Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	call_v	province_n	river_n	5,301	4	7.4603	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A60373	Theatrum Scotiæ containing the prospects of Their Majesties castles and palaces : together with those of the most considerable towns and colleges, the ruins of many ancient abbeys, churches, monasteries and convents, within the said kingdom : all curiously engraven on copper plates, with a short description of each place / by John Slezer ...	Slezer, John, d. 1714.; Sibbald, Robert, Sir, 1641-1722.; Trenchard, John, Sir, 1640-1695.	1693 (1693)	Wing S3993; ESTC R19602	30,193	141

of a large and stately Structure being built of hewn Stone by the several Bishops of that See It anciently consisted of two Ranks of Stone Pillars another cross Church and three Turrets the greatest of which was the Steeple which was set upon Four Pillars of vaulted Works In the Church likewise was a Library but about the Year 1560 it was almost wholly destroyed so that the Ruines do now only remain But the Chief Ornament of this Town is the King's College placed on the South side of the Town conspicuous beyond the rest of the Houses for the Neatness and Stateliness of its Structure 'T is Inferiour to no College in Scotland One side of it is covered with Slate the rest with Lead the Church and Turret or Steeple are of hewen Stone The Windows were of old remarkable for painted Glass and some reliques of their ancient Splendor do yet remain Here is a fine Monument of Bishop Elphingston The Steeple besides others hath two Bells of an extraordinary Bigness The Top of it is vaulted with a double cross Arch above which is a King's Crown having eight Corners upheld by as many Pillars of Stone a round Globe of Stone with two gilded Crosses closing the Crown In the Year 1631 it was overturned by a Storm but shortly after was built in a more stately Form It was begun by Bishop Forbes continued by William Gourdon Dr. of Physick and helped on by the largesses of several Noblemen and Gentlemen of that Country Close to the Church there is a Library provided with many Books much enriched by those which Dr. Henry Scougal Professor of Divinity there and the Right Reverend Dr. Patr. Scougal Bishop of Aberdeen his Father did lately bequeath to it This College was Founded by Bishop Elphingston Anno Dom. 1500. and the greatest part of the Work was likewise Built by him but King James the IV. assumed the Patronage of it to himself whence it is called the King's College In it there is a Primar or Principal a Professor of Theology a Professor of the Civil Law a Professor of Physick a Sub-Principal who is also a Professor of Philosophy three other Philosophy Professors and a Professor of the Languages This College and that in the New Town make up one University called the University of King Charles New ABERDEEN ABERDEEN as I have said is twofold the New Town and the Old They are distant the one from the other about a Mile Abredonia seems to be the same which Ptolomy calls the City Devana placed in the Province called Texale upon the mouth of the River Dee for Aber in the old British Tongue signifies or denotes the mouth of a River and Deva or d ee is the name of the River upon whose mouth this City is situated But New Aberdeen is the Capital of the Sheriffdom of Aberdeen and the Seat of the Sheriff for Trial of Causes It is placed at the Eastern Corner of the Shire where it is wash'd with the German Sea This City very much exceeds the rest of the Cities of the North of Scotland in Bigness greatness of Traffick and Beauty it enjoys a wholesome Air and abounds with well-bred Inhabitants and has a great Revenue from its Salmon fishing The Old City seems to have been placed upon a Bank of the Sea because it is the common Opinion that the Monastery of the Holy Trinity which is thought to have been formerly the Palace of King William is situate in the very Creek of that Sea and not far from it are the Ruins of an old Praetorium In tract of time the Inhabitants seem to have filled several neighbouring little Hills with Houses and now the City is chiefly built upon Three of those Hills and the greatest part upon the highest It hath an access by an ascent every way The exteriour parts thereof are spread out upon the Plain as Suburbs in many places That there was a Mint heretofore in the City appears by Silver Coyns there stamped with this Inscription Vrbs Aberdeae which are yet preserved in the Closets of the curious The Streets are Paved with Flint or a very hard Stone resembling Flint the Houses beautiful both within and without are Four Stories high or more and have for the most part Gardens and Orchards belonging to them so that the whole City to those that approach it gives the resemblance of a Wood. At the West-End of the City a little round Hill adjoyning offers it self to sight from the foot of which Hill breaks forth a Fountain of clear Water and in the middle of the same another Spring flowing down to the foot of the Hill bubbles out and sends forth a Stream as rapid as a Torrent but the spring it self is easily distinguish'd both in Colour and Taste from a Torrent It is called the Aberdonian Spaw because both in Taste and Quality it comes very near to the Spaw Water in the Bishoprick of Liege This Water is cold to the touch Doctor William Barclay a Physician has written a Treatise concerning it In the High Street there is a Church of the Franciscans worthy to be taken notice of built of Free-Stone a Work begun by Doctor William Elphingston then Bishop and finished at the charge of Gavinus Dumbar Bishop of Aberdeen about the Year of Christ 1500. The said Bishop Gavinus Dumbar hath also got himself immortal Honour by a Famous Bridge of seven Arches laid over the River Dee about a Mile from the City built very firm and durable of Free-Stone which in more places than one by Inscription testifies its Author or Builder But the great Ornament of the City is its College called the Mareshallian Academy as founded by the Earl Marshal George Keith in the Year 1593 which the City of Aberdeen hath very much adorned with several additional Buildings It has besides a Primary Professor who is called Principal Four Professors of Philosophy a Professor of Theology and a Professor of the Mathematicks There is also a famous Library Founded by the City of Aberdeen supplied by the Gifts of Learned Men and furnished with divers Mathematical Instruments Add to these the School-House Founded by Dr. Dune which has one Head Master and three Ushers under him There is also a School for Musick The Cathedral Church nominated from St. Nicholas its Patron is built of Free-Stone and covered with Lead has a Steeple resembling a Pyramid and covered likewise with sheets of Lead to a considerable heighth It was divided formerly into Three Churches the bigest whereof was called the Old Church the other the New Church and the third the Arched named the Arch of the Lady of Mercy This Cathedral is propt with Pillars of Free-Stone and has Three Bells of a vast weight which by their quick and continual Sounds divide the half Hours The body of this Church is adorned with a Tower and pinacled Steeple Here is kept the Court for the publick Trials of the Townsmen and the County Courts where is also a

Largeness of its Precincts the Number and Opulency of its Inhabitants and Dignity of its Rulers By the most ancient Inhabitants it was called Dun Eden by the Latins Edinodunum and by the Germans Edinburghen all which signifie the same thing Dun Eden signifies a Town upon a Hill or rather a City of the Edeni situated on a Hill The Edeni are those who by Ptolemy are termed Ottodeni which Word as some Learned Men think was mistaken for Scottodeni the two first Letters Sc being worn out with Time For near to this City is Curia Ottodenorum whose Name remains to this Day in a Village Four Miles West from the City called Currie And two Miles West from the Town is Corstopitum which also was among the Ottodeni which is a Village commonly called Corstorfin Ptolomy calls this Place 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Castrum alatum the Winged Castle which is not so called from that kind of Wings which the Greek Builders as says Vitruvius call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which are double Walls so rising to the Height that they resemble Wings For it is likely there was no regular building in that Place at that time but that they were such as by the Poet Juvenal are called Castella Brigantum which sort of Castles we may see described by Tacitus Annal. Lib. XII where he says That upon high Mountains and other Places of difficult Access he built up Stones in Form of a Fence where the River did run on a slippery Ford. Now these Fences of Stone were nothing else but Stones cast together without Mortar which is also clear from the same Author in the fore-cited Place where he says The Souldiers holding their Bucklers over their Heads for a Defence pulled down the unwrought and ill-built Stones which could not have been so easily done if they had not been cast together without Mortar And certainly our Ancestors chose out this as a very fit Place for a Fort of that Nature For the Hill where the Castle stands is exceeding steep and craggy and the Ascent very difficult except where it looks to the East which Part they fortified with Stones cast together as before The Ascent on which the City now stands had and yet hath upon the North-side a standing Pool which is commonly called the North-Loch Upon the South-side of the Hill there was likewise another standing-Pool called the South-Loch The Verity of which the Rights and Leases of some Houses of St. Ninian's Row do testifie which are let with the Privilege of a Boat annexed and these two Lochs or Lakes bounded the City upon these two Sides as the North-Loch does it at this Day upon the North-side but the South-Loch was drained a Hundred Years ago and upon the Banks thereof are built two several Tracts of Houses between which in the Place where the Loch it self stood is a Street called the Cowgate And so the Breadth of the City toward the South is far extended beyond its former Limits as likewise the Length thereof toward the West is much enlarged for the Grass Market and Horse Market are now within the City-Wall The Reason why this Place is called Castrum Alatum or The winged Castle is to be taken from the very Nature of the Place For besides the Lakes on both sides there are two Hills near the Rock on which the Castle stands viz. Sarisbury and Neils Craigs so named from the sometime Owners thereof which in a manner resemble Wings as is easily perceived Coming to the City from the South-East by the Sea Side for then these Rocks appear like Wings stretched forth and the Rock on which the Castle stands like the Head of a Bird with a Tuft And this is the genuine Derivation of the Word I know there are some learned Persons who will have Ptolomy's Castrum Alatum to be in another part of the Country and not to be Edinodunum seeing he makes his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be amongst the Vacomagi but Ptolomy must be born with in all his Mistakes of the Situation of Places here for being an Egyptian living in Alexandria and forced to take things upon Trust and follow the Relation of others it is no Wonder if he be sometimes mistaken The greater Part of the City is built upon the Ascent and it is very probable that the Castle has been the Cause of Building the City For first the Neighbours have built a few Houses near the Castle that under the Reach thereof they might be defended from the Injuries of their Enemies The Number of the People growing apace the Number of the Houses likewise encreased and stretched forth to the very Foot of the Ascent toward the East by which the City together with the Suburbs of the Canon-gate and King's Palace is become one entire Scotch Mile in length but in breadth it is less by the half notwithstanding the Suburbs be included The High Street from the Castle to the Abbey is adorned with stately Buildings which are of late made of hewen Stone since that by an Act of the Town-Council it hath been prohibited for the frequent burnings which happened to build any more Timber-Houses either in the City or Suburbs The great Breadth of the High Street and of the many Lanes which lie on each side the same from the North to the South which send up the Air as it were in Pipes into the High Street and the Nearness of the two Hills called Neils Craigs on the North and Sarisbury Craigs on the South do always refresh the Town with Air which conduces not a little to the Wholesomeness hereof and it was never heard that the Plague raged in it except brought in thither by infected Wares Which Purity of the Air is daily encreased since the Time that excellent fresh Water was brought into the City from a Fountain three Miles distant from the same and that by a most wise Act of the Council all Nastiness is removed The City is enclosed with a kind of an Old Roman Wall on every side except towards the North where the North-Loch does secure it instead of a Wall The City is entered by six Gates or Ports Two of which are to the East two to the South one to the West and one lately made to the North. One of the Gates to the East is called the Netherbow which in the Year 1616 was magnificently rebuilt being the chief Gate of the City adorned with Towers on both sides The other Gate to the East is called the Cowgate Port through which there is an Entry into the Nether Street of the length of the whole City and is called the Cowgate The Eastmost of these Gates to the South through which is an Entry into the City is called the Potter-Row Port from the Suburb called the Potter-Row The Westmost of these is called the Society Port properly the Brewer's Port. They have a great square Court in that Place with Buildings and brave Houses round about it to the very Walls of the

City The West-Gate at the other End of the City lying beneath the Castle affords an Entry from the Suburb of the same Name The North-Gate which was last made at the Lower End of the North-Loch is twofold the Inner and the Outer Port through which there is an Entry into the City from the Suburb called the Mutter's Hill There are two Streets extending the whole length of the Town The chief Street which is also called the Higher is one of the broadest in Europe From it there run many Lanes on both sides The Nether or Lower Street hath also many Lanes running to the South In the very middle of the City there is a Cathedral Church which is called St. Giles's Church of such Largeness that it is divided into three Churches every one of which has its own Parish It is built of hewen Stone adorned with Pillars and Vaultings of Stone In the middle it forms a perfect Cross by four Parts of this Church meeting together and they support a stately high Tower with a Top of curious Workman-ship representing an Imperial Crown Beside this Cathedral Church there are in the City The South-Church called the Gray-Friars Church which stands in the middle of the common Burial-place Many Tombs and Monuments do surround the Church-Yard amongst which that of Sir George Mackenzy does appear like a Mausolaeum There is also a Church of square hewen Stone with a Tower built in the Year 1641 which is called the Trone-Church The Collegiate-Church of the Sacred Trinity was built by Mary of Gueldres King James the second 's Queen where also she lies interred Near to this Church is the Hospital of St. Thomas in which the poorer sort of Inhabitants both Men and Women are maintained splendidly enough and have their own proper Chaplain Over-against this Church is the Correction-House commonly called Paul's Work in which there are divers Manufacturies of Linen Wooll and Silk where dissolute Persons are forced to earn their Living with their Labour The Lady Yester's Church was built by one of the Lady Yesters who also left a Summ of Money for maintaining a good and able Man to preach and perform Divine Service therein Besides these Churches there are two Chapels in the City that of St. Magdalen's in the Cowgate and St. Mary's in Nedries Wind. There is another Chapel of the same Name at the Foot of the Cannon-Gate as likewise several Meeting-Houses lately built both in the City and Suburbs About the middle of the Cannon-Gate upon the North-side of it there is built within these Five Years a very beautiful Church and a considerable Piece of Ground inclosed for a Church-Yard by a Mortification made by Sir Thomas Moodie of Sachten-Hall for that Purpose Near unto the Cathedral Church is the Parliament-House where the three Estates of the Kingdom do convene It stands in a great Court the North-side whereof is bounded by the Church it self the West-side is inclosed by the Council-House where the Town-Council assembles the South-side is inclosed by the Sessions-House where the Judges and Lords of Session sit to give Justice to the People In the upper Part of this Building are the Privy-Council and Exchequer-Chambers The rest of the South and East-side of this Court is inclosed with the Upper and Lower Exchange and with a Tract of most stately Buildings Here is one of the highest Houses in the World mounting seven Stories above the Parliament-Court and being built upon a great Descent of the Hill the back Part of it is as far below it so that from the Bottom to the Top One Stair-Case ascends 14 Stories high In the middle of the Court is the Statue of King Charles the II. in Brass erected upon a stately Pedestal at the Charge of the City of Edinburgh About Twenty Years ago the said Magistrates were at a vast Expence also to bring one of the best Springs in Scotland into the City by Leaden Pipes from a Hill above Three Miles distant from it and they have erected several stately Fountains in the middle of the High Street to serve the Town with Water In Gray's Close near the Netherbow is the Mint-House with a large Court adorned with most neat and convenient Buildings for Accommodation of the Over-seers and Work-men thereunto belonging Upon the South-side is the College of King James the VI. founded in the Year 1580 endowed with all the Privileges of an University It hath most large Precincts inclosed with Walls and divided into Three Courts Two Lower and One Higher which is equal to both the other in Largeness These Courts or Area's are adorned on all sides with excellent Buildings There is also a high Tower built over the great Entry The publick Schools are large There is likewise a very large Common-Hall in which Theology and the Hebrew Tongue is taught and publick Orations made There is a Library with all Sorts of Books and some Manuscripts Under the Library is the King's Printing-House There is very good Accommodation for the Students and neat and handsome Dwellings for the Professors with very fine Gardens for their Recreation The Castle is situated at the Head of the Town to the West where the Hill doth rise into a large Top. It is a very 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for it both hangs over and commands the Town The Rock on which the Castle is situated is upon the South West and North inaccessible The Entry to the Castle is from the Town The chief Defence on this side is of the round Battery at the Foot of which there is a designed Out-work which is not yet brought to a Condition of Defence and will add very much to the Strength of it when finished In the Castle also is a Royal Palace of hewen Stone where the Regalia of the Kingdom are kept This Castle is the Chief Magazine for the Arms and Ammunition of the Nation and hath a most pleasant Prospect to the neighbouring Fields and to the River of Forth from whence it is saluted by such Ships of War as come to an Anchor in Leith Road. The Governours of this Fortress since King Charles the II's Restauration have been the Earl of Middleton the Dukes of Lauderdale Queensbury and Gordon and since their Sacred Majesties Accession to the Throne of Scotland the Earl of Levin hath the Chief Command of it Heriot's Hospital is likewise within the City Situated to the West of the publick Burial-Place It is a Nursery for Boys in which the Citizens Children who are poor are brought up under the Tutelage of a Governour who according to the Constitution of the Founder is to live Single They have likewise a Chaplain to instruct them in the Grounds of Learning till they be fitted for the publick Schools and Colleges This Hospital was founded by George Heriot Jeweller to King James the VI. who was descended of the Family of Trebroun and after he had lost two Sons by Shipwrack going from Scotland for London where dying without Issue February the

for the Town stands upon the Descent of a steep Rock at the Foot of which there runs a deep River call'd Boderia or Forth It takes its Name from the Saxon Word Ster which signifies a Hill and Lin a Water It was of old called Binobara which by some is judged to be Ptolomy's Vindovara For Bin in our old Language signifies a Hill and Vara a River So that the Name which the Town now retains is the Signification of the old Name thereof At the Head of the Town stands a well fortified Castle adorned with stately Buildings in the former Age by King James the V. This is the Place as Tacitus observes where Clyde and Forth being carried back divide from one another For a great way they are separated by a small Neck of Land which was then strengthned by a Garrison and all that Isthmus was possessed by Soldiers the Enemies being removed as it were into another Island the Inscription on a Stone below the Castle toward the Bridge which makes mention of a Wing of the Army that kept Watch there seeming to intimate as much And although the Romans did several times infest some Places beyond it by their Inroads yet the Strength and Glory of the Roman Name had its Bound in this Place The King's Park lies at the very Foot of the Castle and the City stands on the Back of a Hill toward the South It is enclosed with a Wall and toward the North it is bounded with the River Forth which crossed by a Bridge in that Place The Bridge is of hewen Stone and fortified with an Iron-Gate It consists of four stately Arches and lies South and North. The Ships at full Tide come up to the Bridge and the Haven is a little below the same The Church which is of hewen Stone built very artificially stands in the Upper Part of the Town toward the East adorned with a very high Tower Not far from the Church may be seen the Mansions of the Earls of Argyle and Marr notable both for their Bigness and Artifice of their Structure The Earl of Marr is Governour of this Castle by Heritage It hath a competent Number of Great Ordnance for defending the Passage of the Bridge and a sufficient Garrison established for its Security In times of Trouble the Chief Magazine of the Nation is usually transported to this Place it lying upon a considerable Pass and almost in the Center of the Kingdom As this City stands in a most commodious Place for Commerce so it hath a most delectable and pleasant Prospect by the great and various Windings of the River Forth which are so extraordinary that from the Bridge of Stirling to the Town of Allowa it is 24 Miles by Water and but 4 by Land ALLOWA a Town in Clackmannon-shire and seems to be the same Ptolomy calls Allauna is situated on a pleasant Plain to the North of Forth and hath a convenient Harbour for Ships of Burthen many of which come thither for Salt and Coals Here the Earl of Marr Chief of the Areskins hath a pleasant Dwelling with a Wood adjacent ARCTURI JONSTONI de STERLINO Carmen STERLINO quis digna canat Cunabula Reges Hic sua securis imposuere jugis Aura salutifera est facit hoc vicinia coeli Nec datur à saevo tutior hoste locus Adspicis hic geminis structas in rupibus arces Tectaque Tarpeii turribus aequa Jovis Fortha triumphales hic dum fugit excipit arcus Cogitur curvo subdere colla jugo Haud aliter Phrygiis ludit Maeander in oris Saepe fluit trepida saepe recursat aqua Orbe pererrato levis huc vestigia flectens Advena miratur ruris urbis opes Admiranda quidem sunt haec carmine digna Plus tamen hic virtus martia laudis habet Non semel Ausonios Sterlinum reppulit enses Limes imperii quem bibit amnis erat De STERLINO J. JONSTONI Carmen REgia sublimis celsa despectat ab arce Pendula sub biferis maenia structa jugis Regum augusta Parens Regum nutricula natis Hinc sibi Regifico nomine tota placet Hospita sed cuivis quovis sub nomine amicus Sive es seu non es Hospes an Hostis item Pro lucro cedit damnum disordia tristis Heu quoties procerum sanguine tinxit humum Hoc uno infaelix at faelix caetera nusquam Laetior aut coeli frons geniusve soli To the Right Honourable GEORGE Earl of Linlithgow Lord Levingston and Callander c. One of the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury and One of their Majesties Most Honourable Privy Council LINLITHGOW IS the same which Ptolomy calls Lindum so named for its being situated on the side of a Lake The King's Palace stands on a little Hill towards the middle of the said Lake in which there lies an Island which ascends with several Stairs in the Form of an Amphitheater This Palace is Magnificently built of hewen Stone begun by the former Kings and perfected by King James the VI. It consists of Four Towers between which the Court the Chapel and the rest of the Buildings are extended The Porch bears the Name and Arms of King James the V. In the Inner Court there is a very artificial Fountain adorned with several Statues and Water-Works Close by the Palace is a Church commonly called St. Michael's of a most excellent Structure with a very high Steeple to which the late Earl of Linlithgow added an extraordinary neat Chapel There is a small and easie Descent from the Palace to the Town where is to be seen a large Four-square Court in the middle of which there is another curious Fountain exceeding in all Respects that which is in the Inner Court of the Palace On the South side of this Court is the Tolbooth which is very neatly built of hewen Stone having a very high Steeple with Bells and a very fine Clock In this Tolbooth the Sheriff and Town-Magistrates keep their Courts There is a large Street reaches from the one end of the Town to the other which is adorned on every Side with fair Buildings from each side of which Street divers Lanes do break out which open a Passage into several pleasant Gardens The Lake it self is a Mile in length and a quarter of a Mile over and abounds with Perch and other sorts of Fish On the North side hereof lies the King's Park This Town hath a Harbour for all sorts of Ships near the Castle of Blackness where there is a large Custom-House built with other Houses for the Use of Merchants The Earl of Linlithgow is Hereditary Keeper of the Palace and the King's Baily in that Place De LIMNUCHO Carmen ARCTURI JONSTONI NObile Limnuchum est Pario de marmore templum Hic nitet impensae non mediocris opus Aemula sunt templi turrita palatia Regis Et Praetio superant Solis utramque domum Proximus est urbi nullo lacus aggere

cinctus Squammiger illimes Grex natat inter aquas Ista triumphales praebent vivaria caenas Grampiaco quoties sub Jove miles ovat Regius hic lacus est Lucrinus Caesaris unda Plus habet hic luxus plus habet ille dapis To the Right Honourable ANTHONY Viscount of Falkland c. One of the Lords Commissioners for executing the Office of Lord High Admiral of England and One of their Majesties Most Honourable Privy Council in the said Kingdom FALKLAND FALKLAND is a pretty little Town in the Sheriffdom of Fife At the Foot of Lomon Hill there is a stately Palace which King James the V. caused to be built for a retiring Place it being most convenient also for Hunting The King's Park and a Wood are adjacent to it into which as also into the Plain towards the East it hath a most pleasant Prospect The Marquess of Athol is Hereditary Keeper of this Palace and hath a considerable Rent by the neighbouring Lands and Stewardry It gives the Title of Viscount to the Family of Falkland To the Right Honourable JAMES JOHNSTON One of the Lords of their Majesties Most Honourable Privy Council and Principal Secretary of State for the Kingdom of Scotland S T ANDREWS SAINT ANDREWS in Latin Andreanopolis or Fanum Sancti Andreae has its Name from St. Andrew whose Bones are said to be brought hither from Patras a Town in Peloponnesus by Regulus a Grecian Monk Anno 368. a Man in that Age much esteem'd for Piety as appears by the Church dedicated to him and called after his Name From him also as ancient Writers report this Town was at first called Regimund that is Mons sancti Reguli for we read that Oengus or Vngus King of the Picts did grant to God and Saint Andrew That he should be Head of all Churches within the Jurissdiction of the Picts Likewise it is manifest from Old Manuscripts that this was the principal See of the Culdai who had the care and management of Holy Things from the first reception of Christianity in those Parts This City is the Metropolis of the whole Kingdom and the See of an Archbishop who is Primate of all Scotland It lies towards the East with a pleasant Prospect to the Ocean having a Harbour for Ships the Sea near it plentiful in Fishes and Fields wholesome and spacious There yet remain the Marks of Venerable Antiquity the Ruines of the Cathedral Church and Monastery which do abundantly testifie their Ancient Glory and Magnificence The Town it self is situate in a Plain from East to West with a most pleasant Prospect to the German Ocean It had a very strong Castle of Old whose Rubbish and Ruines are yet to be seen upon the Rocks on the Sea-side towards the North. It has Streets straight and broad stretching East and West whereof two lead to that once famous Abbey of Canons Regular of the Order of St. Augustine situate toward the East and South-East the Wall surrounding this Abbey being yet intire and of hewen Stone with many Towers and Turrets which give it the Resemblance of a King's Palace The Chief Church in the Town now is that called the New Church not far from the New College In it there is to be seen a very Magnificent Monument of Archbishop Sharp There is also another Church called St. Leonard's adjacent to a College of the same Name the Rector whereof is ordinarily the Principal of the said College but the greatest Ornament of the City is the University the Athens of Scotland consisting at present of Three Colleges and was first founded by Laurentius Lindoris and Richardus Corvellus Doctors of Law and publick Professors of Philosophy The College of St. Salvator commonly called the Old College was founded by James Kennedie Bishop of St. Andrews together with a Church beautified with an high towering Steeple all of hewen Stone in which his Monument of curious Workman-ship is yet to be seen Mr. Skene Doctor of Divinity and Principal of the College has of late repaired and augmented the Fabrick thereof having made a Collection for that end He has also founded a Library which by the Donations of learned Men is now very well furnished with good Books St. Leonard's College was founded by James Hepburn Prior of St. Andrews in which are several Professors as first the Principal who is always Doctor of Divinity and Four Professors of Philosophy to whom John Scot of Scots Tarvett Knight added a Professor of Philology with a liberal Salary and augmented the Library with the Gift of several considerable Volumes It is likewise of late very much increased by Sir John Wedderburne Doctor of Physick who dying left his great Collection of Books to it Here also is the famous Manuscript of the Scottish Chronologer John Fordon The New College was founded by James Beaton Archbishop In it are two Professors always Doctors in Divinity the One stiled Principal Professor of Theology the Other only Professor of Theology to which of late is added a Professor of Mathematicks the first Professor whereof Mr. James Gregory erected a Commodious Observatory for Mathematical Observations in the College Garden having caus'd a Contribution to be made for that Purpose He also furnished it with many Mathematical Instruments much better than it had before his Time Alexander the I. King of Scotland founded a Priory here for the Monks of the Order of St. Augustine the Government of the Picts being abolished in Britain and Kenneth III. tranferred the Episcopal See from Abernethie to St. Andrews about the Year 850. ARCTURI JONSTONI Carmen de ANDREAPOLI URBS sacra nuper eras toti venerabilis Orbi Nec fuit in toto sanctior Orbe locus Jupiter erubuit tua cernens Templa sacello Et de Tarpeio multa querela fuit Haec quoque contemplans Ephesinae Conditor Vrbis Ipse suum merito ridet odit opus Vestibus aequabant Templorum marmora Mystae Cunctaque divini plena nitoris erant Ordinis hic sacri Princeps spectabilis auro Jura dabat Patribus Scotia quotquot habet Priscus honor periit traxerunt templa ruinam Nec superest Mystis qui fuit ante nitor Sacra tamen Musis Vrbs est Phoebique ministris Nec major meritis est honor ille tuis Lumine te blando Musas quae diligit eos Adspicit roseis molliter afflat equis Mane novo juxta Musarum murmurat aedes Rana Thetis somnos juvat esse breves Proximus est Campus studiis hic fessa Juventus Se recreat vires sumit inde novas Phocis amor Phoebi fuit olim Palladis arte In te jam stabilem fixit uterque Larem De ANDREAPOLI Carmen JOANNIS JONSTONI Quondam ibi Theologiae Professoris IMminet Oceano paribus descripta viarum Limitibus pingui quam bene septa solo Magnificis opibus staret dum gloria prisca Pontificum hic fulsit Pontificalis apex Musarum ostentant surrecta palatia coelo Delicias hominum Deliciasque Deum