afterwards taught it her Subjects For though the breeding and ordering of the Silk Worms was not unknown to the Chineses before that time yet they were ignorant of that Art to make Silk Clothes of them as generally at the first Discovery of things we are unskilful in the proper use But however the Chineses may justly claim the honor that from them as the chief Fountain the Art of making Silk was carry'd to other remote Countreys in Europe BUt to return The Ambassador having pass'd many beautiful Stone Bridges in the Afternoon they came to the City of Kunghti or Cunghte the fifth substitute City of the second Metropolis Kiahing in the sixth Province lying on the left side of the River and in the Evening arriv'd at a Village call'd Summingsing where they stay'd that Night having that day gotten four Leagues further In the Morning leaving Summingsing they Sail'd as the day before by many Rusticks Houses and about the Evening arriv'd at Chiangfoe otherwise Kiahing the sixth City in this Province along which they ran Westerly to the North Suburb where they staid that Night to get other Coelies to Tow them having that day made four Leagues forward in a Northerly Course The two and twentieth in the Morning they proceeded and were Tow'd coming about a Cannon shot from the Suburb of Kiating between two Fortresses and so to the Village Iankanking seaving it on their Lar-board in the Afternoon by Pinghaw on the South side of which lies a small Lake call'd Fuen which separates the Province Chekiang from that of Nanking so that they enter'd the Province of Nanking After the Netherlanders were arriv'd about Noon in the Village Pingchwan they from thence past by Ukiam and leaving it about a Cannon shot from them on their left hand they went up to the Suburbs where they cast Anchor to stay that Night and provide themselves with other Men to Tow their Barques having that day pass'd four Leagues of which two in the Province of Nanking This great Province of Nanking by the Tartars at this day call'd Kiangnam being the chiefest of the nine Southern Verges in the East and South-East with the Sea in the South it borders upon Chekiang in the South-West upon that of Kiangsi in the West touches Huquang in the North-West Honan and the remainder the Territory of Quantung Although the Chineses reckon except the chief Province of Peking wherein the Court and Seat of the Emperor is kept that of Kiangnang the next in honor and order yet setting aside the Emperor's residence there it cannot be compar'd to this of Nanking either in Magnitude Fertility or ought else nay their Histories affirm that the ancient Chinese Emperors as V Cyn Sun Ci Leang Chin and the Family Tang first Planted the Seat of the Empire in this Province although afterwards Transported thence to Peking by the Taymingian Family the better and with the more ease to oppose the Tartars incursions being nearest to their Borders The whole Province is divided into fourteen great Territories viz. Kiangningsu or Nankingfu Fungyangfu Suchenfu Sunkiangfu Changcheufu Chingkiangfu Yancheufu Hoaiganfu Lucheufu Gankingfu Taipingfu Ningquefu Chicheufu Hoeicheufu besides four small Counties as Quangte Hocheu Chucheu Siuchtu every one having great and small Towns in them to the number of an hundred and ten The first County Kiangningfu hath for boundaries on the North-East Yancheufu in the East Changcheufu and Sucheufu in the South Ningquefu in the West Taipingfu and Hocheufu in the North and North-West Cheuchufu This County contains seven Towns viz. Nanking or Kiangning the chief and Metropolis of the whole Province Kucyung Lieyang Lieuxui Caoxun Kiangpu and Loho The first Builder of the City of Nanking was Guoi King of Cu who call'd her Kinling that is Gilded Tract of Land The first Raiser of the Family Cyn nam'd it afterwards Moling the Kings V. which kept their Court there Kienye the House of Tang Kiangning but the Taimingian Family chang'd the Name of Kiangning to that of Ingtien but at last the Tartars after having harrased the whole Empire of China restor'd it the ancient Name Kiangning This Kiangning lieth in thirty two Degrees and fifteen Minutes Northern Latitude about six Leagues from the Eastern Shore of the River Kiang in a pleasant and delightful Plain for the River Kiang flows through broad and deep digg'd Graffs not onely by the City Walls but also into it with several Navigable Channels In like manner the East side of the City lying in a pleasant Valley is interwoven with broad Graffs by which means they may as well come to this part of the City in Barges as to that side which verges with the River Kiang and may there likewise lade and unlade Vessels of ordinary Burthen Over all these Graffs lead several Stone Bridges supported on divers Arches Over the fore-mention'd Channel which runs from the River Kiang into the City is a Bridge with fourteen Arches According to the opinion of the Chinese Geographers this City doth not onely exceed all other Cities on the Earth in bigness but also in beauty and indeed she is inferior to few for as to what concerns her inward part is most plain except some pleasant and easie Ascents It stands surrounded with a double Wall the first and innermost of which is six German Miles in circumference or according to Trigaut and Martinius eighteen Italian Miles yet the City it self is not above six Leagues in circumference This Wall incloseth the Palace and most part of the City The second or outward Wall is much bigger but not continu'd round or joyn'd together in all places but stands onely as a Defence in those places where the City is weakest When two Troopers for so the Chineses describe this Wall are sent from one another in the Morning to Ride about the City they meet not again till Night by which may easily be judg'd the bigness of the Wall and City Notwithstanding within the circumference of this Wall there are great and spacious Gardens Lakes Mounts and Warrens yet the greatest part thereof is full of Inhabitants The first Wall which is above thirty Foot high whose under part consists of Free-Stone but the upper onely of bak'd Stones or Bricks is rais'd very even and hath Battlements round about strengthned with Redoubts and Watch-houses It reckons thirteen Gates some of which have four and others five Posterns whose Doors are cover'd with Iron Plates Every one of these Gates are continually Guarded by strong Parties of Soldiers The chiefest Streets are about twenty eight Paces broad and being as direct as a Line are in the middle Pav'd with broad blue Stones and on each side with Pebbles The common Citizens Houses are neither fair nor costly but mean and without Conveniences being but one Story high standing all with their Gable-ends towards the Streets with onely one Door The Front hath a square Hole in stead of a Window before which they have
else is permitted and the other stands empty for their Deity who they say sits therein and receives the Offering Without the Temple stand many Altars of Red Marble which represent the Moon Sun Hills and Floods and according to the Chineses Relations all these Altars are plac'd without the Temple that none might worship them but that every one should know they are of the same Structure which the Emperor worships in the Temple Round about are several Chambers or rather Cells which formerly as they say were us'd as Bannia's in which the Emperor when he went to Offer Bath'd himself with his Attendants To this Temple and to the Emperor's Tombs lead very broad Ways on each side planted with five Rows of Pine-trees at equal distance and in a direct Line from which none might break a Bough on pain of death All these Buildings were ruin'd in the late Tartar Wars the Trees pluck'd up the Tombs defac'd and the Temples and Palaces utterly laid waste The County of Fungiangfu a great Tract of Land gives Limits in the East and North-East to Hoaiganfu in the East to the Lake Piexe and Chucheufu in the South and South-West to Hocheufu and Lucheufu in the West to the Territory of Honan This pleasant and fruitful Countrey vein'd by several great Rivers is famous because two of her Natives of mean Extract were rais'd to the highest degree of Honor the first call'd Lieupang bred among the scum of the Commonalty nay among Robbers and Rebels subdu'd the Imperial Family Cyn and rais'd that of Han. The second being Humvu or Chu was a mean Priests Son who at first turning Robber soon after the expulsion of the Tartars got into the Throne and establish'd the Crown on the Taimingian Family The Emperor Yu also did not a little enrich this Countrey when by his Predecessor Ya he was Crown'd King in the City of Mao It is also said that Lahu the first Inventer of the Epicurean Learning which liv'd before the great Philosopher Confut was born in that City of Mao The County Fungyangfu contains eighteen Towns of which Fungyang is the chiefest the next are Liuhoai Hoaiyuen Tingyuen Uho Hung Hokieu Munching Su Hiutai Tienchang So Lingpi Ing Tacho Hao Ingxan Su So Ing Hao all great Places The Metropolis Fungyang lying on a Mountain incloseth many Hills within its Walls built with fair Edifices both publick and private This Division was by the Emperor Yu brought and joyn'd to the Province of Yang to be Govern'd by Teu In the time of the Kings this part of the Countrey was call'd The Kingdom of Tuxam which the Kings of Cu afterwards included in their Dominions but the Family Han made it again Tributary call'd Chungly yet this Place was not honor'd with the Title of Teu or Metropopolis untill the fore-mention'd Chu which rais'd the Taimingian Family and was born in this City enlarg'd it building new and strong Walls fifty Furlongs in circumference and adorning the Tombs of his Predecessors and gave it the Name of Metropolis setting over it a Vice-Roy giving it Jurisdiction over other Cities intituling it Fungyang that is Nobleness of the Phenix The third Sucheufu conterminates in the North and North-East with the Mouth of the River Kiang in the East with the Sea in the South with Sunkiang and Kiahingfu the West borders Kiangningfu and the North-West Chancheufu The first which inhabited this Countrey amongst the Chineses was one Taipe of the Family Cheu who coming out of the North planted his Seat here and reduced those that formerly were wild and savage to be rational and understanding People In the Emperor Vu's time this County obtain'd Royal Dignity being call'd The Kingdom of V. after whose Death it was taken by the Kingdom of Iue who possess'd it but a little while being routed by Cu who subdu'd the Countrey Lastly the promoter of the Family Cyn conquer'd all those Kingdoms and brought them under the Province of Hoeiki The first which call'd this Countrey and its Metropolis Sucheu was King Sui the Family of Tang gave it the Name of Changcheu Sung that of Pnkiang but the Taimingian Family restor'd the old Name Sucheu The Countrey is in all Places interlac'd with Branches of Rivers and Graffs along which they may Sail from the City to the Sea Sucheufu contains seven Towns of which Sucheu is the chiefest the rest are Quengxan Changxoe Ukiang Kiating Taicing Cungmung and Cungming which lies on an Island in the Sea The fourth Tract of Land being Sunghiangfu is a small County yet fruitful and a good Soyl bordering in the North with Sucheufu in the East with the Sea and Hangcheufu in the South and West at Hangcheufu onely and the remainder on Sucheufu This Countrey as the former lies most in Water the East part of it being wash'd by the Sea and the rest surrounded by Rivers which with their Branches cutting through the middle and all Places else of it make the whole Navigable It contains onely three Towns which in bigness populosity and variety of Commodities may stand in competition with many more eminent Cities the first and chiefest is Sunkiang the other two Langhai and Cingpai The City Sunkiang verges with the Sea on the Northern Shore of a River which at its Mouth is fortifi'd with a strong Castle from whence they may Sail to Iapan In ancient times this Countrey and City before mention'd shar'd also in the Tartars Cruelties The Family of Tang call'd it Houting the Tartars of the House of Iuen not onely gave it the present Name but also the Title of Fu or Great City having formerly but the Priviledges and Name of a mean Town and belong'd to the third County Sucheufu The fifth County Changcheufu reckons for Limits in the North and North-East the River Kiang in the South Sucheufu in the South and South-West the Lake Tai in the West Yancheufu This County contains five Towns viz. Changcheu Vufie Kiangyn and Ginkiang There are also five Temples of which one built near the City Vufie in honor to Taipe the Supporter of the People exceeds all the other The City Changcheu lies near the fore-mention'd Moat which runs from the City Sucheu to the River Kiang the Stone Banks of which near this City are much more curious and artificial than any where else There are also some Triumphal Arches which add a great beauty to the City It hath receiv'd its Denomination Guihing from the exceeding fineness of the Earth of which the Tee Cups are made for Guihing signifies Rare Earth The sixth Territory Chinkiangfu borders in the North at the River Kiang in the East at Changcheufu in the South at the Lake Tai and in the West at Kiangnangfu This County reckons three Cities viz. Chinkiang Tanyang and Kintan Chinkiang by Martinius taken for Cingiam so call'd by Paulus Venetus lies Northward from the River Kiang on the East side of a Channel which falls into the Kiang
would rather endure death than suffer their Honor to be blemish'd The thirteenth County Chicheufu borders in the East upon Ningquefu in the South-East touches Hoeicheufu in the South-West lies the Province Kiangsi the North-West hath the River Kiang and in the North a Promontory at the same River for Boundaries This Countrey was formerly under the Kingdom of V. soon after under Iue next under Cu. King Loang call'd it Nanling Siu Cieupu and the Family of Tang the present Name Chicheufu It comprehends six Towns viz. Chicheu the chief Cinyang Tungling Xetai Kiente Tunglieu and four stately Temples The City Chicheu stands seated on the Southern Shore of the River Kiang The fourteenth Division Hoeicheufu being the most Southern of all this Province conterminates in the East with the Province of Chekiang in the South with a Promontory in the South-West with that of Kiangsi in the North-West with Chicheufu and in the North with Ningquefu This Countrey in the time of the Kings suffer'd the same misfortune as the fore-mention'd The Name Hoeichu it receiv'd of the Family Sung and possesseth six Towns viz. Hoeichu the chiefest the rest are Hicuning Vuyveng Kimuen In Cieki This Hoeichu is a Place of great Trade especially famous for making the best Chinese Ink and wax'd Chests The four small Territories of this Province are Quangte Hochen Chucheu and Siucheu every one call'd by the Name of their principal City The first of them being Quangte borders Eastward upon the prime County Kiangningfu and Hangcheufu in the South upon Hoeicheufu in the West looks at Ningquefu and in the North runs with a Point to the River Kiang This County hath two Towns Quangte the chief and Kienping both situate at the Foot of a pleasant Mountain call'd Hong and Ling. The City Quangte is not onely fair but also abounds with Silk The second call'd Hocheu hath for Limits in the North the third small and twelfth great Territory Chucheu in the East and South Kiangningfu and in the West Lucheufu This Shire contains two Cities of which Hocheu is the chiefest and Hawxan The City of Hocheu is famous because heretofore the Residence of a great Robber Chu who Anno 1368. drove the Tartars out of China The third little County in which the great City Cheucheu stands whose Denomination it bears verges in the North and West with the second Territory Pungyangfu in the East with the Lake Piexe and the seventh great Shire Yangcheufu in the South with Kiangningfu and the two little Territories of the City Hocheu This County contains three Cities of which Chucheu is the chiefest and biggest and the other two much less are Civenciao and Laigan The fourth small County in which the great Siucheu is situate is the most Northern of this Province and borders in the East upon Hoaiganfu in the South upon Tunyangfu in the West upon Honan in the North at that of Xantung In the middle it is cut through by the Yellow River and is of great consequence because it conterminates with four Provinces and contains five Cities Sieuchu Siao Tangxang Fung and Poi On the North-West side of the City Siucheu lies a Bridge made of thirty five Ships linked together with Iron Chains Here also is another Bridge that runs athwart the River Pieu This City Sieucheu is also famous because the Emperor Lieupang promoter of the Family of Han after he had taken the City of Poi set forth from hence to conquer the Empire Thus much of the Province of Nanking now we will return to our Embassy AFter the Netherlanders had gotten fresh Men to Tow them they set forward again over the River Sung on the twenty fifth and Landed about ten a Clock at the City Sucheu where they chang'd their Barques No sooner they arriv'd at the West Gate of the City where they were to Embarque again but the Mandarin who had the Command of the Vessels came to bid them welcom and invited them to Dine with him the next day and moreover presented them with two Porkers as many Sheep four Hens two Pots of Drink several sorts of Fruit and twelve Pices of Silk-Stuffs which were all deliver'd to the Ambassador himself with request that he would please to accept them Van Hoorn thanking him for his good inclination and trouble which he had taken upon him and also for the Presents said That he would accept of the Provision because he would not seem to despise them but as for the Stuffs he could not do it because it was not customary therefore he desir'd them to excuse him Moreover that he could not possibly come to Dine with him the next Morning partly for his indisposition being tir'd with his Journey and partly fearing to displease the Conbon of the City if he went any where to a Feast before he went to him with which Excuses they seeming to be satisfi'd took their leave The next Morning being the twenty sixth the Horses being till that time prevented by Stormy Weather were Landed and put in Stables ashore The twenty seventh nothing hapned of note onely some Mandarins came from the Vice-Roy Singlamong who keeps in this City to the number of twenty five to Complement and Welcom the Ambassador whilst the Netherlanders waited for fresh Vessels to be gone again of which they then saw no likelihood notwithstanding the Mandarine Guides had told them the day before that without fail they should have them as that day They also saw little hopes of their going there being no convenient Vessels to be had to carry their Horses The Conbon having the day before sent to ask the Hollanders if they had no Pistols nor Sword-blades to dispose of it was judg'd fit on the twenty eighth observing what Courtesies the fore-mention'd Lord might do them in their coming thither to present him with a pair of Pistols two Sword-blades five Ells of Scarlet one String of Amber two Pieces of Linnen and a Quilt But the Conbon would not accept any thing of the Presents which were carry'd to him by the Secretary onely the Pistols and Sword-blades so that the rest he brought back again In the Evening a Mandarin sent from the Conbon came to Present the Ambassador in requital for his Pistols and Sword-blades with twelve Pieces of Silk-Stuffs four Porkers four Goats Geese Hens and other fresh Provisions which were accepted but the Silk-Stuffs sent back again The twenty ninth Genko the Interpreter inform'd the Ambassador that at his coming an Envoy had been there who just before was sent from the Emperor at Peking to bring the Chineses of Tayowan under his Obedience The same day more Presents and also the Oxen were put into new Barques and likewise the Horses were Embarqu'd again into the same Vessels which they came in there being no convenient Vessels to be got for them there Soon after they prepar'd all things to be gone the next day onely staying for Fodder for the Horses of
which at this Place they were to provide themselves quite to Peking The thirtieth in the Forenoon the Conbon sent the Ambassador by one of his Mandarins ten Picols of Hay for a Present which since none could be bought for Money was accepted with many thanks and a reward to the Mandarin that brought it In the Afternoon a Grand Mandarin who had the Command over the Militia and the Emperors Wardrobe in this City came to Complement and Welcom the Ambassador who having presented him with a Glass of Wine and shewed him the Horses and Oxen took his leave The one and thirtieth in the Morning being furnish'd with all Necessaries they left Siucheu and were Tow'd along a digg'd Channel which reaches from Siucheu Eastward of the Lake Tai to the City Chinkiang and disembogues it self into the great River Kiang Having stay'd eight days for new Vessels to Embarque themselves in and yet not able to get enough were forc'd to keep four of their Hanksieu Barques two for the Horses and two for the Presents The two Masters of the Havens sent by the General of Hanksieu to conduct the Netherlanders took their leave at the North Suburb of Siucheu where leaving the Ambassador they intended to Sail again to Hanksieu Van Hoorn for their care which they had over the Vessels gave each of them a Piece of Perpetuana and also with this opportunity sent the following Letter to the General of Hanksieu and the Conbon GRatitude is accounted the greatest Vertue amongst the Hollanders The Ambassador cannot forget the many Favors which the generousness and Civility of Talavja had conferr'd on him The Ambassador cannot find words to express his hearty thanks but hopes at his Return from Peking and for the future to manifest by Deeds how much the Realm of Holland and the Ambassador are oblig'd to Talavja The whole City Siucheu hath its Situation on the Banks of a great standing River which cuts through the City cross-ways and is Navigable both for small and great Vessels The Walls of the City according to the Chinese Geographers are forty Chinese Furlongs in circumference and with the Suburbs above a hundred As the Netherlanders were inform'd the City covers a Spot of three Leagues in circumference Without and within are many stately Bridges of Stone resting on several Arches It is but thinly built and the Houses are erected on Pine-tree Masts many of them being very sleight Siucheu because of its nearness to the Sea and the River Kiang is a Place of great Trade and hath many Ships belonging to it nay the Netherlanders saw so many Boats in all Places that there was scarce room to get through them Much Amber is us'd in this City for the Hollanders passing through several Streets saw none but Workers of Amber All things not onely for the subsistence of Man but also for pleasure may be had here in great plenty It is one of the famousest Places in all China because all the Portuguese Indian Iapan and other Commodities that come from foreign Countreys are brought thither not onely by Strangers but the Chineses themselves There also come many Merchants from Nanking and other Places to Trade which makes that from year to year there is a continual Trade here and Ships going from hence to other Provinces and Cities and because the Ships should not be in danger when they Sail cross the neighboring Lake Tai there is a Channel made on the North side of the Lake which runs from the City Sucheu to that of Chinkiang so that it discharges its Waters in the River Kiang but yet the Course of it is stopp'd up there by a Sluce which is drawn up or let down when they please But as they travel from Sucheu to Ukiang or from Ukiang to Sucheu is a Stone Bridge resting on three hundred Arches by which the Channel is divided from the Lake Tai. On this Bridge they draw their Vessels along by a Line it being built for that purpose that they need not lie still there with their Ships Without the Walls of the City stands a Custom-house where they pay no Custom for Goods but for the Ships according to their Burthen and it is said that this Custom comes Annually to ten hundred thousand Ducats or five hundred thousand Pound Sterling whereby it may easily be judg'd how many Ships go constantly up and down this River whereas all the Emperor's Vessels or those that carry any thing to the Court pay nothing Many of the Emperor's greatest Barques call'd Lunchyven past by whilst the Hollanders Rid at Anchor there The City is Govern'd by a Conbon or Governor who at that time was a Leaohing Chinese and highly belov'd by all Persons After the Netherlanders were gone about a League from the City they pass'd by Xuciquan a large Village and in the Afternoon saw two hundred of the Emperor 's great Barques lying at Anchor In the Evening they arriv'd at the South-East side of the Suburb Usie having that day with Sailing and Towing pass'd six Leagues in several Courses Usie the second substitute City to the fifth Metropolis Changcheu signifies Wanting of Tin for formerly on Mount Sie near Fusie the Chineses found a great deal of that Metal but in the beginning of the Reign of the Imperial Family of Han most of the Mines were exhausted for which reason the City receiv'd that Denomination Here the Hollanders found many Stone Ovens in which they Bake or harden with Heat to that purpose all manner of Stone In the Morning being the first of April they proceeded on their Journey and Sailing about a Musquet-shot from the Walls of Usie which leaving on their Lar-board they arriv'd at the North-Suburb where having stay'd some time for Coelies or Men to Tow them they went forward again About Noon they Sail'd through Unquouw a Village situate on both sides of the Channel where they saw divers Vessels full of Indigo which the Masters of them said was to be had at Sinchian and Sucheu and towards the Evening arriv'd at the Village Gongling where they stay'd all that Night having that day Sail'd three Leagues and a half in a Northerly Course The second in the Morning leaving the Village Gongling and after half a Leagues Towing through the Village Syksiovyem they dropp'd Anchor in the Evening on the North side of the City Siucheuw otherwise call'd Cbangcheu that there they might furnish themselves with fresh Coelies but none being to be had there so suddenly they were forc'd to stay that Night having not gain'd above two Leagues in a North-West Course all that day The reason why they made no greater speed was because the Channel was very full of the Emperor's Barques which by reason of their Bulk and deep Lading made but little way and the Channel so narrow that they could not pass them The sides of this Channel near the City are rais'd with much braver Stone than the other parts The third
for Shipping the Vessels and Barques that come Laden to this City with all sorts of Merchandize from most places in China here pay Custom to three Treasurers chosen for that purpose On the North side you may see a Bridge with nine Arches over which they pass from one part of the City to the other one of which Arches is made so artificially that it may be remov'd and give Passage to the biggest Vessels after they have paid their Custom The City seated in a plain and Sandy Soil hath a Mud-Wall Fortifi'd on the top with Stone Breast-works having on the North side fifteen Bulwarks and two Redoubts Half a League from the Walls on the North side of the City is an exceeding high Tower built with eight corners rising from the Ground with nine Galleries every one nine Cubits above another so that the whole heighth amounts to ninety Cubits The Out-Wall consists of fine Porcelane Earth curiously adorn'd with Imagery and Painting the Inner of various colour'd Marble Pollish'd as smooth as Glass especially the Black The Ascent is by a pair of winding Stairs not made in the middle but betwixt two Walls which hath its Entrance at every Story and from thence to the Marble Galleries and Gilded Iron Rails which as an Ornament are made round about the Galleries at whose corners hang little Bells in such a manner that being mov'd by the Wind they make a pleasing sound On the uppermost Story stands a great Image thirty Foot high Cast of Copper and Gilt to which being a Goddess the Tower is Dedicated From the upper Gallery the whole City with the adjacent Countrey yield a pleasing and delightful Prospect On one side of this Tower stands a fair Pagode or Temple worth the seeing for the great Gilded Images which are in it In the Afternoon they were Tow'd along the River Guei through the Village Wantouwo and in the dusk of the Evening they arriv'd at Ifong a little Village where they Anchor'd being gotten three Leagues with the Tyde from Linsing This River Guei takes its Original on the West side of Gueihoei the fourth City of Eminency in the Province of Honan and from thence runs with many crooked Meanders between Xantung and Peking and at the Castle Tiencin disembogues into a Bay call'd Cang which borders on the great Indian Ocean The first of Iune Weighing again by break of Day they had sight of Oepoeye and Wankelo two pretty Villages at Noon they were Tow'd Easterly by the City of Vohincheen but without stay so in the Afternoon passing Sangnes about the Evening they arriv'd at Chianmaing where they were to change their Toers having that day gain'd five Leagues in several Courses The second in the Morning having gotten fresh Coelies they set out from Chiamaing and past by Tsasuang and Singkiakouw and in the Evening they arriv'd at the City of Oesingjeen or Uciening otherwise call'd Vuching the fourteenth City belonging to the Metropolis Tungchang in the Province of Xantung where they cast Anchor Vuching lies Inclos'd with a square Wall on the East side of the River having on the same a well-built Suburb This day they gain'd five Leagues and a half according to the Course of the Stream which thereabouts is full of windings and shallow Water The third in the Morning they reach'd the Villages Thunloo Soenusoe and Teckchiouw and at Noon arriv'd at the City Taatchiouw otherwise call'd Tachu This City lieth in a Square as most of the other Cities in China built on the right side of the River Guei as you go up the same it is inlarg'd with a fair and Populous Suburb The City it self though full of handsom Houses yet hath lost much of his former Luster suffering in the last Tartar Wars The Wall is about thirty Foot high well built and Fortifi'd with Bulwarks and Breast-works The chiefest Trade of the Inhabitants consists in the Brewing of as we may call it Chinese Beer which the Tartars Transport from thence to other places Here they lay still a little while waiting for fresh Toers which having gotten they Weigh'd again and came that Evening to Soukuntang a Village where they staid to change their Toers again having this day gain'd six Leagues and a half The next Morning being the fourth having gotten other Coelies they proceeded on their Journey and past by some Vessels that were come from Peking in one of which was the General of the Province of Quantung sent thither to succeed him that was then there having in regard of his great Age desir'd a Writ of Ease About nine a Clock they Landed at Sangjueen where they tarry'd some time from thence going on in the Afternoon they came to Ghanning and Seufeukhouw and against the Evening at Lienuchoe where they Anchor'd having that day gone six Leagues According to the information of the Villagers here the Province of Xantung parted from that of Peking though others will have it that those two Provinces are separated by the City Taatchiouw The fifth in the Morning they Weigh'd at break of Day and Sailing down the River with a fair Wind from Lienuhoe they past about eight a Clock by Taloeveen at nine a Clock Westward by the City Tonquangchien or Tungquiang on the South side of the River Guei about a Musquet shot up into the Countrey This City as the rest built Square contains about an Hours walk in Circumference Inviron'd with strong Walls and deep Moats In the Market-place in the middle of the City stands a great Iron Lyon and the Countrey about is planted with all manner of Trees pleasant to behold At Noon they Landed at Ieusang in the Evening at Poethouw where they dropt Anchor waiting for new Toers having this Day Sail'd four Leagues in the Province of Peking The next Morning so soon as Day-light appear'd they left Poethouw with a fair Wind and new Toers and in the Forenoon past Suskiajeen Sjenzoctan Swykvao Sakkiavoy Siensiteen Fonkiakoul Sangui and Suangcho and at Noon arriv'd at the City of Siangchiouw where they found other Toers ready with which they immediately went away again and past that Afternoon by Paliswang Zaysisung Ulchilitung Soucoulthon Suckiaswun Sang Isuang Ul and Vly besides many Pagodes and Hamlets of decay'd Houses and arriv'd in the Evening at the City of Chinche where they lay still that Night to be furnish'd with fresh Coelies The seventh before Day-light new Coelies coming they immediately went on their Journey and very early past by and through several Villages viz. Sanquesucan Iaquacouw Tonchekouw Palisuang and about eight a Clock they went Eastward along by the City Chingchee By this City a River running up into the Countrey takes its Course to the South soon after they went by Sayetwang Masang Haysoemat and Suang At Noon they past thorow Lioucho where they should have chang'd their Toers but the Wind blowing very fair they past by without striking Sail which favoring them all the Afternoon they went by nine Villages
thus described On each side before the Gates stand two Marble Stones in a manner like Steps to get on Horseback from before the Entrance of the Palace runs a Wall about six Foot high behind which opens a small Entry or Alley in the middle whereof stands the prime Portico or chief Stone Gate to which they go mounted on Steps with two Chambers on the right and three on the left-hand which have their Entrances into the little Alley beyond this Gate opens a great Court where on the right-Hand stand three and on the left-Hand four Chambers At the end of this first Court is another Gate which they first ascend on Steps and having pass'd through it descend again on the other side into a second Court in the middle whereof on each side a Gate or Door with Steps leads to the Halls that are on both sides of this Court behind which is also a great Hall and beyond that a third Court of the same form as the second and at last appears a stately Garden surrounded with a Wall of twenty Hand high and cut through in the middle with a pav'd Way A Draught of the first Ground-plat of a House for Chineses of indifferent Quality 1 THe chief Door of the House under a small Gallery which serves in stead of a Penthouse 2 Prime Courts pav'd with Free-Stone 3 Chief Halls in the House 4 A wooden Partition with a little Room in the middle in manner like a Chappel in which stand Carv'd Images and before them perfuming Vessels and Lamps 5 A narrow Entry behind the Partition which hinders the sight into the chief Hall 6 Two inner Chambers 7 Two Halls or Dining-Rooms 8 A great House for Poultrey Cattel and the like A Draught of the second Ground-plat of a House for a Rich Chinese or Mandarin of ordinary Quality 1 A Portal before the Gate 2 The chief and onely Gate of the whole House 3 The Entry or Gallery 4 A Partition of Wood to prevent the sight from without into the House 5 An open Court pav'd neatly with Free-Stone 6 Cover'd Halls 7 The chiefest Hall 8 A Wooden Partition with a Chappel in the middle in which the Images stand as also Candles Lamps and Vessels to burn Perfume in before them 9 A narrow Entry behind the wooden Partition which hinders the Prospect into the Hall and open Court 10 Chambers in which the Master of the House Lodges 11 Narrow Entries through which they go into all the Chambers and inner 12 Apartments for Slavesses and other Female-Servants 13 Little Chambers for Slaves and Men-Servants 14 A Stable for Cattel A Draught of a third Ground-Plat of Royal Houses and the Houses of very rich Mandarins 1 THe Front Gate 2 The chief and onely Door of the House 3 The Entry or Gallery 4 A Partition of Wood which prevents the sight from without into the House 5 Open Courts cover'd neatly with square Free-Stone 6 7 Chief cover'd Halls 8 Little Entries through which they go into all the Courts and Chambers of the House 9 A Partition of Wood in the last Hall with a Chappel in the middle in which as before stand Carv'd Images Candles Lamps and perfuming Vessels 10 Narrow Entries behind the great wooden Partition which hinders those from being seen that walk in the Hall 11 A wooden Partition in the first Hall between the first chief Court which stops the prospect into the other open places 12 Pedestals of the Pillars which support the Roof of the first Hall which stands at the end of the first Court. 13 Handsom Chambers in which the Lord of the House resides 14 Lesser Rooms in which his Concubines Slavesses and other Women dwell 15 Small Apartments for Servants and Slaves 16 The Stable Thus much concerning their Houses Of their Shipping FRom the building of their Houses we may conjecture what their Shipping may be notwithstanding they are us'd in another Element and serve for other occasions The Chinese Vessels are several viz. Warlike Imperial Ships for the Governors others that carry the Fish sent to the Emperor's Court Longzons Snake-Vessels or rather Pleasure-Boats and the like besides floating Villages on Canes joyn'd together with a tough Twig call'd Rotang An incredible number of Vessels are continually found in China Sailing from one place to another for the Countrey is Navigable in most parts by convenience of the Rivers every where for the Way from the City Makao to the Metropolis Peking being a Tract of about three hundred German Miles may all be travell'd by Water along Rivers or artificial Channels except one days Journey which is over the Mountain of Mintin between the City Nanhang of the Province of Quantung and the City Nanking in the Province of Quangsi In like manner they can go from the Province of Chikiang in their Barges along the Rivers through that of Suchuen nay there is scarce any City either little or great in all China to which they cannot come by Water because the whole Countrey is not onely naturally full of Rivers but are also divided and subdivided by industry into several Channels and Rivulets But their Ships that lie in several Bays and Harbors resemble Woods Such an innumerable and vast number of Shipping are in the Province of Fokien that the Inhabitants thereof proffer'd the Emperor of China when on a time he resolv'd to War against the Iapanners to make him a Bridge or Cawsey of Ships that should reach from their Coast to Iapan and well it might have been done if they could have endur'd the turbulency of the Sea Amongst all other the Imperial Ships belonging to the Governors are the best and stoutest and indeed in curious Work and Ornamentals exceed ours in Europe they shew in the Water like Towers or Castles and are on both sides divided into several Apartments in the middle is a stately Room provided with all manner of Necessaries and Hung with Tapestry and furnish'd in State with whatever belongs to a Princes Palace in stead of Glass Windows they have Silk varnish'd and painted with Flowers Birds Trees and the like which is so close that no Wind penetrates Round about the Ship on the Deck are Galleries and Rails between which the Sea-men or Mariners can do their Business without any trouble or disturbance The whole Ship is varnish'd with the Wax by the Chineses call'd Cie which gives a great lustre being also mix'd with divers Colours the in-side is painted with Birds Beasts Cities and the like in Golden Colours the proper Livery of the Emperor which are worthy of observation and very delightful to the Eye They use no Nails in all their Ships because the Timber and Planks are pegg'd together with wooden Pins The Chinese Vessels are in length equal with our Mediterranean Galleys but are not so high and broad on a Ladder of Leather with twelve Steps they get into them The Prow where the Drummers beat and Trumpeters sound their Levets is made like a Castle Upon
Mountain is call'd Tienmuen that is Heaven Gate then running by Chinkiang at last disembogues it self through a great Bay into the Ocean wherein lies in a small Isle the City Cinkiang Garrison'd with Soldiers and Fortifi'd with Ships on both sides the Shores are for the most part built with great and small Cities Villages and Hamlets Before its fall from the City Kieukiam into the Sea a Tract of above a hundred Leagues the Kiang glides so gently that the Ships may Sail up the same with or against the Wind and some Tides especially Spring-Tides a strange thing to relate the Water running up so far in the Countrey that Sea-Fish are there taken In this Stream lie several Isles as Pequey that is of the white Tortel in the third County Hoangcheufu of the Province of Huquang In this County Kincheufu of the Province of Huquang a little Island call'd Peli which signifies An hundred Furlongs lies near the City Chikiang in the River Kiang In ancient times as the Chineses write it was nine small Isles which afterwards by the falling of the Waters and increase of Sands became one intire Island On the South-side of the City Kiangning lies an Island call'd Pelu famous because not far from it the Armies of the Southern Provinces were in the time of the Family Sung beaten and utterly routed Near the City Kiang lieth the Isle Chancung and on the South-West side another call'd Tengxu The Yellow River the second in Magnitude and most famous in all China and by them nam'd Hoang is so call'd from the colour of the Water occasion'd by the Yellow Mud or Clay Earth which from the Spring to the Sea it glides over It is always disturb'd and made thick by a Yellow Soil which it carries along because this Mud which gives the denomination and doth not as in other clear Waters shine from the Ground but discolours being rais'd by the swift and strong Current of the Water after the manner of Rivulets which swell by Rains the whole River as hath often been found by experience for when its Water is for a little while put into a Vessel or Glass the sediment sinks so fast down to the bottom that it makes almost a third part and indeed this River at the first sight seems to be a Pool or flowing Mud but the swift Current of its Waters manifests the contrary Those that frequent this River make the Water clear by casting in Allom which drives the Lees to the Ground and fills the fourth part of the Vessel It is a great wonder from whence such abundance of Clay or Mud proceeds considering it hath never been seen clear or bright nay the Chineses say That its Water cannot be clear in the time of a thousand Years insomuch that they have a Proverb from thence amongst them viz. when they speak of things that are never like to happen as altogether impossible they say When the Yellow River shall be bright Moreover the Hoang as a Foraigner entering from without into China takes Original out of the Southern Amasian Mountains otherwise call'd Quonlun and by the Inhabitants Otunlao which lie not far from the great Mogul's second Court nam'd Laor or from the Kingdom of Tibet Nay the situation of the places shew that the River Ganges in Bengale the Meson in Laor and other famous Rivers which moisten the Countries of Siam and Pegu have their Originals from these Mountains before-mention'd for the Chineses also manifest that many great Rivers have their head Springs and Fountains there leaving these Mountains it runs by Sifan and Tanyu a Tract of above 300 Leagues with abundance of Water to the North-East from whence descending to the East it approaches China near the County of Linyaofu in the Province of Xensi at the West end of the Great Wall along which it rushes and passes on through a part of the Kingdom of Tanyu between the Desart Karacatay otherwise Samo afterwards through the Desart it self with a swift Course and several Branches to the East and North a Tract of two thousand Furlongs from whence it turns South-West to China and in forty Degrees and eighteen Minutes Northern-Latitude runs through the Gate Se in the Great Wall of China and shoots along between the Province of Xansi and that of Xensi and in the Latitude of thirty six Degrees enters into the Province of Honan and out of that into the Province of Xantung near the City Cao from whence it runs towards the South-East and passes on through the Northern part of the Province of Nanking and discharges it self at last with great violence into the Sea in thirty two Degrees and a half Northern-Latitude The Hoang generally falls with such an incredible swiftness that no Boats can Row against it but are forc'd up with a far greater number of Toers than in the River Kiang In some places it is above half a League and others more and extending it self in length above eight hundred Leagues oftentimes rises above its Banks and covers all the neighboring Countreys with Water and Mud. The Chineses describe the Hoang in these or the like words The original of the River Hoang is between the Southern Mountains of Quonlun or Amasian Hills by the Inhabitants call'd Otunlao The Water which makes this River springs from above a hundred Fountains which makes the Lake call'd Singcieu which is forty Furlongs wide the Water running out of it along a Channel makes another lesser Lake from whence the Hoang runs Northward through a little towards the East and soon after washes the Province of Xensi and runs direct East then passing on Northward by the Sandy Fields or Wildernesses from whence it streams Southward into China and through the Province of Xantung discharges it self into the Sea Thus far the Chinese Writer In former times this River us'd also to run through the Province of Peking and Xantung but its Course is since by the art and labor of the Chineses led another way thereby to prevent the overflowing the fore-mention'd Countreys which by reason of their Champain Lands that extend themselves a great way in breadth and length should not be subject to its often inundating Streams yet nevertheless the Chineses have left a little Branch thereof as a testimony of its ancient Course thither After having given you an account of the two famous Rivers the Kiang and Hoang take a brief Relation of all the particular Streams both small and great which distinctly water every Province in the Empire of China THe River Io takes its original out of the Lake Si lying Westward of the Mountain Iociven in the County of Pekingfu from whence it passes through the Emperor's Palace and gliding through it with many artificial Trenches and meandring Inlets waters the Gardens and also makes several Lakes The Stream Lukeu which is call'd Sangean takes its beginning in the County of Taitungfu in the Province of Xansi out of the Mountain Iueny from whence it runs North-East and
at the City Hoaigin receives the River He which makes the Lake Kiuncun and thence proceeding on its Course enters Northward of the Fort Guei into the Province of Peking where enlarged by the Stream Guei which hath its original in the same County Taitingfu out of the Mountains near the City Quangchang it divides the whole Territory Pekingfu and gliding Southward by the City Paogan with a broader Channel passes under a large Stone Bridge and receives the Stream Caoleang which out of the Yellow Kiver through the Great Wall falls into the Province of Peking from thence passing towards the South-East rowls along South-West by the Metropolis Peking where a Stone Bridge with many Arches lies over the same then bending Southerly passes East by the Cities of Fungan and Iungein where after having receiv'd the Rivers Yo and Pe disembogues it self at last in the Bay of Sang. The River Kiuto hath its original in the Province of Xansi out of the Mountain Cinhi from whence it glides Eastward by the Cities Tai and Kicchi and aftewards Southerly receives by the way the Stream Linsui with which to the Northward of the City Henping it enters into the Province of Peking which it almost cuts through the Counties Chintingfu Paotungfu and Pekingfu and at last near the Garrison of Tiencin discharges its Waters being joyn'd with the River Guei into the Sea It receives by the way several Brooks and Rivulets as in the County Chinting near the City Lingxui that of Quei more Eastward the Stream Fi near the City Tuilo the Ta in the County Paoting by the City Poye the Kinguen afterwards the Channel call'd In which out of the Mountain Yekon stretching from the North to the West glides round about within the City and with its winding Arms makes the Island Pehoa and at last the Streams Ye and Fan. The River Ye divides Northward the County Paotingfu beginning Westward in the Mountain Culeang reaches towards the South by the City Ye and receives by the way in the County Xuntienfu the Fan glides Eastward between the Mountain Non and Southward by the City Paoting where it unites its Waters with the River Kiuto The Chokiang hath its beginning in the Province of Xansi out of the Mountain Kieu lying near the City Sin from whence it runs Eastward through the utmost Northern Point of the Province of Honan to the North by the City Xe and passing through the Counties Xuntefu and Quangpingfu enters the Province of Peking from whence it glides through the Lake Talo into the County Chintingfu and at last poures its Waters into the River Guei in the Territory of Hokienfu near the Mountain Si and the City Sing This Stream Chekiang receives several Rivulets by the way The River Guei which rises in the Province of Honan in the County Gueichoeifu on the West side of the City runs along to the North by the same from thence entring the Province of Peking glides to the North-East between the Borders of the Province of Peking and that of Xantung receives near the City Lincing in the Province of Xantung the Water of the Channel Iun and in the County of Hokienfu the River Chaohang and at last with the Kiuto disembogues it self near the Garrison Tieucin into the Bay of Sang. The Water of this River hath a peculiar property at the place where it receives the artificial Channel Iun as the Netherlanders in their Embassies to the Emperor of China have twice observ'd that is Throw nine Sticks of an equal length into the River and six of them after a little lying still will move to the South and three to the North. This River in its Course receives several Rivulets as the Si Chang Ki Ming and Fu The Si takes its beginning in the Mountain Cu Northward of the same City in the County Chungtefu and Province of Honan and passes through the County Quangpingfu Southward to the City Quangping and Eastward to the Guei The Chang which hath its original near the City Lugan in the neighboring Mountain Sin in the Province of Xansi runs from thence through the Province of Honan Northward of the City Changte and accordingly into the Guei and in the way thither by the City Luching receives a small Rivulet which hath its original in the Mountain call'd Lin. The Ming a Stream whose Fountain Head is Northward of the City Quangping takes its Course South-East towards the Guei The Fu which begins in the Province of Honan in the County of Luganfu Northward from the City Liching runs through the Province of Honan into the Guei The River Ki takes original with several Branches in the County Guehoei of the Province of Honan especially in the Mountains Sumei and Choayang from whence one Branch runs by the City Ki and then glides North-East into the Guei The Hoei belongs properly to the Province of Pingyangfu and springs from the Mountain Vanquo near the City Ieching from whence passing Westward glides by the South-side of the Cities Hia Vanciven Lincin and Pu where it falls into the Yellow River and by the way Northward receives the Kiang The Sin which waters the Ce a City in the Province of Xansi almost surrounding the same hath his Fountain in the County of Pingyangfu Northward from the Mountain Mien from whence it passes Southward into the County of Hoaikingfu Eastward from the City Vucheu and joyns with the Yellow River The River Tan which cuts through a part of the little County Ce in the Province of Xansi beings to the Northward from the City Caoping and runs Eastward in the Province of Honan where it unites with the River Ki. Tan signifies Red for the Water thereof is of a bloody colour notwithstanding as the Chineses relate it hath been clear formerly but hath receiv'd that colour from the Blood of a Loyal Governor call'd Pe who was his own Executioner on the Banks of the fore-mention'd River The Streams Iang and Io begin Northward in the Mountains of the County of Ienping and pass through the same to the South but at the City Vunning unite themselves into one Body which Eastward of the Garrison Yu discharges its Waters into the Bay of Cang Through the same County run also two other Rivers viz. the Y and Cie the first begins above the County Pekingfu from the Mountain Petam the other out of the East-Tartary without the Great Wall where it divides it self into two Arms the one call'd Hing and the other Hoang The Rivers Y and Cie make one Channel near the City Lo and disembogue themselves in the Bay of Cang The Guei a pleasant River in the Province of Peking in the Western part of the Province of Xensi in the County Linyaofu near the City Gueiyven and runs from thence winding to the South-East through the Counties of Cungchangfu Fungciangfu and Siganfu to the North by the chief City Sigan where it receives the River King and poures at last its clear Waters
into the Yellow River near the City Puching in the County of Siganfa The River King spreads it self with several Branches as the Streams Kin and Haoting through the County Pingleangfu from whence it goes on Eastward leaving the City King to the West afterwards Southerly poures its Waters East from the chief City Sigan into the River Guei The Stream Yao which takes original out of Sifan otherwise call'd Prester-Iohns Countrey or Tibet descends Southward through the County of Linyaofu and with great abundance of Water roaring like Thunder rowls along Northerly by the City Linyao and at last enlarg'd with the Stream Tahia falls into the Yellow River near the Mountain Ciexe The Stream Hoan another besides the fore-mention'd great River Hoang springs up in the Mountains Taise or Ulum in the County of Kingyangfu from whence gliding towards the South by the City Hoang and near the City Fungiven in the County Siganfu unites it self with the River Kiang The Yung Guei Puon Ring and U. are Rivers which glides through the County Fungyangfu all of them contributing their Waters into the River Guei The Han or Tungchan a Stream which begins in the County of Cungchangfu in the Mountains Cheuchi through which falling Eastward afterwards winds Southward then enters the County of Hanchungfu through which it cuts especially with two Branches one Eastern which begins about the City Fung the other Western which comes out of the Mountains about the City Mincheu then both these Branches uniting glides enrich'd with Water Navigable for Ships by the Name of Tan South-East and pass through the County of Cingyangfu into the Province of Huquang From thence the Han runs through the Counties of Siangyanfu and Chintienfu and at last after a long Course poures its Waters into the Lake Yeuchi and the River Kiang near the City Hanyang Several Rivulets discharge their Waters into this Stream into which the River Guei glides out of the Mountains Io through the Counties of Siganfu and Hanchungfu The River Vuting runs out of the Mountains near the City Ganting through the County of Ienganfu Southward by the City Cingkien and poures its Waters united with the Stream Kiemo into the Yellow River It is generally by the Chineses call'd The Unconstant because in its Course amongst the Sands it is sometimes shallow and sometimes deep The Stream Kiemo passes through the same County from the South to the North and begins in the Mountains Kicinu and gliding Westward by the Cities Paogan and Iengan and with the Vuting falls into the Yellow River The Water of this Stream is said to be so thin and aerial that no pieces of Timber nor wooden Vessels can swim upon it but sink like Iron The River Io runs to the South by the Garrison Xaucheu towards the East and unites it self Southward of the Fort Culang with the River Hoanting which comes out of Tibet and running both through one Mouth fall into the Yellow River How far this River Io glides Westward is not mention'd by the Chineses THe Stream Yo runs by the City Chaoykieu in the County of Cinanfu and takes its original out of the neighboring Mountain Hosien The River Ci takes its beginning in the Stream Sun in the County of Yencheufu and passes North-Eastward through the County of Cinanfu beyond which it divides it self into two Branches the one call'd The Northern and the other The Southern Cing and both discharge their Waters in the Xangen Bay at the dividing it receives the River Mingto which glides Westward out of the Mountain Minxe The Stream Ven which passes through the County Vencheufu begins near the City Taigan from whence gliding by the Cities Ningyang and Vengang disembogues near the City Cinning Westward of the Lake Nanuang in the Channel Iun. The River Si begins near the City Suxui from whence running Westward divides its self into two Arms the Eastern whereof is call'd Tang between which the City Kooheu lieth like an Island both these Arms uniting themselves again and enrich'd with the Water of the River Io fall through one Mouth into the same Channel Iun. The Pelang a River which springs out of the Mountains near the City Sintai in the County of Cinanfu passes Northward through the Territory of Cincheufu and gliding by the Cities Changlo and Xeuquan discharges its Waters into the Bay of Xang on the way the Rivers Hoaoquei and Chi flow into the same 〈◊〉 the West side and on the East the River Si. The Stream Kiao runs from the South to the North through the middle of the County of Lucheufu beyond the City Pinghtie and poures its Waters Westward of the Fort Haicolang into the Cangang Bay Kiao signifies Mudstream because of the thickness of the Water The River Vi begins in the County Cincheufu Northward of the City Mung in the Mountain Tapico from whence it descends Northward through the County of Laichenfu beyond the City Camie and disembogues into the Bay of Xang This River being stopt in its Course by one Zansin when his Countrey was invaded with Bags fill'd with Sand which drowning the Champain defeated his Enemies The Y or Su begins in the Mountains Westward of the City Kiu belonging to the County of Cincheufu and Southward from the City Mungin from whence gliding South by the East-side of the City Y it enters the Province of Nanking and then falls into the Channel Nun Northward from the Yellow River The Stream Hucu springs in the West from the Mountain Lie Northward from the City Po in the County of Tungchanfu from whence gliding Eastward it unites with the Channel Iun Southward from the City Iangco in the County of Iencheufu Eastward from the City Kao the Si flows out of the Lake Lui and runs towards the South into the Yellow River THe Streams Kinxui Iu Xeleang Pien Cu Quei and the Yellow River cut through the County of Caifungfu The River Kinxui which comes out of the Mountain Xeyang in the County of Honanfu goes Eastward through Caifungfu into the River Pien which takes its beginning out of the Yellow River in the County of Caifungfu Westward of the City Hoin and glides East by the South side of the Kity Caifung from whence running on to the South-East through the County of Queitefu it passes by the West side of the City Ningling then passes on through the County of Fungyangfu in the Province of Nanking and by the City Lingpi unites it self again with the Yellow River The Stream Quei divides the County of Caifungfu with several Branches and seems to take its original out of the Lake Si Westward from the City Hiu from whence it passes East and afterwards South through the same County and by the West side of the Cities Hiangching and Xinkian then passing through the County of Fungyangfu in the Province of Nanking where changing its Name and taking up that of Ing at last falls Southerly into the Hoai The River Cin which begins in the County
of Caifungfu and the Mountains Iuling North from the City Iu runs East to the City Ienling then gliding Southward unites with the Stream Quei The River Iu takes Original out of the Lake Quanching lyeth West from the City Iu where it joyns it self with the River Scenal and from thence flows through the County Iu afterwards East through the North part of the County Nanyangfu and at last turning its course through the County Iunningfu towards the South it falls into the River Hoai near the City Quang The Xoleang whose Head is in the County Honanfu Southward from the Mountains Xeyang flows from thence Southerly to the West side of the County Caifungfu and unites its self at the entrance into the County Iuningfu with the River Iu. Through the County Queitefu flows the Streams Pien describ'd before the Cin and Hoang or Yellow River The River Ciu begins in the County Caifungfu Westward from the City Chinglieu and runs Southward through the County Queitefu by the South-side of the City Queite afterwards East and again South by the Mountain Tang and enters near the City Tangxan into the Province of Nanking and soon after into the Yellow River The Rivers Lo and Ganyang otherwise call'd Von pass by the City Liu where they loose themselves under-ground several Furlongs but soon after appear again The Ki which divides the County Hoaikingfu comes out of the Mountain Vanno where falling under-ground soon after makes the Lake Taye from whence gliding Eastward into the Yellow River is call'd the Ci. Through the County Honanfu the Rivers Chan Kien Ko or Lo and Y The River Y begins near the City Luxi in the Mountain Lu and gliding Eastward unites with the Co or Lo near the City Honan The Lo or Co an excellent River comes out of the County Siganfu from the Mountain Lo in the Province of Xensi from whence it passes North North-East by the East side of the City Iunning where it receives the River Hivenhu and unites it self at last near the City Hanan with the River Y with which it glides from thence into the Yellow River The Stream Kien which begins in Mount Pexe to the Southward of the Yellow River runs Eastward into the River Y and Eastward from the City Honan the River Chan glides to the North. The Rivers Yo or Pe Tan Pie and Hoai through the Territory Nanyangfu The Pe or Yo beginning in the North of this County in the Mountain Yu from whence it runs South and passes through the Territory Cingyangfu into the Province of Huquang gliding Eastward by the City Quanghoa and immediately after into the River Tunghan The Pie which begins Westward from the City Yu runs Southward and unites with the Stream Pe on the Borders of the Province of Huquang The Tan begins at the West side of the City Nuihiang and shoots from thence South-East by the South part of the Towns Checheuen and Sinye and at last falls into the Pe. The Palu which begins on the Northern Borders of the Province of Huquang glides North-East into the River Hoai East from the City Quang The Sienul springs out of the Mountain Ri near the City Tenfung in the County Honangfu from whence it glides South-West into the Territory Iu Eastward from the Lake Quangching The Chu which begins in the County Chintufu Southward from the City Ginxeu passes South through the same and towards the West by the City Ninkiang unites with the Stream Yoyung which coming out of the County Tungchuen receives another River near the Mountain Loking which hath its Original in the Territory Chintufu The Chu thus inrich'd with Water glides to the South and takes the Name of Chung and so passes on through the County Sincheufu and at last towards the East through the County of the City Lincheu and disembogues Southward of the City Hokiang into the River Kiang The Kiang which from North to South runs through the whole County of Chingtufu under the Name of Takiang runs Southward by the West side of the City Muen and receives on the East the River Yolung after which it divides near the City Sinfung into several Branches which about and near the City Chingtu joyn together and surrounding the City and adjacent Countrey make it an Isle One of these Branches which run to the Southward of the City is call'd Kin and generally also Damask River because its Water gives a great Gloss to Silk if it be wash'd therein Another more towards the West is call'd Chia or Hoanglang that is Yellow Dragon for it is said that in the time of the Family Han a Yellow Dragon was seen in the same but glides towards the South through the County of the City Muicheu and Kiating and falls at last near the City Muicheu into Kiang or Taking The Lungchoa running out of the County of the City Muicheu to the South-West and North by the City Gueiyven discharges its Water in the Che or Cin. The Cin which begins in the Mountains Cinsing in the Territory Yacheufu falls Southward through the same County by the East side of the City Yacheu afterward through that of Kiating and at last Westward by the City Kiating where it unites with the River To or Tatu The River Chocung which hath its Original in the Territory of Kiungchoa in the Mountain Gomui passes through the Southern parts thereof and through the County of Kiating into the Stream Takiang or Kiang This River is eminent amongst the Chineses for a wonderful accident that happen'd to a Woman who walking along its Bank saw a great Cane standing on the Water from which hearing a noise and pulling up the Cane found a Child inclos'd therein which she carry'd home with her who breeding it up not long after became a great Conqueror and was call'd Yelang and first on the West side of this River Planted the Kingdom of Yeleang The To or Tatu which runs towards the Kingdom of Sifan is a Branch led from the River Kiang cut by Command of the Emperor Yu to prevent the over-flowing of the River Kiang The Chexu washes the South-West side of the Province Suchuen from whence it glides North-East and falls on the West side into the Lake Mahu Somewhat Northerly the River Lu takes the same course and so ends The Pa taking Original in the Northern Mountains of the County Paoningfu moistens the same and runs Eastward by the City Pa to which it gives denomination and afterwards passes Southward through the County Xunkingfu and near the Mountain Iohoan receives the River Chai near the City Tacho the River Lin near the City Riu the Stream Yu and unites it self in the County Chungkingfu near the Mountain Tu with the River Sihan or Sung and Feu which all of them with their conjoyn'd Streams fall into the River Kiang Southward from the City Chungking The Pa a River which is so call'd because with its Meandring Reaches it represents the Chinese Character call'd Pa which
signifies Enough The Feu begins in the North part of the Province of Suchuen in the County Lungganfu on the South-West side of the City Lunggan passing from thence South through this and the Territory Chingtufu and Eastward by the City Tungchuen from whence it bends East and glides through the County Chunkingfu where near the Mountain Pu it mingles with the Ta. The Chuen which springs in the Mountains Northward from the City Quanggan in the County Xankingfu and gliding South by the West side of the City Quanggan more Southerly by the West side also of the City Gochi at the end of the County falls into the River Sung or Sihan In it are thirty six deep Water-falls where it descends violently with great noise The Sung by some call'd Sihan begins in the Province of Xensi in thirty Degrees and fifty Minutes Northern-Latitude at the East side of the Garrison Mincheu from whence it passes Southward and in thirty three Degrees and forty Minutes North-Latitude enters the Province of Suchuen then running through the County Paoningfu by the West side of the City Zangki receives the Tung falling out of the Mountain Xeyen so gliding by the City Paoning enters at last into the Territory of Chungkingfu and near the Mountain Fu joyns with the Rivers Pa and Feu which all loose themselves near the City Chungking in the River Kiang The Xe which rises in the Mountains Westward from the City Kien passes Southward through the Mountain Tapa and with several Windings glides Eastward by the City Lenting and Xehung then passing on South-East makes way through the County of Xunkingfu and mixes at the South-end thereof with the River Sihan or Sung The Xemuen or Heng runs through the South part of the Territory Siucheufu by the South-West side of the City Siucheu with great force and Precipices call'd the Bell because it makes a noise like a Bell re-sounding with Ecchoes Lastly the River Xemuen falls in the Kiang The Stream Cingy also passing on the East side of the same Territory fills the River Kiang The Cing and Tosiang cut through the Territory Queicheufu the first which takes Original in the Lake Cingyven and falls joyn'd with the Tosiang which glides out of the Lake Cienking into the Kiang Eastward from the City Queicheu Cing signifies Clear because its water is clearer than any other Rivers in this Province The Tahoa which passes through the South side of the County Chunkingfu glides Northward by the West side of the City Vulung and falls on the West side also of the City Changxu into the River Kiang The Kiu or Kiukiang begins with two Branches the one call'd Piniao in the South part of the Province of Queicheu Westward from the City Luken and with the other in the Province of Suchuen Southward of the Mountain Fuyung from whence it glides North-East along the South-East side of the Province of Suchuen afterwards running Northerly into the County Chunkingfu falls Eastward of the City Changxeu into the River Kiang By the way the Ciu receives on the North side of the Garrison Pingchai the Nanyang and in the County Vunkingfu the Stream U Northward from the City Pengxui THe Han which runs through the North part of the Countrey Vuchanfu falls Westward of the little City Vuchan into the Kiang The water of the Han is exceeding cold insomuch that it makes the Air about the same temperate in the Dog-Days for which cause the Kings in times past built a Palace over the same to reside in the Summer The Io springs in the Mountains Southward from the City Vuchan and runs Northerly through the middle of the City into the Kiang The Sui takes Original in the Mountains Eastward from the City Tangzan and glides North-West into the Kiang through the South part of this County passes another Branch which also discharges in the Kiang The Cha divides the whole County Teganfu and takes Original in the Mountain Tahaung from whence it passes Southward by the East side of the City Sui and inlarg'd with the Stream Tuen on the West side and with others on the East side out of the Lake Tuigmung by the West part of the City Tegan at last mixt near the City Iungmuug with the River Hoan which comes out of the Lake Tungmung it falls by the Name of Hoan into the River Han. The Ki which glides through the County of Hoangcheufu out of the Lake Uheu Westward by the City Ki falls into the River Kiang The same Territory is also cut through by two other Streams viz. Hi and Lungsiang which both coming out of the North mingles with the Kiang The Mie which glides through the County Yocheufu springs from the Mountain Tienho from whence it shoots North-West into the River Siang and with that into the Kiang The Lieu begins in the Lake Pexa which produces four Rivers and gliding North-West through the Territory Chanxafu empties it self into the County Iocheufu in the River Siang The Mielo proceeds from the joyning of two Streams viz. Lieu and Chao originally springing out of the County Paokingfu and passing Westward by the City Siangiin at last falls into the River Taohao or Siang The Mielo receives by the way another Stream call'd Can which comes out of the Lake Pexa This River is eminent because it was the occasion of a great Feast by the Chineses call'd Tuonu which with all Solemnity is kept on the fifth day of the fifth Moon through all parts of China in Commemoration of a Loyal Governor who not able to serve his Master the Emperor any longer Drown'd himself in this River The Siang rises at the conjoyning Borders of the Province Huquang and that of Quangsi in the Mountain Siung from whence it passes North through the County Iungcheufu where on the West it receives the River Yu and out of this Territory entering into that of Hengcheufu glides afterwards through that of Changxafu where it also receives the Names of Mielo by the West part of the City Siangyan where it unites with the River Tahoa but retains the Name of Siang and at last falls through the Territory Yocheufu into the Kiang Its water may compare with Crystal for clearness and though it be very deep yet the Stones that lie in the bottom may plainly be discern'd The Siao which begins in the Mountain Kieny at the South-West side of the City Ningyven passes from thence close by the East side of the City Iungcheu and towards the North mixes with the Siang receives by the way Northward from the City Ningyven on the West the River Cin and Rivulet Xu on the East the Hoang The Chinghiang and Ciencieu glide from the South to the North through the County Ciencheufu afterwards mixing their Waves together pass along one Channel North-West through the Territory Hengcheufu thence pour their waters into the Siang The Lofeu which comes out of the Northern Mountains in the County of Changxafu runs to the South by the City
Xeu and to the Southward of the City Siatang falls into the River Siang This River is call'd Lofeu because of its excellency and for the abundance of Lampreys that breed in the same The Gu which begins in the Mountains near the City Vucang glides from the South to the North through the County Paokinfu and passes over many Rocky Falls and receives on its West side Southward from the City Paoking the River Tuleang and in the Territory Xincheufu near the City Xopu another Rivulet call'd Xo from whence it passes along the West side of the County of Changxafu where it is nam'd Taohoa and winding towards the East joyns at last near the City Siangyn with the River Siang This River in the County of Paotingfu hath forty eight very troublesom and difficult places for Vessels to pass and most of all on the North side of the City Paoting where there are so many head-strong Falls from broken Rocks that the Chineses have set up a Copper Pillar there to make fast their Vessels to till such time as they have furnish'd themselves with all manner of Necessaries for their Voyage for it would be impossible else to get up their Boats by so many Rocks against the Stream The Ching which passes from the Mountains Eastward from the City Paoking glides to the North by the City Hencheu where soon after it falls into the Siang The U begins in the Mountain near the City Iung and runs by the City Changning The Lang otherwise call'd Yvon and Kiu takes original in the Province of Queicheu Southward from the Garrison Taping where it is call'd Tiechung and passes from thence Northward through the County Sintienfu then Eastward through the Territories Chinyvenfu and Sucheufu and enters into the Province of Huquang near the City Yveni from whence gliding North-East through the Counties Xincheufu and Chatefu it falls at last into the Lake Tungting The Xin passing by the East side of the City Xincheu falls into the Iuen On the South side of the City Lui are five Rivulets viz. Hiung Yeu Yuen Xin and Muon besides one of the same denomination which runs by the City Cienkiang and disembogues in the Tan. By the City Kingling glides the River Y which falls also into the fore-mention'd Tan. The Lungmuen passes by the East side of the City Chingyang having its original in a Mountain of the like Name Westward from the City Choxan begins the River Câ—…ngyang and runs Northward by the City Fang then by the Name of Tanghia bends Eastward and discharges its Waters also in the Tan. The Water of this River suddenly takes all Spots out of Garments and hardens the Edge of Iron and Steel By the City Choxan rushes also the Xangyang which hath a very great Water-fall If any one throw a Stone into it there immediately as they say arises a Thunder Shower The Hiung grows from the conjunction of nine Rivulets in the little County Cincheufu viz. Lang Vry Hiung Xin Lung Sui Quei Vu and Hiung from whence it glides along one Channel through the County of Xincheufu to increase the River Yven The Y or Cing which begins Westward of the Garrison'd City Xi passes Northward and going through the County of Kingcheufu falls into the Kiang The Can runs Westward by the City Nanchang into the Lake Poyang as the River Licufan to the East THe Cau or Chan which runs through the middle of the Province of Kiangfu from the South to the North takes its original in the County Cancheufu Eastward from the City Xuiking from whence it glides South ward by the City Hoeichang and afterwards takes its Course Northerly where not far from the City Cancheu to which it gives denomination it receives the River Chang. This River begins in the County of Nanganfu Westward from the City Nangan on the joint Borders of the Provinces of Kiangsi and Huquang Both these Rivers commixing their Waters make a great Channel on the North side of the City and divide almost the whole Province of Kiangsi then gliding Northward first through the County Cancheufu afterwards through that of Kiegan Eastward from the City Kiegan it self lastly passing through Linkiangfu and Nanchangfu fall Westward from the City Nanchang into the Lake Poyang By the way the Can receives several Streams and Rivers which all have their original in the Province of Kiangsi viz. To the East in the Territory Cancheufu the River U hath its beginning near the City Utu the Kien and Cang near the City Cancheu as in Kieganfu the Stream Lu near the City Kiexui towards the West the Rivers Tao Sui Xoin and Sengting in the County of Linkiangfu Westward the River Yven in Nanchangfu the Hoayang and Xo by the City Kiegan in the Stream Can begins the dangerous Rock call'd Xotapan for from this City the going down this River is very Craggy and dreaded also for the many Vessels that have perish'd there on its Sands and Shelves over which the Water hastes with great swiftness There are eighteen Places where they say the most danger is from whence the Name Xopatan which signifies Eighteen Water-falls is derived Most Vessels take an experienc'd Pilot with them from the City Kiegan to carry them through the fore-mention'd Places The greatest danger is at the City Hoangcung The River Yven or Yu springs in the Mountain Yangchi Northward from the City Iuencheu and in the County of Linkiangfu falls into the Chan. The Lu which begins in the Mountain near the City Iungfung runs not far from the City Kiexui and receives near the Walls of the City two Rivers viz. the Xanglu and Hialu then gliding towards the West bends afterwards a little to the North-West and alters its Name first into that of Luyuen then into that of Lap and disembogues into that of Chan. The River Kie or Ven passes through the Jurisdiction of the City Kiexui and with its winding Course makes almost the Chinese Letter Kie that is Happiness from whence also the City hath the Name Kiexui which is Happy in Waters Out of the Mountains near the City Iungsin springs the Rivulet Senting which signifies Whistle because its Waters gliding swiftly through the Rocks and Stones make a pleasant noise like that of a Flajulet The River Xo otherwise call'd Kin springs near the City Vanca in the County of Iuencheusu from whence it glides Westward by the City Xancao and unites with the River Hoayang near the City Kuicheu which both run into the Can. Its Water according to the common Relation of the Chineses is good against many Distempers The Lungki which springs out of the Mountain Pochang in the County of Nanchangfu glides North-East by the West-side of the City Fungsin afterwards through the Territory Nankangfu and poures its Waters at last near the City Gang into the Lake Poyang The River Sieu which running out of the County Iuencheufu Northward from the Mountain Kinki glides Eastward into the Territory Nanchangfu by the South side of the
City Ning then gliding North-East enters the County Nankangfu and at last falls into the Lake Poyang THe Po which springs out of the Mountains in the Territory Hoeicheufu in the Province of Nanking and glides South-West through the same passes through the County Iaocheufu into the Province of Kiangsi then Westward and enlarg'd with the Waters of the Stream Poyven glides to the South by the City Iaocheu and in the Territory Iaocheufu falls into the Lake Poyang Along this River the Earth is carry'd out of the fore-mention'd County Iaocheufu of which the best Porcelane in all China is made The Kiencie which begins Northward of the Mountain Suihan runs West by the North-side of the City Yukan where it falls into the Lake Poyang The Xangjao springs in the Mountains near the City Ioxan and glides Northward by the City Quangsin afterwards to the South through the same County and disembogues having wash'd several places in the County Iaocheufu in the Lake Poyang and by the way receives on its Northern Shore thâ—… Water of the Rivulets Se and Ko Almost out of the same place though more Southerly â—…uns the Yo and through this County takes the same Course towards the North by the City Iungfung and to the South by the City Queiki The Rivulet Câ—… coming out of the South falls into the same The Hiui which begins in the Mountains Southward froâ—… the Quangchang in the County Kienchangfu passes North-West by the North sâ—…e of the City Kienchan from whence it enters into the County Vucheufu and falls into the River Lienfan Near the City Kienchang the Rivulets Lung anâ—… Kieukio through one onely Channel run into the same both originally out of the Eastern Mountains of this Territory Two other Rivers viz. the Lu and Cing gliding from the South to the North through the County Vucheufu by the City Vucheu into the River Hiui with which they fall into the Stream Lienfan The Lienfan runs by the North-West side of the City Veucheâ—… and afterwards cutting through the County of Nanchangfu disembogues on the East side of the Nanchang into the Lake Poyang This River is remarkable for the use which the Chineses maâ—… of its Water for that not being subject to the alteration of the Weather is properly made use of in their Hour-glasses which run there with Water as ours with Sand. The Hoai beginning in the Province of Honan out of the Mountains near the City Funge passes from thence into the Province of Nanking by the City Hokieu through the Territory Fungyangfu and crosses the same from the East to the West then falls at last near the City Hoiang into the Yelloâ—… River and with that into the Sea By the way this River receives several others viz. in the County Ienningfu of the Province of Honan the Su in this County of Fungangfu Southward another call'd Hoai Peca and Fi to the North the River Ing Co and Vi which three last have their original out of the Province of Honan The Fu rises in the County Fungyangfu near the City So on the East side of a Lake which lies at the Foot of the Mountain Three Rivers surround the County Sucheufu like an Isle making it Navigable in several places the first is call'd Leu the second Sung which glides towards the City Ukiang the third Ulang runs towards the East all of them have their original out of the Lake Tai and discharge themselves into the Sea Leang a little River proceeds from the Fountain Hoci lying on the Hill Hoei in the County of Sucheufu and near the City Vucie falls into the Lake Ta The Water thereof is by the Chineses accounted the best excepting one in the whole Empire and is in great esteem amongst Persons of Quality Not a Vessel which passes this way but buyes of it being ready Bottled for a small Price though any one that will stay may freely take as much as he pleases for nothing It is Transported to remote Provinces nay to the Imperial Court at Peking for they account it the best to make their Drink Cha withal by boyling it with the Herb Tee and therefore it is much in request The Singan begins in the County Hoeicheufu Westward of the City Hoeicheu by which passing it is afterwards increas'd with the Waters of several Rivolets the first of which comes out of the City Hoeicheu the second out of those near the City Hieuning the third from those about Vuyen and the fourth out of those near Cieki The Singan runs straight along through Rocks and Valleys to Sungan a City in the Province of Chekiang and hath by the way three hundred and sixty Water-falls of which the most troublesome to pass lies near the City Hoeicheu and is call'd Liucung then entring into the County Niencheufu in the Province of Chekiang passes Southward by the City Sungan and from thence towards the South-East and to the South by the City Nieucheu where bending Northward it changes its Name into that of Che or Chekiang from whence the whole Territory which it almost cuts through the middle from South to North receives denomination and accordingly through the County of Hangcheufu towards the East by the City Hangcheu where taking the Name of Cientung it runs East and at last in thirty Degrees North-Latitude falls into the Sea The Che receiveâ—… several Streams out of the Territories Kinhoafu and Kiucheufu from the South and East as Ven Chanyo Kin Tingyang Co Puyang and Ho which all through one Channel fall into the same near the City of Tunglin The Min begins on the Boundaries of the Provinces of Fokien and Chekiang by the City â—…gciveu of the County of Chuchenfu from whence it passes Southerly through the County of Kienningfu Westward by the City Puching and Kienning as accordingly East by the City Yenping where it receives the River Siki through the Territory Yenpingfu from whence bending Eastward it enters the County Focheu and glides by the South side of the Garrison Xuikeu where the Mâ—… falls into the same then Northward by the chief City Focheu and at last on the North side of the Garrison Xeching disembogues into the Sea in twenty six Degrees Northern-Latitude From the City Puching to the Garrison Xuiken the same River falls with great force of Water through Valleys Rocks and Cliffs but from thence glides on but slowly With how much swiftness the Water runs between the fore-mention'd two Places appears by this that they can go from Puching to the Metropolis Tiocheu with the Stream in three days whereas they are fifteen days Toeing up against it The Channel winding up and down is very dangerous and dreadful by reason of the swift Current abundance of Rocks and narrowness of the Channel which in many places between the Rocks is no wider than to permit a small Chinese Vessel to pass through from whence it oftentimes happens that several suffer Wreck From the place where this River hath its original to that
where it terminates it receives many Rivolets and Streams as on the East the Tung on the West the Kiao Kieukio Cu and Siki on the South the Rivers Ionki Min and Tachang or Nantai The Tung which comes out of the Mountain Vanche in the County of Kienningfu falls Southward of the City Kienning into the Min. The Kiao which passes through the Territory of Focheufu rises out of the Mountain Siuefung shoots from thence Eastward to the North of the River Min by the South side of the City Lienkiang and at last discharges its Waters into the Ocean The Brook Kieukio which begins in the Mountain Vuy in the County of Kienningfu runs from thence South-West and unites with the Brook Hochung which hath its original in the Hill Ukiun in the Territory of Xaounfu from whence it passes South by the City Kienyang and at last falls with its Waters into the River Min near the City Kienning The Cu which begins in the Mountain Ukiun in the County of Xaounfu glides from thence first Southward then Eastward by the East side of the City Xaonu then bending to the South in the County Ienpingfu it faâ—…s into the River Si near the City Sianglo from whence both these Streaâ—… run through one Mouth Easterly then Southward and poure their Wateâ—… united with the River Situ Westward from the City Ienping into the Min. The Siki springs Northward in the Territory of Tingcheufu out of the Lake Kiao then runs Southward so East and enters into the County â—…enpingfu and to the North by the City Lunggan and by the City Xu wheâ—… it receives the Brook Taisu and unites it self at last with the River Cu. In the Siki along which they Sail down to the City Ienping â—…e many Water-falls and dangerous Shoals two especially near the City Cingâ—… namely Kieulung and Chancung in the passing by the Sea-men to prevenâ—… the danger of Shipwreck therein tie Trusses or Bundles of Straw beforâ—… the Bowe of the Ship which bear off the violence of the blow and keep her back The River Yeuki which rises in the County of Ienpingfu out of the Mountain Yucuang takes its Course Eastward by the North side of the City Yeuki and turning to the North falls into the Min. The Rivolet Tachang begins West from the City Iungfo and râ—…ning East by the City Focheu finishes Northward by the Name of Nantai into â—…e Min. The Chang which hath its original Northward from the Ciâ—… Lungnien in the County of Changcheufu runs East by the North side of the â—…es Changping and Changtui then from the East part of the City Chancheu which is also in the South it falls at last Southward into the Sea with two Arms. More to the South in the same County glides the Xeching from the West to the East and loseth it self Northward of the Garrison Tungxan into the Sea The Kieu directing its Course from North to South through the County of Civencheu discharges its Waters Southward into the Sea The Brook Lan and River Si which run from North to South through the Territory of Foningfu fall both into the Sea the first towards the West breaks forth in the Mountain beyond the City Fogan the other comes out of the Mountain Lan. The Ting hath its beginning in the Territory of Tingcheufu Northward from the City Tingcheu and receiving Southward of the same the Brook Ven proceeds by the City Xanghang then entering the County of Chaocheufu in the Province of Quantung receives near the City Chingiang the River Ching with which at last it loseth it self Southward in the Sea THe Brook Iokio begins with a Branch in the Mountain Ho in the County of Hoeicheufu and with another out of the Territory of Chaocheufu Northward from the City Pingquen both joyning near the City Kieyang run Southward by the East part of the City Chaocheu and at last dividing into two Arms fall into the Sea which on the East side of the City is call'd Go. The River Ly rises in the Mountain Northward from the City Changlo and Westward of the City Haifung shoots it self into the Sea opposite to the Island of Ciexing The Tung takes its original in the Mountains in the County Cancheu in the Province of Kiangsi tends on Southward into the Province of Quantung through the County of Hoeicheufu and at last terminates in the Sea Another River call'd Ceng shoots out of the fore-mention'd Tung above the City Hoeicheu and runs Southward through this and the County of Quangcheufu and gliding through the Lake Go dischargeth it self Northward from the City of Sâ—…an into the Sea The Siang also call'd Kio springs from the Rivers Chin and Vu Southward of the City â—…ocheu and bends its Course into the County of Quangcheufu where near the City Cingyven it receives the River Talo coming out of the Lake Quen and falls at last Westward from the City Quancheu or Ranton into the River Ta. The Chin springs out of the Mountain Muilin beyond the City Nanhiung the Vu out of the Mountain Chang in the County Haocheufu The Rivers Chin and Siang run â—…oth quite through whole Province of Quantung The Tao flows out of the Lake Quen Southward through the County of Quancheufu and falls near the City Cingyven into the River Siang Tao signifies a Peach from the abundance of that sort of Fruit growing on its Banks By the way the Tao takes in the River Hoang The Brook Yuâ—… which hath its source beyond the City Cunhoa in the County Quancheufu runs South-West and thence Eastward from the City Canton The River Xangu passing through the County of Lotingfu is receiv'd by the River Ta. The River Mekiang glides through the Territory of Nanhiungfu Mekiang signifies A River of Ink because its Water is as black as Ink notwithstanding which the â—…sh is not the worse esteem'd The River King appearing first on the Boundaries of the Provinces of Quangsi and Quantung passes on from the North to the South but through the last Eastward by the City King to which it gives that Name and opens a wide Mouth into the Sea The River Lungmuen takes its source in the Western Mountains about the City King in the County of Liencheufu and from thence passing through the Kingdom of Tungching loseth its self in the Sea The River Lien springs out of the Mountains near the City Linkan and Southward by the East side of the City Liencheu descends into the Sea through the same County the Sanya which hath its Original in the Mountains Northward of the City Suiki in the County Liucheufu resigns to the Sea The River Tunglui shoots from the North to the South through the County Caocheufu the Xo likewise though more Eastward glides to the West by the City Xaocheu where it receives the Stream Hencang THe River Ly otherwise call'd Quei takes its Original on the Boundaries of the Provinces of Huquang from whence it passes through the County Queilingfu Westward in the
Province of Quangsi by the way taking in the Brook Quon which comes out of the East Southward from the City Quonyang and falling down with a great force and noise through Mountains and Vallies half invirons the City Quelin whence gliding Southward it entertains the River Yang which comes Northward out of the Mountain Sumo West from the Mountain Ly then turns with a Branch Eastward to the City Yangeo where out of the Northern Mountains in the County Pinglofu the River Pinghuen falls into the same then turns again Southward and runs again through the County Pinglofu Westward by the City Pinglo and at last unites its self with the River Ta in the Territory Gucheufu The River Lieu otherwise call'd Xo or Xokiang and Kung begins in the Province of Queicheu near the Garrison Cinping from whence it passes Southward through the County Tuchefu thence Eastward by the City Tucho through the Territory Kingyven Northward by the City Kingyven and so turning and winding into the Province of Kiangsi thence Eastward into that of Lieucheu at last it unites with the River Talo otherwise call'd Lieucheu near the chief City Lieucheu The River Tolo otherwise call'd Lieu rising in the County Lipingfu of the Province of Queicheu near the Garrison Cheki runs Southward through the same by the West side of the City Lungeung where a little more Southerly it meets with the River Yung and enters Westward of the City Hoaiyven into the County Lieuchefu of the Province of Quangsi at last joyning with the River Lieu or Xo near the City Lieucheu it keeps on Eastward of the City Laiping where it receives the Lui then from the City Siang it glides Southward and at last augmented with the Water of several Rivers it pours through the County Cincheufu and Eastward of the City Cinchen into the River Ta. The Streams Lie Teng Quei Feu and Lin flow through the County Pinglofu from the North where except the Quei they all have their Original to the South and accordingly through a part of Gucheufu where they all discharge their Water into the River Takiang The River Yung extends through the whole County Gucheufu rising on the East side of the City Hingye out of the Mountains Ho from whence it runs Southward and soon after East and returns from thence Northward by the West side of the City Yung to which it gives denomination then passes Eastward again to the West of the City Gucheu into the River Taikiang or Ta. The Stream Ly Springs out of the Lake Xan in the County Quangsifu of the Province of Iunnan from whence it marches Southward and enters next into the Province of Quangsi by the City Lung then proceeds on its Course East with many Inlets through the County Taipingfu where it receives the Rivers Leung and Tungly from the North afterwards through that of Nanningfu and at last near the City Nanning unites it self with the Southern Puon The Mosale or Moxale or Xale springs out of the Lake Siul in the County Tulifu of the Province of Iunnan from whence it runs Eastward through the same County and first South-East afterwards South through that of Zuhiungfu by the East side of the City Zuhiung where it receives the River Lungchuen then proceeding on its Course through the County Iuenkiangfu Linganfu and the Kingdom of Tungking falls at last with the River Canlang into the Sea In the Kingdom of Tunking it inlargeth it self and becomes Navigable to the Metropolis Tungking The Mosale takes in by the way several Rivers and Brooks as from the North the Kio from the West Lungchuen Polo Tunghoa Taolieu Ta Xanno Iuen and from the East Singsien The River Kio gushing out of the Mountain Suki in the County Yaoganfu passeth Southward through the same into the Masole The Polo which comes out of the Lake Zinglung in the Territory Zuhiungfu joyning on the way by the River Tunghoa out of the County Kiutungfu and with the River Ta falls into the Mosale The Ta which riseth in the County Kintungfu Southward from the City Kintung stretches from thence Eastward through the County Chinyvenfu and mixes first with the Polo afterwards with the Moxale The River Xanno springs on the South side of the City Chinyven and running South-East dischargeth its Waves in the Confines of the Counties Iuenkiungfu Zuhiungfu and Nanganfu into the Moxale The Iuen takes its way from the West through the County Iuenkiangfu Southward from the City Iuenkiang and unites with the Moxale The River Singsieu hath its scource out of the Mountain Yolung in the County Iunnanfu and somewhat more Southerly the River Xanno unites with the Mosale To the Northward near the City Fu in the County Quanguan runs a Brook or Rivulet call'd Nanmo into the River Ly its Water is said to be continually warm and good for many Distempers Westward from the Garrison Usa in the Province of Suchuen appears the River Ven Puon or Northern Puon properly call'd Pepuon that is Northern Puon and passing from thence Southward into the Province Queicheu is inlarg'd by the River Ciesing which begins beyond the Mountain Cingping in the Province of Iunnan Another Northern Branch also nam'd Pepuon or Northern Puon issues out of the Lakes Che and Ven and unites with the Northern Branch before-mention'd below the Fort Ganchang The River Pexe which breaks forth in the County Kiocingfu of the Province of Iunnan Northward from the City Kiocing in the Mountain Fuking looseth it self in the Pepuon The Northern Puon thus united passeth through the South part of the Province of Queicheu and joyns with the Southern Puon which riseth in several Branches or Brooks out of the Province of Iunnan besides which there are the Pepuon which comes out of the County Iunnanfu Southward from the Mountain Cocing the River Hikien the Stream Von out of the Lake Fusien and the River Lu out of the Pool Ylung The Southern Puon thus augmented runs on towards the East and unites with the Northern Puon in the little County of the City Iunning of the Province of Queicheu by the City Tinging in twenty five Degrees and twenty Minutes Northern Latitude The Southern Puon being thus united with the Northern casts forth one Channel Southward into the Province of Quangsi but retains the Name of the Southern Puon after having run a considerable course it entertains the River Mungung and Chiugpi the one from the North and the other from the South then proceeds on its way Eastward through the County Tiencheufu Singenfu Nanningfu and by the South side of the City Nanning where Eastward it takes in the River Lis which comes out of the Lake Xan in the Province of Iunnan and somewhat farther two other Rivers namely the Go and Cieu out of which it passes through the County Cincheufu and near the City Cincheu unites with the River Lieu and Ta for here the Puon looses its Name and is call'd Ta which holds the same Course through the County Gucheufu where on the
South it receives the River Iung and runs through the Territory Chaokingfu into the Province of Quantung glides Southward by the City Chaoting and Loting and Southward from the City Quancheu or Canton looseth it self The River Kinxa takes its Original in the Province of Iunnan out of the South side of the Lake Tien or Quienning bends its Course Northward through the County Iunnanfu in like manner through Vutingfu and in twenty seven Degrees and thirty Minutes North-Latitude enters on the South into the Province of Suchuen Westward from the Garrison Le and at last falls East from the Lake Mahu into the River Mahu Another Branch also call'd Kinxa runs by the City Tinghuen of the Province of Suchuen and Westward from the Mountain Ulang finisheth its Course Another River likewise call'd Kinxa issues out of the Kingdom of Sifan and enters the Province of Iunnan through the Territory Likiangfu on the East side of the City Linsi proceeds Northward by the City Likiang then through the River Ciokingfu from thence Eastward by the North side of the City Pexing where it sends forth a Branch towards the South through the North part of the County Yagon having its Channel inlarg'd from the several Rivers which it receives in the Province of Suchuen near the Confines of the Province of Queicheu and joyns with the River Kinxa which comes out of the Province Iunnan Another River passes more Northward out of the Kingdom of Sifan also call'd Kinxa and sometimes Lekie it passes by the Mountain Luyni into the Province Iunnan thence through the County Iungningfu from West to East by the North part of the City Iungning and through the Lake Lacu where it receives the Stream Loye which comes out of the South and falling last into the Province of Suchuen mixes with that Kinxa which flows out of the Province of Iunnan Southward from the Mountain Ulung Kingxa signifies Gold-Dust so call'd from its plenty of Gold Thus far of the Rivers and Brooks which Water the Empire of China in several places to its great fertility and make it Navigable almost through the whole Empire nay in such manner that several Counties and Provinces divided and surrounded by them lie like Islands separated from one another by the Streams that flow between them There are also many deep-cut Channels besides Lakes Pools and Springs abounding in Fish Standing waters or Channels THe Countrey of China is cut thorow in many places with Moats or Artificial Channels for the conveniency of Navigation from one City to another Among many others one of these Channels call'd Iun deserves no small admiration being with an incredible Charge digg'd from the Province of Nanking through that of Xantung to the Metropolis of Peking by means of which from most places in the Empire all sorts of Goods are brought in Ships to Peking It begins on the Northern Borders of the Province of Nanking in the County Hoaiganfu Northward from the City Socien near the Northern Shore of the Yellow River out of which Ships from all parts of the Empire are brought into it from thence it extends North-West through the second Territory Iencheufu of the Province of Xantung to the City Cining Southward from the Lake Nanyang then through that of Tungchangfu and the Lake Nanyang from whence at last at the end of the County near the City Lincing beyond the Lake Cang it falls into the River Guei But because the Water in this Channel is too shallow in many places for great Ships therefore there are above twenty Sluces or Water-gates in the same in the Chinese Tongue call'd Tungpa very strong and firm of square Stone Every Sluce hath a Gate or opening lock'd with great Planks to keep out the Water being by means of a Wheel and an Engine drawn up with little trouble to give way for the Water and Ships till you come to the second Gate where they do the like and so likewise at all the rest But half way before you come to the City Cining they tap as much Water through a great Water-gate out of the Lake Cang as they need then Locking up the Gates again keep the Water from running out too much and so leaving the Ground bare for the Water in the Lake is higher than the adjacent Countrey so that in a small Tract of Land they reckon above eight Water-gates which resist the force and power of the Water When the Ships are come to the Lake Cang it self they cross not the same but with much more ease pass along a Channel made by the sides of the Lake with brave Banks on each side At every Water-gate are People which Toe the Ships by a Line through the Sluces for a small reward In this manner the Ships go out of the Yellow River to Peking Certainly should the best Builders or Surveyors of Europe come and behold the length of this Channel or thickness and heighth of the Banks on each side and the ornament of the Sluces which are all of hewn Stone they would justly wonder at the wisdom of the Chineses and their Industry in undergoing that labor which scarce any other People would be able to perform In the Province of Peking in the County of Pekingfu near the City Cho there is also a very long Channel call'd Tocang another in the eighth County Xaohingfu in the Province of Chekiang describ'd before besides many more which would be too tedious to mention Lakes and Pools IN the County of Pekingfu Westward from the Metropolis lies on the Mountain Iociven a Lake call'd Lis which is ten Furlongs in Circumference On the South side of the Mountain Tienxu Northward from the chief City is a Lake made by the confluence of several Springs wherefore it is call'd Kienlung that is Of nine Springs which number because the Chineses account it Fortunate hath much increas'd their Superstitious Belief concerning the Emperor's Tombs that are there On the South-West side of the City Paoting close by the City Moat is a small but very pleasant Lake call'd Lienhoa that is Lien-Flower whereon the Citizens and Neighboring People make great Feasts and Entertainments in Pleasure-Boats built for that purpose In the County Hokienfu near the City Hie is a very deep Lake nam'd Vo the Water of which at the throwing of a Stone therein becomes of the Colour of Blood If the Leaves of the adjacent Trees chance to fall into it in a short time Swallows flie out of it insomuch that the Leaves seem to turn into Birds as is related of the Scotch Barnacles or Soland Geese In the Territory Sintivyfu Northward of the City Nangsin begins a great Lake call'd Talo and extends as far as the City Kiulo in the County Xuntefu Nor far from the little City Hanping is another lesser Lake made by two Springs the one with very hot and the other very cold Water though they lie both close together In the County Tamingfu near the City Niuhoang lies a Lake call'd Luece
being the source of the River Cin. Westerly of which and East from the City Ta is the great Lake Vanking whose Shore is all set with stately Trees and inviron'd with Flowry Meadows Fruit-Trees and Populous Villages In the County Mahufu Southward from the City Mahu is a Lake also call'd Mahu that is Horse Lake for the Chineses say that in this Lake a Horse appear'd Wing'd like a Dragon from which the Family Tang gave the City Lake and River that denomination In the little County Muicheu whose chief City is of the same Name stands a great Lake call'd Hoang that is to say Circular because it surrounds the whole City yet it is broadest towards the West The Shore is built all along with handsome Houses which standing round like a Ring the City may justly be call'd The Stone thereof near it is a long Bridge call'd Sive On the East side of the City Kiating is a small Lake call'd Ningyve By the City Pukiang is another Lake nam'd Yotan on which they say the Emperor Hoangti Anno 2500. before the Incarnation study'd Chymistry THere are two Lakes in the County Vuchangfu one near the City Kiayn and the other near that of Puki In the Territory Hanyangsu part within and part without the Walls of the City Hanyang is the Lake call'd Langquon On the West side at the Foot of the Mountain Kieuchin is the Lake Taipe two hundred Furlongs in bigness In the County Sianyangfu near the City Nanchang within a Temple is a Pool call'd Chinchu that is Lake of Pearls for if any Person walk apace round the sides thereof the Water arises out of the Ground like Pearls whether naturally or artificially cannot easily be resolv'd In the Territory Teganfu Eastward from the City Tegan is a great Lake of nine hundred Furlongs call'd Iunmung In the Province Hoangcheufu near the City Hoangpi stands a Lake call'd Vu that is War for in the time of the Kings it was a Place ordain'd for the Exercise of Ships Near the City Hoangmui is another bigger Lake call'd Vihu and not far from it the Lake Taipe and Eastward from the City Ki the Lake Kinxa In the Territory Kingcheufu on the East side of the City Kongcheu is the Lake Tung forty Furlongs in bigness pleasant and full of Fish with which the Citizens often Feast and make Merry in Vessels on the same In the County Yocheufu at the South-West side of the City Yocheu is a great Lake call'd Tungting which as the Chineses say had its original from a Deluge and this seems to be confirm'd by the many Isles that lie in the same namely Kiun Kinxa signifying Sand of Gold Kiue and Pecio built full of Pagodes and Cloysters which are inhabited by some poor Religious Order Amongst others is a floating Isle on which is also a Cloyster built for the Roots of Trees and large Canes knitted and joyn'd together keep up the Earth by their continual growing to one another without the least danger of ever breaking In the County Changxafu on the middle of the Mountain Taihu near the City Lieuyang lies a great fathomless Lake On the Mountain Xepi another of thirty Furlongs call'd Pexa out of which run four Brooks of which one is the Rivolet Lieus the rest fall into the River Iuping On the North side of the City Siangyn lies the Cingcao which moistning the County Iocheufu unites it self with the Lake Tunting In the County Hengcheufu Eastward from the chief Kity Hengcheu is a very deep Lake the Water whereof being of a green colour the Chineses highly esteem for the making of their Drink or Wine call'd Sampsou In the Territory Chantefu near the Cities Luugyang and Iuenkiang lies the Lake Chexa and unites it self with the Lake Tungting In the County Iengcheufu near the City Tan is a great Water-fall which immediately turns to a Pool in which grow yellow Lien-Flowers which are seldom found of that colour in any other place In the little Territory Cingcheufu near the City Hoeitung stands the Lake Cingpo full of great Rocks and Stones on which the Chineses often make Merry In the small County Chincheufu not far from the City Hingping on the Mountain Xemeue is a small Lake call'd Yen whose Water continues warm all the Winter Twice a year great numbers of wild Geese flie thither out of the North and South wherefore this Lake is call'd Ien that is A Goose. IN the Territory Nanchangfu in the Province of Kiangsi on the South-East side of the City stands the Lake Tung very much noted for the clearness of its Water and the abundance of Fish which is in the same The great Lake Poyang otherwise call'd Pengli near the City Nankang North-East is three hundred Furlongs long and forty broad borders Westward on the County Nankangfu Eastward on Iaocheufu part of it which respects the City Yukan is call'd Kanglang It contains several Isles as to the South Langma Xuihung and Pipa lying near the City Yukan more Northward Ingcu Chuki Checien and the Mountain Ki lying on an Island Eastward of the chief City Pehoa and Westward of the little Isle Teuxu It receives in the South the River Kan in the East the Logan and in the North the River Kiang In the County of Kienchangfu without and within the chief City lies a Lake the one part call'd Kinquei and the other Kao Near the City Nangfung is also the little Lake Vansui In the Territory Linkiangfu near the City Iuencheu is the Lake Funghoang which not being very big neither increases by abundance of Rain nor decreased by excessive Drought In the County Kieganfu near the City Kiexui lies the Lake Kien and near Ganfo the Pool Mie signifying Hony so call'd from the exceeding sweet Fish which it produces In the Territory Xuicheufu near the City Sinchang there is a Lake whose Water is never muddy but always very clear In the County Iuencheufu on the East side of the City Iuencheu the Lake Tung spreads it self and is call'd The Pleasure of the County for the Chineses often make Feasts on the same and have built several Retreats and Banquetting-houses on its Banks The Lake Mingyo affords the City a Moat through which it is brought with convenient and Navigable Channels which on the East side run into the Lake Tung THe Lake Cienli is situate in the Territory Kiangningfu Eastward near the City Lieyang containing a thousand Furlongs which to the South is united with the Lake Tai in the County Sucheufu Without the Gate of the City Taiping a small Lake call'd Hiuenuu lies on the South-West side not far from the City Liexui Westward from the Lake Tanyang and extends from thence to the Borders of the City Taiping In the County Sucheufu on the West and South-West side of the City Sucheu is the great Lake Tai which according to the Description of the Chineses takes up the space of thirty six thousand Paces Near the City Changxo is the Lake
Xang united on the North with the Lake Cienli In the Territory Yangcheufu stands the Lake Piexe Northward from the City Kaoyeu where a digg'd Channel runs into it In the County Hoaiganfu on the East side of the City Hoaigan lies the Lake or rather a great Pool call'd Hing full of Canes In the Territory Luchenfu is the great Lake Cao and another less nam'd Pe which joyn near the City Lukiang In the first lies the Mountain Ci that is to say Orphan because it stands alone In the County Taipingfu on the South-East side of the City Taiping begins the Lake Tanyang by the Chineses reckon'd to be three hundred Furlongs large and extends from thence to the City Liexui In the little Territory wherein is the City Cheucheu near the City Civenciao begins the Lake U and reaches to the City Laigan The little County Siucheu boasts of the Lake Ta near which they say a Countrey Maid afterwards Mother to the Emperor Lieupang Conceiv'd by a Spirit and brought forth the chief of the Family of Han. In the County Hancheufu near the City Changhoa on the Mountain Cienking is a Lake of two hundred Paces in bigness famous for its Golden-colour'd Fishes which the Chineses from thence call Kinyu In the Territory Hangcheu Westward from the City of the same Name is the famous Lake Si between which and the Wall is onely a Stone Street of seven Furlongs for a convenient Walking-place The Lake whose Water for its pleasantness is much esteem'd both by Natives and Strangers containeth forty Furlongs in circumference and is surrounded with Hills in manner like a Theatre round about the Hills out of which flow many Brooks and Rivolets distinguish'd by several Channels are Pagodes Palaces Cloysters Colledges Groves Tombs and very delightful Gardens On its Shore are broad Ways Pav'd with Free-Stone and across the Lake lie Bridges of Ships over which they pass from one side to another and in the passage take a view of the whole Lake The Ways are all along shaded with Willow Trees planted direct in a Line and ever now and then Seats or Arbors with Benches for Passengers to rest on insomuch that it is a question which of the two are here most to be admir'd the workmanship of Nature or the artificial Adornments of the Place The Water is clear as Crystal the least Stone being seen in the bottom but near the Shores the Water being low is over-grown with the Flower Lien This Lake hath no way for the Ships to go out or in at for the Water is onely let out in time of great Rains through little Rivolets or through a Sluce which is Northward from the City yet nevertheless there are many Ships built on its Banks which may justly be call'd Golden Palaces for their being so richly Gilded and Painted with various Colours In these Pleasure-Boats they make Feasts Plays and other Entertainments wherein the Chineses have all things that can be invented to recreat the Mind The Vessels thus stor'd with all manner of Necessaries for delight Sail to and again in the Lake without fear or danger of Shipwrack so that it is no wonder why they call this Place and City A delightful Garden or Earthly Paradice In the County Kiucheu near the City Kaihoa lies the little Lake Pehiai so call'd from the white Crabs which it produces for Pehiai signifies a White Crab. In the Territory Ningpofu near the City Tunghoa is a little Pool but very deep call'd Yapoi whose Water as the Chineses say grows exceeding clear when the City hath a pious and good Governor but when a bad one muddy and thick In the County Tingcheufu near the City Vuping lies the Lake Loxui that is Green Water so call'd from its green colour with which this Water is so deeply Dy'd that it makes all things green which are wash'd in the same On the East side of the City Tingcheu is a Pool call'd Cingcao of one Furlong but very deep near which grow Trees whose Leaves are continually green In the County Hoeicheufu Westward from the City Hoeicheu is the Lake Fung ten Furlongs in circumference in the middle of it are two Isles built with Banquetting-houses wherein the Citizens Caress one another This Lake is surrounded with a Stone Wall and a Bridge also which not onely leads from one side to the other but also from one Island to another The Shore is planted with shading Trees and built with Colledges In the County Liencheufu five little Lakes call'd U surround the City King In the Territory Tincheufu lies the Lake Kiao THe Lake So lies in the County Queilingfu in the Province of Kiangsi on the West side of the City Queiling being seventy Furlongs in compass and in it a Hill call'd In makes a little Island In the Territory Gucheufu on the East side of the City Gucheu is a small Lake call'd Go in which King Pegao is reported of old to have fed ten tame Crocodiles feasting them onely with Criminals and Malefactors Within the Wall of the Garrison Cinping is a Lake call'd Ciseng out of which the Inhabitants fetch their Water the hard and stony Ground thereabouts not yielding them any Pits or Wells In the County Tuchufu on the West side of the City Pingcheu is a Lake which bears the same Name with the City In the Territory Iunnanfu on the South side of the chief City Iunnan is the Lake Tien otherwise call'd Quinming which extends Westward and is five hundred Furlongs in circumference It receives increase of Water out of the Puon which descends out of the Mountain Kaoming into this Lake and on the South side makes the River Kinxa which runs Northward In the County Talifu Eastward from the City Tali is a very long Lake call'd Siul which abounds in Fish it begins Southward near the City Tali and ends Northward at the City Leankiang This Lake makes nine Creeks or Inlets and hath three Isles which rise up into Hills besides four others very low and fruitful The Mosale also takes its original out of this Lake which after having run through this whole Countrey falls into the Province of Tungking where augmenting its Stream it makes the Channel which carries Ships of great Burthen to the Court of Tunking In the County Linganfu near the City Xeping lies the Lake Ylung above a hundred and fifty Furlongs in circumference and hath three Isles in the midst of it Another call'd Tungha appears Westward from the City Tunghai eighty Furlongs about its beginning is near the City Hosi In the Territory Chinkiangfu Southward from the City Chinkiang is a great Lake call'd Fusien a hundred thousand Paces over and another lesser nam'd Ming lies near the City Yangcung In the County Iungningfu on the East side of the City Iungning is a great Lake with three Isles of equal bigness each having a rising Mount about two hundred Rods high In the County Kioungfu near the City Koleang at the Foot of the Mountain
Gardens Rivers Springs and Lakes that are in and about them In the observation and chusing of Mountains they are no less curious than superstitious imagining that in them all their happiness and prosperity consists because the Dragon whom they account the chief Instrument of their felicity resides in a Mountain But of this their Mountainous Superstition a more particular account may be seen in Father Martin's Preface to the History of China FIve Leagues Northward from the Metropolis Peking is a Mountain call'd Thienxen wherein the Tombs of divers Chinese Emperors are very richly and magnificently built On the South-West side of the City is a Mountain call'd Iociven crown'd with most stately Palaces belonging to the Tartarian Family of Iven Here the Tartar Emperors us'd to retire to shelter themselves from the excessive heat of the Sun in the Summer In the same County near the City Changpling is the Mountain Pefeu out of which run two Rivers which meet at the Village Feu In the same County not far from the City Pa is a Mountain nam'd Nan overgrown with a Wood of Canes twelve Furlongs in circumference in the midst of which is a noble Palace and not far from thence is that high and steep Mountain nam'd Puon having upon one of its tops a Stone which though of a huge bulk totters and shakes at the least touch the like whereof we have in a certain Cave in Derby-shire Near the City Iungjung is the Mountain Chinquon forty Furlongs about and on its South side a Hill call'd The Flower from the various colour'd Stones thereon Not far from the City Cunhoo is the Mountain Mingque so call'd from a Fire burning within it which seems to pierce it through in such a manner that looking in at a Hole on the right side there appears the form of a bright Half-Moon By the City Phingco are the Mountains Kie and Siuvu out of which they dig a sort of Coals that serve the Inhabitants for Fewel In the County wherein is the City Paoting near the City Huon is the Mountain Yki on which they say the Emperor Yau's Mother resided Hard by the City Hiung lies the Mountain Tahiung out of a Rocky part whereof springs a clear Fountain Near the City Ie is the Mountain Lungcie on which appears the foot-steps of a Dragon Not far from thence is a Valley call'd Tunglo which being surrounded with high Mountains onely one narrow Passage left is much resorted to as a very secure place in time of War The County wherein is the City Hokien hath few and little Mountains the onely remarkable one call'd Si is near the City Ching on the top whereof spreading it self into a large and fruitful Plain is built a pleasant Village In the County wherein is the City Chingting and near the City Cinking is a very high Mountain call'd Changuen upon whose top reaching above the Clouds is a very soveraign Spring and a stately Cloyster for Priests built by Queen Xayang in memory of a great Cure she receiv'd by drinking the Water of the fore-mention'd Spring Near the City Kioyang is another Hill out of which gusheth also a healing Fountain and whereon grow divers kinds of Physical Herbs By the City Ki are the Mountains Curi and Tiaopuon eminent for the Defeat which Hansini of Chinya received there Not far from the City Chanhoang is the Mountain Ulna so call'd from the Statues of five Horses Cut in yellow Stone over which the Family of Sung built a rich Chappel In the County of Xantefu near the City Xaho is a Mountain famous for its many Caverns it is call'd Tang that is Bath from a Fountain of warm Water thereon exceeding good against all kind of Scurf Near the City Nuikeu is the Mountain Pungcio producing divers Physical Drugs There is likewise the Mountain Cu that is Orphan because it rises onely with one top and stands distant from all others In the County Tamingfu near the City Chinfung lies the Mountain Cieu famous for the Emperor Kau's Tomb. Near the City Siun is the Mountain Feukieu having a Lake on the West-side which proceeded from the sinking of another City call'd also Siun Nor far from hence is likewise the steep and high Mountain Cukin In Iungpingfu on the South-East side of the City Iungping is the Mountain Sang of a dreadful heighth out of which spring many Brooks Near the City Hiengan is a Mountain call'd Lungciven and upon it a Spring whither the Chineses repair in dry Weather to Pray to the Dragon for Rain Eastward from the same City is that high Mountain nam'd Tu surrounded with pleasant Woods Near the Garrison Iungcheu is one nam'd Lungmuen that is to say Dragons Gate so call'd because the River Linhoang flows out of Tartary between those Mountains through the Great Wall into China Near the Garrison Xanghai are Mountains of a great heighth IN the County Taiyvenfu are many Mountains but none remarkable except the Mountain Kiecheu North-East from the City Taiyven Kiecheu signifies Tying of a Ship for it is Recorded that the Emperor Yu ty'd his Ship to this Mountain when he Sail'd up the Stream Fuen By the City Kioching is the Mountain Hukive out of which they dig abundance of the best sort of Iron to make Working-Tools of Near the City Pingting is the Mountain Cio eminent for a Chappel or Cloyster of Priests By the City Kafau is the Mountain Siue that is Mountain of Snow because it is always cover'd with Snow The Mountain Xeleu lying in the Jurisdiction of the City Chin is notable for its heighth in which some say it exceeds all besides In the County Pingyangfu near the City Siangling lies the great Mountain Golung which extends Northward by the Cities Fuensi and Fuensan and runs South to the Towns Kioyao and Yeching where it unites with the Mountain Ulao and stretches in a continu'd Ridge to the Province of Xensi and further Westward In the Mountain Kiao near the City Kioyao they say the Crown and other Imperial Ensigns of the ancient Emperor Hiangti lie bury'd Near the City Pu is the Mountain Xeuyang eminent for the Residence of two Philosophers of the Royal Extraction who chose rather to quit the Pomp of Empire and retire from the World than to attend upon the wicked Emperor Cheu Near it stands the Mountain Lie where the Emperor Xun extoll'd amongst the Chineses for his Pious Life follow'd Husbandry before he was advanc'd to the Crown This Mountain to this day produces neither Thorn nor Bramble nor any hurtful Plant and this they imagine to be an effect of the said Emperors Piety In the County Taitingfu near the City Henyven is a part of the Mountain Heng much resorted to for its rare Flowers and Physical Herbs but there is one Tree thought to be of great Vertue to which their Superstition will not suffer them to lay an Ax. Near the City So lies the Mountain Iueney so call'd from a belov'd Female
Singer to King Guei who is bury'd there By the City Quangchang stands the Mountain Hiang eminent for a great and old Wood of Pine-Trees in the middle of which stands a Pagod Temple and Cloyster for Priests Near the City Lingkieu is the Mountain Tape out of which they dig a sort of Vermillion of which they make a kind of Red Ink to Print with Near the City So is the Mountain Yenking In the County of Luganfu near the City Changeu is the Mountain Fakieu so call'd from the abundance of Turtle-Doves that breed thereon it is very Woody and hath a strong Fort built upon it which is the safeguard of the County By the City Tunlieu is the Mountain Lin on which one Heuy a famous Archer shot with seven Arrows seven Birds flying one after another Near the City Lucing is the Mountain Funieu that is Cow Rider from an old Cow which is reported to have there destroy'd several Men till at last by an unknown Man it was dragg'd into a hole of the Mountain neither of them being ever after heard of In the County Fuencheufu on the West side of the chief City Fuencheu is the Mountain Vanhu remarkable for its heighth it is so call'd from Ten thousand Men which they say getting upon the same escap'd the violence of a great Deluge Near the City Hiaoy is the Mountain Kaotang in which are divers boyling Springs and Pits by reason of Fire which burns within the Earth IN the County Siganfu near the City Linchang is the Mountain Limon on which is a Spring of Water clear as Chrystal and of a strange quality for though it hath not above five Foot Water in depth yet it is extreme cold above and at the bottom so hot that it is not to be indur'd Near the City Lantien is the Mountain Io out of which they dig a kind of Earth which is us'd in the Dying of Clothes Hard by on a steep Mountain call'd Ciepuon stands a Fort for the securing of the High-way Not far from the City Nucung is the Mountain Taipe which by the Chinese Astrologers is accounted The eleventh Mansion of Happiness They say that beating on a Drum on this Mountain causes Thunder Lightning and Tempestuous Weather wherefore all Persons are strictly Commanded not to touch a Drum near the same Near the City Xunghoa is the Mountain Kanciven so call'd from a Brook of exceeding sweet Water which springs on the top thereof where there is also a stately Garden and Banquetting-House In the County Fungciangfu near the City Khi is a very high Mountain call'd Nan which extends from thence into the County Siganfu to the Cities Lantien and Hu. On the North-East of the City Paoki is the Mountain Chincang whose top seems to represent a Turky-Cock They said that Thunder or turbulent Weather is foretold by a great noise which is heard above thirty Furlongs off in the Vallies adjoyning to it At the same place is the Mountain Xecu so call'd from ten Stone Drums plac'd there by King Siven that his Hunters might give a signal of Chase one to another On the East side the City Mui is the Mountain Taipe whose exceeding high tops are in the midst of Summer cover'd with Snow Not far from thence lies a Mountain call'd Quan Fortifi'd with a brave Castle for a safeguard of the County Here Faulcons and other such like Birds for the Game are frequently caught In the County Hangcheufu near the City Sihiang begins the Mountain Tapa and runs from thence into the Province of Suchuen to the City Pa. By the City Loyang is the Mountain Yoniu so call'd from the Effigies of a most Beautiful Maiden of Stone said to have grown Naturally in that place Near the City Siyang is a very scraggy and steep Mountain call'd Cuking By the City Fung is also a Mountain nam'd Cuye having in it seventy two Caverns near which stands the Mountain Nanki which hath a great Lake upon it Not far from thence is the Mountain Vutu out of which they dig a Plant call'd Hiunghoang good to expel Poyson and all Pestilential Virulency In the County Pingleangfu on the East side of the City Cingyven is the Mountain Yo on which are found Pebbles emulating Diamonds for clearness Near the City Hiating is a Valley of thirty Furlongs in length but so deep and narrow that it hath little Light yet nevertheless a High-way pav'd with Free-stone leads through it In the County Cungchangfu on the North-West side of the City Hoeicin is a very great and high Mountain nam'd Sivi from the Snow with which it is continually cover'd Northward from the City Fokiang is the Mountain call'd Xecu that is Stone-Drum because as the Chineses write this Mountain by making of a noise foretels War By the City Ching is the Mountain Loyo at the top whereof stands a great Image of a Lyon out of whose Mouth runs a Spring There is also the Mountain Cheuchi which extends to the Jurisdiction of the City Siho and on its top hath a Plain of about twenty Furlongs In the South-East from the City Cin is the Mountain Pochung on which grows an Herb call'd Hoako which eaten causeth Barrenness There are many other Mountains in this County which are not remarkable IN the Territory Linyaofu near the City Lan Northward is the Mountain Kaolan which makes an Arch about the City like a Stage and gives a pleasant Prospect over all the adjacent Countries Near it is the Mountain Pexe whereon they say the Valiant General Leanghoei Besieg'd by the Tartars made Offerings to obtain Water for his Forces whereupon immediately a Spring appear'd Near the City Ho is the Mountain Ciexie with two spiring tops between which as through a Gate runs the Yellow River Beyond the City Lan is a pleasant Valley nam'd Yu which being Water'd by the Yao a Branch of the Yellow River inricheth the Grounds and Meadows thereabout In the County Kingyangfu Northward from the chief City Kingyang is the Mountain Taipe in the middle of which is the Spring of the Stream He. By the City Hoan is the Mountain Ulum Fortifi'd with a Castle for defence of the County Near the City Chinning is the Mountain Lo whereon stood twenty seven Images which the Chineses affirm grew there naturally and were not made by Art In the County Ienganfu North-East from the City Iengan is the Mountain call'd Chingleang IN the Territory Cinanfu near the City Changkieu lies the Mountain Hoang which spreads from thence to the City Cichuen and runs through the Jurisdiction of the City Ceuping By the City Changxan begins the Mountain Changpe and extends to the City Cenping on the top whereof stands a very noted Chappel Near the City Taigan is a great Mountain call'd Tai accounted forty Furlongs high it is full of Caverns and very deep Precipices there are built upon it many Pagod Temples and indow'd Cloysters of Priests Near the City Laiu is a Mountain nam'd Taxe
out of which they dig Iron In the County Yencheufu near the City Kioheu is the Mountain Fang famous for the Tombs of the Ancient Philosopher Kungfuti's Parents Hing is a Hill near the City Nungyang so call'd from the abundance of Armenian Plums which grow on the same By the City Cou is the Mountain Chaugping on which some say Kungni was Born in a City of the same name whereof the Ruins are yet to be seen By the City Ie is the Mountain Ie Crown'd with divers Villages Near the City Tunping a Mountain nam'd Fung is so interlac'd with Woods and Fields that it makes a most delightful Landskip The Chineses compare it to Damask Silk In the County Tungchangfu not far from the City Kaotang lies a Mountain call'd Minxe which signifies A Sounding Stone for that on the top of this Mountain stands a very high Pillar which on the least touch with the Finger makes a noise like a Drum In the County Chingcheufu near the City Chusing lies a great Mountain call'd Langsie which extends East from thence to the Sea On it are many Villages built the first when the Emperor Xi Encamp'd thereabout with thirty thousand Men. By the City Yxui is the Mountain Tapien having a flat top of ninety Furlongs In the Territory Tencheufu Northward from the chief City Tengcheu lies the Mountain Tengheng noted for the Defeat which Hansiu gave to King Si. By the City Foxan is the Mountain Chifeu which with a Promontory runs into the Sea There is also another Mountain call'd Cheuy from whence a round Stone runs into the Sea which by the Chineses is call'd Cheu that signifies Pearls In the County Laicheufu lies the Mountain Hoang so call'd from a certain Virgin who had here a Temple Consecrated to Her On the Shore near the City Siene is the Mountain Lao. WIthin the Walls of the City Kaifung is a Hill call'd Y full of Gardens and stately Palaces Near the City Siangching is the Mountain Xeu being in great Veneration among the Chineses for its Fortunate shape and position and is the first mention'd in the Books of Tiungxu which Treats of that kind of Divination which they deduce from the observation of the Mountains By the City Siuching is the Mountain Kicu in which is a stately Grotto made by the Emperor Hoangti for his Summers Recess North-West from the City Cu is the Mountain Cu on which King Si having hid much Treasure afterwards put to Death all those that were privy to the burying thereof that so he might keep it secret Nevertheless his Son though then very young taking notice of the Action when he came to the Crown caus'd all the Gold to be taken up In the County Gueichoeifu near the City Ki lies the Mountain Cinivien out of which runs a Brook whose Water both washes and shaves at once that is when apply'd makes bare all Hairy parts of the Body In the Territory Hoaikingfu Northward from the chief City Hoaiking is the Mountain Tai which in former Ages Vomiting Fire rent asunder making a Gap of thirty Rods from whence flows now a slimy unctious Water serving for many uses in stead of Oil and being not unpleasing to the Taste Towards the South-West is a double Mountain call'd Iquan between which as through a Gate the River In hath its Course About the City Hiang towards the South lies the Mountain King out of which the Emperor Hoangti is Recorded to have all the Copper which he us'd both for his Weapons of War and his Houshold Utensils In the County Nanyangfu on the North side of the chief City Nanyang is the Mountain Yu on which thirty six Pearls are constantly found never either more or less About the City Niuhang towards the North-East begins the Mountain Taipe and extends South-East to the City Chechuen There lies also the Mountain Tienchi and upon it a Lake whose Water is held for a great Cordial In the County Iunningfu is the Mountain Tienchung which they call The Center of the World By the City Simang is a very high and pleasant Mountain whose top if cover'd with a Cloud the Chineses immediately after expect Rain like the Table-Mountain at the Cape of Good Hope and the Wrekin in Shropshire The other Mountains of this Province are in the County of Changtifu by Tangin the Hill Simeu out of which runs the River Tang West of the City Lin the steep Mountain Yang In the Territory Hoaikinfu North of the City Liyven the Wooddy Mountain Voangae In the County Hananfu near the City Hanan the great Mountain Pemang In the County Nanyangfu South of the City Quanxan the Mountain Huy In the County of In near the City Luxa a Mountain of the same name IN the Province of Suchuen Westward from the City Quan begins the Mountain Cinching spreading above a thousand Furlongs and hath the fifth place of Esteem among the Chineses who hold that those which they call Xensiens or Immortal People meet often there By the City Gan towards the East lies the Mountain Lunggan Crown'd with pleasant Woods and Fountains There are also the Ruins of a Palace built by the Kings of Cho. Near the City Chungking is the Mountain call'd Toyung swarming with Apes and Monkies Not far from the City Xefang towards the North is a Mountain call'd Tafung whose Head pierces the Clouds and sends forth from the top a River which running down very steep makes a great noise in the fall from the top of this being reckon'd sixty Furlongs Perpendicular you may take a Prospect over all the other Mountains and see the City Chingtu it extends from the utmost Western Borders of the Province of Suchuen to Prester Iohn's Countrey or Sifan and in a continu'd Ridge reaches to the City Guei Out of these Mountains the great River Kiang takes its first Original By the City Cangki towards the North is the Mountain Iuntai which for its heighth is call'd The Throne of Clouds Near the City Pa lies to the North-East the Mountain Iu out of which though craggy and difficult to ascend Precious Stones are digg'd Not far from thence towards the West lies the Mountain Pingleang on whose top is a delightful Plain surrounded with other higher Mountains of the County By the City Sike lies the great Mountain Nannim which rises aloft with twelve high Spiring Heads upon nine whereof are Salt-pits In the County Chungkingfu Northward from the chief City Chungking on the Shore of the River Feu is a Mountain which for its shape is much Idoliz'd by the Chineses by reason it represents at least they imagine so the Idol call'd Fe who is Figur'd sitting with his Legs a cross and his Hands on his Bosom a cross This Mountain-Image which whether Natural or made by Art the Chineses themselves have not under Record may be judg'd by his Eyes Nose Mouth and Ears which are seen at half a Mile distance A more particular Description is given by Athanasius
with ease lie on the same without touching one another Northward from the City Hukeu lies the Mountain Yechung that is Stone-Clock for the Water of the Lake being driven by the Wind against this Mountain makes a noise like a Bell. On the Shore of the River Kiang by the same City the Mountain Matang is noted for the many Ships that have been lost on the same for if any Vessel chance to go never so little from the Shore the Current being so exceeding strong drives them against the Rocks and splits them in pieces In the County Kienchangfu Westward from the chief City Kienchang the Mountain Masu the thirty sixth in order in the Books of Tausu extends four hundred Furlongs By the City Quanchang the Mountain Chunghoa divides it self at the top into several Hillocks whereof all are barren except one which being green and full of Trees is crown'd with a Temple In the County Vucheufu Northward from the City Vucheu is the Mountain Sangkiu on which they say is a strange Image in the shape of a Man which according to the several variations of the Air changes its colour so that the neighboring People know certainly by it what Weather they shall have In the County Linkiangfu on the North side of the City Linkiang is the Mountain Comao the thirty third in order in the Books of Tausu Many Omens of good fortune the Chineses fancy to themselves in this Mountain By the City Sinkin is the Mountain Iosu the seventeenth in order in the Books of Tausu In the Teritory Xuicheufu on the East side of the City Xuicheu is the Mountain Tayu in the midst of which is a pleasant Grove and a stately Chappel By the City Xangcau lies the Mountain Lungfung on which a day after Rain there appears a great Flame of Fire in the Night but never in dry Seasons The People thereabouts being much inclin'd to Superstition say that this Flame is the Spirit of the Mountains and for that reason have built a fair Chappel on the South side of the City Sinchang and Consecrated it to Fire In the County Iuencheufu on the South side of the City Iuencheu lies the Mountain Niang so call'd because it is onely visible but not accessible by reason of its dangerous Cliffs which seem to fall every Minute it is three hundred Furlongs in circumference and produces a Spring whose Water is so exceeding cold all the whole year that it cannot be drunk till it hath stood a considerable time in the Sun In the County of Kancheusu on the East side of the City Kancheu is the Mountain Tiencho on which in the Night appears a Light like that of kindled Coals There are some which suppose it to be Serpents which as they say vomit forth Precious Stones whereof they wear one on their Heads and swallow up the rest again Near the City Ningtu lies the Mountain Kincing the thirty third in order in the Books of Tausu The Chineses fancy that the neighboring Hills are peopled with Satyrs and other strange Monsters in the shape of Men. In the County Nanganfu on the West side of the City Nangan is the Mountain Sihoa that is Western Flower for Si signifies Western and Hoa Flower There are also in this Province by the City Iaoicheu on the Lake Poyang the Mountain Cienfo by the City Yukaw the Mountain Hungyai in the County Kieukiangfu South-East of the City Kieukiang the Mountain Taku on an Isle of the same Name in the Lake Poyang East of the City Tegan the Mountain Poye by the City Pengie in the Lake Poyang the inaccessible Mountain Siaofu near the City Kinki the far-stretch'd Mountain Iunglin having thirty six Tops in the County Kieganfu by the City Ganfo the Mountain Uncung in circuit eight hundred Furlongs by the City Sinfung the large Mountain Hiang producing Medicinal Drugs and several others of which there is nothing remarkable to mention IN the County Kiangningfu South West from the City Kiuyung lies the Mountain Mao which in the Books of Tausu is accounted the first for Pleasure and Happiness North-East from the chief City Nanking the Mountain No bears on its Head a Temple wherein are plac'd a thousand Images Towards the South-East from the City Nanking is the Fang a Mountain onely remarkable because on the Commands of the Emperor Xi it was by five thousand Men digg'd through to prevent as he thought the Prediction which the Mountain-gazers gave out from their observation of this Mountain concerning the subversion of his Empire On the South-West side of the City Nanking the Mountain San juts into the River Kiang and towards the River side hath divers Iron Chains fastned to it not as the Chineses ridiculously affirm because it should not run away but that the Ships may take the better hold with their Hooks otherwise this Mountain being of very hard Stone the Vessels must needs strike against it In the County Fungyangfu near the City Linhoa lies the Mountain Iunonu so call'd from the abundance of a sort of Mineral which we commonly call Muscovy Glass digg'd out of the same Near the City Xeu lies the Mountain Cukin whereon in former Ages a great piece of Gold being found and proving good against many Distempers the Chineses say that it was made by the art of Chymistry By the City Hutai lies the Mountain Moyang or Shepherds-Hill so call'd from a fair Virgin who kept Sheep on the same In the Territory Sucheufu at the South-West side of the City Sucheu near the Lake Tai lies the Mountain Liguien remarkable for the many fair Buildings which crown the same By the Lake Tai the Mountain Siu is coronetted with a stately Chappel and Cloyster Within the City Changxo the Mountain Yu extends to the West several Furlongs In the County Sungkiangfu on the South-East side of the City Sungkiang on the Shore of the River is the Kin onely remarkable in this County upon it stands a great Fort and at the Foot thereof a considerable number of Ships for the securing of the Havens thereabouts In the County Changcheufu by the City Vusie is the Si a Mountain out of which they dig Tin In the Territory Chinkiangfu on the North-West side of the City Chinkiang lies the Mountain Kin which makes an Isle in the River Kiang upon it are several fair Temples and Cloysters for Priests There also springs out of it a Brook call'd Chungleang whose Water is much esteem'd amongst the Chineses so that it is exceeding pleasant both by Art and Nature In the Territory Hoaiganfu lies the Yocheu in the Sea near the City Hai a Mountain very remarkable for a most stately Chappel and Cloyster to which many People from all Parts in China come to make Offerings By the City Lukiang in the County of Lucheufu the Mountain Taifu hath many pleasant Groves and delightful Ascents By the City Sosung lies the Mountain Siaoku with two high Spiry Tops between which being a Valley runs the River Kiang
Hills and above four hundred seventy two Holes or Caverns The Chinese Mountain-Gazers look upon it as one of the chief Mountains for Divination By the City Lungchuen near the City Kieyang lies the Mountain Cangpu which extends to the Sea where on the Shore it ends in a most dreadful Precepice They say that Flowers and Birds grow and breed on the same of so strange a kind as are found in no other places By this City Kieyang lies a Mountain of the same denomination divided as it were into Arms or Branches one of which extends to the City Hinning of the County Hoeicheufu and the other towards the City Haifung By the City Hoeilay lies the Mountain Pehoa so call'd from the Flowers which continually grow upon it for it produces several Flowers according to the season of the Year By the City Chinkiang are also many great Hills which lie close together and wherein there are many deep Caverns but not pry'd into by the Chineses for that as it is said many going to dig in them never came out alive none knowing what became of them or whither they went In the County Chaokingfu at the North side of the City Chaoking lies the Mountain Ting on which according to the Writings of the Chineses stands a Stone two hundred Rods high In the Jurisdiction of the City Suhoci lies the Mountain Sin that is The Mountain of Chastity so call'd from a Maid who vowing Solitude and Chastity Liv'd and Dy'd there a Virgin in pure Devotion to the memory of one who having been her Lover and Bethroth'd to her was accidentally devour'd by a Tyger her Parents in vain endeavoring to force her to Marry some other Person to avoid which constraint she fled to this Mountain on which are two Temples built and Consecrated to her By the City Teking lies the Mountain Koleang eminent for its producing a sort of Trees which because of the exceeding hardness of their Wood are call'd Iron Trees In the County Kaocheufu on the East side of the City Kaocheu is the Mountain Feu which is of such a heighth that this onely as the Chineses say appear'd with its Crown above the Water in the time of their general Deluge and that some were preserv'd alive on the same Near the City Tienpe lies the Mountain Koleang which is said to be of that quality that its Inhabitants neither feel excess of heat in the Summer nor cold in the Winter but enjoy all the Year long continual Spring By the City Hoa lies a brave and pleasant Mountain nam'd Pao that is Precious to which the Inhabitants resort in great companies to Recreate themselves In the Territory Liencheufu near the North side of the City Liencheu lies in a private place the great Mountain Uhoang famous amongst the Chineses upon a supposition they have that the Fruit which grows there is found no where else and that if any one should presume to carry any away with him having liberty to Eat as much as he pleases there he would never find his way out of the Mountain From the City King towards the West the way through the Mountains is so troublesome to find that Mayven a General of the Chineses marching with an Army against the Emperor of Tungking caus'd Copper Columes to be set up in the same that thereby he might find that way out again at his return to this day one of them may be seen standing on a steep ascent call'd Fuenmoa where the Boundaries are between the Kingdom of Tungkin and China In the County Luicheufu Southward from the City Luicheu is the Mountain Kingliu on which from a flash of Lightning sprung a Fountain Another Hill nam'd Tatunglai near the City Cuiki on an Isle in the Sea near the Shore hath seventy Furlongs in Circumference and eight Populous Villages which maintain themselves with fishing for Pearls There are moreover in this Province in the County Quancheufu near the City Tunguen the Mountain Heufu making an Isle in the Sea Near the same City the Mountain Tahi on the Sea-shore In the County Hoeucheufu the Mountain Lofeu extending from the City Changing to the City Polo In the County Xaocheu near the City Lochang the Mountain Chang North of the City Nanking the high and far-spreading Mountain Tecafung By the City Xihing the fair and pleasant Mountain Sicung Near the Moat of the City King the Mountain Heng About the City Linxan the high Hill Loyang THe Province of Quangsi possesses an endless Ridge of barren and unaccessible Mountains In the County Queilufu towards the North-East of the chief City Queilin appears the Quei a Mountain so call'd from the abundance of Trees nam'd Quei these Trees suffer no other to grow near them nor in the same places where they have stood formerly The Mountain Tosieu lies also near the City Queilin and hath a very fine Colledge More Northward in the same Tract of Land lies the Mountain Xin with three high Precipices on the top of one of them stands a Palace so high that the Chineses affirm it to be in the third or purest Region of the Air above all the Clouds By the City Hingquan lies the Mountain Haiyang which reaches to the City Lingchuen upon it is a Pool which breeds four Footed Beasts and Horn'd Fish which Monsters the Chineses believe are to Recreate the Dragon therefore dare not offer to kill any of them The Mountain Hoa that is Flower so call'd from its pleasant Prospect lies on the Shore of the River Quei near the City Yangso By the City Iungfo lies the Mountain Fungcao that is Phenix Nest the Chineses affirm that the Bird Phenix bred and made his Nest on the same and that under the Phenix Nest a very Precious and unvaluable Stone hath been found About the City Cyven lies the Mountain Siang Crown'd with a fair Temple and Cloyster Northward beyond the City Queilin a Ridge of steep Hills runs along with seven rising tops which exactly represent the shape of The great Bear wherefore it is call'd Chiesing that is Hill of the seven Stars In the County Lieucheufu lies Southward from the City Lieucheu the Mountain Sienie from whose several observable things as its deep Caverns Spiry Point which like a Pillar of one intire Stone shoots up in a straight and Perpendicular Line its Stone Image of a Horse c. the Chineses Draw in their Fancy many lucky Omens Northward of the City Siang rises the Mountain Xintang which is so high and steep that it is almost inaccessible yet on its top hath a pleasant Lake full of Fish and surrounded with Trees whereupon the Chineses who are very curious to see such things climbe up this Mountain with great labor and trouble reporting that for its pleasant Situation it was formerly frequented by a People which they say never Die and are call'd Xincien In the County Kingyvenfu Northward from the City Kingyven appears the Mountain Y onely remarkable for its standing alone for whereas
others are very high and extend a vast way this stands alone like a Pyramid and therefore eminent amongst the Chineses In the County Pinglofu at the South-West side of the City Pinglo begins the Mountain Kai and extends to the City Lipu on the East side is the steep and great Mountain Iung which hath nine craggy Hills on the West side lies the Hill Monica that is to say The Crown of Eyes because it hath two great Stones which appear like two Eyes on its top so exactly form'd by Nature that scarce any Artist could match them the Ball of the Eye may easily be distinguish'd for round about are two Streaks one white and another black as in our Eyes By the City Fuchuen appears the Mountain Sin on which by a flash of Lightning eight great Holes were made Not far from the City Ho lies the Mountain Kiue so call'd from the abundance of Golden-colour'd Apples that grow thereon Southward from the City Sieugin lies a pretty high Hill nam'd To which is inaccessible one way but towards the City ascended by Stairs made by Nature In the County Guchenfu Northward from the City Gucheu the Mountain Tayun begins near the Metropolis of the County By the City Teng lies a very pleasant Mountain nam'd Nan from which the Chineses make many strange Observations By the City Yung begins the Mountain Tayung which reaches to the Jurisdiction of the Cities Pelieu Hinge Yolin and Cin. Near the same place is the Mountain Tukiâ—…o the twenty second in the Book of Tausu it hath eight steep Spires and twenty Caverns By the City Yolin lies the Mountain Han that is Cold because it is so exceeding cold that no Man can live on the same notwithstanding it lies under a very hot Clymate Soutward from the City Pope lies the Mountain Fiyun remarkable because in the Rocks thereof appear Prints of Mens Feet some four Spans long The whole Mountain is barren and full of Caverns Northward from the City Pelieu lies the great Mountain Kilieu which hath many Precipices and is the twenty second in the Book of Tausu Westward from the City Yung lies the Mountain Ho that is Fiery so call'd because every Night appears a Fire like a lighted Torch on the same They say that these Lights are little Insects which we call Glow-worms and that they run out of the River upon the Mountain from whence they give that Light The great Mountain Xepao lies also in this County hath great Woods of Trees and Indian Canes and nourishes a multitude of Tygers In the County Chincheufu at the South side of the City Sincheu lies the Mountain Pexe the one and twentieth in the Book of Tausu and advances its Top call'd Toucu above the Clouds on the North side is the Mountain Lungxe the largest in the whole County overspread with many pleasant Groves and Corn-Fields By the City Quei lies the great Mountain Nan which thrusts up twenty four Spiry Hillocks In the County Nanningfu on the East side of the City Nanning rises the the Mountain Heng so call'd because in the middle of the River Yeu or Puon it receives the Water which with great force is driven by the Stream The Family Sung caus'd a Fort to be built on the same for a Defence of the Countrey There are besides in this Province North-East of the River Hung the Mountain Hocio North of the City Heng the Florid Mountain Sieulia East of the City Yunghung the Mountain Suchung having Iron Mines West of the City Naning the Mountain Moye in the Territory Taipingfu near the City Lung the very high Mountain Cieuling East of the City Taiping the Mountain Peyun not far from thence the Mountain Gomui and near it the Mountain Kin by the City Co in the County Sumingfu near the Rity Hiaxe the wooddy Mountain Pelo in the Territory Chinyanfu the high and pleasant Mountain Iun in the Garrison'd County Sugenfu East of the City Sugen the Mountain Tosieu by the City Vuyuen the Mountain Kifung and a little farther the Moye in the Territory Suchingfu near the City Suching the high craggy Mountain Lengyum by the Cities Fulo Tukang and Suling the Mountains Tanping Siecung and Lyfang and not far thence the Mountain Xipi IN the Territory Queiyangfu on the East side of the City Queiyang in the Province of Queicheu lies the Mountain Tengen signifying Copper Drum from the sound of a Drum as the Chineses affirm that is heard upon it against Rain In the Territory Sunangfu on the South side of the City Sunang rises the Vancing to which there being no Ascent but onely one way the Inhabitants find it a safe place of refuge in time of War On the South-West side lies the Mountain Lungmuen by the City Vuchuen the great Mountain Tanien on which reside many People unknown to the Chineses In the County Sinyven near the Moat of the City Ciniven rises the Mountain Xeping which signifies Stone Pillar because an entire Stone is erected there which as they say is a hundred Rods high On the North-West side of the City Sinyven lies the Mountain Sikiung on which anciently stood a City whereof the Ruines yet remain In the Territory Tuchofu near the City Pinglang lies the Mountain Kaiyang fortifi'd with a Castle On the North side of the City Hokiang is the Mountain Ching to whose top leads onely a narrow Foot-path which is guarded by a strong Fort. About the City Fuiugning lies the Mountain Hinglang ascended by Stone Stairs which are guarded by the Inhabitants to secure the Passage By the City Pincheu lies the Mountain Lotung which extends twelve hundred Rods and near the City Cinping piercing the Clouds with its Spiry Top is call'd Hianglu In the little County of the City Pugan on the North-East side thereof appears the Mountain Puonkiang which extends to the Kingdom of Gannan and the Fort Ganchoang On the South-West side is the Mountain Tangpi out of which they dig Quicksilver and the Mineral Hiunghoang In the little County Iunningfu near the City Muy rises the Hungyai a very high Mountain terrible to behold There is also a Hill nam'd Lincing overgrown with Indian Canes By the City Tinging lies the Mountain Quangso which extending a hundred Furlongs hath a Fort for the safeguard of the Way In the little County of the City Chinning near the City Xenk appears the Mountain Magan so nam'd from its resembling a Saddle The small Territory of the City Ganxun hath but one Mountain which lies on the East side thereof and is call'd Niencung which though very high is not above ten Furlongs in compass In the Garrison'd County Sintienfu on the North side of the chief City Sintien is a very high Mountain call'd Pie which pierces the Clouds and runs up like a Pyramid for which reason it is nam'd Pie which signifies A Pencil with which the Chineses Write On the North side lies the Mountain Yangpo which for its pleasantness and variety of colours may
add that all the Birds about the latter end of Harvest meet on the same and there bewail the death of their Phenix The Inhabitants observe also that time and climb up the Hill in the Night with Lights to catch Birds and return from thence loaden with their purchase Moreover according to Bontius on the Island Iava breed ordinary Bats in the Woods which are as big as Pigeons which the Iavans eat for a great Dainty They often come into the Houses at Night if the Windows or Doors chance to be left open in the Day and fastning themselves like Leeches to the Feet of those whom they find asleep suck great abundance of Blood from them which more amazes than hurts them when they awake Fishes BEcause of the many Rivers Pools and Lakes the Countrey of China abounds with variety of Fish especially the Province of Xantung which by reason of its Neighborhood to the Sea hath besides the Fish taken in Rivers and Lakes great store which are got in the Sea in such abundance that for the value of a Peny they purchase ten Pound weight of Fish Also there is incredible store of Fish in the Province of Huquang and likewise in that of Kiangsi especially Salmon In the River Kiang about the City Kieukyang though some Leagues from the Sea store of Fish is caught as Cod Dolphins and Salmon In the River Lofeu by the City Xeu in the Province of Huquang are excellent Lamprees in abundance The Yellow River amongst the rest breeds a Fish nam'd Xehon that is Marbled Flower so call'd from the Marble Spots on its Skin It is caught in no other place but near the City Paote in the Province of Xansi and is in great esteem amongst such as take upon them to understand Eating They are taken chiefly in the Province of Fokien near the City Hunghoa The River Tan which glides close by the chief City Nanyang in the Province of Honan hath Fish of a perfect red colour which are onely seen and caught in the beginning of Summer for the remaining time of the year they hide themselves The Chineses ridiculously believe and some have written to that effect If any one besmears his Feet with the Blood of this Fish he may walk on the Water as well as on the Land They add moreover That if the Water be stirr'd at that time it immediately turns red together with all the Fish which at that present appear wherefore it hath the Name of Tan that is Red. The County of Ningpofu in the Province of Chekiang lying near the Sea is well provided with Sea-Fish which they dry in the Sun as Oysters Crabs and Lobsters with which they furnish most parts of China In the beginning of Summer is caught a Fish nam'd Hoang that is to say Yellow because of its yellow colour This Fish is of such a Nature that it will not last one hour good after it is taken out of the Water but it is exceedingly valu'd amongst the Chineses they put it into Vessels with Ice and so bring it to Market for which purpose they preserve Ice in the Winter to keep the fore-mention'd Fish in in the Summer In a Lake of the compass of two hundred Acres lying on the Mountain Cienking in the County Hancheufu in the Province of Chekiang they catch Fish of a Golden colour from which they are call'd Kinyu for Kin signifies Gold and Yu a Fish having a Scale which shines as if sprinkled with Gold They scarce ever exceed a Fingers length yet have Tails split into two or three parts sometimes intire and broad which make them appear fair to the Eye They are by the Chineses kept with great care alive in their Houses or Gardens in neat Vessels made for that purpose The Grandees often with their own Hands catch this Fish which on the other side as if it knew who was its Lord and what pleasure it did him comes as it were on purpose with his Companion and plays just above the Water One of these Fishes if it be perfect and sound costs sometimes three or four Crowns In the watry Valley on the Mountain Haiyang near the City Queiling in the Province of Quangsi are Four-footed and Horn'd Fish In the River Siang in the County Changxafu in the Province of Huquang and in the great River Kiang where it runs through the Province of Nanking are a sort of Fish by the Chineses from the Portuguese corruptly call'd Xanel A great quantity of this Fish pack'd up alive in Ice in peculiar Vessels is sent to the Emperor to Peking every Week two Ships Lading of them as long as the time of Fishing continues and though it be above two hundred Leagues by Water yet in eight or ten days they finish their Journey for Night and Day the Vessels are Toed by a Line and new Toers taken so soon as the old ones begin to be tir'd which at appointed places like our Stages stand ready for by a Letter sent before they acquaint them with the Hour when they shall be there and if any neglect happen herein the Governors forfeit their Lives No Cost nor Charges are spar'd to procure the Emperor this excellent Fish of which he gives some to his Council of State The County Chinkiangfu in the Province of Iunnan hath many Rivers Pools and Lakes abounding with Fish and amongst others one out of which the Physicians draw an excellent Medicine against all kind of Scurf and Scabs In the same County by the City Yangcung in the Lake Ming is a black colour'd Fish nam'd Cing which is said to be good against many Diseases In the County Fungciangfu in the Province of Xensi near the City Pingyang they take a Fish call'd Xe that is Stone which being dry'd and beaten to Powder keeps Moths out of Clothes if strow'd on the same In the Sea before the County Taicheufu in the Province of Chekiang the Chineses catch many Haions or Seals whose Skins they send to Iapan to make Scabbards for Swords and through all parts of China making great profit of them as the said Skin is us'd amongst us for the making Cases for Watches and Handles for Knives Serpents and creeping Animals IN the County Fungchiangfu in the Province of Xensi is a sort of black Serpent of which the Chineses make a Medicine to expel Poyson and cure many Distempers In the County Nanyangfu in the Province of Honan are Serpents whose Skin is generally full of white Spots The Wine in which they have been steep'd is an excellent Remedy against Stiffness of the Joynts or Limbs In the County Hoangcheufu in the Province of Huquang are Serpents which heal the Leprosie and Scabbiness On the Mountain Citien by the City Caihoa in the Province of Chekiang are very great Serpents which have no manner of Poyson In the County Gucheufu in the Province of Quangsi are as the Chineses write Serpents several Rods in length no wonder then if they are
to visit them The Letter from the Admiral Bort to Santing Houbethetok with the Presents being a pair of Snaphance Pistols with Holsters four Yards of Scarlet and four Pieces of fine Linnen were by the Agents two Interpreters Bedel and Lakka sent to him but he told them That he durst not receive any Letters or Presents before they came back again from Sinksieu and had spoke with the Vice-Roy and General Lipovy but he intended to have visited them had not his present indisposition hindred him But Houbethetok caus'd his Servants to carry them Oranges Nuts Chesnuts besides some Porkers Hens and Geese for which they return'd the Servants good Spanish Coyn. The next day being the thirtieth they with their Retinue went to see the City whilst the Convoy made all things ready for their farther Journey Zwansifoe is a Place of great Trade full of Shops and Merchandise adorn'd with several Triumphal Arches made of blue Stone whereon Men Women Horses Dragons Tygers Lyons Bears Apes were all presented in Graven Work to the Life in their various Colours and on the top the Names of those in honor of whom they were erected It hath also three high Steeples with Galleries about them besides many inferior Temples The Wall about the City being twenty seven Foot high and of equal thickness is fortifi'd with many Bulwarks Moats and Breast-works upon the top of it always lie heaps of Stones and Timber for defence against sudden Storms or Assaults This City hath three Gates with winding Entrances rais'd of great blue Stones and was never Conquer'd by the Tartars but deliver'd up by Collonel Houbethetok conditionally That he should still possess the Place of Governor and likewise because of this free Surrender the old Magistrates kept their several Offices and the City their antient Priviledges and Liberties yet as a sign of Conquest the Tartars caus'd all the Steeples to be pull'd down except the three before-mention'd Coxinga once laid Siege to it but was forc'd to leave it and depart with the loss of many Men. In the Morning about nine a Clock they proceeded on their Journey and at Noon travel'd by the ruin'd City Engeling and all the day long past thorow and in sight of divers strong Castles built of Stone and many Villages About the Evening they came to two great Forts call'd Twaia distant from each other a quarter of an Hours walking whose Walls built of Free-Stone were twenty five Foot high and twenty eight thick The first of October in the Morning the Agents leaving these Forts came about three a Clock with their Retinue which consisted of above a hundred Persons Hollanders Chineses and Tartars to the City Tanwa surrounded with a Stone-Wall and Fortifi'd with high Bulwarks and deep Trenches Tanwa is accounted one of the most delightful and populous Cities of all China seated in a rich Valley abounding with plenty of all things so that many Merchants resorting thither take up their Residence to enjoy the benefit and pleasure of the adjacent Countrey Without the City are many stately Monuments where the Towns men make daily Offerings to the Souls of their deceas'd Parents Three grand Mandarins well Mounted and follow'd by a great Train of Servants bidding the Agents welcome carry'd them into a stately Inn to which they ascended by seven Marble Steps in it were many Chambers all the floors neatly Pav'd and furnish'd with Chairs and Stools Benches and costly Bedsteds to accommodate Persons of Quality when they travel'd with Stable-rooms for an hundred Horse and Lodgings for twelve hundred Men Here the Agents choosing one of the most convenient Chambers took their repose that Night The second being Munday about nine a Clock the Agents with all their Attendance left Tanwa and passing a large Stone Bridge saw several Ruin'd Towns and Villages besides others yet in their Splendor but commanded by Garrisons A little before Sun-set they came to a Fort on the top of a Hill which whilst they ascended they were met and courteously welcom'd by the Governor from whom they understood that the Islanders of Eymuy and Quemuy were upon a Treaty of Peace with the Tartars but he fear'd that it would come to nothing This Night they Lodg'd in the Castle where they had good Entertainment for their Money The third being Tuesday the Agents set forward about three a Clock in the Morning and travel'd by and through many Villages coming at last to a Stone Bridge at each side Guarded with a Fort. In the afternoon the Agents pass'd by several Pagodes where the Chinesy Priests seem'd to shew them great Respect Presenting them with Sweet-Meats and Tee After some stay proceeding on their Journey came at last in sight of Sinksieu whither they were sent not far from whence they were met by three Mandarins with their Attendants sent from the Vice-Roy Singlamong and the General Lipovi to Complement and welcom them After the Ceremonies were past on both sides the Agents were by the Mandarins carry'd to a great Pagode from whence after a short Treat they were conducted through the City into a spacious Court the usual place of Reception for their travelling Grandees This House was of so large Reception that it not only afforded Stable room for above a thousand Horse but also Lodgings for as many Men having divers large and handsom Chambers furnish'd with stately Bedsteds Stools and Benches Here the Agents took their repose several Soldiers being sent to Guard the House from the overpressing intrusions of the common People which by thousands out of curiosity came thither to see and gaze upon the Hollanders The Agents immediately gave notice of their arrival by their Interpretors Pedel and Lakka to the Vice-Roy Singlamong and General Taysing Lipovi with request to grant them Audience and suffer them to speak with him that they might deliver the General of Batavia's Letters that so time might not be lost in imploying so stout a Fleet as lay at present in his own River Whereupon the Vice-Roy and General reply'd That they were come a great and long Voyage by Sea and Land and were weary with travelling thefore they should stay till the next day on which they should have Audience Mean while several Mandarins came to Congratulate their welcome bringing with them divers sorts of Fruit as Oranges Nuts Chestnuts and Pears besides Hens Geese and two Swine for which they return'd them Thanks and gave their Servants Money The fourth in the Morning the Agents made themselves ready to deliver the small Presents and Letters from Batavia to the Vice-Roy and General in the Camp About eight a Clock twelve Horses were brought to their Lodging which they and their Attendance Mounted and with two Mandarins Rode thorow a great part of the City Sinksieu by many fair and large Triumphal Arches A little Southward from the City ran a River which having cross'd they came into the Army which lay about a Mile and a half
distant from the Fleet. The ninth in the morning they saw above twenty Fisher-Jonks near the Shore of Pakka who were putting to Sea to fish but not being able to get out were by the Current driven towards the South Van Campen chas'd them between the Islands yet the Jonks by their swift sailing escap'd him In the afternoon the Hollanders came again to an Anchor behind Campens Point in nine Fathom Water about a small Cannon-shot from the Shore The tenth they saw two Frigats in the Bay of Pakka viz. the Sea-hound in which the Admiral Bort was as they understood the next day and the Highland which on the eighth was sent thither for Intelligence The eleventh in the morning the Admiral Bort came in the High-land Frigat to an Anchor about half a League from the Vice-Admiral Mean while the Admiral Bort had by Storm taken the Fort Kitat lying in the Bay of Pakka and with it plunder'd all the Towns Villages and Hamlets being twenty in number belonging thereto All which he had written to the Vice-Admiral Van Campen the tenth of the said Month from the Bay of Pakka adding thereto That had he not been detain'd eight days by tempestuous Weather he had been with him before that time to find out Zwathia lying about the North in hopes there to find several Trading Jonks The same day Harman Symonsz went aboard the Vice-Admiral being sent thither by the Admiral from the Bay of Pakka with the Letters before-mention'd bringing also with him a small Supply of fresh Victuals which was equally distributed amongst the Ships They found in Kitat nothing but a little Rice Salt and a little Lumber besides twelve Women and fifteen Youths which were transported for Servants to Batavia The Hollanders fell upon this Place because some of Coxinga's Party resided there The twelfth they descried three Jonks and a Fishers Boat in the North-East one of them being without a Mast Van Campen by the Admirals Order set Sail towards them with five Ships That Jonk which had lost her Mast was onely taken the rest escaping by the advantage of the Tide In the taken Jonk they found no more but onely Salt Rice and Wood. Towards Evening the Frigat came again to the Prize-Jonk and about eight at Night tow'd her along with them to Campens Point In the afternoon the Sea-hound and High-land Frigats and Ter-Boede Pink came up to the Vice-Admiral and at Night Anchor'd South and by West about a League from them Wednesday being the thirteenth the Ter-Boede was sent from the Fleet to the River Hoksieu there to stay till Van Campen's Squadron came back from the North. Against Noon the Overveen Frigat came out of Kitat-Bay near the Fleet and turning up Northerly in the afternoon was forc'd by contrary Winds to lie in seven Fathom water About midnight the Fleet weigh'd Anchor and hearing several Cannons fired and Van Campen fearing some of the Frigats to be run ashore sent his Boats thither and found the Calf to be drove very near the Shore on which the High-land Frigat had also been fast but was got off again whereupon Van Campen return'd Ysbrant Pilot to the Admiral and another were sent aboard of the Vice-Admiral to enquire how many healthy persons he had in his Ship of Seamen and Soldiers and what number of Sea-men he could be able to send ashore fit for Service whereupon he reply'd about thirty Thursday about Noon the Fleet was in twenty seven Degrees and nineteen Minutes Northern-Latitude two Leagues and a half from West and by North from Zwamzwa Cape In the afternoon about two a Clock the Fleet weighed Anchor again and in the Morning were within four Leagues North and by East of Zwatia three Leagues East Nor-East from Cape Elephant and three Leagues and a half West and by South from Zwamzwa About Noon the Fleet forc'd by contrary Winds and Tydes cast Anchor in eleven or twelve Fathom Water about three Leagues Nor-West and Nor-West and by West from the River Zwatia and two Leagues and a half South-east and by East from Cape Elephant where Riding all Night they Sail'd next day toward the North and soon after turn'd Westward up the River of Zwatia where the Vice-Admiral had Cruised with six Sail the twenty eighth and twenty ninth of the last Moneth The Marks whereby Sea-men may know this River are towards the North a great white Shelf and on the Shore many Cliffs A little more to the Northward of it lie two Islands behind which is a safe Harbor About Noon the Fleet found themselves in twenty seven Degrees and thirty five Minutes Eastward from the South-Point of the River Zwatia from whence Sailing West-South-west into the River they had from six to twenty three Fathom Water being the shallowest gravelly Ground and with the same Course they came before Zwatia where they cast Anchor in seven Fathom Water about a Musquet-shot from the Shore on which the short-hair'd Chineses stood with Red Flags a sign of Peace by them as the White is with us in great companies expecting the Netherlanders without any offering to come to their Ships This continu'd a whole hour when the Admiral Bort Commanded the Guns to be fir'd upon the Town The Chineses thus rudely saluted immediately let flie their White Flag in sign of War and shooting with Musquets and Blunderbusses flourish'd their Faulchions and Scythes over their Heads yet betook themselves with all their Movables which they were able to carry out of the City to flight towards the Mountains others with their Vessels ran up the River whereupon the Admiral Bort Commanded the Vice-Admiral Van Campen to go ashore with eight Boats and seven Shallops well Man'd and Arm'd which Bort himself promis'd to follow Van Campen Landing without any resistance on the Shore found the City Re-built and the Houses furnish'd with Tables Chests Stools and Benches besides abundance of Thrash'd and Unthrash'd Rice call'd Bady Salt great store of dry'd and Salt Fish and also Nets There appear'd seven large Temples every one apart in a pleasant Grove Wall'd round about and within Pav'd with Blue Stone where stood many Humane Figures Cloth'd in all sorts of Stuffs Caps Coats Breeches Shoes and Stockings all as alive about Tables on Wax'd Benches or Stools Gilded on each Table stood two large square Vessels or Pots wherein the Priests burn Incense to their Idols with perfum'd Calambak Agar and Sandal-Wood which yield a most fragrant smell On the Tables also lay four pieces of Wood each a large half Foot long round on the top and flat at the bottom which to know future events they throw three times one after another before the Idols Towards Evening Van Campen leaving the Shore went aboard again with all his Men loaden with the best Plunder and many Images not spoil'd by the Tartars Here it is to be observ'd that many Native Chineses are to be understood by the Name of Tartars viz. those who by shaving off
belong to the Emperor of China but to certain Free Lords which they call'd the Min. The first that joyn'd it to the Empire of China was the chief of the Family Cheu yet the Inhabitants soon shook off that Yoke and kept themselves free till the fortunate and valiant Emperor Hiaou of the Family of Han reduced and added it to China with all the Southern Territories setling them in Peace and placed a Vice-Roy over it call'd Veuching who kept his Court in the Metropolis thereof Cyn the first King thereof call'd the chief City and the Tract of Land thereto belonging Cyngan the next King Sui nam'd the Countrey Mencheu but the Tangs of another Line Kiencheu and not long after Focheu which Name the Taimingian Race kept ever since This Countrey Focheufu contains eight Cities Focheu the Metropolis and chief of all the Countrey otherwise call'd Hoksieu or Hokzieuw Cutien Mincing Changlo Lienkiang Loquen Iangfo Focing The City Focheu by Paulus Venetus call'd Fugui lieth about fifteen Leagues Westerly from the Sea on the Southern Shore of the River Min which with a wide Mouth falls Easterly into the Sea and brings both great and small Vessels up to the City Walls The convenience of this River makes the Town very populous and of great Trade It is adorn'd with fair Buildings and hath large Suburbs call'd Nantai otherwise according to the pronunciation of the Inhabitants Lamthay for those in Fokien use in stead of N the Letter L. and often say Lamking in stead of Nanking There are also many Idol Temples Cross the Bay near Nantai lies a Stone Bridge a hundred and fifty Rods long and one and a half broad built all of white Free-stone resting on a hundred very high Arches on the top of each side are Rails and Benches adorn'd at an equal distance with Lyons neatly cut of Stone Next this Bridge at the South end stands a fair and large Pagode or Temple Another Bridge not unlike this being a hundred Rods long may be seen at the City Focing And many more are without and within the Walls of the chiefest Cities Three Leagues from Focheu stands a Temple call'd Kouzan the largest of all in the Nether Provinces The second Division Civencheufu borders from the East to the South-east and so to the South upon the Sea and from the South-west to the West touches Chancheufu and on the North verges with Ienpingfu This Countrey formerly belong'd to the Princes Min and hath seven Cities Civencheu the chief Nangan Hocigan Tehoa Ganki Tunygan and Iungehung The City Civencheu lies near the Sea in a delightful Plain and admits by a large Bay the greatest Ships to Ride close under the Walls not onely on one but both sides of the City for it is built on a Promontory encompass'd with Water except on the North and South-east sides On the opposite Shore are many populous and Trading Towns and chiefly on a Place towards the North-west call'd Loyang which may rather be look'd upon as great Cities There also is a Bridge which hath the same denomination with the Town the whole World not shewing the like for it consists of a black Stone like Touch-stone not supported with Arches but above three hundred square Columns sharp above Bridge and below the better to break the impetuous egress and regress of the Current These Pillars are Capp'd to walk upon with five Stones of an exact breadth each eighteen Paces long and two broad which successively touch one another at either Foot of the Bridge of which there are to the number of a hundred and forty it is certainly a Miracle of Workmanship not onely for its great number of Stones of such a bigness that rest on those Columns but most of all where so many large and equal Stones could be had on each side to make the Passage the safer are Rails of the same Stones adorn'd with Lyons standing on Pedestals and other Imagery It is worth our observation what is written of one part of this Bridge that is between a Village call'd Loyan and a Castle built on the Bridge for beyond the Village reaches another part not much less than the former and of one make A Chinese Writer saith thus concerning it This part of the Bridge Loyang and also call'd Vangan lying on the North-west side of the City cross the River Loyang was built by a Governor call'd Cayang it extends in length to about three hundred and sixty Rods and in breadth one and a half Before this Bridge was built they cross'd the River in Boats but because every year many Vessels were by Storm cast away Cayang resolv'd for the safety of Passengers to build a Bridge but seeing such a great piece of Work to be too much for Mankind to undertake and also the Water too deep to lay a Foundation in it he invok'd the Gods of the Sea as he says for some time to stop the Current of the Water which if you will believe he obtain'd After the Essluxes were stay'd and no Tydes swelling the River in one and twenty days the Foundation was laid and forty hundred thousand Tail spent in the building of it The third Province call'd Chancheufu being the most Southern of all this Territory borders in the North-East and East with Civenchufu on the East South-East and South with the Sea on the South-West touches the Countrey of Quantung on the West and North-West and North at Tingcheufu It contains ten Cities of which Chancheu is the chiefest the rest are Changpu Lugnien Nancing Changtai Changping Pingho Chaogang Huicing and Ningyang The Name of Chancheu was first given to this Metropolis and Countrey by the Family of the Tang from the River Chang on whose Western Shore situate and was then allow'd the priviledge of a small City but the Iuem made her afterwards a Metropolis and at the same time built the small City Nancing from whence Father Martin concludes that then all these Places were much frequented by Navigators and that Paulus Venetus his Zerte must needs be thereabouts On the South-side where the River also washes the City is a large Bridge of Hew'n-stone with thirty six high Arches and so broad that on each side are divers Tradesmen and Artificers Shops in which they sell every day all manner of rich and foreign Commodities which are brought thither from Hiamuen The fourth call'd Kienningfu a very wide and spacious piece of Land borders on the North and North-East upon Chekiang on the East with Foningfu on the South at Focheufu and Ienpingfu on the West at Xaonufu on the North West and North upon Kiangsi This Division belong'd antiently to the Princes Min after which the Family Tang gave it the Name of Kiencheu and Sung another Race that which it hath at present Here are seven Towns whereof Kienning is the chiefest the rest are Cungan Puchiang Chingo Sunghi and Xeuning The City Kienning lying on the Eastern Shore of the
River Min is no way inferior either in beauty or worth or bigness to the Metropolis Father Martin affirms this City to be Venetus his Quelingfu In this last Tartarick War this City suffer'd much damage for having revolted from the Tartars it was taken after a long Siege and laid in Ashes and all the Inhabitants put to the Sword The Fire consum'd here a Bridge over the swift River Min the Pillars whereof were of an exceeding heighth of Free-stone the other parts of Wood beautifi'd on the top with Houses and Shops on each side but since by re-building it hath re-gain'd somewhat of former lustre Beyond the Bridge on the opposite Shore stands a stately Pagode Most of the new Buildings fall short of their old beauty notwithstanding the Chinese Towns that are consum'd by Fire are much more easily re-built than those in Europe because most of them are nothing but Wood. Near the City Kienning is another fair Bridge with Shops and Houses on both sides This City Kienning is a Place of great Trade for all those Commodities that come either up or down the River must pass through it When they come to the City Pucing they are taken out of the Vessels and by Porters carry'd to a Village call'd Pinghu belonging to the City Kiangxan over high Mountains and deep Valleys four days Journey In like manner they are carry'd from Pinghu to Puching The whole Way as much as is possible to be done by the Art or Labor of Man is made even and Pav'd with square Stones along whose sides are built many Houses and Villages onely to entertain Travellers The Merchandises being first weighed are deliver'd to the Master of the Inn which send them for a certain Gratuity by Porters to other Places where the Merchant without any trouble receives them If any thing chance to be lost the Host is bound to make it good Here are always above ten thousand Porters ready which wait to receive the Goods and carry them over the Mountains Because of this Carriage of so many Goods a House stands erected for the receiving a small Custom or Duty towards the maintaining and reparation of the High-ways The fifth Tract of Land call'd Ienpingfu makes the Centre of this Territory and borders in the East at the chief County Focheufu in the South and South-West at Civencheufu and Kancheufu on the West and North at Tingcheufu Xaounfu and Kienningfu King Cyn was the first that call'd the chief City and the Countrey thereto belonging Ienping the Family Tang nam'd it Kiencheu that of Sung Nankien but Taiming restor'd its antient Name Ienping This Ienpingfu contains seven Towns and Cities of which Ienping is the chiefest next Cianglo Xa Yonki Xunchan Iungan and Tatien The City Ienping lieth on the Western Shore of the River Min from whence it rises with its Buildings up the Hills rendring a delightful Prospect to those that pass by and though none of the biggest yet it is beautifi'd with several fair Houses The Walls exceed in heighth the neighboring Ascents which on the out-sides are inaccessible making the City very strong and indeed the Key to the whole Territory On the East-side is a Lake made by the Rivers Min and Si. Almost every House is furnish'd with Water convey'd to them through Pipes from the Mountains which Convenience no other Place in China hath Not far distant lay over the Rivers Min and Si two fair Bridges near which are two Temples The Town of Xa lieth on the Northern Shore of the River Taisu though formerly on the Southern Shore but was by the Emperors Order pull'd down to the Ground and left desolate because in it a young Man had Murder'd his Father The sixth Division being Tingcheufu is the most Western of this Territory borders Easterly on Ienpingfu on the South-East at Quantung on the West at that of Kiangsi and on the North Xaounfu This Countrey belong'd also heretofore to the Princes Min King Cyn gave it the Name of Sinlo and the Tang Family that which it bears at present in which Tincheufu was only a small Town but the Taimingian Family made it a chief City This Countrey contains eight Towns and Cities viz. Tingcheu the chief Winghon Xanghang Vuping Cinglieu Lienching Queihon and Iungting The seventh County call'd Hinghaofu is a small yet fruitful Countrey and borders on the East and South-East with the Sea on the South at Civencheufu on the West at Ienpingfu on the North at the Tract of Land belonging to the Metropolis Focheu King Sui gave it first the Name of Putien the Family Sung that of Hinghoa which signifies A Budding Flower afterwards the same Family call'd it Hingan but by the Taimingian the antient Name of Hinghoa was restor'd This Shire hath onely two Cities whereof Hinghoa is the chief the other call'd Sienlieu is but small but the Countrey abounds with Villages and Hamlets All the Ways being sixty Stadia's long and a Rod in breadth are Pav'd with square Free-stone The City Hinghoa is very neatly built and adorn'd with many triumphal Arches and full of Colledges for the training up of Youth in Literature and encouragement of Learning At the Foot of the Mount Hocung South-Eastwards from Hinghoa lies a Village in splendor and bigness of Buildings like a great City but hath neither Walls nor any Priviledges belonging to it yet many rich Merchants reside there which Traffick through all China On the Shore of the Lake Ching lying at the Foot of the Mount Chiniven Northward from Hinghoa stands a great Palace with ten Gardens belonging to it in which before either Rain or tempestuous Weather happens as the Chineses say is a ringing noise heard like the sound of a Bell. The eighth County being Xaounfu borders Easterly at Kienningfu in the South at Ienpingfeu and Tingcheufeu in the West North-West and North at the Territory Kiangsia This Division reckons four Cities the chief of which is Xaouw the rest Quangce Taining and Kienning The City Xaouw the most Northern of this Territory was antiently a mean Place under the Princes of Mins Jurisdiction and was first fortifi'd with Walls and the Title of City given it by the Family call'd Tang yet hath ever preserv'd its Name of Xaouw It lies Westerly of the River Cu and is cut through by the River Ciao which poures its Streams into the Cu and from thence by several small Channels waters the City Because this County is a firm and profitable Soyl and on the Borders of Countreys whose Passage is troublesom it is fortifi'd with several Castles Garison'd with Soldiers The small Tract of Land belonging to the City Foning a Mountainous Countrey and the most Eastern of this Territory borders in the East and South-East at the Sea in the South and South-West at Fochenfu in the West at Kiennunfu in the North at the Territory of Chekiang It contains three Towns Foning Fogang and Mingte The Ways through the Mountains are very
accept of it they might keep it and return it in Peking Whereupon it was deliver'd to the Comptroller Ruwenoort to keep till they came thither The City Ienping or Ienpingfoe the next to the prime City or Metropolis of the Province of Fokien lies at the going up of the Stream on the right Hand or on the Westerly Shore of the River Min from whence it maketh a handsom Prospect on the side of a Hill the Edifices rising gently by degrees This Mountain is for the most part inaccessible making the City rather a Fortress and to be esteem'd as the Key of the whole Province The City is a League long but not above a Mile and a half broad full of fair and large Buildings Every House is furnish'd with Water convey'd from the Mountains in Cane Pipes the like not elsewhere to be seen in China All Provisions are to be had there in great abundance and at a cheap Rate the Streets and Houses also throng'd with Inhabitants On the East side of the City two great Rivers the Min and Zi uniting their Waters make a great Lake through which Ships come thither from all parts of the adjacent Countrey Each of these Rivers hath a fair Bridge and in the City are three beautiful Temples Most of the course China Paper is made here but the whitest and finest sort in a Village call'd Siege three Leagues beyond more Westerly which is all that is there of remark onely this City boasts that her Inhabitants speak the most elegant Phrase of all the Chineses and therefore it is call'd the Mandarins or Court Language That Night the Netherlanders lay a little from the City near the opposite Shore from whence they Row'd and set Sail the thirtieth in the Morning to Honjong a Village about a League from Ienping where all their Fleet Rendezvouz'd having had a narrow and dangerous Passage thither Hence they set Sail again about nine a Clock and in the Afternoon pass'd by Louquon Hoeyong Linkentome and Tafa the two first of which lie on the right and the two last on the left side of the River about half a League distant one from another In the Evening they anchor'd before Ongsoutow having that day gain'd three Leagues in a Northerly Course The one and thirtieth in the Morning setting Sail again they pass'd by a long Village call'd Bonsjouko about eight a Clock and at ten by the Village Liucuir Posjen and Ubaka the first and last on the right side and the second on the left In Ubaka much Paper is made which appear'd by several Vessels that lay Freighted onely with such Goods to go up the River About Noon they saw Konchian Sioeukke and Tayping the two first on the right and the third on the left side of the Stream close by one another In the Afternoon about three a Clock they came to Chiakiang where they Rode till the next day The next Morning being the first of February they set Sail again and in the Afternoon pass'd by five Villages viz. Siejokaun Itantauw Bayapo Siema and Filictauw the two first lying on the right and the two last on the left side of the River and about Noon they arriv'd at the City of Kienning or Kienningfoe where the Horses were immediately put ashore because the Barques in which they came were judg'd too big to carry them up any higher but not getting any smaller that day they were set up till the next Morning Here the Netherlanders had the Gates shut against them being not permitted to enter the City so that they were not able to get any fresh Provisions nay none were suffer'd to sell any thing to the Netherlanders without the Interpreters leave who acted as Comptrollers where-ever they came and especially Ienko as appear'd by a Soldier that belong'd to Sioubontok General of the City Ienping who having bought some Fruit for the Ambassador and bringing it to him was so soon as the Interpreters were inform'd of it taken by the Mandarins Order and ty'd Neck and Heels together and had not the Ambassador interceded for him they had sent him a Prisoner to Hoksieu where he would have been severely punish'd but the Ambassador at last prevail'd so much that he was set at liberty The second after the Vessels were prepar'd to carry the Horses they were immediately imbarqu'd again and all safely put Aboard the Tartars being highly pleas'd with them had dress'd them so neatly that they were slick as Glass In the Evening the Mandarins which were the Netherlanders Guides presented them with some boyl'd and roasted Meats Thus having gotten all things in a readiness they left the City Kienningfoe on the third the Governors thereof being so surly that they not once bid the Ambassador welcom or wish'd him a good Journey at his going from thence nor presented him with the least Provision which no way grieved them who by that means kept their Chests lock'd This Kienningfoe being the fourth and so one of the most eminent Cities in Fokien lying on the Eastern Shore of the River Min is something inferior in Beauty and Riches but not in bigness to the Metropolis Focheu and larger than Ienping but not so close built because several Corn-Fields are inclos'd within her Walls The Streets are all Pav'd with Pebble and very full of Inhabitants that drive no other Trade but making of course Paper They are Rul'd by two Governors which sway alternately the one not so much as once daring to contradict the other in his time China affords several sorts of Paper made of several Materials viz. of the Body and Leaves of Cane-tree Cotton Silk and Flaxen Clothes that which is made of Cotton is not altogether so white as our French Paper In the County of Vuchaufu belonging to the Countrey of Huquang They make also great quantities of Paper of the Canes and Leaves which grow there in great abundance In the Forenoon having left Kienningfoe they pass'd by Gaetchan Maschetany and Petchin Villages lying close together on the left side of the River the last lying about a League from Kienningfoe In the Afternoon they saw by the Village Kekau Vazoeo and Gautauw the two first on the right and the last on the left side of the River Towards Evening they came before and Landed at a ruin'd and decay'd Village call'd Chiaphong where they remain'd all Night Here they directed their Course almost North having a little of the West The next Morning being the fourth leaving Chiaphong they pass'd by Chincheuw seated on the right side of the River a League from Chiaphong and in the Afternoon by several Hamlets Houses and Pagodes that stood here and there apart from the rest along the Margents of the River In the Evening they arriv'd at a ruinous Town call'd Sjovova on the right side of the River having that day gain'd but two Leagues with great trouble The fifth in the Morning setting Sail again they left the Villages Tachoe and Pagou on their left
The second County call'd Kiahingfu every where water'd with Rivers and Lakes borders in the East upon the Sea in the South upon a part of the Ocean and part of Hangcheufu Westward at Hucheufu and in the North at Sucheufu and Sungkiangfu the Territory of Nanking and a part of the Lake call'd Tai. This Shire contains six Cities viz. Kiahing Kiaxeny Hayeni Pinghu Cungte and Tungchiang The Metropolis Kiahing was formerly a small City and subject to Sucheu but growing in Riches and Greatness in the Reign of the Taimingian Family it was made the Head City or Metropolis and chang'd its former Name Siucheu to Kiahing The City Kiahang being the most Northern of the whole Province lies as if it were Moated about with Rivulets of Water full of stately and well built Structures flourishing with variety of its own Product having in all Places Riches and Plenty All the Streets of the City are Arch'd under which they walk as in a Piatzo or Exchange free from Wind and Weather and sheltred from Sun and Rain Without the City are several Triumphal Arches erected and on the West side near the River in one peculiar Place which they Sail by with their Ships or Vessels stand sixteen of these Arches in a Square all built of Marble Athwart the River stands a Bridge of Marble with many Arches seventy Paces long and likewise a Tower thrusting forth towards the Skye nine Pinacles or Spires All the Shores without the City are wharfed with square Free-stone of which also the lesser Bridges are made that lead over them There are forty more fair Bridges leading to several parts of the City besides a great many less scarce to be numbred The third County being Hucheufu borders in the East with Kiahingfu in the South upon Hangcheufu in the West verges the Province of Nanking in the North at the Lake Tai. This was formerly a Kingdom of it self and nominated Tung which first was possess'd by King V. and afterwards by Ine then by Cu. The Family Cyn gave this County and its Head City the Name of Uching that of Tang call'd it Hucheu that is The City of the Lake because of the neighboring Lake Tai for Hu signifies a Lake and Cheu a City the Royal Line of Sung nam'd it Chaoking but the Taimingian Family restor'd the old Name Hucheu Here are five Temples the chiefest of which stands within the City Walls they were founded in honor of the five first Emperors This Division contains six Cities viz. Hucheu Changhing Tecing Hiaosung Unkang and Gankie Hucheu is not onely the chief but reckon'd one of the biggest and flourishes in Trade and Riches It is adorn'd with many beautiful and large Buildings The fourth Niencheufu is a mountainous and rough Countrey and borders Eastward on the River Chee South at Kincheufu the West on Nanking and the North on Hancheufu It was formerly call'd Suntu next by the Family of Han Lecheu and lastly by that of Sung Niencheufu It contains six Cities Niencheu Xungan Tungliu Suigan Xeuchang and Fuentui The Metropolis Niencheu stands upon a rising Ground between the Singan and Chee which two Navigable Rivers before the Walls conjoyn their Waters The fifth Kinhoafu touches North and East upon Xaohingfu and Taicheâ—…fu in the South upon Chucheâ—…fu in the West conterminates with Kincheufu and the remainder bounded by the River Chee King Loang call'd this with its Metropolis first by the Name of Kinhoa that is Venus Flower for the Chineses say that the Goddess Venus striving here with another which they call Vuniu that is a Masculine Woman and the same which the Poets call Pallas a Flower which obtaining they styl'd her Kingsing that is Golden Star and the City receiv'd the Name of Kinhoa that is Venus Flower This City Kinhoa was formerly very populous and full of well built Edifices but in the late Tartar War in which they held out a considerable time was in a manner buried in Ruines yet nevertheless it is almost re-erected and especially one Stone Bridge on the West side hath obtain'd its former lustre This County hath eight Cities Kinhoa Lanki Tungagang Yui Iungkang Vuy Pukiang and Tanki Near the small City Lanki you may see another Bridge over the Chee some few years since re-built and now much better than the former burnt by the Tartars The sixth call'd Kincheufu being the most Southern of all this Province borders in the East at Kinhoafu in the South-East at Chincheufu in the South-West upon Fokien in the West on that of Nanking and in the North at Niencheufu In the time of the Kings Reigns this Province with the two former suffer'd divers great Changes and Alterations the Family Cyn after they had taken all China call'd its Metropolis Taimo Han nam'd it Singuan and the Family Tang gave it the Name which it now hath It contains five Cities viz. Kincheu Lungyeu Changxan Kiangzan and Kaihoa The City Kincheu lies on the Eastern Shore of the River Changyo three days Journey from Fokien between steep and troublesom Mountains to pass over Paulus Venetus calls this City Kugui according to the Tartar pronunciation with whom he travell'd in an Embassy thither who in stead of Cheu say Gui both Words signifying Great City wherefore Paulus may easily have made Kugui to be Kuicheu The seventh Division or Shire Chucheufu inviron'd with several high Mountains borders in the East at Veucheufu in the South-West at Fokien in the North-West at Kuicheufu in the North upon the County Kinhaofu In the time of the Kings this Countrey was also subject to various Revolutions and strange Alterations The Family Tang gave it the Name of Hocheu the Taimingian that of Chucheu This Chucheufu contains ten Cities of which Cheucheu is the Metropolis the rest are Cingtien Ciniquun Sungyang Sunchang Lunguven Kingyven Iunko Sivenping and Kingning besides three famous Temples The City of Chincheu which is very populous lieth upon the River Tung which falls into the Sea and able to carry Ships of good burthen The eighth Tract of Land being Xaohingfu borders in the East with Ningpofu North upon the River Cientang in the West at that of Chee and opposite to Hangcheufu in the South at Kinhoafu and Taicheufu The Family Sung first gave this Countrey the present Name Xoahing but it was formerly by the Family Tang call'd Iucheu It reckons seven Cities Xaohing Siaoxan Chuki Yuyae Xangyu Xing Sinchang The City of Xoahing though not so big yet in handsom Buildings exceeds the Metropolis being seated in a pleasant Plain Moated with fresh Water very much resembling Venice the Water gliding through every Street which are all curiously Pav'd and the Walls of the Houses all built of Free-Stone which in China is very rare and scarce to be seen in any other Place in the whole Empire The Bridges also over which they pass the River and Lake are all built in the same manner being very numerous The Banks of the River
which extends it self to three days Journey are on each side wharf'd and wall'd in with Stone of the Quarre at the end of which appears a great Dam that receives and keeps the Waters which swelling to a convenient heighth Vessels that come thither are with little help floated over into another Stream This Current serves onely to bring small Vessels up to the City Ningpo for the great ones go about by Sea Near this City are also many Triumphal Arches for building of which they have ready accommodation because the Quarres that serve all China are close by their Doors The ninth Division call'd Ningpofu borders in the East with the Sea in the West with Xaochingfu South upon a River flowing between this and the County Tancheufu The Kings Iue gave this and its Metropolis the Name of Iungtung the Family of Yang Nungcheu those of Sung Kingchyven but at last by the Taimingian Ningpo that is Reconciler of Strife The Kings of Han brought this Countrey under the Territory of Huiki Ningpofu hath five Cities viz Ningpo Cuki Funghoa Finghai and Siangxan Not far from Ningpo lies a Promontory which the Portuguese formerly very much frequented who corrupted the Name to Liampo Some say that from this Point in serene Weather they can discern the Mountains of Iapan whereas the most exact Chinese Cards or Maps make the Sea much broader than to discover any such Prospect The Metropolis Ningpo situated close by the River In boasts store of handsom Buildings On whose Eastern Shore stand several Triumphal Arches and two Steeples with seven Galleries one over another The Banks of the said River are all rais'd of Free-Stone at the end the Water is also stopp'd with a Stone Dam over which they hale the Vessels into a larger Channel In the little City Cuky are two Bridges one with Stone Supporters and great Pieces of Timber three hundred Rods long another which is very high and all of Stone stands on three Arches The tenth County call'd Taicheufu being a great Tract of Land verges Eastward with the Sea Southward with Vencheufu Westward with Kinhoafâ—… Northward with Xaohingfu and Ningpofu In the time of the Kings this Countrey belong'd to V. afterwards to Iue but was at last by the Family Cyn brought under the Territory of Minching The Family Han gave it the Name of Changan Tang of Haicheu and soon after that of Taicheu which it retains to this day This Countrey comprehends six Cities viz. Taicheu Hoanguien Tientai Cienkiu Ninghai Taiping This City Taicheu is situate on a Hill lying on the East side of the River San. The eleventh call'd Veucheufu conterminates in the East at the Sea in the South with the Territory of Fokien in the West at Cucheufu in the North at Taicheufu This Countrey is for the most part very mountainous but hath in the South before you approach the Hills of Fokien a large and spacious Plain Formerly this Countrey belong'd to the Kings of Iue afterwards to those of V. King Loang gave it the Name of Iungkia and was by the House of Tang first call'd Tunkia and soon after Voucheu by Sung Xuigan and lastly by the Taimingian Veucheu This Province Veucheu possesses six Cities viz. Veucheu Xuigan Locing Ping Yang and Taixium The City of Veucheu seated on the River Iungkia because it is also like the Metropolis Hangcheu standing on a Morass Soil and adorn'd with many fair Edifices is by the Inhabitants call'd Little Hancheu The City is very populous and a Residence for many Merchants whose Ships find good and safe Harbors in the great River Iungkia the Sea ebbing and flowing up to the City Walls Near the Sea-shore in this Territory are fifteen Garisons built against the Incursions of the Iapanners and safeguard of the Sea viz. in Veucheufu Nan Ningtung Sining Huigan Tunchi Cumen Puohin Xetic in Taicheufu Sinho Cioki Ninghai in Ningpofu onely Tinghai in Kiahinfu Hiacing Kinexan and Chincam Several Isles neighbor this Countrey inhabited by Husband-men and Fisher-men of which Cheuxan is the greatest the next are Chanque Chaopao besides several other lesser Cheuxan lies directly East from the Metropolis Hancheu opposite to the River Cientang in thirty one and thirty two Degrees Northern Latitude thirteen Leagues from the Main Land and hath in length from North to South sixteen and in breadth eight Leagues When antiently the Chinese King Lui worsted by the Tartars and flying with his scatter'd Forces to this Isle from all Parts many of the Chineses flock'd thither so that ever since what was before inconsiderable hath been a populous and well planted Isle for they number in this small Isle above seventy Towns and Villages most of them verging the Sea in such Places where Inlets and Bays make convenient Harbors neither wants their King a considerable Fleet which keep his Coast safe from the Incursions and Landing of the Tartars Horse wherein they are most formidable And the Tartars as much in awe of the Islanders keep continual Guard in the Fort of Tinghay rais'd on the Main Land with a Fleet of Crusing Chineses Before the Province Taicheufu near the Garison Cioki lies an Island call'd Ychoan which is Precious Circle so call'd for its convenient Havens the whole being in a manner so surrounded with Mountains it breaks off all Winds leaving onely a Gap or Entrance for Ships to come in at The whole Province of Chekiang is every where cut through with Rivers Rivulets and murmuring Streams some brought in by Art others of their own accord Most of the Channels of those Rivers which run Southward fall in such order as if Nature on purpose had contriv'd their Course so that the Traveller may pass through the whole Territory either by Land or Water which way he will still supply'd with all conveniencies The River Che from whence this Countrey hath its Name runs from the South to the North and divides it exactly in the middle in an Eastern and Western Canton but it changeth its Name at Hangcheu and there is call'd Cientang and again where it takes its original out of the Mountains in the Province Hoeicheufu they name it Singan The eighteenth day of the eighth Moon which is our October a prodigigious Spring-tyde happens worthy of admiration for it is onely on that day and begins to flow exactly at four a Clock in the Afternoon and comes with a Head at the first appearance high and strangely mounted above the Waters and suddenly turns Topsi-turvy what ever either by neglect or carelesness lies in the Way roaring extremely in his ascent beyond the loud murmur of Cataracts or Water-breaches to which as a wonderful spectacle where they have secure places the Magistrates Strangers and a great number of People resort to see though horrid the annual Spectacle The River Ho takes its Original near Cinijuw the third substitute City to the seventh Province Chucheufu and from thence follows by the Metropolis Kuihoa
to the City Lanki where it disembogues in the Stream Che. The Rivulet Lung begins Westward of the City Seuchang from whence it flows to Chucheu where it cometh with its Waters near the River Tung and there is call'd Vonxa In the Prime County Hancheufu near the City Changhoa on the Mountain Cienking is a Lake though not very great yet famous for the Golden-colour'd Fishes taken there which the Chineses from their colour call Kinyu In the same Shire Eastward from the Metropolis lies the famous Lake Sikin between which and the City Walls is a fair Street Pav'd with Stone and almost a Mile long where they divertise themselves in stead of Walks of Pleasure The whole Lake Wall'd in comprises about five English Miles in compass and upon the adjacent Hills supply'd with various Rivulets and Fountains appear several Temples Palaces Cloysters Colledges and the like The Banks of the Lake which is the Foot of the Mountain are Pav'd on the top with Free-Stone and at h wart the Lake lie several Bridges so that they may walk over it and see the Lake in all places The foremention'd Ways are all Planted with divers shading Trees and accommodated with Benches Arbors and the like for the conveniency of such as walk there when they are weary to sit down and repose The Water in the Lake being so translucent and clear that they may see the smallest Stone in the bottom This Lake hath no Out or In-let for Vessels to pass but only a Sluce by which the Water swoln too high by assiduous Showres is discharg'd Yet nevertheless it bears many Pleasure-Boats built on purpose which may rather be call'd Golden floating Palaces being so richly Gilt and also curiously Painted in which they accustom to keep their great Feasts Revels and other delightful Pastimes These Vessels thus furnish'd Sail about the Lake without fear of Wrack or Tempest so that it is no wonder why the Chineses call this place and City A Delightful Garden or Earthly Paradise In the County of Kincheufu near the City Kaihoa is a little Lake call'd Pehiai from the white Crabs which it produceth for Pehiai signifies White Crabs In the Territory of Ningpofu near the City of Tunghoa appears Yapou a small Pool but very deep whose Water if the Chinese Writers may be believ'd has this quality that when they have a mild and prudent Governor it becomes much clearer than Christal but if a Tyrant or an Oppressor of the People dark and Cloudy In the County of Kiahingfu the Chineses catch a Bird in Harvest which they call Hoangcio that is Yellow Bird which being kill'd they steep in Wine made of Rice and is sold as a Dainty all the Year The Territory of Ningpofu hath by reason of its nearness to the Sea great plenty of Fish which they dry in the Sun without Salting They also have abundance of Oysters Crabs and Lobsters with which they supply the whole Empire of China The Shepherd Fish they catch all the year and in the beginning of the Spring another Fish call'd Hoang that is yellow which will not keep an hour out of the Water without tainting But because the Chineses account them a great Dainty and an excellent Fish they preserve them with Ice and so bring them to the Market The Countrey of Chekiang abounds with Tygers those on the Mountains near Kutien do no hurt to Humane Creatures whereas on the contrary those that frequent the Neighboring Woods are very Ravenous and Wild which taken and brought to the foremention'd Mountains become tame and innocent as the former In a Pond of about two hundred Paces in Circumference lying on Mount Sienking in the County of Hiangchefue the Chineses catch Fish of a Gold Colour wherefore they call them Kinyu for Kin signifies Gold and Yu Fish with a bright and glistering Skin but chiefly their Backs are speckled as with Gold they are never bigger than a Mans Finger and have a three forked Tail but not dangerous the Chineses account them as a great rarity preserving them in their Houses and Gardens in several Vessels made for that purpose The Grandees often take these Fishes with their own Hands which in their presence as if they knew who was their Lord and what a pleasure they did to their owners by sometimes shewing themselves often play and leap up and down above the Water One of them though so small costs commonly three or four Crowns In the eleventh County Veucheufu are a strange kind of small Oysters which are sow'd there in Marshy Grounds for taking the Oysters they first dry then stamp them small which Powder they cast up and down the Fields like Seed from whence grow other Oysters of a most delicious taste Through all the Countrey are plenty of Swine Sheep Poultry and Fowl both tame and wild In the County of Kiahing belonging to the Province Chekiang grows in standing Waters a round Fruit call'd Peu which is not much bigger than a Chestnut the Kernel lies cover'd with a grey Skin but appears very White in the middle full of Juyce and of a pleasing taste somewhat harder than an ordinary Apple and tartish If you put a piece of Copper with this in your Mouth it will so mollifie the Mettal that you may chew it with the Fruit as we do Bread with our Meat In the County of Kinhaofu grows a small Tree with a Flower which the Portuguese in India call Mogorin it is very white not unlike the Iasmyn though much fuller of Leaves and of a more pleasing scent so that a few of these Flowers perfume a whole House wherefore it is not undeservedly held in great esteem by the Chineses who in the Winter preserve the Tree in Pots fill'd with Earth In the same Countrey grows another Plant call'd Kieuyen which produces a kind of Fat of which like Tallow very good and white Candles are made not Greasing the Hands when touch'd like the ordinary Tallow Candles This Tree is of a pretty bigness and in Leaves and shape not much unlike a Pear-Tree it bears white Blossoms which when fallen off a round Cod succeeds as big as a Cherry cover'd with a blackish thin Skin under which is a white Pulp which when grown Ripe and the Skin breaks appears these being pull'd off are boyl'd in Water which melting the Body turns to Fat and when grown cold becomes hard like perfect Tallow From the remaining Kernels they Extract very good Lamp-Oyl so that this Plant supplies them both with Lamps and Candle light In the Winter the Leaves become red which looks very pleasant because many of them growing together shew like a blushing Wood. Lastly the Leaves falling off are a most excellent Food because of their fatness for Sheep and Cows which by Eating them thrive in an extraordinary manner In the County of Chucheufu near the City Kingning grow great Thickets of Canes and Rushes in the River Lupeu by
Villages In the afternoon they came to Lanqui where their Goods and Persons were again to be put aboard other Barques Soon after their arrival at this place the Governor came to welcome the Ambassador and present him with some fresh Provisions This being the first Town where the Hollanders had receiv'd so much civility from the Governors their Journey that day was three Leagues The Shipping of the Goods into other Vessels was referr'd till the fourth because of the Rainy Weather In the afternoon the Lord Ambassador entertain'd the Governor who in the mean while sent him in a Calf and a fat Weather and other Provisions besides four Vessels of their Beer This Mandarin shew'd himself very courteous to the Hollanders for which kindnesses he was presented with five Ells of fine Cloth The fifth in the Morning the adjacent Hills were all cover'd with Snow but the Weather growing fair their Goods were put aboard and all things made ready to go away the next day The sixth they left Lancqui before day This place though not large yet makes a handsome shew being well built and very populous occasion'd by the many Trading Vessels that come thither It is pleasantly seated all along the River side Hither abundance of Allom is brought from Humsie In the forenoon they pass'd by the City Sansjenne a League and a half from Lacqui On the left side as they went up the River the Shore near the Water rises very high and not inhabited but in the Valleys stand some few Houses and Villages In the Evening they came to Ponkousong where they staid all Night leaving the City Niencheufu on their left Hand a quarter of a League having that day gain'd five Leagues The next Morning two hours before day the Mandarin Guides caus'd the Drum to be beaten that all might be ready to be gone immediately which they did but the Vessel in which the Ambassador was struck upon a Sand so that the rest which were behind were ready to fall foul upon his Ship such was the force of the Current but day-light coming on they got off again and pass'd by divers Villages Temples and Hamlets and also by a Pagode in which stands the Image of a Philosopher call'd Nienchlin With the Dusk of the Evening they arriv'd at Tungh where they staid that Night having gotten seven Leagues that day by Steering several Courses The eighth in the Morning they set Sail again and in the forenoon saw on their left Hand the River Tu which glides towards the City Cinsung or Sinchung which having pass'd it divides into two Branches and at last discharges his Water into the Grand Che. This City being the seventh in order to the Metropolis Hancheu lies on the North side of the Tu pretty close built and surrounded with Plow'd Lands In the Evening they arriv'd at the City Fojang or Fujang scituate on the West side of the River Che and Northward from the Stream Fuchun which takes its Original a little Westward from the City Liengan and joyneth its Waters Southward from Fujang with those of the Che. The Ambassador having gotten five Leagues forwarder on his Journey that day lodg'd in Fujang that right The ninth in the Morning they left Fujang before day Here the River Che is about two English Miles broad yet hath but few Villages on its Banks most of them standing more up into the Countrey by reason of his overflowing in great Rains every where Manur'd and Planted with Fruit-Trees In the Evening they arriv'd at the South Suburb of Hangcheu or Hancsieuw call'd Chankeeuw half a Leagues distance from Hangcheu here all the Goods were forc'd to be Landed then carry'd to the North Suburb of Hangcheu where they were again Shipt so that they staid there the following Night The next Morning being the tenth Huilavja one of the Mandarin Guides went to acquaint the Governor of the City with the Netherlanders coming and to desire Barques for their further Voyage He returning again in the Evening told the Ambassador That the foremention'd Governor intended to invite his Excellency the next day to Dinner and that the Pinghtouw or third Person in Office would do the like the day after and give speedy Order for the preparing of the Barques The same day the Mandarin Guides for the trouble they had already had and to oblige them the more were by the Ambassador each of them presented with five Ells of Cloth Ten Ells of Red Cloth two Pieces of Perpetuanaes four Pieces of Linnen a Fowling-Piece a pair of Pistols two Sword Blades two Perspective Glasses and a String of Blood Coral But the Invitation came not that day because Huilavja said a grand Tartar was come from Peking with whom the Governor was in private consulting about State Affairs Some Mandarins coming to visit and welcome the Ambassadors were kindly entertain'd by him The same day above six hundred Horse were Ferry'd over the River Che. The twelfth in the Morning the Pinghtouw or third Person of State in Hancheu which had the Command over all the Vessels came aboard the Ambassador to bid him Welcome and also present him with a fat Weather a Porker some Poultery Rice and other fresh Provisions desiring to be excus'd for his delay in not coming to visit the Ambassador sooner being hinder'd by some grand Mandarins that were lately gone up from thence to Peking who had taken all the greatest Vessels with them yet he should be careful that the Ambassador should be well Accommodated and that he would willingly invite his Excellency to Dinner but durst not before he had been at the Governors but then he would be bold to desire him to come and be his Guest for which kind proffers he was civilly Entertain'd and having seen the Horses and Oxen he took his leave In the afternoon the Interpreter Genko came to tell the Netherlanders that the Governor of Hancheu had enquir'd of him how the Ambassador was plac'd at his Entertainment by the General in Hoksieu The next Morning being the thirteenth several Horses came to the Ambassadors Vessel to fetch Him and his Retinue to the Governor's Court whither he went in a stately Equipage taking those Presents with them which they resolv'd to give him two days before Coming to his Palace they were after a little stay brought to his Presence and the Ambassador Welcom'd by the Governor who said this Embassy would be very pleasing to the Emperor Then he ask'd where the Pepper and Sandal-Wood grew How big Holland was How far distant from China If there was any Silk in Holland and many more such Questions to which his Excellency answer'd him accordingly Then the Tables being spread they were desir'd to sit and plentifully entertain'd Thus having spent some time the Ambassador deliver'd him a Note of the foremention'd Presents and with a Complement desir'd him to accept them which having read over he excus'd himself that he could not accept the Presents
On the other side of the Channel to the West lies a Suburb neither lesser nor emptier of People than the City it self Between these lie several Bridges over which they pass out of one into another beyond the Bridges the Channel extends it self to a greater breadth and receives Water from several Places which makes so great a Navigation by that City that it cannot be express'd for all the Ships or Vessels that come from the Province of Chekiang and the other Eastern Towns to go to Peking and other Places must stop here to put up their Masts and hold out their Sails not being able hitherto to use them because of the many Bridges in that Channel for from hence to the Grand Metropolis Peking no Bridge is suffer'd excepting one to draw up This City by some justly call'd Kinkeu that is The Mouth of the Court because there are continually Freighted Vessels going from hence to Peking The seventh Division call'd Yangcheufu borders in the North at the River Hoai East at the Sea Southward upon the Stream of Kiang West on Nankingfu and the little County Chucheufu and the North and by West conterminates with Fungyangfu This contains ten Cities viz. Yâ—…ngcheu Ychin Taihing Kaoyeu Hinghoa Paoyng Tai Iucao Fung and Haimuen of which Kaoyeu and Tai are the biggest Northward over the River Kiang is a great Sluce near the Garison Quacheu where the foremention'd Channel takes its beginning along which they Row up to the City Yangcheu which lies on the East-side of it as on the West the Suburb which formerly stretch'd a German League but was ruin'd in the last Tartar War The City Yancheu is full of large and stately buildings and in many Places moistned with Graffs of fresh Water over which lead Stone Bridges consisting of twenty four Arches besides many lesser not to be reckon'd There is also a Custom-house for the Emperor's use The chief Trade which the Inhabitants follow is the dealing in Salt for in the East of this County near the Sea are many Salt-pits The eighth being Hoaiganfu Confines in the East upon the Sea in the South with the River Hoai in the South-West and West with Fungyangfu and Sucheufu and in the North with the Province of Xantung The whole Tract of Land is cut through with Rivers and Lakes It contains ten Towns Hoaigan the chief Cingho Gantung Taoyven Moyang Hai Canyu Pi Souven and Ciuning Hai and Pi are great Cities In the time of the Emperor Yu this County belong'd to that of Iancheu under the Government Ten and belong'd first to King V. afterwards to Iue then to Cu. In the time of the Family Hun the City Hoaigan was onely a small Town call'd Hoaiyu afterwards Han call'd her Linhoan but the present Name and Title the House of Sung gave her This City lying on the Eastern Shore of the digg'd Channel is divided into two Parts a Southern and a Northern yet both inclos'd in one Wall of which the South side bears the Name of Hoaigan and the North of Yeuching The one side is enlarg'd with a Suburb which extends in length along the Banks of the Channel a German Mile out of which they enter into the Yellow River In the Suburb are two Custom-houses in the one the Customs for Goods are paid and in the other for Ships according to their Burthen all which Money is kept and bestow'd upon the repairing of their Sluces in the Channel against the force of the Water for to the Northward of this City are three Water-falls yet nevertheless a great part of it goes to the Emperor's Treasury In this City the Vice-Roy being the Emperor's Purveyor hath his Residence who Commands with arbitrary Power over the seven Southern Provinces The ninth Lucheufu borders in the North at Fungyangfu in the East at Hocheufu and the River Kiang in the South at Gankingfu and in the West at the Province of Huquang and Honan It contains eight Cities Lucheu the chief the rest Xuching Lukiang Vuguei Cao Logan Iugran Hoxan most of them lying on the Shore of the famous Lake Cao Vuguei and Logan are the biggest In ancient Times this Countrey stood like the former subject to the Family Cheu under whom it became an intire Kingdom and nam'd Lucu but soon after was taken from them by the Kings Cu. In the time of the Family Han it was with its chief City call'd Lukiang but the present Name given by the Emperor Sui Near the small City Logan are two stately Temples and a large Bridge The tenth County Gankingfu borders in the North at Lucheufu in the East and South-East at the River Kiang in the West and North-West at the Province of Huquang This Countrey contains six Towns viz. Ganking Tunchiang Cienxan Taihu Sosung Vangkiang was formerly call'd Von and subdu'd by King Cu after which the Family of Tang nam'd it Sucheu that of Sung Ganking The City Ganking stands situate on the Eastern Shore of the River Ganking and for Wealth and Trade compares with the famousest Cities in this Province for all that comes out of the other County to go to Nanking comes first hither Because this Tract of Land joyns the three Provinces Kiangsi Huquang and Nanking and lies well for any Warlike Undertaking it hath a Vice-Roy who maintains a strong Garison in the Castle Haimusen for a defence of the Lake Poyang and the River Kiang The Family Tang caus'd an Iron Pillar to be erected there of three Rods high and of a proportionable thickness Anvil'd out of an intire Piece The eleventh Shire being Taipingfu is surrounded with the River Kiang or rather lies between two of her Branches and moreover verges in the East with a part of the Lake Tanyang where it borders with the County of Kiangning This County belong'd formerly to the Kingdom of V. afterwards to Iue next to Cu but was at last by the Family of Cyn reduc'd under that of Chang. The House of Han call'd it Tanyang Tang Nanyu Sung first nam'd it Pingnan and lastly Taiping which Name it retains to this day It contains three Cities viz. Taiping Vehu and Fachang of which Vehu the biggest and richest hath also a Custom-house and lies on an Island between the two Arms of the River Kiang which afterwards joyn together at the City of Nanking The twelfth being Ningquefu borders in the North at the River Kiang in the East at Quanghefu in the South at Hoecheufu and in the West at Chicheufu It is a mountainous Countrey and contains six Towns viz. Ningque the Great and Ningque the Less King Taiping Cingte Nanling The chief City Ninque lies on the Eastern Shore of the River Von Within her Walls are pleasant Hills Warrens magnificent Buildings and abundance of Chesnut and Pear-trees Neaâ—… the little City King stands a fair Chappel in the Chinese Tongue call'd Hiangsi that is A sweet smelling Hart and is Dedicated to five Maidens which when they were taken by Pyrats
the Priests to know future Events Presently after Noon the Governor of Sinkian came with a Train of great Lords to the same Temple which he was no sooner enter'd but he sent for the Ambassador desiring him he would Command his Musick with him which the Ambassador did and so repairing to the Temple the Governor Entertain'd them with Bean-Broth and the Ambassador on the other side Cordiall'd them with Preserv'd Nutmegs which the Governor and his Mandarins having never tasted of before Eat with great delight while the Musicians plaid on their several Instruments After some stay the Governor desir'd to see the Horses which the Ambassador caus'd to be brought out of the Barques which they all beheld with great admiration saying That they had never seen the like therefore they doubted not but they would be very acceptable to the Emperor after they had seen the Horses the Governor return'd again to the City and the Hollanders to their Barques On Sunday being the tenth and Easterday they set Sail with a South-East Wind from the City of Sinkiun the Ambassador with twelve Barques more went Northerly cross the River Kiang and after having Tack'd too and again about an hour they arriv'd at the North-side of the River about a quarter of a League distant from the Garrison of Quasieu or Quacheu through a great Stone Sluce in an artificial Channel running Northerly by the seventh Metropolis Xangcheu to the Lake Piexe This Trench is digg'd directly through the Countrey to make a way for Shipping out of the River Kiang which in that place sends no Branches to the North but runs direct East towards the Sea into the Yellow River It was at first in the Embassy of Peter de Goyer and Iacob de Keys by Nieuhof call'd The Royal Channel partly for her breadth and pleasantness and partly because it was built at the King's Charge They were Tow'd thorow the same in several Courses having divers Reaches and Windings in half a League At the end of which they arriv'd at a Village call'd Tongnanghong where they rested a little whilst the Ambassador walk'd ashore to see the foremention'd Sluces and going also towards a Temple was met by two Mandarins one a Sinksieuwan and according to his own saying the second Person of Quasieu and the other a Tartar and Governor of that Village who both civilly welcom'd him for which he return'd them Thanks He of Sincksieuw being ask'd by the Ambassador concerning Tayowan whether it would be deliver'd answer'd That he was well satisfi'd that this Embassy and chiefly the Presents which the Netherlanders brought would be very acceptable to the Emperor and that he doubted not of their good success in their Business and that all their Wishes were that the Netherlanders were enter'd into a League with the Tartars in the Countrey of China and that they might come there to Trade with them and then they should hope that the Foraign Traffique would again be permitted as formerly whereas because of the strict Watches at the Sea-Port Towns nothing could be done and that the Countrey People could not put off their Commodities and if you Fee the Courtiers well nothing will be deny'd at Peking As to what concern'd Tayowan it was in a mean condition because they were obstructed from Trading to any place in China and likewise all their best People were gone therefore if the Emperor would only joyn twenty Jonks to the Netherland Ships it might easily be taken That about five Moneths since a Messenger had been there from the Emperor to bring all the Chineses there present under Subjection who had also Order that if those of Tayowan did not hearken to his Proposals that then at his return he should destroy all the Sea-Port Towns which were yet in being and to give strict Orders in all places that not one Jonk should either come in or go out but if they would submit themselves to the Emperor that then all places should be left as they were Now this Messenger being return'd fruitless there was such Orders given in all the Havens that not one Vessel can either come out or in to them which was formerly winked at Not many days since another Messenger was sent to Tayowan being the same of whom Ienko the Interpreter had inform'd the Ambassador at Sucheu whose return they much long'd for The Ambassador after this Discourse invited the Mandarins with some other that came thither in the interim to this Barque where they were entertain'd with a Glass of Spanish Wine which having drank they departed This Mandarin of Sincksieuw sent the Ambassador as a Present one Porker one Sheep four Hens two Geese a Vessel of their Drink and some Herbs and the Governor of the Village some Dishes of Meat ready dress'd Afternoon the Vessels going thorow the foremention'd Sluces the Mandarin Guide Hiu Lavja came to an Anchor at the end of the Village before a Pagode and from thence Rode to make merry at the City of Quazieu wherefore the Ambassador seeing that this day would be spent idly went with the Barques wherein the Presents were Laden to the Village Palipoe and staid all Night but the Mandarin inform'd of the Netherlander's departure soon after follow'd them to the foremention'd Villages This day they gain'd about three Leagues The eleventh in the Morning they set Sail again and pass'd by several small Towns and Villages and also by a great Tower with seven jutting Galleries standing on the South-side of Tongnaphan between which and the foremention'd Tower a Channel runs up Westward into the Countrey Against Noon they came to the South Suburb of Iamcefu otherwise call'd Iancheu the third City of Note in this Territory where was also a Tower with four Galleries by which being Tow'd to the City Walls they resolv'd to change their Coelies having given those that brought them thither leave to go home notwithstanding it was late before they got new Men yet they went away and pass'd through a Bridge with six Arches opposite to a Custom-House and so Eastward having that day been Tow'd up the River two Leagues and a half In the Morning being the twelfth they proceeded on their Journey about Day-break from Yancheu against the Stream by and through Wantoe a Village separated by a Channel that runs up into the Countrey of Wayopoe or Stone Bakers from the abundance of Kilns that are there the West part of it being under Water represented a great Pool or Lake At Noon they pass'd by Sjopouzink a Village that a far off seems a City and also three Sluces thorow which the Water runs out of this Channel into the Manur'd Grounds Towards the Evening coming to a small Village of seven or eight Houses call'd Louting where was a Cloyster of their Votaresses or Nuns they dropp'd Anchor having gain'd five Leagues on several Courses The thirteenth in the Morning leaving the Village Louting they pass'd by many Cottages standing on the East-side of this Channel to the
thence to Peking When they come to this City they are all search'd and measur'd by the Vice Roy's Order who afterwards sends them to the Court. In this Suburb are also two Custom-houses one for Merchandises and the other for Ships but not for the Emperor's use The Money which is hereby rais'd is bestow'd on the repairing of Sluces Graffs and Banks near several Water-falls yet notwithstanding a great part thereof goes to the Emperor's Exchequer On the North side of the City in this Channel are three Water-falls of which the first and nearest to the River Hoai is the most troublesom because out of this River the Water comes with great force which is stopp'd by nine great Banks that it may not overflow the whole Countrey Not far from Haoigan the Netherlanders pass'd by Pantja and several other Villages and also by a great number of the Emperor's Jonks laden with Tributary Goods In the Evening they arriv'd at Zinkhiunzoe where they were to pass by a Sluce having by Noon been Tow'd almost three Leagues The twenty fifth about Noon leaving Namemio they cross'd the Yellow River which runs South-East and North-West by the foremention'd Village to the Western Shore on which the Coelies were Landed opposite to the Village Singho and then tow'd them North-North-West up the Yellow River till they came to the Village before-mention'd where they stay'd for fresh Men. Mean while a Siampan or Boat came aboard with a Priest and two Persons calling themselves Magicians or Cunning-men one of them having a Bodkin stuck through his Cheek and continually shaked their Bodies as if they had been possess'd which they made the poor People believe also telling the Men in the Ambassadors Vessel That they should have a fair Wind the next day and a successful Voyage whereupon the Master who stood quaking before them gave them some Silver which was all they desired and also some Gold and Silver Paper which he entreated them to offer to their Deity Van Hoorn also to be rid of them gave them some Money There are many of these sort of People in China which by strange Gestures and scourging of themselves after a peculiar manner so get Alms from the Charity of the People Some lay red-hot Cinders on their bald Heads where they let them burn so long till the stench of the Broyling offends the Spectators whilst they by crying wringing of their Hands and the like enduring so great Torment move all that are present to a charitable Benevolence There accustom also in the chiefest Cities and Places of greatest Commerce especially at Annual Fairs whole Companies of blind Beggars which at the uttering of some Words which they mutter strike themselves so violently with a sharp and cutting Stone on their Breasts that sometimes the Blood trickles down their Bellies Others knock their Foreheads one against another with such violence that they seem to crack one anothers Skulls which they continue till fainting they fall in a Swoon unless prevented by a considerable Alms. Some again lying along on the Ground beat their Heads against the Stones till they have great Swellings as big as Eggs upon their Foreheads Besides these there are many other Idle People in China who by several Cheats maintain themselves by the Gifts of Charitable Persons The Beggars amongst others go up and down in Companies as our Gipseys who for their debauch'd living are accounted as the most infamous of the Nation Most of them are deform'd either born so or else made so wilfully by their Parents in their Infancy with incredible Torture for there are some with wry Necks or Mouths crook Backs long hooked Noses or squint Eyes and lame Arms or Legs There are likewise many Mountebanks who use several wild Beasts especially Tygers made tame by Degrees on which to the admiration of the Beholders they sit and ride through many Cities and Villages which walk along the Streets very softly with a Branch in its Mouth which holding wide open is very fearful to look upon besides his Tail which he swings to and fro yet hurts none The Rider who knows without either Bit or Bridle to govern the Tyger onely by moving his Body and Feet hath a wide Coat over his under Clothes with Sleeves so large that they hang down half way to the Calfs of his Legs Over his right Shoulder comes a Girdle which is made fast under his left Arm in manner like a Scarf In his left Hand he grasps a Sword with which he cuts the Air and now waves it over his Head and then side-ways crying and extolling like our Stage-Doctors his Balsoms Unguents and Plaisters good against all Wounds and Distempers whatsoever This Mountebank is generally accompanied with many deform'd People some following him on Crutches others with Rattles most of them go naked others again wear wide Coats full of Patches of divers Colours and Stuffs others which is strange to behold have stiff Wings on their Temples on each side of their Heads IT was late in the Afternoon before fresh Toers came from the Village Singo nevertheless the Netherlanders going forward pass'd by Sinkiazuan and about Night arriv'd at another small Village containing about ten or twelve Houses call'd Ioupou where they dropp'd Anchor having that day been tow'd but two Leagues and a half The twenty sixth they went by break of day from Ioupou and came having pass'd Conghiveao Tsantzan and Govetchia the two first on the East and the last on the West side of a River about a Cannon-shot Southward from the City Taujenjeen where they were forc'd to stay for fresh Coelies having that day gain'd three Leagues and a quarter according to the Course of the Yellow River Taujenjeen otherwise call'd Taoyven scituate on the Western Shore of the Yellow River is surrounded with broad and strong Mud or Earthen Walls fortifi'd above with Stone Breast-works The twenty seventh they proceeded on their Journey with fresh Toers and leaving the City Taujenjeen went on Easterly and at Noon pass'd by Suytsien lying on the East side of the Yellow River and also by divers Rusticks Houses which stood on each side thereof At Noon they came to a nameless Hamlet of seven or eight Houses on the West side of the Stream where they stay'd all Night because the Mandarins it beginning to blow somewhat hard durst not venture further This day they were got about three Leagues onwards of their Journey The next Morning being the twenty eighth they reach'd the Villages Goesjan Pojancho and Gousuntu the one on the East and two last on the Western Shore of the Stream In the Afternoon they arriv'd at Tsinsing where they lay still expecting fresh Coelies being got three Leagues and a half that day on several Courses Somewhat Easterly from Tsinsing appears a fair Castle within a Wall which towards the North takes in a Mount The twenty ninth in the Morning weighing from Tsinsing they came having sail'd a League Westerly to Kousango a
the South Suburb Tzinningfoe or Cinning and Anchor'd before a Flood-gate through which they were to pass This day they had gain'd eight Leagues Here according to the Mandarin Guides Saying the Hoaigan Barques which were in the Fleet must be chang'd and therefore they must stay till the Governor of the City had provided others for them Here the Ambassador to oblige Hiulavja one of his Guides that he might make haste gave him a String of Blood-Coral The eighth in the Morning the Governor of the Militia of that Place being a Tartar came to Complement the Ambassador for which Civility he was entertain'd with a Glass of Wine and at his going away saw the Horses and Oxen which he much admir'd In the Afternoon the Mandarin Guide Hiulavja came with the two Vessels to shift and take in the Horses and Oxen but the Netherlanders searching them found them to be very old and crasie and therefore sent them back again The ninth in the Morning a Grand Mandarin a Native Chinese came with Hiulavja to visit the Ambassador who kindly entertain'd them amongst other Questions the Ambassador ask'd them when they should go forward on their Journey whereupon Hiulavja answer'd That the City had not yet provided Toers Rice Money and other Necessaries which should be gotten with all expedition that they might have the least hindrance possible But the Ambassador suspecting it to be onely delays judg'd it convenient to send the following Letter to the Conbon or Governor of that Place to this effect THe Ambassador is arriv'd here from a remote Ploce with the Chinkon and therefore hopes that his Lordship will forward the Iourney for they have been a long time on the Way and the Presents are subject to receive hurt and damage therefore the Ambassador desires Talavja that he would please to give order that there may be good Barques prepar'd for the Horses and Oxen and that the Ambassador may be dispatch'd to go with all speed to Peking This Letter being carry'd to the Conbon by the Secretary Vander Does and read over he reply'd That it was never known nor customary either going to or coming from Peking to change Vessels in that Place To which the Secretary rnswer'd That he hop'd he would excuse the Ambassador because he knew not the Custom as being a Stranger he had made this Request on the advice of his Mandarin Guides who made him believe that the Hoaigan Barges must be chang'd here The Conbon after this Discourse said That all the Emperor's Goods should remain in the same Barques in which they came thither and that he would give order that the Barques should be furnish'd with all Necessaries that the Hollanders might depart when they pleas'd He also in the Secretary's presence sent a Mandarin to the Touwatja or Master of the Vessels with Commands that he should immediately furnish the Barques with all manner of Necessaries and by no means detain the Hollanders The tenth in the Morning a Mandarin sent from the Conbon of that Place came to present the Ambassador with two Hogs two Sheep two Ducks six Hens two Pots of Chamzoe or Zamzou that is Liquor of Rice and some other fresh Provisions which were all kindly accepted of and the Bearers rewarded with three Tail of Silver About Noon they pass'd through the Water-gates before which they had lay'n with all their Vessels and lay still before another Sluce till the eleventh in the Evening then setting forward again they arriv'd at Cinning or Tzinning or Cuningsiu the fourteenth City of note under Yengcheâ—… This is a pleasant though an ancient City lying on the East Shore of the Channel Iun in a plain and Morassy Soil The Suburbs thereto belonging which spread themselves on each side of the Channel are very large and populous and hath on each side of the Trench two strong Water-gates In the dark they Sail'd by the Villages Oeling Siliphoe and Ghansu and in the Afternoon dropp'd Anchor at the Village Poetuen a League and three quarters from the City Tzinning The twelfth in the Morning weighing again they shot three Water-gates and also pass'd by and through two Villages Longhwanghmuao and Nangwangao lying close by one another near the Place where the River Onghoo runs into this Channel so that the Current which had hitherto in this Graff been against them was now somewhat with them by which means they reach'd the Village Poelcely that Evening and not long after arriv'd at Koygoeva where they Anchor'd before two Sluces having that day gain'd about four Leagues The thirteenth they pass'd the Sluces and so leaving Koygoeva they Sail'd through three Flood-gates and by the Villages Inlako Tsinti Kingkiacouw and Oesienno coming beyond the last the Wind began to blow very hard out of the North so that they were forc'd to Anchor near the Shore to expect fairer Weather having this day Sail'd four Leagues The fourteenth being calmer they weighed again and Sail'd about three quarters of a League when they came before a Flood-gate in the Village Oesienno where they lay till the Evening because the Mandarins said there was not Water enough to float the Vessels Towards Evening they weighed again and in the Dusk pass'd by Siliphoe Ulchelapoe and Oeliphoe and in the Afternoon arriving at Toukjamtuao they dropp'd Anchor before a Water-gate two Leagues and a quarter from Oesienno The fifteenth in the Morning about nine a Clock they pass'd the Sluces and leaving the Village Tunkjamtuao they came about Noon to Xantsuy a City where they stay'd a little while for fresh Coelies which when come to them they immediately went on The City of Xantsuy lies on each side of the Channel Iun which on the West side at the going up of the Trench and fortifi'd with strong Castles built square and about an hours walking in circumference the Walls of Stone strengthned with Stone Breast-works there are also many stately Buildings which for want of Inhabitants are faln to decay Amongst other Edifices appears a famous Pagode or Temple Teywan Miao inclos'd within a Wall rais'd half with Free-Stone and the other half with red and green Bricks The Temple it self consists all of Free-Stone the Roof on the in-side is of a Vermilion colour and on the top cover'd with yellow glaz'd Tyles without the Walls is a standing Water where according to the Relation of the Chineses some years since a stately Temple suddenly sunk with the whole Congregation Priests and People Towards the Evening they came to Kimonsa and dropp'd Anchor before a Water-gate having that day gain'd three Leagues and a half The sixteenth in the Morning they shot the Sluces with all their Vessels before which they had lay'n that Night and came to another about a Musquet Shot thence through which they could not get till the Afternoon because of the shallow Water From thence they arriv'd before another in the Village Oasting which they went through in the Evening and in the Dusk arriv'd at Tsaotsing
before a Flood-gate having that day been Tow'd but three quarters of a League it was very difficult too for the great Vessels to get through these Sluces which were in a manner quite dry on the North side and on the South side not above three Foot and a half of Water which being let out there would not remain a Foot and a quarter when as the great Barges drew two Foot and a half so that the Water must at least be a Foot higher before they could get through wherefore they lay still two days viz. the seventeenth and eighteenth but on the nineteenth they got through and after a little Sailing coming to the Village Gihaatsysy they dropp'd Anchor before a Water gate having this half day been Tow'd somewhat more than a League The twentieth in the Morning they went through the Sluce and at Noon another and also by the Village Zoatiajeen In the Afternoon arriving at Lieghayway they Anchor'd before a Water-gate having gain'd two Leagues this day The one and twentieth in the Morning having shot the last Sluce they arriv'd about nine a Clock at the South Suburb of Tungjanfoe otherwise call'd Tungchang the third City of eminency in the Province of Xantung This little City of Tungchang stands in a Valley built square and about an hours walking in circumference with defensive Walls In it are two eminent Streets which run cross through the Town in the middle of which stands a Triumphal Arch or a high Structure with four Vaulted Posterns and as many Roofs one above another The Gates are very strong and have on each side four Bulwarks which they can when Storm'd clear and make good On the North side is a Bridge of a hundred and thirty Paces long leading cross a Water that incircles the City On the South is a very populous Suburb of great Trade On the East stands an Iron Pillar four Fathom and a half thick and about twenty Foot high Engraven at the bottom with several Chinese Characters which according to their Relation was set up there seven hundred years before as a Monument under which lay the Body of an Heroe famous for his valorous Atchievements and good Service done his Countrey The two and twentieth in the Morning they left the South Suburb of Tunghang having gotten fresh Toers for which they stay'd and Sailing a Musquet Shot Eastward by the City came about Noon to Sinsia where they Anchor'd before a Sluce having Sail'd above a League this half day Here they were forc'd to lie all the Afternoon and the next day before they could get through for want of Water The twenty fourth in the Morning they shot the fore-mention'd Sluces and about Noon another and also pass'd by Xoesu Liancotsue Liancotza In the Afternoon they came to Toetsao where they Anchor'd before a Water-gate having been Tow'd above a League that day The twenty fifth setting forth again they pass'd another Sluce and about Noon they came to Woersjavaan where taking fresh Toers they went away immediately with hopes to reach the City of Linsing that day but being past Ooetsjaven Taykiasa and Tayhiaven they saw that the Channel lay full of the Emperor's Vessels laden with Tributary Goods which by reason of its narrowness and sholeness in some places they could not pass by which forc'd them though but half a League from Linsing to stay till the Water grew higher having that day gain'd three Leagues The twenty sixth in the Morning they went forward again and about nine a Clock they arriv'd at Linsing into which they went with their Barges for the Channel runs through the middle of it till they came before a Flood-gate through which they were to pass having this Morning been Tow'd half a League in a Northerly Course All Places hereabouts lay full of the Emperors Barges The Governor of this Place as the Mandarin Guides related was depos'd and a new one expected in two or three days from Tungchianfoe for which reason they could not pass the Sluce before which they lay it being lock'd up with Iron Chains The twenty seventh and twenty eighth nothing hapned of remark The twenty ninth being Whitsunday the Ambassador was told that the Governor of Tungchanfoe was come and had taken possession of his Place so that he thought fit the thirtieth in the Morning for the hastening of his Journey to write the following Letter to him THe Holland Ambassador is come from remote Countries and hath staid here at Linsing above four days The Chinkon hath been a long time a coming and by that means subject to be spoil'd therefore the Ambassador desires that they may with all speed go to Peking and to that purpose the Sluces may be open'd which will be serviceable to the Emperor and a great kindness to the Ambassador Nobel carrying this Letter related at his return that he had been with the new Governor who in answer to the Ambassador's Letter had told him That he was sensible how far a Journey the Netherlanders were come and that he knew having two years since been at Emuy and Quemuy what service they had done for the Emperor therefore he would not detain them but send a Mandarin to search the Barges because there being a Custom-house no Goods but the Emperors were to pass through without paying in which the Emperors Goods were to see if any other private Commodities were in them or not which should no sooner be done but he would give them leave to be gone and accordingly a Mandarin was forthwith sent who at first was very earnest about searching of the Goods But when the Ambassador answer'd him that he might do it and begin at his Vessel but he would permit no Chests nor Cases to be open'd he went away without looking upon them being first presented by the Ambassador with two Pieces of Linnen which was all he aim'd at The next Morning about Day-break passing the Sluce with all the Vessels they went through the City of Linsing till they came to the River Guei or Geu which comes from the South to another part of the City Thus they left the Channel Iun in which they had past through forty seven Sluces or Flood-Gates not without great trouble and Expence of two and thirty days time yet according to the Chineses saying they were gotten happily and speedily out of it because some years since there was so little Water in that Channel that the ordinary Vessels had been forty five and fifty days coming from Tunchiangfoe and Linching which places are not above six Leagues distant one from another In the Afternoon they got beyond Linsing which exceeds all other Cities in this County for Populousness fair Buildings though on the West side it is much decay'd and Traffique nay it need not give place to any City in the whole Empire for it stands at the end of the Channel Iun where the foremention'd Channel and the River Guei commix their Waters by which means there is extraordinary Conveniencies
thereto belonging call'd Longwangmiao where the River unites with this Channel so that they had the Tyde with them by which means they reach'd Sinning that Night having past through three Sluces when they Anchor'd before the fourth and last in the Western Suburb of the City Sinning expecting when it should be open'd that they might get through that also which being not before the Afternoon they went only a Canon shot from thence and lay still for that Night In the Morning the Toya of the City coming to Visit and Welcome the Ambassador Presented him with some fresh Provisions which he accepting sent Putmans after him with five Ells of Stammel in Requital of his Favor The fourth in the Morning leaving Sinning and having a fair Gale of Wind they got to a Village call'd Naogang that afternoon where they waited for fresh Toers having that day shot seven Sluces or Flood-Gates The fifth setting Sail again they arriv'd in the Evening at Iaxinho passing through seven Water-gates that day The next day they lay still wanting Toers The seventh in the Morning leaving Iaxinho they Anchor'd towards Evening at the Village Miliancho where the Province of Xantung is separated from that of Nanking The eighth they enter'd the Province of Nanking and lay the next Night before Kiakia which leaving on the ninth they arriv'd that Morning with a fair Wind at Maulovao three Leagues and three quarters from Kiakia where they chang'd their Toers which came not till the Evening because they were fetch'd from Singsing a League and a half distant from thence The tenth in the Afternoon setting Sail again they arriv'd in the Evening before the Mouth of the Lake Usantjouw into which the Yellow River disembogues The Bank in this place being broken they had made a Dam in the River Geu which takes its Original in a Village a League and a half from thence here the Ambassador dropt Anchor to stay for some of his Barques to come up with him which were a good way behind Towards Night they arriv'd at a little Village opposite to the City Taujenjeen which leaving again in the Morning they reach'd the Village Namemiao at Noon and withal got out of the Yellow River which has so swift a Current as creates much danger The thirteenth putting forward again they came to the great Village Sinkianpoe at Noon where the Conbon of Hoksieu according to the Information of the Guide Mandarins arriv'd the same day being on his own Request rid of his Office to come thither The Ambassador writing a Complemental Letter to him he sent to invite his Excellency to come to him Whereupon he immediately going thither was kindly receiv'd and entertain'd by his Highness who told the Ambassador that it was a great Honor that the Netherlanders had been with and seen the Emperor and that he had left some Presents in his Factors hands in Hoksieu for to be deliver'd to the Ambassador for the Lord General and himself which the Ambassador would find there at his coming The Conbon also commended himself for the good inclination which he had bore to the Hollanders in the time of his Governorship To which the Ambassador answer'd That he was very sensible of it and that they should ever be oblig'd to his Highness for it Lastly The Conbon said that he was desirous to make one small Present more to the Ambassador being only four Hogs some Geese and other Poultrey which he desir'd his Excellency would be pleas'd to accept whereon the Ambassador promis'd he would provided his Highness would again receive the like Present from him Which last the Interpreters durst not tell the Conbon because several other Lords stood about him so that there was no mention made of it So after a handsom Entertainment the Ambassador took his leave The fourteenth in the Morning the Ambassador in Requital of his Friendly Reception the day before sent a Letter to the Conbon and judg'd it convenient since he might do much by his Recommendation in Peking to the benefit of the Company to present him with ten Ells of Stammel ten of black Cloth ten of Blue one Piece of Saye one of Crown-Serge four Pieces of Linnen two of Guinny Linnen one fine Carpet one String of Blood Coral and two pair of Spectacles and the Ambassador to oblige his Interpreter and that he might put his Master in mind of the Hollanders gave him five Ells of Stammel one Sword-blade and a pair of Spectacles This done leaving the great Village Sinkianpoe they past by the Conbon's Barques which consisted of fifty six great and small In the Afternoon they came to the North-Suburb of Haoigan where they lay still before a Bridge till the Townsmen had furnish'd them with Provisions The sixteenth against Noon the Ambassador was presented with some Pieces of Stuffs by the Toya of that place who was Brother to the new General at Hoksieu which the Ambassador judg'd not convenient to accept but sent them back again and with them five Ells of Stammel partly because he might assist the Hollanders and do much for them by writing a Letter in their behalf to his Brother and secondly that they might be speedily dispatch'd from thence which prevail'd so much that the Netherlanders left the City Haòigan in the afternoon and arriv'd in the Evening at Paoing The next Morning going from thence again at Noon they met with a Factor belonging to the General call'd Tziang Povi Thesia who according to his Relation came from Hoksieu the fifth of August and was going for Peking who inform'd the Ambassador that three Ships were arriv'd from Batavia at Sothia and that four more were gone to Tamfui and Quelang Moreover that all things were well with the Hollanders in Hoksieu only none might go to the new arriv'd Ships nor any come ashore out of them neither was any Provision permitted to be sent to them The Vice-Roy Singlamong and General were coming to Peking being sent for because they let the Netherlands Ships go away and that the new General which was to Depose his Master met him near Lancquy The Ambassador asking him if he had brought any Letters from Harthouwer he answer'd No but that fourteen days before he came from thence two Letters were writ to the Ambassador by Harthouwer and sent with that which the General dispatch'd to Peking about the arrival of the foremention'd Ships After his departure the Netherlanders putting forward they arriv'd in the Evening at the City of Kayoven where they staid all Night The next Morning being the eighteenth they left the City and with Sailing and Toing reach'd the City of Ianchefoe about Noon where they lay before a Custom-house The following day the Ambassador judg'd it convenient to procure a speedy dispatch by Presenting the Toya of that place with five Ells of Stammel one Piece of Perpetuana two Adathys and a Book Looking-glass with these he sent a Complementing Letter by Putmans yet he accepted of nothing but the two Adathys
Lastly the Bier on which the Corps lieth is brought in great State under an Arch'd Canopy made very artificially of Wood and hung with Flannel which is carry'd by forty and sometimes by fifty Men. Behind the Bier follow the Sons on Foot every one leaning on a Crutch as if fainting with sorrow Next follow the Women Kindred in Sedans hung with white Curtains so that none can see them The other Women which are not so nearly Ally'd to the Deceased are also carry'd in Mourning Sedans All their Curch-Yards and Tombs are near the City If it happen that the Sons at their Parents Deaths are from home then the Funeral is deferr'd till their Return Also when a Son is inform'd of his Father's Death he prepares if he be a Man of an Estate a great Feast to which he invites and makes mournful Complaints to all his Friends then returning home with the first opportunity he renews the same Ceremonies again in order as before nay a Son is oblig'd by the Law though he enjoy the greatest Office in the Empire or be one of the prime Council in Peking or of the Colaos who is the next Person of the Emperor yet he must come home and spend three years in Mourning before he is permitted to go again to his former Employment But this is onely to be understood for their Parents and not for any other Relations Onely Generals and Magistrates are free from this Law at the Death of their Parents If any one die out of his native Countrey then he who is left to take care of the Corps uses all endeavors without sparing either Cost or Charges to carry it home that there he may be Interr'd in the Grave of his Ancestors for every Family hath a peculiar Burying place on some Hill in the Suburb of the City The Sepulchres are large built of Marble and adorn'd with several Shapes of Men and Beasts They also erect great and stately Tomb-stones on which are Engraven in a noble Style the famous Acts of their Predecessors In this manner hath Trigaut describ'd their Mourning but we will also annex what Alvares Semedo Adrianus de las Cortes and Adam Scall have written concerning the same In many things concerning the Life of Man the Chineses agree with the European Philosophers but differ much about the Concerns of the Dead The Europeans make little ado about their Funerals whereas the Chineses esteem nothing more and are very careful in their Life-time to give Order to their Children for them who shew all obedience and dutifulness in performing the same after their Deaths It is a general Custom in China not to bury the Dead naked though a Child of two years old but put it into a Coffin according to every ones Capacity in which the richer sort notwithstanding the Chineses are of a covetous disposition strive to exceed one another endeavoring to get the best and sweetest Wood that grows Those that have no Children spare not to give a thousand Crowns for the Wood of a Coffin though it be nothing near so much worth which being made and beautifi'd with Ornamentals of Gold Silver Painting Imagery and the like is brought home and oftentimes set in their Chambers to delight them by looking upon it On the contrary those which being stricken in years have no Coffins are always sad and melancholy This Custom they generally observe through the whole Empire and as they receiv'd their Religion from the Indians they have likewise borrow'd many other things of them imitating them especially in three sorts of Burials viz. in the Earth in the Water and in the Fire for the Iapanners will some throw themselves headlong from the tops of Mountains others tying Stones about their Necks leap into Rivers and do many other things to shorten their Lives But the Chineses have not such stout Hearts to bury themselves alive but poor People who have not wherewith to purchase a Coffin burn the Corps and bury the Ashes In the Province of Suchuen the Dead are burn'd and the Ashes gather'd and put into Vessels and so thrown into the Rivers or Brooks Their Coffins are made of hard black Planks the Seams cover'd with Iews-Glue or Gum by the Portuguese call'd Charan or Giaro and by the Chineses Cie and Cia Every one hath his peculiar Place or Tomb without the Wall of the City for they are not permitted within Some build handsom Houses there walling them round and planting Cypress and other Trees according to the nature of the Soyl. These Places are valu'd according to the opinion which they have of the Ground for if a Conjurer hath judg'd it to be lucky to Build on they exceedingly enhanse the value thereof nor do they ever buy any Land without the advice of those People At their Burials they observe one Order to put the chief Corps of the Family at the upper end and set the other side by side according to their Degrees Their Graves are neatly hewn out of Stone and on the top adorn'd with Shapes of Beasts as Harts Elephants and Lyons with Encomiastick Inscriptions Persons of Quality especially those that are single bestow more Cost building stately Palaces and Rooms under Ground like Cells which are made very convenient to lay the Corps in Here all the Relations meet at the time of their Deaths to do their Offerings and other Ceremonies For the Poor which have not Money to buy a peculiar Burying-place there is a common Church-Yard in every City wherein they lie buried all together They chiefly desire to be buried in their Predecessors Graves though never so far from the Place where they die as it often happens to Governors of remote Provinces of the Empire and thither their Friends to do them the last honor convey them The first Ceremony observ'd at any ones Departure is that the Sick when dying is carry'd on a Mat to give up the Ghost in a Hall Yet Persons of Quality are not remov'd but die on their Beds When a Father dies then the eldest Son plucks off his Cap from his Head and comes with his Hair dishevel'd to the Bed and tearing the Curtains and Sheets in Pieces lays them on the Corps then the Body if a Male by Men if a Female by Women is according to their Custom wash'd which done they lay it in a Cotton Cloth or else in Silk and put on his best Apparel next to the Corps they lay the Badges of his Office and Degrees of his Learning which he attain'd in his Life-time The Body thus Garnish'd is laid in a Coffin which stands in a Hall hung round about with black The Effigies of the Deceased drawn to the Life with his Arms and Livery are all plac'd at the Head of the Coffin and at the Feet stands a Table cover'd with a Carpet before which is a Curtain drawn for the Women to stand behind unseen The Children and Nephews sit mournfully on Straw In the first Gallery leading to the Entrance into
to every one eight Men. These Vessels are not onely long but bear a breadth and serve against the Pyrats which much molest the Rivers The Emperor keeps great numbers of these Vessels for the safeguard of Travellers and Merchants and likewise keeps great Fleets of them upon the Sea-bordering Provinces for defence of his Havens and Harbors All the Emperor's Ships and Lantayes carry in chief the Imperial Arms in their Flags being a Dragon with five Claws on each Foot When any of their Ships coming from a foraign Countrey stands in for the Shore they can immediately know from whence it comes and what her Loading never asking from whence or what their Freight for they give notice thereof in this manner The Pilot at the beating on Drums and Kettles standing on the Stern begins to make signs with the Staff in his Hands and sometimes waves it over his Head then behind his Back then up in the Air and annon down to his Feet then laying the Staff down he makes as many strange signs with his Hands and Arms as he did before which done he takes the Staff up again and begins a new whilst the Pilots of those Ships that Ride at an Anchor in the Harbors exactly observe his motions and thereby know all what they desire concerning the Vessel which strange kind of signs and tokens the Netherlanders believe are not to be done by Humane Reason but by Necromancy and Arts of the Devil Common Roads or High-Ways ALl strangers may justly wonder at the Roads and common High-ways that are so many and withal strangely and artificially contriv'd by Humane Industry for the conveniency of the Traveller especially in all the Southern Provinces the Ways are first Levell'd and Pav'd with Stones because they use not many Horses nor Wains The highest Mountains are also turn'd into good Roads by cutting and making Passages through the Cliffs on each side Hills and tops of Mountains are Levell'd and Vallies fill'd up therewith to the great ease of Travellers There are also on certain places as at every Stone lying ten Chinese Furlongs from one another Messengers or Posts which speedily convey all Letters the Emperor's and Governor's Edicts from one place to another by which means nothing that is strange or News happens but in few days it is spread through the whole Empire At every eighth Stone being a Tract of a days Journey are publick Houses or Inns for Entertainment call'd Cungyuon and Yhi which entertain all Governors Magistrates and other Imperial Officers of what Degree soever with their several Trains at the Emperor's Charge but they must by a Harbenger pre-acquaint the Hoast or Master of their coming with the quality and number of their Attendance so that when they come they find all things in a readiness not onely Provisions but also Horses Sedans Porters and Vessels if there be occasion for them for whatsoever he desires to have he gives notice thereof to the Inn-keeper by a Letter in the Chinese Tongue call'd Pai In like manner the Shores and Banks of Rivers are like the High-ways handsomly made up without any Trees or other hindrances within eight Foot from the Water that those which Tow the Vessels by Land may have a clear Passage And also the Walls of several places are rais'd from the ground with great square Stones and over-laid with Stone Bridges of divers Arches where occasion requires it so that the Chineses in this Point not onely exceed the ancient Romans but may also with all other People strive for the Palm for though the Chineses are not comparable to the Europeans in the Building of stately and strong Houses yet in the erecting of Stone Bridges of exceeding bigness and many Arches they far exceed them as may appear by the Description of several before-mention'd Rivers Streams and Channels AMongst the Rivers which moisten the Countrey of China the Kiang and Hoang or Yellow River deserve the first place partly for their long course through almost the whole Empire and partly for their greatness and abundance of Water The greatest Rivers are in the Chinese Tongue call'd Kiang but the less Ho. The Yangzu-Kiang or for its excellency by the Chineses call'd Kiang as if they would say The Son of the Sea divides all China into a North and South part The River Kiang gliding from the West to the East takes its Original out of the Mountain Min which runs in a ledge of Hills from the utmost Western Borders of the Province of Suchuen into the Kingdom of Sifan and extends Northward to the City Guei It hath several Names from the several Countreys through and by which it passes its first Name is Min from the Mountain Min its Spring and Original from whence it rushes with great force of Water by the chief City Chingtu in the Province of Suchuen and divides it self by the spreading into several Branches and Incloses great part of the County Chintingfu especially at and near the Metropolis Chingtu in such a manner with his Meandring Reaches and crooked Windings that it lieth like an Island and at the City Sincin it changes its Name into that of Takiang and passes from thence inrich'd with the Waters of other Rivulets as the Lunghoa from the East-side and Chocang Cin and Tatu from the West-side by the City Sui into the Stream of Mahu from thence going on Eastward to the City Liucheu where it is call'd Linkiang and gliding to the City Chunking receives the great River Pa with this Name then passes North through the County of Chunkingfu and Queicheufu Southward of the City Queicheu or Patung in one and thirty Degrees Northern Latitude out of the Province of Suchuen into that of Huquang and then takes again the Name of Takiang not far from the City of Queicheu To this place it tumbles with many Gulfs and great force of Water through crooked Vallies amidst dangerous Rocks and amazing Precepices which the Chineses in their Sailing with great dexterity and nimbleness know how to shun But afterwards begins to glide more gentler where on the North it falls in the Lake Tungting and passing thence this Lake and the chief City Vuchang enters the Province of Kiangsi and there receives out of the Lake Poyang by which it passes on the North great abundance of Water and the name of Iangâ—…u Kiang From thence falling into the Province of Nanking a little after makes an Isle can Sango Eastward from the City Sosing where expatiating it self two Leagues goes Northward through the whole Province of Nanking and to the West and North by the City Nanking it self In the County Taipingfu Southward from the City Nanking the Kiang divides it self into two Arms and makes the Island on which the little City Vuhu stands situate which afterwards against Nanking unite themselves again On the South-West side of the City Taiping the Kiang is press'd between two Hills belonging to the Mountain Tienmuen through which it passes like a Gate for which reason the
eighty Furlongs in compass near the City Taming the Pool Caoki and another bigger call'd Chanfung or Moma both brackish Westward from the Mountain Feukieu is a Lake that proceeded there from the sinking of a City call'd Siun In the County Iungpingfu near the City Changlei lies a Lake of thirty Furlongs call'd In it is Oval and extends almost to the Sea IN the Territory Pingyangfu at the Foot of the Mountain Xevyang is a Lake of a considerable bigness on which the ancient Emperor Xun as the Chineses write us'd to Fish Near the City Kiang begins the Lake Iu that is Brackish for all the Water thereof is as Salt as that of the Sea and stretches from thence to the Jurisdiction of the City Ganye it is in Circumference a hundred and forty Furlongs In the County Taitungfu Westward from the City Taitung lies the small Lake Kiuncu that is Honest Man because hereabouts liv'd one that would never accept Gold when offer'd it is made by the River He. On the Mountain Yenking near the City So is a deep Lake of a Furlong in Circumference In the Territory Taiyvenfu Westward from the City Che lies the Lake Tien IN the County Siganfu on the South side of the chief City is a considerable large Lake call'd Fan which is made by the uniting of two Rivers another on the North-East side not natural but cut by Command of the Emperor Hiaou serves for a place of Recreation It is moreover adorn'd with a stately Palace to which belong pleasant Woods and Flowry Meadows whereon the Emperor also to Recreate himself caus'd Plays and other Pastimes to be Presented to him The same Emperor also Commanded a Lake to be digg'd on the South-West side of the same City calling it Queming on which he oftentimes caus'd his Soldiers in Vessels to make Sea-Fights thereby to make them experienc'd therein for intending to invade the Southern Provinces which abounded with Ships he instructed them by this Jesting Exercise how to behave themselves in real Engagements On the South side the Emperor made a third Lake and near it a pleasant Court call'd Silen to solace himself in after the end of those pretended Fights He plac'd also in this Lake a great Stone Fish rais'd and fasten'd in the bottom of the Water like a Rock that the Sea men Sailing by the same might learn to shun Rocks and Shelves Against Rainy weather as the Chineses say this Fish makes a hideous noise the force whereof is imagin'd to be much advantag'd by a Neighboring Eccho Moreover the Chineses relate that this Emperor on a certain time Dreamt That this Fish being gotten with a Hook in his Presence crav'd his Aid and that he the next day really taking a Fish in the Lake remember'd his Dream and freed the Fish whereupon throwing his Net in again he found two inestimable Pearls which the Chineses call Mingyven that is Stones of a clear Moon because on the Increase and Decrease of the Moon they grow dimmer or brighter as is generally reported of the Moon-Stones Moreover there are some that affirm that such like Stones are yet in China and being kept in the Emperor's Palace are accounted unvaluable and that when the Emperor took up the foremention'd Pearls he said Certainly this is the Gift of that grateful Fish which I set at liberty WIthin the City Cinan in the County Cinanfu on the West side is the Lake Taiming out of which runs a Channel to the Lake Coyng which is also within the Walls of the said City Out of both which Lakes there run through the whole City convenient Navigable Moats This Lake Taiming also extends towards the Lake Cioxan which is on the North-side without the City Near the City Changkieu is the great Lake call'd Peyun which abounds in Fish and inricheth the adjacent Grounds with excellent Fruit Linko and Lien-Flowers In the County Yencheufu are five Lakes namely Nanuang South from the City Ven Toxan and Fauly near the City Tingtao Leangxan near the City Tungping and Lui which in the Chinese Language signifies Thunder because in the middle thereof is a Stone whose Body resembles that of a Dragon and the Head a Mans and is by the Chineses call'd The Spirit of Thunder they affirming that by striking on its Belly they hear a noise or voice There are likewise in this County many other Lakes but of less note In the County Tengcheufu near the City Laiyang is the Lake Hiyang and in Tungchanfu the Lake Ho. IN the County Kaifungfu lies Westward from the little City Hiu the small Lake Si and another near Iengling two other Lakes call'd Lieu from the abundance of Willows which grow on their Banks lie one near the City Chin and the other by Sincheu On the West side of the City stands the Lake Kiuming made by the Imperial Family Sung for a place wherein to Exercise the Naval Militia and represent Sea-Fights This Lake is exceeding pleasant being built round about with many stately Palaces and Pagods and also Marble Columns Inscrib'd with Verses extolling the Lake There are also other lesser Lakes amongst which is one call'd Tungmuen near the City Chin which is exceeding clear and without any Weeds In the County Queitefu on the South side of the City Queite is the Lake Nan over which lies a Stone-Bridge with many Arches Westward from the City Ciu is the Lake Si and in the same County a very small Lake call'd Chokin about which many Silk-Weavers have their Habitations invited thither by the goodness of the Water from which the Silk receives an excellent Gloss and thereupon the Lake takes its Name The word Chokin signifying A Washing place for Silk Damask Eastward from the City Iuching stands the Lake Menchu In the County Hoakingfu Northward from the City Ciyven is the Lake Tay which is made by the River Ki. In the Territory Iunningfu Westward from the City Iunning is the Lake Si yielding a very pleasant Prospect as being surrounded with many Buildings for the Entertainment and Recreation of the Citizens Westward from the small City Iu lieth a Lake of a hundred Furlongs in the City of Iu to the North stands the Lake Quanching ON the Mountain Tienchi near the City Mien in the County Chingtufu in the Province of Suchien there is a Lake which by Rain is not observ'd to increase nor in dry Seasons to decrease On the South-East side of the City Chingtu is a Pool call'd Yolung which the Emperor Sui caus'd to be made for the exercising his Marriners and Souldiers in Ships of War when he resolv'd to invade King Chin. Vansui is a Lake of four hundred Furlongs digg'd like a Moat round about the City Chingtu but broadest on the North side of the Earth which was digg'd out of the same the Walls of the City were made Southward from the City Cai in the County Queicheufu stands the Lake Cingyven a hundred Furlongs square
Kiechiung is a Lake or Pool call'd Changyen In the Territory Kioungfu near the City Kienchuen lies the Lake Kien which is sixty Furlongs in circumference Out of it flow three Brooks call'd Chuen which represented by these Chinese Characters 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifie Water from whence the City hath also receiv'd its denomination In the County Vutingfu on the North-West side of the City Vuting is the Lake Hoeineao which word signifies Breeding Birds because the Leaves of a certain Tree which fall into it turn into a sort of Birds so black that the Inhabitants look upon them as little Devils or Spirits In the County Cintienfu between two Mountains Westward from the City is a great Lake call'd Che otherwise The Sea Cingxui into which certain little Rivolets descend out of the Mountains In the County Iunchangfu on the East side of the City Iungchang is the Lake Chinghoa wholly cover'd with Lien-Flowers On the South side of the City Pexing lies the Lake call'd Chin which broke out from the Ruins of a great City which as they say through the wickedness of the Inhabitants was swallow'd up in the Earth with all the People onely one Child by sitting on a piece of Timber in the Water escap'd that general Destruction It s chiefest Inhabitants were said to be of the House of Chin from whence the Lake hath its denomination It is also call'd The Starry Sea from the Weeds which shap'd like Stars drive upon the Water Springs IN the County Fuencheufu in the Province of Peking near the City Hiaoy are many hot and boyling Springs almost like the sulphurous Waters in Italy If the Chineses observ'd and minded these things sufficiently they might perhaps easily discover the same if not greater Operations in them than are found in any of ours in Europe for having peculiar Tastes and Colours they may probably also have in them no less Vertue and Efficacy in Medicine Near the City Lo in the County Chungpingfu is a very pleasant Spring remarkable onely for the clearness of its Water Another like this in the Territory Kingyangfu is call'd Xingxui In the County Cinanfu in the Province of Xuntung they reckon above seventy two Springs on the South side of the City Cinan amongst which one call'd Kiuti exceeds all the other in excellency of Water In the County Yoncheufu of the same Province near the City Ningyang is the the Spring Tao of which because the word signifies Robber the famous Philosopher Confut though he was exceeding thirsty refus'd to drink so much he abhorr'd the very Name of Vice In the Territory Tencheufu in the same Province near the City Chaoyiven is a Spring call'd Hanuen a Monster of Nature out of which at the same time flows Water both cold and hot wherefore it hath that Name for Hanuen signifies Cold and Hot. THere is a delightful Spring nam'd Ping in the Province of Honan at the South side of the City of the same Name near which stands an Ascent of Stone for those that please to stand upon and behold the Fountain In the Territory Nanyangfu in the Province before-mention'd near the City Nuihan is a Spring whose Water is highly esteem'd of by the Chineses who believe it to have an Operation effectual to the prolongation of humane Life On the South-West side of the City Iu is a Fountain which for the hotness of its Water is call'd Ven that is to say Hot. In the Territory Chintufu in the Province of Suchuen near the City Nuikiang is a Spring whose Water is observ'd to ebb and flow at the same time with the Sea though very remote from thence On the West side of the City Xunking rises a Spring call'd Tieyu that is to say Milky from the sweetness of its Water NEar the City Kixui in the County Hoangcheufu in the Province of Huquang is the Spring Loyu whose Water is particularly famous for making of good Tee On the Mountain Kingmuen appears the Fountain Sinlo whose Water is esteem'd of great Vertue WEstward from the City Nankang in the Province of Kiangsi is the Spring Lien whose Water in its fall glitters like Cloth of Silver producing thirty Rivolets In the County Vucheufu in the same Province near the City Kinki is another pleasant Fountain and another call'd Puensin within the Walls of the City Xuicheu IN the County Sinkiangfu in the Province of Nanking within the City Xanghiu is a Fountain of pure Water call'd Iung in the midst of a Temple Out of the Mountain Kin lying in the River Kiang in the County Chinkiangfu issues a Fountain call'd Chungleang IN the Territory Choaking in the Province of Quantung near the City Singing on the Mountain Tienlu is a Spring or Pool from which upon the throwing of a Stone into the same a noise is heard like Thunder soon after which the Skie overcasting poureth down Rain wherefore it is call'd The Dragons Pool THe County Pinglofu in the Province of Quangsi hath two Springs one Northward from the City Pinglo call'd Caning and the other near the City Xo call'd Yoxan On the South-East side of the City Queiyang a Fountain of very sweet and clear Water falls into a Pool which is never perceived either to increase or decrease how much Water soever is drawn out of or let into it Near the City Pingtin in the County Tungginfu is a strange Spring call'd Cankeng out of which through one onely Mouth flows two several sorts of Water the one clear and bright and the other thick and muddy which after having forsaken their Spring go each a contrary way as if at enmity one against another On the East side of the City Chinning is a Fountain of exceeding cold Water notwithstanding the adjacent Earth is heated by a Fire which continually burns under Ground Near the Garrison Picie is a Fountain of very pleasant Water call'd Tro. NOrthward from the chief City Iunnan on the Mountain Xang is a cold Spring counted good to strengthen the Joynts or Limbs On the South-East side of the City Cioking in the County Ciokingfu rises a Fountain of warm Water which cures by Bath those that are troubled with Swellings proceeding from redundant Humors There is yet another Spring in this County call'd Hiangxui that is to say Sweet-smelling Water because of its fragrancy especially in Lent at which time the Inhabitants make Offerings to this Fountain and drink the Water mix'd with their Liquor made of Rice Mountains Hills and Valleys THe Empire of China is in many places flank'd with rows of Mountains to a vast length not far from which are situate some or other of their chief Cities The Chineses hold all great Mountains in such high veneration that there is nothing which they adore with a more superstitious zeal and as our Astrologers make their Prognostications from the observation of the Course of the Heavens so they from the Mountains first from their situation and shape then from the
Kircher in his Atlas Chinensis Near the City Ho towards the South lies the Mountain Lungmuen on which stood formerly a Pagod Chappel with a Library of thirty thousand Books call'd Siyali first built by a Noble-man of that name By the City Fungtu is the Mountain Pungtu accounted amongst the seventy two Mountains so highly extoll'd in the Book of Taosu Near the City Penxui is the Mountain Fonien on which are many Salt-pits In the County Queicheufu Northward from the chief City Queicheu is a Mountain nam'd Chekia on which are seen the Ruines of a Palace once the Residence of the Kings of Sufo Northward beyond the City Van lies the Mountain Tulie which reaches so high into the Clouds that no Bird can flie over it On the Mountain Si which lies Westward from the City Van is yet a pleasant Garden of the Family Sung with a Lake pleasant Groves and many Fruit-Trees On the Mountain Tunghoa lies the City Ta. Near the City Leangxan is the Mountain Kaoleang which extends a thousand Furlongs East and West The Mountain Xehiang in the same County is so call'd from its abundance of Musk. In the Territory Lungganfu Northward from the chief City Lunggan lies the Mountain Cungtung which from thence in a continu'd Ridge runs towards the Countries of Sifan or Prester Iohn's Countrey and to the Damasian Mountains Towards the South-East lies the Mountain Xemuen a Boundary between Sifan and China In the County Mahufu Westward from the City Mahu is the Mountain King which signifies A Looking-Glass so call'd from the Crystal Fountain which springs from its Foot South-East of the City Liucheu is the Mountain Pao on which the Air is of such a Nature that those that have Agues upon them going thither are immediately cur'd thereof In the little County of Yacheu near the City Mingxan lies a Mountain nam'd Mung which rises with five Spires on the highest of which is much Manna by the Chineses call'd Pinglu that is Frozen Dew By the City Pinchai is the Mountain Pecui on which if Snow melts in the Winter the Chineses have observ'd a fruitful Year will follow if not the contrary Not far from the Garrison'd-City Kienchung lies the Mountain Tiexe so call'd from its abundance of Iron Oar. The other Mountains of less note in the Province of Suchien are In the Territory Kingtufu South of the City Kingtu the Mountain Seking By the City Mien the Mountain Tienchi In the County Paoningfu East of the City Paoning the Woody Mountains Paon and Menyping In the County Xungkingfu West of the City Xungking the Mountain Co In the County Sieucheufu South from the City Sieucheu the Mountain Xeching By the City Kingfu the Mountain Hanyang South of the City Tiucum upon the River Kiang the Mountain Lingyuen About the City Riexan the far-stretching Mountain Chungpoe West of the City Han in the County Queicheufu a high and steep Mountain On the Shore of the River Kiang the Mountain Co West of the City Chuniking the Wooddy Mountain Cyuyun In the County Lungganfu the Mountain Talo In the County of Ziencheues North of the City Chungkiang the Mountain Tunquon wherein are Copper Mines Near the City Lochi the pleasant Mountain Ciepion In the County of Muichen the Mountain Gomui and part of the Mountain Min West of the City Muichen the Mountain Peping shining like a Torch in the Night North of the City Kiatung the Mountain Mienkiang Near the City Iung a high Mountain of the same name South-West of the City Liuchen the double-pointed Mountain Fiang By the City Iunking the Mountain Cunglai on which Ice is found in midst of Summer On the shore of the River Kinxa a Mountain of a hundred Furlongs By the City Ufa the Mountains Tain and Umueu Near the City Chinchiun the Mountain Utung Near the City Ly the Woody Mountain Iuliang IN the Province of Huquang in the County Vuchangfu South-East from the chief City Vuchang is the Mountain Tayuon which hath Golden colour'd Stones and Earth Southward from the little City Vuchang is a Mountain of the same denomination on which they say in the time of the Family of Cin a Man appear'd all Hairy and ten Cubits high North-East near the City Kiayu on the shore of the River Kiang a Mountain nam'd Chepie is remarkable for the overthrow which Caocao gave to Cheuyu Southward by the City Kungyang a Ridge of Hills extends two hundred Furlongs over a great Cave Southward from the City Hinque lies the Mountain Chung having on it a Lake with Water as black as Ink. Southward from the City Tungxan is the Mountain Kienyvon that is Of nine Palaces so call'd from the nine Apartments built on the same by the Sons of King Cyngan for places of Retirement to Study in In the County Hanyangfu South West of the City Hanyang lies the Mountain Kieuchin or Of nine Maids so calld from nine Sisters that liv'd and dy'd Virgins there and study'd Chymistry In the County Siangyangfu Southward from the City Kiun is a great Mountain call'd Vutang which with a great number of Spring-heads rises up to the Skie upon it are twenty four Lakes or Pools there are also many stately Temples with Cloysters the Residences of Priests Eastward from the City Ingxan is the Mountain Tungting with a great Cave of incredible depth Not far from it to the South is a Mountain nam'd Kie on which the Ruins of the ancient City Kieyang are to be seen Westward from the City Hoangmui is the Mountain Sucu Crown'd with a Chappel which is Consecrated to four Chineses who were in high Veneration for their skill in Physick and also a stately Tower with nine Galleries In the County Kincheufu Southward from the City Changyang is the Mountain Fang which is said to be of such a Nature that in Spring and Harvest not the least breath of Wind can be perceiv'd thereon but in the Summer continual Blasts blow strongly out of its Caverns as in Winter they blow into them Westward near the City Sungki begins the Mountain Kieucang which extends to the River Kiang and with a double row of continu'd Rocks incloses the same and makes the way between to be long and dangerous Southward from the City Quei lies the Mountain Cutai which is Crown'd with a Palace of the old Emperors In the County Yocheufu on the South side of the chief City Yocheu is the Mountain Pauo famous for a stately Temple and Cloyster situate between two Lakes In the Lake Tungting at the South-West part of the City Yucheu the Mountain Kiun makes an Island at the South-East end of the City the Mountain Uxe produces littles Stones which by the Physicians amongst other Medicines are given for sore Throats By the City Linsiang the great Mountain Tayang shoots up with seventy Spiry Heads and another Westward from the City Hoayang nam'd Tung that is a hundred Furlongs full of Pine-Trees There is likewise the Mountain Fangtai Eastward from
the City Pingkiang lies the Mountain Tiengo five hundred Furlongs in circumference and is in the Book of Tausu accounted the twenty fifth amongst the famousest Mountains and is likewise famous amongst the Chinese Physicians for the producing of many Physical Herbs By the City Gaukiang towards the South is the Mountain Hoang that is Yellow for the Earth and Stones about it are of a yellow colour wherefore it is call'd also Kinhoa that is Golden Flower In the County Changxafu Westward from the City Changxa lies the Mountain Iamo so call'd from the Muscovy Glass which is digg'd out of it in great abundance Westward from the City Ninghiang towards the South-West lies the biggest Mountain Taihiu which rises with three Spires the middlemost whereof hath on the top of it a great and fathomless Lake There is likewise the Mountain Xepi and upon it a Lake of forty Furlongs call'd Pexa out of which flow four Rivolets the one nam'd Lieu the rest glide towards the Stream Iuping At the same place is the Mountain Tungyang the third in order amongst the famous Mountains describ'd in the Book of Tausu By the City Xeu lies the Mountain Sucung which hath a Spring of hot Water and thirty six rising Piques besides many other large Mountains In the County Paokingfu East from the chief City Paoking the Mountain Lung riseth with four Spires which are of such an equal heighth that they seem every where to be one intire Head in the middle of them is a Lake out of which run two Rivolets the one nam'd Lien which glides to the City Siangkiang and the other the Chao In the Jurisdiction of the City Vuchang Easterly lies the Mountain Changmo which extending a great way and having very inaccessible Ways is inhabited by wild People which are not under the Dominion of the Chineses but live safe and secure amongst themselves In the County Hengcheufu Westward from the chif City Hengcheu appears the Mountain Taceu where according to the Chinese Writers Silver Mines have been open'd in former Ages By the City Hengcan begins the Mountain Heng which extends eighty Furlongs with seventy two Spiry Hillocks ten great Valleys thirty eight Springs and twenty five Brooks By the City Queiyang is the Mountain Xejen sometime call'd The Stone-Swallow because after Rain Stones are found upon it exactly resembling Swallows which Physicians by their several colours distinguish into Males and Females and use them in Physick The Mountain Hoayn pleasant to the Eye and for its fair Prospect call'd The Flower rises up in the Jurisdiction of the Cities Linuu and Lanxan By the City Taoyven towards the West lies the Mountain Lolo the forty seond in order in the Book of Tausu On the North-West side of the City Changte over a great Valley call'd Lungmuen a Bridge leads from one Hill to another under which is a Rivulet In the County Xincheufu North-West from the City Xincheu is the Mountain Tayeu the twenty sixth in order in the Books of Tansu There is also the Mountain Siaoye whereon a thousand Books were found which they say were hid there in the time when the Emperor Xi commanded all the Books in China to be burnt By the City Kiuyang is the Mountain Locung on which they say breeds a Bird that never Sings but before Rain upon it is a Lake which takes up the compass of about a thousand Acres In the County Iungcheufu Westward from the City Iungcheu is the Mountain Kiungyo observable for the abundance of brave Cypress Trees which grow on it In the Territory Chingtien near the City Kingmuen is a Mountain of the same Name which formerly serv'd for a Wall and Boundary between the Northern Provinces and the Kingdom of Cu. By the City Tangyung lies the Mountain Cucai the thirtieth in order in the Book of Tansu upon it are Trees and Stones of a red colour and a Rivulet of sweet-smelling Water In the County Chingyangfu North-West from the City Chingyang is the Mountain Tiensin which hath a plain of a hundred Furlongs on its top which is surrounded with other rising Hillocks in stead of Walls The Physicians highly esteem this Mountain for the abundance of soveraign Herbs which they have from it By the City Chinxan is the Mountain Canglo on which they say a Countrey-man for several years gathering Chesnuts against an approaching Famine which he foresaw thereby preserv'd himself and his Neighbors from perishing with Hunger Not far from thence is the Mountain Nuiqua so call'd from a Woman so Nam'd whom the Chineses adore as a Goddess for some great and publick Action done by her in her Life-time Southward from the City Tungtao begins the Mountain Fecu and serves for a Boundary between the Province of Huquang and that of Queicheu To these may be added in the Territory Hangcheufu North of the City Hoangcheu the Mountain Pui North of the City Machin the wooddy Mountain Molin near the City Ling the large spreading Mountain Vanyang in the Territory Changtefu West of the City Changte the Mountain Lo by the City Tang the high Mountain Suvang in the County Chincheufu South of the City Chincheu the Mountain Hoanycung by the City Iunghing the high and steep Mountain Pipa North of the City Songing the high and cold Mountain Kelyng South of the City Nanquei the fruitful and pleasant high Mountain Tuting and some others EAstward by the City Funghing lies the Mountain Xifung the thirty ninth in the Books of Tansu In the County Iaocheufu Eastward from the City Iaocheu is the Mountain Macie the fifty second in the Book of Tansu By the City Yukan lies the Mountain Xehung that is Stone Rain-bowe because the Water falling from the same represents a Rain-bowe In the County Quangsinfu Northward from the City Quangsin the wooddy Mountain Ling the thirty second in order in the Book of Tausu produces great variety of Flowers and Herbs and also excellent Crystal By the City Yeyang the Mountain Paofung hath on its Summitie a Stone-House built which pierceth into the Clouds Southward from the City Queili the Siang a high and broad Mountain distinguish'd by the many Meadows Woods and Villages which are upon it affords a delightful Prospect Westward lies the Mountain Lunghu the thirty second in order in the Book of Tausu it rises with two Spiry Tops which because they seem to oppress one another the uppermost of them is call'd Lung that is Dragon and the unmost Hu that is Tyger In the County Nankanfu North-West from the City Nankan the Mountain Quangliu the ninth in order in the Book of Tausu spreads it self five hundred Furlongs and is inhabited by many Orders of Religious Persons in their Way By the City Tuchang lies the Mountain Iuenxin the fifty second in order amongst the famous Mountains describ'd in the Books of Tausu and more Northerly the Hill Xepie Northward from the City Tegan is the Mountain Quenlun on which is a Stone of that bigness that a hundred Men may
on one of the Spires is a great Chappel and Cloyster Southward from the City Chicheu lies the Mountain Kieuhoa that is Nine Spires and the Flower for it consists of so many Hills and appears hanging down like a Flower In the County Hoeicheufu on the West side of the City Hoeicheu is the Mountain Hoang the greatest in the whole County it reckons twenty four Brooks thirty two high Tops and eighteen obscure Valleys In the little Territory of the City Quangte near the Towns Quangté and Kienping lie several great and pleasant Mountains the most famous of which are the Hang and Ling the first whereof lying on the West side of the City Quangte pierces the Clouds yet nevertheless hath a Spring on the top thereof which overflows continually The Mountain Ling not inferior to the others in heighth hath also a steep and craggy Ascent and at the top is fifteen Furlongs in circumference Near it at the entrance of a Passage stands the Image of a Priest who as they say was thus transform'd Besides these above mention'd there are in this Province by the City Iungchiung in the County Gunkinfu the steep and cavernous Mountain Feu South-East of the City Taiping the Mountain Tienmen within the Walls of Ning the pleasant Hill Lingyang by the City Tung in the Territory Chicheufu the Mountain Hing very rich in Fruit-Trees especially the Armenian Plum by the City Hicuning the Mountain Ki a hundred Rods high with some others which have not been thought worthy to be nam'd IN the Territory Hangcheufu in the Province of Chekiang on the South side of the City Hangcheu the Mountain Funghoang divides it self upwards into exceeding high Spiry Heads yet on each of them is a Steepled Chappel with nine Galleries On the Eastern Shore of the Lake Si near the City Hangcheu the Mountain Xeceng lifts up a Temple with a Turret and about it nine Galleries By the City Lingan begins the great and steep Mountain Tienmo extending above eight hundred Furlongs and the thirty fourth in order in the Books of Tausu it overlooks most pleasant Woods and Fields of Rice and hath growing upon it great store of rare Mushrooms which being Pickled are from thence sent through all China Tienmo signifies Eye of Heaven because this Mountain on two several Precipices hath two Lakes which the Chineses call Eyes with which it looks up to Heaven By the City Chung hoa the Mountain Cienking hath upon it a Lake which possesseth the space of two hundred Acres very remarkable for yellow Fish by the Chineses call'd Kinyu that breed therein The Tiencho a Mountain which lies South-West from the City Hangcheu is partly very craggy and partly pleasant and delightful it hath one top call'd Filaifung all of hard Rocky Stones and within full of Holes or Caves upon it also are several fair Temples and Cloysters to which they say above three thousand Priests belong most of them betaking themselves to a most solitary Life and chusing to dwell in those dark Caves out of which not being able to get without the assistance of some from without they are upon occasion drawn up by Ropes after which manner they receive Alms from those that pass by which sometimes amounts to no small value for this Place is all the year long especially in May frequented both by Strangers and Natives Tilaifung signifies To come flying which Denomination it receiv'd from an Indian Priest who so soon as he saw this Mountain said This is the Hill which we miss out of India certainly it is flown hither The County Kiahingfu is for the most part Champain having onely one Mountain or Hill nam'd Utai on the North-West side of the City Kiahing in the Lake Tiensing which affords the City a Moat upon it are five pleasant Gardens and Banquetting-houses built by Persons of Quality for Places of Recreation from whence also the Hill hath receiv'd its Denomination for Utai signifies Five Altars To the North side of the City Niencheu in the Territory Niencheufu lies the Mountain Ulum which in a manner surrounds the City it upholds two Lakes one of which though not far distant from the other hath clear and the other muddy Water The Mountain Tuichung rises out of the Valley Kieuli through which flows a little River upon it are the Chappels and Gardens of the famous Philosopher Nienculin to whom those that Travel that way pay their Visits in commemoration of so eminent a Person They say that here he made Fishing his chief Recreation when he hid himself from the Emperor because he would not accept of the prime Place in the Government which was so far urg'd upon him that the Emperor himself coming to him lay with him a whole Night in one Bed so great an esteem did the greatest of the Chinese Emperor 's set upon Learned and Pious Men. In the County Kinhoafu Northward from the City Kinhoa the Mountain Kinhoa extends it self rhree hundred and sixty Furlongs in circumference and is the thirty sixth in the Books of Tausu on which the Chineses say that the Contest was between Venus and Pallas By the City Yu is the Mountain Kiming the biggest in the whole County high and difficult to ascend on the top thereof appears a fair Palace Near the City Pukiang lies Sunhoa a Mountain whereon according to the Relation of the Chineses the ancient Emperor Hoangti's Daughter resided and devoted her self to Virginity By the City Iungkang the Mountain Fangnien is by Stone Steps ascended to the top where a great Bridge leads cross a Valley In the County Kiucheufu on the South side of the City Kiucheu lies the Mountain Lano the eighth in the Books of Tausu Near the City Kiangxan begins the Mountain Civen and from thence extends above three hundred Furlongs Through these Mountains a Way runs to the Province of Fokien though over many Precipices very troublesom to Travellers but most of all in the steep and high Mountain Sienhoa to ascend which are built three hundred and sixty Stone Steps like a pair of winding Stairs On its highest Top is a fair Temple and many Inns or Houses of Entertainment for Travellers In the County Chucheufu near the City Cinyun begins the great Mountain Hocang the thirteenth in order in the Books of Tausu and spreads it self three hundred Furlongs towards the Sea and according to the Chinese Geographers is a thousand Rods high and not subject to Snow Hail Thunder Rain or any alteration of Weather In the Territory Xaohingfu on the South-East side of the City Xaohing is the Mountain Hoeiki the eleventh in the Books of Tausu from whence anciently the Province Hoeiki which compriseth the Eastern Countreys had its Denomination The Mountain Suming the ninth in order amongst the most famous in the Book of Tausu rises with two hundred Spiry Heads hath eight thousand Rods in heighth and extends two hundred and eighty Furlongs it begins about the City Yuyao aud runs South-West to the City Ningpo
By the City Xing lies the Mountain Tenchi the twenty seventh in the Book of Tausu which hath its Denomination from a Lake whose water is Blood-Red Near the City Sinchan is the Mountain Vocheu the fifteenth in the Book of Tausu There is also the Mountain Tienlao the sixteenth in the Book of Taoxu In the County Ningpofu near the City Cuki the Mountain Lu advances to sight a fair Temple to which the Chineses often resort with Supplications to their Idols to have their Dreams Interpreted In the Territory Taicheufu Southward from the City Taicheu the Mountain Kaicho the nineteenth in the Book of Taoxu is remarkable for the Stones thereon which are all perfectly square By the City Hoangnieu is the Mountain Queiyu the second in the Book of Taoxu By the City Tientai is the red Mountain Cheching the sixth in the Book of Taoxu and near it by a City of the same Name the Mountain Tientai accounted eight thousand Rods high and eight hundred Furlongs about the famousest and first in order amongst all those Mountains describ'd by Taoxu and as they say in happy Auspice Upon it are many fair Temples and Cloysters More Southwardly in the Sea is a Mountainous Isle call'd Yohoan which signifies Precious Circle so nam'd from its convenient Harbor for Ships being almost hem'd in with Mountains and subject to no manner of Winds having onely one Gap like a Mouth for the entrance of Ships By the City Taiping lies the Mountain Fangching on which King Yue liv'd in a private condition In the County Vencheufu South-West from the City Vencheu in the River Lungyeu lies the Mountain Cuyu surrounded with Water yet on the top thereof is a Chappel and Cloyster By the City Suigan is the Mountain Siennien the twenty sixth in the Books of Taoxu Near Locing is the Mountain Yentany on which is a Lake of ten Furlongs also nam'd Yentang that is A Bath for Geese because the Wild-Geese which according to the several Seasons of the Year change their Stations generally make it one of their resting places ON the North side of the City Fokien in the County Fokhenfu in the Province of Fokien begins the high and large Mountain Sive or Fung and runs from thence to another County to the Cities Cutieu Mincing and Leyuen towards the South side of the Metropolis lies the Mountain Fang which hath a Valley of forty Furlongs and on the neighboring Hills many Orange Citron and Lemon-Trees About the City Iungfu towards the North a famous and high Mountain nam'd Kaoca the seventh in the Books of Taoxu yields a delightful Prospect by its ancient Woods and the stately Cloysters built on it In the County Civencheufu Southward from the City Civencheu is the Paocai a Mountain which on its top hath a Turret with nine Galleries and serves for a Land-mark to Sea-men Eastward lies the Mountain Siaoso In the County Changcheufu towards the East side of the City Changcheu is the Cio a Mountain on which according to the Chinese Writers stands a Stone of five Rods high that before Rain or Tempestuous Weather shivers and shakes like a Tree blown by the Wind Nearer the City lies another Mountain call'd Kieulang which joyns to the former and is remarkable for a Crystal Fountain In the Territory Kienningfu on the North-East side of the City Kienning lies the high Mountain Xin from whose top the Sun-rising may be seen over all the other Mountains There is also the Ciaoyven the thirteenth in the Books of Tausu But that which exceeds all the other in Fame and Bigness is the Mountain Vuy near the City Zunggan upon it are many Pagods or Cloysters the Residences for Priests and solitary Persons amongst which are divers Noble-men who despising the World live thus retir'd to serve their Idols with the greater Zeal By the City Pucing is the Mountain Yuleang one of the ten greatest in all China Southward from the City Ienping lies the Mountain Yuevang on which the Kings of Iue us'd to have many Palaces for Retiring places from the heat in Summer more Southerly are the Mountains Kieusieu and Yeuki In the Territory Zincheufu is the Mountain Kin or Gold so nam'd from its Gold-mines which the Family Sung caus'd to be open'd It lies South from the City Tincheu near the City Xanhang on the Eastern shore of the River Ting it is so pleasant that it appears like an excellent Landskip upon it are three little Lakes which they say turn the Iron that is thrown therein into Copper In the County Hinghoafu towards the South side of the City Hinghoa lies the Mountain Hucung upon which the Chinese Mountain-Gazers make many Observations Towards the South-East from the City is the Mountain Goching having a large Village at its Foot There are besides in this Province in the County Ienpingfu the Mountain Tung which surrounds the City Sianglo Through the Borders of Kiangsi runs the great Mountain Pechang West of the City Ienping the great Mountain Huon By the City Singlieu the high Mountain Tiung West from the City Ninghoai the Mountain Lungmien South of the City Tinquien the Mountains Leang and Linting East of the City Tincheu the Mountain Liensung South-East of the City Xaonu the Mountain Cietai North from the City Taining the Mountain Kingoa A little above the City Foning the Mountain Lunxen South of the same City the high Mountain Hung On the same side of the same City the Mountain Nanquin West of the City Ningte the Mountain Hoeung North of the City Foning the Mountain Lunizen North-East from the same the Mountain Talao having six high Precipices with several others IN the Province of Quantung the vast Mountain Talo begins near the City Cingquen from whence it reaches to the Jurisdiction of the City Hoaicie lying in the Province of Quangsi upon it dwell a Wild and Salvage People which are not under the Dominion of the Chineses Within the Walls of the City Canton lie three Hills Crown'd with stately Buildings the first call'd Iuesieu the second Fan and the third Gheu By the City Xunte is the Mountain Lungnien out of which springs a Fountain as clear as Crystal it produces also Red Stones of a strange and wonderful form with which the Chineses build their Artificial Mounts Near the City Ungyven is the Mountain Lichi and in the middle of it a Lake which proceeds from eight Rivulets whose Water is good against many Distempers In the County Nanhyungfu lies the noted Mountain Nuilen on the top whereof stands a Chappel Consecrated to the General Chankieuling In the Territory Hoeicheufu near the City Polo begins the Mountain Lefeu one amongst the ten greatest Mountains in the whole Empire It rises from the joyning of the Mountains Lo and Feu and extends to the Jurisdiction of the chief City Quancheu and to the City Cengching Its heighth is accounted to be three thousand six hundred Paces and its Circumference three hundred Furlongs It hath fifteen steep
be resembled to a Picture The Mountain Caimiao lies on the North-East side from which Water falls whereon the Sun-beams reflecting continually represent a Rain-bowe Westward from the Garrison Pingao lies the Mountain Loco which signifies Harts horn so call'd from the abundance of broken Stones which stick out of the same There are also in this Province North of the City Queiang the high craggy Mountain Nannang In the County Suchenfu South of Suchen the inaccessible Mountain Go West of the same City the Mountain Tienyung In the Territory Xecienfu South of Xecie the Mountain Pipa East of the same the Heu In the County Tunganfu East of Tungan the Mountain Tung South of the City the Tungyai On the South-East side the Cloud-piercing Vienpi On the South-West side the wooddy Mountain Pechang In the County Lipingfu North of Liping the Mountain Patung East of the same City the pleasant Mountain Kinping call'd The Gilded Wall East of the City Tanki the high Mountain Tungquen also the Mountain Taiping with its rising Top Metien and square Cavern Tunqui In the County Putingfu North-West of Puting the high craggy Mountain Ki and East of the same City the Magan East of the chief City of Pinguefu the Mountain Pie By the City Yangy the craggy Mocing In the County Lungtefu by the City Pingtu the high high Mountain Iunctao By Taiping the Rocky Mountain Cohai East of Picie the craggy Mountain Mohi North of the Garrison Cingping the Mountains Lochung and Cosung IN the County Iunnanfu within the Walls of the chief City Iunnan is the Mountain Uhao adorn'd with many Cloysters and Temples and divers other Buildings Westward from the Lake Tien and the City Iunnan lies the far-spreading and high Mountain Kingki and on the North side of the same City is the Mountain Xang which produces a Spring with very cold Water which nevertheless is exceeding good against all manner of pain in the Joynts and Limbs In this County also is the Mountain Lo being high and slender appears like a Spire and with the Mountain Kinki riseth above all the other Mountains in the County On the North-West side lies the Toyang full of Cloysters the Residences of Priests In the County Talifu on the West side of the City Tali is the Mountain Tiencang which extends three hundred Furlongs and rises up with eighteen high Spiry Heads Upon it is a very deep Pool By the City Chao is the Mountain Fungy where there is also an artificial Mount of Earth under which two hundred thousand Men belonging to the King of Nanchao lie bury'd they being all slain in a Battel against the Chineses under the Conduct of the General Tangsiengu After which Victory the Kingdom of Nanchao which contains all that lies towards the South over the River Gangas was by the Family of Han subdu'd By the City Tengchuen towards the South-West lies the Mountain Kico famous for many stately Pagods and Cloysters From this Place the knowledge of the Pagan Religion is thought to have come first to the Chineses On one of the Mountains near the City Chao a steep Spiry Hill call'd Tinsi shoots up a thousand Rods above the Mountain on which it rises and at the Foot thereof lies a Fort for defence of the Ways The other Mountains of lesser remark are Xuimo Chung Tungi and Lofeu In the County Linganfu the Mountain Uchung bears on the middlemost of three Spiry Risings the City Omi By the City Ning the Mountain Vansung so call'd from the Pine-Trees it bears Near Tunghai is the Hill Siau which as the Chineses say hath a Spring whose Water clears and whitens the Skin of those that drink it and also makes lean People fat In the Territory Cuhiungfu on the West side of the City Cuhiung are the Mountains Minfung and Viki from the last of which flow above a thousand Brooks which makes it all over very Flowry and fruitful Northward from Quantung lies the high Mountain Cieupuon which sinks in the middle and makes a deep Cavern Near the City Nangan is the Piaolo full of Silver Mines The others are Heu Southward from the City Sinhoa Minfung Westward from the City Cuhiungfu and Umung Eastward from the City Tingyven In the County Chinkiangfu on the South side of the City Chinkiang near the Lake Vusien the wooddy Mountain Yokeu thrusts up one Spiry Hillock On the East side of the same City is the Mountain Kinlieu which at the rising of the Sun glisters like Gold By the City Kiangchuen towards the South the Mountai Si sends forth several Rivulets Not far from thence is the Mountains Puon and Quen in one of which stands a Temple and Cloyster inhabited by Priests In the County Munghoafu on the South-East side of the City Munghoa the Mountain Guaipo over-tops all the other Mountains in the County On the South-West side lies the Mountain Tunghoang which is so call'd from the Chinese Phenix which as they say died on the same after having Sung very sweetly a considerable time On the North side lies the Mountain Tiencul that is Ear of Heaven because there is such a perfect Eccho on the same that the Voyce though utter'd never so softly is repeated again In the County Quangnangfu on the East side of the City Quangnang is the Mountain Lienhoa that is Lien-Flower because it represents the shape of that Flower Near the City Tai is the Mountain Yocyven so call'd from a pure Spring which rises on its top for Yocyven signifies An excellent Spring In the County Sinyvenfu on the West side of the City Sinyven is the Mountain Polung with many Hills which running along in a Ridge rise higher and higher and appear like swoln Waves of the Sea wherefore it hath the Name Polung that is Many Waves On the North-East side lies the Mountain Nalo which abounds with Tygers and Leopards In the Territory Iungningfu on the South-East side of the City Iungning is the Mountain Canmo which being all a Rock stands apart from other Mountains in a great Plain By the City Volu is the Mountain Lopu By Hinglo the Mountain Pouo By Lochuho the Mountain Lovi In the County Xunningfu on the North-West of the City Xuuning lies the Mountain Loping on the North side the Mountain Mengpa which is inhabited by salvage People In the Garrison'd County Kioungfu on the East side of the City Kiocing is the Mountain Kuking which hath a Spring whose Waters if we may believe the Chineses given to Children to drink sharpens their Wit In the Territory Sokingfu near the City Kienchuen Westward lies the Kinhoa a Mountain which abounds in Gold and extends from thence in a continu'd Line through the Kingdom of Sifan One of the Hills belonging to it shines all over like Gold On the South side of the City Siking lies the large Mountain Fauchang By the City Kienchuen is the Mountain Xepao on which on a Column of Stone is the Image of the Idol Fe an Elephant Lyon Clock and
Drum all of one piece yet every Representation of a particular colour but by whom erected is not known In the County Vutingfu on the East side of the City Vuting is the large Mountain Umong rising with twelve Spiry Heads About the City Lokiven Northward lies the Mountain Hinkieu which is barren and craggy yet plain on the top and ascended onely by a long and narrow Path just broad enough for one Man so that it affords a safe refuge for the Inhabitants in the time of War By the City Hokio lies the Mountain Sokien which is commonly call'd The continual Spring because it feels none of the alterations which usually attend the several Seasons of the year On its West side is a great Cavern like a deep Pit in which stand two Images one of a Man the other of some kind of Beast The Chineses write That if any one chancing to come near these Images speaks aloud there follows immediately Thunder and tempestuous Weather In the County Cintienfu on the North side of the City Cintien is the Mountain Iuecu fifty Furlongs in circumference and on the North-West side the Mountain Into the Air whereof is so very pure and wholsom that those who inhabit there live very long and free from all Diseases nor are ever troubled with that excessive Heat with which in the Dog-days other places are infested By the City Kiucin is the Mountain Kiusna so call'd from the divers-colour'd Stones thereon being in the form of a Horse In the Territory Likiangfu on the North-West side of the City Likiang which looks towards the Kingdom of Tibet lies the Mountain Sieu so call'd from the Snow which never melting is always found upon it In the County Iuenkiangfu on the North-East side of the City Iuenkiang is the pleasant Mountain Lecekia signifying Fair Tower On the East side the great Mountain Iotai with twenty five Spiry Tops In the County Iunchangfu on the East side of the City Iungchiang is the Mountain Gailo or Ganlo upon which is a deep Pond from which the Husbandmen take Observations whether the approaching Year will be fruitful or not by taking notice in the Spring-time whether its Water falls or rises There is also a Stone which representing a Mans Nose sends forth out of the Nostrils two Fountains one with cold and the other with warm Water Near the City Laye lies the Kaoli a great and high Mountain By the City Iunping lies the Mountain Ponan very troublesom and dangerous to ascend Near Xintien is the Mountain Mocang one of whose Tops seems to kiss the Skies The Mountain Funko which lies Westward from the City Ienping hath a Fort of the same Denomination These are the most remarkable Mountains of this Province besides which there are North of the City Caoming the high Mountain Sieucao By the City Synning the Golden Mountain Kiuma South of Queniang the Pecio North of the same City the Mountains Yleang and Kocing South of the City Lyngan the high Mountain Puonchang North of the chief City of the County Kingtungfu the high and far stretching Mountain Munglo And not far from thence the Garrison'd Mountain Pingtai North of Quangsi in the County Quangsifu the Mountain Fiaco Within the Walls of the same City the Mountain Chungfien About the City Mile the Mountain Siaolung By the City Cheneye the Woody Mountain Xingan By the City Loleang the Mountain Xemuon through which runs a Road ten Furlongs broad By the City Yeco the Mountain Yceng Near the City Malnug the high topt Mountain Quenfo West of the chief City in the County Yaoganfu the Mountain Kienlien On the East of the same City the Mountain Tung o'respread with pleasant Groves On the North of the Mountain Lolo and by the City Zayao the Mountain Luki South of the City Pexing the high Mountain Rieulung On the East side the Mountain Tung on the West the Utung On the North-West side of the City Sinhon the Mountain Talung On the North side the Checung on which is a warm Spring By the Garrison Chelo the Mountain Munglo By the Garrison Taheu the steep Mountain Olun By the Garrison'd City Mangxi the high Stony and Cavernous Mountain Singxe By the Garrison Mengyang the high Mountain Queikive so full of Holes that it is said to have been Undermin'd by Evil Spirits As to what concerns the Temperature of the Air and Quality of the Soil in the several Countries of China in particular having heretofore spoken of it in general we find in the Chinese Books of Geography this account given The Temperature of the Air and Quality of the Soil IN the first little County wherein stands the City Chin in the Province of Xensi the Air in regard of the Countrey lies very high and is much colder than in other places but in most parts of the Province of Xensi the Air is pleasant and temperate It Rains very seldom in the Province of Xantung In divers places of rhe Province of Honan the Air is very Temperate and consequently Healthful as likewise in the County Houiking The Air of the Province of Fokien is generally hot but clear and Healthful except in the County Tincheufu The Southern part of the Province of Quangsi is under a warm Climate The Air of the Province of Iunnan is much hotter than that of the other Provinces as being nearer to the Line and for the most part agreeing with that of India The Soil of the Province of Peking is in most places Barren and Sandy though Champain but in the second County Paotingfu very pleasant and Fruitful of all things and so likewise in the seventh Territory Tamingfu In the eighth County of this Province grows the Root Gingten In the Jurisdiction of the City Yenking the first of the three Cities without the bounds of the Province of Peking are store of Vines yet the Inhabitants know not how or rather which is most probable will not make Wine of Grapes but content themselves with Liquors made of Rice which are exceeding good and so well approv'd of by the Jesuits who went thither from Europe that they us'd no Liquor else except at Mass. The Province of Xansi produces Vineyards and Grapes much sweeter than in other parts in China so that the Chineses if they would might make excellent Wine in great abundance but in stead thereof they have a way of drying their Grapes like Raisins which when so order'd are Vended in all parts of China The Fathers which Promulgated the Gospel in this Province took a convenient course to Press their Wine themselves which they use at Mass and furnish'd others of their Fraternity in the Neighboring Provinces therewith whereas formerly with great trouble and charge they sent for their Wine from the City Makao The second County Pingyangfu of the Province of Xansi is partly Champain and partly Mountainous but of the Champain which is very Fruitful not an Acre lies Untill'd The fourth County Luganfu of the same Province is very Pleasant and
Receivers of the Emperors Revenue in the Province of Junnan There are also in this Province Mines of Tin Iron and Lead The Province of Fokien hath Copper Tin and Iron Mines and in some places Gold and Siver Mines also Particularly in the sixth County Tingcheufu in the same Province the Mountain Kin that is Gold is so call'd from its Golden Mines which were open'd by the Family Sung The Mountains in the Province of Queicheu inclose as the Chineses write Gold Silver Quicksilver and the like rich Mettals all which might easily be gotten if the Mountaineers or Inhabitants of the Mountains could be subdu'd and brought to Obedience but now the Chineses have no more benefit than the fore-mention'd People will give them out of their free Wills in Barter for Salt or any other Necessaries The County Hengcheufu in the Province of Huquang hath many rich Silver Mines which may not be open'd All over the Province of Suchuen great store of Iron Lead and Tin is Digg'd out of the Mountains China hath also divers sorts of Precious and ordinary Stones In the Province of Suchuen are the best sort of Load-stones to be found as also in the Provinces of Huquang and Honan In the little County Lincheufu in the Province of Suchuen is a sort of Green Stone call'd Lapis Lazuli and likewise in the seventh County Nanganfu in the Province of Honan and in the Territory Honanfu of the Province of Iunnan In the seventh County Kaocheufu in the Province of Quantung and out of the Mountain Tiniang in the second Talifu in the Province of Iunnan they Dig very excellent Marble which the Chineses cut in thin Squares to make Tables Walls and the like Ornaments for their Houses for this Marble is naturally streak'd with several Colours in such a manner that it represents Mountains Rivers Trees Landskips and the like as if done by a great Artist with a Pencil This Marble is call'd Tienciang from the Mountain out of which it is Digg'd There is also very good Marble in the County Iunnanfu Out of the Mountains near the Garrison'd City Siven in the Province of Peking they Dig white and red Marble or Porphyre-stones and also exceeding good Crystal which is also found on the Mountain Ting in the County Quanglingfu in the Province of Quangsi In the same Province are Agats for their colour and hardness highly esteem'd By the little City Queiyang in the County Hengchufu in the Province of Huquang on the Mountain Xeyen are Stones found after Rainy Weather exactly resembling Swallows which we have already mention'd among the Mountains On the Mountain Queiyu in the County Taicheufu in the Province of Chekiang all the Stones as well great as small grow naturally square In the County Cunchangfu in the Province of Xensi they gather little blue Stones with white Veins or Streaks which are highly esteem'd by Persons of Quality for the common Opinion is that being burnt to Chalk and pounded very small they are good to prolong Life On the Mountain Pao in the fifth County Hoangcheufu in the Province of Huquang they find Stones of which some if laid in the Sun turn Red others Yellow and retain that Colour for a considerable time Out of the almost inaccessible Mountain Io by the City Pa in the County Paoningfu in the Province of Suchuen they Dig Precious Stones Out of the Mountains Vutu in the third County Hangchungfu in the Province of Xensi and in the fourth Cungchangfu and also in the Province of Suchuen by the Garrison'd City Po they Dig a Mineral by the Chineses call'd Hiunghoang It is of a deep yellow or sometimes Vermillion distinguish'd with black Spots it is like a Chalky Stone or hard Earth and is accounted an excellent Medicine against many Malignant Feavers and Agues dangerous Heats in the Dog-Days if laid to steep in Wine and drunk up Out of the Mountain Tape by the City Lungkieu in the County Taitungfu of the Province of Xansi they Dig Earth so Red that it is us'd in stead of Vermillion to Print the Red Chinese Characters with Out of the Mountain Nieuxeu in the County Siganfu in the Province of Xensi is Digg'd a certain White Earth which is us'd by the Women in stead of White Lead to make them Beautiful by taking away all Spots and Freckles in the Face The Chineses call it Queiki that is Fair Woman The Mountain Io in the Province of Xensi produces a certain Blue Earth or Mineral with which they make a kind of Starch for their Linnen Through all the Province of Xansi they Dig a sort of Coal firm and slick like Jet or black Marble such as those of Luker-land or like our Cannel-Coal in Derby-shire The Chineses especially the Common people burn these Coals call'd Mui on their Hearths in their Kitchins or Chambers but first break them very small they being Digg'd in great Pieces and then mixt with Water make them into Balls they are a long while a kindling but once lighted they cast a great heat and keep in a great while The Northern Chineses burn also Wood Cane and other Fuel In the same Province are wonderful Fire-pits like our Water-pits they are in most places and serve in stead of other Fires for the poor people to boyl their Meat over which they do after this manner the Mouth of the Pit is shut very close except a little hole just big enough for the Pot to stand in and so the Inhabitants Boyl their Meat without trouble They say that this Fire burns dull and not bright and though it be very hot yet sets not the least Stick of Wood a fire if thrown into the same nay that which is more it may by being put into a great hollow Cane be carry'd from one place to the other so that every man may use it when he pleaseth and by opening the Mouth of the Cane out of which the heat strikes Boyl a Pot with Meat yet never hurt the Cane in which the Fire is Inclos'd Out of the Mountains Kie and Siuvu in the Province of Peking by the City Pingeo they Dig another sort of Coal which they burn for ordinary Fuel On the Mountain Io in the Province of Xensi by the little City Chinyven are very bright Stones found not unlike Diamonds The Province of Iunnan produces Rubies Saphyrs Agats and the like Precious Stones call'd by a general Name Iemin In the County Kincheufu of the Province of Huquang and in the County Queilingfu in the Province of Quangsi are very excellent Stones found with which the Chineses temper their Ink as the European Painters their Colours In the County Nanhingfu is a black Stone very like the Chinese Ink with which they write on Boards as we do with Chalk There is also a Stone which is so hard that the Inhabitants make Stone Axes and Knives thereof Out of the Mountain Tiexe lying in the Province of Suchuen by the Garrison'd City Kienchang they Dig
Others tell us That the right Porcelane is made of a hard chalky Earth which is first beaten to Powder and ground to Meal and then is thrown into Troughs made of gray Stone full of Water and there left to soak so long till it becomes a Pap mean while a thin Skin comes over it of some of which they make Porcelane as fine and clear as Crystal which on pain of Death may not be carry'd out of the Countrey but must all be brought to the Court and deliver'd to the Emperor and his Council The next sort is made of the uppermost Stuff under this Skin and this is the finest Porcelane we have in Europe and so the nearer this Mucilage is to the bottom of the Troughs still so much the courser is the Porcelane made thereof the bottom of all being not much better than our Earthen Ware But Martinius Trigaut and other Iesuits who were Eye-witnesses write with more probability That the Stuff of which they make their Porcelane is a dry Earth like Chalk and 〈◊〉 Sand and according to Trigaut yellow This Earth is digg'd in the fourteenth County Hoeicheufu in the Province of Nanking and from thence carry'd in square Lumps or Cakes each weighing about three Catties to the Province of Kiangsi along the River Po. And in this Province at a Village call'd Sinktesinu near the City Feuleang in the fourth County Iaocheufu the best Porcelane in all China is made for though there be Earth in other places of which the Porcelane might be made yet it is no way to be compar'd to that which is made in the Village It is to be observ'd that Porcelane cannot be made in the fore-mention'd place where there is such an abundance of Earth either for want of Water or because the Water is not so proper for the making of it Those which dig the Earth carry it not themselves to the Province of Kiangsi but generally sell Cakes or Lumps thereof to other People who maintain themselves by carrying of them thither yet not one Lump may be carry'd away before it is mark'd with the Emperor's Arms thereby to prevent the falsifying of it The Porcelane Vessels are made after the same manner as our Potters make their Earthen Ware The Vessels Plates or Dishes as soon as form'd are Painted with various Colours as yellow red blue or any other That which is of a Saffron colour and Painted with Shapes of Dragons is sent to the Emperor and his Council and the red yellow and blue is sold amongst the common People To colour the Porcelane blue they generall use a certain Weed which in the Southern Provinces is found in great abundance The Baking of these Vessels is after this manner Being shap'd and having stood a while in the Wind and Sun to dry they are put into an Oven which is for fifteen days after made extraordinary hot and both all that while and for fifteen days longer are stopp'd so close that the least Air cannot get in or out of it then the Oven is open'd and the Vessels remaining therein left to cool by degrees for if the glowing Vessels should be taken out of the Oven and put into the Air they would crack to pieces like Glass after the expiration of thirty days the Furnace is open'd in the presence of an Officer appointed by the Emperor for that purpose who examining what is Bak'd takes of every sort the fifth piece for the Empeor by virtue of an ancient Law 'T is said that of the pieces also of broken Porcelane first beaten and afterwards sifted then mix'd with Water and kneaded in a Lump are new Vessels made but cannot be brought to their former lustre It is observable that though some use the fresh Lumps which are brought to them and make Porcelane of it yet others more curious let them lie a while till they grow as hard as a Stone The Earth thus dry'd when they intend to use it is beaten like the broken pieces of Porcelane and also sifted and mix'd with Water then kneaded into Lumps or Cakes of which they make Porcelane as of the fresh Earth Besides the goodness of the Stuff and curious fashioning the Porcelane Vessels are of a high value because they can endure extraordinary hot Liquors in them without cracking also the pieces if joyn'd with Iron or small Copper Wyre hold any Moisture without leaking Through all China are People which are experienc'd in this Art and carry a curious small Drill with a Diamond at the end thereof with which they â—…ake the Holes in the Porcelane In China are also divers sorts of Paper made sometimes of Canes and the Leaves thereof and sometimes of Cotton Silk and Hemp The Paper made of Cotton is not inferior in whiteness to the French Paper In the County Vuchanfu in the Province of Huquang is abundance of Paper made of Canes and the Leaves thereof which grow there There is also good Paper made in the County Lucheufu in the Province of Kiangnan There are more ways of making Paper among the Chineses as Trigaut witnesseth than among us The same Author affirms that the Chinese Paper is very rotten apt to tear and not durable so that no Paper whatsoever sort it be can compare to ours in Europe But whereas he saith that it cannot bear on both sides to be Written or Printed it is a meer mistake because several sorts of Chinese Paper are found in the Netherlands which not only by the Hollanders but the Chineses also are written on both sides without the least sinking The Chinese Paper is of several sizes some two Foot and a half long and two broad some six Foot long and three broad which sort is brought from China into Holland China also in several places produces Sugar 〈◊〉 Honey and in the Mountains abundance of Salt-Petre Of the Shape Nature and Complexion of the Chineses THe Chineses in Colour and Complexion are like the People of Europe especially those of the Northern Provinces for those in the Southern by reason of their Neighborhood to the Line and Heat of the Sun are of a brown Complexion The Hair of their Beards is stiff and short and appears not till full Manhood so that a Chinese of thirty years looks aâ—… Youthful as an European of twenty The Colour of the Hair both of their Heads and Beards is generally black and it is accounted a dishonor in China to wear long Hair Their Eyes are small somewhat oblong black and standing out their Noses are small and not high their Ears of an indifferent bigness in which the Chineses as also in their other Features differ little from the European though in some Provinces they have flat and in a manner square Faces In the Province of Quantung and Quangsi most people on every little Toe have two Nails which is also common amongst those of Cochin-China and some say that in former times they had six Toes on every Foot All the Women are of little
in their manner of Arms of all the Formosans This King look'd upon as a brave Person keeps a constant Guard and is always quarrelling and making War with his Neighbors He was formerly in Friendship with the Hollanders and proud to serve under them as Serjeant of a Company The fifth is Sapat lying quite on the other side of Formosa and commands over ten Towns the Governor whereof is in League with Pimaba The sixth Dominion is call'd Takabolder and hath eight Towns besides several Villages under its Jurisdiction In Takabolder appears an exceeding high Mountain which may be seen from Tayowan The seventh Lordship is that of Cardeman govern'd by a Woman who for her kind reception of the Christians was by the Hollanders call'd The Good Woman She commands over five Villages When the Hollanders march'd into the Field she sent them Provisions had a great Authority over her Subjects and being a Widow married to one of the Princes of the Countrey The eighth Territory hath twelve Villages of which the chiefest are Deredou Orrazo Porraven Barraba Warrawarra Tannatanna and Cubeca The ninth is call'd Tokodekal and hath seven Towns and seven Villages the chief whereof is Tokodekal where the Governor hath his Residence The tenth nam'd Pukkal consists onely of one handsom City and maintains a continual War against the seven Villages of Tokodekal and likewise against Percuzi and Pergunu two Towns which make the eleventh Dominion Besides all these foremention'd Places there are abundance of Lordships in the Mountains but we will not trouble the Reader with naming them because they are so numerous and for that every one is for it self and continually make War one against another But those Places which formerly the Hollanders had reduc'd they kept in good order and quiet These Islands of Formosa and Tayowan especially the Coasts suffer much 〈◊〉 Storms and Tempests for oftentimes the Wind blows down whole Trees and Houses rending both Walls and Roofs from top to bottom Besides by these Huricanes yearly many Ships are lost that approach near the Coasts Both these Isles also endure terrible Earthquakes Anno 1654. hapned a mighty Earthquake on the fourteenth of December which continu'd with short intermissions almost seven Weeks together It also rains here very much wherefore none can travel above two Months being December and Ianuary for then is generally the fairest Weather but their greatest and perpetual Rains happen onely in Iuly and August There are two Mousons oâ—… Stormy Seasons the one the Northern and the other the Southern Mouson The first begins in October and continues till March the second begins in May and holds till September which the Hollanders call'd The unconstant Month because of its often change of Weather The circumjacent Sea that washes the Skirts of these Isles abounds with Fish especially the Harder or Shepherd-Fish and another call'd the Kings-Fish The Chineses come yearly towards February from the Main-Land with thousands of Jonks to take these Shepherds some of the Jonks being able to carry five or six hundred Tun. There sail also another sort of Vessels amongst these Jonks which they call Koiaes or Wankans somewhat smaller than our Cock-boats This Harder or Shepherd is a Fish about the bigness of a Whiting which when taken is slit to the Back like Habberdine then salted and pack'd up in Barrels is sent in Pickle all over China as we and the Hollanders send our Herrings through Europe The Rows of these Fishes are also salted and put into Pots which remaining very red are accounted for a great Dainty amongst the Chineses For the Priviledge of Fishing under this Island the Chineses us'd to pay the Tithes of all Fish for Custom to the Hollanders there resident The Soil hath in it a natural Fertility yet lies most part waste through the ignorance and sloth of the Inhabitants The fruitfullest Tract the King of Middag possesses which produces abundance of Rice Wheat Barley Rye Kayjang Ginger Sugar several sorts of Trees and great variety of Fruits as Lemmons Oranges Citrons Pumpeons Water-Melons Cucumers Ananasses China-Roots Kadjang Fokkafoka Potatoes Ubes Sweet-Herbs Cabbage Carrots and abundance of Physical Herbs and Cane-wood Kadjang is a certain small Seed green and about the bigness of Coriander which boyl'd with salt and fresh Fish gives a more pleasant taste Fokkafokas is a Fruit like a Pear but thrice as big as one of our greatest white on the shady side and on the other in stead of Red of a Purple Colour and shines on the top like Glass It is first cut into four Quarters then boyld with Flesh or Bacon like Turneps Carrots or Coleworts Of the Broth sweetned with Sugar they make good Drink They also have some few Sheep and store of Harts Goats stags Conies Hares tame and wild Swine Tygers Bears Apes and the like But they have there also another kind of Creature by the Hollanders call'd Tayowans Devil about an Ell long and five Inches broad it is full of Scales both under his Belly and on his Back hath four Feet a long sharp Head very sharp Claws and a Tail thin at the end his Food nothing but Pismires for being hungry they put forth their Tongues which when they perceive creep upon it they draw in again and so swallow their Prey It is an Enemy only to the Ants and is very fearful of Men from whom it flies upon the first sight into any hole or else winds it self together but if taken by the Tail and shaken opens again so that the Hollanders have by an Irony nam'd it the Tayowans Devil being so harmless that it will neither offend another nor defend it self None of these are found in all Asia but on this Isle where they have all manner of Fowl else except Parrots There are also Serpents Millepedes Scorpions Hedgehogs and many other monstrous Creatures They likewise oftentimes see great Swarms of Locusts Anno 1655. abundance of Locusts spread themselves over these Islands of Formosa and Tayowan At their first appearance in Tayowan they fell down from the Sky like a great Snow here with us and cover'd the whole Ground After two days they directed their way to Sakkam multiplying in such manner that no place was free of them The People endeavoring to destroy the young Locusts in Sakkam in four or five days got thirty thousand Picol weight But all prov'd in vain and they were forc'd to give over when they saw their prodigious increase utterly destroying their Sugar and Rice Fields every where Against the North-East part of Formosa lies a great and rich Golden Mine surrounded by many other Marble Quarries At the Foot thereof runs a River with many winding Reaches so that any one which intends to go in quest of the Gold must cross this Stream above twenty times and not without great danger because of the Stones which frequently tumble from the Rocks In August the great Rains sweep down an incredible Store of this rich Metal which
her Vomit would send them Rain whereupon the People force upon her more Liquor that they may have plenty of Rain If the Priestess chances to Urine thorow the Roof of the Church then the Spectators promise to themselves a fruitful year but if not great scarcity so that they often drink the more to satisfie the People then bidding the whole Congregation look up she Tabors on her private parts a considerable time which Taboring the Spectators observe with as much Zeal as in our Countrey the Auditors give ear to the Preaching of a Sermon Lastly coming down she falls flat on the ground and begins to roar and foam rolling too and again and spreading her Hands and Feet then lies still a while as in a Trance her associates come to lift her up but seem to have met with too weighty a burthen yet at last recovering after she hath made a small Speech to the People her Companions lead her into the Temple where she drinks her self dead Drunk all which impudent debaucheries as they say are done to the honor of their gods to grant them store of Rain and a plentiful Harvest All the Women must appear naked at this Feast except their Privacies which they cover with a Kagpay that is a little piece of Cloath so also must the Men When they have drunk out all their Liquor at the Temple the Congregation goes home where they Drink till the Morning and walk from house to house committing all manner of Villanies not fearing to lie with or vitiate their Sisters and Daughters The third Feast call'd Sickariariang they keep in Iune the manner thus After every one hath done their Private Devotions in their Houses and as they say spoke with the gods they make themselves ready to go to the general place of Sacrifice near the Sea The Men walk stark naked but the Women have a small Clout before them At their general Assembly the Priestess offers to the gods of whom they now request that they may be strengthen'd against their Enemies and the Women that the Corn be preserv'd from Tempests and Wild Beasts Amongst all other this is the most Celebrated because it is as one of Bacchus and Venus's Feasts so that it differs much and exceeds the rest in perpetrating unheard of Abominations both night and day The young Men are commanded by the Magistrates of the Town to go naked to this Feast and to exercise themselves with Running and Martial Discipline which they willingly perform The fourth nam'd Lingout begins in Harvest and kept also on the Sea shore near the mouth of a River Hither also both Men and Women going naked pray to the gods for Rain to keep the Corn in the Ears to banish Storms and Tempests which very frequently rise in that Moneth Great villanies are committed at this Feast The Youths are stuck and hung with green Boughs and Garlands and so adorn'd must run Races with Rattles in their Hands he that gets first to the River wins the Wager and by the Maidens is conducted and carry'd over where he enjoys the handsomest of them at his pleasure The fifth Feast call'd Piniang is kept in October at which time the Magistrates have a piece of Wood cut in the fashion of a Tortoise-shell ty'd to their Bodies whereupon in the Night with their whole Congregation they walk Drumming and Shouting up and down the Town At this Feast they come all clothed to their place of Offering to run about with the artificial Shell which is first perform'd by those whose Parents are yet living then by those that are Orphans This Feast is no less polluted by vicious performances than the other The sixth they name Itaoungang At this Feastival the old and young Men appear in peculiar Habits and have a pretty way of moving their Hands and Feet Capering and hitting their Feet one against another and likewise act several Postures with their Hands besides many other Ceremonies too long here to relate This continues two days meeting both Morning and Evening at the sound of the artificial Tortoise-shell after they have perform'd their several Offerings to their Deities they fall a Drinking in which they spend the whole Night The seventh Feast call'd Korouloutaen is kept in November with great Solemnity At the time of this Feast they adorn their Arms and Heads with white Feathers The Formosans except those by the Hollanders converted to Christianity believe not in God the Creator of Heaven and Earth but Worship thirteen Idols The first and chiefest is call'd Tamagisangak and resides in the West part of Heaven The other his Wife Takaroepada and dwells over against him in the East both these are by them accounted for their powerfullest gods and reverenc'd with great Devotion for if any War lay desolate their Cities or Sickness and Famine oppress the People they say all proceeds from the neglect of their duty in worshipping these gods The third God call'd Tamagisangak reigns in the South and shapes handsome People as the fourth his heavenly Consort Teckarupada in the East gives growth to Corn and Field-Fruits they say these Deities have the ordering of Mans Life wherefore the Women present them with Seeds and Plants They believe likewise that Thunder is the Goddess Teckarupada's voice chiding at her Husband for not sending Rain timely upon the Earth and he always when thus ratled up by his thundering Wife delays not to send Rain in abundance The fifth God call'd Tugittellaegh and his Queen Tagisikel the sixth have the cure of the Sick and are worshipp'd by them The seventh Deity being Tiwarakahoeloe and the eighth Tamakakamak are chiefly reverenc'd by such as frequent the Woods and Forest to hunt and kill wild Beasts The ninth call'd Tapaliat and the other Tatawoeli govern all Martial Affairs and are for the most part invok'd by Soldiers The eleventh nam'd Takarye and the twelfth Tamakading preside their annual Feasts and punish the omission of their long setled Customs The thirteenth Farikhe they say resides in the North they esteem him a cross-grain'd and ill natur'd God whose business is to deform what ever nature makes Comely and therefore onely worship him that he may not mis-shape them The Natives relate that this last God was formerly a Man living in Sinkam very fierce and of a stern Countenance with an exceeding long Nose which caus'd the People so to mock at him that growing impatient to bear such indignities any longer he desir'd of the Gods to take him amongst them which was immediately granted that after some stay there he descended again and gave his Countrey-men twenty seven Articles or Commandments charging to observe them strictly threatning that if they neglected he would send upon them many and great Plagues These Commandments they keep ten days together every Month beginning when the Moon enters Aries which time is by them call'd Karichang of which Laws more hereafter The Formosans are very slothful and Till but little although
or ten Tail more on a Picol of Silk than otherwise each Tail valued at about five Shillings Sterling and a Picol a hundred twenty five Pound weight The Formosans observe a Time which they call Karichang very strictly abstaining from several things while it lasteth This Karichang comes every Month once which is when the Moon as we mention'd before enters our Vernal Sign Aries It was they say first constituted by one that liv'd in Sinkan call'd Fariche Fikrigo Gon-go-Sey being of a very stern Countenance with a long Nose for which mock'd and derided by all his Acquaintance He therefore tyr'd with their continual gybes and jeering having still one fling or other at his Nose desir'd the Gods that they would please to take him from this wicked World and place him in Heaven which being as they say granted after some time he descended again on the Earth where he commanded the People as a punishment for their former derision strictly to observe the following twenty seven Commandments which if omitted he threatned them with severe Punishments I. Thou shalt not in the time of Karichang build either Houses Walls or Resting-places by them call'd Taekops nor any Hedges or Fences in the Field II. Thou shalt neither buy nor sell Skins Salt Gangans Painted Clothes nor any thing else of that kind III. No Married-men shall sleep with their Wives in the time of Karichang neither shall a Young Man espouse nor bring his Houshold-stuff or Goods to his Bride nor enjoy her lest he die soon after have a lingring Sickness or live at debate IV. Thou shalt not manure new Lands nor lay Straw or Grass upon them nor sow any Seed upon them lest all thy Labors and what thou hast done be destroy'd V. Thou shalt not make Bowes Arrows Shields Swords Assagays or Snares neither shalt thou catch any Beast If any Woman make Bracelets they shall have great Pains in their Arms. VI. Thou shalt not put on any new Garment nor use any new thing whatsoever lest thou lose that and suffer also a great Sickness VII Thou shalt make no Bridges lest they fall or be broken down and thy Swine die VIII No Clothes Gangans Rice Rice-Stampers Black Pots with two Ears nor any other Drinking Vessels shall be brought into the Houses None shall cut green but onely dry Canes and those they may not put into their own Houses but into one of their Neighbors IX Thou shalt not plant Pinang nor Clapper-Trees nor Canes nor Potatoes nor any other Plant. X. Thou shalt kindle no Fires on thy new Place of Assembly which is call'd Kavo nor sleep in them lest thou be punish'd with great Sickness XI No young Men shall exercise themselves in running the Race call'd Tragaduwell XII No Child born in that time shall be taken from his Mother lest it die immediately XIII Let no Man wear any Armlets call'd Salahim lest their Arms should grow sore XIV Thou shalt not kill any Swine though one of thy chiefest Friends come to visit thee unless at Obits XV. Thou shalt not Fish or Hunt for more than thy own Provision XVI Thou shalt not put any Swine in the new Houses made before the Karichang if there were none in before XVII Thou shalt not name the Child that is born in that time till the Karichang be over lest the Child die XVIII Nor shall the Mother stir with her Infant from the Child-bed Chamber further than the next Neighbors XIX A new Tamatawa or General shall not march into the Field till the Karichang is over XX. A Bridegroom shall not walk with his Bride except he hath gone abroad with her before lest some dangerous Sickness ensue XXI No Parent shall knock out their Daughters two upper Teeth before as it is customary with them nor bore Holes in their Ears during the Karichang XXII No Man that never travell'd before shall then begin his Journey XXIII No Maid shall taber with her Feet on a Funeral-Trough if she never Danc'd before XXIV Young Children call'd Taliglig shall wear no Armlets lest some hurt should befal them XXV None shall go in Pilgrimage call'd Zapuliung to the City Mattou in this time except they have been there before XXVI Thou shalt not receive into thy House any Chinese or other stranger but carry them to thy Neighbors And if thou make any Contracts or Alliance thou shalt do it with a Straw in thy Hands over a Chost saying Shall I gain by this or not If I speak angerly will he be patient Which said thou shalt pay the Gods the usual Offering XXVII Thou maist not make any Mariche thad Kaddelangang either in thy Towns Houses Fields or at thy Hunting nor no Vagacang in the time of Karichang ANno 1652. the seventh of September the Chineses of Tayowan and Formosa being then under the Hollanders obedience depending on the great numbers of their People broke out into Rebellion led by Fayet a Ruler of Smeerdorp lying two Leagues from Sakam with a design to surprise or force the Castle of Tayowan which thus they contriv'd viz. To invite the Governor Nicholas Verburgh with all the Officers and chiefest of the Merchants residing in the City Zelandia to their Full-Moon Feast resolving when they were in the midst of all their Mirth to dispatch them in a general Massacre This done they intended to march to the Castle under pretence to bring the Governor home and upon the opening of the Castle-Gate to press in upon them and so Master it But one Pau a Chinese Commander who dwelt in Zelandia and Brother to Fayet the Chief Leader of the Conspirators disputing with his Brother the probability of carrying on the Plot said The Design is good very good and may be brought to effect but if we should fail and the Plot be discover'd and these Devils the Hollanders get the better what will become of us then You shall not suffer onely and the Party that you have engag'd but thousands of Innocents that knew nothing shall scarce satiate their Revenge with their miserable Slaughter To which their General Fayet replied Brother if you are not satisfied and your Fear overcome your Iudgement you are at your Liberty to dispose of your self be Neuter go to your Habitation and which way soever the Victory falls there you may in safety and unsuspected enjoy your Freedom Pau having receiv'd this Reply departed musing as he went but at last resolv'd to discover the Plot and make himself secure indeed Coming therefore to Tayowan near the Castle he desired the Serjeant to admit him to speak privately with the Governor but the negligent left Pau waiting with a slight Answer the Governor and the rest being then at Prayers But he more importunate and big with so great a Business by earnest solliciting was let in to the Governor to whom he discover'd all At which Verburgh the Governor being startled first commanded to secure Pau in the Castle and sent an Officer with eight Men
converting his rage into a contrary passion he would have worshipped her but she refusing such honour bad him return thanks to Heaven and the Gods which he ceased not to do after that becoming a zealous Penitent Not long after Biou Tsongong dy'd and Quanien betook her self to Lamhay a Place in China where she spent the remainder of her Life in great Piety After her Death they built a stately Temple in honor of her and Interr'd her Corps in the middle which remains at this day as the Chineses believe as fresh and sound as if it had been buried but a day Every year the Priests go thither to celebrate the Anniversary of her Death in the sixth Moon on the eighteenth day with Sports and Feasting which hath won so much esteem that the Chineses implore her help and assistance in all Tribulations The thirty ninth Goddess is call'd Nioma or as others will have it Matzou she was born in the City Kotzo in the Territory of Houkong where her Father was Vice-Roy This Nioma resolving also to live and die a Virgin to that end went to dwell in the Island Piscadores or Fishers-Isle otherwise by the Inhabitants call'd Pehoe lying to the Northward twelve Leagues distant from Formosa where she spent her Life in a Pious and most Religious manner Her Image not long after was set up in the Temple with two Servants one on the right and another on the left-side each of them holding a Fan in their Hands which cover'd the Goddesses Head She hath also as they say Spirits under her command and is highly honor'd amongst the Chineses for so great and powerful a Deity that all the Emperors at their Inaugurations must not omit to pay their Devotions in the Temple of this Nioma Her greatest Festival is on the three and twentieth day of the third Moon when the Priests repair from all Places of the Empire to her Tomb because she knows as they believe when any Strangers shall address themselves to that Countrey and whether their intentions be good or evil nay more will give certain Responses to any that consult her in what affair soever so that they are so perswaded and superstitious concerning her admonishments that they think all is lost if she advise not thereunto The original of her Adoration sprung hence as the Chinese Records have it One Campo a Chinese Admiral going out with an Armado to Engage with a foreign Enemy being driven by contrary Winds was necessitated to anchor under the Lee of this Isle but afterwards the Storm ceasing and the Wind and Weather growing fair the Fleet weighed and hoising Sail set forward but all the Sea-men with their conjoined strength could not get up his Anchor which while they wondred at this Goddess appear'd to the Admiral whom imploring she advis'd to take her aboard for the People against whom he had Commission to Fight were great Magitians practising the Black Art and could raise or lay Spirits at their pleasure but she was able to frustrate their diabolical practises Thus perswaded the Admiral with great reverence took her into his Ship and coming to the Shore where they intended to Land these Masters of occult Sciences us'd their skill as Nioma had foretold but she baffled them in their own Arts and so made their powerfullest Charms of no effect wherefore the King that trusted to his Necromancers being necessitated to Engage with the Chineses was by her direction and assistance contrary to his confidence utterly defeated and brought under subjection The Admiral though sensible of the wonderful Service which she had done by her power desir'd that she would do something in his presence that he might relate having so many eye-witnesses to the Emperor And having accidentally a wither'd Cane in his Hand Nioma took it and upon his Request immediately made it grow and blossom and to yield a sweet smell Which signal Prodigy the Admiral fix'd on his Stern and coming to the Emperor related to him all his Adventures whereupon he in honor and commemoration of her favors commanded that they should worship her as a Goddess through the whole Empire Since which every Ship bears her Image in the Stern and the Sea-men are strangely devoted to her The fortieth God call'd Sikjaa born in the Kingdom Tantaico opposite to the West of China they held for the first inventer of that Religion which the Chineses observe to this day He always went bare headed neither eating Flesh Fish or other Creature that had life and lived single This Sikjaa Drawn or Carv'd to the life stands upon the Altars in their Temples and on the right-side at the entrance of the Door Over against him and in some Temples round about him stand long Tables at which the Priests sit reading and muttering to themselves Prayers to Sikjaa to receive them into Heaven Two Priests watch day and night before his Altar often bowing to the Ground and lifting up their Heads equally together whilst their Tabors and Pipes consorted with other Wind-Instruments makes no unpleasing harmony In their Diet the Priests follow the strict Life of Sikjaa eating nothing but Rice Grapes and Herbs they live some in the Wildernesses like Hermits others frequent the Temples abroad and spend their time for a small gratuity in making Offerings in peoples Houses having no allowance either from the Emperor or Charity of the People They never pare their Nails some of them growing six eight ten and twelve Inches long which the Chineses count a great Ornament The Doctrine of this Sikjaa is at large declared in the following Description of China The one and fortieth God is call'd Ang-jaa and is carried from House to House on the eleventh day of the third Moon on an Altar by six Priests whereof three go before and three behind before him stands a Perfuming-pot with burning Incense and other Aromaticks The Mendicant Priests stop at every House and never leave Singing and Praying tinckling two small Basons one against another till the Master of the House comes and brings them some Money in a piece of Paper as an Offering to this God This Ang-jaa is not Clothed like the other Gods but quite naked having onely a Cloth about his Middle which reaches down to his Heels and over his Shoulders a Scarf his Hair Beard Mustacho's and Face differ much from the other Chinese Numens the Hair of his Face more resembling an European than an Asiatick concerning which dissimilitude the Chineses themselves are altogether silent The two and fortieth Deity call'd Tontekong is represented in the shape of an antient Man with a white Beard and said to be a great abhorrer of Gaming and Adultery which by all means possible he sought to extinguish wherefore the Chineses have placed him in Heaven and also invoke him daily to defend them from Thieves The three and fortieth God nam'd Teiton a valiant Heroe represented with a drawn Sword in his left-hand whose Services in redeeming the Empire like to be lost by
the Invasion of the Enemy have listed him in special rank amongst the number of their Gods The four and fortieth Schercong next takes place adored for the invention of Tragedies and Comedies and other Enterludes Acted on the Stage The five and fortieth God nam'd Amkong hath obtain'd the like honor meerly for his great Merits and Vertues The six and fortieth Tswajong was in his life-time a mighty Man of a Gigantick Stature his Club which he could flourish with one Hand weighed ninety two pounds so that for his strength and valour he was very famous in China and therefore worshipp'd as a God The seven and fortieth Hangoe another Giant whose Helmet weighed one hundred twenty five pound whose strength and valour made him living a Vice-Roy and after death a Deity The eight and fortieth Hanzing with whom none could stand in competition either for Prudence or Science except Quantecong and Sodejong who perform'd with a few Men greater Acts by his subtile Stratagems and politick Conduct than others with vast Armies and therefore the Chineses worship and hold him for a God The nine and fortieth Sodejong a wise and politick Prince yet meek and loving to his Subjects look'd upon as superior in his Character to Hanzing but much inferior to Quantecong The fiftieth Sjengoesoeng also a very strong Giant and much reputed for serving his Countrey against the common Enemy The one and fiftieth Goumatzintzing signifies Pastor Gregis The Shepherd of the People and a Servant to God He had if you will believe the Chineses five Eyes two in the right places and two above them and the fifth in the middle of his Forehead like the Cinque upon a Dye two of these were alway sawake or open whilst the other three were shut for which they implore him as their Watch in Heaven The two and fiftieth Soumanoaom had four Eyes two in his Neck and two in his Forehead when those two in his Forehead closing slept the other two kept open watchful wherefore he being General was never defeated whom for his never-sleeping Care and Conduct they worship as a God The three and fiftieth Zjenzucung a Lord of small Stature wearing short Hair but of an acute Wit and profound Understanding and abominator of Gaming and Drink The four and fiftieth Quantecong though by Iohannes Gonsales and others call'd Vitie whom the Chineses honor'd more than any of their Gods being reckon'd the first Emperor in China for Valour Subtilty and Science unparalell'd and not to be match'd such was his wonderful and Gigantick Stature being as they fable twelve Foot and eight Inches high and his Shoulders four Foot broad his Sword weighed ninety two pound which he us'd with one Hand In the beginning of his Reign he possessed onely one Province but by his Conquests and Atchievements became Master of the fifteen which now make the Empire He established many Laws and Ordinances especially one against Idleness He first invented Clothing and Dying of Stuffs which they use to this day for before they went naked like the Indians He also modell'd and invented Ships made Saw-Mills Gun-powder and Guns and improved Architecture Some Buildings and Edifices are yet to be seen whereof as they say he was the Contriver He made a Law That all Mechanicks should continue their Parents Trades from Generation to Generation He erected Cities Towns and Villages and commanded the People to inhabit them And as their Chronicles relate this Quantecong with his own Hand slew in one Battle three thousand some say four thousand Men. He had a Negro for his Squire or Armor-bearer who was no less valiant than himself for he accompanied him in all dangers whatsoever and was called Tzicutzong he perform'd great Exploits in his Masters Service by conquering many People and several Countreys but besides Quantecong had another Servant a White call'd Quanpiong yet no Martialist In every City is also a Temple erected to the honor of Quantecong in which stands his Image On one side of him stands his black Squire with a Sword by his Side and a large Knife like a Mowers Scythe four Paces from him on the other Side his white Page Quanpiong Nor was he invocated onely by his Countrey-men but also by the Tungkins their Enemies for as soon as any War broke out they set a Guard before his Temple that none might hurt him for they believe he would punish their neglect with the loss of their Army Nay farther they say That mounting his red Horse Angbea for he onely us'd a red Steed there being none of that kind else in China he Rid against their Enemies and destroy'd their whole Army in revenge of the damage done to his Temple The six and fiftieth Kongsou is held for the first inventer of Printing which the Chineses have us'd eight hundred years and upwards insomuch that they say the Christians learn'd that art from them because at that time they Traded with Christian Merchants This Kongsou stands on a Throne environ'd with People of several Nations every one holding a Book of all which the Germans stand nearest to him because they according to the testimony of the Chineses have greater Judgment and Print better than any other Nation The seven and fiftieth Tegoe that is Transitory Bull. The eight and fiftieth they nominate Kjenke that is Crow or Chicken-Thief A strange fancy and belief possesses the Chineses about these their two Deities for say they when Tegoe hath the Earth on his Shoulders then Kjenke comes from Heaven and pecks Tegoe on his Body whereby necessitated to shake himself the Earth trembles and shakes with him and as soon as any such trepidation begins they fall a laughing saying Now is Tegoe peck'd by Kjenke Father Martinius in his Chinese History saith That the Soil of China is very little subject to Earthquakes yet the Chronicles of that Countrey mention That the Year before the Birth of our Saviour 73. hapned such a great Earthquake that several Mountains were swallow'd up from whence the Chineses a People much inclin'd to Superstition prognosticated the destruction of their Empire such things say they proceeding from an angry and threatning Heaven The nine and fiftieth Luikong or The God of Thunder for Lui is Thunder and Kong a Governor They represent him with a Head like a Crane Feet and Hands like an Eagles Claws and large Wings wherewith he seems to flye through the Clouds When this Luikong say they intends to Thunder he stands between four Clouds with a Drum on every one on which he beats continually with two great Iron Pestles And when any one is struck by a Thunder-bolt they say that Luikong is much enraged against that Person and therefore struck him with the foremention'd Pestles so that they are very fearful of him and when it Thunders creep on their Hands and Feet under Benches and Tables The sixtieth is the Ruler of Lightning and represented by the Chineses with a Straw Wisp in her Hand which when it Lightens
torments them for ever therefore they worship him that they may not be tortured They also firmly believe That the Souls of the Wicked return again on Earth to plague and terrifie those alive which they say appear to them in several Visions On the fifteenth day of the seventh Moon they present him a well drest Swine whole and likewise Hens Ducks Pinang and Cakes of fine Meal Keekieuw that is Arak or Brandy and Sugar-Canes The Hog they lay down on his two foremost Knees with his Head on his fore-Feet opposite to the Image Tytsoequi and use afterwards so many extraordinary Ceremonies at this Offering that beginning early in the Morning it continues above an hour after Sun-set Several Gilded pieces of Paper made like a Boat are also burnt in honor to him and they are very zealous in their Prayers to this Tytsoequi In Hell they say he is served like a King having two Councellors and twelve Spirits which wear mighty Knives and wait upon him continually like Halberdeers to receive and execute his Commands besides several other Spirits which serve him as Gentlemen The second or Vice-Roy of Hell they call Iamkoen who Commands with great Authority wherefore they worship and fear him The third Iamtouwi The Chineses also observe a certain day in the Year on which they Offer to all the happy departed Souls calling it Chinkbinch and is kept Annually on the third day of the third Moon the Year after Leap-year but in the Year before Leap-year on the twentieth day of the same Moon Thus far David Wright In Valour and Warlike Policy the Chineses of Tayowan and Formosa far exceed those on the Main Land most of them at all times wearing Skeans by their sides except when at Meat in their own Houses They use no Knives Forks or Spoons to eat withall but take it up with two small Sticks made of Ivory or Ebony-Wood Tipt at the ends with Silver or Gold Women of mean Capacity maintain themselves with Spinning and Twisting of raw Silk which is brought thither from the Territory of Chickinny The Women eat not constantly with their Husbands at Meals and when heretofore the Men found no Women according to their minds on the Islands they sent for them out of China and barter'd for them as other Commodities Lastly it is requisite in this place to give a short account how Coxinga and his Associates Anno 1661. took both these Islands from the Netherland East-India Company but first we will shew his Extract strange Rise with the Ruine of his Father who was call'd Chunchilung and by Foreigners Iquon or Ikoan and Equan a Man of mean Descent born in a small Village on the Sea-shore in the Territory Fokien near the City Annay his Father very poor and as some say a Taylor by Trade He first Serv'd the Portuguese in the City Makao and afterwards the Hollanders on the Island Formosa where soon after he became a great Merchant by the Iapan Trade and at last a Pyrate Having from this small beginning gotten a great Fleet of Ships and obtain'd by his politick Designs and grand Undertakings to so great Treasure that the Chinese Emperor was not able to stand in competition with him for he onely of all the Chineses ingrossed the Commodities of all India in his own hands driving therewith a vast Trade with the Portuguese at Makao with the Spaniards on the Philippine Islands and with the Hollanders at Formosa and Batavia and likewise with the Iapanners besides other Oriental Kingdoms and Islands He onely Transported the Chinese Commodities by his own People bringing back the Indian and European in Returns for them so that he began to grow so exceedingly rich that he could fit out a Fleet of three thousand Sail. Yet this Chinchilung or Iquon not contenting himself herewith began to Plot how to be Emperor of China but well knowing that he could never effect it so long as any of the Imperial Tamingian Family was in being which at that time held the Royal Seat therefore he made choice of a time to extirpate that Family which was Anno 1644. when the Tartars over-ran the whole Empire except three Provinces being Folnien otherwise call'd Chincheo Quantung and Quangsi and the more closely to hide his Design he pretended to take up Arms against the Tartars as Enemies to the Chineses and defend that Empire with all his Forces And without doubt under this Disguise he would have been taken for the Redeemer and Protector of that Crown had he not held Correspondence with the Tartars to whom he gave what Intelligence he thought good for his advantage At the same time when the Tartars fell into the Countrey of Fokien Iquon was declar'd General by the Emperor Lungun of all his Forces the Officers also were either his Brothers or Friends so that being able to do what he listed he permitted the Tartars to come into the Empire for which they gave him the Title of King making him King of Pingnan which is in the Southern part of China and sent him many great Gifts the more easily to delude him and though perhaps not ignorant of his Design but fearing his formidable Power they durst not use any rigorous course against him but rather Treated him very honorably with Presents high Entertainments and large Promises of the Government over the Territories of Fokien and Quantung so that he thought easily to get an absolute Command over the Southern Countreys But when the Tartar intended to return to the Imperial City Peking and all his Vice-Roys according to custom came to attend and accompany him some part of the Way Iquon also not suspecting any danger came to shew his Respects in like manner and went with a few having left his Fleet in the Haven before the City of Focheu but now being ready to depart having perform'd his Complements and desiring leave to return the Tartar Prince requested him to go with him to Peking to the Emperor where he promised him the highest Preferments and although Iquon sought with many Arguments to put off this Journey yet was he at last forced to go so that by this Stratagem he was taken which could not be by force of Arms or any Device whatsoever Coming to Peking he was put close Prisoner not onely under a strict Guard but the Door of the Place wherein he was kept made up with Stone and himself loaded with Fetters about his Neck and Feet and if any new Troubles hapned by his Son Coxinga and the News thereof brought to the Court at Peking as it did Anno 1657. at which time the Netherlanders were there in an Embassy they laid fifteen Chains more upon him His Son Coxinga and Brothers inform'd of his Imprisonment betook themselves again to the Fleet and made all the Seas near China by their Pyracies almost useless Upon this account Coxinga with his Associates and a crew of Rebel Chineses kept the Tartars on the Coast of China in continual Alarms
On Friday the eighteenth Van Campen went ashore with his Sloop and came to the South-west Point of the smallest Island at a Stone Cawsey along which he walked to a deserted Place wherehe saw many large Ruines of former Houses and under the jutting of a Hill several Towns besides two fair Temples and in them on a row many Chests with dead Corps standing against the Walls above the Ground There also were two Light-houses furnish'd with many Images sitting on Stools at a Table before which they burnt Offerings imploring indulgence to departed Souls The nineteenth Admiral Bort sent Philip Mew who had some smattering of the Chinese Tongue to the Fort of Minjazen three Leagues from Hoksieu to the Governor with Desire to permit them with Boats and two of the taken Jonks to Sail up the River for fresh Water for the Ships and to buy Provisions He brought Answer that they might go with all their Boats and Jonks and fetch as much Water as they pleas'd The twentieth and one and twentieth nothing hapned of any remark every Ship being busie to take in Water The two and twentieth being Tuesday five Mandarins with a considerable Train came in great Tartar Vessels Aboard the Naerden Frigat to the Admiral where they were welcom'd with the firing of Guns and three Vollies of small Shot Upon the Admiral 's Order the Naerden fir'd seven Zirickzee five Domburgh three and all the rest of the Ships two Guns apiece and three Vollies of small Shot more The Pilot of the Naerden Frigat carried in a Tartar Vessel aboard of the Vice-Admiral Van Campen who at that time being troubled with an Ague could not be at the Mandarins Entertainment in the Naerden one fat Calf five Hens five Ducks three Water-Lemons with a great Pot of Chinese Beer all sent as a Present to Van Campen from the Governors of Hoksieu and Minjazen The twenty fourth a Corporal with four Souldiers was sent ashore with a Flag to the Island being on the North side of the River with Command to go to the top of the Mountains and see if he could descry any Ships or Jonks if they saw Ships then they were to wave their Colours as many times as there were Vessels if Jonks betwixt every Flourish to fire a Gun In the Afternoon Ysbrant van Banke Commander of the Ankeveen who dy'd the Night before was Buried on the Island and Iacob Swaert put in his Place being the Pilot to the Vice-Admiral in the Zirickzee The twenty sixth and twenty seventh nothing of remark hapned The twenty eighth three Chinese Vessels came with three Mandarins from Hoksieu aboard the Naerden Frigat and brought a Letter from the Governor thereof and Commander of the Castle Minjazen The Contents consisted in many Complements with promise of Favors and all kindness from them both likewise a free Grant to go unmolested up the River and buy Necessaries for their Money for the Fleet and lastly wishing them a kind welcom into China by which it appear'd that the Tartars intended to joyn with the Netherland Forces The Letter being read several Guns were fir'd from the Naerden At Noon the three Mandarins taking their leave went away in the same Vessels whilst five Cannons were fir'd in honor to them and also three Vollies of small Shot they carry'd with them a Letter from the Admiral Bort written by the Chinese Interpreter Lakka to the Governors of Hoksieu with many civil Expressions of thankfulness The twenty ninth thirtieth and one and thirtieth nothing hapned of any note The first of September all Officers were commanded by the Admiral to Land their Soldiers on the middle Island and take up their Quarters in the best Houses of the ruin'd Town with Order that every Officer should furnish his Soldiers with all Necessaries for the Dressing of Meat and to give them double allowance on the Shore of Rice Pork Oyl Vinegar and Arak which daily occasion'd a murmuring amongst the Sea-men who said That they did the worst Work and hazarded their Lives as well as the Soldiers and therefore ought rather to have the greatest allowance The second being Saturday Auke Peters Commander of the Ter-Boede and Captain Constantine Nobell came back from Hoksieu whither they were sent by Order of the Admiral on the thirtieth of the last Moneth and brought with them to the Admiral in the Naerden five Cows thirty six Ducks five great Pears with some Pot-herbs The third being Sunday Vice-Admiral Van Campen went ashore in his Sloop where he saw divers Burying-places defaced by their own Soldiers who out of hope to find Gold Silver or Jewels buried within broke open the Chests and threw out the Corps which lay in all their Apparel as Caps on their Heads Coats Breeches and Shoes and in their full shape but as firm as a Mummy On the fourth fifth sixth and seventh days nothing hapned worthy of relation The eighth being Friday Iohn Melman with two Soldiers and three Tartars that came with the Fleet from Batavia besides the Chinese Interpreter and Secretary Lakka came back from Sinksieu through Hoksieu after a Journey of twenty four days accompanied with a Mandarin sent to the Admiral Bort with Letters from the Vice-Roy Singlamong and from the next Person to him the General Taysing Lipovy besides a Letter from a great Lord call'd Santing Houbethetok Governor of the great City Zwansyfoe in all which they express'd themselves in a handsom Style signifying the Hollanders kind welcome thither The two chief Commanders the Vice-Roy and General desir'd moreover that the Admiral would please to repair to them or some other he should Depute for they would be glad of some People of Quality to Confer with and likewise that they would be pleas'd to send the Letters from the Lord-General and Councel of Batavia by a special Envoy by Land to the Camp at Sinksieu that so they might better know by communicating their Intentions how to carry on the grand Affair and that they should in the interim leave the Presents for the Vice-Roy in their Ships till farther order and accordingly he Commission'd the Vice-Admiral Van Campen and Constantine Nobell yet their Letters did not so earnestly require it as the Interpreter Iohn Melman related to the Admiral with Commands to deliver the Lord-General and Indian Councels Letters to the Vice-Roy Singlamong and the Person next to him in State the General Taysing Lipovy and withall to Treat and conclude with them concerning the grand Affair This being concluded on they sent advice concerning it to the Governor of Hoksieu who return'd this Answer THe dispatching of the Vice-Admiral Iohn van Campen and Constantine Nobel with Letters from the Lord-General and Councel of Batavia to the Vice-Roy Singlamong and the next Person to him Taysing Lipovy will according to my Judgment come to a good issue but to joyn with You and make a League to go against Coxinga or his Adherents is beyond my Commission but I will
day at night arriv'd at a strong Hold where they intended to take up their Lodging for that night but they were carried into a Mandarins House and accommodated very generously where amongst others they saw three Ladies one of whose Feet with Shoes and all were but six another five and a half and the third five Inches long occasion'd from the straight swadling of their Legs and Feet in their Infancy after the Chinese manner for Women with great Feet they account homely and those that have little Feet Beauties so that the bigger they are the lesser they strive to make their Feet The tenth setting forward again they travell'd by several ruin'd Villages They saw also nine strong Castles and many long hair'd Chineses Heads hanging in Baskets on Trees for all the Chineses of Coxinga's Party which refus'd to cut their Hair were when found by the Emperors Command decollated and their Heads hang'd up in that manner In the Evening they came to the City Tamwa where they were receiv'd by three Mandarins conducted to a great House like a Court of Guard and entertain'd with variety of Meats The Eleventh in the Morning they left Tamwa and proceeding on their Journey went through several other Villages and Fortifications in the afternoon coming to the Castle Tamhoe they retir'd thither to rest themselves because Constantine Nobel was much troubled with an Ague where the Governor entertaining them with variety of Dishes they made by several Presents a civil Return The twelfth they left Tamhoe and travell'd that day by five great Villages and many Garrisons and at Noon arriv'd at the City Zwansifoe where met by the Mandarins and conducted into an antient Building After a little stay they pass'd on to Santing Houbethetok his House a Man of great Quality and Governor of this City whom they proffer'd the Presents sent him by the Admiral Bort viz. A pair of Pistols five Dutch Ells of Scarlet and four Pieces of fine Linnen but because they seem'd to Van Campen and Nobel too little they added a Demy-castor five Dutch Knives three Rummers three Beer-glasses five Flasks of Brandy and five of Sack all which Santing Houbethetok receiv'd and caus'd to be brought to him by his Servants and having treated the Ambassadors very splendidly gave each of them two Chinese Rolls of Silk and a great Silver Medal whereon with Golden Letters his Name was engraven which was a Pasport signifying That whoever bore it were Persons of Quality and so to be look'd upon as no less than Lavyaes that is Lords or Fathers This done they began a long Discourse about the Dutch and Chinese Wars and also that of Coxinga Lastly they desir'd his Assistance in the procuring for them a Free Trade in China of which he seem'd no ways to doubt saying Were your Ships here hard by or in the River I would buy all your Commodities Having discours'd a little while and been plentifully feasted they took their leaves and rode to their Lodging where divers Mandarins out of curiosity came to visit and speak with them and bringing Fruit and Sweet-meats kept them company most part of the Night The thirteenth at day-break the Agents left Zwansifoe and travell'd until they reach'd Zwansehoo a Place of very considerable strength into which they were receiv'd by three Mandarins who gave them a very handsom Entertainment The fourteenth being Saturday they left Zwansehoo and going on all day came towards Evening to a well-guarded Place call'd Enwacho where they took their Repose that Night in a Temple in which they were nobly accommodated by the Priests On Munday Morning the sixteenth the Agents set forward again and that night reach'd the City Enwa into which being conducted by three great Mandarins they were brought into a great Wall'd Pagode wherein above fifty Chinese Priests having their abode gave them a welcome Reception Many Apartments were in this Pagode every one furnish'd with various Images which being as big as the Life sate cloth'd in rich Apparel on Stools round about Tables All the Priests offer'd Incense to these their Idols before whom also burnt many Lamps with taboring on a Drum and singing The next day the Vice-Admiral Van Campen presented the Priests with twenty Crowns of Silver Coin for which they return'd him many complemental Thanks after the Chinese manner The same day proceeding further on they pass'd a most delightful and rich Countrey which had not been wasted by the War but remain'd still in its full Glory Here they saw divers well-built and wall'd Villages and likewise many antient Structures and beautiful Tombs each of which had a convenient Entrance and within that an arched Passage leading to the Grave where they burnt Offerings to the Dead There were also Tombs on which lay great Turtles carv'd of blue Stone and others adorn'd with Columns and arch'd above In the Evening they arriv'd at Fort Lantongzwa standing on Mount Tishoo into which they were introduc'd by three Mandarins and conducted to the Governors House who entertain'd them nobly and had a long Discourse about the Dutch Tartar and Chinese War The eighteenth they began their Journey about Noon not able sooner to get Men to carry them and their Goods and travell'd towards the Evening through a great unwall'd Village where they were invited to a civil Treat by a grand Mandarin Here the Agents found five Chineses which a few days before were fled with a Jonk from Tayowan amongst which was one who smatter'd so much broken Dutch that Van Campen could understand when he told him That Coxinga and the General Bethekok two such Leaders that China afforded not the like being overpower'd and straightned by the Tartars both despairing ended their days in Tayowan where since hapned such a Famine that many died suffering by extremity of want At the Evening arriving at the City Hokzwa three Mandarins led them to a spacious House whereto all Governors when they travel about Publick Affairs are conducted for these Houses as we said before have many large Chambers furnish'd with good Beds and all manner of Furniture both for their Lodging and Diet with large Out-rooms for Servants and Stables for Horses The Governor of the Town sent the Agents good store of fresh Provisions After Supper many Grandees of the City and two Mandarins that came lately from Peking visited them who told them that all the News there was that the Peace between the Emperor and Coxinga would not be concluded because the Islanders of Eymuy and Quemuy would have their own Governors and Soldiers They also acquainted them of the sudden Death of Coxinga's Envoy in his Journey to Peking and that there was no News of sending another in his stead Thursday being the nineteenth a great Train of People rode through the City that came from Hoksieu and were going to Sinksieu to the Vice-Roy with Clothes and other Goods and also with News of his Wives Mothers Death which forc'd the Agents
to stay for Men to carry their Necessaries Mean while the Vice-Admiral Campen went to view the City and walking along met with a Slave that was run away from Macaw and serv'd now in the Chinese Army as a Soldier who leading him out of the City shew'd him a Christian Temple where according to the Slaves Relation Father Martinius famous for his Writing of the Chinese Atlas and other remarkable Antiquities of that People died thirty seven days before Anno 1653. this Martinius came with a Portuguese Frigat from Macasser to Batavia after having been ten or twelve Years in the Empire of China where he preach'd the Gospel and converted as they say above two thousand Souls and went the same Year from Batavia in the good Ship the White Elephant commanded by the foremention'd Iohn Van Campen to Holland but the Ship running into Bergen in Norway Martinius travell'd from thence through the Sound to Amsterdam where he publish'd the foremention'd Works At Noon leaving Hokzwa and proceeding on their Journey in the Evening they enter'd a Village and according to custom went into a great Pagode where they were courteously entertain'd by the Priests and took repose that Night On Friday Morning being the twentieth setting out very early they rode through a Village abont an English Mile and a half long which the Night before was the greater part burnt down by Thieves and in the Fire about a hundred Men Women and Children consum'd to Ashes or otherwise murther'd About Noon having pass'd the Village they were brought to a great House where the Chineses kept Watch. Here was but one Mandarin who receiv'd the Agents very friendly and seem'd heartily to rejoyce that they had not shared in the last nights Calamity In the afternoon they took their leave and went being guided by the Mandarins to the Shore of an In-land River where they and their Retinue Embarqu'd themselves in a Vessel that lay ready for to carry them to Hoksieu Towards Night they came to Lavyit or Anlavja a Strong-hold built on the top of a Mountain Near which was a Ferry for the ease of Travellers The one and twentieth being Saturday in the Morning they came to Lamthay belonging to Hoksieu where they were kindly receiv'd by divers Mandarins and the Governor of the City Engeling who nobly entertain'd them After Dinner they were conducted through the City and shew'd may antient Edifices and spacious Pagodes or Temples At Night they return'd to their Vessel notwithstanding the Governor of Minjazen proffer'd them his House for their Lodgings The two and twentieth they sent the Chinese Interpreter Lakka with two Mandarins to the City Hoksieu before them and prepared themselves with some Presents of Scarlet Crown-Serge and Bays to give to Hanlavja the Governor of Minjazen and likewise to the Ruler of Hoksieu who hearing of their arrival by the Interpreter Lakka sent them fifteen Saddle-Horses But Van Campen not being very well dispos'd staid in the Barque ordering Constantine Nobel to take the Presents and ride with all their Attendants to Hoksieu where after a kind Reception towards Evening he return'd to Lamthay to the Vessel The next day being the twenty third the Mandarin of Lamthay invited the Agents to Dinner which they would willingly have put off but fearing his Displeasure they granted his Request Many great Mandarins besides the Governors of Minjazen and Engeling were present at this Feast which was ended to the general satisfaction of all with great jollity and good cheer The Chinese Lords advis'd the Agents to stay seven or eight days longer to congratulate the Vice-Roys Return and for the farther accomplishing their Business promising them their Assistance in their Request for selling those Merchandizes that were in the Ships The twenty fourth being Tuesday in the morning Van Campen and Nobel rode both to Hoksieu to complement the Governor and other Mandarins and likewise to present them with five Ells of Scarlet a piece of Crown Serge and a Demy-Castor which the foresaid Lords receiv'd very courteously promising to be assistant to the Agents in the procuring a Free Trade for them provided they were not too hasty About Sun-set the Agents took their leave and mounting their Horses rode through a great Throng of People out of the City and came at Night to their Vessel lying at Lamthay where they took their Repose The City Hoksieu otherwise call'd Changcheu hath many stately Buildings of blue Stone and several great Pagodes or Temples being inviron'd with a high Wall fortified with Bulwarks and deep Ditches and the Streets well pav'd The twenty fifth the Governor of the Fort Engeling accompanied with several very eminent Mandarins came to visit the Agents in their Jonk where they were welcom'd by the Hollanders with Spanish and Rhenish Wine which having drunk they spent some time in discoursing about the War This Fort of Engeling stands on the Sea-shore before which is a safe Harbor for Ships Near the Bay stood formerly a great Town of Trade of the same Name but was quite ruin'd and raz'd by the Tartars But during the Mandarins and Agents Discourse together in their Jonk came a Tartar a Soldier of Hanlavia with a Letter from the Admiral Bort to the Agents Iohn Van Campen and Constantine Nobel The Contents thereof to this purpose THis Morning I have understood of your coming back to Hoksieu from Our Secretary Iohn Melman sent from Us to the River of Hoksieu to inquire for you and deliver a Letter to the Governor of Minjazen Since that being inform'd as likewise by your Letter written in haste That the Tartars have concluded Peace with those of Eymuy and Quemuy from whence We may suppose that they will begin nothing with Us to their prejudice but rather prevent it if they have but any opportunity and to make Satisfaction for all Damages because with this Peace they are become their Subjects done already and which hereafter we may do them To prevent all We wish that We had the Domburgh Frigat here with us Yet nevertheless We give no such Order by these Presents that by such sudden alterations we may create no suspitious thoughts in them But We do hereby send you Our good Sailer the Sea-dog Frigat that upon the receit hereof you may come to us This we desire you to observe that We may hear your Adventures and what you have effected in your Business that then We may consult and resolve one with another what is best to be done in this Affair for the Benefit of the Publick and prejudice to the Enemy From aboard the Naerden Frigat in the Fleet before Tinghay October 25. 1662. Balthasar Bort The Governor of Engeling with the Mandarin of the Fort at the Agents Request provided instantly thirteen Saddle-Horses whereon they rode to Hoksieu to obtain Licence to return to their Ships whither they came about Noon and went to the Governor and Mandarins of whom they desir'd leave to depart to their Fleet
the twelfth they saw two Jonks in the South-West seeming to steer towards Tinghay which Van Campen chasing endeavour'd to get to the Northwards but labour'd in vain because of contrary Winds and Tides at last he was forc'd near the Islands of Pakka which although pretty large yet are for the most part waste and untill'd and inhabited by none but Fishers and poor Rusticks Nevertheless there is good Harbor for Ships and Refreshments of Water and Provisions to be had The thirteenth being Munday Van Campen with the Ebb set Sail Northwards between the Islands Pakka in eighteen nineteen and twenty Fathom Water but came after the Tide spent to Anchor in thirteen Fathom Water under the Eastermost Island About Noon the Fleet weigh'd to get more towards the North and against the Evening Anchor'd in eight Fathom Water about half a League Nor-Eastand-by-East from the Eastermost Isle before Pakka The fourteenth Van Campen set Sail again with a Nor-Nor-East Wind in six seven and eight Fathom between the Isles of Pakka and about Noon forc'd by contrary Tides came to an Anchor in seven Fathom Towards Evening weighing again with the Ebb he let fall his Drag about midnight in eighteen Fathom gravelly Ground not far from the place where the Coast of China hath many high Mountains and broken Land yet behind them very pleasant and fertile Meadows and Rice-Fields The fifteenth setting Sail again he Anchor'd about Noon under an Isle in thirteen Fathom Water gravelly Ground about Cannon-shot from Shore whither he sent his Boat to see for Water From hence setting Sail he came into a Bay behind Campens Point so call'd from himself where he dropp'd Anchor in five Fathom Water there being a convenient Harbor and safe Retreat against hollow Seas and turbulent Winds On the North side of this Point lying in twenty six Degrees and fifty one Minutes Northern Latitude may be seen the Ruines of the City Tikyen or Tykin formerly a place of great Trade but lately destroy'd by the Tartars Here the Zierikzee's Boat was sent ashore with the Pilot Auke Pieters and thirteen Men to fetch Water Near the Shore between the Mountains appear'd a pleasant Valley flourishing with Rice Carrots and all manner of Fruit. You may freely without fear or danger sail between the main Coast and these Isles yet not without some care because divers Shoals lie near the Coast. The eighteenth being Saturday Van Campen set Sail with his Squadron the Wind Nor-Nor-East and laveering it between Campens Point and the foremention'd Isles between seven and thirteen Fathom Water gravelly Ground they discover'd the old Zajer Isle East-Nor-East four or five Leagues distant in twenty seven Degrees and fifteen Minutes Northern Latitude and about Noon came to an Anchor in ten Fathom Water gravelly Ground In the Night setting Sail again they ran the next day about Noon behind Campens Bay where they were forc'd to lie till Friday the twenty fourth by contrary Winds Tides and Calms Towards Night the Finch came also to an Anchor there Friday the twenty fourth the Ships went to Sea together and with a Nor-Nor-East Wind endeavor'd to sail Easterly but being driven back by the Tide they came to an Anchor in eight Fathom and had the North Point of the Island with Brests South-West and the old Zajer East and by North. At Night in the second Watch when the Tide was almost spent they weigh'd Anchor again and the next Evening rode in eight Fathom Water having the Chinese City Samzwa Nor-East and by East and the Isle Old Zayer Sou-Sou-East and Sou-East and by South and the Isle with Breasts Sou-Sou-West The City Samzwa seated on the hanging of a Mountain and planted round about with high Trees was ruin'd by the Tartars It boasts a safe Harbor for Ships to defend them from the Southern and Northern stormy Seasons The Hollanders going ashore here found one Pagode or Temple with divers Images about fifteen Leagues from Tinghay The twenty seventh the Point of Samzwa bearing Westward two Leagues from them they descry'd a white Cliff in the Sea about three Leagues from the Shore and three Isles in the East-Nor-East and by Observation found themselves at Noon to be in twenty seven Degrees and thirty nine Minutes Northern Latitude In the Evening Van Campen came to an Anchor with the Ankeveen Frigat in eleven Fathom Water gravelly Ground but the High-land and Meliskerk Frigats with the Loenen and Finch went behind the Isle of Good Hope Van Campen in the Night the Tide favoring him set Sail again and was follow'd by the Ankeveen Frigat onely the other four lying still behind the Isle without making the Reason thereof known The next day forc'd by Storm to come to an Anchor again in ten Fathom Water he was driven from two Anchors towards the seven Rocks a little Southward of Zwatia not without great danger of Shipwrack The City Zwatia lying in the mouth of a River near the Sea and also ruin'd by the Tartars is inhabited by mean and poor People which are very slow in rebuilding the same Opposite to the Nor-West side of the River lies a Village call'd Zwatho whither most of the Citizens fled it being not laid waste by the Tartars The first of Ianuary Van Campen concluded upon Advice of the Ships Council by force of a Storm out of the Nor-East and by East to set Sail again to get from the Shore so that he drove down Sou-West and by South to Brest-Island and in the afternoon came to an Anchor in the Bay behind Campens Point in nine Fathom The other Frigats and the Finch lay still at Anchor contrary to their Orders The third the Ankeveen Frigat commanded by Iacob Swart having been busied about getting his Anchors aboard came and rode by the Vice-Admiral The fourth in the afternoon they spied in the Sou-Sou-West between seventy and eighty Fisher-Jonks and other Vessels standing towards the North which they let all pass About the evening they stood to and again yet were got out of sight next Morning on which the Captain Auke Pieters was commanded to go ashore with fifty Men to gather Sallad-herbs and Potatoes to refresh their People The sixth in the Evening the four other Ships came to an Anchor near Van Campen having before lain behind the Isles Northward of the River Zwatia The eighth in the Morning they spied six Jonks fishing in the Sou-East and by East behind the Breast-Isle and in the afternoon two Ships in the Sou-East in the Bay of Pakka and also heard the Report of several Cannon shot from thence whereupon a Council being call'd Harmans Symonsz Commander of the High land Frigat was sent thither with Order That when he came to them he should fire five Guns one after another if he needed Van Campen's Assistance if not to fire none but come back to the Fleet. Against the Evening the High-land Frigat came to an Anchor South-West and by South three Leagues
must within three or four days advise the Emperor of because his Majesty and Council expected it And here again he warn'd him to take heed that all were truth for upon the least prevarication his Majesty and Council would be very much dissatisfi'd Upon which Hogenhoek assur'd the Vice-Roy that all was true which he had related Whereupon he departed and coming home in the afternoon he heard that the General Lipovi had on the Morrow invited him to be his Guest and also to tell him that the Letters were come from Court On Monday the twentieth Hogenhoek went with all his Train to the General Lipovi's House where he was Entertain'd with the like Discourse as he had with the Vice-Roy Mean while the Copy of the Letter which the Vice-Roy spoke of on the twenty fourth was sent to the Agent which being translated was to this effect To His Highness Singlamong YOur Letter We Lepous of the Council have receiv'd on the twenty fourth of the sixth Moon and in the third Year of Our Emperors Reign which We deliver'd and read to Him We have seen Your Letter and Request and understood that the Holland Admiral is gone with his Ships and hath left a Houbou or President and a Tonpin or Deputy in Fokien Your Highness writes also that You have deliver'd the Presents for the Dutch Admiral to their Agents he being gone before You writ also that the Admiral behav'd himself bravely having taken the Isles of Eymuy and Quemuy for which good Service His Majesty hath Presented him but he being subordinate to their King Maetzuiker who Commission'd him to our Assistance therefore he also must be Presented This Your Highness's Request We have acquainted the Emperor with We have all consider'd and made our Opinions known to His Majesty and approv'd of Your Higness's Proposal therefore We will Present the Ong of Batavia with two thousand Tail of Silver and with a hundred Pieces of Stuffs wrought with Gold and Silk We have already given order to Our Officers to make them up and prepare them for Transportation and one of Our Lepous with the Emperors Secretary to go with them to Fokien where they shall give the Silver and Stuffs to them if they be there but if not then to leave them with Your Highness till their Return We Lepous write this to Your Highness that You may know how to govern Your self accordingly Dated the fourth Year of Our Emperors Reign On Tuesday the twenty sixth Lipovi's Secretary with some Commissioners and Mandarins came to Visit Hogenhoek where after a Dish of Tee the Commissioners said They were come thither purposely to hear the Lord General of Batavia's Name and how he was styl'd because there was some difference in the Name and Titles of the Letters which were sent from thence to Canton 'T is true said he their Highness's Singlamong and Lipovi had already satisfi'd me but I must hear it from your own Mouth that I may the better render an account of it to his Imperial Majesty being therefore sent hither and that his great Master desir'd to know his true Title that he might address himself the better with Presents Hereupon the Agent drew a Letter out of his Pocket directed to him which contain'd the Lord Generals Title and Names as Hogenhoek had given them to Singlamong and Lipovi which was in these words Captain Moor of India Iohn Maetzuiker residing in Batavia but according to their manner of writing they had writ Captain Moor of India Maetzuiker Iohn writing his Sur-name first and his Christen-name afterwards Then one of the Commissioners from Peking said That Holland must needs be a fertile Countrey from whence so many good things come asking also some ordinary Questions as it is usual there which the Hollanders onely answer'd with a Smile whereupon the Agents and Mandarins taking their Leave went home On Wednesday being the twenty seventh Coxinga's Mother came with his Brother Sibya to Hoksieu who had submitted her self to the Tartars that Year before the Dutch Fleet came thither to desire their Excellencies to furnish them with Guides to go to Peking the Emperor having sent for them to come and live there for the prevention of further trouble and inconveniences The twenty eighth General Lipovi sent a Mandarin to Hogenhoek to tell him it would be necessary for him to conduct the Emperors Commissioners out of the City because they had taken so great a Journey for his Business and also to Present them with something that was handsom Whereupon Hogenhoek ask'd him if his Lord had not told him what he was best to Present to which he said With fifty or sixty Tail of Silver and when he deliver'd them to tell them That all his Goods were sold and that they would except of that Sum to buy Tobacco with on the Way Hereupon Hogenhoek making himself ready went to take Leave of the Agents and their Retinue taking with him sixty Tail of Silver viz. twenty five for the first Agent fifteen for the second seven for the Heralds and five for some of the Attendants Coming to them he presented the Money as he had put it up handsom in Papers in several Parcels which they receiv'd very thankfully with promises That when they came to Peking they would not fail to Serve the Hollanders in what they could possible whereupon Hogenhoek return'd to his Lodgings SInce the Province of Fokien and the Towns and Cities belonging to it have often been made mention of and hereafter will be more our Business seems here to require a brief Description thereof This Province one of the fifteen which make up China Paulus Venetus sets forth by the Name of Fugui taken from the Metropolis Focheu It borders the Sea from East to South in the South-west on Quantung West and Nor-West conterminates Kiangsi the remaining part from the North-west to the Northeast verges upon the Countrey of Chekiang This Province is the smallest in the Empire of China the Southermost part of it lies in twenty four Degrees and forty five Minutes extending to twenty eight Degrees and thirty Minutes Northern Latitude a Tract of sixty one German or two hundred forty four English Miles The Kingdom of Min or rather several Dominions over which the Free Lords call'd Min Commanded were antiently accounted into this Territory They divide it into eight Shires or Counties as we may call them whereof Focheusu the chief Cineucheufu Changcheufu Kienningfu Ienpingfu Tingcheufu Hinghoafu Xaounfu besides the small Colony of Foning every one hath several Towns and Cities to the number of fifty six belonging to them besides two fortifi'd Cities and many Castles and Strong-holds at the Sea-side The first County Focheufu borders Easterly at the Sea on the North at Foningfu and Kienningfu on the West upon Ienpingfu and the South looks upon Hinghoafu The Chinese Records tell us that this Countrey was first planted by a Family call'd Cheu and by them nam'd Min notwithstanding it did not then
before Noon saw several Priests Houses and Hamlets built on the hangings or declivings of the Mountains and in the Afternoon about four a Clock they came to Seghia and Siong two Villages opposite one to the other about two Leagues from Bokkay from whence passing on they arriv'd at another Watch-house call'd Soujong where they stay'd the following Night having with great danger gotten two Leagues and a half to the West The twenty eighth in the Morning they came between two great Towers about nine a Clock each standing on a Summit fronting the other on the side of the River behind which appears the City Iemping or Ienping or Ienpingsoe The Ambassador passing through the Bridge was by two Mandarins sent from the General of that Place call'd Sioubontok invited to Dinner to his Palace whither he went with some of his Attendants So soon as he came with his Barque to one of the City Gates he was kindly receiv'd by Sioubontok and nobly Entertain'd after the Chinese manner with variety of Dishes and several Entries of their Wayangs or Stage-plays No Discourse of any concern hapned here onely Sioubontok ask'd if the Netherlanders had Quelang and how many Men kept the Place Which the Ambassador answering according and taking his leave went in the Evening Aboard where they sound some fresh Provisions sent thither by the General 's Order consisting in Oxen Swine Hens Ducks and Herbs for which the Beaters receiv'd five Crowns of Silver and the Ambassador according to the Custom of the Countrey gave the Wayang Actors and also the Servants that attended him at the Table five Dollars apiece In the Evening Sioubontok came in Person Aboard and a little after the Governor of the City being a comely proper Man with a long Beard Habited after the Chinese manner in Mourning for a deceased Relation both welcoming the Ambassador and Haulavia the Mandarin that was sent with him as his Guide who would not come to Sioubontok's Feast though invited several times After the Netherlanders had given them a taste of their Spanish Wine and they view'd the Horses and Oxen and Sandal Wood that were to be presented to the Emperor they took their leave and walk'd to their several Houses in the Dusk of the Evening Sioubontok after his departure sent the Ambassador some Geese and six Picol of Rice After which he sent the Interpreter Maurice Iansz Vis to the General Sioubontok to enquire how the Netherlanders Business stood at Peking because Maurice was very familiar with him having been his Servant when he was a Prisoner amongst the Chineses Maurice at his coming back brought word from Sioubontok That the Netherlanders were in great esteem at Court and that he doubted not but they would obtain what ever they desir'd but there were some great Persons at Peking which they must seek to please and get their favor by which they need not doubt to have all their Requests granted Moreover he desir'd Maurice to entreat the Ambassador in his behalf that when the Emperor should chance to speak with him about the conquering of Tayowan which without doubt he would do that he would please to speak in his behalf that he might go with them to the subduing of the Place because he had a Wife and Children and several Goods there The twenty ninth in the Morning Sioubontok sent more fresh Provisions as Poultrey Swine Sallet Herbs and Provender for the Horses for all which the Secretary Vander Does went and presented him in the Ambassadors Name with a Fowling-piece a Pair of Pistols a Couple of Knives a Chain of Amber Beads one Piece of Amber weighing ten Ounces ten Dutch Ells of fine Cloth and likewise an Inventory of the Presents design'd for him which if he would not accept now he might receive them at the Ambassador's Return The Secretary was also commanded to desire Sioubontok to instruct the Netherlanders how they should carry themselves to the four Zoetaysings which he had spoken of to the Interpreter Maurice and likewise inform them of some other Lords that might assist them in their Business in Peking The Secretary at his Return related That he had shewn Sioubontok the Inventory of his Presents who said he would receive them with many thanks proffering moreover his Service to assist the Hollanders in what ever they pleas'd to desire of him After some Discourse the Secretary ask'd him concerning the four Zoetaysings or Great Men and what Lords they were best to address themselves to in Peking Whereupon commanding all his Attendants to avoid the Presence he reply'd That when the Netherlanders came to Peking they must endeavor to gain the four chief Councellors or Zoetaysings favor who during the Emperor's Minority were Guardians or Protectors of the Empire which was very easily be done if they did but employ some faithful Persons to intercede for them and in their Name Present them with Money and Gifts which they loved very well To which purpose that he might assist them he would send a Letter with them to Peking to a certain Mandarin which was in great Repute there and was formerly one of his Deputies who would on his Recommendation be very serviceable to them and that he had also Presented some prime Councellors each with a Negro Boy which were also his Friends and would aid the Hollanders in their Business They should not repose too much confidence in the Proffers of several Persons pretending to belong to the Court for many cunning Villains would come and perswade them to believe that they were such and such great Lords which they were not as he himself had found when there in Person therefore they ought to have a great care that their Followers were not talkative which might prove a great disadvantage to their Business but if they could get into the four Councellors of States favor they could but ask and have for what-ever they requested would certainly be granted them There are also said he several Officers belonging to the Councel to which he would recommend them and their Business Whereupon the Secretary taking his leave thanked him for his good advice and so went Aboard The Presents design'd for Sioubontok being brought to Land though not without some difficulty were by Captain Putmans carry'd to him who sent the Ambassador twenty Pieces of Stuff for the Clothing of his Retinue and some Fruits in return for them whereupon the Stuffs were immediately distributed amongst the Men. In the Afternoon Lunlakko the Interpreter brought the Ambassador from his Mandarin twelve Pieces of Chinese Boat-Silver to bear his Expences telling him it was by the Emperor's order and also that the Ambassador was at such Places to have twelve Condarins or fifteen Stuivers Nobel fourteen Condarins or twelve Stuivers Putmans twelve Condarins or ten Stuivers all which Money it was thought fit to refuse but because the Mandarins and Interpreters durst not receive it again saying That what the Emperor had commanded must be obey'd and if they would not
the Chineses with a general name call'd Che for there are several sorts of them and by the Indians Mambu which the Portuguese have turn'd to Bambu and the Netherlanders to Bamboes There also grows in most places all manner of Herbage and Grain and in the County of Kinhoafu many great Plums which they Transport to other parts In the seventh Shire being Chucheufu are many Woods and Wildernesses of Pine-Trees whence the Chineses have their Timber for the Building of Houses and Ships They say that near the City Sunghiang that is Earth of Pine there are such thick ones found that eighty Men cannot Fathom nay some whose hollow Wombs contain thirty or forty Men. In the County of Ninchufu their Hills produce store of Copper Mines In Kinhoafu they make the best Drink that is in all China of Rice and Water and in the same place are also the chiefest Gammons of Bacon which bear a great esteem through all the Empire There is likewise a sort of Gum in the Chinese Tongue call'd Cie or Cia and in the Portuguese Cairo which drops out of the Trees and is very like Turpentine the Chineses gather and colour it how they please the best bears a Gold colour and the next to that Black before it is quite dry it yields an infectious Smoak or Damp which causes a swelling in the Faces of those that are not us'd to it The curiosity and excellency of this shining Gum Europe hath long since been acquainted with by those Chests and Coffers brought thither out of Iapan and China for they both colour all their Wood-work over with it and also their Ships Houses Tables Bedsteds and other Houshold-stuff The Revenue which this Province pays yearly to the Emperor amounts to what may seem an incredible sum of Money viz. two hundred fifty one thousand two hundred ninety nine Bags of Rice three hundred and seventy thousand four hundred sixty six Pound of raw Silk two thousand five hundred seventy four Roles of Silk Stuffs seventy eight hundred thousand four hundred ninety one Bundles of Straw besides the ordinary Customs paid to the two Custom-Houses standing in the Metropolis Hangcheu First for the Merchandize in the North part of the City Secondly for the Wood in the South part for the Chineses use much Wood for the building of their Houses Ships Coffins and the like and the Wood-Merchants being vast rich People pay no small part of their gain to the Emperor Moreover this Province sends yearly four Imperial Ships call'd Lung-ychuen to the Emperors Court laden with Silk Clothes or Stuffs wrought after a peculiar manner These Silk Stuffs are interwove with Gold and Silver and also with the Pictures of the Bird call'd Funguang Dragons and the like None are permitted to wear these Stuffs but only the Emperor and those of Imperial Blood unless his Majesty out of a peculiar favor gives them leave and these badges of Clothes distinguish them from meaner People as much as our Badges of the Cross and Garter or the like be marks of Noble Orders There are those that reckon the yearly Revenue of this Province to amount to above fifteen Millions of Crowns fifteen hundred thousand Duckets or seven hundred and fifty thousand Pound Sterling BUt to return again to our Ambassador who proceeded on his Journey the twenty ninth of February travelling over the Mountains of Iakoling which because of their steep ascent make carriage difficult and dangerous On the tops and sides stood several Pagodes or Temples built after a strange manner and surrounded with Trees But at last leaving them behind they past through the Villages Sambathova Sagebatauw Longhia Longzango Poangtiou and Hachova where they were drawn upon a float of Canes over a River which divided Hachova into a Southern and Northern part in which last the Hollanders took their repose that Night having that day gained a League and a half to the North. The twenty fourth in the Morning leaving Hachova they travell'd the following part of the day through Kolontja Quanimg and Souzinhova and in the afternoon came to Pinhoea where Putmans Vander Does and the rest that travel'd before met the Ambassador and told him of their safe arrival there the day preceding and also that the Goods design'd for Presents were already Shipt in twenty seven Vessels and that others lay ready to take in him and the rest of the Goods Whereupon Van Hoorn was no sooner come into the Village before-mention'd but he gave order for all his Necessaries to be Shipt off immediately and likewise caus'd the Oxen to be Imbarqu'd that they might go forward on their Journey the next Morning The Horses were forc'd to go five Leagues further by Land because there wanted convenient Vessels to carry them The twenty sixth about Noon after all things were ready they set Sail from Puchoeu going North-East up the River Chang with a Fleet of about forty Vessels amongst which were ten that carry'd the Mandarins Guides About three a Clock they came to the City Tjanchia otherwise call'd Changxa and having Sunthia a pretty Village on their Larboard cast Anchor that Night about three quarters of a League from Tjanchia before a Sandy Plain having gain'd two Leagues that afternoon The twenty eighth in the Morning about Day-break they set Sail again and at nine a Clock Landed at the City Kitsjouw or Kutchieuw otherwise call'd Kiucheu here they chang'd their Vessels The first of March all the Goods were Ship'd again into other Vessels At Noon two private Persons of the City presented the Ambassador with some fresh Provisions in return for which they receiv'd six Ells of Gingerline colour'd Cloth which Putmans carry'd them for which they again in the Evening sent twelve Tail of ready Money and three Silver Cups but the Ambassadors modestly refus'd the Presents and thanking sent them back Kiucheu the sixth City of the Province Chekiang lying on the Eastern-Shore of the River Chang three days Journey by Land from the Territory Tiokien over steep and difficult Mountains seems pretty large yet but meanly Inhabited and of small Concourse and so having little or no Trade yet the Streets are handsomely Pav'd and all Provisions very cheap The second in the Morning they left Kiucheu and about nine a Clock pass'd by Sigajum a Village lying on the right side at the going up the River in a pleasant place surrounded with Arable Grounds The remaining part of the day they Sail'd by abundance of Villages standing along the River a little way up into the Countrey and in the Dusk of the Evening arriv'd at Loujujenne where they staid that Night having that Day gain'd five Leagues on several Courses From Loujujenne having gotten two Coelies to Tow every Barque they Weigh'd again the third in the Morning and coming a little way from the Village they saw a stately Tower built after the Chinese manner with jutting Stories The Countrey every where well Manur'd was also full of populous
a woodden Shutter which they let down and those that drive any Trade lay their Commodities upon them to sell and to prevent People from looking in they generally hang a Rush Mat before it in stead of a Glass Window The whole House on the out-side is from top to bottom Plaister'd with very white Mortar or Lime and the sloaping Roof cover'd with white Tyles In most of the Houses are Shops fill'd with all manner of Chinese Commodities as Cotton Silk-Stuffs Porcellane Pearls Diamonds and other rich Merchandises others also have Pedling Wares Before every Shop stands a Plank or Board and before some two on which the Master of the House his Name is written in Letters of Gold and what Commodities he hath to sell Next these Boards stands also a Post or rather a Pole which is higher than the House on which they put a Penon or Flag whereby they may distinguish every ones Habitation as here in Europe they do by Signs Here are also many fair Edifices as Temples stately Triumphal Arches Palaces and other publick Buildings There was formerly a very magnificent Palace built square being the Court and Residence of the ancient Chinese Emperors but now lies ruin'd on the South part of the City one side of it may still be measur'd and bears an Italian Mile and two hundred Paces in length and is inclos'd within the inner Wall which encompasseth the greatest part of the City It was formerly surrounded with three Walls and deep Moats According to the remaining part of this Wall the fore-mention'd Trigaut reckons the circumference to be four or five Italian Miles In the middle there yet appears a broad Way Pav'd with Free-Stone which runs through the whole Work like a Cross. On each side of it may be seen curious Carv'd Stones which stand four Foot high and behind them a little Rivulet of clear Water The Tyles on the Roof were of hard Stone wrought with Dragons and the Emperor's Arms Painted in a Gold colour so that when the Sun shin'd upon them they glitter'd like Gold In the last Tartar Wars this stately Edifice and Court was burnt and pull'd down to the Ground so turning that which before was the wonder of the World into a heap of Rubbish yet no other way bereaving the City of her ancient lustre which was done out of a peculiar hatred that the Tartar bore to the Taimingian Family because Hamvu or Che the first promoter of that Family drove the Tartars out of the Empire after they had possess'd it a hundred and eight years and planted the Branches of their own Stock in the Throne in this fore-mention'd Palace till such time as it was remov'd from thence to Peking The City is very populous and said to be inhabited by ten hundred thousand or a Million of Souls besides a Garison of forty thousand Tartars for the Governor of the Southern Provinces Resides here in the Emperor's Name But above all we ought not to forget a Tower built on a high Hill which may justly be call'd A Tower of Art because three artificial Pieces of Work are kept in it the like of which are not in the whole World The first a Celestial Globe distinguish'd by its Equinoctial and other equidistant Lines the second is an Armilla aquatoria consisting in a Perspective Glass with two Circles each movable upon their Point the third is a Sphaera armillarii very like our European every one of them hath twelve Feet upon the Aequator or middle Line made of Copper Gilt and curiously wrought They stand upon Dragons cut of Copper and are so exact and artificially made that the most experienc'd Astronomer cannot discern the least fault in them and notwithstanding the Tartars of the Family Iuen plac'd them there three hundred and seventy years since yet they retain their ancient lustre as if but newly made In the middle of the Plain to which they ascend by twelve Steps stands a high Tower of Porcelane which for costliness and all manner of rare workmanship hath not its paralell in all China It consists in nine though according to Semedo scarce in six Vaulted Stories to be ascended on the in-side by a hundred and four Steps Round about every Story is a Gallery curiously adorn'd with Images and Windows on both sides of which are square Holes for the Light to come in at with Ivory Bars all the Work on the out-side Polish'd or Glaz'd with divers Colours as Red Green and Yellow The whole Structure made of several Pieces so curiously Cemented together that it seems to be one intire thing Between the Galleries are Juttings out made like Pent-houses and colour'd with Green at each corner whereof hang small Copper Bells which mov'd by the Wind make a continual and pleasant tinkling The upper part of the Tower to which none can get unless they climb up the out-side is Crown'd as the Chineses say with a great Pine-Apple of Massy Gold from which upper Gallery they may see not onely over the whole City of Nanking but all the adjacent Plains as far as the Eye can reach They say that when the Tartars Anno 1200. first conquer'd the Empire of China they forc'd them to build this Structure in commemoration of their Victory for which reason as it appears the Tartars when in our Age they conquer'd the Empire a second time they never offer'd to deface it but let it stand in its full glory when as they pull'd down all other antient Monuments Buildings and Chinese Emperors Tombs to the Ground Without the Walls of the City are the Tombs of the antique Kings near which stands a Grove of lofty Pines surrounded with a Wall of three German Miles in circumference Within this Inclosure also appears a Hill whereon likewise are erected several Tombs and not far distant a most magnificent Temple a Royal Building as well for its Prospect as State It consists for the most part of Wood except the Walls which are of Brick and stands on a Summit inviron'd with Free-Stone you go into it by four pair of Stairs opening to the sour Winds It hath five Galleries about which stand two Rows of wooden Pillars each thirty six Foot high and above two Fathom thick On these rest great Pieces of cross Timber and on them stand other lesser Pillars whereon lies the Roof of Carv'd and Gilt Boards The Doors are Figur'd with Laurel Leaves and cover'd with Gilded Plates The Imagery of the outer Galleries and Windows are incircled with Gilded Wyres to keep the Birds from either making their Nests or defiling them yet the Wyres are so thin and wide that they may easily see through which is also observ'd in all great Buildings especially the Emperor's Palaces In the middle of the Temple stand two Thrones wrought with great Art and beset with Pearls and all manner of Precious Gems on them stand two Chairs in one of which the Emperor sits when he makes Offerings to do which none
in the Morning going on farther and passing through the Village Laytschem they arriv'd at Luesinga in the Evening where dropping Anchor they stay'd all Night to get fresh Coelies to Tow their Vessels with which they came that day but three Leagues because of the slow progress of the Emperor's Barques The fourth leaving Luesinga they came after they had been Tow'd through the Village call'd Sucouw to the City Tanyang in the Afternoon Sailing along the Walls thereof to the East Suburb where they stay'd that Night to get new Coelies having that day Sail'd and been Tow'd in a Northerly Course three Leagues The fifth in the Morning they set forth again with fresh Coelies and leaving the City Tanyang pass'd by a Lake which by three Sluces empties her Waters into this Channel In the Afternoon they came to a little Village call'd Hongunpek where they spent some time in resting themselves being much tir'd by slippery Ways and the Wind being against the Vessels whose high building had the greater force of them So soon as they had eaten they went away again and in the Evening arriv'd at the Village Singfon where they were forced by tempestuous Weather to drop Anchor having that day by several Courses been Tow'd two Leagues and a half The sixth in the Morning leaving Singhfon they saw several Stone Ovens about Noon passing by the Walls of the City Sinkiang or Chinkiang they dropt Anchor at the North Suburb to make preparation for their going up the Nanking Stream or River Kiang and likewise as their Mandarine Guides said to exchange some Barques having this day been Tow'd about two Leagues The seventh in the Morning several Tartar Mandarins came to Complement the Ambassador and bid him welcom whilst he entertain'd them with a Glass of Wine One of them after his departure sent the the Ambassador a Porker a Goat and some Fruit which he thankfully receiv'd and in return sent him some counterfeit Pearls which he would else have bought The Ambassador was also by a Mandarin invited to Dinner with the Governor of that Place whither he went in the Afternoon another Mandarin coming from the foremention'd Governor with Horses to fetch him with Putmans the Secretary and all his Retinue except Nobel who could not go because of his indisposition and coming to the Governor they were courteously receiv'd and welcom'd This Lord gaz'd so exceedingly upon the Netherland Ambassador and his Retinue that he forgot his Eating and Drinking by which means also no Discourse hapned amongst them of any remark so that the Netherlanders after a civil Entertainment took their leave In the Evening the Interpreters Ienko and Liulako came to tell the Ambassador that they had a second time been sent for to the fore-mention'd Governor who ask'd them for the number and quality of the Emperor's Presents which as far as they knew they had given him an account of in Writing whereat he was exceedingly amaz'd saying That without doubt they would be very acceptable Moreover he ask'd them if the Ambassador had no Blood-Coral Pistols Sword-blades counterfeit Pearls and the like because he would willingly buy some of them and therefore desir'd that they would please to speak to the Ambassador Which being consider'd by the Netherlanders and observ'd that this was a Tartar and a Man of great Quality who in and about the City bore the Command over a great number of Soldiers and that he might do much for their advantage at Peking they judg'd it convenient in the Morning to send and present him with five Ells and a half of Stammel five of Sky-colour'd Cloth a Perspective Glass two Pieces of Linnen one String of Amber Beads and some counterfeit Pearls and with them were sent a Complementing Letter to this effect THe Ambassador is extreamly satisfi'd with and oblig'd for Talavja's or his Lordships Civilities and desires him to accept of these small Gifts as a token of Friendship and in so doing will farther oblige the Hollanders Captain Putmans was order'd to carry the Governor the fore-mention'd Presents and Letter that Morning but saw him come early Riding towards the Barques so that it was thought fit to stay till his Return Mean while the Ambassador's Son went with the Pilot and Interpreter Maurice a Fowling on the Banks of the River Kiang The Governor returning in the Afternoon came with four of his chiefest Lords to see the Oxen and Horses and also to visit the Ambassador protesting he could not avoid waiting on him being so much pleas'd with his Conversation Whereupon the Ambassador call'd for his Musick with the pleasure of which he seem'd even ravish'd After which being entertain'd with Spanish Wine and Sweet-meats he departed The Gifts design'd for the Governor were now ready to be presented but he modestly refus'd them saying He could not accept of them as yet giving him many thanks in the mean time Then asking Genko and Liulako the Interpreters who were there present if the Geueral of Hanksieu and Conbon of Seucheu had receiv'd any Presents of the Ambassador To which they answer'd That the General of Hanksieu had not but the Conbon of Sucheu was pleas'd to cull out a couple of Swords Whereupon he a second time refus'd the Gifts but adding That if any Swords had been mention'd in the Note he would have been glad of them Wherefore the Ambassador after his departure chose a Sword from a peculiar Parcel for they had but few and in stead of a Pistol of which also they had no great store for all the enquiring was for those two sorts of Arms added a Carbine to the Presents Which done Putmans went a second time to the Governor with them The Swords Carbine Sky-colour'd Cloth and counterfeit Pearl he receiv'd but the rest he sent back when several of the Generals Children coming to see the Ambassador in his Barque were in respect to their Parents presented with Amber Necklaces and other Trifles After the Netherlanders had stay'd till towards the Evening waiting for Vessels to Ferry them over the River Kiang for there were none but a great Boat which the Mandarin Guide Hiulavja kept for himself under pretence that that which he came in was grown leaky they went with all their Vessels to the Mouth of the Haven before a Pagode where they stay'd all that Night whilst the Guide Mandarins offer'd a Goat and a Swine to their Deity before which as they say they durst not Sail up the River The chiefest of them went into the Pagode or Temple carrying the slain Sacrifice to lay it on the Altar when the Priest at their approach fell devoutly upon his Knees and began to Mutter and Pray to himself In the Temple being Painted Red hung several Lamps which burnt Night and Day for the Deceas'd Souls On one side of the Altar stood a Trough wherein they laid the Victim and on the other a Rush Box with small pieces of Canes which were the Sortes or Lots cast by
Westward of which the Countrey lay all drown'd In the Afternoon they arriv'd at Kayoven or Kaoyeu the fourth City of Note next Hangcheu where they were forc'd to stay because their Coelies could not pass the Ways being so deep by continual falling of Rain The City Kaoyeu lieth on the East-side of this Channel on the brinks of the Lake Piexe which supplies the Stream with Water Formerly all the Ships that would go from Nanking and the other Southern Territories along the River Kiang and this Channel up to Peking and so to the Northern Province were forc'd to cross the foremention'd Lake to their great hinderance and inconveniency being in Stormy Weather many times compell'd to stay at Kaoyeu for fair Weather But in process of time to prevent this trouble and that at all times the Ships might proceed on their Journey and not be necessitated to cross the Lake a broad Channel was digg'd of seventy Furlongs on the East-side of it and Wharff'd or Inclos'd on each side with Free-stone The City stands on a Clay Ground the same with the adjacent Countrey very good for Rice which they have there in abundance The Countrey to the West of this Channel lies most under Water yet produceth abundance of Canes which serve for Fuel for no other Wood grows here The fourteenth in the Morning they set Sail with a stiff Gale of Wind out of the North-North-East from the South Suburb of Kayoven and for a quarter of a League they had the City on their Starboard and the Lake on their Larboard till they were past the North Suburb then Steering a Northerly Course up the Royal Channel they left the foremention'd Lake on their Larboard Between this Lake and the Channel is only a narrow Bank of three Foot high which separates the one from the other On their left Hand the Countrey lay all under Water yet in some places stood a few small Huts dry being the Residence of Countrey People In the Afternoon they past by the Village Loantsia which lay on their Starboard here the Countrey on the East-side began to shew somewhat pleasanter being Till'd in several places In the Evening they Anchor'd at a Village call'd Kuisjo The fifteenth in the Morning leaving Kuisjo they past by Laensui and Loujapou and in the Afternoon Landed at Paoing the sixth City of Note under the seventh Metropolis Yangsheu it lieth on the East-side of this Channel and is surrounded with strong Walls about a League and a half in Circumference On the North-side of the City stands a fair Temple neatly built after the Chinese manner Here they staid sometime waiting for fresh Coelies which having gotten they went farther and in the Evening arriv'd at Kinho where they staid all Night having that day by several Courses gain'd five Leagues Between the City Paoing and the Village Kinho the Bank Westward of the Channel which separates that and the Lake Piexe is broken in several places through which the Water rushes with such a force out of the Channel into the Lake that they had great labor to keep the Vessels from falling there into The sixteenth about Day-break proceeding on their Journey they past through and by many Villages and Hamlets lying on each side of the Channel and about Noon arriv'd at the West Gate of the City Hoaigan having by Noon been Tow'd and Sail'd three Leagues and a half in a Northerly Course Here as the Mandarin Guides told them all their Vessels in which they came were to be chang'd whereupon they immediately apply'd themselves to the Commissary of that place that they might be dispatch'd with what speed possible No sooner were they come to an Anchor with all their Barques but there also Landed the Masters of the Haven of Hanksieu which on the last of March went from Sucheu with the Ambassador's Letter to the General which Letter they said they had safely deliver'd Their business for which they came thither was to fetch back the four Hanksieu Jonks which were yet amongst the Fleet. Some Mandarins also came to Complement and bid the Ambassador Welcome in the name of the Governor of that place for which Civility they were Entertain'd with two or three Glasses of Spanish Wine In the Night there arose a great Storm out of the North mixt with Thunder and Lightning which continu'd all the next day The eighteenth the foremention'd Governor invited the Ambassador and his whole Retinue to a Feast in a great House at the West-Gate of the City before which they lay with their Vessels whither they accordingly went about Noon and were no sooner come there but they were brought to the Governor's Presence who kindly Congratulated the Ambassador's Arrival and Health After some other Complements were past every one was plac'd at a peculiar Table and plentifully serv'd Among their Table-talk at Dinner the Governor ask'd What the Ambassador thought of China and if it was not a great Countrey Who reply'd Yes Sir not only a great but a very fair Countrey full of Fertile Grounds and Delightful Objects Then he began to Discourse with the Guide Mandarins which were there present about the Vessels Wherefore the Ambassador desir'd the Governor being inform'd before that there were few Barques to be had there that since he was come so far with the Emperor's Presents having never wanted any Conveniencies that he would be pleas'd to take care to procure them good Vessels so soon as possible because he was yet to go the most dangerous part of the way having already spent so long a time in their Journey All which this Lord promis'd and excusing the meanness of the present Treat hoping when they came back from Peking to be provided for their better Entertainment On which Van Hoorn proffer'd to Present him with a parting Cup of Spanish Wine which he modestly refusing would not suffer Thus the Netherlanders taking their leaves and departing to their several Barques two Mandarins came to them which had whilst the Netherlanders were Entertain'd at the foremention'd Lords sate just over against them to ask in the Governor's Name if their Entertainment had pleas'd them whereupon the Ambassador in respect to their Master Presented each of them with five Ells and a half of Red Cloth which after some Complements they accepted The nineteenth in the Morning according to the usual Custom the Secretary Vander Does went with a Complementing Letter to the Commissary and to Thank him for his kind Entertainment The Contents were these THe Ambassador so highly esteems Talavja's Civility that he cannot express his Thankfulness in these few Lines but at his return from Peking He hopes to find Him in good Health when he will manifest and confess himself much oblig'd by his Lordships Favors The Ambassador was inform'd by the Mandarin Guides that notwithstanding the Commissary had promis'd Yesterday that he would take care to provide Vessels for his farther Journey The Touwatja had said That there were none to be
had therefore the Secretary was commanded that when he came to the Commissary to desire him a second time to assist them that they might depart with all speed and then to go from thence to Touwatja and ask him if any Vessels were to be had and if he answer'd no he should acquaint him that they would hire Vessels themselves for they could wait no longer and if he reply'd there were then to desire him that they might be sent to them that very day The Secretary at his return inform'd that he had been at the Commissary's House but could not be admitted to speak with him but that he had given the Letter and whatever else he had to say to his Servant who presenting it to his Master brought answer That his Lordship thanked the Ambassador for his kind Wishes as to what concern'd the Vessels he knew no otherwise but that the Ambassador was already furnish'd but since they were not he would immediately send to the Touwatja and Order him to procure them which if he did not do he would complain to the Emperor of his neglect The Secretary had also been with the Touwatja and enquir'd of him concerning the Barques To which he was answer'd That there were Vessels enough but they lay at Sinkianso a Village at least three Leagues from thence and that he would send some of his Men thither with the Guide Mandarins to look upon them and if they were Equipt and Tight to hire them But because the Ambassador suppos'd the Guides Mandarins not to be very expert in Naval business he sent his Secretary with them who returning in the Evening brought word That he had chose two convenient Barques for the purpose which Touwatja had promis'd to hire but he could find none to carry the Horses Oxen and their Persons therefore the Touwatja believ'd it convenient that the Ambassador and Nobel should remain in those Barques which brought them thither and go up farther in them and the Touwatja would satisfie the Owners of them for it and also furnish them with all other Necessaries for their Journey As for Barques to carry the Horses he would send for them from the other side of the Yellow River which with the two Barques that the Secretary had chosen would be there the next Morning to which purpose Lakka the Interpreter was left there that he might come down with them The twentieth in the Morning the Mandarins which the day before had been Presented with five Ells and a half of Red Cloth came in return to Present the Ambassador with two Cowes two Sheep six Ducks six Hens four Steans of Chinese Drink seven Pieces of Silk Stuffs and two Silver Cups The Provisions were kindly accepted of but the Silver Cups and Silk Stuffs he return'd In the Afternoon the Interpreter Lakka came back without any Barques from the Village Sinkiansoe with news that the Touwatja's People wrangled and would not agree with the Owner of the two Barques which the Secretary had chosen offering them less than their Fare whereupon Nobel went immediately to the Touwatja to ask him a second time What he intended to do about the Barques and withal tell him That he if he did not suddenly provide them with Barques they would go and hire some themselves or else go away with them in which they were Nobel at his return brought the Touwatja along with him who excus'd himself that he could not yet provide Vessels for them and desir'd that the Ambassador would please to have patience till the next Morning against which he would send to all places and if he could find none they might remain in those wherein they were and so go on in them at least two days after The next day being the one and twentieth no likelihood of any preparation appearing Van Hoorn judg'd it convenient to write to the Governor to this effect THe Vice-Roy Singlamong hath earnestly desir'd that the Ambassador should hasten his Journey to Peking because the Lipous were somewhat dissatisfi'd at his long stay now the Ambassador hath already been three Moneths from Fokien The Horses Oxen and other Goods of the Chinkon are subject to hurt and may suffer in their Transporting And because the Emperor's Favor is concern'd in this Chinkon the Ambassador desires that his Lordship would please to give Order for the speedy procuring of Vessels for the Chinkon to go up to Peking or that the Ambassador himself may hire because he can neither well answer his long stay to the Emperor nor his Master the Lord Maetzuiker in Batavia To this Letter carry'd by Putmans the Governor answer'd THat he had just cause to complain also that he himself had sent some Barges and that he would take further care to accommodate the Ambassador so soon as it was possible In the Evening the Touwatja came again to the Ambassador to promise and assure him that he should be provided the next Morning for his Journey and therefore intreated his patience till then To which Van Hoorn answer'd That if he perform'd his promise he would take it kindly The two and twentieth the Mandarin Guides came to tell the Ambassador that the Vessels were come to take in the Horses and Oxen and that the Shipwrights were busie in mending and repairing the Decks The Commissary having sent them as his own and likewise a great Boat to put the Presents in out of those Vessels which were not in condition to go further The Netherlanders immediately going to see the foremention'd Barges and finding them to be pretty good they immediately gave order for the removing of them into those Vessels and so all things being ready they left the City Haoigan with seven Vessels which carry'd their Goods and Persons besides eight more for the Mandarins and Interpreters Coming beyond the North Suburb of Haoigan the Governor of the City who was there busie receiving the Emperor's Customs and Tribute Drank to the Netherlanders good Voyage in a Cup of Bean-Broth which he sent Aboard by his own Servants for which as they pass'd by him they return'd him many thanks and gratifi'd the Servants with two Rix-Dollars Haoigan the eighth City of prime remark in the Province of Nanking lieth on the East side of the Channel on a Plain being all a Morass not far from the Sea and in the North near the Yellow River It is but one City yet consisting of two Parts both which are inclos'd within one Wall that which lies to the South is properly call'd Haoigan and that to the North-East Yenching It is enlarg'd by a Suburb which on each side of the Channel extends it self above a League In this City the Vice-Roy of that Province hath his Residence who takes care as Purveyor for the Emperor 's Annual Provisions and Commands with arbitrary Power over the Southern Provinces His Office is to send for Provisions and other Necessaries from the adjacent Countrey which in an incredible number of the Emperor's Jonks are sent from
Village where the Channel call'd Iun takes its beginning and discharges its Waters through a Sluce viz. This Channel Iun begins on the Northern Borders of the Province of Peking in the Territory Hoaiganfu Northward from the City Socien on the North side of the Yellow River out of which the Ships that go to all Places in the Northern part of the Empire are brought into the Channel Iun which spreads it self North-West from thence through the second County Iencheufu in the Province of Xantung to the City Cining Southward of the Lake Nanyang then through those of Tungchunfu and through the Nanyang and lastly at the end of that Territory it disembogues in the River Guei which separates the Provinces of Xantung and Peking But because this Channel in many Places is too shallow for Vessels of Burthen there are above twenty Sluces which they call Tungoa built artificially with Stone every Sluce hath a large Water-gate which is open'd when any small Boats or Vessels are to pass and strongly barr'd up with Posts and Planks to keep up the Water These fore-mention'd Gates are open'd with an Engine or Wheel-work with little trouble to let the Water through and so from one to another till they have past through like the Sluces at our new River at Guilford But half way before they come to the City Cining they let as much Water out of the Lake Usianghoe or Can through a very great Water-gate as they have occasion for them locking it again that the Lake may not be quite exhausted When the Ships come to the Lake Chang they cross it not but go with greater ease along a Channel made near the side and Confin'd with two broad Banks At every Water-gate are People which for small consideration pull the Vessels through with Ropes In this manner the Ships go out of the Yellow River to Peking Certainly if the European Builders or Layers of Water-courses did come along this Channel Iun and behold the thickness and heighth of the Banks on both sides and the stately Water-gates which are also of Free-Stone or the firmness of the Work they would justly admire the Contrivance and Art of the Chineses in this their way of Aqueduct not to be paralell'd by the prime Pieces of the best Masters in Europe After all the Boats were Tow'd through the fore-mention'd Water-gates they Sail'd up the Channel Iun in a Northerly Course with a fair Wind by the Villages Mochoctan and Uwtaotchou the first on the West and the last on the East side of the Channel and in the Evening came to Maulovao on the Western Shore having this day wrought out six Leagues and a half Here they they were forc'd to exchange their Coelies because the other that came from Sinsing a Place two Leagues and a half distance from thence had gone their Stage Van Hoorn no way satisfi'd with these delays told the Mandarin Guides that they ought to have sent Coelies before that they might have been ready against his coming thither and then rehearsed the long time which he had already spent when as they might have finish'd their Journey in six Weeks all which said he you can scarce answer in Peking if the Emperor's Presents should be any ways damnifi'd which they are subject to The thirtieth at Noon no Coelies coming they went with some Soldiers into the Countrey to Press some of the Rusticks which was done so leisurely that it was almost Night before they got from Maulovao and Sail'd the whole Night though with a slow pace because their Vessels often rak'd upon the Sand. In the Morning the first of May they past by Kiakio and Sankomiao two decay'd Villages on the East side of the Channel somewhat up into the Countrey and about Noon pass'd by Thoetsuang beyond which they lay still a little while till their Toers had Din'd Then going on again they arriv'd in the Evening at a small Village call'd Sjousincha and Anchor'd before a Water-gate having since the last Night gain'd six Leagues in several Courses The second in the Morning about nine a Clock they pass'd through the Water-gate before which they lay the Night before being hindred there by a strong North-West Wind. In the Afternoon coming to Twansingiao they again lay before one of the Water-gates till the Wind was something abated Whilst they lay there one of the Emperor's Barques laden with Tributary Goods just to the Northward of the Village was accidentally set on fire but soon quenched onely burning her Stern and very little of her Lading Towards Evening they pass'd the fore-mention'd Water-gate and Sail'd in the Moon-shine through Singhjamiao and its Water-gates and about Midnight Anchor'd before Wansensua having that day gain'd but a League and a half About day-light they got through the fore-mention'd Sluce and at Noon arriv'd at Milanchia where they were to pass another but because the Wind blew very hard they cast Anchor before it This Village of Milanchia separates the Province of Nanking from that of Xantung being seated on their Borders Against the Evening the Weather growing more calm they went with their Vessels through the Water-gate beyond the Village at the end of which they stay'd having the whole day not gain'd above three quarters of a League and pass'd out of the Province of Nanking into that of Xantung The Province of Xantung being the fourth of the Northern verges South-East and North with the Sea and on the West side surrounded with Rivers in the North it borders upon the Province of Peking in the South on that of Nanking from which separated by the Yellow River The remainder thereof lies inclos'd within the Rivers of Iun and Guei The fourth in the Morning weighing again they pass'd through Tsingchia and Hanghsuansa and also through two Water-gates To the Westward or behind this Village a great Lake by the Chineses call'd Yzianghoe takes its beginning and through two Sluces discharges Waters into those of Iun. In the Evening though late they came to the Village Tzizang where they stay'd all Night being got three Leagues and a half farther in several Courses that day The fifth about Day-break they went forward and about Noon reach'd Iaixinho or Iaxhinno a little Town consisting of thirty six Houses all built like Forts or defensive Towers Here they stay'd some time for fresh Coelies who being come they weighed again and first pass'd through a Water-gate lying in the fore-mention'd Iaixinho afterwards through Tsonoiacha and two Water-gates more In the Evening they arriv'd at Maaliaeao where they stay'd all Night having gain'd four Leagues that day Here as before began to appear a Lake on the East side of the Channel The Countrey to the Hills seeming to lie thereabouts under Water The sixth in the Morning before day setting forward again they pass'd through ten Flood-gates and also by and through Tsouteucha and Naeyang Loutchiajeen Tongnang-fong Tsiongiaceen Chinkio Sinchia Tsoufee and Sohousum In the Evening they arriv'd at
Interpreters came aboard to tell the Ambassador That they could not speak with his Excellency that Evening he being gone to sleep before they came but they would go to him early the next Morning as accordingly they did desiring to know of the Ambassador what time he might wait upon him But returning they brought word That his Excellency durst not permit it because he had not yet had Audience from the Emperor Mean time his Highness Sail'd by the Netherlanders accompany'd with twenty great Barges The City Gioechioe is a Ruin'd place bury'd almost in heaps of Rubbish occasion'd by the last War After they had gotten Coelies they left that City though with slow advance because the River notwithstanding the Wind was good in many places as they had seen the day before was full of dry Sands yet at last passing by Sanghkiatwangh they could because of the Night coming on get no further than Wanghiapan where they came to an Anchor having notwithstanding they had a good Wind Sail'd but two Leagues and a little more The fifteenth in the Morning they Weigh'd again and with Sailing and Towing past by Ponsinghou and Googothien and in the Afternoon arriv'd at Goechin where they staid all Night having this day gain'd three Leagues About half a League from Goechin lies the City Goeycen North-West into the Countrey which appear'd but little to the Netherlanders for they did not put in to it but seem'd rather like a large Castle than a City A little before they arriv'd at Goechien a grand Mandarin a Tartar as it was said Nephew to the present Emperor came to Complement and Visit the Ambassador in his Barge where he was entertain'd with a Glass of Spanish Wine which having drank and seen the Horses he took his leave The sixteenth leaving Goechien they proceeded on their Journey and pass'd by many Houses built on both sides of the River and also by some Villages as Kongidieen t' Santan Nainaimeao Iaumeao and Xantiento the Suburb of Sangsinghwey and in the Evening arriv'd on the East side of the same City before a great Plain lying between the City Walls and the River having this day Sail'd three Leagues Here they were to lie because the River being in a manner dry they could get no higher till the Emperors Order came to unlade the Presents and go with them by Land to Peking which was four Leagues distance The seventeenth nothing happen'd of remark The eighteenth several Mandarins came to Visit and Welcom the Ambassador and likewise that Mandarin which was with him on the fifteenth which was said to be the Emperors Nephew who gave the Ambassador two Sheep for a Fire-Lock which he much desir'd Amongst other Discourses Van Hoorn ask'd this Lord If no other Ambassadors from any other place were in Peking To which he answer'd None but some from the Corean Isles which were shortly to return There happen'd little of note here only the Mandarin Guide came to acquaint the Ambassador that the next Morning Carts and Coelies would come to carry the Goods to Peking and that one of the Lipous would be at a Town call'd Tonghsieuw four Leagues from thence to receive the Ambassador in the Emperor's Name and conduct him to Peking The next Morning being the nineteenth many Carts Coelies and Horses came to fetch the Presents with all the Persons belonging to the Embassy and their Goods to Peking by Land whereupon the Ambassador gave immediate Order for the unlading of them in which they spent all the Morning The Ambassador gave the Barge-men though every one apart which came with him and his Retinue from Sucheu and Hoaigan eighty six Tail of Silver with which they were very well contented About Noon the Netherlanders set forward on their Journey to Tongsieuw with the Presents and their other Goods which were guarded by some Troopers and between a concourse of thousands of Townsmen Rusticks Women and Children About three a Clock coming to Tongsieuw all the Goods were put into an old decay'd House where the Netherlanders also Lodg'd but found small conveniencies The twentieth setting forth by Day-light and having Rid thorow Palikua Swango and Kapucheen they came within half a League of Peking where they were Welcom'd by one of the Lipous call'd Liu Lavja a Native Tartar who kindly receiv'd them and after some Complements conducted them to the City which they enter'd just about Noon in good order Coming within the Gates of Peking they thank'd God for his Mercy in bringing them so great a Journey all in good Health being a Way of many Leagues in which they had spent six Moneths Travelling both by Water and Land by and thorow thirty seven Cities three hundred thirty five Villages and thirty four Temples They were led by the Emperors Palace to the Tartars or Prime Chancellors Court standing behind the Emperors where all his Imperial Majesties Presents according to order were to be left and then the Hollanders to go to their Lodgings prepar'd for them The Streets through which they pass'd swarm'd with People thousands standing on each side of the way which made so great a Dust to which inconveniency the Streets in Peking are very subject that they could scarcely see wherefore they were bid to sit down under the Gate or entrance of the Court from amongst the croud of the People which by thousands stood before it there to stay for the Presents which were left somewhat behind in their Riding through the City Having staid about a quarter of an Hour under the Gate and drank a Cup of Tee the Goods came whereupon the Hollanders were led into a Chamber leaving Putmans and some of the Retinue to look to and separate the Emperors Presents from the other The Ambassador and Nobel with the rest coming into the Chamber they found some Secretaries sitting on a Table which pointed to Van Hoorn to sit on the Floor but he said he could better stand which they observing bid him sit on the same Table where they sat which he accordingly did Then the foremention'd Secretaries began to ask the Ambassador by Order of the Lipous the following Questions viz. Concerning his Quality From whence the Horses and Oxen came How old they were and how many Miles every Horse could go in a Day To all which Questions he gave them fitting answers They likewise ask'd who was the chief in Quality Whether the Ambassadors Son or Nobel because the General of Hoksieu had plac'd the Ambassadors Son first To which was answer'd That the Lord Van Hoorn's Son was according to the Lord Generals Order in Batavia to have the upper place besides many other frivolous Questions not worthy rehearsal Mean while the Lipou which had fetch'd in the Netherlanders came to bring them some Meat dress'd after the Chinese manner which they kindly accepted of having eaten nothing all that day before Putmans also came to tell the Ambassador that after the Netherlanders had taken nineteen Chests with
and the Looking-glasses in return of which he sent one Hog one Pikol of Meal and Rice and a parcel of Fruit of which the Ambassador accepted only the Fruit and sent back the rest yet the civility of their offer avail'd so much that the Hollanders were permitted to pass by the Custom-house and in the Afternoon Sailing by the City Ianchefoe arriv'd at Quasui A Captain who had the Command over a thousand Men in this City and had Presented the Ambassador with some Provision came to bid him Welcome for which Civility he receiv'd five Ells of Stammel The one and twentieth in the Morning leaving the City of Sinksianfoe they Sail'd along the outside of it where they saw abundance of Jonks and Cojas as at Ianchufoe which were newly repair'd of which the Netherlanders asking the reason receiv'd answer that it was customary for all Towns to repair their Vessels once in three years In the Evening they arriv'd at Tayanchcheen where casting Anchor for that Night they Weigh'd again the next Morning being the two and twentieth Upon the way the Ambassador was inform'd by some Barge-men that came from Suchu that the Vice-Roy Singlamong was arriv'd there with his Train to go from thence up to Peking In the Afternoon they reach'd the City of Yanghsu and the next day Anchor'd at the City of Uchinopeen and on the twenty fourth at Xuciquan a Village two Leagues from Suchu before a Custom-house where they lay all Night The next Morning passing the Boome they arriv'd in the Afternoon at the City of Suchu where two Blacks belonging to the Vice-Roy Singlamong's two Sons came aboard the Ambassador to tell him that their Masters were a Month since gone by Land to Peking and that they follow'd with their Goods adding moreover that Singlamong was yet in Hoksieu and was to remain there so that the Barge-mens relation prov'd false In the Afternoon about three a Clock they arriv'd at the West-gate of the City of Suchu Here the Hollanders were met by two Conjurers one a Man and the other a Woman both in handsom Apparel of which there are great numbers in all parts of China that for a small reward proffer their Service to foretel all future Events and procure a good Wind they also came to the Netherlanders to put their Art in practice to hasten or shorten their Journey but they not approving of such Magical assistance sent them away with a small Gift This Conjuring is at large describ'd in the following Description of the Empire of China The Governor of this place came to visit the Ambassador and Present him and the chiefest of his Retinue as Nobel and Putmans with a well-tasted Liquor for which he receiv'd some Ells of Stammel Divers sorts of Liquors made of Rice are drank by the Chineses In the fifth Territory Fuencheufu in the Province of Xensi is a very pleasant Drink and not inferior to either French or Rennish Wine being made of Rice and Kids flesh which last being bruis'd is laid to soke in the Juyce of the Rice This Liquor is highly esteem'd by the Chineses being strong of operation and of a sweet and pleasing taste to the Palate In the fifth County Hinhoa of the Province of Chekiang they boyl the best Liquor in all China of Rice and Water The six and twentieth in the Morning the Netherlanders left the great City Suchu with a fair Wind and came that Evening to the South Suburb of Ukiajeen which City is neatly built and though not very big yet it is surrounded with strong Walls The Inhabitants thereof maintain themselves with Merchandizing and Husbandry In the Morning setting Sail from thence and having got about three Leagues and a half farther they were forc'd the Evening coming suddenly upon them to make to their Harbor The twenty eighth in the Morning they set Sail again from thence and in the Afternoon past by Kiangfoe where they went out of the Province of Nanking into that of Chekiang and in the Evening arriv'd at a Village call'd Sinning The twenty ninth Weighing again they had in sight the City of Ukiajeen which having past in the Evening they rested at Tangheg The thirtieth they came to the North-Suburb of Hanksieu before a Custom-house where the Channel being shut up by a Gate under a Bridge the Ambassador sent to desire that it might be open'd and the Barques suffer'd to go through but the Watch-men answer'd That they must first have order from the Poutsjensy or the Emperor's Farmer so that the Secretary Vander Does was sent to the Governor and Conbon at Hanksieu with a Letter in which the Ambassador desir'd to be speedily dispatch'd and if their Highnesses pleas'd he would come to Complement them Moreover the Secretary was Commanded to ask them If their Highnesses would permit the Ambassador to come and speak with them and bring those Presents of which their Highnesses had receiv'd the Inventory at their Journey up to Peking In the Morning the first of October the Gate being open'd the Ambassador went through with his whole Retinue Soon after the Secretary coming aboard again related That he had been at the Generals the last Night but could not be admitted to Audience To the Letter which he sent him by his Clerk he had return'd answer That he would send a Mandarin early the next Morning to let the Ambassador through the Gate and withal conduct him to his House but it being too late for the Secretary to go to the Conbon that Night he went thither the next Morning to deliver his Highness the Ambassador's Letter and met him as he was coming out of his Court-gate to Complement a great Lord which the day before came thither from Hoksieu and receiv'd in answer that his Highness humbly thank'd the Ambassador for his Civility and that he would expect him Mean while the Vessels went so far into the Suburb that they came to Anchor against a Bank The second the Toya of that place came to Welcom the Ambassador in his Vessel The third nothing happen'd of remark The fourth all the Goods were taken out of these and put into six other Barques lying on the other side of the Bank with which Putmans and Vander Does went the next Morning to the other side of the City there to Reimbarque the Ambassador Nobel and some of the Retinue going before by Land to give order for Shipping of the Goods On the seventh in the Morning leaving the South-Suburb of Hanksieu they arriv'd in the Afternoon at Foejenjeen the ninth at Nienchefoe and the tenth at Lanqui where the great Barques were chang'd for small because here the River began to be very shallow The Governor of this Village invited them to Dinner which in regard they could not put off they went thither and were very kindly entertain'd with various Meats Musick and Drolls towards Evening taking leave On the twelfth in the Morning they left Lanqui and on the thirteenth came to the City of Longuen as
the Morning the Cape Avarelles Valze The Wind being at North-East and their Course along the shore South and by West and South-South-West they came in the Evening up with the Point of Holland from whence they Steer'd South-West and by South to raise Paul Candor which Isle they saw in the West on the six and twentieth in the Afternoon and the next Evening Anchor'd behind the Goats Horns where the Crane also arriv'd the following day The last of October the Batavia Frigat arriv'd at the South-East side of Paulo Timaon but the Wind shrinking she was forc'd to drop Anchor half a League from that wherein the Ambassador was aboard Here the Ambassador gave Order to take the Silver out of the Victoria and Crane and put it into the Bleiswyk again and likewise sent his Sloops to the Batavia to fetch the Silver out of her Whereupon the Bleiswyk was according to their Excellencies Order in Batavia sent with all the Silver Gold and other Commodities to Malakka to the Governor Balthazar Bort to be sent from thence to Bengale The Ambassador inform'd him by Letters that he was receiv'd with all kindness at the Court in Peking and left the same with much Honor and Friendship but could not inform him what was obtain'd by this Embassy because the Emperor had sent his Letters Seal'd to the Lord General but that it was certain that for the future they should Trade in Canton and not in Hoksieu in the removal of which if all things else were well he found little trouble The first of Ianuary the Fleet left Paulo Timaon and in the Afternoon the Bleiswyk taking leave of the Fleet steer'd her Course to the Streights of Sinkkapura In the Evening the Ambassador saw Pulo Aura a League and a half North-East from him The second in the Morning he stemm'd the Mountain Monapyn and on the third had Pulo Lingen on his Stern The fourth entring the Streights of Banka he arriv'd on the seventh before Batavia where the Ambassador deliver'd the Emperor 's Seal'd Letter to the Lord General and gave him an account of all his Adventures Thus having brought the Embassy out of China to Batavia we will return thither again and declare what properly concerns the Chineses and their Countrey and first begin with their Entertainments and Diet. Feasts or Entertainments THe Chineses according to Alvarez Semedo spend most of their time in Feasting with extraordinary Costs and Charges On the meeting of Friends and good success in any Business they prepare a Feast and sometimes also in Troubles and Adversities in which they come to comfort each other nay at Entertainments are the Consultations of the Chineses advising with one another at Meals what they shall take in Hand This is the usual life of the Common People and especially of Handicrafts-men which are divided into Companies which they call Mane because in every Company are thirty Masters as many as there are days in a Month which make a Feast every day by turns If they have not Conveniencies in their own Houses they may hire publick Halls in which are all manner of Necessaries being built for that purpose or if they will keep their Feasts in their own Houses without any further trouble then they only set down the number of the Persons Guests and Retinue and what Dishes they will please to order which are punctually serv'd in according to the Bill of Fare The Northern Chineses differ much in their Customs from the Southern who are in general more civiliz'd than the other The Southern Chineses in their Feasts esteem of a Quelque-chose or of Minc'd Meats and Hashes more than great Joynts and standing Dishes entertaining more upon the score of good Society than Debauches yet they will do their parts well at their Trencher and as sufficiently at the turning off their Glasses They are entertain'd with Wine before Dinner of which they take and taste till they refuse then they fall to their Rice and neither speak nor Drink till pretty well satisfi'd The manner of the Northern Chineses is quite otherwise for they are not Ceremonious nor Complemental but delight in well-fill'd Tables with great and full Dishes After the usual Ceremony which is observ'd through all China they begin first with Eating every one taking as much as he can on his Trencher of what he likes best which they eat without Drinking Rice is their Banquet After Meals they spend an hour in talking which ended they seat themselves again at Tables fill'd with Potation-Dishes and Salt-Meats as Gammons of Bacon dry'd Tongues and the like which they do not without cause call Ushers or Vehiculums preparers of the way that the Tope may the better go down for they no sooner take a Relishing Bit but a lusty Go-down follows They keep their Breakfasts at seven a Clock in the Morning and their Dinners at five in the Afternoon but drink no Wine at either Only at Night at a light Supper of relishing Meat they give themselves full liberty and fresh scope of good Fellowship therefore their Feasts are Nocturnal spending the Day upon their serious either Business Exercise or Studies In the Winter Nights they use Candles made of Oyl mix'd with Wax but their Summer Lights are of three sorts of Wax one of Bees another of certain Snakes which is very white and the third comes from a Tree call'd Kieujeu but that is not so good as our European yet much better than our Tallow and their Candles likewise exceed ours Persons of Quality make great Preparations for their Feasts Erecting Banqueting Houses for that purpose both in the Cities and at their Countrey Houses furnish'd with Pictures and other Rarities And though the use of Hangings be very rare yet if those that are invited to a Feast be Officers or Noblemen they furnish their Houses with Tapestry from the top to the bottom The number of Tables is a testimony of the greatness of their Entertainment They generally place no more than four Persons at a Table but at very grand Meetings every Guest hath a peculiar and sometimes two Tables one to sit at and the other to set away his empty Dishes The Tables are neither cover'd with Clothes nor Napkins but Varnish'd with the Wax of the Gum call'd Cie They use no Knives for all their Meat except Eggs Fish and the like is brought before them ready Hash'd Neither use they Forks nor Spoons but two small Sticks two handfuls long with which they very dexterously and neatly take up their Meat nay put a single Corn of Rice either raw or boyl'd to their Mouth without letting it fall They never put Salt Pepper nor Vinegar or Verjuice amongst their Meat but Mustard and the like Ingredients which they Compound with extraordinary Art having several of them of a curious relish Their common Dishes are Flesh and Fish boyl'd or broyl'd on Grid-Irons and fry'd in Pans with variety of Sauces not unpleasing to the Palate Their Pottages of which
to the Emperor's Palace or those of his Children and Officers as also the Walls and Gates of the City High-ways and Bridges The same Council are also to take care that the Rivers be cleans'd and Ships furnish'd with Necessaries when sent out upon the Emperor's Service The sixth Chamber call'd Himpiu that is Councel of Iustice are to punish Malefactors and pass Sentence of Life and Death on Criminals The same Councels or Chambers the Jesuit Nicolas Trigaut hath describ'd almost after the same manner in the following words The Prime Councellors or Courts are six in number The first call'd Lipu signifies The Bench of the Magistrates This Councel exeeeds all the rest for they name or choose all the Magistrates of the Philosophick or Learned Order of the whole Realm which are accounted the most eminent and continually rise higher and higher if they have in their Inferior Offices made but the least Proofs of their Vertue and good Behavior and on the contrary if they commit but one Fault they are bereav'd of their Imployments or put into meaner Offices The first choice consists in the excellent Writing in Chinese Characters of which this Court judges The second Councel by Semedo the fourth is call'd Hopu that is The Court of Revenue or Exchequer which have the Command of the Empires Revenue and Taxes gathering Customs paying Souldiers and the like The third Councel is call'd Lipu that is The Council or Court of Ceremonies which takes care for Common Offerings Temples Priests the Emperor's Women Schools examining of the Learned Weddings and other Ceremonies to be perform'd to the Emperor on certain times and occasions The same Council also give Titles of Honor to deserving Persons incourage Artificers send Noble-men to meet Ambassadors and return Answers to Letters directed to the Emperor who looks upon it as a great disgrace to write a Letter with his own Hand either to one in or without his Dominions The fourth call'd Pimpu which signifies Council of War Command over Civil and Military Affairs which concern the Safety and Defence of the Empire yet they cannot resolve on any thing without the Emperor's consent and knowledge This Councel bestows all Military Offices removing Cowards and putting in Valiant Men and likewise honor the deserv'd with great Titles The fifth call'd Cumpu that is The Councel over all manner of Buildings look to the Erecting of publick Structures and Palaces for the Emperor his Allies and Magistrates and likewise to the building of his Ships and Rigging out of whole Navies and the repair of Bridges and Walls about the City The sixth Councel call'd Humpu are Judges to Determine and Debate of Criminals and all manner of Differences The whole business of Judicatory in all the Empire depending on this Court for they have in every Province and City appointed Magistrates and Clerks which advise them faithfully of all Transactions so that they in this their Office being of great concern have no small trouble but that the great number of Deputies which they imploy under them ease them of the most part for there is a Chief-Justice of the whole Court whom they call Ciamcui which hath two Assistants one sits on his right and the other on his left Hand being nam'd Cilam which three Persons in the Metropolis Peking are accounted amongst the greatest in Quality and according to their pleasure every Court is divided into several Degrees besides these all Courts have their Secretaries Clerks Messengers and other Servants The Emperor Ya who began to Raign before the Birth of our Savior Anno 2357. first establish'd these six Courts according to the Relation of Father Martin in his first Book of the History of China wherein he says Afterwards the Emperor Ya brought the State of China to a new and better form by establishing six Courts One of which is call'd Lipu which takes Cognizance of the Well-behaving or Mis-behaving of the Magistrates and to bestow on every one according to their Merits either higher Dignities or else bereave them of their Places The second is call'd Pingpu that is Councel of War or Prime Martial Court which have the same Command over the Martial Officers as the former over the Civil The third is Lipu that is A Court of Ceremonies or Customs who Supervise Ecclesiastick Affairs Offerings entertaining foreign Ambassadors and other such like Businesses The fourth is call'd Hupu which Receive and render an Account of the Emperor's Revenue The fifth is call'd Cumpu which take care to look after the Repairing and Building of publick Structures the Emperor's Palaces Walls of the Cities Rivers Ships and High-ways that they may not be Dirty or Incommodious The sixth is Hingpu or Court of Iustice where all Causes relating to Life and Death are Determin'd which Courts being so Constituted by the Emperor Ya Govern the whole Empire of China in good Order and acknowledge no Superior but the Emperor and the Kolaos According to others the Privy-Councel consists in six Persons who never Consult but about Weighty Matters of State This Councel or Assembly is call'd Loepol each of these hath his peculiar Chamber and is also the Head of another Court in which the businesses of his Camber are Debated These Councellors take as many to their Assistants as they judge necessary The first of these is President of the Councel of State and his Assembly is call'd Lipol The second hath Charge of all Warlike businesses Revenues of the Empire and hath also Power to give Commissions The third looks after Architecture keeping an account of what Edifices are yearly built in the Empire and likewise of the Charges expended in Repairing of Towns Forts High-ways Streets and Moats This is call'd Congpol The fourth which takes care of the Customs and Taxes of the Empire are nam'd Olpol The fifth is as we may call him Lord-Chief-Justice and Pronounces the Sentences resolv'd on in his Court call'd Ungpol The sixth and last hath the Command of all Places and Offices of the Magistrates and gives them to those who by their Learning good Deportment and civil Carriage are accounted the most Worthy In this manner the Government of China hath continu'd many Ages which after the first Conquest by the Tartars under the Emperor Xunchi was not chang'd except only adding to every one of the six Chinese Councellors a Person of his own Countrey so that the Grand Councel of the Realm consisted in twelve Persons all equally Commission'd as before-said These Councellors of State before-mention'd cannot resolve on any thing without a general consent therefore no business is concluded on but by Plurality of Voices When the Assembly is broke up and every Councellor consults with his private Cabal then a Tartar as we said is added to them but since that in the Raign of the Emperor Konchi the Chineses are put out of all Offices and the Tartars have wholly Appropriated them to themselves Besides these six there are nine other Chambers or Benches call'd Kieukim
long as the Empire was Govern'd by the Chineses had their Residence at the Courts in Nanking and Peking for all the Councils and Magistrates which are at the Imperial Court in Peking were formerly except the Colaos in Nanking the Metropolis and Court of the ancient Chinese Princes but they were far below those in Peking because of the Emperor's absence who held his Court in Peking as at this day the Tartar Emperor of China The Court was remov'd from Peking on this occasion The Emperor Humvu having driven out the Tartars Anno 1368. planted the Seat of the Empire in Nanking After his Decease one of his Nephews call'd Yunlo who in the Northern Provinces lay with an Army in the Borders of the Empire as Vice-Roy there to be a Guard against the Tartars concluded to bereave Humvu's Heir of the Crown and make himself Master of it To which purpose having gotten the Northern Provinces to joyn with him he came with his Army to Nanking and got the other Provinces either by Policy Strength or Presents and expell'd Humvu's Son But because Yunlo's greatest Strength and Dependence was in the Northern Provinces and that it was to be believ'd that the Tartars to re-gain the Empire would fall in on that Place he setled himself in that part of the Countrey and in the same City in which the Tartar Emperors when they Govern'd the Chineses had their Residence there to resist the Enemy if he should make any Attempt yet still continu'd the Emperor's Palace and the Magistrates in Nanking But after the Conquest of China by the Tartars Anno 1644. the City of Nanking was bereav'd of her Imperial Title and all the Magistrates belonging to the Emperor's Court nay the Palace of the ancient Chinese Emperors besides many stately Memorials were all pull'd down to the Ground without any other damage to the City The Tartars also chang'd the Name of the City and Province and in stead of Nanking call'd it Kiangnan and the City which formerly was call'd Intien Kiangning All which was done by the Tartars out of an inveterate hatred against the Taimingian Family because Humvu or Chu the first raiser of that House drove them or their Predecessors shamefully out of the Empire after they had possess'd it a hundred and eight years All the Magistrates as well belonging to the Learned Council as Martial Affairs are by a general Name in the Chinese Tongue call'd Quonfu that is To set before but for their Quality and not their Office they are call'd Lavye or Lausu or Lavja's which signifies Lords or Parents The Netherlanders according to the example of the Portuguese call them Mandarins that is Commanders or Governors deriv'd from the Portuguese word Mandarim which is A Commander Notwithstanding all the Magistrates or Governors flie at the Emperor's Beck and have Orders amongst themselves yet every one Serves in his Office with full Power except he be commanded to the contrary by his Superiors There are so many Governors in China and Magistrates they being according to Martinius to the number of eleven thousand that it is hard to know their several Orders For this reason five or six Books of a considerable bigness are to be bought through the whole Empire containing the Names of the publick Magistrates and Governors of Provinces with the Places of their Birth Employments and Quality These Books according to Martinius are Re-printed every three Moneths which must be done of necessity for in such great numbers of Magistrates without putting those into the Books that are of less Quality are daily great Changes some dying others put out of their Employments some degraded into lesser Offices or losing their Parents by reason of which last Accident they are forc'd to desert their Government though never so great and travel home and there Mourn three years and therefore great numbers are continually at the Court of Peking in hopes to succeed in the vacant Places As to what concerns the Government of the Provinces in particular it stands in this manner The supream Government of a Province is generally manag'd in the Metropolis and consists in Societies that have a general Power over the whole Province Amongst these are two prime Courts to which all the other as as well of Towns as Villages must submit because they receive their Commissions from the Imperial Court This Court consists in one sole Judge without any Assistants or other Officers which is the Vice-Roy of the Province in the Chinese Tongue call'd Tutham or Kiu-Muen whose Command extends over all the Magistrates and People of the Province During his time of Government which lasts three years he keeps several Messengers which go to and come from the Court at certain times to give an account of what hath pass'd in his Jurisdiction He is receiv'd with great State into his Dominions After his departure from Court his Councellors and other Officers go before and he is conducted from City to City by the Inhabitants Some Commanders with three thousand Soldiers besides all the Magistrates and Commonalty come to meet and receive him three Leagues from the Metropolis where he is to keep his Court. The second Tutang who is of no less Power but stays but one year in his Employment is call'd Chayven He is much respected and feared for he takes an account of all manner of Business Military or Civil Condemns or Reprieves Malefactors and also looks after the Emperor's Revenue He Examines all the Magistrates nay the Tutang himself and hath also Power to punish Judges and put great and mean Mandarins out of their Employments The Miscarriages of the grand Mandarins he informs the Emperor of by Letters and puts them out of their Places till he hath receiv'd an Answer from his Majesty He also pronounces the Sentences of Death which are given in all Places of the Province and appoints for that purpose the Day and Town whither all the Malefactors must be carry'd that he may know the number and Names of them and marks six or seven with a Pencil and if more he is accounted a blood-thirsty and tyrannous Man Those that are thus mark'd are Executed in the Field and the other carry'd again to Prison He is also to look after the repairing of the City Walls Castles and other Structures He never goes out but with a great Train that carry Court Badges and other marks of severity There is yet sometime another Extraordinary Chayven made at the Empresses Request He hath an absolute Power but it extends no farther than to Pardon or Reprieve for he Visits all the Prisons in the whole Province sets those Prisoners at Liberty which for petty Crimes lie there and have no Adversaries and likewise such as are not able to free themselves He Pleads in all desperate Causes and assists People that are helpless recalls a rashly pronounc'd Sentence and is defender of the Poor In short his whole Office and Employment extends to Mercy For which reason these Magistrates are
during their time of Government much respected by the common People The third Employment is Treasurer who takes care of the Emperor's Revenue in his Province being Employ'd by the Court of Exchequer which sit at the Emperor's Palace He hath two Councellors allow'd him one of which sits on his right and the other on his left Hand besides twenty six Mandarins and several other Officers His Business is to look after the Customs Farms and all Revenues whatsoever belonging to the Crown He Seals the Weights and Measures decides all Differences concerning Moneys punishing the guilty or sending them if he think fit to higher Courts pays the Magistrates Allies to the Emperor Commanders and Soldiers provides Liveries and Marks of Honor which are given to famous Scholars pays the Money for the repairing of High-ways Bridges Courts or Palaces of the chief Mandarins and Ships of War Lastly this Treasurer hath the Command of all what comes in or goes out of the Treasury He also receives the Emperor's Presents from the Judges Governors and Tauli which every one makes according to their Employments being in Silver Coin or Bullion all which is by him melted into Bars each to the value of fifty Crowns and stamp'd with the Imperial Mark and the Melter's Name that thereby he may know whom to accuse if the Silver should be falsifi'd In this manner it is carry'd into the Emperor's Treasury The fourth Court is call'd Gandchasci that is The Court of Life and Death In it are two Assistants or Tauli whose care is to Visit and go from Town to Town to decide all Differences punish the guilty perform oâ—…r Duties belonging to their Offices which extend over the Militia and Affairs in such Provinces that lie near the Sea The fifth resembles a Colledge of Learned Men ordain'd to Examine Youths how they profit in their Studies and especially to observe their Masters of Art till such time as they have receiv'd their Bonnet and Orders to be Directors The prime of this famous Society is a Chancellor who from time to time goes to Towns and Villages to enquire after the Carriage Deportment and Conversation of the Learned and to punish or chastise them according to their several Offenses There are yet two Persons in every City call'd Hioquon that is Mandarins or Magistrates of Knowledge which also belong to the fore-mention'd five Courts whose Command extends onely over the Students of the City and though they have not Power to give the Degrees due to deserving Persons but onely to chastise them yet nevertheless they are very strict and severe because they continually reside in one Place and like Proctors in our Universities come and Examine the Scholars All these fore-mention'd Courts Command over the whole Province and the Cities Towns and Villages contain'd therein Moreover every City hath peculiar Governors as here in Europe being four eminent Mandarins or Aldermen as one of them is like a Mayor which is by them call'd Chifu Chi signifies Lord or Governor and Fu A Mannor or Tract of Land the other three are his Assistants and call'd Tumchu Tumphuon and Cheuquon every one hath his pecular Court and Officers Besides these are nineteen lesser Magistrates which look after the Towns two of them have a prime Councellor and four inferior Assistants the other nine onely one Councellor and one Assistant the other eight have one supream Head who Commands over their whole Society The Villages have also each of them a Judge and three Justices the Judge is call'd Chihien the first Justice Honchin the second Chufu and the third Tunfu All these have their several Courts or Council-Chambers and likewise Secretaries Clerks and other inferior Officers The Judge may pronounce Sentence of Death but cannot execute it Beside these Mandarins which reside in Towns and Villages there are some which have neither power to Condemn nor Punish but onely to give their Judgments to the Society The great Castles that lie distant from Towns and Villages have also Mandarins or Magistrates chosen from amongst the Clerks for the least Office that any Person of Quality aims at is to be Judge or Justice in a Village Trigaut declares the General Government of every Province as it was in his time after the following manner The Towns which belong to the prime Provinces of Peking and Nanking are Govern'd after the same manner as all the Cities and Towns in the other Provinces The Government of each of the thirteen Provinces consists in a Magistrate call'd Pucinsu and another nam'd Nanganzasu the first determines Civil Causes and the other Criminal They keep their Courts in great State and reside in the Metropolis of the Province To both these belong several petty Officers and also the chief Magistrates which are call'd Tauli but because they Command over several Cities they are sometimes absent from the Metropolis Every Fu â—…r County for a Province is divided into divers Counties hath a peculiar Governor call'd Chifu that is Lord of the County and likewise over every great City or Cheu and over each Town or Hien is a Governor the first call'd Chicheu and the last Cihien These Governors of all the Counties and chief Rulers of Cities have every one four Assistants which aid them in all Businesses that happen in their Jurisdiction being all their Deputies The Chifu or Governor of the County hath his Residence in one of the Cities and determineth all things as Chief for when any Businesses are consultof by the Chicheu and Cihien they acquaint him therewith as their Superior and in the first Degree It is to be observ'd that the Chifu or Governors of the Territories and his Court and the whole County receive their Denomination from the City in which they reside as for example the Governor keeps his Court in the City Nunciang and that City gives denomination to the whole County Governor and Court so that they are call'd Nunciangers Besides these Magistrates there are many others in Cities Towns and Villages as also many Generals and Collonels through the whole Empire but especially in Places bordering the Sea and Garisons Thus far Trigaut All the Magistrates saith the same Trigaut are under nine Orders all comprehended under the Philosopher and Military Man Every one in these Orders receives his Revenue from the publick Stock either in Rice or Mony though but little in respect of their Authority for the Salary of the prime and chief Order amounts not to above a thousand Ducats yearly Those which are of the same Order receive Wages alike whether Philosophers or Military Persons for the chief of the Soldiers get as much as the Supream of the Learned All the Magistrates have a private Seal of their Office given them by the Emperor Humvu What they write in their Law they Seal onely with Red which is a kind of Earth so Red that it is like a Vermilion and digg'd out of the Mountain Tape near the City Lingkien in the Province of
and by others Ninifo whom they suppose to have been a very wise Man the Chineses honor with peculiar Reverence and bended Knees which is perform'd by the grandest Mandarins placing his Image on the Altars in the Temples with burning Lamps and Perfuming-pans round about him The Idol a deformed Monster is often represented after that manner as appears by the inserted Sculp with his Breast bare a very great Head large Teats and Tun-belly the left hand holding a Garland and great Iron Rings in the Ears from whence they say the use of Ear-rings came first into China Other Images are made sitting with their Legs across under them after the Eastern manner Some pick their Ears with an Ear-picker under which they hide a great Mystery others with a Tool like a Curry-Comb scrape their Shoulders and Necks all which the Chineses especially the vulgar worship for great Saints and Offer Perfumes Meat and several other things to them These Priests are accounted the meanest of the People and Raff of the whole Empire because they are all Extracted from the Vulgar for in their Infancy being sold as Servants to the Osiams they become Scholars and succeed their Tutors in their Office and Service an Invention found out by them to advance themselves for there is never any found that of his own free will resolving to live a holy Life that will go into the Cloysters amongst such Company Through Ignorance and ill Breeding the Slave-Pupils seldom improve themselves beyond their Tutors but are just the same in their whole Demeanor and as by Nature we have a propensity to Vice not being cultivated so they from time to time degenerate growing worse wherefore they learn no Morality nor attain to the knowledge of Literature except accidentally some though very few which naturally inclin'd to Learning endeavor the same by their own Industry Notwithstanding they have no Wives they are so inclin'd to the Female Sex that they cannot be kept from conversing with common Strumpets but by great punishments viz. those that attempt it are if taken in the Act burnt with a hot Iron through the Neck or Leg in which they put an Iron Chain of eight or ten Fathom long besides great Shackles in which manner the Offender must walk naked along the Streets till he hath begg'd ten Tail of Silver for the benefit of his Cloyster And that he may perform this Penance one of his Fraternity goes along with him and with a Whip severely draws Blood from his naked Skin The Chain by reason of its great weight is also so troublesom to his Wound that Blood and Corruption gushes out of it Others are for several days put into little Houses like our Cages driven full of Nails with the Points inward wherein the Offender not being able to lie down is forc'd to stand upright without either Meat or Drink The Cloysters of these Osciams are built in Inclosures according to every ones bigness every Inclosure hath a constant Treasurer or Governor whom his Scholars which he hath bought for his Servants whereof he hath as many as he will or can maintain succeed as by Inheritance They acknowledge no Superior in these Cloysters and every one erects as many Huts or Booths in his appointed Apartment as he can which is customary through the whole Empire yet chiefly in the Metropolis of Peking The Cells when built they Let to their great advantage to Strangers which come thither to Trade which makes these Cloysters rather seem publick Inns than Places of Sanctity regarding nothing less than the worshipping of Idols or teaching that wicked Doctrine Though the Condition of the Inhabitants of these Cloysters is mean and despicable yet nevertheless they are by many hir'd for a small Reward to perform Funeral Ceremonies and some other such like Offices Now at present this Doctrine is not a little come into request again many Temples being erected for the same All the Followers thereof are either Eunuchs Women or ignorant People Yet besides these there are some which boast themselves the prime Maintainers of this Doctrine and are call'd Ciaicum that is Abstinentiaries for they refrain in their Houses all their Life-times from eating either Flesh or Fish and reverently worship with Offerings and Prayers a row of Images and sometime are sent for to their Neighbors Houses to Pray with them The Women separated from the Men maintain this retir'd Life in Cloysters and shaving the Hair from the Crown of their Heads despise Marriage The Chineses call them Nicu which signifies A Nun but not many of them live together and are far less in number than the Men. Thus far Trigaut These Cloysters according to Semedo are very large the Walls which surround them makes them seem like a City divided into Streets open places and inhabited Houses in each of which two or three have their Residences viz. a Master and his Scholars which are sufficiently provided for and also all the Houses receive an equal proportion of the Emperor's Allowance The Governor of the Cloyster who hath the general Command over all takes no cognisance but of peculiar Businesses which are brought before him and what concerns other things and the Government of their Houses he leaves to themselves Yet nevertheless he gives Offices and Titles to those that are to receive Strangers whoe're he be that comes to see their Cloysters and beat on a Drum that stands at the Gate they are oblig'd to go before him to the number of thirty in their Ceremonial Habit Coming to him they Salute him and walk before him to the Place where he desires to be which they do again at his Return They are under the Jurisdiction of the Council of Customs but upon the Executing of Punishments when deserv'd they are us'd more favourably than when Tri'd by the common Law The Disciples or Followers of this Doctrine which at this Day are in great numbers live together never Marry let the Hair of their Head and Beards grow very long and wear ordinary Clothes which differ little from the other in fashion except in one thing which shews that they are in Service for in stead of a Bonnet they wear a little Garland which covers just the Crown of their Heads They account the last and greatest Good of Mankind to consist in bodily Goods and the enjoyment of a quiet and peaceable Life without toyl or trouble They acknowledge two Deities the one more powerful than the other They allow one Paradice and a Hell the Paradice which according to their saying is joyn'd to the satisfaction of the Body is not onely for another Life but also for this on Earth and consists herein that by means of a certain Exercise and Obedience some that are old may become young Children others may make themselves Xinsien that is Happy on Earth to possess what they please speedily with a wish flie from one place to another though very remote and go to Feasts and the like They are lovers
 Kiocing 13 48 25 35 Yaogan 15 50 26 3 Cioking 16 40 26 28 Vutin 14 59 25 27 Cintien 13 52 26 4 Likiang 16 58 26 54 Iuenkiang 15 33 23 54 Iungchang 17 42 24 58 Great Cities     Pexing 16 8 26 44 Lanking 15 55 27 3 The manner of the Building of the Cities in China MOst of the Cities in all China are of one Model and Fashion and exceed each other only in Bigness and Commerce for most of them are square with broad and high Walls of Brick or Free-stone Fortifi'd round about at an exact distance with high Watch-Towers not unlike those of the ancient Romans surrounded with broad Moats and within with Pallasadoes The Entrances into the City have always double Gates one before another with Portcullases between those two Gates is a large Court wherein the Soldiers are Exercis'd that belong to the Guard These Gates are not opposite but oblique so that they cannot see through them both at once The first hangs on a double Wall which appears like our Bulwarks Above the Gates on the Arch are high Towers which the Chineses call Muen Leu in which the Soldiers keep Guard and are Magazines where their Arms are kept Every Metropolis and almost all the small Cities have a little distance without the Walls in a pleasant and frequented place or near the Road a Tower by Peter Iarrik and others call'd Chimes which the Chineses look upon to be so auspicious that no Man goes about any business of consequence before he hath Saluted these Edifices from thence expecting their better Fortune One of these Towers by which we may judge all the rest is before discrib'd in the Province of Xantung They have at least seven nine or ten Galleries of Free-stone and very artificially built in manner like a Pyramid they are not onely Erected in or near the Cities but some of them on the highest Mountains These Towers are not much unlike other Structures from their quality call'd Culeu which here we should name Hourly Towers which are built at the Publick Charge one or two in every City according to the bigness thereof On every one of these Towers is a Water-Glass for in stead of Watches or Hour-Glasses the Chineses use Water Glasses which shew the Hour of the Day for the Water falling out of one Glass into the other lifts up a Board Carv'd with the Figures of the Hours and time of the Day There is also one who constantly observes the Hand which points and by the beating on a great Drum gives notice thereof to the People every Hour what the Clock is he also puts forth another Board out of the Steeple on which the Hour of the Day is Painted with Golden Figures of a Foot and a half long The same Person which Watches the Hours hath an Eye also because he looks over the whole City if any Fire should accidentally happen in one House or other and by beating on his Drum raises all the Citizens to the quenching of it He whose House is set a Fire through his own carelesness suffers Death without mercy because of the danger which threatens the neighboring Houses all built of Wood. On these Time-telling Towers the Governors often meet to keep their Festivals Pagodes or Temples NOt far from these Turrets stands generally a Pagan Chappel besides a Temple Consecrated to the Spirit or good Genious of the City In these all the Governors or Magistrates on the entring into their Offices take their Oaths of Allegiance and the like as if before the God or Protector of their City In former Ages the Chineses in these Temples honor'd only the fore-mention'd Spirits but at this day Worship other Idols Great numbers of these Pagodes are through all China and are likewise built in solitary places on the tops and declinings of Mountains Most of these Pagodes are inhabited by Priests who live there upon the ancient Revenues granted them of the place The Pagodes also afford good Lodgings and Entertainment for Travellers who there find plenty of all things The Pagodes or Temples are within furnish'd with Images to the number in some of above a thousand and hung round about with black Lamps which burn Night and Day in Commemoration of those as they conceive which liv'd Piously and dy'd Happily Some Images sit on Tables as if they liv'd and were consulting together At the entrance or behind the other Images stand horrible shapes Horn'd Fiends with open Mouths and Hands with grievous Claws In the middle commonly appears an Altar whereon sits an Image of some times thirty forty fifty nay a hundred Foot high to which the Temple is Consecrated besides several lesser Idols on each side thereof before the Image stands generally a thick but hollow Cane full of little Reeds or Pens inscrib'd with Chinese Characters which they believe foretel future events On each side are Perfuming-Pots which are continually supply'd and in the middle stands a Woodden Charger in which the Priest puts his Offerings when he Invokes the God on some exigent to grant him a favorable sign of good success The Altar is Colour'd Red with which no common Houses may be Painted A Pagode or Temple which was formerly the Hall of a Palace belonging to a grand Eunuch near the City of Peking and afterwards on the Emperor's Command given to the Iesuits for a Chappel Trigaut says was before set forth after this manner In the chief Isle stood a great Altar of Bak'd and Hewn Stone curiously Wrought and Painted Red after the manner of their Temples Upon the middle of the Altar sat a great and horrible Monster Bak'd of Clay Gilt from top to bottom The Chineses call'd this Image Tuan and suppose it Commands over the Earth and Riches thereof wherefore we with the ancient Poets should call it Pluto It had a Scepter in one Hand and a Crown on its Head both not unlike the Marks of our Kings On each side of the Isle stood two great Tables every one Guarded by five Infernal Judges which were also Painted on the Walls sitting on Seats of Justice and Condemn'd as they said the Sinners to Everlasting Torments every one according to his Condition Before them stood many Furies far more terrible with tormenting Scourges than those which we represent and in such manner those Devils seem'd to punish the Criminals that they struck a Terror to the Living for some lay broyl'd on Gridirons others boyl'd in Oil others again rent to Pieces some cut through in the middle torn to Pieces by Dogs bruis'd in Mortars and other such like cruel Punishments The first of the fore-mention'd Infernal Judges seem'd to examine the Malefactors which as the Chineses suppose he re-views in a Looking-Glass this done he sends them to the other Judges according to the several Punishments which they are to suffer Amongst them was one whose Office was to Punish by Transmigration sending the Souls of the Malefactor into worse Bodies
the Emperor's Name in whose Reign the Arch was built is Engraven Beneath in the Front appears another broad Stone whereon is an Inscription with the Name of the Person in honor of whom and for what good Service it was erected Buildings THe Artificers and Tradesmens Houses in the Cities are not built with any great art because the Chineses regard more their Ease and Convenience than Ornaments yet though they are not verâ—… stately they are convenient and sufficiently comely But the Houses of the Grandees are very magnificent and large The Chineses as Adam Schall witnesseth use no Stone for their high Buildings but onely Timber joyn'd and fastned to one another with Iron Rings after the same manner as our Masts in great Ships are which thus conjoyn'd is colour'd over with Chinese Varnish or Wax call'd Cie and sometimes Gilded to the no small lustre thereof They take no delight in many Stories never raising them higher than two though generally but one they counting it a hard labor to go up Stairs or Ladders The lower part of their House is onely inhabited it being divided into handsom Chambers and Halls As to the out-part of the House it is but mean except the great Gate and other lesser Wickets which are stately built before Noble-mens Houses but the inner part is pleasant and very curiously wrought all shining with the Varnish Cie They are generally built of Wood yea the Emperor's Palace it self though the Walls which separate the Halls and Anti-Chambers are commonly of Brick but the Roof rests on wooden Pillars and not on Walls as ours do and not cover'd with Tyles of Clay They look not forwards through Windows Persons of Quality accounting it ill Breeding to open a Casement into the Street Every House hath several Yards or Halls one behind another the privatest or last of which is in habited by the Women who are kept so close as if in Prison The Chineses according to Trigaut when they begin to Build erect first the Pillars of their Houses which are all of Wood for Stone is of no esteem amongst them nay the Pillars in the Emperors Courts and Governors Houses are also of Wood On the rais'd Columns they lay great pieces of Timber and on them the Roof The Walls are made last of all of Clay or Mortar which if they should chance to fall yet the Timber-work would stand and the Roof-remains firm and whole The order in which the Pillars stand is the same with all other open places for every Court of the Governors is divided into several base Courts or Quadrangles pav'd with Free-Stone the Floors of them being somewhat lower than those of the Chambers they ascend a few Steps up to them and the Galleries And again in another place the same Trigaut saith That the Chineses are not to be compar'd to us in Architecture neither for beauty nor durance for they build according to Mans life and as they say onely for themselves and not for others whereas we on the contrary build for future Ages The Chineses dig no Foundations but lay on the Ground which they design to build on very great Stones or if they chance to dig Foundations they are never above two or three Yards deep though for exceeding high Towers so that they seldom last one Age. Nor in like manner their Clay Walls which give them the trouble of a constant and daily repairing from whence it happens also that their Houses are for the most part of Wood or rest on wooden Posts in which there is no small convenience because the Walls may be repair'd without medling with the other parts of the Houses for the Roofs rest not on the Walls but on Columns Thus far Trigaut Palaces or Governors Courts THe Palaces are all built at the Emperor's Charge for Residences for the Governors as well Civil as Martialist And the Emperor doth not onely provide Courts and Ships for his Governors but also all manner of necessary Furniture Provisions and Servants nay when a Governor which is most remarkable either goes to another Province or serv'd out the time of his Office which sometimes happens to be in half a year he may take all the Furniture with him and then again new is provided for his Successor The Houses of the Magistrates exceed all other in beauty bigness and Ornamentals and may justly be call'd Courts or Palaces In every Metropolis are fifteen twenty or more such publick Edifices in the chief Cities at least eight and four in the lesse all after one Model except that the one is bigger than the other according to the Quality of the Governors The great Palaces have four or five Halls with as many Porches that stand before them At the Front of every Palace three Gates the biggest in the middle every one adorn'd on each side with great Lyons of Marble Before the greatest Gate is a large Court Rail'd in which glitters exceedingly with the Chinese Varnish In the middle of this Court stand two Towers or Musick-Rooms ready provided with Drums and all sorts of Instruments to play on whene're the Governor goes in or out to sit on the Bench of Justice Beyond this Gate is a spacious Hall wherein those that Plead or have any Business with the Governor wait on each side thereof are small Apartments for the Judges of the lower Bench beyond are two Rooms wherein Persons of Quality that come to visit the Governors are received in them are Stools and Benches and all things necessary for Entertainment In these also the right-Hand is given to the Civilists or Citizens and the left to the Martialist Passing through these Chambers you come to another Gate which is seldom open'd but when the Governor keeps a Court-Day The middlemost is of an extraordinary bigness and none but Lords and Noble-men are suffer'd to go through it all other Persons walking through the side-Gates Beyond this Gate is another large Court at the end whereof stands a great Apartment resting on Columns and is call'd Tang. In this Chamber or Hall the Governor sits on the Bench on each side thereof Servants Messengers and other Officers have little Houses for their Residences These Officers never remove with the Governor but live there during their life-time being maintain'd at the Emperors Charge and serve one Lord after another without changing their Habitations Behind this Apartment is another inward Chamber much statelier than the first which is call'd Sutang that is The Privy-Chamber in which onely the greatest Friends to the Governor give their Visits and pay Respects about it on the out-side the Governors Houshold have their Dwellings behind it opens the greatest Gate where also are the Governors own Lodgings and a little apart his Wives and Concubines being all neatly built and conveniently contriv'd There are also Warrens Gardens and all things fit for Countrey Recreation A Palace belonging to an Eunuch not far from the City Peking is by Trigaut with the following Platform
the sound of the Drums and Trumpets all the other Vessels give them the way unless it be a Mandarin of greater Quality then the inferior gives way to the superior without any the least disturbance or dispute all which Cases being order'd by the Law according to which every one must govern himself wherefore on the Head of every Ship stands written in great Golden Letters of a Foot and a half long the Quality of every Governor from both the sides flie divers colour'd Silk Flags and Penons In calm Weather there are People which in stead of Horses Tow the Vessels by a Line or Row them They also use their Oars just as the Fishes their Fins or Tails with very great dexterity and swiftness to the no little manifestation of their Ingenuity They also Steer a Ship with a single Oar after the same manner as we our Boats Exceeding stately are those Ships which every three Moneths to the number of five come with Silk-Stuffs and Garments from the Metropolis of Nanking to the Court of Peking and are by the Chineses call'd Lungchychuen as if they would say Ships of Dragons Clothes because they are sent to the Emperor whose Arms and Marks are Dragons they are Gilt all over and colour'd Red. To these all the Governors Vessels are inferior and must give them the Way wheresoe're they meet them Swift Streams which between the Hills and Valleys have great Falls are Row'd up by the Chineses with a sort of little Boats with two Oars or Steerers one before at the Head and the other at the Stern by means of which they guide their Boats between the Rocks with great dexterity and ease as if they had a Horse by the Reins though sometimes the Channel is so narrow that the Vessels can scarce pass through the same but are forc'd to go round about the Stones which lie scatter'd and cumber the Channel every where This troublesom Rowing though an ingenious Invention of the Chineses hath rais'd this Proverb amongst them That their Boats are Paper and their Watermen Iron because they are made of very thin Boards like our slit Deal which are not nail'd but fastned together with Wit hs in the Chinese Tongue call'd Rotang by which means the Boats though often beaten by the strong Current against the Rocks split not but bend and give way In the third County Sucheufu of the Province of Nanking the Inhabitants keep many Pleasure-Boats onely for their Recreation all of them being richly gilded and painted with several colours to the Life so that we may rather call them stately Houses than Ships Many oftentimes spend their whole Estates in these Vessels being too indulgent to Wine and Women In a delightful Lake call'd Si near the chief City Hangcheu in the Province of Chekiang are also very gallant Vessels which Row up and down in the same in fair Weather for their pleasure All things about these Vessels are either gilded or painted with various colours where they always highly Treat and are presented with Stage-Plays and other such like Divertisements The Ships in the interim furnish'd with all manner of Necessaries Sail without fear of Shipwrack cross the Lake notwithstanding many by sudden Storms or Tempests are in the middle of their Mirth cast away They have also a kind of Gundelo's in the Chinese Tongue call'd Lungschen that is Serpent-Boats from their resembling of Water-Snakes and their being Painted and Carv'd all over with various Serpents some over-grown with Hair and hoop'd in with broad Iron Rings are also joyn'd together with Ribbons of divers colours very neatly and with great art interwoven together The Masts which are generally three and hung with Silk Penons and Flags have an Idol upon the top of them as also one on the Prow of the Ship on the Stern are many Ensigns hung full of Tufts of Hair Silk Flags and long Feathers the whole Vessel is hung round about with Gold and Silk Fringe under the Deck sit the Rowers generally to the number of ten or twelve richly Cloth'd in Silk and Gilded Crowns on their Heads at the sound of a Drum they strike their Oars which are made like a Spoon into the Water and make such quick way that they seem to go as swift as Lightning in a Gap in the Stern oftentimes hangs a Boy a Jugler who leaping into the Water makes pleasant sport for the Passengers In the Yellow River are a kind of Carriages or rather floating Villages consisting in great thick Reeds by the Indians call'd Bambu or Bambo's which are so closely ty'd together with Wit hs by them nam'd Rotang that the least drop of Water cannot get through them On these Floats are Huts and little Houses of Boards and other sleight Materials cover'd with Roofs made of Mats in which the Chineses dwell with their Wives and Children in someto the number of two hundred as on the Main Land and never inhabit on the Shore They drive along with the Stream down the Rivers or else are Tow'd against the Current with a Line for Sails they use none Those that reside in these floating Villages drive a Trade with all sorts of Merchandise and carry them from one place to another on the River at the Towns before which they stop they run Stakes into the Ground to which they make fast their floating Isle There are also some in China which with their whole Families reside in ordinary Vessels and Sail in Fleets of four or five hundred together Trading through the whole Empire so that from whence these Fleets remove it seems as if a Forrest moved They keep likewise all manner of tame Cattel in those Vessels especially Swine and wheresoever they arrive they generally stay several Moneths Father Martin doubts not but that the Chinese Merchants have anciently as at this day furrow'd the Seas as far as the Red Lake for in these modern Times they build great Ships call'd Pancum da China which in the Chinese Tongue signifies A Wooden Palace neither have we small testimonies of it through all India That the Chineses saith he have antiently frequented the Seas and Sail'd with their Ships to remote Countreys doth not darkly appear by the Voyage of one Luseng sent out by the Emperor Ching or Xi Anno 214. before the Nativity of Christ to discover the Northern Countreys for he amongst others proffer'd the Emperor some Geographical Descriptions of several Countreys in the World and especially of China and the Islands lying in the East Sea otherwise call'd Mare Eoum from whence some will conclude that the Name Cingala which signifies Sand-plats of the Chineses on which a Fleet of Ships suffer'd Shipwrack hath its original From hence is also deriv'd Ceilon or Sinlan that is Inhabitants of China or Chineses Moreover that the Chineses of the Island St. Laurence or Madagaskar is affirmed by the Chineses that reside on this Island especially at the Bay of St. Clare where Men of white Complexions speak the Chinese
is call'd Munghao that is Flower of Sleep The County Nanchangfu the first of the Province of Kiangfi having every where a fruitful and fat Soil is Till'd in most places In like manner the second Territory Iaocheufu is made very pregnant by several Rivers that run through it The Chineses also esteem the fourth County Nankangfu for its affording them all kind of Necessaries the low Grounds yielding plenty of Rice Corn and Shell-Fruit the Mountains store of Wood for Fuel The sixth County Kienchangfu is though Mountainous a Pleasant and Fertile Countrey as likewise the seventh Vuchenfu through which run many Rivers it yields store of Gold-colour'd Apples nor is it wanting in all sorts of Fruit and other Provisions No less Pleasant and Fruitful is the eighth County Lingkiangfu esteem'd by the Chineses as also the ninth Kieganfu though Hilly and Mountainous But above all the tenth Territory Xuicheufu abounds in Rice-Fields as appears by its paying three thousand Bags of Rice for Custom Yearly when as it contains onely three Cities of which the chief at this day call'd Xuicheu was in the time of the Family Tang nam'd Micheu that is City of Rice Not much short of this in plenty is the eleventh County Iuencheufu The fourth County Sunkiangfu of the Province of Kiangnan though small is not to be left out of the Fruitful Countries The fifth Changcheufu being a plain Countrey and Water'd by several Rivers exceeds many other Territories in the goodness of its Soil producing an excellent kind of Grain The seventh Yancheufu hath also a delightful and fertile Soyl. The ninth County Lucheufu being water'd by the Lake Cao possesses in most parts thereof very luxuriant Plains In like manner doth the eleventh Taipingfu The Province of Chekiang by reason of the many Brooks Rivers and Lakes which wash the same is a rich Magazine of Plenty And though Chokiang hath many Mountains on its South and West parts yet they are all Till'd except those which are stony and they also afford Timber fit for the building of Ships or Houses In most parts are store of Mulberry Trees which are Prun'd yearly like our Vines thereby the better to provide Food for the Silk-Worms for the Chineses suffer them not to grow too high having by the experience of many years learn'd that the Leaves of the Orange-Trees and those that are most kept down yield the best Silk In the County Hucheufu the third of the Province of Chekiang grows Cha which is call'd Riaicha In the fifth Territory Kinhaofu grows a sort of great Plumbs which being dry'd are sent from thence to most parts of China The whole County of Ningpofu in the Province of Chekiang hath a fertile Soil except where it is full of Rocks and Mountains The eleventh County Vencheufu flourishes all along till you come to the Mountains in the Province of Fokien which extend themselves a vast way The Province of Fokien is for the most part over spread with Mountains which in many places are cover'd with pleasant Woods especially on steep Ascents The Timber is good for the building of Ships Houses and the like That part also which is plain is for the most part Sandy and unfit for Tillage but to supply that defect the Water is led thither in little Channels whereby those places that are barren by Nature are rendred productive by the Art and Industry of Man The sixth County Tingcheufu hath abundance of all things requisite for the subsistance of Mankind notwithstanding it is very Mountainous The seventh Territory Hinghoafu in the Province of Fokien is the fertilest and pleasantest in the whole Countrey and especially abounding in Rice as appears by its paying seventy two thousand Bags of Tribute whereas it onely contains two Cities The little Territory of the City Foning hath also plenty of Provision notwithstanding it is every where full of Mountains The Province of Quantung is a rich Store-house of Plenty The Fields are so bountiful in the production of Rice and Wheat that they are Sown twice a year each Harvest yielding the Husband-man a most plentiful Crop by reason the whole Province feels neither Frost nor Snow insomuch that the Chineses have a Proverb concerning it viz. That in the Province of Quantung are three unusual things The Skie without Snow The Trees always green and The Inhabitants continually spitting Blood that is to say a red-colour'd Spittle occasion'd by the continual chewing the Leaves of Betel with Faufel or Araka a Composition made of burnt Oyster-shells In the same Province also are every where many excellent Fruits as Pomegranates Grapes Pears Chesnuts Indian Figs Indian Nuts Anana's Lichin Lunggon Ieucu or Muskmelons Apples and all sorts of Citrons The fifth Territory Iaocheufu in the Province of Quantung hath a fertile Soyl except in some places where it is oppress'd with Rocks The sixth Chaokingfu yields store of sweet Wood and amongst the rest that which the Portuguese name Pao de Rosa that is Rose-Wood The ninth County Luicheufu exceeds in many things all the other Territories in the Province of Quantung In most parts of this Countrey grows a Twig which the Chineses call Teng and the Portuguese Rosa. The Province of Quangsi is not altogether so delightful as that of Quantung yet in some measure is supply'd with Provisions The whole Province is full of Hills except the South part which reaches to the Shore where it is all Till'd and Manur'd The third County Kingyvenfu is a Craggy and Mountainous Countrey yet produces Araka little Indian Nuts and the Fruit Lichias The sixth Territory Cincheufu is a pleasant Place and not so barren as the former The Province of Queicheu is the craggiest and unfertilest Place in all China being nothing but a continu'd and inaccessible Ridge of Mountains In the fourth Territory Chinyvenfu grow a sort of Flowers highly esteem'd by the Chineses Granates and Golden Apples The first County Iunnanfu in the Province of Iunnan is a very pleasant Countrey having plenty of all things and rises in some places in Hills and high Mountains and in others extends a vast way on plain and Champain Grounds It produces Rose-Wood In the second County Talifu in the Province of Iunnan grow European Figs which the Chineses call Vuhoaquo that is Fruit without Flowers because they grow without ever having any Blossoms for Vu signifies Without Hoa Flower and Quo A Blossom There likewise grows Cha or Tee The third County Langanfu yields Rice Wheat Honey and Wax and also all sorts of Fruits which grow in India It is partly Champain and partly Mountainous The fourth Territory Cuihungfu is a plain Countrey flourishing with Corn-Fields brave Meadows and Pastures for Cattel The whole County Kingtungfu produces chiefly and therefore in great abundance Rice The Territory Quangnangfu is by the Chineses for its excellent fertility call'd The Golden Land In the fifth Territory Iunnanfu where stands the Garrison'd City Cioking are store of Pine-Apples as likewise in the sixth The seventh
abounds with Silk Ebony-Wood Date-Trees and Araka which the Inhabitants chew with Betel-Leaves as also the Indians who call it Makinnang Thus much of the temperature of the Air and fertility of the Soyl of China as to what concerns their manner of Husbandry and the Description of some Plants that belong properly to China we will here Treat at large Of their manner of Husbandry The Emperor Ven who began his Reign Anno 197 before the Incarnation promoted Husbandry then decay'd by the continual Wars with great zeal and put his own Hands to the Work that by his Example he might oblige all the greatest Noble-men to follow him He caus'd all Women to plant Mulbery-Trees and breed Silk-Worms from the Example of his Empress whom he enjoyn'd to set the fore-mention'd Trees and breed Silk-Worms in his Palace insomuch that all the Clothes she wore and which were us'd in their Religious Ceremonies were of her making It is credible that from hence the high Feast which the Chineses call Hinchun hath its original This may well be term'd The Countrey-man's Holiday for in the beginning of the Spring when the Sun is in the Aequator this Day is by the Chineses through the whole Empire kept with great Solemnity by all degrees of Persons in every City and in the Metropolis Peking it self after this manner One of the chiefest of the Nobility Crown'd with a Garland of Flowers goes to the Eastern Gate of the City with all manner of Instruments Playing before him and attended with a number of burning Torches and Flags Behind follow a Train of Men which carry several Dishes of Meat to Trees whereon hang the ancient Monuments of Husbandry being either made of Wood or some other Material and set forth with Silk and Cloth of Gold In several places through which they pass stand Triumphal Arches and all the Streets are hung with Tapestry In this manner the Nobleman goes to the Eastern Gate as it were to meet the approaching Spring The chiefest Pageantries of this Solemnity are A Cow of Bak'd Clay so big that forty Men are scarce able to carry it The other is a Youth whom they call The Careful and Industrious Spirit who going bare with one Leg and the other cover'd with a Stocking continually strikes the Cow on the Back with a Switch Then follow divers Countrey-men carrying Spades Shovels Axes and the like Tools us'd in Husbandry yet nothing of what they carry or do but represents a peculiar Secret as by the continual beating on the Cow they signifie what care the Husband-man must take in the Manuring of his Lands by the Youths going with one Leg bare and the other antickly clad they express what speed they must use to go to their Labor and scarce allow time to Clothe themselves When the whole Train is led to the King 's or Governor's Palace the Stone Cow is bereav'd of all her Garlands and other Ornamentals Out of her open'd Belly like as from the Trojan Horse little Clayie Oxen are drawn in great numbers of which the Emperor sends one to every Governor with admonishments that the Subjects would be careful and diligent in the Tilling of their Lands and leave not an Acre unsow'd and among other Ceremonies the Emperor himself Plows and throws Seed on the Ground that day The Emperor Hiaou though when he was grown very old betook himself three years before his Death to Husbandry and forsaking all kind of State Affairs Plough'd and Sow'd the Ground himself that by that means he might shew good examples to his Subjects and stir them up in like manner to Husbandry Then enquiring out experienc'd Planters commanded them to go through his whole Dominions and teach all People the way of Husbandry to which purpose they found out all sorts of Implements or Tools useful in Tillage and many other the like things which are requir'd in Husbandry so that we may now cease from wondering that formerly mean Rusticks were rais'd from the Plough to the Imperial Throne and sole Monarchy of all China when we see that Emperors descended from the Throne to the Plough nay which is more manag'd the Empire and the Plough at once The ancient Chinese Emperors and Kings have had several Laws concerning Husbandry amongst which were these The nineteenth part of whatsoe're the Soil produces falls to the Emperor The Governors ought in time of Famine to take notice of the Subjects Goods and Estates and Tax them according to their Quality The dividing of the Ground was after this manner every Person was to have an equal share and one Family no more than the other All the Fields were divided into great Squares and these again into nine lesser of which each Person had one to Manure but the middlemost was either the Emperor's or the King 's Square which was also by eight Overseers Till'd on the Emperor's Account The eight Squares were call'd Peculiar Acres but the middlemost The Cammon or Free Square which when left Untill'd no Man was permitted to Manure his own The Emperor Xinnung first Invented the Plough and other Necessary things for Husbandry and taught the Inhabitants to Sow Wheat Rice Barly Maiz or Turkish Corn and other Grains The Emperor Yu who Raign'd Anno 2207. before the Nativity hath written many things concerning Tillage viz. after what manner the Fields of every County are to be Till'd and Sown for he had gain'd excellent knowledge of the Nature of several Soils to which he attain'd by his own Industry And observing their Situation among Rivers concerning which he also wrote several Treatises and from his Writings the Chineses observe several Rules in their Tilling according to the several qualities of the Ground The Mountains are also in China Manur'd after a peculiar manner but in no Province so much as in that of Fokien because there are the most Mountains Michael Boem observes that the Countrey of China is exceeding fruitful not onely in the producing of Indian especially the Southern Provinces but also all sorts of European Fruits besides others solely belonging to it self It is a wonder to consider how many excellent Fruits the Inhabitants in the fifteen Provinces of China enjoy for those Provinces which want any sorts of Fruits are furnish'd by their Neighbors with those which they have not by which means they have all the Year long fresh Fruits even in the midst of Winter for in some Provinces the Fruits are ripe in November December Ianuary and February in others in March April May and Iune and in some in Iuly August September and October The manner of Nursing up of young Plants amongst the Chineses and most Indians is three several ways The first is by burying of the Fruit and Seed together in the Ground for the Chinese Gardners put whole Golden Apples and other Fruits in the Earth and then Plant the Sprouts which shoot from the Seed at a distance from one another by which means they grow in
a short time to be great Trees and bear excellent Fruit. They Graff their Trees also after the same manner as we do ours and not onely Graff Trees but also Flowers by which means one Stalk if Graffed bears several Flowers of divers shapes and Colours the next Year The third way of Nursing up of Plants is by Lopping as they do in Vineyards and by cutting off Sprigs from old Trees and Planting them again after which manner they increase their Manga and Goyava sometimes onely the Leaves as the Paparja which in a short time run up to be high Trees It is to be observ'd in Trees of what size or sort soever the Chineses intend should speedily grow to Perfection and produce Fruit they Plant the cut-off Branches that day when the Sun enters the fifteenth Degree of Capricorn which never fails to shoot forth in a short time for they have either observ'd by experience or learnt from the Ancients from time to time that onely this day is fit for that business viz. that if a Sprig of what Tree soever be Planted or set in the Ground on that day it will very suddenly become a Fruit bearing Tree Plants DIvers sorts of strange Herbs Trees Roots Canes and Flowers grow in the Countrey of China some of which are proper to China onely others again common to that with other Countries especially India Most of the Provinces yield each of them many Herbs which are of a strange Soveraign Vertue In the seventh County Kingyangfu in the Province of Xensi grows an Herb in manner like a Tuft of Yellow Hair wherefore it is call'd Kinsu that is Silk of Gold or Golden Thred of Silk-worms for Kin signifies Gold and Su Silk It is of a bitterish Taste but more cooling than heating cures suddenly all manner of Scabs and Breakings-out in the Body without leaving the least Spot behind In the same County is a sort of Rice exceeding good to cleanse the Body and especially to provoke Urine There are also several sorts of Beans which are an excellent Remedy against Poyson In the eighth County Ienganfu grows a Flower nam'd Meutang which signifies King of Flowers it is highly esteem'd by the Chineses being bigger than a common Rose and also resembling the same but spreads its Leaves out further and though it smells not so sweet yet is pleasanter to the Eye and without prickles the colour of it is a pale Purple streak'd with White there are also some which are Red and Yellow It grows on a Tree not unlike our Birch-Trees and is Planted in all Gardens through the whole Empire of China though with great Care and Industry for in warm places it must be preserv'd from the heat of the Sun By the Garrison'd City Hocheu grow those Trees that produce Mirobalans and others whose Wood is the Drug call'd Santalum In the County Cinanfu of the Province of Xantung grows a kind of Fruit call'd Linkio and Lieu. In the third County Changtefu in the Province of Honan grow several sorts of Wormwood In the County Hoangcheufu in the Province of Huquang grows White Wormwood so call'd for its excellency by the Chinese Druggists On the Mountains in the County Fangyangfu in the Province of Kiangnan is Red Wormwood both being us'd by the Chineses against many Distempers especially against Heat The true and real China-Root grows onely in the Province of Suchuen but that sort which is Wild in all parts of China for there are two sorts Wild and Tame both which are by the Chineses call'd Folcin or as some say Lampatam None but that which is Wild being of a Reddish Colour within is brought over to us It is not so big as the true and Tame Root neither hath it that Power yet is not altogether void of Efficacy The true Root as they say grows onely in the Province of Suchuen under the Ground in old Woods of Pine-Trees almost after the same manner as Potatoes in India wherefore the Chineses write that it grows from a tough Slime or Pitch of the Pine-Tree which dropping on the Earth fastens in the Ground and becomes a Plant which spreading all about over the Earth breeds a Root under Ground sometimes as big as a Childs Head and in Weight and Form not unlike Coco-nuts from which the Shell or Rind doth not differ much though not so hard and thick but much weaker and thinner under the Rind is a Kernel or white Spungy Flesh which is highly esteem'd by the Chineses and us'd amongst their Medicines yet if they want this they despise not the fore-mention'd Wild sort though it is not altogether of so powerful an Operation The Wild China-Root grows also in Cochin-China on the Coast of Malabar and several other places in India The China-Root as Michael Boem writes is by the Chineses call'd Pe Folcin by the Portuguese Pao de Cina and in Europe China among the Chineses it grows only in the Provinces of Iunnan Quamsi Quantum Kaoli and Leaotum The Plant or Tree is surrounded with many Thorns which touch not the Leaves The Chineses eat the Pith of the Root of this Tree in Broth which is wholsome and us'd against the Gout Ulcers Stoppings in the Stomach Lameness Dropsie Pain in the Legs and Body and many other Distempers the heaviest of them is accounted the best and the White esteem'd before the Red The Powder of this Root taken with Sugar and us'd like a Conserve is generally with good success given against Distempers in the Breast They say that the use and knowledge of this Root was Anno 1535. by the Portuguese brought into India and Europe Another Bastard China-Root of the same Vertue as the Wild Root grows in Brasile especially in the Province of Parayba where the Inhabitants call it Ivaspecanga In the eighth County Iungpingfu in the Province of Peking and in that of Xansi near the City Leao grows the most excellent and famous Root in all China by the Chineses call'd Ginseng and by the Iapanners Nisi The Chinese name Ginseng is taken from the shape because it represents a Man in the Chinese Tongue call'd Gin striding with his Legs it is much smaller than our Mandragora or Mandrake yet we need not doubt but it is a sort of it because it is exactly like it and hath the same Operation The dry'd Root is of a yellow Colour hath very few or scarce any Strings by which it draws Nourishment is streak'd round about with blackish Vains as if drawn with Ink yields when chaw'd an unpleasant sweetness being mix'd with bitterness a quarter of an Ounce of this Root taken in Syrup exceedingly revives the Spirits and if taken in a greater quantity strengthens those that are Sick and Weak and pleasantly warms the whole Body Those that are of a hot and strong Constitution indanger their Lives by using the same because of its too much increasing and heighthning the Spirits but on the contrary it recovers those that
bigness and much more in beauty but is in scent rather worse than better We should call this Flower The great Lilie because it differs not much in fashion especially when it opens its Leaves To this Plont belongs also a sort of Fruit like a Ninepin which is above a Span lang and a Hand thick The top or point of this Fruit is fast to the Stalk on which the Flower hung before the Cod stands upright and hath several Partitions fill'd with Fruits bigger than Hazle-Nuts or French Beans each Fruit is without cover'd with a green Rind and within fill'd up with a white Kernel or Pith of a delightful taste whether fresh or dry'd This Fruit is by the Chinese Physicians highly esteem'd and accounted an excellent Food wherefore they are generally given to sick Persons that are upon their recovery The Leaves of this Plant are very big sometimes two Handfuls broad and for the most part round They lie and drive on the Water like those of our Water-Lilies and joyn by long Stalks to the Root The Root which is thicker than a Mans Arm sends forth a very fine Stalk two or three Ells long distinguish'd with Joynts like a Cane The outward Shell is firm and whole but the Flesh is parted and in several divisions The dry'd Leaves are by Grocers and other Tradesmen us'd in stead of Paper to wrap or wind their Wares in The Root also is very excellent and esteem'd a Dainty of great value in the Summer when it is taken to cool and expel Heat so that nothing belongs to this Plant but what is useful In China are whole Lakes a pleasant thing to behold overgrown with Flowers not wild but produc'd by Art by throwing once a year the Seed into the Water Moreover divers Persons of Quality keep great Earthen Vessels fill'd with Slime and Water in their Gardens wherein they Sowe the foremention'd Flowers In the Lake Hung on the East side of the City Hoaigan in the Province of Kiangnan grows a kind of high Reed which by the Inhabitants of the whole County are burnt in stead of Wood very few Trees growing in that Countrey In all parts of the County Kiahingfu in the Province of Chekiang in standing Water grows a Fruit call'd Peci which is no bigger than a Chesnut and hath a Kernel cover'd with a dark-colour'd Skin white within full of Juice and of a pleasing taste harder than an ordinary Apple and somewhat sowerer This Fruit is said to be of such a Nature that the Juice of it softens Copper to that degree that it may be chew'd in the Mouth In the County Kinhoafu in the Province of Chekiang grows a small Tree with one Flower which the Portuguese in India call Mogorin It is very white like a Iessamin Flower yet fuller of Leaves and of a sweeter smell insomuch that a few of them put in any Room perfumes the whole House wherefore it is not undeservedly held in great esteem amongst the Chineses and the Tree thereof preserv'd with great care in the Winter in Earthen Pots In the same County grows also a Tree call'd Kieuyen which produces a kind of fat substance like Tallow of which pure white Candles are made and are not subject to grease the Fingers though often handled like those which are of Tallow The Tree hath pretty big Leaves somewhat like those of our Pear-Tree with white Blossoms like our Cherry-Trees after the Blossom follows a round Cod as big as a Cherry cover'd with a blackish thin Skin which incloses a white Pith appearing through the Skin which cracks when the Cod is grown ripe The Cods thus ripe are pull'd off and boyl'd in Water by which means the Flesh melting becomes perfect Tallow when grown cold again then the remaining Kernel being press'd produces store of Oyl which they use not in Sallets but burn in Lamps In the Winter the Leaves are quite red like Copper which is pleasant to behold for they appear at a distance like Red-woods At last the Leaves falling off afford excellent Feeding by reason of their fatness for Sheep and other Cattel which so Fed grow exceeding fat On the Mountain Loseu by the City Polo in the Province of Quantung grows a very long and thick Cane the Body thereof being ten Handfulls in circumference On the Mountain Chang by the City Lochang in the same Province grows a black Cane of which the Chineses make their Pipes and many other things which seem as if made of Ebony Wood. On the Shore of the River Kinxe near the City Kinhao grows abundance of thick Canes which the Inhabitants beating into thin Shreds Weave and make Clothes of them The Shore of the River Tao in the County Xaocheufu in the Province of Quantung is all Planted with Peach-Trees from whence it hath its Denomination for Tao signifies A Peach In the County Chaokingfu in the same Province grow divers sorts of sweet Wood and amongst others Rose-Wood by the Portuguese call'd Pao de Rosa of which they make Cabinets Stools Tables and the like It is exceeding good Wood of a dark Red with several Veins and looks naturally as if Painted It grows also in the County Iunnanfu in the Province of Iunnan In most parts of the Province of Quantung and on the Island Aynan grows a kind of Plant by the Chineses call'd Teng and by the Portuguese Rota which seems like a Rope naturally twisted together for it runs along the Ground and over the Mountains like a Rope it is full of Prickles and hath long green Leaves and though scarce a Finger thick extends it self a whole Furlong in length and in such abundance over the Mountains that it makes the Way by its twining and twisting together unpassable It is an exceeding tough Plant and cannot be broke wherefore the Chineses make Cables and Tackling for their Ships of it and slitting it into thin Twigs make Baskets Hurdles and the like of them but most of all exceeding fine Mats on which the Chineses from the meanest Person to the Emperor himself sleep or repose themselves they being very cool in the Summer and by the Chineses long Custom of sleeping in that manner are judg'd very easie notwithstanding they are spread on the bare Floor Of the same Plant they make Quilts and Bolsters for their Beds which they fill with divers sorts of Perfumes The whole Isle of Ainan is overgrown with it especially with the white which is the best In most parts of China grows a Flower call'd Quei but no where in such abundance as in the Province of Quangsi especially in the County Quelingfu from whence the chief City Quelin hath its Denomination for Quelin signifies Flowry Green This Flower grows upon a high Tree whose Leaves are not unlike those of the Laurel or Cinamon-Tree It being very small and of a yellow Colour smells very odoriferously When display'd it hangs a considerable time on the Tree without withering when it falls off
great esteem amongst the Chineses In the Province of Xantung are Wolves which devour both Men and Plants In the Province of Xensi are many Bears whose fore-Feet are by the Chineses accounted a great Dainty In the Mountainous County Linyaofu in the Province of Xensi are many wild Bulls and Beasts like Tygers or Panthers or Leopards and according to Martinius call'd Pau and by Boem Hiven Pao The Chineses make Clothing of their Skins In the Province of Suchuen and likewise in the fifth County Chucheufu in the Province of Quangsi is the Beast which the Greeks call Rhinoceros that is Nose-Horn because of a Horn which it hath on its Snout or Nose The Elephants which are seen in most parts of China are all brought out of the Provinces of Iunnan and Quangsi where they breed in great numbers the Inhabitants making use of them in time of War The whole Province of Chekiang is infested with fierce Tygers but on the Mountain Kutien near the City Kaiho breed Tygers which do no hurt to Men. In the neighboring Countreys again they are very wild and of a cruel Nature yet the wildest of them being brought to this Mountain grow immediately tame Tygers breed also on the Mountain Xepao in the County Gucheufu in the Province of Quangsi There are likewise ravenous Tygers and Leopards in the Mountain Nalo in the County Chinyvenfu in the Province of Iunnan In the County Nanningfu in the Province of Quangsi are great wild Boars with Tusks of a Foot and a half long which with a strange motion of their Bodies they strike at all Persons which come near them and certainly tear them to pieces In no part of China are so many good Horses as in the Province of Iunnan especially in the County Iunnanfu and by the Garrison Moping likewise in the Province of Suchuen near the Garrison'd City Po. On the Mountain Holan in the Province of Xensi by the Garrison'd City Ninghia are many wild Horses The Chinese Horses are generally of no high size but very fat broad Buttock'd and strong for Travel they are Ridden with a Bit and without being beaten observe their Masters words of command In the County Cungkingfu in the Province of Suchuen on the Mountain Tayung are Baboons which in bigness and shape are very like a Man and so furiously lustful after Women that oftentimes surprising them in the Way they Ravish them In the Province of Fokien by the third little City on the Mountain Puon as the Chineses write there is a hairy Animal very like a Man The same Creature call'd Tuse is found in the Kingdom of Gannan In the Province of Xansi about the City Leao and especially in the third County Hangcheufu in the Province of Suchuen in the second Paoningfu and about the City Kiating by the sixth Garrison'd City Tienciven in several places in the Province of Iunnan and many other parts towards the West there is great store of Musk which a kind of Matter taken from the sweating of the Navel in form of a Purse of a certain Beast like a Deer in the Chinese Tongue call'd Xe and the Musk Xehiang that is Scent of the Xe for Hiang signifies Scent or according to Michael Boem and Philip Marinus in his History of the Kingdom of Tunking Xehiang signifies properly A sweet-scented Hart. Philip Marinus before mention'd describes the Musk which this Beast produces in this manner They have meaning those of Laos the natural and true Musk out of the Kingdom of Goai In the Woods lurks a Deer which the Chineses call Yehiam that is Musk-Deer which is as big as a Doe or Hart though to speak truth I know no Beast that hath greater resemblance with it except the Head which is like that of a Wolf and hath two long Teeth than an old wild Boar it is of a sadder colour than a Deer and so slow in motion that the Hunters thereof are onely troubled to rouze it for then it stands still and suffers it self to be kill'd without making the least resistance Moreover the Musk which they take from this Beast is of divers Prices After they have taken it they draw all the Blood from it and keep it apart from his Navel they also cut a Bag which is full of Blood or sweet-scented Moisture then they flay and cut it in many pieces When they will make the best Musk of it they take one half of the Beast the hind part from the Kidneys which with a little Blood they stamp in a great Stone-Mortar till they have made it a Pap with which after it is dry'd they fill little Bags made of the Deers Skin There is a worse sort made of the fore-part of the Beast as far as the Kidneys but the worst of all is made of the whole Beast together And this last is the Musk us'd in these Countreys of Europe Thus far Marinus When this Beast as the Chineses write is carry'd out of the Kingdom of Lu into that of Laos it dies instantly like a Fish which is taken out of the Water Birds IN the Province of Xensi about the Garrison'd City Mincheu and by the sixth Garrison'd City Tienciven in the Province of Suchuen are Hens whose Bodies are cover'd with Wool like that of Sheep in stead of Feathers they are little and have short Legs but are very valiant great Ladies keep them for their pleasure The like sort are also in Kambodia and Siam But Kircher objects against this Relation and maintains by several Arguments that they are rather fine curl'd Feathers or Doun than Wool In the County Nanningfu in the Province of Quangsi are a sort of strange and wonderful Hens which evacuate long Threds such as are generally Spun of the Cotton which grows on Trees and if they be not immediately taken from them swallow them up again Another sort of wild Hens call'd Ieki breed on the high Mountains in the Provinces of Xensi and Quangsi and are of an extraordinary bigness having white Heads and divers colour'd Feathers with Bunches both on their Backs and Breasts wherefore they are by some call'd Toki that is Cammel-Hens In the first County Chingtefu in the Province of Suchuen is a strange and wonderful Bird which the Chineses call Tunghoafung that is The Bird of the Flower Tung Fung signifies a Bird and Hoa a Flower and Tung is the proper Name for the Flower for it grows out of the Flower Tunghoa and lives so long as the Flower of the Tree continues We might justly call it A Living Flower partly for its likeness and beauty and partly for its shortness of life It hath a reddish Bill tastes very sweet and is very admirable to behold being of all sorts of Colours In several parts of China is a Bird nam'd Chin whose Feathers mix'd with Wine made of Rice and afterwards pounded very small is so deadly a Poyson that no Medicine whatsoever can expel the same In the County Xincheufu
Stature white Skins brown Eyes and extraordinary small Feet in which last they account their chiefest Beauty to consist for though a Woman be never so fair yet she is accounted homely if she hath great Feet insomuch that the Mothers Swathe and Rowl up their Daughters Feet from their Infancy that by these Swathes which they wear all their Life-time they may prevent the natural growth of them This Swathing of their Feet often occasions in tender Bodies such a pain that they sometimes become lame of their Feet and decrepit yet the Women generally Dance prettily and make strange gestures with their bare Arms. Some will have it that this Swathing was invenâ—…ed by some politick and jealous Person that by this means they might be kept at home and prevented from walking the Streets which in that Countrey â—…edounds to the dishonor of the Women and disesteem of the Men. But as Martinius tells us this Custom was deriv'd from Taquia an ancient Empress of Che who though exceeding all other Women in Beauty had extraordinary small Feet which extreamly troubled her in going her Women hereupon in flattery imitated her and also to make their Feet smaller Swath'd them and this Custom to this day is of such Authority among them that should they behold a second Helen they would look upon her as a Monster if she had great Feet Others say that Taquia was no Woman but a Spirit in Female shape with Goats Feet which because she would not have them discover'd she kept continually wrap'd up and that from thence it hath also been a Custom for Women to cover their Feet which if they do not it is accounted very ridiculous Moreover in this they resemble Taquia that their Feet seem so little in their Shoes that they appear no bigger than Goats Feet The Chineses both Men and Women before the Conquering of the Empire of China by the Tartars are said to have wore long Hair on their Heads without ever Shaving it except Children who till the fifteenth year of their Age Shav'd their Heads only leaving a long Lock on their Crown after that time they suffer'd their Hair to grow without Shaving till they came to twenty years of age which was the time that Men putting on their Hat of Manhood an ancient Custom like that of the Toga Virilis amongst the Romans and let it hang loose over their Shoulders In the twentieth year they ty'd up their Hair and wore a Cap or Hat over it made of Horse-hair or Silk but this Cap was not us'd by the Women who went only with their Hair ty'd up and adorn'd with Gold Silver Precious-stones and all manner of curious Flowers and the like But there hath been since a great alteration in the Shaving and Wearing of their Hair for all those Chineses which were subdu'd by them were forc'd to Shave their Hair according to the Tartar fashion only reserving one Lock behind on their Heads wherefore the Hollanders generally call them Shaven Chineses as those who refusing to submit to the Tartars and to Shave off their Hair joyn'd with the Rebel Kâ—…xinga are call'd Unshaven Chineses â—…ut in former times they took such a Pride in their long Hair that they rather chose to Die than lose the least Lock thereof nor was it only Pride but something of Superstition that made them so concern'd in long Hair for they like the Mahumetants entertain'd a simple Imagination that they should be pull'd up to Heaven by their Hair Nevertheless the Priests us'd in ancient times to Shave the Hair of their Heads and Beards every eighth day The Chineses also have a strange Opinion of themselves accounting none equal to them and looking upon all Affairs of foraign Kingdoms and People as not worthy their knowledge nor description insomuch that we find not any one Countrey which they have frequented with their Ships mention'd in their Histories when as they are very exact in the describing of those Countries within their own Dominions Moreover all the Names with which they express foraign places are ridiculous and signifying either Barbarians Slaves or the like for they never take notice of the proper and true Names of Strangers as for example they ridiculously name the Iapanners Vocu which by them signifies The Countrey of a Barbaâ—…ian Language and the Tartars Nucieu All the Northern Chinefes or the Inhabitants of the seven Northern Provinces especially those of the Province of Peking are Inferior to those of the Southern Provinces in Learning Arts and other Exercises of Ingenuity but are Valianter and better Soldiers In like manner the Southern Chineses are very Politick and Civil and the Northern Rough and Unpolish'd As for the Inhabitants of the Province of Xensi they are very Civil and Courteous yet they are as dull in Learning as the other Northern Chineses Those of the Province of Fokien are much inclin'd to Riot and Lasciviousness yet are they Politick of great Understanding and subtile in the way of Merchandize very full of Fraud They are addicted to Literature and have many Learned Persons among them yet they are by the other Chineses accounted a People of a Salvage cruel Nature as seeming to have retain'd some of the antique Barbarism because they were the last that imbrac'd the present Laws and Customs of the Chineses The Inhabitants of the little City Vuâ—…iven in the Province of Quangsi are in high credit amongst the Chineses for their Policy and Understanding many of them being chosen for Governors and High-priests The City Xaohing in the Province of Chekiang sends forth the most Ingenious and best Orators in all China insomuch that there is scarce a Governor but hath one of this City for his Council The Inhabitants of the eleventh County Vencheufu in the Province of Chekiang have been of old much given to the abominable Sin of Sodomy which is grown so habitual among them that neither Law nor shame restrains them from acting it publickly Several Mountains lying in the twelfth County of Xincheufu in the Province of Huquang are inhabited by Wild and Salvage People call'd Vulinman Concerning the Original of these People the Chinese Writers give us this fabulous account King Kaosin Warring against a Robber nam'd U was driven by him to utmost extremity for the Robbers Valor and Experience in War was such that he often Defeated King Kaosin and Routed all his Forces wherefore Kaosin caus'd to be Proclaim'd amongst his Souldiers that he would give twenty thousand Ounces of Silver and a City with his youngest Daughter to any one that would bring him the General U's Head While this Edict was in force King Kaosin's Dog call'd Puonho ran into the Enemies Army which lay at that time Incamp'd in a Wood and killing the General U brought his Head to the King who exceedingly rejoyc'd at the Death of so great an Enemy yet thought himself not oblig'd to perform what the Proclamation had promis'd as concluding it very unseemly for a Beast to
Marry a Woman Which his Daughter hearing urg'd the Sacredness of the Edict and of the King's Word which ought not to be broke and thereupon she was Marry'd to the Dog by whom in six years time she had six Sons and six Daughters who by Marrying one another bred a Generation of Dog-like Natur'd People But it is to be suppos'd that this Fable was feign'd by the Chineses because they accounted none to be Humane which are not of their Countrey or observe their Laws Yet in the Journal of a Monk written in the second Book of Navigation and Travels Collected by M. Gio Baptista Ramusio we find this for the confirmation of these Dogs The Tartars returning through the Wildernesses came to a Countrey in which as the Ruthens which had been there relate they found a Generation of Wild Women who after they had been ask'd by several Interpreters what People they were that Inhabited that Countrey answer'd That all the Women of that place were of humane shape but the Men like Dogs And that upon this occasion whilst the Tartars stay'd in this Countrey the Dogs met together on one side of the River and leap'd being Winter into the Water and afterwards roul'd themselves in the Sand which by the excessive cold Froze upon them and Arm'd them with a kind of a Coat of Mail This having done several times together the Tartars falling upon them threw their Darts at them but the Dogs running amongst the midst of them made a great slaughter among them and drove the Tartars out of the Countrey and took Possession thereof Thus far Baptista The Inhabitants of the eighth County Taiping in the Province of Quangsi are by a Chinese Writer call'd Barbarians because having cast off the Chinese Laws and Government they go bare-footed like Salvage People and live without Law Rule Order or Decency killing one another upon every slight occasion Also on the Mountains in the ninth County Cuncheufu in the Province of Kiangsi there live many wild People which according to the Relation of the Chinese Writers live after a Salvage and Bestial manner Likewise on the Mountains in the Province of Queicheu inhabit a People for the most part Wild and untractable for they observe not the Chinese Laws or Customs but live of themselves under several Governors of their own Elections They often Sally out upon the Chineses which live near them sometimes forcing them to a Peace which at their pleasure they break again never suffering any that are not for their way of Living to come amongst them To reduce this Countrey to Reason the Emperors have often sent Forces thither but with little success that ever was heard of Those of Queiyangfu in the time of the Family Taiming first apply'd themselves to study the Learning and Customs of the Chineses by which means not a few of them have attain'd to the highest degree thereof The People of the second County Sucheufu of the Province of Queicheu are strong Limb'd and Valiant and withal Courteous and Civil yet have something of Wild in their manner of Living they go with their Hair loose bare-footed and the Soles of their Feet have contracted such a hard Callosity that they fear not to tread on the sharpest Stones and most prickly Thornes Those of the third County though somewhat of a Salvage Nature yet they have mix'd therewith a kind of Clownish Civility The Mountaineers of the sixth County Tungganfu in the Province of Queicheu were formerly the most Cruel and Barbarous People in all that Province Proud of themselves Fraudulent and having a Custom among them to kill their old People but have of late by their conversing with the other Chineses learnt something of Morality The City Hinghoa in the Province of Fokien is famous for the Industriousness of its Inhabitants in Learning Arts and ingenious Faculties The Inhabitants of the seventh County Yancheufu of the Province of Kiangnan are much inclin'd to Lasciviousness The Northern Mountaineers as in the County of the Garrison'd City Puting of the Province of Queicheu trouble not themselves with Learning Manners or Civility every one doing what they please living without Laws or Government The Inhabitants of the Mountain near the Garrison'd City Lungli have by their Conversing with the neighboring Chineses learn'd several of their Customs yet going always Arm'd delight in War and the noise of Arms. Those of the Province of Kiangsi are politick and subtle and many of them attain to the highest degree of Literature and thereby are rais'd to great Preferments The Inhabitants of the City Sucheu in the Province of Nanking are exceedingly inclin'd to dainty and delicious Fare and love the Art of Candying and Preserving in Sugar All the Inhabitants of the ninth County Ningpofu in the Province of Chekiang are great lovers of salt Meats whereupon this proverbial Sentence passes upon them That they cannot rot after Death being so much saâ—…ted during Life The People of the Province of Iunnan by reason of their Neighborhood to India participate with them in their Customs and the main thing wherein they differ from the rest of the Chineses is this namely that whereas in all parts of China besides they Lock their Women up in their Houses and suffer them not to be spoken with or seen by any Man or ever to come out of their Houses into the Streets here the Women walk abroad upon their occasions as in Europe They exceed the rest of the Chineses in Courage and Valour being never daunted at the Engaging of an Enemy and training up their Elephants to War They are friendly Courteous and Civil to Strangers and more tractable to embrace the Christian Religion than any of the Chineses besides On the North-side of the fourth County Cuihungfu in the Province of Iunnan before the Tartars coming into China in the time of the Family Iuen dwelt a People call'd Kinchi that is Golden-Teeth because they us'd to cover their Teeth with thin Plates of Gold which is also a Custom amongst those of the eighth Garrison'd City in the same Province The Inhabitants of the twelfth County Xunningfu in the same Province are very barbarous and inhumane some of them take pleasure to make their Teeth black others Paint several Images on their Faces rubbing in their Skin first pierc'd with a Needle a kind of black Colour The Inhabitants of the first Garrison'd City Kiocing of the same Province are good Husband-men but very litigious often spending in Law that which they have labour'd for the whole year and all for a trifle yet they are not the onely People possess'd with this fond humor but may be paralell'd in this Nation especially in some parts of Wales The People of the second Garrison'd City Yaogan in the same Province are according to the Chinese Writers prodigiously strong and therefore delight more in War than Peace The Inhabitants of the third Garrison'd City Cioking in the same Province are valiant prudent and stout People they Fight generally with
Their Authority The punishment of Criminals Shew great respect one to another and chiefly the Youth to the antient People Strange Marriage The Formosan Men live not with the Women May not speak to them in the day-time Horrible Murder of their Infants In what year the Formosan Men begin to keep House with their Wives Unmarry'd People have their Dwellings apart The Formosan Houses are artificial Their Houshold-stuff Feasts Strange ordering of their Dead Strange Dancings How strangely they order their Sick The Religion of the Formosans What they account Sin Their chiefest Idols Their gods of War Women perform Divine Services Strange actions Drunkenness a Vertue The Office of the Inibs Formosans become Christians Why they are easier converted than other Indidians The Island Formosa is divided into eight Dominions Beasts Every Picol is 125 pound weight Apparel Houses The strength of the Island Manner of Fighting Arms. Curing of their Sick Mourning for the Dead Seven Feasts First Second Feast Third Feast Fourth Feast Fifth Feast Sixth Feast Seventh Feast Hunting Language A kind of their Meat or Drink The Rebellion ended A Plague of Locusts Tayowan very barren yet populous Fort Zelandia Castle of Utrecht a A sort of small Vessels Inhabitants Lib. 9. pag. 389. Number of Guns Seamen and Soldiers The Fleet divided into three Squadrons Weighs Anchor Island of Hoorn Thousand Islands Boomyes Riff Island Lukapar Island Banka Poele Toutyon Island Linge Poele Zay Strange Birds-nests a That is about two Spanish Duckets Lignum Aloes Bay of Pangerang Lignum Aloes Box-Islands Poeyan Poele Canton Island Hainan Tang Goie Cape Puthay Storm-Bay Cape of Cavalles Sotiha taken Van Campen go's ashore Five Mandarins come aboard the Naerden A Mandarin with a Letter from the Vice-Roy and General to Admiral Bort A Letter from the Governor of Hoksieu to Bort The Instructions of the Admiral to the Agents going to Sinksieu These were taken before by Coxinga The Agents come to Hoksieu The Viceroy's Palace The Fort Aulavia The Village Lanpon The City Hokzwa The City Zwansifoe The City Engeling Forts Twaia City Tanwa Come in sight of the City Sinksieu Are fetched in Make their Arrival known and desire Audience Ride to the Army Presents for the Vice-Roy a A kind of Iapan Chest of Drawers The Agents go to the General Lipovi a That is Baskets The Agents address themselves to the Vice-Roy and General in the Army Vice-Roy's Discourse to the Hollanders City Sinksieu City Tamwa Fort Tamhoe City Zwansifoe Fort Zwansehoo City Enwa Fort Lantongzwa Martinius Hist. of China publish'd in 1653. Leave Hokzwa Fort Anlavja The Agents Treatment with Hanlavia Islands of Pakka Iohn Van Campen's Bay City Samzwa City Zwathia Fort Kitat taken by the Netherlanders The Conquer'd Chineses wear their Hair short as the Tartars The red Flag among the Tartar-Chineses signifies Peace as the white Flag War Orders from the grand Council of Batavia a An Officer belonging to the City Assam is a Hollander otherwise call'd Maurice and brought the first Letter from Summimpessiou a Singlamong and Lipovi a Unthresâ—…'d Rice February By the Hollanders call'd The Straights of Tayowan March a Lavja which is the termination of all these Names is no other than such a one Lord or the Lord such a one Chineses come over to the Hollanders The Original of the City Macao March The return of the five Ships with the Rere-Admiral from the Coast of China March 1664. A Copy of the Council of States Letter â—…rse with May. Feast Peelou kept by the Chineses Lipovi will resign his Governorship Hogenhoeks Request for the Emperors Allowance Iune Secretary Zangia comeâ—… to Hogenhoek Iuly Hogenhoek visits Lipovi August Hogenhoek invited by the Vice-Roy to Dinner His Discourse with him Borders Borders Cities Borders Cities Borders Towns Names Borders Names Towns Borders Names Towns Borders Names Towns Borders The smallest Tract of Land belonging to the City Foning Fortresses Martin Histor. Sinen l. 2. pag. 54. a A Chinese Strong-Water a As the Dutch call it a Chinese Suckets a Captain Nobel October a The Ambassador November Four Months the River Hoksieu in China not navigable a A kind of Corn. December Trigaut A Conderin is a small Chinese Weight A Letter to the General Talavja The General 's Answer Nobel desires a Pass for the Blyswiik Frigat Nobel's Request to the General The General 's Factor's Proffer to Nobel Nobel's Answer Novel and Vander Does Discourse with the General His Answer Ianuary 1667. Blyswiik Frigat sets Sail. Liu-lavja comes to the Netherlanders in the Lodge Nobel and Vander Does go to the General The General 's Order for the seized Batavian Chinese Goods Are carry'd away Nobel and Vander Does come to the Vice-Roy Nobel and Harthouwer go to the General Cannot be admitted 〈◊〉 have Audience Letters sent to Holland Van Hoorn Dines with the chief Factor The Ambassador receives order to go his Journey Leave Hoksieu But twenty four Hollanders are suffer'd to go to Peking Ambassador proceeds on his Journey Ambassadors Expences The City Ienping February The City Kienningfoe The City Poutchin Presents Landed The Ambassador leaves Poutchin Territory Chekiang Division Names Cities Borders Borders Towns Borders Towns Borders Towns Borders Names Towns Borders Towns Fortresses Islands River Che. Lake Sikin Lake Pehiai Pool Papou its strange quality Bird Hoangcio Fish Hoang A strange quality of a Mountain Oysters Fruit Peci its strange quality Hower Mogorin Tallow Tree Revenâ—…es paid by this Province to the Emperor Mountains Iakoling Tâ—…anchia Sunthia March City Kiucheu City Iansjenne City Sinching City Fujang Chankeeuw the Suburb of Hancheu Pingtouw visits the Ambassador The Ambassador goes to the General The Governor refuses the Presents Complementing Letter to the General To the Conbon Presents sent from the Conbon to he Ambassador General 's Present Nobel and Vander Does go to the General Goes also to the Conbon And to Manchu They concluded to send for a Ship with Merchandize and from Hoksieu to Ningpo Van Hoorn writes to Harthouwer concerning it Presents for the Pingtouw Orders not to Transport Silk Chekiang produces much Silk Histor. China Borders of the Province Nanking Worth Division Borders Towns Names Walls Gates An antient Palacâ—… of the Emperors A strange Tower Porcellane Tower Borders Names Towns Borders Towns Names Borders Towns Towns Borders Names Borders Towns Borders Names Borders Towns Borders Towns Borders Names Towns Come to Sucheu The Conbon Presents the Ambassador Shift the Goods The Conbon sends Provender The Ambassador Complemented by a Mandarin Leave Siucheu Haven Masters belonging to Hanksieu depart The Ambassador's Letter to the General and Conbon of Hanksieu The City Usie April City Tanyang City Chinkiang The Ambassador is invited to the Governor Presents to the Governor Discourse between the Ambassador and two Mandarins Wayopoe City Kayoven City Paoing Arrive at Hoaigan The Ambassador is entertain'd by the Governor of Hoaigan A Complementing Letter from the Ambassador to the Commissary Presents to the Ambassador Letter to
Zukeng 7 1258 XXII Zukia 2 1225 XXIII Linsin 63 1219 XXIV Kenting 21 1198 XXV Uvye 4 1194 XXVI Taiting 3 1191 XXVII Tiye 37 1154 XXVIII Che 33 After the subduing of the House of Xang rose the Family Cheu Anno 1122. and flourish'd till Anno 247. before our Saviors Nativity under thirty seven Emperors The first of them was a Prince call'd Fa who when he enjoy'd the Crown chang'd his Name to V which signifies Valiant and they say that from him all the Emperors since at their entring on the Throne change their Names He possess'd in the Province Xensi a Countrey nam'd Cheu from whence the Family receiv'd their Denomination Before Christs Birth Raign'd Years 1078 I. Fa or U 7 1115 II. Ching 38 1122 III. Kang 26 1056 IV. Cha 51 1001 V. Mo 55 946 VI. Cung 12 934 VII Is 25 894 VIII Hia 15 896 IX Is 16 878 X. Li 38 827 XI Siveni 46 781 XII Ie 11 770 XIII Ping 51 719 XIV Vou 23 696 XV. Chuang 15 631 XVI Li 5 676 XVII Hoei 25 651 XVIII Siang 33 618 XIX Hiang 6 612 XX. Quang 6 606 XXI Fing 21 585 XXII Kien 14 571 XXIII Ling 27 544 XXIV King 25 519 XXV King 44 Between which was the Emperor Menguen who Raign'd scarce a Moneth  Raign'd  Years 475 XXVI Yuen 7 468 XXVII Chinting 27 440 XXX Ka 15 Ka is accounted the thirtieth for after Chintung's Death his other Sons being Kiucie and Xocie attempted for the Empire and in that regard were accounted as being two viz. the twenty eighth and twenty ninth because they acted for some time but at last Ka mastering them became absolute and so was reckon'd the thirtieth  Raign'd Years 542 XXXI Gueilie 24 401 XXXII Gan 26 375 XXXIII Lie 7 368 XXXIV Hien 48 322 XXXV Xicini 6 314 XXXVI Fo 59 254 XXXVII Cheukuni 9 After the House of Cheu came the Family Cin under their Advancer Ching who was afterwards call'd Xi in the Year 246. and continu'd but to Anno 206.  Raign'd Years 246 I. Ching or Xi 37 209 II. Ulxi 3 206 III. Ing 46 After the Family Cin the House of Han follow'd which flourish'd till Anno 264. after Christ. The first Raiser of this House was Before the Nativity Raign'd Years 206 I. Lieupang or Kaozu 17 194 II. Hoei 7 187 III. Liuheva a Woman 8 179 IV. Veni 23 156 V. Hiaoking 16 140 VI. Hiaou 54 86 VII Hiaoche 12 74 VIII Ho 7 73 IX Siveni 25 48 X. Iuen 16 32 XI Ching 26 6 XII Ngay 6 These are the Names of the Emperors every one in their Families before the Birth of our Saviour according as they are written in the Chinese Chronicles Translated into Latin by Father Martyn but those that have Raign'd since the Incarnation I have receiv'd no account of being not yet render'd to us in any other Language After the Family of Han arose that of Cyn and flourish'd after the Birth of Christ till Anno 1419. At the same time were also five Kings call'd Utai which maintain'd War against one another till by their Ruine the Family Tang took upon them the sole Government of China which they kept till Anno 618. In the Year 923. the Family Sung succeeded that of Tang and Raign'd over all China till Anno 1278. when this House was utterly subdu'd by the Tartars who set up the Family of Iuen which Govern'd China till 1368. in which Year rose the House of Taiming from a Priest call'd Chu who drove the Tartars out of China but this Family was Anno 1644. destroy'd and by a huge Rebellion the East Tartars of Munchu were invited to Ayd the Prince but the way once open'd they swallow'd all and from their Prince nam'd the whole Empire of China Taising The Magistrates or Governors in China taken in general are of two Degrees or Orders the first are such as not only in the Metropolis officiate the places of Privy Councellors but from thence have influence over the whole Empire the other are such as Govern peculiar Provinces or Cities The general Government or that of the first Degree are by Alvarez Semedo describ'd in the following words The Prime Government of China consists in six Benches Chambers or Courts which by a general Name are call'd Pu that is The Kings Benches These manage not only the Affairs of the Realm in the Courts where they reside but like the Head on which all the other depend Rule and give Orders to them according to their several places Every Councel hath his President which they call Chamxu with two Assistants the one nam'd Koxilam who is the Chief and sits on the left Hand by them counted most honorable and the other Yeuxilam These are the first and most profitable Offices of the Empire except that of Kolao's so that a Tutang or Vice-Roy of what Province so e're it be after he hath given Testimony of his Capacity if he would be Promoted thinks himself well provided for though not a Prime Councellor to be only one of the Assistants that sit on the left or right Hand Besides these there is a Councel of Ten which are of equal Dignity only distinguish'd by several Titles and deciding of different Causes To these are to be added the vast numbers of greater and lesser Officers as Notaries Secretaries Clerks Servants Officers and such as we call Bayliffs besides many others not known in Europe The first Councel or Court which have the greatest Command and receive the highest Presents and greatest Fees are the Councel of State call'd Lipu that is properly Councel of Magistrates for Pu signifies a Councel and Li Magistrates To these belong all the Offices in the Empire to change or promote them for he who is once in an Employment rises continually by degrees to higher Dignities They have also Power to restore those to their Employments that are displac'd as if a Mandarin is for some Misdemeanor put out of his place he may easily obtain it again if he be in favor with this Councel The second Bench is call'd Pimpu that is Councel of War which have as great a Command as those of State viz. over all the Militia with the Schools and Academies and for instruction of Youth in Martial Discipline and the Exercise of Arms. The third is of the Customs call'd Limpu which though not of great Commands yet they are of no less Quality for the Mandarins in which it consists are chosen out of the Emperor's Councel Hanlin which are next to the Kolao's the Prime place of Honor in China This Council hath knowledge of all Letters and likewise of Ecclesiastical Affairs Bonzies Strangers and the like The fourth Councel is that of the Emperor's Revenues call'd Hupu which take care to get in the Emperor's Treasure Customs Farms and in general all things that bring in Money The fifth call'd Cumpu look after all business of Building and Architecture and especially what belongs