Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	call_v	river_n	run_v	9,063	5	8.1560	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A31221	A short discoverie of the coasts and continent of America, from the equinoctiall northward, and the adjacent isles by William Castell ... ; whereunto is prefixed the authors petition to this present Parliament for the propagation of the Gospell in America, attested by many eminent English and Scottish divines ... ; together with Sir Benjamin Rudyers speech in Parliament, 21 Jan. concerning America.	Castell, William, d. 1645.; Rudyerd, Benjamin, Sir, 1572-1658.	1644 (1644)	Wing C1231; ESTC R20571	76,547	112

with the Countryes thereunto belonging so as by helpe of their great labour and cost upon some further search as compleat a discovery in short time may be had of this large goodly Couutry as of any other in America to the future incredible benefit of our Nation who might long since have injoyed the inestimable riches thereof had the true relation of incomparable Raleigh in his Book Intituled Guiana found that credit or his most powerfull motives had so timely prevailed with this Kingdome as was but requisite when the Spaniard had got but little knowledge and lesse ●●re-footing in those parts This I write not as conceiving England now too weake to remove the Spaniard thence No I know very well that the power and wisdome of this Kingdome now met in Parliament might I hope would before this have sent forth such a power and well prepared Navy as might have driven him out of his strongest holds in any part of the North America unto which any reasonable neare accesse may be made by water had not Spanish Factours Jesuits from abroad and grand Pensioners at home raised these present most cruel most unnaturall I should rather say infernall commotions in this Kingdome and that in Ireland purposely to divert their wisedome from taking such a designe into any deepe consideration being distracted and perplexed on all sides But to the matter great and long inquiry hath been made by the Spanish English and Dutch to find out Manoa otherwise called El Dorado the chiefe City of Guiana and the golden Mountaines adjacent by those great Rivers that empty themselves into the East Ocean especially by those the two greatest Oronoque and Amazon both upward and downeward I meane downeward neare from whence they arise upward from their wide mouthes where they fall into the Sea Of Spaniards the first of note who attemp●ed the search of Guiana by the River Oronoque were Diego Ordace a Knight of the Order of Saint Iago and Pedro Harnandez de Serpa but we find nothing of worth or certainty to have beene performed by either of them in that search Onely Sir Walter Raleigh affirmeth that he did see a great Anchor of Ordaces ship lying in a Port called M●requito 300 miles within the Land upon the River Oronoque a strong proofe he was there As for Pedro Harnandez it is said by some that taking his journey from Cumana in the West-Indies by land toward Oronoque which may be about 120 leagues he was set upon and quite overthrowne by a Nation of the Indians called W●kery before he came to the borders of the said River Others affirme that he was defeated in the very entrance of Guiana at the first civill Towne of the Empire called Magureguary but of this there is but little certainty One Martines and Berea a Spanish Gentleman and a Commander of great note and quality after them proved farre more succesfull if we may rely upon Bereas own report as it was taken by Sir Walter Raleigh from his own mouth Marianes discovery briefly hapened thus I may well say happened for though never so true yet was it but a meere chance The foresaid Voyage of Ordace being utterly lost by reason his provision of Gunpowder was at once blowne up through the negligence of this Martines his finall judgement was that he should be set into a Canoa alone without any victuall onely with his Armes and so turned loose into the great River But it pleased God that the Canoa was carried downe the stream and that certaine Guianians met it the same evening and having never seene any Christian or man before of that colour they carried him into the Country to be wondred at and so from Towne to Towne untill he came to the great City Manoah the place of Inga the Emperours abode Who upon the first sight of him knew him to be a Christian as having seene many in Peru where he formerly lived before his brother Atabalipa Emperour thereof was vanquished by the Spaniard At what time he and many thousands more fled to Guiana where within halfe an age by reason of the exceeding riches and fertility of that large Country having subdued many Nations he became as potent as ever his magnificent Ancestors were in Peru. The entertainment of this Martines by Inga is by himselfe acknowledged to have been very free and bountifull for though he was brought blindfold thither and during the time of his abode in Manoa which was seven moneths he was not suffered to wander anywhere into the Country yet Inga caused him to be lodged in his owne Palace and to be every way well provided for At the end of which time when he had somewhat learned the language he obtained favour of the Emperour to depart with whom he sent divers Guianians to conduct him to the River of Orinoque all loaden with as much gold as they could beare given to Martines at his departure of all which as he arived neare the River side the Oronoque poni enemies to Inga robbed him save onely of two great bottles of Gords which were filled with beads of gold curiously wrought With these the Oronoque-poni who thought the bottles onley to have contained some food permitted him to passe dowre Oronoque in Canoas From whence he got to Trinidado and from thence to Margarita and so to Saint Ivan de Puerto-Rico where at the time of his death receiving the Sacrament he affirmed the truth of this Relation and gave his gold beads to the Church You have heard the unexpected successe of Martines wandring heare now briefly the long and difficult travailes of Berea which were purposely undertaken as they are recorded by the same Author from hsi owne mouth Gundizalvus Zimenes hauing without any good successe spent much in the search of Guiana by those Rivers of Nuevo Reygno that fall into Oronoque left at his death a very great 〈◊〉 to Berea who had married his daughter conditionally he with his best endeavour should prosequte his designe of Guiana which he faithfully performed for not long after he fell with great strength and provisions downe the River Cassanar rising in Nuevo Reygno out of the mountaines neare the City of Tunia and falling into Meta another River springing out of a mountaine neare Pampalone in the same Nuevo Reygno de Granado where it loseth its name as likewise doth Meta when a little above the fifth degree of North Latitude it emptieth it selfe into Bariquan otherwise called Bariqui c●meto a River of Venezuella which after a hundred Leagues turning and winding meeteth and joyneth with the River Huriaparia which is Oronoque Where it is to be observed that though Berea had from his first setting forth from the River Casanar fallen neare two degrees to the South yet he according to Geographicall description in the best Mappes fell short a degree in Latitude and at least seventy Leagues in Longitude of Macurewarai the nearest Towne of all Guiana properly so called and somewhat more

then three from Manoa the cheife City so as keeping his course as he acknowledgeth he did downe Orinoque running directly North-East from thence there was then no hope of finding what he so eagerly sought for but instead thereof received both in his forces and provisions much losse many of them perishing by water his small vessels being split upon rockes or overwhelmed and swallowed with the violence of the streame and many of them killed by the Natives The first place of note he arrived at was the Province of Amapaia which he affirmed to be rich in gold and though for the greatest time of his abode there which was six moneths he was feircely infefted by the inhabitants yet at length after the concluding of a peace betweene them he obtained eight Images of gold as curiously made as any in Europe which he sent to the King of Spaine The River of Oronoque running on the East side of Amapaia is said to be twelve miles broad and about seven or eight hundreth miles from its fall into the Ocean From hence getting over to the South-East side of Orinoque he sought very diligently to have found an entrance into Guiana but could finde none all places being stopped up with high unpassable mountaines And although he met with divers Rivers both on the one and on the other side of Orinoque yet he professed he could not learne the name of them but onely of the River Caroly neither could he as he pretended for want of the use of Geography expresse of what degrees they were so as he utterly despaired of obtaining any good successe in this voyage untill he came to Emeria where he found store of provision and the inhabitants of a more peaceable and civell disposition The petty King thereof was called Carapana a man of a hundred yeeres of age who in his youth had beene often at the Islands of Trinidado and Marga●ita where he traded with the Christians there and learned much from them how to governe his people Berea having staid here some good space of time and having as he conceived gained sufficient knowledge of Guiana betaketh himself without staying anywhere downe the River Oronoque directly to Trinidado from thence not long after he sent backe againe to Carapana who directed them to Morequito Lord of Aramaia as having better knowledge of Guiana living foure or five dayes journey from Magureguaira This Morequito had some few yeeres before brought much gold to Gumana and withall had so highly extolled the great riches of Guiana as that Vedes the Governour of Margarita sought to have obtained a patent thereof from the King of Spaine but was prevented by Berea which so troubled More●uito for his acquaintance Vedes sake with whom he had much ingratiated himselfe as that though he feared openly to deny Bereas request in sending guides with his men to trucke with the Guianians for gold Yet privily upon their returne which is reported to have beene with much store of gold he caused them to be mutthered neare the bankes of Oronoque one onely escaping to informe Berea of this 〈◊〉 act which he conceiving to have beene plotted by Morequito sent a good part of the men he had at Trinidado to take him and to spoyle his Covntry Before whose coming Morequi●o hearing of it fled to Vides for succour but being within a while demanded in the King of Spaines name he was delivered and executed whose execution so displeased the borderers of Oronoque as he thought it not safe ever after to venture with a few men to trafficke that way neither was his strength now sufficient to make his way wherefore expecting sufficient forces from other parts of the Spaniards dominions neerest adjoyning he staid so long at Trinidado untill he was surprized by Sir Walter Raleigh in the yeere 1596. Here then Bereas discovery of Guiana being interrupted it is meet I forbeare any further relation thereof untill I have shewed you what was performed by our worthy Countryman the said Sir Walter Raleigh in his first expedition thither after which as being after it in time the conclusion of Bereas discovery as also of Captaine Kemish and others who were imployed by learned and expert Raleigh that way will more seasonably follow After six weekes and two dayes departure from England Sir Walter Raleigh though he staid seven dayes at Tenerife one of the Canary Islands in expectation of Captaine Preston arived at Trinidado and tooke it within foure dayes where loosing no time in the prosecution of his intended designe for Guiana after diligent search the narrow sea betweene Trinidado and the fall of Oronoque being so shallow and shelvie more especially those branches of the said River all that was then discovered being sound by his Sea-men not above nine foot deepe at high water he was enforced to leave his ships and with a hundred men thronged together in two barges and three whirreys to crosse that narrow sea and to venture up the River by those branches wherein when they had rowed foure dayes his owne barge came a ground so as they were in some feare whether they should ever have got her off againe such was the shallownesse of the River when the flowing of sea had left them After this for many dayes more they wandred here and there for want of a good Pilot not knowing which streame to take the streams multiplying so exceedingly upon them by reason of the many great and small Islands that lye in this wide bottome of Oronoque computated by the most judicious Geographers neare a hundred miles wide from South-east to North-west After they fell upon those Islands commonly called Trivitivans the Inhabitants whereof commonly goe by the name ●awani and Warawe●k● who in regard they are commonly overflowne from May to September they live in houses upon trees very artificially built their food being Indian bread f●●h and venisons prepared before hand Here they happened on a Pilot more expert then the former who yet within few dayes was out of his knowledge where againe it was their good hap to meet with a 〈◊〉 much more expert one Martin an Arwacan whom 〈◊〉 ●ooke in a Canoa with some others going down Amana one 〈◊〉 the greatest armes of Oronoque to Margarita with store of bread both the Pilot and the bread were of singular use to Sir Walter Raleigh and his almost fainting company without which they had undoubtedly beene much straightned for going any further But by direction they quickly attained unto Arowacy on the South side of Oronoque whereof Toparimaca being Lord entertained them kindly and furnished them with provisions as also with another Pilot yet more experienced in the crosse perplexed streames of O●onique as they grew higher to Gu●●na From Arowacy bending their course almost directly Westward they pasted by a great Isle called Arrow●pana twenty miles in length and six in breadth and at nigh● cast Ancour at Ocawyta not one third part so bigge The next night they stayed under Putayma Island from whence

they could plainly discerne the continent to the North-West to be a large pleasant plaine betweene two edges of moun●aines consisting of Arable and Medow knowne as their last Pilot affirmed by the name of the great Valley of Sayma running in length almost to Cumana neare upon 120. Leagues The third fourth and fifth day they passed the Isle Manoriparum and a great part of Arromaia On the sixth day they came and staied at the Port of Morequito where he was kindly entertained and informed concerning the state of those parts from Topiowary Lord of Arromaia and unckle to the aforesaid Morequito The information he received from him was that all the Regions thereabout even to Emeria were called Guiana though yet the inhabitants were called Oronoque-poni as farre as the mountaines of Wacarima which they might from thence behold afarre off in the Continent beyond which he told them the large valley of Amariocapana did lye whose inhabitants were called Guianians And that into the Provinces which lye beyond these more to the South there came some yeares since multitudes of people called Oriones and Epuremei who possessed themselves thereof having driven the Natives out of their ancient inheritances the Cassiapagots Eparagots and Arawagots onely excepted who were then great enemies to the Spaniard and possesse Magureguaran a City strongly and stately built and withall amply furnished with gold From hence in two dayes they rowed up neere to the River Caroli where the heady violence of that and the other Rivers as is usuall at that time of the yeere permitted them not then by water to make any higher search into Guiana Here therefore staying three or foure dayes their small company was dispersed by direction of the Commander to view the severall quarters about and above the said River which upon their returne they reported in generall to be very fruitfull in well growne Medowes and Pastures exceeding commodious for hunting hawking fishing fowling as having many plaines cleere Rivers abundance of Pheasants Partriges Quailes Railes Cranes Herons and most other Fowles Deere of all sorts Camas or Antas as big and affording as good nourishment and as pleasant as our English Beefe Porkets Hares Lyons Tygers Leopards and divers other sorts of Beasts either for chase or food But that which most contented them was as being the thing they chiefly aimed at the great store of gold and precious stones the greater and lesser hils promised them the very stones glistering like gold a more then probable argument in the judgement of the best Mineralists that the earth lying a fathome or two deepe under strong spars or quarries of such stone usually called Marcasite hideth much Treasure Upon due consideration of the relations made of those that Sir Walter had sent to review the Inland agreeing so well with what he himselfe had then seene neere the banke of Caroli which he with some few musqueteers undertooke to survey he confidently affirmeth Guiana in no respect to be inferiour to any part of the world His owne lively expressions being a Gentleman of as great learning this way as any one our age hath afforded is worthy to be read and seriously considered I never saw saith he a more beautifull country nor more lively prospects hils so raised here and there over the valleys the River winding into divers branches the plaines adjoyning without bush or stubble all faire greene grasse the ground of hard sand to march on either for horse or foote the Deere crossing in every path the birds towards the evening singing on every tree with a hundred severall tunes Cranes and Herons of white crimson carnation pearching on the River side the Ayre fresh with a gentle easterly wind and every stone we stooped to take up promised either gold or silver by his complexion Your Lordship saith he writing to the Lord Admirall that then was shall see of many sorts and I hope some of them cannot be bettered under the Sunne and yet we had no meanes but with our daggers and fingers to teare them out here and there the rockes being most hard of a minerall sparre as hard or harder then a flint Besides the veines lye a fathome or two deepe in the rockes and we wanted necessary Instruments to have digged the treasure out Which last clause well considered together with what he in his booke of Guiana alleageth for himselfe namely the violence of the waters hourely increasing unseasonablenesse of the yeere the smalnesse of his company the inforced leaving off his ships more then 400 miles for a whole moneth and his unwillingnesse to let the natives now perceive that the intent of his comming was the same vvith the Spaniards chiefly for gold may in my judgement sufficiently answer those vvho have and doe still question the truth of Sir Walters high expressions of Guiana's riches and the most fruitfull and pleasant habitation it affordeth for that he made no longer stay there and brought no more store of Treasure home vvith him The issue of this vvorthy Travelour's first voyage vvas this Not being able by reason of the great downfall and over-bearing streame of Caroli to ascend any further vvithout seeing the Rivers Baraquan Beta Daune and Obarro all falling from the West into Oronoque and being distant each from other about a degree more and more to the South though yet in regard of longitude from East to West they are much alike either from Macurewarai or the great City Manoa He returned in few dayes to the Port of Morequito where he concluded with Topiawa●i hostages being given on either side to returne with great forces the next yeere and that in the time he should work with the Oronoque poni to joyne with them in an expedition against their enemies the Epuremei who possessed the regions that most abound with silver and precious stones But here was the unhappinesse of the man I might rather say of the Kingdome that upon his speedy retur●e into England not above eight moneths from his setting forth he could not though he were very gratious at Court procure a Navy to be sent within a yeere to Topiawari as was promised Whence it came to passe that the foresaid Berea neglecting no time did by the assistance of Carrapana Lord of Emeria againe get up the River of Oronoque with 300 Spanish Souldiers as farre as Caroli where he built a little Towne called Saint Thomas consisting of thirty houses of great consequence to bring under and keepe in the fearfull unarmed borderers of Oronoque and also for opposing any other Nation who should attempt Guiana that way But Sir Walter not understanding of the Spaniards building and strong fortifying Saint Thomas sent forth Captaine Keymish with a ship and a pinnace all he was able to doe at his owne charge the 26 of Ianuary in the yeere 1596 which being foure moneths later then he promised and intended caused Topiawari and the rest of the borderers of Oronoque for feare of Bevea and his Spanish forces to

Fish Fowl and honey with which it aboundeth Over against the West end of Cumana a degree remote to the North lyeth Tortugas and Blancas distant five leagues one from the other which for that they afford little el●e but Hogges and Goats hard to be taken being overrunne with exceeding sharp briers and thornes are seldome gone unto The next part of the continent bending to the Northwest is Venezuella a ●ar greater and r●cher Country It consisteth of many Provinces and hath in it many Spanish Townes and commodicus Havens The soyle in generall is so fertill as it affordeth two crop● yeerly the Pastures and Meddowes thereof are so many and ●o rich as they plentifully sustaine gre●t store of wholsome Cattell as well Neat as other The great s●ore of Cow and Oxe hides usually brought from thence sufficiently prove the same It is also generally reported to afford in divers Provinces good store of treasure especially gold of the best sort Before the comming of the G●rmanes into this Country to whom the Emperour Charles gave it in regard of their great service against the Protestants the Country was full of Inhabitants but by reason of the covetousnesse and cruelty of those Germanes whose intent was not to plant but to make spoyle of the Natives they were well nigh utterly rooted out and are not now much increased by a latter possession of the Spanish but Tygers and other wild beasts have overrunne it Spanish Authors make mention of severall Provinces belonging to Venezuella but they doe not so cleerly prescribe their severall limits as is requisite Therefore proceeding in my discourse according to my usuall method in following the Sea-coast I shall briefly acquaint you with such Spanish Towns as are neare adjacent to the Sea-coast or neer upon the same degree of longitude though farre distant in regard of latitude from North to South which is the breadth of the Country The most Easterne promontory of Venezuella is Cordeliera within five miles of Porte de Guaira whence within fifteene miles is the strong Tower called Cara●as and from thence within two miles is Blanco all convenient harbours for ships Then follow Tur●ane and Burburate two other commodious and safe Havens the former whereof affordeth good water and is distant from Blanco thirteene miles the other store of salt and is remote from the said Blanco fifteene miles Within the Land a●ove two leagues from the Sea-coast lyeth Carvaleda a Spanish Towne of some note and from thence about foure leagues is Saint Iago a greater Town where the Governour of those parts doth usually reside From Porte Burbarata about seven leagues within the continent directly to the South the Spanish of latter time hath built Nova Valentia from whence fifteene leagues more to the South is Nova Zerez of a later standing both well accommodated with wholsome provision in a competent measure From Zerez to Nova Segovia another Spanish Towne directly to the South is twenty leagues it joyneth upon the River Bariquicemet● which falleth after a great circuit of ground into the River Oronoque the Country hereabouts is very barren but the mountaines with which it is surrounded are conceived by the Germanes who built that Towne to be well stored with gold this opinion of theirs is upon good grounds strongly confirmed by others of better judgement who have written of those parts Tucunio that is exceedingly commended for the sweetnesse of the Ayre the temperature of the climate the super-abundant variety of victuall and store of gold it yeeldeth is yet eleven leagues more to the Southwest distant from the neerest place of the North Seacoast fifty from Nova Granado 150 leagues in which long passage two parts are very pleasant and fruitfull the third very rough and ill provided Now to returne to the Sea coast and so with relation to the longitude of Venesuella to survey the middle of this Country as it extendeth it selfe to the South Not farre from Burburata lyeth a little gulfe called Triste from which Porte Etsave is a league distant whence the Land beginning to wind upon the North sea continueth for the space of 55 leagues so to doe by somewhat proportionable gaining on the Sea Onely a little above Coro the onely City here the Land turning two leagues to the South and then againe twelve to the North-west admitteth a great inlet of the Sea which falling somewhat neare to the gulfe of Venezuella laying on the other side maketh a kind of Peninsula called Paragoana containing in the circumferance about 25 leagues The Cape whereof to the North is San-Roman a promontory of great note and betweene the South-west end thereof and the foresaid gulfe lyeth the great Lake of Maracaybo extended into the continent in length 35. 〈◊〉 bredth ten leag●es over the mouth of it being a mile and a halfe wide joyned with the gulfe of Venequell whence though the Sea daily flow into it yet doth it empty it selfe by a constant ebbing The Islands over against this part of the continent some leagues remote in respect of latitude are first Bonary neare a degree distant to the North it is of eight miles circumferance well provided with store of hogs and horse as also with one safe Haven on the Northwest end thereof from hence 39 leagues farther to the west and fourteene to the North from Coro the onely City of Venezuella is Curaca farre lesse but more fertill It hath a Haven on the North but not very safe especially for great ships The last is Araba nine miles remote from Quarac●o to the West and eight from Cape San Roman to the North Let us now consider the Spanish Townes adjacent to this Sea-coast and more remote into the Land Coro which is built in the foresaid Peninsula having a Bishop seat in it goeth by the name of a City and is indeed the onley place of note neare adjoying to Sea and chiefe Towne of Venezuella it hath belonging to it two Havens to the West and North that to the west though not very good is farre better then that of the North The Country round about is well stored with fish flesh fowle and sugar Canes One thing it hath peculiar such store of wholsome and medicinable herbs as it is said to need no Physitian From Coro directly to the South betweene the North Sea-coast the Lake Maracabo and neare Valent●a lyeth Portilla de Carora in the fertile Vale of Carora a large space of ground neare two leagues from the pleasant and fruitfull fields of Coro to the no lesse pleasant and fruitfull Vale of Carora is mountainous and unfruitfull inhabited onely by Savages called Xizatiaras and Axaguas In the bottome of Maracabo is Lagana a Spanish Towne surrounded between two Rivers with well levelled grounds which might serve to good use being abundantly stored with Deere Coneys and great variety of Fowle but that it is overrunne with wild Beasts especially with Tygers Beyond which eightteene leagues more to the South is the