in_o the_o british_a tongue_n signify_v wyllow_a tree_n wherewith_o those_o fen_n do_v abound_v all_o these_o in_o fore_a time_n be_v call_v girui_fw-it join_v to_o these_o be_v the_o parisi_n who_o chief_a city_n pettuaria_n be_v now_o begin_v to_o be_v call_v peterborow_n peterborow_n beyond_o the_o mydland_n saxon_n west_n ward_n be_v the_o catychlauni_fw-la now_o hertfordshyremen_n and_o buckynghanshyreman_n on_o the_o hill_n who_o city_n be_v salinae_n and_o verolanum_fw-la whereof_o this_o last_o take_v name_n of_o a_o river_n be_v for_o before_o time_n it_o be_v call_v in_o british_a guernhan_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o church_n stand_v upon_o the_o river_n ver_n afterward_o caër_fw-la municip_n because_o it_o be_v a_o municipin_n or_o incorporate_a town_n belong_a to_o the_o roman_n englishman_n term_v it_o verlamcester_n and_o watlyngchester_n this_o watling-ch_a city_n be_v destroy_v through_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o saxon_n how_o be_v it_o there_o remain_v the_o token_n and_o foundation_n of_o the_o wall_n to_o this_o day_n never_o to_o s._n alban_n church_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o water_n but_o where_o as_o some_o do_v think_v that_o the_o thames_n sometime_o run_v that_o way_n it_o be_v to_o be_v laugh_v at_o howbeit_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a stand_a water_n hard_o by_o the_o city_n wall_n where_o now_o be_v pleasant_a flourish_v meadow_n in_o which_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v there_o be_v a_o anchor_n of_o a_o ship_n find_v of_o late_a whereby_o and_o also_o by_o the_o corrupt_a copy_n of_o gyldas_n that_o conjecture_n be_v rise_v after_o these_o come_v the_o oxfordeshyreman_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o thames_n who_o city_n be_v call_v by_o englishmen_n oxenford_n our_o countryman_n term_v it_o rhyd_n oxenford_n ychen_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o ford_z of_o ox_n but_o what_o name_n it_o have_v in_o old_a time_n it_o be_v altogether_o unknown_a yet_o some_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v caër_fw-la 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corrupt_o nychol_n as_o i_o have_v many_o time_n note_v in_o ancient_a charter_n and_o record_n of_o the_o earl_n thereof_o write_v in_o the_o french_a tongue_n and_o all_o that_o province_n be_v call_v lyndesey_n next_o leycester_n unto_o these_o at_o trent_n be_v the_o leycestershyreman_n so_o call_v of_o leicestre_n which_o in_o old_a time_n be_v call_v caërbier_n at_o the_o south_n appear_v the_o northampton_n shyreman_n so_o call_v of_o the_o river_n avon_n which_o come_v along_o by_o the_o town_n avon_n for_o avon_n in_o british_a signify_v a_o river_n and_o the_o saxon_n hear_n the_o britain_n so_o term_v river_n suppose_v that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o proper_a name_n thereof_o whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o many_o notable_a river_n in_o england_n be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n after_o these_o at_o the_o west_n follow_v the_o warwickshiremen_n who_o principal_a city_n caër_fw-la wythelin_n be_v found_v by_o guythelnius_fw-la a_o king_n of_o britain_n afterward_o of_o the_o roman_a legion_n which_o go_v no_o far_o caërlheon_n last_o of_o a_o noble_a britain_n which_o beautify_v it_o with_o many_o fair_a building_n caërgwayr_n and_o of_o the_o englishman_n be_v call_v warwick_n next_o after_o these_o be_v warwik_n the_o staffordshiremen_n amongst_o who_o be_v lychfeild_n a_o bishop_n see_v that_o be_v to_o lichfeild_n say_v the_o field_n of_o dead_a folk_n for_o the_o northern_a englishman_n call_v death_n lych_n and_o the_o unlucky_a night_n raven_n lychâ—oules_n some_o affirm_v that_o here_o not_o in_o legancestre_n etheldrede_v king_n of_o northumberlande_n most_o cruel_o slay_v two_o thousand_o monk_n of_o the_o famous_a monastery_n of_o banchor_n man_n excellent_o learn_v and_o such_o as_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o get_v their_o live_v with_o travail_n of_o their_o own_o hand_n which_o bloody_a war_n he_o will_v never_o monk_n have_v begin_v have_v it_o not_o be_v at_o the_o motion_n of_o that_o blood_n thirty_o monk_n who_o they_o call_v augustine_n the_o cause_n be_v for_o that_o in_o some_o point_v they_o seam_v to_o disagree_v from_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o refuse_v to_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archebishop_n of_o cantorbury_n have_v already_o of_o their_o own_o the_o archbishop_n of_o legion_n this_o be_v the_o chearitie_n and_o religion_n of_o that_o man_n to_o make_v away_o such_o good_a &_o godly_a man_n as_o can_v not_o abide_v his_o intolerable_a pride_n but_o touch_v these_o matter_n godwilling_n we_o will_v speak_v in_o another_o place_n on_o the_o otherside_n of_o warwykeshyre_n be_v the_o worcestershyreman_n next_o to_o the_o dobani_fw-la their_o city_n vigornia_n be_v of_o old_a time_n call_v of_o the_o roman_n brangonia_n of_o the_o britain_n to_o this_o day_n caër_fw-la vrangon_n and_o of_o the_o englishman_n be_v common_o call_v worcestre_n worcester_n and_o be_v build_v at_o the_o east_n side_n of_o severn_n where_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o all_o the_o great_a city_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o east_n shore_n of_o the_o river_n severn_n and_o do_v you_o be_v build_v to_o resist_v the_o eruption_n of_o the_o britain_n into_o lhoëgr_n that_o be_v england_n like_v as_o the_o roman_n erect_v many_o notable_a city_n on_o the_o west_n shore_n of_o the_o rind_n to_o restrain_v the_o forcible_a invasion_n of_o the_o german_n into_o france_n adjoin_v unto_o these_o be_v the_o shropshyreman_n who_o ancient_a city_n be_v vricovium_n call_v afterward_o of_o the_o englishman_n wrekecestre_n and_o short_a wroxcestre_fw-fr wroxcestre_n all_o raise_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n in_o the_o saxon_a war_n from_o who_o relic_n four_o mile_n of_o lie_v salopia_n the_o head_n city_n of_o all_o the_o shire_n notable_a for_o two_o bridge_n and_o almost_o compass_v with_o the_o severn_n the_o same_o in_o old_a time_n be_v call_v pengwern_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o head_n of_o a_o place_n where_o alder_n grow_v and_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o king_n of_o powyse_o from_o whence_o the_o english_a name_n schreusbury_n be_v derive_v although_o i_o remember_v that_o in_o ancient_a record_n schreusburie_n i_o read_v it_o term_v salopsbury_n and_o slopesbury_n our_o countryman_n call_v it_o ymwythig_n at_o this_o day_n next_o after_o these_o be_v the_o devani_n or_o ches_n hyreman_n upon_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi where_o as_o be_v certain_a well_n out_o of_o who_o liquor_n very_o good_a &_o pure_a white_a salt_n be_v sodden_a beside_o the_o city_n itself_o famous_a for_o the_o roman_a monument_n therein_o which_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o roman_a legion_n winter_v there_o be_v call_v by_o the_o britain_n at_o this_o day_n caër_fw-la lheon_n be_v ddourdwy_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o city_n of_o legion_n upon_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi for_o difference_n sake_n betwixt_o that_o and_o another_o of_o that_o name_n upon_o the_o river_n osca_n it_o appear_v out_o of_o antoninus_n that_o the_o same_o in_o time_n paste_n be_v
the_o roman_n antoninus_n also_o mention_v pontium_fw-la which_o appear_v now_o to_o be_v call_v neubery_n read_v thantique_a name_n of_o spinae_n which_o signify_v thornes_z continue_v to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o one_o side_n of_o neubery_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o new_a court_n from_o whence_o a_o good_a way_n of_o upon_o the_o river_n cunetio_n stand_v a_o famous_a city_n call_v cunetio_n by_o the_o roman_n but_o marlborow_n now_o marlborow_n between_o these_o and_o the_o sea_n lie_v the_o simeni_n who_o metropolitan_a or_o chief_n city_n be_v venta_n which_o in_o fore_a time_n be_v a_o city_n of_o great_a renown_n and_o of_o the_o britain_n call_v caërwynt_n wynchester_n of_o the_o englishmen_n wynchester_n and_o at_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v the_o great_a port_n call_v now_o portesmouth_n at_o who_o wight_n mouth_n there_o stand_v a_o city_n call_v of_o old_a caërperis_n but_o now_o portchester_n also_o tris_n antonis_n a_o haven_n now_o south_n hampton_n retain_v the_o old_a name_n over_o against_o these_o lie_v the_o i_o will_v of_o wight_n celebrate_v by_o the_o ancient_a roman_a writer_n and_o first_o subdue_v by_o vespasian_n the_o same_o be_v in_o length_n xx_o mile_n and._n x._o in_o breadth_n in_o form_n like_o to_o a_o egg_n in_o some_o place_n seven_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o main_n shore_n and_o in_o other_o but_o twain_o it_o have_v very_o rough_a and_o craggy_a cliff_n it_o be_v very_o plentiful_a of_o corne._n the_o chief_a and_o only_a market_n town_n of_o all_o the_o island_n be_v newport_n there_o be_v also_o a_o castle_n call_v newport_n caërbro_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o tract_n for_o castle_n net_n express_v the_o british_a antiquity_n the_o westsaxons_n when_o they_o have_v drive_v away_o the_o britain_n add_v the_o same_o to_o their_o dominion_n until_o cadwalla_n a_o britain_n have_v slay_v aruald_a recover_v it_o to_o himself_o englishman_n call_v it_o the_o wight_n britain_n term_v it_o gwydh_n which_o in_o our_o tongue_n signify_v perspicuous_a or_o easy_a to_o be_v see_v as_o gwydhgruc_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o perspicuous_a heap_n gwydhfa_n a_o perspicuous_a place_n by_o which_o term_n the_o most_o high_a mountain_n of_o all_o britain_n in_o carnaruanshyre_n be_v call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n be_v wont_v to_o glory_n that_o their_o country_n be_v destitute_a of_o three_o great_a discommodity_n that_o be_v find_v in_o other_o country_n to_o wit_n fox_n beg_a friar_n and_o lawyer_n they_o be_v under_o the_o precinct_n and_o diocese_n of_o southampton_n by_o the_o same_o sea_n shore_n along_o follow_v the_o severiani_n call_v now_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o wylshyre_n who_o chief_a city_n be_v caërseverus_fw-la call_v also_o caër_fw-la câ—radoc_n and_o now_o by_o englishmen_n sarysbury_n sarisbury_n betwixt_o these_o be_v s._n ambrose_n hill_n celebrate_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o slaughter_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o britain_n there_o commit_v also_o shaft_n bury_v know_v of_o old_a to_o the_o britain_n by_o the_o name_n of_o caërbaladin_n and_o caërsepton_n at_o the_o westside_n of_o thâ—se_a lie_n the_o durotriges_n call_v of_o we_o durugueir_n of_o the_o englishman_n dorsetshyre_n man_n from_o whence_o more_o westerly_a be_v the_o damnonij_fw-la we_o call_v they_o at_o this_o day_n dyfynnaint_v which_o signify_v deep_a &_o narrow_a valley_n &_o not_o of_o the_o dane_n as_o some_o affirm_v these_o be_v call_v in_o english_a devonshyreman_n and_o they_o lie_v between_o two_o sea_n the_o severn_n and_o the_o british_a ocean_n their_o principal_a city_n be_v isca_n call_v also_o augusta_n before_o time_n caërwisk_n of_o the_o water_n pass_v by_o but_o now_o of_o the_o englishman_n excestre_n excester_n howbeit_o i_o know_v well_o enough_o that_o some_o affirm_v that_o before_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o old_a britain_n penuchelgoëd_n last_o of_o all_o come_v cornavia_n of_o the_o cornwall_n inhabitant_n and_o our_o countryman_n call_v cernico_fw-la of_o englishmen_n cornwall_n here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o saxon_n do_v thrâ—st_v the_o relic_n of_o the_o ancient_a britain_n into_o those_o straight_n who_o because_o they_o use_v the_o british_a tongue_n which_o the_o saxon_n understand_v not_o they_o term_v they_o cornwalas_n that_o be_v to_o say_v welshman_n of_o cornavia_n or_o cornwall_n as_o they_o call_v also_o our_o countryman_n welsh_a britain_n after_o the_o german_a guise_n this_o be_v the_o true_a etymology_n or_o cause_n of_o the_o name_n and_o farewell_n to_o they_o which_o please_a themselves_o in_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o name_n do_v call_v it_o cornu_fw-la galliae_fw-la to_o say_v a_o horn_n of_o france_n wherein_o polydorus_n as_o in_o other_o thing_n also_o utter_v his_o ignorance_n as_o for_o my_o opinion_n very_o ancient_a book_n do_v confirm_v it_o write_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n and_o the_o name_n also_o whereby_o those_o which_o inhabit_v the_o country_n do_v usual_o call_v it_o they_o speak_v the_o british_a language_n &_o all_o their_o word_n almost_o be_v find_v like_o unto_o we_o but_o that_o they_o differ_v sumdeale_o in_o construction_n of_o speech_n the_o promontory_n of_o cornavia_n now_o cornwall_n be_v famous_a amongst_o our_o countryman_n common_o call_v penrhyngwaed_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o promontory_n of_o blood_n which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v call_v of_o ptolomaeus_n antivestaeum_fw-la beyond_o the_o damnonij_n or_o devonshire_n man_n nigh_o the_o course_n of_o severn_n lie_v sometime_o the_o region_n of_o murotriges_n we_o call_v it_o guladyr_n haf_n englishmen_n somersetshyre_n where_o be_v many_o notable_a ancient_a place_n see_v as_o the_o mount_n of_o caërmalet_n otherwise_o call_v camalet_n there_o stand_v also_o iscalis_n now_o ilcester_n ilcester_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o auolonia_n who_o city_n be_v venta_n now_o brystow_n but_o in_o antique_a time_n the_o britain_n call_v it_o caër_fw-la other_o yn_n nant_n badon_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o city_n odera_fw-mi in_o the_o valley_n of_o badon_n another_o town_n of_o the_o belgae_n with_o ptolomaeus_n aquae_n calidae_n that_o be_v of_o hot_a water_n with_o antoninus_n aquae_fw-la solis_fw-la of_o water_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o britain_n call_v it_o bath_n caërbadon_n the_o englishman_n bath_n and_o be_v very_o renown_a for_o wholesome_a bath_n bath_n of_o hot_a water_n of_o which_o thing_n i_o be_o a_o most_o certain_a witness_n for_o when_o as_o by_o the_o stroke_n of_o a_o horse_n which_o i_o have_v catch_v at_o milan_n in_o italy_n i_o be_v grievous_o pain_v with_o the_o sciatica_n continual_o the_o space_n of_o one_o whole_a year_n and_o have_v assay_v the_o help_n of_o many_o excellent_o learned_a physician_n be_v nothing_o the_o better_o i_o use_v these_o bath_n but_o only_o six_o day_n and_o be_v restore_v to_o my_o former_a health_n between_o these_o and_o the_o thames_n head_n be_v the_o dobuni_n now_o claudiani_n who_o chief_a town_n in_o old_a time_n be_v call_v corinium_n of_o the_o britain_n caër_fw-la cory_n the_o english_a gloucester_n man_n now_o term_v it_o cycestre_n and_o claudia_n common_o call_v gloucester_n a_o famous_a city_n stand_v upon_o severn_n the_o head_n of_o all_o the_o shire_n i_o suppose_v not_o to_o have_v be_v know_v to_o the_o roman_n but_o be_v afterward_o as_o gyldas_n report_v build_v by_o glovy_n a_o britain_n who_o after_o that_o the_o roman_n be_v drive_v thence_o reign_v there_o and_o not_o so_o name_v by_o claudius_n caesar_n as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o same_o shire_n also_o stand_v malmesbury_n call_v before_o time_n malmsbury_n caërbladhon_n these_o shire_n do_v make_v the_o three_o kingdom_n of_o saxon_n in_o britain_n which_o they_o call_v westsaxons_n who_o king_n be_v egbert_n who_o egbert_n have_v subdue_v all_o the_o other_o first_o of_o the_o german_n obtain_v the_o monarchy_n of_o lhoëgr_n thus_o have_v describe_v the_o country_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o thames_n let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o the_o other_o in_o order_fw-fr and_o first_o over_o against_o kent_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o thames_n lie_v the_o trinovante_n who_o prince_n be_v mandubratius_n tius_fw-la or_o as_o other_o write_v androgorius_n our_o countryman_n call_v he_o audâ—wy_a the_o same_o send_v for_o caesar_n into_o britain_n and_o when_o he_o be_v come_v assist_v he_o with_o his_o power_n and_o follow_v he_o into_o italy_n and_o thessaly_n their_o chief_a city_n london_n be_v build_v by_o brutus_n and_o be_v call_v troynewith_n that_o be_v to_o say_v new_a troy_n howbeit_o there_o be_v some_o which_o call_v it_o trenovantum_fw-la because_o three_fw-mi signify_v in_o british_a a_o town_n but_o afterward_o it_o be_v call_v of_o belus_n which_o dwell_v there_o dinas_n beli_n that_o be_v to_o say_v belinus_n palace_n or_o court_n last_o of_o all_o of_o lud_n brother_n to_o caswallane_n which_o wonderful_o adorn_v it_o with_o beautiful_a
water_n either_o into_o the_o sea_n as_o aberconwy_n abertivi_fw-la abertawy_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o mouth_n of_o conway_n tibius_n and_o tobius_n or_o into_o some_o great_a river_n as_o aber_n hodni_fw-la abergevenni_fw-la to_o say_v the_o fall_n of_o hodnus_fw-la and_o gevenus_fw-la into_o osca_n moreover_o we_o call_v mouth_n and_o entrance_n of_o river_n aber_n without_o add_v any_o thing_n more_o thereto_o as_o in_o carnaruanshyre_n between_o conovium_fw-la and_o banchorium_fw-la in_o the_o same_o manner_n so_o that_o i_o think_v aber_n to_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o aestus_fw-la do_v which_o be_v the_o rage_n fall_v or_o force_v of_o water_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a with_o ptolomaeus_n above_o these_o be_v the_o damnij_n who_o chief_a city_n antoninus_n make_v vandagora_n to_o be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o valley_n ofdam_n whereby_o i_o conjecture_v that_o they_o be_v those_o which_o we_o call_v now_o westmerlandshyremen_n the_o selgovij_fw-la and_o otadeni_n in_o 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country_n together_o with_o gallovidia_fw-la so_o far_o as_o the_o river_n cluda_n unto_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 870_o be_v in_o the_o britain_n possession_n at_o what_o time_n be_v by_o the_o scot_n dane_n and_o englishman_n disquiet_v with_o many_o battle_n and_o in_o the_o end_n their_o king_n constantinus_n slay_v at_o lochmaba_n in_o anandra_n they_o be_v enforce_v to_o return_v into_o wales_n to_o their_o countryman_n and_o drive_v away_o the_o english_a saxon_n forcible_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o conway_n and_o the_o water_n of_o dee_n which_o they_o possess_v and_o there_o appoint_v a_o kingdom_n which_o of_o the_o river_n cluda_n on_o who_o shore_n they_o dwell_v be_v of_o our_o countryman_n call_v struteluyd_v of_o marianus_n scotus_n corrupt_o streadiylead_v of_o the_o wallane_n they_o have_v many_o conflict_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o same_o author_n report_v until_o at_o length_n their_o last_o king_n die_v at_o rome_n they_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o gwynedh_n this_o marianus_n the_o chief_a historiographer_n of_o his_o time_n one_o of_o late_a have_v cause_v to_o set_v forth_o in_o print_n be_v imperfect_a and_o lack_v the_o better_a part_n of_o set_a purpose_n as_o himself_o confess_v because_o of_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o the_o british_a history_n in_o like_a manner_n sleydan_n while_o he_o turn_v his_o abbridgement_n of_o frossard_n into_o latin_a be_v too_o too_o much_o partial_a to_o the_o frenchman_n either_o overpass_v with_o silence_n the_o most_o noble_a &_o valiant_a deed_n of_o the_o englishman_n or_o vari_v from_o his_o author_n report_v they_o otherwise_o then_o frossard_n have_v write_v wherefore_o i_o seem_v that_o the_o say_v of_o martial_a the_o poet_n very_o well_o agree_v with_o they_o that_o which_o now_o thou_o do_v turn_v oh_o fidentine_n the_o book_n be_v i_o but_o when_o thou_o turn_v he_o ill_o then_o he_o begin_v for_o to_o be_v thou_o but_o this_o much_o by_o the_o way_n the_o last_o of_o the_o northumberlandshyreman_n and_o almost_o of_o all_o lhoëgr_n follow_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o lancashyre_n to_o be_v entreat_v of_o who_o the_o river_n call_v of_o the_o englishman_n merssee_n divide_v from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o march_n march._n of_o who_o the_o kingdom_n of_o march_n in_o england_n be_v so_o call_v it_o be_v soon_o prove_v out_o of_o ptolomaeus_n that_o these_o be_v call_v ordovici_fw-la in_o old_a time_n for_o the_o ordovici_fw-la say_v he_o lie_v more_o south-west_n than_o the_o brigant_n do_v since_o therefore_o that_o yorkeshyre_n be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o brigant_n in_o vain_a with_o boethius_n we_o seek_v they_o in_o scotland_n and_o much_o more_o in_o norfolk_n with_o polydorus_n wherefore_o renounce_v these_o fable_n for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o persuade_v that_o the_o ordovici_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o lancas_n hyreman_n but_o also_o the_o devani_n or_o ches_n hyreman_n and_o shrops_n hyreman_n be_v recompt_v of_o tacitus_n for_o a_o great_a city_n in_o this_o city_n place_n i_o call_v a_o city_n as_o caesar_n do_v a_o whole_a convent_n or_o kingdom_n for_o look_v how_o many_o city_n there_o be_v so_o many_o kyngedome_n in_o old_a time_n be_v in_o britain_n which_o several_o wage_a battle_n against_o the_o roman_n be_v all_o the_o soon_o overcummen_v among_o the_o city_n of_o these_o kingdom_n ptolomaeus_n recite_v mediolanun_n call_v now_o lancastre_n lancastre_n mancunium_n as_o appear_v out_o of_o antoninus_n be_v call_v manchestre_n their_o king_n in_o time_n past_a be_v cataracus_n manchester_n who_o fame_n be_v know_v above_o the_o sky_n who_o the_o space_n of_o nine_o continual_a year_n very_o much_o molest_v the_o roman_n with_o war_n at_o length_n be_v take_v by_o treason_n of_o a_o woman_n and_o lead_v to_o rome_n in_o triumph_n and_o claudius_n the_o emperor_n deserve_v no_o less_o praise_n for_o vanquishing_n cataracus_n then_o do_v scipio_n for_o syphax_n or_o lucius_n paulus_n for_o perses_n as_o tacitus_n write_v two_o most_o puissant_a king_n bring_v home_o in_o show_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o here_o can_v i_o not_o marvel_v enough_o what_o come_v in_o mind_n to_o that_o boëthius_n not_o the_o trojan_a but_o the_o scot_n for_o alas_o what_o one_o be_v he_o how_o far_o from_o that_o same_o hector_n sore_o he_o change_v be_v that_o in_o achilles_n spoil_n come_v home_o before_o impudent_o to_o affirm_v that_o he_o be_v a_o scot_n see_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o nation_n at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o world_n but_o if_o there_o be_v it_o be_v so_o enfold_v in_o darkness_n that_o it_o be_v unknown_a to_o the_o roman_n and_o britain_n or_o as_o haymo_n armenius_n write_v of_o a_o certain_a nation_n it_o have_v so_o blear_v the_o eye_n of_o all_o people_n and_o country_n that_o the_o scot_n be_v invisible_o conversant_a between_o the_o roman_n and_o britain_n polydorus_n also_o write_v that_o he_o be_v king_n of_o the_o ordulacae_fw-la when_o neither_o tacitus_n nor_o ptolomaeus_n mention_v the_o same_o but_o 12_o of_o the_o ordovici_fw-la and_o tacitus_n report_v that_o he_o be_v not_o only_a governor_n of_o the_o ordovici_fw-la but_o also_o of_o the_o siluri_n which_o siluri_n dwell_v not_o in_o scotland_n siluri_n but_o in_o southwales_n as_o in_o another_o place_n it_o shall_v be_v prove_v more_o plain_o and_o i_o remember_v very_o well_o that_o a_o few_o year_n ago_o when_o i_o be_v in_o the_o frontir_v of_o shrops_n hire_n with_o other_o about_o certain_a business_n of_o my_o lord_n the_o right_a honoble_a earl_n of_o arundel_n where_o some_o part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n lie_v i_o chance_v to_o fall_v into_o the_o view_n of_o a_o place_n exceed_o well_o fortify_a both_o by_o nature_n &_o art_n the_o situation_n whereof_o be_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n environ_v with_o a_o triple_a ditch_n of_o great_a depth_n there_o be_v iij._o gate_n not_o direct_o but_o a_o shoshe_fw-mi the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o and_o on_o three_o side_n steep_v headlong_o place_n and_o compass_v with_o two_o river_n on_o the_o lift_v hand_n with_o colun_n or_o clun_n on_o the_o right_n with_o themis_n which_o our_o countryman_n call_v tevidia_fw-la and_o accessible_a but_o on_o the_o one_o side_n thereof_o these_o thing_n when_o i_o behold_v i_o understand_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o this_o place_n be_v call_v caër_fw-la caradoc_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o city_n caradoc_n and_o that_o there_o have_v be_v many_o fierce_a battle_n fight_v there_o against_o a_o certain_a king_n call_v caradoc_n who_o at_o last_o be_v vanquish_v and_o take_v of_o his_o enemy_n for_o our_o countryman_n caâ—_n not_o only_o wall_v city_n &_o town_n but_o also_o all_o manner_n place_n which_o be_v entrench_v and_o wall_v by_o the_o name_n caër_fw-la as_o i_o will_v prove_v afterward_o by_o
late_o be_v busy_v against_o pirate_n &_o afterward_o by_o the_o mithridatick_a fight_n be_v very_o well_o practise_v by_o sea_n and_o land_n beside_o this_o nation_n be_v then_o but_o rude_a and_o the_o britain_n be_v accustom_v but_o only_o to_o the_o redshank_n and_o irishmen_n their_o enemy_n as_o yet_o but_o half_o naked_a soon_o yield_v unto_o the_o roman_a arm_n and_o ensign_n that_o caesar_n almost_o in_o all_o that_o expedition_n can_v vaunt_v himself_o but_o of_o this_o own_o thing_n that_o he_o have_v sail_v upon_o the_o ocean_n he_o affirm_v that_o the_o britain_n only_o dwell_v in_o a_o island_n and_o term_v they_o hibernenses_n hibernenses_n who_o afterward_o be_v call_v scot_n also_o another_o panegyricus_n unto_o constantinus_n the_o emperor_n speak_v of_o the_o redshank_n call_v pictones_n as_o follow_v for_o neither_o he_o speak_v of_o his_o father_n constantius_n after_o such_o and_o so_o many_o notable_a act_n which_o he_o have_v do_v vouchsafe_v to_o get_v not_o only_o the_o wood_n and_o marise_n of_o the_o calidones_n and_o other_o pictones_n but_o neither_o ireland_n which_o lie_v nigh_o neither_o the_o far_a tile_n neither_o yet_o the_o fortunate_a land_n if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thus_o far_o the_o panegiricus_n this_o he_o write_v about_o the_o year_n after_o christ_n be_v bear_v three_o hundred_o &_o twenty_o at_o what_o time_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o pictones_n or_o redshank_n begin_v first_o to_o inhabit_v the_o far_a must_v part_n of_o scotland_n after_o he_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n 20._o first_o of_o the_o latin_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o scot_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o salvation_n 364._o in_o the_o ten_o consulship_n of_o constantius_n and_o the_o three_o of_o julianus_n when_o as_o in_o britain_n by_o excursion_n and_o break_v forth_o of_o the_o scot_n &_o redshank_n be_v wild_a nation_n peace_n be_v break_v the_o place_n about_o nigh_o to_o the_o frontir_n be_v spoil_v and_o afterward_o in_o the_o life_n of_o valentinian_n and_o valens_n he_o say_v at_o this_o time_n as_o though_o alarm_n 26._o be_v sound_v throughout_o all_o the_o roman_a dominion_n the_o most_o fierce_a and_o savage_a nation_n arise_v &_o forcible_o invade_v their_o near_a neighbour_n the_o alemanni_n or_o almain_n spoil_v the_o country_n of_o france_n and_o rhetia_n together_o sarmatae_n the_o ponnoniae_fw-la and_o the_o quadi_n now_o bohemans_n the_o redshank_n saxon_n scot_n and_o attacotti_n much_o molest_v the_o britain_n and_o afterward_o at_o that_o time_n 27._o the_o redshank_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o nation_n deucalidonae_fw-la and_o vecturiones_n also_o the_o attacotti_n a_o very_a warlike_a nation_n and_o the_o scot_n wander_v uncerteine_o about_o here_o and_o there_o waste_v and_o spoil_v very_o much_o and_o as_o for_o the_o coast_n of_o gallia_n they_o be_v spoil_v by_o frenchmen_n and_o saxon_n etc_n etc_n hereby_o it_o appear_v in_o what_o darkness_n the_o scottish_a state_n be_v drown_v for_o boethius_n in_o no_o place_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o attacotti_n who_o appear_v by_o this_o author_n to_o have_v dwell_v in_o albania_n and_o to_o have_v be_v of_o the_o scottish_a race_n wherefore_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o a_o little_a before_o that_o time_n the_o scot_n and_o attacotti_n who_o afterward_o vanish_v into_o the_o name_n of_o the_o scot_n forth_o of_o ireland_n and_o from_o the_o hebrides_n the_o redshank_n hebrides_n out_o of_o the_o orchades_n whereas_o they_o lurk_v before_o by_o one_o consent_n enter_v into_o albania_n and_o there_o provoke_v by_o war_n the_o roman_n and_o britain_n &_o that_o they_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o field_n some_o time_n conqueror_n and_o sometime_o conquer_v for_o short_o after_o ammianus_n report_v that_o after_o that_o these_o nation_n be_v by_o theodosius_n a_o valiant_a captain_n under_o valentinian_n vanquish_v and_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a province_n they_o be_v at_o quiet_a and_o this_o can_v be_v no_o disparedgment_n but_o rather_o a_o great_a glory_n to_o the_o scottish_a nation_n that_o rather_o at_o that_o time_n then_o before_o that_o forcible_o against_o the_o roman_n will_n they_o plant_v they_o seat_n in_o britain_n which_o be_v prove_v not_o out_o of_o vain_a and_o fabulous_a writer_n such_o as_o be_v boethius_n and_o other_o such_o like_a but_o out_o of_o substantial_a author_n and_o such_o as_o do_v very_o well_o know_v the_o state_n of_o britain_n after_o all_o these_o claudianus_n a_o poet_n singular_o learn_v in_o diverse_a place_n make_v mention_v of_o these_o nation_n as_o for_o example_n of_o the_o getick_a war_n a_o power_n also_o there_o come_v against_o the_o far_a britain_n bend_v which_o bridle_v have_v the_o scot_n so_o fierce_a and_o note_n with_o iron_n burn_v then_o fail_v read_v whilst_o readshanks_n blood_n and_o breath_n be_v spend_v and_o in_o his_o panegyricus_n to_o honorius_n the_o nimble_a moores_n have_v he_o and_o pict_n so_o term_v by_o name_n full_a true_a subdue_v and_o he_o the_o scot_n with_o blade_n at_o random_n do_v pursue_v and_o of_o the_o four_o consulship_n of_o honorius_n be_v wet_a with_o saxon_n slay_v the_o orchades_n and_o island_n eke_o be_v hot_a with_o readshanks_n bain_n and_o freeze_a irland_n eke_o dead_a heap_n of_o scotshman_n weep_v amain_o who_o do_v ever_o set_v forth_o more_o plain_o the_o natural_a country_n of_o both_o nation_n for_o he_o show_v how_o readshanks_n come_v from_o thule_n that_o be_v to_o say_v island_n of_o thule_n the_o north_n and_o the_o scot_n but_o late_o out_o of_o ireland_n and_o in_o another_o place_n in_o his_o panegyricus_n britain_n speak_v unto_o stilico_n and_o i_o she_o say_v with_o country_n near_o about_o who_o be_v destroy_v almost_o defence_v well_o have_v stilico_n when_o irland_n soil_n on_o every_o side_n the_o scot_n do_v move_v and_o sea_n with_o noisome_a sail_n do_v foam_v about_o by_o who_o help_n now_o it_o be_v that_o scottish_a force_n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v ne_o do_v i_o dread_v the_o pict_n etc_n etc_n hereby_o it_o appear_v manifest_o that_o at_o this_o time_n that_o be_v to_o wit_n the_o year_n of_o our_o salvation_n 410._o the_o scot_n possess_v no_o certain_a place_n in_o britain_n but_o many_o time_n use_v to_o make_v eruption_n out_o of_o ireland_n and_o by_o little_a and_o little_o subdue_v the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o island_n and_o at_o length_n have_v drive_v thence_o the_o inhabitant_n establish_v their_o kingdom_n there_o under_o valentinian_n the_o young_a the_o year_n of_o god_n incarnate_a 444._o when_o as_o now_o the_o roman_n have_v leave_v of_o the_o charge_n and_o care_n of_o britain_n this_o much_o i_o have_v brief_o to_o say_v touch_n the_o original_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o redshank_n now_o i_o will_v address_v myself_o to_o the_o description_n of_o albania_n or_o scotland_n it_o be_v separate_v from_o england_n albania_n by_o the_o river_n tweed_n the_o hill_n cheviot_n and_o certain_a little_a river_n run_a down_o into_o the_o channel_n soluathianus_fw-la the_o first_o people_n which_o come_v to_o hand_n be_v gallovidiani_fw-la of_o old_a time_n call_v by_o the_o roman_n novantes_fw-la and_o not_o brigant_n as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o ptolomaeus_n call_v their_o city_n leucopibia_n which_o we_o term_v now_o caërleil_n &_o caërleil_n stand_v in_o the_o entrance_n of_o both_o kyngedome_n next_o unto_o these_o be_v the_o gadini_n nigh_o the_o river_n glota_n which_o some_o do_v better_o call_v cluyda_o howbeit_o that_o name_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v sometime_o pronounce_v gluyda_o whereby_o grow_v that_o error_n of_o call_v it_o glot_n upon_o this_o river_n side_n sometime_o glot_n there_o stand_v a_o noble_a city_n of_o the_o britain_n call_v caër_fw-la alchuyd_v or_o archuyd_v that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o city_n stand_v upon_o cluyda_n which_o be_v now_o of_o the_o scots_n call_v dounbritton_n because_o it_o be_v restore_v again_o by_o the_o britain_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o salvation_n 800._o above_o these_o towards_o the_o east_n sea_n lie_v a_o region_n which_o now_o be_v call_v landonia_n and_o mercia_n march_n but_o in_o time_n past_o breunicia_n and_o of_o the_o pict_n call_v also_o redshank_n pictlandia_n the_o maeatae_n be_v place_v here_o by_o dion_n for_o say_v he_o the_o maeatae_n dwell_v beyond_o the_o wall_n unto_o the_o caledonij_fw-la ptolomaeus_n lay_v the_o vacomagi_n beyond_o tueda_n this_o limiting_n wall_n as_o spartianus_n report_v be_v first_o build_v by_o adrianus_n the_o emperor_n fourscore_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o capitolinus_n be_v author_n that_o antoninus_n erect_v another_o make_v of_o turâ—es_n between_o the_o britain_n and_o last_o of_o all_o that_o severus_n by_o a_o trench_n which_o be_v cast_v from_o sea_n to_o sea_n divide_v the_o roman_a province_n from_o the_o outstretch_o britain_n all_o man_n do_v general_o agree_v whereby_o our_o countryman_n
nothing_o trouble_v with_o hunger_n nor_o cold_a neither_o weary_a with_o martial_a affair_n neither_o fall_n into_o desperation_n by_o adversity_n but_o soon_o ready_a to_o rise_v up_o after_o a_o fall_n and_o press_v by_o and_o by_o again_o to_o assay_v the_o peril_n of_o war_n as_o in_o battle_n easy_a so_o in_o continuance_n of_o war_n hard_a to_o be_v overcome_v whereby_o claudianus_n seem_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o same_o nation_n say_v if_o that_o their_o heart_n you_o let_v a_o while_n 2._o to_o rest_v so_o many_o slaughter_n they_o devoid_a of_o sense_n do_v seem_v to_o take_v and_o of_o small_a price_n the_o loss_n of_o so_o much_o blood_n to_o deem_v thus_o much_o he_o and_o more_o which_o short_o god_n willing_a shall_v be_v set_v forth_o now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o land_n this_o land_n after_o the_o british_a destruction_n wales_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o region_n as_o i_o read_v of_o late_a in_o a_o very_a ancient_a book_n write_v of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o britain_n for_o say_v that_o book_n after_o that_o the_o saxon_n have_v vanquish_v the_o britain_n &_o obtain_v the_o sceptre_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o london_n all_o the_o people_n of_o wales_n assemble_v together_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n devey_v to_o choose_v a_o king_n and_o yno_o i_o doethant_a gwyr_n gwynedh_fw-mi à _fw-fr gwyr_n powy_n a_o gwyr_n deheubarth_n à _fw-fr reynnwc_n ac_fw-la esylluc_n à _fw-la morganuc_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v and_o thither_o come_v man_n of_o gwynedh_n and_o man_n of_o powy_n and_o man_n of_o deheubarth_n and_o of_o reynnucia_n and_o of_o syllucia_n and_o morgania_n &_o they_o choose_v maylgun_v who_o other_o call_v maclocunius_fw-la of_o â–ª_o gwynedh_n to_o be_v their_o king_n this_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n â—60_n howbeit_o afterward_o in_o the_o lamentable_a conflict_n against_o ethelfredus_n king_n of_o northumberland_n be_v recite_v the_o king_n of_o dynetia_n which_o false_o they_o call_v demetia_n of_o guenta_fw-la of_o powysia_n and_o of_o north-wales_n and_o in_o another_o place_n â—ention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o king_n of_o stra_n 〈…〉_o cluyde_v so_o that_o hereby_o it_o be_v easy_o 〈…〉_o ered_a that_o this_o country_n be_v subject_a 〈…〉_o ivers_n petikinge_n or_o earl_n unto_o rodericuâ—_n 〈…〉_o e_o of_o roderike_n the_o great_a who_z ob_fw-la 〈…〉_o the_o monarchy_n of_o all_o wales_n the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 843._o divide_v it_o into_o three_o part_n which_o he_o leave_v in_o possession_n of_o his_o three_o son_n for_o unto_o meruinius_fw-la as_o gyraldus_n term_v he_o to_o who_o i_o consent_v his_o elder_a son_n he_o give_v gwynedh_n to_o anaraudus_fw-la who_o some_o make_v the_o elder_a powy_n &_o to_o cadelhus_fw-la the_o young_a deheubarth_n and_o that_o i_o may_v use_v the_o word_n of_o gyldas_n southwales_n be_v allot_v to_o cadelhus_fw-la with_o the_o blessing_n and_o goodwill_n of_o all_o the_o people_n which_o they_o call_v deheubarth_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o the_o right_a side_n which_o although_o in_o quantity_n it_o be_v far_o the_o big_a notwithstanding_o by_o reason_n of_o noble_a man_n which_o in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n be_v call_v vchelwyr_n that_o be_v to_o say_v high_a man_n wherewith_o it_o abound_v which_o be_v wont_a to_o rebel_v against_o their_o lord_n &_o to_o defy_v they_o in_o armour_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o worse_a this_o division_n whilst_o their_o posterity_n contend_v among_o themselves_o in_o civil_a war_n and_o each_o of_o they_o alone_o with_o the_o englishman_n in_o external_a at_o last_o destroy_v the_o kingdom_n of_o wales_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o kingdom_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v gwynedh_n englishmen_n north-wales_n &_o the_o latin_a writer_n corrupt_o venodotia_n have_v in_o venodotia_n ancient_a time_n these_o limit_n on_o the_o west_n and_o north_n side_n it_o have_v vergivium_fw-la or_o the_o irish_a ocean_n at_o the_o south-west_n and_o by_o south_n the_o river_n devye_fw-mi whereby_o it_o be_v cut_v of_o from_o southwales_n on_o the_o south_n and_o east_n side_n it_o be_v sever_v from_o powy_n and_o england_n with_o high_a hill_n and_o sometime_o with_o water_n unto_o the_o force_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi the_o same_o also_o be_v part_v into_o four_o region_n which_o contain_v fifteen_o cantredi_n which_o signify_v a_o hundred_o village_n the_o principal_a of_o these_o region_n be_v the_o i_o will_v of_o anglysey_n of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o another_o place_n &_o in_o the_o same_o be_v a_o king_n palace_n the_o seat_n of_o north-wales_n in_o aberfraw_n whereof_o the_o king_n of_o gwynedh_n have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n of_o aberfraw_n for_o in_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n that_o be_v to_o say_v good_a howel_n of_o wall_n both_o king_n and_o lawyer_n which_o i_o have_v see_v write_v both_o in_o the_o british_a and_o latin_a tongue_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o like_o as_o the_o king_n of_o aberfraw_n aught_o to_o pay_v threescore_o and_o three_o pound_n for_o tribute_n unto_o the_o king_n of_o london_n so_o likewise_o the_o king_n of_o dinesur_n a_o matrafall_n be_v several_o bind_v to_o pay_v so_o much_o whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o wales_n king_n be_v the_o chief_a prince_n of_o all_o wales_n about_o anglysey_n be_v diverse_a little_a land_n as_o ynis_n adar_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o i_o will_v of_o bird_n sometime_o but_o now_o it_o be_v call_v ynis_n moylrhoniay_v to_o wit_n the_o i_o will_v of_o whale_n in_o english_a ysterisd_v also_o ynis_n lygod_n that_o be_v the_o i_o will_v of_o mouse_n and_o the_o i_o will_v seirial_n in_o english_a preêstholme_n the_o second_o region_n of_o gwynedh_n call_v arfon_n as_o who_o shall_v say_v above_o anglysey_n the_o best_a fortify_v part_n of_o all_o wales_n for_o it_o centeyn_v the_o high_a mountain_n and_o rock_n of_o all_o britain_n which_o we_o term_v yriri_fw-la the_o englishman_n snowdowne_n because_o they_o carry_v snow_n for_o height_n and_o plenty_n of_o cattle_n scarce_o inferior_a to_o the_o alps_n it_o have_v in_o it_o many_o river_n and_o stand_v water_n beyond_o who_o far_a promontory_n call_v lhynus_fw-la lie_v a_o i_o will_v which_o ptolomaeus_n term_v lymnos_n our_o countryman_n eulhi_n the_o englishman_n bardesey_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o i_o will_v of_o the_o bardi_n in_o arfon_n overagain_o anglysey_n stand_v a_o ancient_a city_n call_v of_o the_o roman_n segontium_n of_o the_o britain_n caërsegont_a of_o a_o river_n which_o pass_v thereby_o but_o now_o out_o of_o the_o ruin_n thereof_o there_o be_v a_o new_a town_n and_o a_o castle_n found_v by_o edward_n the_o first_o of_o 1._o that_o name_n king_n of_o england_n call_v caër_fw-la arfon_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o town_n upon_o anglysey_n and_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o overagain_o anglysey_n lie_v the_o bishop_n see_v of_o banchor_n and_o upon_o conway_n water_n which_o there_o ebb_v and_o slow_v stand_v conway_n of_o our_o country_n man_n call_v aberconwy_n a_o wall_a town_n build_v by_o the_o same_o king_n then_o follow_v meridnia_n with_o we_o merionydh_n and_o gyraldus_n call_v it_o the_o land_n of_o the_o son_n of_o conavius_fw-la the_o same_o as_o he_o say_v be_v the_o most_o rough_a and_o sharp_a of_o all_o wales_n have_v in_o it_o most_o high_a mountain_n the_o people_n use_v long_o spear_n wherewith_o they_o be_v of_o great_a force_n as_z the_o southwales_n man_n with_o their_o bow_n so_o that_o a_o harnies_n can_v bear_v it_o of_o so_o much_o he_o the_o sea_n coast_n there_o by_o occasion_n of_o take_v great_a her_v take_v be_v much_o frequent_v by_o people_n of_o diverse_a country_n in_o the_o same_o stand_v the_o town_n harlechia_n by_o the_o sea_n side_n and_o within_o the_o land_n be_v the_o great_a lake_n tegid_a through_o which_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi which_o we_o call_v doverduwy_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o water_n of_o dee_n flow_v where_o it_o be_v worth_a the_o note_n that_o there_o be_v in_o that_o pond_n a_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o fish_n which_o be_v never_o find_v in_o the_o run_a water_n neither_o the_o salmon_n whereof_o the_o river_n be_v full_a do_v ever_o entre_fw-fr into_o the_o lake_n in_o this_o country_n and_o in_o arfon_n be_v see_v great_a multitude_n of_o dear_a and_o goat_n upon_o the_o high_a hill_n and_o these_o two_o country_n of_o all_o wales_n cam_fw-la last_o into_o the_o power_n of_o the_o englishmen_n neither_o do_v the_o people_n of_o this_o country_n ever_o frequent_a domestical_a incursion_n but_o before_o our_o time_n always_o seem_v to_o obey_v law_n rightful_o the_o far_a &_o last_o part_n of_o gwynedh_n be_v call_v of_o our_o countryman_n berfedhwlad_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o inward_a and_o midland_n region_n and_o be_v sever_v from_o
arfon_n by_o the_o river_n conway_n of_o who_o antoninus_n &_o ptolomaeus_n do_v speak_v under_o the_o name_n of_o novius_fw-la in_o this_o beside_o the_o forename_a river_n stand_v a_o most_o antique_a city_n of_o the_o britain_n call_v dyganwy_n in_o rosse_n of_o the_o englishman_n gannock_n &_o â–ª_o famous_a in_o tacitus_n by_o the_o name_n of_o cangorum_fw-la whereof_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n be_v call_v of_o the_o roman_n cangi_n and_o ptolomaeus_n mention_v the_o promontory_n of_o the_o jangani_fw-la which_o they_o call_v now_o gogarth_n a_o place_n so_o fortify_v by_o nature_n that_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v take_v by_o man_n strength_n this_o city_n as_o i_o say_v be_v the_o seat_n and_o palace_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o britain_n when_o as_o now_o their_o power_n begin_v to_o quail_v as_o namely_o of_o maylgun_v caduanus_fw-la cadwalla_n who_o bede_n term_v a_o most_o cruel_a tyrant_n because_o he_o persecute_v his_o enemy_n very_o fierce_o and_o of_o cadwalladar_n who_o be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o britain_n of_o the_o british_a blood_n this_o city_n the_o year_n of_o our_o redemption_n eight_o hundred_o and_o sixteen_o cananus_n dyndaythuy_n reign_v in_o wales_n be_v strike_v with_o lighten_v from_o heaven_n and_o burn_v in_o such_o sort_n that_o it_o can_v never_o be_v afterward_o restore_v howbeit_o the_o name_n remain_v to_o the_o place_n to_o this_o day_n out_o oâ—_n who_o rubbish_n conovia_n be_v build_v lincoln_n moreover_o in_o this_o territory_n in_o rhyfaniacum_fw-la henry_n lacey_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n to_o who_o the_o conquer_v our_o thereof_o edward_n the_o first_o give_v that_o land_n erect_v a_o very_a stout_a castle_n not_o only_o by_o natural_a situation_n but_o also_o by_o a_o wall_n of_o wonderful_a thickness_n make_v of_o a_o very_a hard_a kind_n of_o stone_n in_o my_o opinion_n the_o strong_a and_o best_a defense_a thing_n in_o england_n add_v also_o thereto_o a_o town_n wall_v about_o which_o by_o the_o ancient_a name_n he_o call_v dynbech_n although_o those_o which_o come_v afterward_o term_v it_o denbigh_n this_o fine_a town_n and_o my_o sweet_a denbigh_n country_n be_v compass_v wellnigh_o about_o with_o very_o fair_a park_n &_o stand_v in_o the_o entrance_n of_o a_o exceed_a pleasant_a ualley_n abound_v plentiful_o with_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o use_n of_o man_n the_o hill_n yield_v flesh_n and_o white_a meat_n the_o most_o fertile_a ualley_n very_o good_a corn_n and_o grass_n the_o sweet_a river_n with_o the_o sea_n at_o hand_n minister_v all_o sort_n of_o fish_n and_o foul_a strange_a wynes_z come_v thither_o forth_o of_o spain_n france_n &_o greece_n abundant_o and_o be_v the_o chief_n town_n of_o the_o shire_n stand_v in_o the_o very_o middle_a of_o the_o country_n it_o be_v a_o great_a market_n town_n famous_a and_o much_o frequent_v with_o ware_n and_o people_n from_o all_o part_n of_o north-wales_n the_o indweller_n have_v the_o use_n of_o both_o tongue_n and_o be_v endue_v by_o king_n of_o england_n with_o many_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n be_v rule_v by_o their_o own_o law_n the_o valley_n nigh_o whereto_o this_o town_n stand_v be_v term_v amongst_o we_o dyphryn_n clwyd_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o ualley_n of_o clwyd_n it_o be_v almost_o eighteen_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o in_o breadth_n in_o some_o place_n four_o mile_n in_o other_o some_o six_o on_o the_o east_n west_n and_o south_n side_n it_o be_v environ_v with_o high_a hill_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o ocean_n sea._n in_o the_o midst_n it_o be_v cut_v in_o twain_o by_o the_o river_n clwyd_n whereof_o it_o take_v name_n into_o who_o diverse_a other_o little_a stream_n fall_a out_o of_o the_o hill_n do_v discharge_v themselves_o by_o reason_n whereof_o irriguous_a and_o pleasant_a meadow_n &_o plentiful_a pasture_n do_v lie_v about_o the_o bank_n thereof_o in_o the_o entrance_n of_o which_o ualley_n ruthyn_n a_o ancient_a town_n and_o castle_n of_o the_o gray_n from_o gray_n whence_o the_o most_o noble_a family_n among_o the_o englishman_n take_v begin_v be_v to_o be_v see_v and_o not_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n stand_v rudhlan_n in_o tegengyl_n sometime_o a_o great_a town_n but_o now_o a_o little_a uyllage_n in_o the_o same_o province_n be_v a_o cathedral_n church_n of_o our_o country_n man_n call_v lhanel_n wey_n of_o the_o englishman_n s._n assaph_n build_v assaph_n between_o two_o river_n clwyd_n and_o elwey_n i_o remember_v that_o i_o have_v read_v that_o there_o be_v one_o elbodius_n arch_a elbodius_n bisâ—hoppe_n of_o north-wales_n prefer_v unto_o that_o honour_n by_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n who_o first_o of_o all_o the_o year_n of_o our_o salvation_n seven_o hundred_o three_o score_n and_o two_o reconcile_a the_o welshman_n to_o the_o romish_a church_n from_o which_o before_o they_o have_v disagree_v for_o the_o britain_n imitate_v the_o asiaticke_a church_n celebrate_v their_o easter_n from_o the_o fourteen_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n unto_o the_o twenty_o when_o the_o roman_n follow_v the_o nicene_n counsel_n keep_v their_o easter_n from_o the_o fifteen_o to_o the_o one_o and_o twenty_o whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o these_o nation_n have_v celebrate_v that_o feast_n on_o diverse_a sunday_n but_o let_v the_o bishop_n take_v regard_n how_o far_o they_o do_v err_v from_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o nicene_n counsel_n while_o they_o follow_v that_o uncertain_a rule_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o son_n and_o moon_n which_o they_o call_v the_o golden_a reprove_v number_n be_v therein_o very_o foul_o deceive_v which_o thing_n in_o time_n paste_v be_v object_v for_o a_o crime_n against_o the_o britain_n by_o the_o over_o superstitious_a mounke_n augustine_n and_o likewise_o by_o bede_n which_o to_o much_o attribute_v unto_o such_o title_n in_o somuch_o that_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n he_o dare_v term_v they_o heretic_n but_o now_o howbeit_o under_o curse_n of_o the_o nicene_n counsel_n it_o be_v otherwise_o command_v it_o be_v reject_v by_o the_o prelate_n themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a church_n of_o europe_n but_o let_v we_o return_v to_o our_o purpose_n in_o that_o place_n where_o the_o see_v of_o s._n assaph_n be_v be_v sometime_o a_o college_n of_o learned_a agonist_n that_o i_o may_v use_v capgraves_n word_n celebrate_v for_o multitude_n under_o centigeme_n a_o scot_n which_o be_v call_v elguense_a or_o eluense_a of_o a_o river_n this_o province_n tegenia_n be_v call_v of_o the_o latin_n igenia_n and_o after_o be_v vanquish_v by_o the_o englishman_n begin_v to_o be_v term_v tegengel_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o englishman_n tegenia_n afterwards_o be_v inhabit_v by_o britain_n cumminge_n forth_o of_o scotland_n &_o drive_v the_o englishman_n thence_o with_o the_o ualley_n of_o clwyd_n ruthyn_n and_o rosse_n make_v one_o kingdom_n which_o marianus_n call_v streudglead_v our_o countryman_n term_v it_o stradclwyd_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o soil_n of_o clwyd_n for_o this_o word_n strat_n with_o the_o name_n of_o some_o river_n join_v thereto_o do_v usual_o signify_v amongst_o the_o welsh_a man_n a_o vein_n or_o soil_n of_o land_n nigh_o to_o a_o river_n as_o strad_n alyn_n strad_n towyn_n with_o many_o such_o like_a their_o last_o prince_n call_v dunwallon_n forsake_v his_o kingdom_n dunwallon_n when_o the_o dane_n afflict_v all_o britain_n depart_v to_o rome_n the_o year_n after_o the_o incarnation_n 971._o where_o short_o after_o he_o die_v in_o tegenia_n be_v a_o well_o of_o a_o marvellous_a nature_n which_o be_v six_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o kilken_a ebb_v and_o flow_v twice_o in_o one_o day_n yet_o have_v i_o mark_v this_o of_o late_a when_o the_o moon_n ascend_v from_o the_o east_n horizon_n to_o the_o south_n at_o what_o time_n all_o sea_n do_v flow_v that_o then_o the_o water_n of_o this_o well_o diminish_v and_o ebb_v and_o not_o far_o from_o this_o place_n be_v the_o famous_a fountain_n take_v name_n of_o the_o superstitious_a worship_n of_o the_o well_o virgin_n winifred_n which_o boil_v up_o sudden_o out_o of_o a_o place_n which_o they_o call_v sychnant_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o dry_a valley_n raise_v forth_o of_o itself_o a_o great_a stream_n which_o run_v immediate_o into_o devanus_fw-la this_o water_n beside_o that_o it_o breed_v moss_n of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a savour_n be_v also_o most_o wholesome_a unto_o man_n body_n both_o for_o wash_v and_o drink_v and_o of_o very_o good_a taste_n in_o so_o much_o that_o many_o be_v wash_v therein_o be_v cure_v of_o diverse_a infirmity_n wherewith_o they_o be_v bear_v moreover_o in_o tegenia_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a ancient_a monument_n of_o a_o old_a building_n in_o a_o place_n call_v pot_n vary_n sometime_o renown_v by_o roman_a letter_n and_o arm_n the_o town_n which_o they_o call_v flynt_n stand_v upon_o the_o water_n flint_n deva_n be_v
by_o twine_n that_o thou_o do_v send_v to_o brutus_n his_o brood_n a_o labour_n sure_a that_o well_o deserve_v praise_n go_v show_v thyself_o to_o britanist_n who_o glory_n thou_o do_v raise_v finis_fw-la ¶_o lodowick_n lhuyd_v in_o praise_n of_o the_o author_n go_v on_o be_v bold_o thou_o little_a book_n sound_o forth_o thy_o author_n fame_n advance_v the_o travel_n try_v of_o he_o that_o christen_v first_o thy_o name_n thy_o state_n exile_v thy_o age_n unknown_a thy_o line_n that_o long_o be_v lose_v be_v now_o return_v and_o know_v again_o in_o ancient_a britain_n cost_v from_o scythia_n shore_n from_o phrigia_n field_n where_o long_o thyself_o have_v lie_v from_o rage_a rock_n and_o craze_a crag_n thou_o be_v come_v home_o again_o thy_o patron_n grand_a and_o ancient_a sire_n aeneas_n trojan_a stout_a do_v never_o toil_n on_o land_n and_o sea_n as_o thou_o have_v range_v about_o from_o mountain_n high_a whereto_o thyself_o alone_o waste_v wont_a to_o talk_v lhuid_n teach_v thy_o step_n to_o tread_v in_o court_n with_o prince_n wise_a to_o walk_v if_o then_o solinus_n merit_v fame_n that_o caesar_n stirpe_fw-la have_v pen_v the_o same_o aught_o lhuyd_v of_o right_a to_o claim_v that_o brutus_n line_n defend_v if_o curtius_n be_v advauncde_v on_o high_a alexander_n fame_n to_o feed_v then_o well_o aught_o lhuyd_v commend_v be_v to_o honour_n hector_n seed_n what_o praise_n have_v livi_fw-la then_o in_o rome_n or_o herodot_n in_o greece_n that_o praise_n ought_v never_o humphrey_n lhuyd_v in_o native_a soil_n to_o lose_v who_o be_v alive_a can_v argos_n make_v with_o sugar_a talk_n t_o 〈…〉_o e_o and_o now_o be_v dead_a 〈…〉_o t_o argos_n make_v with_o hundred_o eye_n to_o weep_v who_o though_o his_o corpse_n be_v clothe_v in_o clay_n â–ª_o in_o moulder_a dust_n to_o lie_v in_o spite_n of_o parca_n yet_o his_o fame_n do_v scale_v the_o empire_n sky_n and_o though_o that_o age_n out_o live_v youth_n yet_o death_n do_v age_n exile_n though_o fame_n survive_v death_n again_o yet_o time_n do_v fame_n defile_v so_o youth_n to_o age_n and_o age_n to_o death_n and_o death_n to_o fame_n in_o field_n and_o fame_n to_o time_n and_o time_n to_o god_o this_o lhuyd_v know_v well_o to_o yield_v sith_o than_o he_o find_v misenus_n trump_n to_o sound_v again_o the_o fame_n that_o once_o be_v win_v and_o then_o be_v lose_v extol_v each_o one_o his_o name_n and_o give_v he_o then_o his_o due_a desert_n enrol_v his_o noble_a mind_n that_o first_o have_v teach_v his_o countryman_n their_o country_n state_n to_o find_v finis_fw-la laurence_n twine_v to_o his_o brother_n tho._n twine_v in_o praise_n of_o his_o translation_n all_o that_o which_o learn_v lhuyd_v of_o late_a in_o latin_a do_v indite_v of_o britain_n race_n their_o ancient_a state_n their_o guise_n and_o country_n rite_n loe_o now_o in_o english_a tongue_n by_o true_a report_n and_o cunning_n skill_n twine_n have_v set_v forth_o the_o unlearned_a sort_n their_o pleasure_n to_o fulfil_v wherein_o who_o listen_v to_o look_v with_o heed_n straight_o britain_n state_n shall_v know_v and_o wherewithal_o this_o noble_a land_n in_o ancient_a time_n do_v flow_v lhuyd_n pain_n be_v much_o in_o latin_a stile_n which_o write_v the_o same_o before_o but_o brother_n sure_a in_o my_o conceit_n thou_o thank_n deserve_v more_o of_o britain_n and_o of_o british_a soil_n which_o make_v they_o understand_v a_o thing_n more_o meet_a i_o think_v for_o they_o then_o for_o a_o foreign_a land_n wherein_o as_o thou_o by_o toil_n have_v win_v the_o spur_n and_o praise_n get_v so_o reap_v deserve_v thank_n of_o those_o for_o who_o thou_o brak_v the_o knot_n finis_fw-la john_n twine_v to_o the_o reader_n of_o his_o brother_n translation_n as_o they_o of_o all_o most_o praise_n deserve_v that_o first_o with_o pen_n do_v show_v to_o we_o the_o sacred_a law_n of_o god_n whereby_o his_o will_n we_o know_v so_o many_o thank_n be_v due_a to_o those_o that_o beat_v their_o busy_a brain_n to_o let_v we_o learn_v our_o earthly_a state_n in_o which_o we_o here_o remain_v among_o the_o rest_n that_o ever_o write_v none_o have_v of_o we_o deserve_v like_o praise_n to_o lhuyd_v who_o lo_o his_o foil_n have_v here_o to_o we_o prefer_v wherein_o thou_o may_v the_o whole_a estate_n of_o this_o our_o native_a land_n what_o so_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v know_v by_o read_v understand_v and_o cause_n the_o author_n wroate_fw-mi the_o same_o in_o tongue_n enstrangd_v to_o some_o twine_n have_v it_o teach_v the_o english_a phrase_n in_o which_o it_o erst_o be_v dumb_a accept_v it_o well_o and_o when_o thou_o read_v if_o ought_v thereby_o thou_o gain_v for_o recompense_n yield_v thy_o good_a will_n to_o he_o that_o take_v the_o pain_n finis_fw-la a_o table_n contain_v the_o principal_a matter_n entreat_v of_o in_o this_o book_n large_o digest_v into_o the_o alphabetical_a order_fw-fr as_o follow_v aestiones_n fo._n 52_o albania_n whence_o so_o call_v 49_o describe_v 47._o albion_n why_o so_o term_v 4_o anglysey_n in_o wales_n 57_o animosity_n of_o britain_n 62._o their_o ancient_a manner_n 61_o arfon_n 64_o aron_n martyr_n where_o bury_v 82_o attacotti_n inhabitor_n of_o albania_n of_o scottish_a original_a 45_o augustine_n the_o monk_n 13._o his_o intolerable_a arrogancy_n 71_o b_o bardi_n 7_o bath_n how_o of_o old_a time_n term_v 18_o bedfordshyremen_n 24_o benbroche_o 78_o bernhard_n of_o newmercate_n 83_o bernicia_n 28_o boadicia_n or_o bunduica_n a_o valiant_a queâ—â—_n 85._o 89_o bodotua_n 48_o boëthius_n reprove_v 21._o 24._o 33._o 38._o 49._o 81._o bogwelth_n or_o buellt_n 83_o brecknock_n 83._o by_o what_o englishman_n first_o subdue_v ibidem_fw-la brennus_n who_o son_n and_o brother_n 53_o why_o he_o slay_v himself_o 54._o what_o language_n his_o soldier_n use_v 54._o his_o court_n or_o palace_n 72._o be_v a_o perfect_a britain_n 53_o brenni_n where_o they_o dwell_v 55_o brigant_n be_v never_o in_o scotland_n 30._o their_o city_n name_n 29_o britain_n why_o so_o name_v 8._o how_o divide_v ibid._n the_o etymology_n thereof_o 8_o britain_n the_o less_o or_o the_o second_o 35_o britain_n the_o first_o second_o three_o and_o four_o 35_o britain_n how_o they_o celebrate_v easter_n 67._o their_o ualiencie_n 69_o british_a name_n corrupt_v by_o the_o romans_z 5_o briton_n nigh_o france_n 10_o brustius_n cruelty_n 83._o his_o miserable_a death_n ibidem_fw-la bristol_n 18_o buckynghamshiremen_n 24_o c_o cadevenna_n 73_o caesar_n what_o he_o term_v a_o city_n 32_o caerbro_n castle_n in_o the_o wight_n 17_o caer_n andr_v by_o who_o overthrow_v 15_o caerlile_n 47_o calais_n 14_o cambria_n why_o so_o call_v 49_o cambra_n 53_o cambridge_n 23_o camalodunum_n 21_o camudolanum_n ibidem_fw-la cangorum_fw-la where_o it_o stand_v 66_o cantimanduas_fw-la treason_n 34_o cantorbury_n why_o so_o call_v 15._o metropolitan_a of_o england_n and_o wales_n ibid._n caradoc_n describe_v 33_o cardigan_n 75_o castle_n of_o clun_n 34_o castle_n of_o dover_n 14_o castle_n of_o emlyn_n 79_o castle_n of_o lion._n 70_o cataracus_n where_o he_o â—aught_v with_o ostorius_n 34_o catguilia_n 79_o ceretica_n describe_v 75._o 79_o chepstow_n 81_o chester_n 27_o chichester_n 16_o cicester_n 19_o city_n of_o legion_n 82_o city_n of_o brigant_n 29_o clun_n castle_n 24_o commendation_n of_o the_o bath_n at_o bath_n 18_o conovia_n by_o who_o build_v 65_o cornish_n &_o welshmen_n one_o nation_n 18_o cornwall_n 17_o crneltie_n of_o brustius_n 83_o cumberland_n by_o who_o in_o old_a time_n in_o habit_v 30_o cymbri_n 15_o d_o danes_n come_v in_o 13_o danica_n sylva_n 74_o dannij_fw-la 30_o david_n how_o term_v in_o british_a 77._o translate_v the_o bishopric_n to_o meneve_v ib._n death_n of_o brennus_n 54_o death_n of_o brustius_n 83_o deheubarth_n 74._o why_o worse_o than_o gwynedh_n 75_o deera_o in_o old_a time_n call_v brigantia_n 30._o 28_o demetia_n 77_o denbigh_n 66._o describe_v ibidem_fw-la devani_n 26._o how_o call_v of_o old_a by_o the_o rom._n ibi_fw-la description_n of_o albania_n 47_o description_n of_o cambria_n 49_o description_n of_o caradoc_n city_n 35_o description_n of_o ceretica_n 75._o 79._o description_n of_o denbygh_a 66._o description_n of_o tegenia_n or_o igenia_n 68_o description_n of_o wales_n 62_o division_n of_o britain_n 9_o division_n of_o england_n 12_o division_n of_o wales_n 62_o division_n of_o venodotia_n 64_o division_n be_v dangerous_a 93_o dorchester_n 24_o doruentani_fw-la why_o so_o call_v 27_o dover_n 14_o dover_n castle_n by_o who_o build_v 14_o druid_n 42_o dunetus_n abbot_n 71_o dunwallon_n forsake_v his_o kingdom_n 68_o diverse_a king_n possessâ—_n diverse_a part_n of_o wales_n 63_o e_o edward_n the_o first_o enter_v wales_n 58_o edinburgh_n by_o who_o build_v 48_o egbert_n first_o monarch_n of_o lohëgr_n 19_o eluyl_n 74_o elbodius_n archbishop_n of_o north-wales_n 67_o emlyn_n castle_n 79_o england_n divide_v 12._o by_o who_o first_o so_o call_v
13_z englishman_n whence_o descend_v 12_o earl_n of_o glocestre_n 58_o etymology_n of_o britain_n 8_o etymology_n of_o gaulle_a 56_o euboniae_fw-la 49_o example_n of_o god_n judgement_n 69_o exeter_n 17_o fletcher_n family_n of_o stuarts_n in_o scotland_n 34_o family_n of_o gray_n in_o england_n 67_o family_n of_o fitzalane_n 72_o flavia_n 35_o flemmyng_n drive_v out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n what_o place_n they_o possess_v 57_o flint_n town_n 69_o forest_n of_o deane_n 74_o franci_n whence_o suppose_v to_o have_v spring_v 53._o france_n bound_v 56_o g_o gadini_n 47_o gloucester_n by_o who_o build_v 19_o golden_a number_a confute_v &_o reject_v 68_o gwynedh_n 58._o whence_o the_o king_n thereof_o so_o call_v 64_o grancestre_n 23_o gyldas_n reprove_v 93_o gyldo_n 42_o gylford_n 16_o gyllus_n usurper_n 42_o h_o hamo_fw-la with_o he_o twelve_o knight_n 80_o haste_v 93_o hebrides_n 49_o hengiscus_fw-la send_v against_o the_o scot_n and_o redshank_n 12_o henry_n the_o second_o vanquish_v 92_o henry_n the_o four_o 59_o henry_n the_o seven_o ib._n henry_n the_o eight_o 60_o henry_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n build_v a_o castle_n 66_o herald_n last_o king_n of_o danish_a blood_n 25_o hereford_n where_o it_o lie_v 74_o her_v take_v 65_o hibernenses_n afterward_o call_v scot_n 44_o hierome_n russelle_n reprove_v 28_o hierhaut_n and_o hierhautrye_n by_o welsh_a man_n diligent_o retain_v 7_o holt._n 70_o hopa_n 72_o how_o many_o city_n so_o many_o kingdom_n in_o britain_n 32_o huntingtonshire_n â—4_o i_o iceni_n what_o region_n they_o inhabit_v 23_o idiom_n or_o propriety_n of_o the_o british_a tongue_n 3_o jernaei_fw-la 4_o land_n about_o anglysea_n 64_o ilcestre_n 18_o irishman_n call_v afterward_o scots_n 44_o irland_n 49._o by_o who_o first_o endue_v with_o christianity_n 63_o julius_n the_o martyr_n where_o bury_v 82_o king_n kennethus_n king_n of_o scot_n 38_o kent_n 14_o kynton_n 74_o king_n of_o england_n elder_a son_n prince_n of_o wales_n 59_o king_n arthur_n 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ten_o thousand_o roman_n and_o be_v return_v back_o again_o self_n and_o sound_n before_o suetonius_n come_v as_o tacitus_n avouch_v and_o that_o their_o rage_n extend_v not_o unto_o london_n the_o cause_n be_v as_o the_o same_o author_n report_v for_o that_o london_n be_v a_o colony_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o a_o great_a mart_n city_n of_o they_o famous_a for_o plenty_n of_o travailer_n which_o resort_v thither_o for_o traâ—aque_v of_o merchandise_n abound_v with_o victual_n and_o stout_o defense_v with_o munition_n and_o garrison_n against_o all_o adventure_n as_o all_o man_n do_v know_v hereby_o it_o appear_v how_o weak_a polydorus_n argument_n be_v especial_o who_o so_o well_o know_v that_o part_n of_o england_n and_o that_o london_n be_v the_o city_n trinovantum_fw-la which_o be_v afterward_o call_v augusta_n as_o marcellinus_n report_v with_o these_o reason_n be_v sufficient_o instruct_v i_o say_v that_o the_o trinobantes_n inhabit_v that_o part_n of_o britain_n which_o after_o 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stand_v not_o far_o from_o the_o thames_n in_o which_o place_n ptolomaeus_n place_v camudolanun_n and_o i_o suppose_v that_o this_o be_v the_o colony_n of_o claudius_n cesar_n famous_a for_o the_o church_n which_o they_o call_v now_o colchestre_n the_o old_a name_n colchestre_fw-fr be_v make_v as_o i_o think_v by_o join_v the_o water_n and_o the_o church_n together_o a_o common_a custom_n among_o the_o britain_n as_o henlhan_n that_o be_v a_o old_a church_n lhanelwy_a a_o church_n stand_v upon_o the_o river_n elguen_n or_o the_o church_n elguen_n which_o the_o englishman_n and_o bishop_n now_o a_o day_n call_v but_o not_o well_o the_o see_v of_o s._n asaphe_n beside_o a_o infinite_a number_a more_o whereby_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o those_o place_n which_o in_o latin_a begin_v or_o end_n in_o these_o termination_n lan_n or_o lam_n be_v of_o old_a so_o term_v of_o church_n in_o the_o british_n tongue_n moreover_o out_o of_o this_o place_n of_o dion_n it_o be_v gather_v how_o much_o a_o man_n without_o shame_n that_o polydorus_n virgillius_fw-la be_v who_o doubt_v not_o to_o affirm_v reprove_v that_o claudius_n caesar_n vanquish_v the_o britain_n without_o any_o battle_n &_o most_o imputent_o call_v they_o dastard_n who_o caesar_n himself_o tacitus_n dion_n &_o herodian_a term_v by_o these_o name_n most_o warlike_a cruel_a bloodthirsty_a impatient_a both_o of_o bondage_n &_o injury_n but_o a_o infamous_a beggage_n groom_n full_o fraught_v with_o envy_n &_o hatred_n what_o dare_v he_o not_o do_v or_o say_v i_o omit_v his_o schoolmaster_n boethius_n who_o beside_o these_o lie_n speak_v of_o a_o mighty_a war_n which_o claudius_n make_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o the_o orchades_n affirm_v the_o same_o to_o be_v true_a too_o too_o impudent_o for_o thou_o may_v easy_o judge_v good_a reader_n how_o much_o land_n and_o sea_n the_o roman_a emperor_n with_o a_o great_a army_n can_v march_v over_o in_o xuj_o day_n only_o during_o which_o time_n he_o abide_v in_o britain_n when_o tacitus_n also_o a_o most_o faithful_a writer_n affirm_v that_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o agricola_n the_o island_n of_o britain_n be_v know_v and_o the_o isle_n call_v orchades_n be_v orchades_n then_o unknown_a but_o first_o find_v out_o and_o subdue_v by_o he_o this_o dion_n testify_v to_o be_v true_a in_o the_o life_n of_o titus_n the_o emperor_n neither_o speak_v suetonius_n against_o it_o where_o he_o say_v that_o claudius_n tarry_v in_o britain_n but_o a_o very_a few_o day_n howbeit_o eutropius_n and_o after_o he_o orosius_n seem_v to_o think_v otherwise_o not_o know_v exact_o how_o far_o distant_a the_o orchades_n be_v from_o kent_n but_o since_o reason_n and_o truth_n certain_o persuade_v we_o to_o the_o contrary_a let_v we_o stick_v unto_o they_o as_o unto_o two_o most_o faithful_a guide_n neglect_v the_o judgement_n of_o polydorus_n with_o his_o hector_n next_o to_o the_o trinovante_n be_v the_o iceni_n who_o i_o suppose_v to_o have_v inhabit_v that_o region_n which_o make_v the_o five_o kingdom_n of_o german_n which_o be_v the_o east_n englisman_n and_o their_o city_n venta_n which_o now_o of_o the_o englishman_n be_v call_v northweâ—_n and_o i_o be_o privy_a also_o northwey_n that_o there_o be_v think_v to_o be_v other_o iceni_n in_o the_o west_n but_o i_o think_v it_o more_o probable_a that_o these_o iceni_n be_v put_v for_o tigeni_n of_o who_o i_o will_v speak_v hereafter_o and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o east_n englishmen_n comprehend_v not_o only_o the_o iceni_n but_o also_o cambridgshyre_n who_o chief_a city_n in_o old_a time_n the_o britain_n call_v grantcester_n caërgrawnt_v the_o englishman_n grantcester_n of_o the_o water_n that_o pass_v high_a but_o now_o corrupt_o be_v common_o call_v cambridge_n cambridge_n and_o be_v a_o noble_a university_n wherein_o flourish_v all_o good_a learning_n willow_n not_o far_o of_o be_v the_o isle_n of_o wyllowe_n not_o of_o eel_n as_o some_o have_v write_v for_o helig_v
call_v in_o latin_a deva_n of_o the_o river_n which_o we_o term_v dourdowy_a to_o say_v the_o water_n of_o dee_n the_o englishman_n call_v it_o legancestre_n and_o afterward_o clip_a chester_n the_o name_v short_a call_v it_o chester_n and_o the_o citizen_n do_v glory_n that_o they_o have_v the_o body_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o emperor_n who_o they_o affirm_v to_o have_v yield_v up_o the_o empire_n and_o have_v betake_v himself_o to_o a_o hermit_n life_n and_o so_o be_v they_o likewise_o persuade_v of_o herald_n who_o be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o danish_a blood_n more_o east_n from_o these_o be_v the_o doruentani_fw-la now_o derbishyremen_n so_o term_v of_o their_o cheifcitie_n dwrguent_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_z white_a water_n all_o these_o shire_n and_o convente_n with_o a_o great_a part_n of_o wales_n as_o far_o as_o the_o renown_a ditch_n of_o king_n offa_n of_o which_o we_o will_v speak_v hereafter_o make_v up_o the_o six_o kingdom_n of_o english_a saxon_n in_o britain_n which_o of_o the_o river_n merse_n be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o mercij_fw-la or_o march._n here_o now_o i_o can_v sufficient_o marvel_v how_o wolfangus_fw-la lazius_n a_o man_n excellent_o learn_v and_o very_o well_o deserve_v of_o all_o that_o be_v studious_a of_o antiquity_n in_o his_o great_a work_n of_o the_o migration_n of_o nation_n shall_v be_v so_o much_o deceive_v as_o to_o say_v that_o the_o mertij_fw-la or_o people_n of_o march_n be_v marcomanni_n and_o the_o their_o king_n penda_n offa_n with_o all_o the_o rest_n reign_v in_o the_o low_a germany_n be_v most_o evident_a in_o all_o history_n that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o such_o kingdom_n there_o and_o that_o these_o king_n &_o people_n who_o he_o affirm_v to_o have_v dwell_v in_o germany_n inhabit_v that_o country_n of_o britain_n which_o we_o now_o describe_v likewise_o while_o he_o endeavour_v to_o link_v together_o the_o discentes_fw-la and_o pedigree_n of_o the_o norman_a blood_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o handle_v they_o so_o confuse_o &_o so_o far_o beside_o truth_n that_o it_o seem_v he_o never_o read_v either_o the_o name_n or_o order_n or_o deed_n of_o the_o king_n but_o it_o be_v rather_o likely_a that_o he_o learn_v they_o by_o hearsay_n of_o some_o babble_a unlearned_a fool_n that_o have_v no_o regard_n of_o his_o good_a same_o or_o honesty_n as_o a_o neither_o have_v â—oone_o of_o late_a day_n a_o man_n famous_o learn_v in_o the_o mathematics_n in_o his_o geographical_a chart_n of_o this_o island_n and_o beside_o these_o hieromus_fw-la ruscellus_n in_o his_o ptolomaeus_n late_o print_v at_o venice_n while_o he_o go_v about_o to_o set_v forth_o new_a name_n correspondent_a to_o the_o old_a confound_v place_n a_o hundred_o mile_n distant_a one_o from_o another_o namely_o error_n colchester_n and_o wynchester_n neither_o in_o other_o place_n be_v his_o gheass_n any_o thing_n more_o certain_a wherefore_o i_o exhort_v man_n not_o to_o trust_v he_o in_o this_o behalf_n there_o remain_v the_o seven_o and_o last_o kingdom_n of_o saxon_n in_o england_n which_o they_o term_v nordan_n humbrorum_fw-la because_o it_o stand_v at_o the_o northecoast_n of_o humber_n the_o same_o be_v afterward_o divide_v into_o two_o kyngedome_n of_o the_o deer_n and_o bernice_n the_o kingdom_n of_o deera_fw-mi contain_v all_o the_o country_n from_o humbre_a and_o trent_n to_o the_o river_n tyssa_n bernicia_n reach_v from_o tyssa_n to_o the_o scottish_a sea_n which_o they_o call_v now_o fyrthew_n the_o britain_n term_v this_o same_o brennich_n &_o the_o other_o deifyr_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o region_n especial_o south_n ward_n be_v call_v snotyngomenses_n but_o now_o most_o common_o notingamshiremen_n next_o unto_o these_o be_v yorkeshyreman_n who_o of_o the_o roman_n be_v call_v brigant_n of_o who_o tacitus_n write_v thus_o petilius_n caerealis_n fight_v many_o bataile_n whereof_o some_o be_v not_o unbloody_a against_o the_o city_n of_o the_o brigant_n which_o be_v report_v to_o be_v the_o place_n of_o resort_n to_o the_o whole_a populous_a province_n and_o obtain_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o brigant_n either_o by_o victory_n or_o else_o by_o fight_n all_o these_o the_o li_a champion_n of_o the_o scottish_a name_n hector_n boëthius_n stick_v not_o to_o put_v into_o his_o gallovidia_fw-la and_o to_o prove_v the_o same_o by_o argument_n gather_v out_o of_o ptolomaeus_n and_o tacitus_n but_o how_o much_o ptolomaeus_n be_v deceive_v trust_v to_o the_o report_n of_o other_o in_o describe_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o place_n in_o britain_n for_o he_o write_v that_o scotland_n lie_v forth_o to_o the_o east_n &_o that_o the_o far_a promontory_n thereof_o be_v viij_o degree_n more_o easterly_a than_o any_o place_n of_o england_n which_o in_o this_o paralelle_n do_v make_v about_o 240_o mile_n which_o be_v altogether_o untrue_a sing_v england_n stand_v more_o to_o the_o east_n then_o scotlandeâ—â—the_v â—â—the_z be_v as_o clear_v as_o day_n light_n to_o all_o those_o that_o have_v taste_v of_o cosmography_n but_o ptolomaeus_n be_v to_o be_v pardon_v be_v excuse_v a_o egyptian_a bear_v and_o excellent_o well_o learn_v in_o mathematicals_n who_o have_v do_v the_o best_a he_o can_v but_o not_o foolish_a and_o impudent_a boëthius_n bear_v and_o bring_v up_o no_o far_o of_o than_o scotland_n he_o speak_v thus_o of_o tacitus_n that_o he_o be_v a_o grave_a author_n affirm_v that_o the_o brigant_n be_v a_o spanish_a brood_n dwell_v in_o a_o far_a corner_n of_o britain_n far_a than_o any_o dare_v avouch_v that_o at_o his_o time_n the_o britain_n have_v pass_v oh_o impudent_a face_n where_o about_o do_v tacitus_n speak_v thus_o of_o the_o brigant_n he_o seem_v to_o derive_v the_o siluri_n by_o a_o colour_n from_o the_o spanish_a brood_n because_o they_o lie_v over_o against_o spain_n gallovida_fw-la be_v far_a from_o spain_n then_o any_o region_n of_o england_n or_o wales_n and_o that_o in_o tacitus_n time_n the_o brigant_n be_v first_o know_v to_o the_o roman_n i_o confess_v it_o but_o he_o find_v it_o not_o in_o tacitus_n and_o not_o mindful_a of_o himself_o as_o it_o behove_v a_o liar_n to_o be_v he_o call_v not_o to_o remembrance_n that_o he_o write_v in_o another_o place_n that_o claudius_n the_o emperor_n adjoin_v also_o unto_o his_o empire_n the_o orchades_n which_o lie_v beyond_o scotland_n but_o let_v we_o bid_v faithless_a hector_n a_o dieu_fw-fr and_o let_v we_o now_o also_o see_v what_o the_o ancient_a writer_n have_v write_v of_o the_o brigant_n ptolomaeus_n recite_v the_o city_n brigant_n of_o brigant_n eboracum_n epiacum_n calatum_n bimonium_fw-la caturactonium_n rhigodunum_n isurium_n olicana_n with_o other_o all_o man_n know_v that_o eboracum_n be_v that_o city_n which_o the_o britain_n call_v caër_fw-la efroc_n the_o englishman_n euerwyke_v and_o now_o short_a york_n of_o the_o rest_n we_o do_v york_n but_o conjecture_n as_o bimonium_n to_o be_v bincestre_n calatum_n which_o antoninus_n and_o bede_n call_v calcaria_n to_o be_v helicastre_n now_o tadcastre_n rhigodunum_n rippon_n and_o olicana_n haligfex_fw-la and_o that_o isurium_n be_v call_v aldburg_n there_o be_v never_o any_o man_n that_o dream_v that_o these_o city_n be_v in_o scotland_n but_o antoninê°_n ascribe_v they_o to_o the_o brigant_n &_o place_v they_o in_o the_o way_n which_o lead_v to_o london_n from_o the_o ually_n praetorium_n for_o that_o there_o be_v a_o valley_n from_o the_o river_n soluathianus_fw-la to_o the_o mouth_n of_o tine_n all_o do_v know_v i_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o brigant_n be_v ever_o in_o scotland_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o remembrance_n of_o this_o name_n remain_v until_o this_o day_n amongst_o we_o for_o when_o we_o see_v any_o man_n not_o due_o obey_n law_n &_o commandment_n he_o we_o call_v chwaret_n brigans_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o that_o play_v the_o brigant_a and_o like_v as_o they_o be_v rebel_n against_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n so_o do_v he_o contemn_v the_o law_n of_o magistrate_n and_o of_o elder_n and_o sure_o i_o be_o of_o belief_n that_o all_o deera_fw-mi before_o time_n be_v call_v brigantia_n ptolomaeus_n place_v the_o vernicones_n and_o taiazalos_n between_o the_o river_n tine_n and_o tweed_n this_o country_n alone_o now_o refayn_v the_o name_n of_o northumberland_n when_o all_o northumberland_n the_o region_n before_o time_n from_o that_o river_n to_o the_o scotish_n sea_n be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n for_o there_o be_v no_o river_n in_o all_o britain_n that_o have_v the_o name_n of_o humbre_fw-mi but_o only_o the_o water_n into_o who_o many_o notable_a stream_n do_v flow_v whereby_o our_o friend_n m._n leland_n not_o with_o out_o good_a cause_n suppose_v that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v call_v aber_n which_o among_o the_o britain_n signify_v a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n either_o swiftness_n or_o fall_v of_o any_o
know_v not_o only_o to_o be_v the_o head_n of_o tegenia_n but_o also_o the_o whole_a shire_n after_o the_o description_n of_o gwynedh_n powisia_n let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o powy_n the_o second_o kingdom_n of_o wales_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o german_a altisiodorensis_n which_o preach_v sometime_o there_o against_o pelagius_n heresy_n be_v of_o power_n â–ª_o as_o be_v gather_v out_o of_o his_o life_n the_o king_n whereof_o as_o be_v there_o read_v because_o he_o refuse_v â–ª_o to_o hear_v that_o good_a man_n by_o the_o secret_a and_o terrible_a judgement_n of_o god_n with_o his_o palace_n and_o all_o his_o household_n be_v swallow_v up_o into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o that_o place_n whereas_o not_o far_o from_o oswastry_n be_v now_o a_o stand_v water_n of_o a_o unknown_a depth_n call_v lhunclys_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o devour_n of_o the_o palace_n and_o there_o be_v many_o church_n find_v in_o the_o fame_n province_n dedicate_v to_o the_o name_n of_o german_a the_o city_n of_o schreusbury_n in_o old_a time_n be_v the_o prince_n seat_n of_o this_o kingdom_n but_o when_o the_o englishman_n have_v take_v it_o it_o be_v translate_v to_o mathraval_a a_o place_n five_o mile_n from_o pole_n of_o powy_n this_o region_n have_v on_o the_o northside_n gwynedh_n on_o the_o east_n from_o chestre_n unto_o herford_n england_n on_o the_o south_n &_o west_n the_o river_n wey_n and_o very_o high_a hill_n whereby_o it_o be_v disjoin_v from_o southwales_n and_o because_o the_o land_n be_v plain_a and_o near_o to_o england_n and_o much_o vex_v with_o continual_a war_n by_o englishman_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o norman_n this_o part_n of_o wales_n do_v first_o experiment_n the_o yoke_n of_o english_a subjection_n which_o brood_v stout_a man_n and_o such_o who_o nature_n can_v not_o abide_v to_o be_v at_o rest_n but_o give_v to_o murder_n and_o excursion_n not_o only_o procure_v infinite_a trouble_n unto_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o wrought_v also_o great_a injury_n unto_o their_o neighbour_n the_o welshman_n but_o afterward_o be_v part_v between_o two_o brother_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o britain_n it_o begin_v to_o wax_v weak_a and_o the_o part_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o northside_n of_o tanat_n murnia_n and_o severn_v befall_v unto_o madoc_n whereof_o it_o be_v call_v powy_n fadoc_n the_o other_o part_n come_v both_o in_o name_n and_o possession_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n the_o first_o lose_v the_o name_n of_o powy_n for_o be_v subdue_v by_o the_o norman_n it_o come_v into_o the_o power_n and_o right_a of_o the_o conqueror_n the_o first_o region_n thereof_o mailor_n be_v divide_v into_o twain_o by_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi namely_o the_o saxon_a and_o welsh_a whereof_o the_o first_o appertain_v unto_o flyntshyre_n and_o the_o other_o unto_o denbyghshyre_n in_o the_o which_o stand_v the_o castle_n of_o lion_n lion._n now_o common_o call_v holt._n and_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o be_v see_v the_o rubbish_n and_o relic_n of_o the_o most_o notable_a and_o famous_a monastery_n of_o banchor_n while_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o britain_n flourish_v in_o the_o same_o be_v two_o thousand_o &_o one_o hundred_o monk_n very_o well_o order_v &_o learned_a and_o divide_v into_o seven_o sort_n daily_o serve_v god_n among_o who_o those_o which_o be_v simple_a and_o unlearned_a by_o their_o handy_a labour_n provide_v meat_n and_o drink_v and_o apparel_n for_o the_o learned_a and_o such_o as_o apply_v their_o study_n and_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v remain_v they_o divide_v it_o unto_o the_o poor_a that_o place_n have_v send_v forth_o many_o hundred_o of_o excellent_o well_o learned_a man_n amongst_o who_o it_o have_v also_o vomit_v forth_o to_o the_o world_n the_o most_o detestable_a archeheretick_n pelagius_n and_o afterward_o through_o pelagius_n the_o envy_n and_o malice_n of_o augustine_n not_o the_o bishop_n of_o hippo_n but_o the_o most_o arrogant_a monk_n and_o the_o most_o cruel_a execution_n of_o his_o minister_fw-fr ethelfrede_fw-la worthy_a man_n of_o far_o more_o perfect_a order_fw-fr than_o he_o be_v of_o be_v make_v away_o and_o deed_n the_o whole_a house_n from_o the_o very_a foundation_n together_o with_o their_o most_o noble_a liberary_n more_o precious_a than_o gold_n be_v raise_v down_o and_o destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n it_o be_v overlong_o to_o repeat_v what_o moonk_a latin_a and_o british_a chronicle_n do_v report_n of_o the_o intolerable_a pride_n of_o this_o man_n for_o when_o he_o sit_v in_o his_o regal_a seat_n disdain_v to_o rise_v up_o unto_o the_o british_a bishop_n which_o come_v unto_o he_o humble_o and_o meek_o as_o it_o become_v christian_n to_o do_v they_o behold_v the_o same_o both_o judge_v and_o say_v that_o he_o be_v not_o the_o minister_fw-fr of_o y_fw-fr most_o gentle_a and_o meek_a lamb_n christ_n but_o of_o lucifer_n as_o they_o have_v learn_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n &_o so_o they_o depart_v home_o again_o for_o which_o contempt_n and_o reproach_n and_o partly_o also_o because_o they_o agree_v not_o in_o some_o point_v with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o cantorbury_n which_o he_o have_v appoint_v &_o with_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n he_o so_o stir_v the_o hate_n of_o the_o englishman_n against_o they_o that_o short_o after_o as_o i_o say_v by_o ethelfred_n through_o the_o aid_n and_o help_v of_o ethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n provoke_v thereto_o by_o augustine_n the_o mounkes_n which_o desire_v peace_n be_v most_o cruel_o slay_v and_o afterward_o the_o britain_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o brochwell_n king_n of_o powy_n be_v vanquish_v until_o that_o at_o length_n be_v aid_v with_o power_n from_o belthrusius_fw-la duke_n of_o cornwall_n caduane_a king_n of_o north-wales_n meredoc_n king_n of_o southwales_n and_o hearten_v forward_o by_o the_o oration_n of_o their_o most_o learned_a abbot_n dunetus_n dunetus_n who_o command_v as_o our_o chronacles_n report_n that_o every_o one_o shall_v kiss_v the_o ground_n in_o remembrance_n of_o place_n the_o communion_n of_o the_o body_n of_o our_o lord_n &_o shall_v take_v up_o water_n in_o their_o hand_n forth_o of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o drink_v it_o in_o commemoration_n of_o the_o most_o sacred_a blood_n of_o christ_n which_o be_v shed_v for_o they_o who_o have_v so_o communicate_v they_o overcome_v the_o saxon_n in_o a_o famous_a battle_n and_o slay_v of_o they_o as_o huntyngton_n write_v a_o thousand_o threescore_o and_o six_o and_o create_v carduanus_fw-la their_o king_n in_o the_o city_n of_o legion_n next_o ensue_v yale_n and_o chyrk_n hilly_a country_n in_o this_o last_o stand_v that_o antique_a castle_n which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v call_v brennus_n palace_n and_o these_o appertain_v unto_o denbighshyre_n but_o more_o to_o the_o north_n be_v stradalin_n so_o name_v of_o the_o river_n alyn_n and_o hope_v of_o fluitenshire_n towards_o schreusbury_n lie_v fitzalane_n whittington_n and_o oswastrey_n a_o noble_a market_n and_o enwall_v round_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o fitzalane_n a_o most_o ancient_a family_n of_o england_n who_o inheritance_n it_o be_v and_o these_o belong_v unto_o schropshire_n above_o these_o in_o the_o west_n be_v the_o edeirnion_n man_n join_v now_o unto_o the_o merionydh_fw-mi man_n upon_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o all_o these_o at_o this_o present_n be_v call_v gwynedhij_fw-la or_o man_n of_o gwynedh_n for_o the_o name_n of_o the_o man_n of_o powis_n be_v perish_v amongst_o they_o the_o second_o region_n of_o powy_n contain_v the_o same_o province_n which_o now_o only_o enjoy_v the_o name_n of_o powy_n and_o sometime_o stretch_v very_o wide_a but_o now_o contain_v only_o three_o cantrede_n lie_v whole_o on_o the_o northside_n of_o the_o river_n severn_n which_o be_v the_o second_o river_n of_o severn_n britain_n fall_a from_o the_o high_a mountain_n of_o plymnonia_n and_o rise_v forth_o of_o the_o same_o head_n with_o wey_n and_o rhydwe_o and_o run_a throuhh_n arwistli_n and_o kedewen_v in_o powy_n make_v speed_n to_o schreusbury_n and_o so_o flow_v forward_o through_o brydgenorth_n worcestre_n and_o glocestre_n from_o which_o not_o far_o of_o it_o ebb_v and_o flow_v and_o between_o wales_n devonshyre_n and_o cornwall_n bear_v name_n of_o the_o severn_n sea._n our_o countryman_n term_v it_o hafren_n and_o not_o severn_v as_o the_o englishman_n do_v the_o chief_n town_n and_o king_n seat_n of_o powy_n call_v matrafal_n retain_v the_o ancient_a name_n howbeit_o the_o building_n be_v deface_v and_o wear_v and_o one_o mile_n from_o severn_n stand_v a_o town_n the_o only_a market_n of_o all_o that_o region_n of_o the_o englishman_n pole_n of_o the_o welshman_n call_v tralhung_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o town_n of_o the_o stand_v water_n so_o call_v of_o the_o lake_n whereto_o it_o be_v nigh_o where_o there_o stand_v aloft_o two_o castle_n build_v sometime_o by_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n this_o princedom_n come_v by_o
inheritance_n unto_o a_o woman_n call_v havisia_n who_o be_v marry_v unto_o one_o carleton_n a_o englishman_n make_v he_o lord_n of_o powis_n from_o which_o house_n at_o length_n it_o descend_v unto_o the_o gray_n in_o the_o north._n next_o unto_o that_o stand_v cadevenna_n a_o new_a town_n above_o who_o towards_o the_o rise_n of_o severn_n be_v arwistle_n and_o lhanidlos_n country_n well_o know_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o town_n and_o more_o by_o west_n and_o by_o north_n at_o the_o head_n of_o devey_n mouthuy_n now_o a_o portion_n of_o merionedh_n &_o kefelioc_n know_v by_o the_o town_n machaulhaith_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o severn_n beneath_o the_o region_n kerey_n there_o be_v a_o castle_n by_o a_o little_a town_n which_o welshman_n call_v trefaldwyn_n that_o be_v to_o say_v baldwyne_n town_n but_o the_o englishman_n term_v it_o mountgomer_n montgomery_n of_o the_o builder_n roger_n of_o mont_n gomer_n from_o this_o town_n all_o these_o region_n be_v join_v together_o be_v call_v montgomershyre_n a_o country_n brood_a sometime_o of_o noble_a horse_n now_o it_o send_v forth_o but_o few_o and_o by_o the_o forename_a roger_n and_o his_o son_n very_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a gentleman_n very_o sore_o afflict_v until_o that_o robert_n be_v accuse_v of_o high_a treason_n be_v enforce_v to_o fly_v his_o country_n the_o region_n be_v hilly_a and_o by_o reason_n of_o plentifulness_n of_o pasture_n very_o good_a for_o grasinge_v of_o cattle_n abound_v with_o many_o water_n and_o bring_a forth_o tall_a man_n very_o well_o favour_v much_o addict_v unto_o idleness_n and_o unprofitable_a game_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o you_o shall_v find_v many_o rich_a english_a farmer_n amongst_o they_o when_o as_o the_o landelordes_n themselves_o which_o will_v take_v no_o pain_n do_v become_v very_o poor_a these_o six_o shire_n namely_o anglysey_n aruon_n merionydh_n denbyghshyre_n fluitense_n and_o montgomershyre_n englishmen_n comprise_v under_o the_o name_n of_o north-wales_n there_o remain_v yet_o that_o part_n of_o powis_n which_o stretch_v sometime_o unto_o wey_n who_o first_o region_n take_v name_n of_o the_o river_n colunwy_n and_o of_o the_o castle_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o fitzalane_n next_o to_o melienyth_n and_o gurttrenion_n hilly_a country_n and_o at_o the_o south_n radenor_n call_v of_o the_o welshman_n maisifod_n head_n of_o the_o shire_n join_v unto_o these_o be_v the_o eluil_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o pain_n by_o wey_n which_o our_o country_n man_n call_v gwy_a beyond_o all_o these_o be_v prestene_n which_o we_o call_v s._n andrew_n prestenia_n church_n and_o kynton_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o huntingdon_n and_o upon_o themis_n of_o we_o call_v tefedioc_fw-la â–ª_o stand_v the_o fair_a town_n &_o castle_n of_o ludlaw_n in_o schreupshyre_n ludlaw_n in_o old_a time_n call_v dinav_n the_o work_n of_o roger_n montgomer_n and_o above_o that_o the_o castle_n of_o wigmore_n the_o patrimony_n of_o caâ—â—le_a the_o mortumar_n and_o at_o severn_n bridgenorth_n &_o beaude_o in_o old_a time_n very_o well_o know_v by_o the_o castle_n tyrhil_n â–ª_o and_o on_o the_o southwest_n side_n upon_o logus_fw-la which_o we_o call_v lhygwy_a on_o a_o pass_a fertile_a plain_n stand_v lhanlhieni_fw-la of_o the_o englishman_n lemstre_n and_o not_o far_o thence_o be_v the_o ancient_a city_n henfford_n that_o be_v to_o sayâ—_n a_o old_a way_n of_o englishman_n in_o old_a time_n call_v ferleg_n now_o hereford_n stand_a upon_o wey_n or_o more_o true_o upon_o gwy_n towards_o severn_n be_v maluern_n hill_n and_o in_o the_o very_a corner_n between_o severn_n and_o weigh_v not_o far_o from_o the_o town_n of_o rosse_n be_v that_o renown_a wood_n which_o of_o the_o dane_n be_v call_v the_o forest_n of_o deane_n these_o region_n with_o all_o herefordshyre_n beyond_o wey_n before_o they_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o englishman_n in_o old_a time_n be_v term_v in_o british_a euryeynnwc_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n eurnwyr_n of_o which_o name_n there_o remain_v yet_o some_o signification_n apparent_a in_o one_o place_n of_o herefordshire_n for_o that_o which_o the_o englishman_n call_v vrchenfeld_n the_o welshman_n call_v ergnig_n and_o afterward_o ergengel_n and_o no_o marvel_n since_o the_o least_o portion_n thereof_o retain_v now_o as_o i_o have_v say_v the_o name_n of_o powis_n there_o remain_v the_o thyrd_o kyngkingedome_n dehubarth_n of_o wales_n of_o the_o english_a call_v southwales_n of_o our_o countryman_n which_o inhabit_v the_o land_n deheubarth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o right_a or_o south_n part_n for_o so_o we_o use_v to_o term_v the_o south_n the_o same_o be_v whole_o compass_v with_o the_o irish_a sea_n the_o stream_n of_o severn_n and_o the_o river_n weigh_v and_o dyvei_n and_o although_o the_o country_n be_v very_o fertile_a &_o the_o land_n rich_a and_o far_o more_o big_a than_o gwynedh_n notwithstanding_o as_o gyraldus_n say_v it_o be_v count_v the_o d_o and_o that_o not_o only_o because_o vchelwyr_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o nobly_a &_o chief_a man_n refuse_v to_o obey_v their_o king_n but_o also_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o sea_n coast_n thereof_o be_v continual_o molest_v by_o the_o englishman_n norman_n &_o fleming_n whereby_o the_o prince_n be_v compel_v to_o forsake_v caer_fw-mi mardthyn_a his_o seat_n and_o to_o apoyncte_n the_o principal_a place_n of_o his_o regality_n at_o dinefur_n in_o cantremawr_n and_o although_o these_o prince_n be_v of_o great_a authority_n in_o wales_n yet_o after_o that_o rhesus_n the_o son_n rhesus_n of_o theodore_n the_o great_a be_v slay_v through_o the_o treason_n of_o his_o own_o man_n they_o be_v no_o long_o term_v duke_n nor_o prince_n but_o arglwydhi_n that_o be_v to_o say_v lord_n until_o at_o length_n through_o civil_a war_n by_o divide_v of_o their_o land_n amongst_o many_o and_o also_o by_o external_a while_o the_o englishman_n endeavour_v to_o possess_v all_o by_o force_n and_o craft_n they_o be_v so_o weaken_v that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o rhesus_n the_o son_n of_o griffith_n a_o very_a noble_a and_o valiant_a gentleman_n they_o lose_v both_o the_o authority_n and_o name_n of_o prince_n and_o lord_n now_o let_v we_o descend_v unto_o the_o description_n of_o the_o province_n whereof_o the_o first_o region_n which_o come_v to_o hand_n be_v that_o which_o gyraldus_n call_v ceretica_n our_o countryman_n ceredigion_n the_o englishman_n cardigan_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v cardigan_n as_o in_o all_o other_o that_o c_o and_o g_z have_v the_o force_n of_o cappa_fw-la &_o gamma_n this_o region_n on_o the_o north_n have_v the_o irish_a sea_n on_o the_o east_n the_o river_n dyvei_n whereby_o it_o be_v deviue_v from_o gwynedh_n &_o towards_o powis_n very_o high_a hill_n on_o the_o south_n caermyrthyn_n and_o on_o the_o west_n dyfetia_n their_o tongue_n as_o gyraldus_n affirm_v tongue_n be_v esteem_v the_o fine_a of_o all_o the_o other_o people_n of_o wales_n and_o gwynedh_n the_o pure_a with_o out_o permixtion_n come_v near_a unto_o ancient_a british_a but_o the_o southern_a most_o rude_a &_o course_v because_o it_o have_v great_a affinity_n with_o strange_a tongue_n the_o sea_n coast_n of_o this_o part_n richard_n clarens_n clarens_n a_o very_a noble_a man_n come_n in_o with_o a_o navy_n and_o build_v castle_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o teifi_n and_o vstwyth_n possess_v it_o for_o his_o own_o and_o leave_v garrison_n there_o return_v into_o england_n but_o when_o he_o understand_v that_o his_o man_n be_v besiege_v by_o the_o welshman_n be_v bolden_v by_o his_o great_a power_n he_o intend_v by_o a_o over_o rash_a enterprise_n to_o go_v aid_v they_o by_o land_n but_o at_o coed_n gronus_fw-la not_o far_o from_o abergeveni_fw-la he_o be_v slay_v with_o all_o his_o army_n by_o jerwerthus_fw-la of_o caërlheon_n and_o so_o those_o fort_n return_v again_o unto_o their_o old_a lord_n i_o suppose_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o ystwyth_n be_v of_o ptolomaeus_n call_v rotossa_n and_o tibium_fw-la abertius_fw-la but_o that_o through_o negligence_n of_o the_o transcriber_n they_o be_v confound_v into_o one_o not_o far_o from_o this_o place_n stand_v lhanpaternfawr_n that_o be_v the_o church_n of_o paternus_n the_o great_a which_o in_o old_a time_n be_v have_v in_o great_a veneration_n for_o welshman_n above_o all_o other_o nation_n be_v accustom_v to_o reverence_v church_n &_o attribute_v much_o honour_n unto_o ecclesiastical_a person_n for_o as_o gyraldus_n report_v they_o use_v not_o once_o to_o touch_v the_o most_o deadly_a foe_n they_o have_v and_o such_o as_o be_v accuse_v of_o treason_n if_o they_o escape_v unto_o the_o church_n yea_o not_o so_o much_o as_o their_o enemy_n cattle_n if_o they_o feed_v in_o any_o pasture_n or_o leazes_z which_o appertain_v unto_o the_o church_n moreover_o when_o they_o be_v arm_v and_o go_v unto_o battle_n if_o they_o fortune_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o priest_n on_o the_o way_n they_o will_v cast_v down_o their_o
weapon_n and_o require_v benediction_n with_o a_o stoop_a head_n in_o the_o same_o region_n be_v a_o place_n in_o which_o they_o say_v under_o dews_n foot_n who_o in_o lantine_n they_o call_v david_n david_n while_o he_o inveyh_v against_o the_o pelagian_n the_o earth_n bellow_v and_o rise_v up_o in_o a_o hill_n which_o they_o term_v lhandewybrevy_v in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o region_n be_v the_o principal_a town_n of_o the_o shire_n upon_o the_o river_n teify_v which_o we_o term_v aberteifi_n to_o say_v the_o mouth_n of_o teifus_fw-la the_o englishman_n call_v it_o cardigan_n this_o river_n only_o of_o all_o britain_n as_o gyraldus_n report_v abound_v with_o otter_n but_o now_o our_o countryman_n know_v not_o what_o they_o be_v the_o bare_a name_n which_o be_v auanc_n they_o take_v for_o a_o monster_n of_o the_o water_n pass_o forth_o along_o by_o the_o same_o sea_n coast_n there_o come_v unto_o our_o view_n a_o region_n of_o ancient_a time_n term_v of_o our_o countryman_n dyfe_v of_o ptolomaeus_n demetia_n for_o dynetia_n in_o english_a westwales_n and_o now_o penbrokeshyre_n the_o same_o reach_v from_o sea_n to_o sea_n the_o far_a promontory_n whereof_o ptolomaeus_n call_v octopitarum_n a_o little_a decline_v from_o the_o word_n pebidion_n by_o the_o northern_a ocean_n a_o long_o lie_v trefdraeth_n &_o aberguain_n &_o cilgaren_n within_o the_o main_n land_n &_o in_o the_o west_n angle_n be_v the_o bishop_n see_v of_o meneve_n sometime_o famous_a with_o a_o archbishop_n see_v for_o devi_fw-fr who_o be_v call_v david_n translate_v the_o archbishopprick_n from_o the_o city_n of_o legion_n where_o it_o be_v of_o antiquity_n into_o meneve_v afterwhome_fw-mi there_o sit_v there_o five_o &_o twenty_o archbishop_n who_o name_n be_v find_v in_o gyraldus_n the_o samson_n last_o whereof_o call_v samson_n in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o grevous_a plague_n of_o pestilence_n then_o reigning_a flee_v into_o armorica_n or_o the_o less_o britain_n with_o his_o pall_v where_o be_v choose_v bishop_n of_o dole_n he_o leave_v there_o his_o pall_v which_o his_o successor_n have_v enjoy_v unto_o this_o day_n before_o who_o the_o archbishop_n of_o turo_n have_v prevail_v but_o we_o by_o occasion_n of_o the_o saxon_a war_n and_o their_o own_o poverty_n lose_v their_o ancient_a dignity_n notwithstanding_o all_o bishop_n of_o wales_n be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o meneve_n and_o he_o of_o they_o as_o his_o suffragan_n until_o the_o day_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o when_o as_o bernhard_n be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o cantorbury_n and_o use_v himself_o long_o time_n after_o as_o archbishop_n until_o in_o the_o end_n his_o action_n fall_v at_o rome_n this_o much_o gyraldus_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o bishop_n of_o meneve_v before_o morgenew_v which_o be_v the._n xxxiii_o from_o david_n that_o taste_v any_o flesh_n and_o he_o the_o very_a same_o night_n when_o he_o first_o taste_v flesh_n be_v slay_v by_o pirate_n this_o church_n have_v be_v very_o often_o spoil_v and_o destroy_v by_o english_a and_o danish_a pirate_n here_o in_o the_o valley_n rosea_fw-la be_v bear_v the_o great_a patrick_n who_o endue_v ireland_n with_o the_o patrick_n christian_a faith_n haverfordia_n which_o they_o call_v now_o west_n hereford_n be_v distant_a from_o this_o see_v xxi_o mile_n in_o old_a time_n call_v of_o the_o britain_n aberdaugleddaw_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o mouth_n of_o two_o sword_n for_o so_o the_o chief_a river_n of_o all_o britain_n which_o make_v any_o haven_n be_v term_v englishman_n call_v the_o same_o milford_n and_o some_o alaunicum_fw-la by_o the_o latin_a name_n the_o welshman_n call_v this_o town_n now_o hulphordh_n and_o the_o haven_n reserve_v his_o antique_a name_n upon_o the_o same_o crook_n or_o bosom_n stand_v benbrock_n head_n of_o the_o shire_n the_o work_n of_o arnulph_n montgomer_n which_o girarde_n of_o wyndelesour_n valiant_o defend_v against_o rhesus_n son_n to_o theodore_n and_o after_o that_o peace_n be_v establish_v as_o gyraldus_n report_v he_o take_v to_o wife_n nessa_n the_o daughter_n of_o thesus_n on_o who_o he_o beget_v worthy_a issue_n both_o male_a and_o female_a by_o who_o both_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o wales_n remain_v unto_o the_o englishman_n and_o the_o force_n of_o ireland_n be_v afterward_o vanquish_v at_o the_o south_n sea_n lie_v tenbigh_n as_o englishman_n term_v it_o but_o welshman_n dinbegh_n ypyscot_n that_o be_v to_o wit_n fish_v denbygh_a so_o denbygh_fw-mi call_v for_o difference_n betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o other_o which_o be_v in_o gwynedh_n this_o same_o part_n of_o demetia_n or_o dynetia_n be_v at_o this_o day_n possess_v and_o inhabit_v by_o fleming_n send_v thither_o by_o henry_n the_o first_o â–ª_o the_o people_n be_v stout_a and_o rough_a defend_v themselves_o and_o they_o valiant_o against_o the_o welshman_n â–ª_o and_o although_o many_o time_n especial_o by_o cadwallader_n conanus_fw-la and_o howell_n son_n of_o owaen_n prince_n of_o gwynedh_n and_o rhesus_n son_n to_o gryff_v of_o north-wales_n and_o last_o by_o leweline_n the_o great_a as_o parisiensis_fw-la term_v he_o who_o have_v in_o his_o army_n thirty_o thousand_o man_n they_o be_v almost_o destroy_v and_o slay_v yet_o have_v they_o always_o recover_v their_o strength_n again_o and_o unto_o this_o day_n be_v know_v from_o welshman_n by_o diversity_n of_o their_o manner_n and_o tongue_n the_o three_o province_n of_o southwales_n maridinia_n take_v name_n of_o maridunum_n a_o very_a ancient_a city_n whereof_o both_o latin_a and_o greek_a writer_n make_v mention_v by_o which_o name_n it_o be_v so_o call_v and_o know_v long_o before_o the_o birth_n of_o that_o very_a well_o learned_a man_n who_o the_o englishman_n corrupt_o call_v merlin_n but_o our_o countryman_n merdhin_a merlin_n neither_o do_v the_o city_n take_v name_n of_o he_o but_o he_o of_o that_o whereas_o he_o be_v bear_v we_o call_v the_o same_o caer_fw-mi frydâ—in_n by_o reason_n of_o propriety_n of_o the_o tongue_n whereby_o we_o change_v m_o into_o five_o the_o consonant_n for_o who_o our_o countryman_n do_v use_n fletcher_n in_o the_o castle_n &_o city_n of_o merdhyn_n that_o same_o ambrose_n who_o be_v bear_v of_o a_o noble_a virgin_n who_o father_n name_n be_v of_o purpose_n suppress_v for_o his_o pass_a skill_n in_o the_o mathematicals_n and_o wonderful_a knowledge_n in_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o learning_n be_v by_o the_o rude_a common_a people_n repute_v to_o be_v the_o son_n of_o a_o incubus_n or_o a_o male_a devil_n which_o in_o similitude_n and_o likeness_n of_o man_n do_v use_v carnal_o to_o company_n with_o woman_n this_o town_n as_o gyraldus_n write_v be_v in_o old_a time_n compass_v round_o with_o a_o fair_a brickewall_n and_o upon_o the_o river_n clarus_n which_o ptolomaeus_n term_v tobius_n we_o towi_n be_v say_v that_o the_o king_n seat_n and_o palace_n of_o southwales_n be_v build_v until_o that_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o englishman_n after_o what_o time_n it_o be_v remove_v unto_o dynefur_n upon_o the_o same_o river_n a_o place_n very_o well_o fortify_a with_o wood_n and_o hill_n in_o this_o region_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o strong_a situation_n of_o place_n the_o prince_n of_o southwales_n make_v wellnigh_o their_o continual_a abode_n which_o be_v divide_v from_o ceretica_n by_o the_o river_n tifey_n by_o who_o side_n castle_n stand_v the_o noble_a castle_n of_o emlyn_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v environ_v with_o very_o high_a hill_n and_o with_o the_o sea._n towards_o the_o sea_n be_v catguilia_n now_o cydweili_n a_o country_n sometime_o possess_v by_o mauritius_n of_o london_n next_o who_o lie_v gwhir_n which_o join_v unto_o morgania_n with_o a_o town_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o tawai_n of_o we_o abertawai_n of_o englishman_n call_v swansei_n morgania_n of_o englishmen_n glamorgan_n of_o we_o call_v morganwc_n and_o gwladforgan_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o country_n of_o morgan_n of_o one_o morgan_n morgan_n which_o be_v there_o slay_v by_o his_o aunt_n son_n cuneda_n who_o be_v king_n of_o lhoëgr_n more_o than_o two_o thousand_o year_n since_o so_o call_v it_o lie_v on_o the_o severn_n sea_n and_o be_v always_o wont_a to_o be_v rebellious_a against_o his_o prince_n wherefore_o when_o it_o refuse_v to_o obey_v his_o true_a and_o lawful_a prince_n by_o the_o just_a judgement_n of_o god_n punish_v which_o always_o revenge_v rebellion_n and_o treason_n it_o be_v enforce_v to_o come_v in_o servitude_n unto_o stranger_n for_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n one_o thousand_o fourscore_o and_o ten_o when_o jestinus_fw-la son_n to_o gurgantus_fw-la earl_n of_o morgania_n refuse_v to_o obey_v rhesus_n son_n to_o theodore_n prince_n of_o southwales_n and_o send_v aeneas_n son_n to_o cedivorus_fw-la sometime_o lord_n of_o demetia_n into_o england_n to_o take_v muster_n of_o soldier_n and_o there_o receive_v a_o great_a army_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o robert_n son_n
to_o hamo_fw-la and_o join_v with_o other_o rebel_n out_o of_o wenta_n and_o brechinia_n meet_v with_o rhesus_n in_o black_a hill_n and_o there_o slay_v he_o and_o so_o pay_v the_o englishman_n their_o wage_n discharge_v they_o but_o they_o take_v regard_n unto_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o the_o great_a variance_n which_o be_v then_o amongst_o the_o welshman_n as_o inforetime_o the_o saxon_n have_v do_v they_o turn_v their_o force_n of_o arm_n against_o those_o which_o entertain_v they_o and_o soon_o displace_v they_o whole_o of_o all_o the_o champion_n and_o the_o best_a of_o the_o country_n which_o hamo_fw-la divide_v amongst_o ▪_o twelve_o knight_n which_o he_o bring_v with_o he_o reserve_v the_o better_a part_n to_o himself_o who_o build_v there_o certain_a castle_n and_o join_v their_o power_n together_o defend_v their_o farm_n and_o lordeship_n which_o they_o have_v possess_v and_o take_v who_o heir_n peaceable_o enjoy_v the_o same_o unto_o this_o day_n but_o jestinus_fw-la scarce_o reserve_v to_o himself_o and_o his_o the_o hillye_o country_n the_o twelve_o knight_n name_n be_v these_o london_n straddling_n sanct_n name_n john_n turberuille_n granuille_n humfreyville_n sanctquintin_n sorus_n sullius_n berkerolus_fw-la syward_a and_o fleming_n in_o this_o province_n be_v neth_n upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n pontfayn_n that_o be_v to_o say_v stone_n bridge_n englishman_n false_o call_v it_o cowbridge_n lantwyd_n wenny_n dynwyd_n town_n and_o castle_n beside_o caër_fw-la phili_n a_o most_o ancient_a castle_n and_o fortress_n which_o as_o report_n go_v be_v erect_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o caerdid_v the_o principal_a town_n of_o the_o shire_n stand_v upon_o the_o river_n taf_n english_a man_n term_v it_o cardyd_v and_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o be_v landaf_a to_o say_v a_o church_n stand_v on_o taws_fw-la ennoble_v with_o a_o landaf_n bishop_n see._n next_o unto_o this_o region_n lie_v wenta_n under_o momuthshyre_n this_o in_o old_a time_n be_v call_v siluria_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v prove_v contrary_a unto_o the_o ridiculous_a authority_n of_o boethius_n and_o polydorus_n and_o first_o to_o begin_v with_o tacitus_n who_o affirm_v that_o the_o siluri_n lie_v over_o against_o spain_n but_o these_o be_v far_o more_o near_a spain_n than_o any_o part_n of_o scotland_n wherefore_o it_o be_v more_o like_a that_o they_o dwell_v here_o rather_o than_o in_o scotland_n moreover_o whereas_o in_o a_o fair_a discourse_n he_o describe_v the_o expedition_n of_o agricola_n against_o the_o albani_n or_o scot_n and_o there_o recite_v all_o the_o people_n and_o nation_n of_o albania_n he_o never_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o siluri_n which_o be_v the_o most_o warlike_a nation_n of_o they_o all_o and_o undoubted_o if_o they_o have_v be_v in_o scotland_n he_o will_v never_o have_v pass_v they_o over_o with_o silence_n consider_v also_o how_o he_o tell_v that_o there_o be_v exceed_v great_a foreste_n in_o siluria_n the_o token_n whereof_o remain_v as_o yet_o in_o wenta_n ptolomaeus_n also_o and_o after_o he_o marius_n niger_n lay_v the_o siluri_n next_o unto_o the_o demeti_fw-la and_o maridunum_n but_o somedeal_o more_o casterly_a beside_o these_o authority_n the_o most_o ancient_a book_n of_o the_o british_a law_n mention_v syllwc_n a_o province_n of_o wales_n who_o inhabitant_n we_o must_v needs_o call_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n syllwr_n whereby_o they_o be_v of_o the_o roman_n term_v silures_n and_o one_o part_n of_o wenta_fw-la be_v at_o this_o day_n call_v ggo_v lhwc_a leave_v out_o one_o silable_a as_o though_o it_o be_v go_v silluc_fw-la also_o chepstow_n a_o fine_a market_n town_n in_o chepstow_n wenta_n before_o a_o few_o year_n since_o pass_v be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o strigulia_n which_o seem_v to_o come_v somewhat_o near_o to_o siluria_n moreover_o antoninus_n a_o very_a grave_a author_n make_v mention_n how_o venta_n of_o the_o siluri_n be_v not_o far_o from_o this_o towards_o the_o ferry_n or_o place_n of_o passage_n over_o the_o severn_n wherefore_o it_o be_v but_o a_o jest_n hence_o forth_o to_o seek_v for_o the_o siluri_n in_o scotland_n and_o although_o that_o plinius_n write_v that_o out_o of_o the_o region_n of_o the_o siluri_n over_o into_o ireland_n be_v but_o a_o very_a short_a cut_n we_o must_v thus_o take_v it_o that_o at_o his_o time_n britain_n be_v not_o sufficient_o know_v nor_o the_o people_n of_o albania_n long_o after_o that_o subdue_v whereby_o when_o certain_a of_o the_o roman_n as_o englishmen_n use_v now_o a_o day_n have_v pass_v over_o into_o ireland_n out_o of_o southwales_n other_o which_o never_o see_v britain_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o very_a short_a cut_n in_o this_o region_n be_v situate_a the_o most_o ancient_a &_o noble_a city_n of_o legion_n legion_n which_o our_o countryman_n call_v caerlheon_n be_v wisk_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o city_n of_o legion_n upon_o usk_z for_o difference_n sake_n between_o it_o and_o the_o other_o which_o be_v build_v in_o north-wales_n upon_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi of_o who_o gyraldus_n write_v thus_o the_o same_o be_v a_o ancient_a and_o noble_a town_n the_o token_n whereof_o remain_v as_o yet_o a_o huge_a palace_n a_o giantlike_a tower_n goodly_a bath_n and_o hot_a house_n relic_n of_o church_n and_o place_n like_o theatre_n compass_v with_o beautiful_a wall_n part_o yet_o stand_v also_o building_n under_o the_o ground_n conduct_n secret_a passage_n and_o vault_n under_o the_o earth_n stew_n frame_v by_o wonderful_a workmanship_n there_o lie_v two_o martyr_n julius_n &_o aron_n which_o have_v church_n dedicate_v unto_o they_o there_o be_v also_o a_o cathedral_n church_n of_o a_o archbishop_n under_o dubricius_n which_o fall_v to_o david_n this_o much_o he_o also_o on_o the_o otherside_n of_o usk_z in_o the_o way_n which_o lead_v to_o strigulia_n be_v see_v ancient_a ditch_n and_o the_o remnant_n of_o town_n wall_n of_o the_o siluri_n of_o venta_n which_o now_o also_o they_o call_v caerwent_n to_o wit_n the_o city_n venta_n whereof_o the_o name_n grow_v to_o the_o whole_a country_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o wey_n which_o we_o call_v gwy_a be_v a_o famous_a market_n town_n in_o old_a time_n strigulia_n but_o now_o call_v the_o castle_n gwent_n of_o gwent_n the_o earl_n marshal_n &_o their_o heir_n of_o this_o place_n do_v very_o much_o weaken_v the_o state_n of_o wales_n not_o far_o hence_o be_v monmuth_n of_o we_o monwy_n so_o call_v by_o the_o meeting_n of_o mona_n &_o weigh_v together_o the_o head_n of_o the_o whole_a shire_n above_o at_o osca_n be_v the_o castle_n of_o osca_n call_v brynbuga_n &_o in_o the_o upper_a venta_n at_o the_o meeting_n of_o usk_z and_o gevenna_n be_v abergevenny_n the_o lord_n whereof_o brienne_n guildford_n wrought_v much_o guildford_n mischief_n against_o the_o wenti_fw-la but_o afterward_o willus_fw-la brustius_fw-la lord_n of_o brecknoc_n under_o pretence_n of_o love_n and_o friendship_n call_v the_o noble_n of_o wenta_n into_o this_o castle_n to_o feast_v and_o banqueting_a who_o come_v thither_o with_o sesylius_n son_n to_o dunwallan_n chief_n deed_n man_n of_o all_o that_o region_n and_o his_o son_n gryf_n fith_z suspect_v no_o deceit_n and_o unarm_v be_v everywhichone_o most_o cruel_o slay_v by_o brustius_n gward_o which_o be_v put_v ready_a in_o armour_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o afterward_o sudden_o break_v into_o sesylius_n house_n the_o unmerciful_a butcher_n murder_v the_o young_a infant_n cadwaladar_n his_o son_n despiteous_o before_o the_o mother_n face_n who_o son_n notwithstanding_o take_v the_o castle_n and_o have_v slay_v ranulph_n poerius_fw-la with_o many_o other_o noble_a man_n at_o lhandyvegad_n manful_o revenge_v their_o father_n death_n but_o brustius_n be_v reserve_v unto_o great_a mischief_n be_v famish_v to_o revenge_n death_n with_o his_o mother_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o windelesour_n and_o here_o i_o think_v good_a to_o note_v that_o the_o name_n of_o sesylius_n be_v common_a among_o the_o britain_n and_o welshman_n ought_v to_o be_v write_v not_o with_o c._n which_o always_o express_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o english_a king_n but_o with_o s._n for_o else_o it_o shall_v be_v read_v amongst_o the_o welshman_n kyllius_fw-la there_o remain_v yet_o the_o last_o inland_a region_n of_o southwales_n which_o make_v the_o shire_n of_o brechnock_n the_o head_n whereof_o brechnock_n or_o as_o the_o welshman_n term_v it_o aberhodni_n stand_v in_o usk_n upon_o the_o fall_n of_o hodni_fw-la bernhard_n of_o newmarcat_n first_o of_o all_o newmercate_n englishman_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n subdue_v the_o same_o above_o this_o region_n lie_v bogwelth_n which_o they_o term_v buellt_n a_o rough_a and_o hilly_a country_n reach_n from_o weigh_n to_o tobius_n beneath_o be_v ewias_n win_v by_o the_o power_n of_o paganus_fw-la the_o son_n of_o john_n which_o afterward_o be_v part_v in_o twain_o herold_n and_o lacey_n and_o not_o far_o thence_o be_v haya_n
well_o know_v by_o roman_a monument_n call_v tregelli_n that_o be_v to_o wit_n the_o town_n of_o hasel_n these_o seven_o shire_n credigion_n dwetia_n call_v also_o demetia_n and_o penbrokes_n hire_n caer_fw-mi marthyn_a morganicâ—_n now_o glamorgan_n gwenta_n call_v also_o montanus_n mouth_n brechenoc_n and_o radenor_n be_v by_o englyshman_n ascribe_v unto_o southwales_n thus_o much_o when_o i_o have_v write_v of_o the_o true_a antique_a and_o now_o accustom_a name_n of_o the_o region_n and_o city_n of_o britain_n i_o determine_v here_o to_o have_v end_v least_o by_o this_o my_o unpolished_a and_o barbarous_a writing_n i_o shall_v become_v tedious_a to_o the_o impatient_a reader_n but_o when_o i_o call_v to_o my_o remembrance_n how_o polydorus_n virgilius_n who_o work_n be_v in_o all_o man_n hand_n do_v in_o all_o place_n nip_n &_o gird_v at_o the_o britain_n endevor_v in_o word_n to_o extenuate_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o british_a name_n and_o to_o obscure_v they_o with_o a_o perpetual_a blot_n in_o his_o history_n often_o term_v they_o a_o cowardly_a and_o false_a generation_n i_o think_v it_o worth_a the_o travel_n to_o bring_v forth_o a_o few_o authority_n out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o famous_a writer_n and_o approve_a historiographer_n whereby_o the_o indifferent_a reader_n may_v easy_o judge_v what_o credit_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o say_v polydorê°_n and_o that_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o learn_a writer_n of_o the_o state_n of_o britain_n either_o he_o read_v they_o not_o or_o else_o that_o be_v more_o like_a be_v incense_v with_o envy_n and_o hate_v of_o the_o british_a name_n pass_v they_o over_o with_o silence_n caesar_n himself_o who_o first_o all_o the_o roman_n caesar._n make_v mention_n of_o britain_n how_o be_v it_o no_o man_n be_v account_v a_o upright_a judge_n in_o his_o own_o cause_n confess_v that_o at_o the_o first_o encounter_n the_o britain_n fight_v valiant_o against_o the_o roman_n and_o that_o they_o trouble_v they_o very_o much_o and_o afterward_o that_o the_o legion_n which_o be_v send_v for_o provision_n of_o corn_n and_o uitayle_n be_v so_o press_v by_o their_o enemy_n that_o they_o can_v scarce_o endure_v it_o and_o that_o at_o his_o come_n for_o fear_n as_o he_o say_v they_o retire_v and_o that_o i_o may_v use_v his_o own_o word_n caesar_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o unfit_a time_n to_o provoke_v the_o enemy_n and_o to_o give_v he_o battle_n keep_v himself_o in_o his_o own_o place_n and_o after_o short_a time_n bring_v back_o his_o legion_n into_o their_o tent_n this_o retreat_n some_o term_v a_o flight_n which_o may_v also_o be_v prove_v because_o that_o short_o after_o when_o it_o be_v past_a midnight_n he_o take_v ship_a privy_o and_o depart_v out_o of_o britain_n neither_o be_v this_o the_o power_n of_o all_o britain_n but_o a_o band_n of_o kentyshman_n sudden_o gather_v as_o appear_v kentishman_n in_o his_o history_n after_o this_o in_o his_o first_o book_n he_o show_v that_o the_o british_a wagonner_n fight_v stout_o upon_o the_o way_n and_o in_o another_o place_n that_o they_o enter_v forcible_o into_o his_o campe._n and_o that_o the_o roman_a cohort_n or_o band_n be_v afeard_a when_o laberius_n the_o tribune_n be_v slay_v salf_o return_v back_o again_o which_o what_o other_o can_v it_o signify_v then_o that_o they_o escape_v by_o flight_n he_o confess_v also_o how_o casivelanus_fw-la by_o the_o fall_a from_o he_o of_o mandrubatius_n and_o certain_a his_o city_n be_v especial_o move_v not_o by_o battle_n weary_v to_o send_v ambassador_n unto_o he_o to_o entreat_v of_o peace_n all_o these_o thing_n spiteful_o polydorus_n dissemble_v also_o diodorus_n siculus_n who_o write_v siculus_n in_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n say_v it_o be_v report_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o britain_n be_v aborigines_n that_o be_v to_o say_v first_o bear_v in_o the_o country_n lead_v their_o life_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n in_o old_a time_n in_o fight_n they_o use_v chariot_n such_o as_o be_v say_v the_o ancient_a worthy_n of_o greece_n use_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o troy_n in_o behaviour_n they_o be_v simple_a and_o upright_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o craft_n and_o wiliness_n of_o man_n of_o our_o age_n their_o fare_n be_v nothing_o excessive_a nor_o costly_a far_o from_o the_o dainty_a delicate_n of_o ritchman_n thus_o much_o he_o tacitus_n also_o a_o worthy_a writer_n do_v tacitus_n wonderful_o commend_v the_o puissant_a deed_n of_o cataracus_n against_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o confess_v that_o after_o the_o take_v of_o he_o they_o be_v oftentimes_o â—oyled_v and_o discomfit_v by_o one_o only_a city_n of_o the_o siluri_n and_o as_o for_o venusius_n who_o he_o write_v to_o have_v be_v fierce_a and_o hateful_a against_o the_o roman_n he_o report_v that_o he_o vanquish_v not_o only_o the_o roman_n but_o such_o britain_n also_o as_o aid_v they_o his_o word_n be_v these_o the_o kingdom_n to_o venusius_n and_o unto_o we_o remain_v war_n and_o after_o it_o follow_v that_o he_o can_v deny_v but_o when_o queen_n boadicia_n who_o dion_n term_v bundwica_n be_v deserve_o exasperate_v boadicia_n she_o cause_v lx_o and_o ten_o thousand_o roman_n to_o be_v slay_v who_o courage_n more_o than_o manlike_a and_o noble_a deed_n worthy_a to_o be_v extol_v with_o praise_n unto_o heaven_n and_o equivalent_a to_o the_o act_n of_o renown_a emperor_n and_o captain_n tacitus_n &_o also_o dion_n man_n of_o great_a name_n have_v celebrate_v in_o fair_a and_o large_a discourse_n and_o in_o the_o life_n of_o agricola_n in_o wish_v for_o danger_n there_o be_v like_a boldness_n in_o britain_n and_o frenchman_n and_o when_o they_o come_v unto_o the_o pinch_n in_o refuse_v of_o they_o like_o dasterdnes_n howbeit_o the_o britain_n resemble_a more_o hardiness_n as_o be_v such_o who_o long_a rest_n and_o peace_n have_v not_o yet_o make_v soft_a or_o effeminate_a for_o we_o have_v hear_v also_o that_o the_o frenchman_n have_v flourish_v in_o war_n but_o short_o after_o cowardice_n creep_v in_o through_o idleness_n whereby_o they_o lose_v both_o manhood_n and_o liberty_n which_o likewise_o befall_v to_o the_o vanquish_a britain_n the_o residue_n whereof_o remain_v yet_o such_o as_o the_o frenchman_n be_v they_o be_v strong_a on_o foot_n certain_a of_o they_o do_v fight_n in_o chariot_n the_o driver_n whereof_o be_v count_v the_o worthy_a who_o clientes_fw-la and_o servant_n do_v fight_v and_o defend_v they_o infore_o time_n they_o be_v prepare_v for_o king_n but_o now_o through_o favour_n and_o faction_n every_o prince_n have_v get_v they_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n more_o profitable_a for_o our_o use_n against_o strange_a and_o valiant_a nation_n save_v that_o they_o do_v not_o general_o safeguard_v and_o defend_v all_o it_o be_v seldom_o that_o two_o or_o three_o city_n do_v join_v to_o withstand_v their_o common_a danger_n so_o that_o while_o they_o fight_v several_o they_o be_v overcome_v universal_o also_o in_o another_o place_n the_o britain_n do_v muster_v pay_v tribute_n and_o fulfil_v other_o commaundment_n of_o the_o empire_n without_o stay_n or_o grudge_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o injury_n offer_v which_o they_o can_v hardly_o abide_v and_o now_o they_o be_v subdue_v to_o obey_v but_o not_o yet_o to_o be_v slave_n and_o a_o little_a afterward_o but_o now_o they_o begin_v to_o enstruct_v the_o child_n of_o prince_n in_o liberal_a science_n say_v agricola_n and_o to_o prefer_v the_o wit_n of_o the_o britain_n in_o study_n before_o the_o frenchmens_n that_o they_o which_o of_o late_o detest_a the_o roman_a tongue_n do_v now_o desire_n to_o be_v eloquent_a therein_o afterwards_o the_o majesty_n of_o our_o attire_n and_o our_o gown_n be_v common_o wear_v &_o by_o little_a and_o little_a they_o come_v to_o the_o imitation_n of_o our_o vice_n and_o superfluity_n as_o to_o have_v gallery_n bath_n and_o to_o use_v our_o nysenesse_n in_o feast_v which_o amongst_o the_o unskilful_a be_v term_v humanity_n when_o as_o in_o deed_n it_o be_v part_n of_o servility_n dion_n cassius_z a_o man_n that_o have_v be_v consul_n among_o other_o thing_n have_v leave_v this_o in_o write_v unto_o posterity_n of_o caesar_n expedition_n into_o britain_n the_o britain_n dare_v not_o set_v open_o upon_o the_o roman_n because_o they_o keep_v diligent_a watch_n and_o ward_n but_o they_o take_v certain_a which_o be_v send_v as_o it_o be_v unto_o their_o friend_n and_o confederate_n region_n to_o provide_v victual_n who_o they_o slay_v all_o except_v a_o few_o which_o caesar_n come_n with_o speed_n rescue_v then_o begin_v they_o to_o assault_v the_o camp_n wherein_o they_o prevail_v not_o but_o be_v repulse_v not_o without_o slaughter_n on_o their_o side_n howbeit_o they_o never_o take_v peace_n before_o that_o they_o have_v be_v many_o time_n put_v to_o the_o worst_a caesar_n contrary_a to_o that_o he_o