none but hath some deuice in his hed and in euery Prouince of a seuerall kinde All the Indians of the Playnes are deuided into three sortes the one are called Yngas another sorte are called Tallanes the thirde Mochicas in euery Prouince they differ in spéeche notwithstandinge the Noble men called Casâ—ikes besides their natural spéeche doo all generally vnderstande the language of the Cittie of Cusco because the Kinge of Peru called Guaynacaua Father of King Atabaliba thought it a base thinge y t his Subiectes especially noble men should talke with him by interpreters whervpon hee commaunded that all the Cascikes of his Countrey and dominions and their Brethren and kinsemen should sende their Children to serue and attende on the Kinge in his Court vnder the colour to learne the courtly spéeche but cheefely the Kinges intente was to assure his countrey with the principall men of his Kingdome in hauinge their children in pledge But bee it as it will by this meanes it came to passeâ— that all the Nobilitie of his Lande vnderstoode and could speake the language vsed in Court as in Flaunders the Gentilmen others speake the Frenche tongue so that in conclusion any Spanyarde that attained to the Cusco spéech mought wel passe throughout the dominions of Peru aswell in the Playnes as in the Mountaynes to vnderstand and to be vnderstood among the chéefest Of the ordinary Windes which blow in the Plaines and the cause of drynesse Chap. 7. WIth great reason those which reade this History may stande in doubt of the cause why it rayneth not in the Playnes of Peru as before is specified for by euident tokens should bee thought that those thinges could not bee true by reason of the growen Riuers which fal into the Sea and commonly engender moysture vapors comming out of the Mountaynes hauing their beginning of the continuall Snow which there abideth wherof relation is made before yea and the sayd Hilles neuer want clowdy weather intermixed with rayne The natural reasoÌ„ therof found out by such as diligently haue sought the secret therof which is that in all those Playnes and Sea coast all the whole yeare bloweth one only Winde which the Mariners call Siluestre which runneth alonge that coast with such force that the Cloudes and Uapors haue no rest in those playnes nor Sea coast to come vnto the region of the ayer and from the high Mountaines The cloudes and vapors do shew like another Heauenâ— so those which are beneathe in the Playnes and abouâ— them agayne it is as cleare as Christall and this onely winde also causeth the Seagate or Currant to runne alwaies Northward although some men are of another opinion which is that where the South sea commeth to fall into the mouth of the straight of Magalanus beeinge there so narrowe and excéedeth not the bredth of two Leagues so that the greate power of the water can not there haue yssue and also their encounteringe with the Northen Sea which likewise disturbeth his passage so that of force it maketh reflection and recoyle backeward and so forceth the Currant toward the North. And here riseth another inconuenience which is y t the NauigatioÌ„ from Panama to Peru is with such difficultie because the winde is alwayes contrary and also the most part of the yeare y e Currant likewise so that y e Saylers do sayle continually by the bowlinge against the fury of y e winde or else it were not possible to sayle that Coast. All along the coast of Peru are great number of fishe and many Zeale fishes From the Riuer of Tumbez forward are found none of those great Lizartes of which we haue spoken But some holde opinion the cause is that the countrey forward is more temperate and those beastes are louers of heate but the most certaine reason is because the Riuers thereabout are of a more swifter currant and suffereth them not to bréede for their ordinarie breeding is in the calme places of Riuers Now at this day in all the length of the playnes are Uillages and Townes of Christians and fiue Cities the first is called Puerto Viejo which staÌ„deth very nere vnto the Equinoctiall This Citie hath but fewe inhabitants because the countrey is poore and apt for diseases yet there are some mines of Emraldes as is before declared Fifteene leagues with in the mayne is another citie called saint Mighel which in the Indian spech they call Pura This is a pleasant soyle and fruitefull but no mines of golde nor plate This place is apte for sore eyes and few or none that passeth that way escapeth that disease Threescore leagues forward along the coast standeth another citie in a valley called Trugillio and is distant from the sea two leagues The porte or harbor belonging to this citie is perillous This citie is placed in a plaine plot nere vnto a Riuer side and is aboundantly prouided of wheate Maiz and cattell It is also exceeding wel built there are in this citie aboue thrée hundred housholds of Spaniards Foure score Leagues forward standeth another Cittie two Leagues distant from a Porte of the Sea which is an excellent good Roade for Shippes it is scituated in a Ualley called Lyma and named the Cittie of the Kings because the day of Epiphany it was begun to inhabite it is placed in a plaine ground neare vnto a mighty Riuer The Countrey there about is plentifull of Corne many sortes of fruites and cattell the building of this Cittie is such that all the streates doo méete in a faire large place from the which a man may see through euery streat into the Féeldes the dwelling is maruailous healthfull because it standeth in a temperate Climat and not vexed throughout the yeare with neither heate nor colde extreamely The hoatest season of the yeare is more temperate then in Spayne for in the time of their heate in Lyma which is in SoÌ„mer there falleth euery morninge a swéete Dew which is nothing hurtful to mans health but rather profitable for such as haue the head ache vse to wash their heads with the Dewe water and therwith finde great ease All Spanish fruit groweth and prospereth wel in this Soyle especially Orenges Sidrons Lemons Figges Powngarnardes and Uines wherof had béene there aboundance if the alteracions in the Land had not disturbed their plantinge for experience hath shewed that the very Kernell of the Grape hath perduced faire Uynes There groweth also greate store of Pot earbes such as ordinarily grow in Spayne euery house hath belonging vnto it a litle runninge water or Brooke brought in by conueyance of slewce which water is sufficient to driue a mill although along the Riuer side they haue their common milles where the Spaniards grinde their corne This citie is iudged the most pleasant dwelling in all the land because the porte and roade for shippes maketh the Citie to be of great contractation for MarchaÌ„ts So that the people of all Cities Townes and
saythe That Socrates speakyng to the Athenienses sayd it is holden for trouth that your cittie in time past did resist an innumerable number of enemies which came froÌ„ y e Sea called Mare Athlanticum who had taken and enioyed the most parte of all Europe and Asia For at that time that strayght was Nauigable hauyng not far from y e mouthe an Ilande which began neare vnto the Pillers of Hercules whiche was reported to bee greater then Asia Africa and ioyntly from the same was contractacion in bying sellyng with other Ilandes which Ilands had conference with the fyrme and continent lande which stoode in frent of them who were neyghbours vnto the true sea For that Sea with reason might be called the certayne and true Sea and the lande continent and fyrmeâ—â—his mutche writeth Plato He also affyrmeth that .9000 yeares before the writyng hereof the Sea encreased with so mightie a power of water in those parties that in one day and one night this great Ilande suncke and all the people perished and that afterward the same sea remayned full of sandes and shallowes so that â—hereby neuer after any mought passe vnto the other Ilandes nor fyrme lande All those which write vpon Plato affirme and hold opinion that this Hystorie was true so that the most of them especially Marsilius Ficinus and Plantinus wil not admit the meanyng to be Alegoricall although many others iudge the contrarie as the same Marsilius referreth vpon the anotations vpon Thimeum But where he speaketh of the .9000 yeres it seemeth not a fabulus argument for accordynge to Eudoxus those yeres were to be vnderstood accordynge to the Egiptians accompt where euery monthe was accompted one whole yere and not accordynge to y e course of the Sunne so that .9000 monthes maketh .750 yeres Likewise it is almost a demonstration to geue credit to the oppinion touchyng this Iland consydering that all the Historiagraphersâ— and Cosmographers that wrote of olde time do cal the Sea where y â— Iland suncke Mathanticum reseruinge the name which it had when it was land Than presupposyng that the Hystorie is true who can deny that this Ilande Athlantica began from the streight of Gibraltar or not far from Cadiz and extended into the greate gulfe where as well North and South as East and West is a greater space then the scituation of all Asia and Africa The Ilands wherof the text maketh mencion seemeth to be Espaniola Cuba Iamaica and the residew which stande in that Comarke The firme landes whiche is sayd to stande in frent of the said Ilands doth appere by reason to be the same firme land which now is called after the same name and al the other prouinces wher vnto it is continent which beginnynge from the straight of Magalanez doth contayne runnyng Northward the lande of Peru the Prouince of Popayan Castillia del oro Beragua Nicaragua Guatimalla Nueua Hispania the seuen citties Florida Bacallaos and the said lande runneth along from thence Norward vntill it come to ioygne almost with Norway In the which without doubt is more grounde then as yet throughout all the world is inhabited or at least was knowen before the discouery of this countrey This matter doth not cause any great dificultie that the Romaines and other nations which in time past inioyed the Land of Spayne had not discouered this countrey It is to be thought y t the roughnes of those Seas in those dayes did disturbe and hinder the Nauigation So that this Lande may well bee called the firme and continent Land wherof Plato writeth which doth agree with all the tokens and signes which hee giueth of the other cheefely wherin hee affirmeth that it lyeth infrent of the South Sea Then forasmuch as hath beene sayled in our daies in the sayd South Sea doth appere that in respect of the bredth and greatnes of the sayde South Sea all the Mediterraneum Sea and as much as is knowen of the Occean vulgarly called the Northen Sea are Riuers in comparison of the other Then all this approued true the signes tokens and wordes of Plato do therwith accord so that there is no doubt or difficultie in the first passage into Peru of innumerable people as well from the great Iland Atlantica as also from other Ilandes from which Ilandes they vsed to sayle and also out of the firme Land they might passe into Peru And if in this pointe should seeme any difficultie yet it is to bee credited that by the South Sea they had vse and knowledge of Nauigation by contraction and traficke which they had with this great Iland where the text declareth that they had great aboundance of Shippes yea and Roades and harbors made by force of hande for their conseruacion where nature wanted This is as much as may be gathered touching this matter which is not small for a thing of such antiquitie without light cheefely that in all the Prouinces and Countrey of Peru were founde no kinde of Letters or Writinge to conserue the remembrance of things past nor yet the pictures or paynting which serued in the new Spayne for Letters sauing only certayne stringes of diuerse colours full of knots so that by those knots and distance betweene them was an account kepte amonge that people but maruailous strange to be vnderstood as hereafter in this History shalbe declared Therfore I may saye with Horatius Si quid nouicti restius istis candidus imperti si non vis vtere mecum And as concerning the Discouery of this newe countrey the wordes of Seneca doth fit which he set out in his Medea Tragedy Venient annis saecula seris Quibus Oceanus vincula rerum Laxet nouosque typhis detegat orbes Atque ingens pateat tellus Nec sit terris vltima thyle Besides the oppinion of Plato at this day are to be seene the Ilands of Asorez Canarie Madera and Ilandes of Cabo Verde with wonderfull shallowes and Sande lyinge farre out into the mayne Sea which are thought to haue bin part of the sayd Iland Athlantica This History doth also set forth the dutie and royall seruice of the Subiect to his Prince and how Mutynies are iustly punished And likewise last of all how blood is punished with blood and the highe waye to Honour is great paine and daunger of lyfe And I for my parte Gentle Reader desire no more for my paynes but that thou wilte as willingly accept my trauaile as I with good will do offer the same Farewell THE HISTORY OF THE Discouery and Conquest of the Prouince of Peru and of the warres and other notable thinges which there happened ¶ Of the notice of Peru and how the discouery was begon Chap. 1. IN the yeare of our Lord and Sauiour Iesus Christ 1525. in the Cittie of Panama which standeth scituated on the border of the South Sea in the Prouince of firme Land called Castillia del oro dwelt thrée Gentilmen among whom was sundrye times conference concerninge the vnderstandinge which they had
obtained of Peru wherupon they agréede to procéed on the discouery of the same and therupon laid all their goods into stocke of company The first and principallest of them was called Don Francisco Pisarro who was borne in a Cittie of Spayne called Trugillio The seconde was named Don Diego de Almagro natural of the Towne of Mallagon whose stocke or lynage could not vnto this day be perfecâ—ly knowen yet some doth holde opinion that hée was found at the Church doore in his swadling clothes after that hee was newly borne The thirde was a Préest called Fernando de Luque And where these thrée were the richest and principallest men in that Countrey they determined to encrease their ritches also to serue herein his Maiesty the Emperour Charles the fifth wherupon they concluded to take in hande to discouer by the South Sea the Easterly coast of the firme Lande towarde those places which afterward were named Peru So that after they had obtained licence of y e Gouernour who at that instant then gouerned for his Maiesty called Pedro Arias de Auila Don Francisco Pisarro arriued and rigged forth a Shippe wherin hee himself tooke shipping as Captaine General with 114. men in his company and so procéeded on the Uoyage and in short space hee discouered a smal and poore Prouince fiftie Leagues distant from the Cittie of Panama the which hee named Peru and afterward called the whole Countrey of the same name which was discouered for the space of 1200. Leagues And procéeding forward hee found another Land which the Spanyards named the burnt Towne where the Indians of that place held them cruell warre and slew many of his men so that he was forced to retire sore wouÌ„ded to the Countrey of Chinchama In this meane season Don Diego de Almagro who aboad at home had prepared another ship and therin tooke shipping with 70. Spanyardes and with them proceeded to seeke Don Francisco Pisarro sayling along the Coast til hée came to the Riuer which hee named the Riuer of S. Ihon which standeth 100. Leagues distant from Panama And findinge him not hee returned to the burnt Towne and there had vnderstanding of his beeing there where hee also came a score but the Indians encouraged with the victory and expulsion of Don Francisco did like wise valyantly resist his entry yea and also put him and his company to the woorse in so much that they entred a Forte where the Spanyards defended them selues through the ouersight of those which had the charge of that part of the Fortresse by meane wherof they put the Spanyardes to flight and also with a stripe put out one of the eyes of Don Diego by reason wherof they were forced to flee and to retire to the Sea side to take Shippinge agayne and from thence sayled along the Coast of firme Land vntill hee arriued at Chinchama where he found Don Francisco wiâ—h whom after long communicacion and refreshing of themselues they gathered togeather about 200. Spâ—nyardes aâ—d so proceeded againe vpon the discouery with two Shippes and 3. Canoas which were small Uessels built like vnto Troughes In which Nauigacion they passed many and great troubles by reason the Coaste is lowe and full of Marrish ground and replenished with great Lizarts which the Indians call Caymanes and are Beastes which breede in the mouthes of those Riuers which are so great that commonly they are of 20. yea 25 foote long Their property is aswel to refresh themselues on the Land as in the Water but if any of them can laye holde vpon Man or Beast in the Water their strength is such that they carry theÌ„ vnder water where as they deuoure and consume them But cheefely they smell a Dogge a farre off and they laye their Egges on the Land a great number togeather where they breede but among the Sandes they are slow of their creepinge after they haue hatched they leade their Younge to the Water in the which their natural properties they may bee compared to the Crocodilles of Nilo they also suffer much honger for their feedinge when they want meate is the fruite of a Trée called Maugle wherof are many in those Riuers which are of harde Timber highe and straight in groweth and grow in salte water which is not onely salte but also bitter But the opinion is that those Beastes vse to eate of that Fruite when other feeding fayleth they eate also Fish In all this Coast the Grayne called Maiz groweth not In this sorte they went rowinge with their Canoas against the currant of the Sea which alwayes runneth Northward and their way was Southward and in this Nauigacion all along the Coaste the Indians assaulted them accordinge to the custome of their Warres thundering out cryes and noyse callinge them banished men with haire on their faces yea such as were bred of y e scuÌ„ of the Sea without any other Origen or Linage because the Sea had brought them thither demaunding also why they wente like Uacabondes wandringe the World it should appeare saide they that you are ydle persons and haue not wherin to imploy your selues because you abide in no place to labour and till the ground And wheras many of their men and Captaines were slaine by thesâ— Indians aswel by hunger as other wise Don Diego determined to returne to Panama for mo men the which his determinacion he performed and had from thence 80 men so that with them and the residew that remained aliue they arriued at the Land called Carame which was without the dominion of the Mauglares and a Countrey aboundant of meate but meanely inhabited The Indians of y e Countrey which were men of War had their Chéekes full of holes wherin were placed Pearles of Golde and findinge this place so fruitfulâ— they abode there vntill Don Diego de Almagro returned agayne to Panama for more men But in this meane while Don Francisco Pisarro returned abiding the coÌ„ming of his companion in a litle Iland which stoode neare vnto the Mayne called Insula de Gallo wheras hée stood in néede of all thinges necessary How Don Francisco Pisarro abode in the Iland of Gorgona and how with the small company of men which hee had remayninge hee sayled till hee passed the Equinoctiall Chap. 2. WHen Don Diego de Almagro returned to Panama for succour he found that his Maiestie had prouided for gouernment of the same Cittie a Gentilman of Cordoua called Pedro de los Rios who staid his procéeding personally because those which remained in the Iland of Gallo had sente secretly to this new Gouernour to intreate that hée should not permit any moe men to dy in that daungerous Iorney without any profit wheras tosore others of their Nacion had ended their dayes and that it might please him to coÌ„maund them also to returne In consideracion wherof Pedro de los Rios sente his Deputie with especiall commaundement that all such as were willing might safely retuâ—ne to Panama without daunger and
Mines It is wel fortified by reason that it standeth high and is compassed with a marueylous deepe valley wherein is a Riuer that runneth almost in circuite of the hill where the Towne standeth The Marshall Alonso de Aluarado was the first that did inhahite this Prouince vnto whom it was commended Beyond this prouince about 60. leagues standeth another Towne of Christians called Guanuco which was buylt by the commaundement of the Licensiat Vaca de Castro who named it Leon because hee him selfe was borne in the citie of Leon in Spayne This towne is well prouided of victuals and is thought to be aboundaÌ„t of Mines especially towarde that parte which Prince Inga holdeth y e people wherof were occupied in warres in the Prouince called Andes as hereafter shal be declared So that beyond this place there is not in the Mountaine any village of Christians vntil you come to Guamâ—nga which was named Saint Ihon de Victoria standeth distant from Guanuco sixtie leagues This village is but meanly inhabited of ChristiaÌ„s but it is thought that it wil be better if the Prince Inga cease from his warres who hath vsurped a great part of the best ground thereunto belonging and specially where the best Mines are and greatest quantitie of the rich herbe called Coca From this Towne of Guamanga vnto the citie of Cusco is distance 80. leagues In the which are many plots of Rocky and troublesome way to passe which causeth great perill vnto y e wayfaring men The citie of Cusco before the Christians comming thyther was the chiefest seat court of the Indian kings of all the whole Prouince so that from that princely citie was gouerned and ruled all those countreis and Prouinces here before declared and hereafter shalbe declared To this citie al the Cascikes or noble men resorted from all places of the Empire to bring their tributes appertaining to the Prince as also to deale about particular affayres and to demaund iustice in their suites one with another In all the whole dominions of that countrey there was not any place of habitacion that had the Maiestie or manner of a cittie but onely Cusco where was a fayre Fortresse wrought of square stones which were so huge and great that it was a wonder how they were brought thither by Indian strength of men without helpe of Oxen Muyles or other Beastes and yet there are some one stone that tenne yoake of Oxen could not with their strength mooue them from the place from whence they were brought and the houses wherin the christians dwell in at this day are the very same that the Indians made for their owne dwellinge so that some of those houses are repaired and other increased of the same fashion The cittie was deuided into foure partes in such order that all such as came thither to dwel or to lodge in Kinge Inga commaunded that they should lodge or inhabite in the streat which lay toward the place froÌ„ whence they came Those which came from the South parte were called collasmo by the name of a Towne called collao and hee which came from the North was called chinchasuyo by reason of a Prouince which lay that way called Chincha which is now appertaininge to the Emperour and is vnhabited and nothing worth and in this manner they name accordingly the other two partes which lyeth East and West Andesuyo and Condesuyo â— so y t no Indian might dwell or lodge in any other streat but only in that streat which lay towarde the place from whence hee came vpon a great penalty All the countrey neare adioyning to the cittie is excéeding plentifull of all kinde of victuals and exceedinge healthfull for it is approued that any sound man of body that commeth into this countrey doth long continue in health It is inuironed with many ritch Mines of golde out of the which hath bene gathered the infinite summe which vntill this day hath beene brought into Spayne although now since the discouery of the Mines of Potosi they leaue the gold mines and worke in those siluer Mines because therein they finde a greater gaine then in the golde workes and also is gotten with lesse danger both of Indians and christians which deale in those affaires From the citie of cusco to the Towne called Villa de Plata which staÌ„deth in the Prouince of charcas are 150. leagues and more and in the midway standeth a great prouince in the plaine called collao which is about fiftie leagues long The principalsâ— part thereof is called Chiquito which now appertaineth to his Maiestie And being so great a peece of ground vnhabited of christians the Licensiat Dela Gasca in Anno .45 commaunded to buylt a village in the prouince of Collao This town called Villa de Plata is a place of extreme colde none like vnto it in al the mountaines by meane of which colde there are few dwellers but those which abide there are marueilous ritch and those few inhabitants of this towne abide the most parte of the yere in the mines which are in the circuite of Porco and Potosi as hereafter shalbe declared From Villa de Plata entringe inwarde to the maine on the left hand Eastward was discouered by commaundement of the Licensiat Vaca de Castro who sent for that purpose captaine Diâ—go de Roâ—as and Philip Gutierez to the Prouince which now is called by the name of Diego de Rojas and is reported to be a good and holesome countrey aboundant of al necessary victuall howbeit the tresure of Mines expected was not there found for which consideration captaine Domingo de Italia and his companions came into Peru in anno 49. so that in conclusion they trauailed all the Lande that is between the South Sea and the Northe Sea at the time when they wente vp the Ryuer of Plate in discouery of the Northen coast This is the scituation of all the Lande discouered inhabited throughout the Prouince of Peru toward the South Sea presupposing the Discouery along y e South coast without entry into the Mayne because in the discouery of the Mayne the certaintie is not yet knowen by reason of the troublesome and perrilous wayes that leadeth y e course both with colde double cragged Hilles destitute of victuals and al comfort for man yet neuerthelesse the Spanyardes would not haue feared these great perrils if they had not doubted the gayne of treasure which they thought was not to bee had in that proceedinge Of the opinion which the Indians had concerning their creation and other thinges Chap. 10. WHere as the Indians had no kinde of writing as before is declared they knew not the Origen of their creation nor yet the ende which the Worlde had at the time of Noes Fludde But accordinge to the iudgemente and heresay of their Auncestors from time to time These people helde opinion that out of the partes of Sepâ—enâ—â—ion came a man that had neither bone nor ioynt and when hee went any whither
hée both shortned and also enlarged the way accordinge to his owne will hee also said they set vp some hilles and threw downe other and this was he said they that first created the Indians but this Creator with a displeasure that hée tooke with his People of the Playnes conuerted their countrey into Sande and commaunded that it should neuer Rayne in those Playnes Yet in the mittigacion of his wrath hee sente them out of the Mountaynes the Riuers to comfort them This their God was called among them Con who was aâ—cordinge to their opinion the childe of the Sunne and the Moone and this Con was helde for their God whom they honoured and worshipped and it was hée said they that did maintayne them with earbes and siluester fruites But afterward out of the South came a great God called Pachacama who propperly was called Creator who also was the childe of the Sunne and Moone but after his comming their God Con vanished away and left hiâ— people without a Captayne by meane wherof Pachacama conuerted theÌ„ into Foule Apes Cats Beares Lyons Parrattes and sundrye other kinde of Foules which now abound in that countrey and hee it was say they that created the Indians which are at this day and gaue them industry to plâ—ugh the ground and to plant Trees hee was onely holden for God and all the principall men which deceased in that countrey were caryed to be buryed in the Prouince which is called Pachancama after his name In which Prouince his cheefe abyding was and standeth foure leagues from the city of y e Kinges This God Pachacama abode among theÌ„ till the comming of the Christians into Peru and after their comming be neuer more appeared wherupon it is thought that it was some deuil which made them beleue all those vanities These Indians hold opinion that there was in time past an vniuersall flood at which time their auncesters escaped in caâ—es which they had buylt for that purpose in the highe hilles where and before the flood they had layde in theyr prouision of victualles And when they went into those canes they dammed vp the little doores wherat they entred to defend them from the water And when they vnderstoode that the water vanished away they first put out their dogs and when they returned vnwet then were they sure that the flood was past and then came they out of their caues Also they say that with the moysture which remayned of the flood came the snakes to breede which did greatly annoy theÌ„ â—owbeit in proces of time they were destroyed Also it is most true that they had intelligence of the generall flood but they knew not that Noe did escape in the Arke with seueÌ„ persons which did againe replenish the worlde but they imagined that they escaped in the Caues as before is declared but yet their flood mought be particuler as was the flood of Deucalion They beléeue also that the world shall haue an ende but before the end say they shall come a great drought and shall not rayne in many yeares and to prouide for that time of necessitie the Noble men had great large houses built to kéepe their Graine in store against the time of drought Whan the Sun or Moone is eclipsed than they make a terrible cry with feare thinking that the last day is comen and that all shall perishe they beléeue assuredly that the Sun the Moone shall lose their light euen as whan either of them is eclipsed Of the Rites and Sacrifices of the Indians vsed among them in Peru. Chap. 11. THis people adore and worship the Sun and the Moone for Gods and the earth for their Mother in stead of y e sun they haue in their Temples certaine stones which they worship and are called Guacas which is the name of mourninge and wéepinge and euen so they wéepe when they enter into their Temples they presume not to come neare their Guacas or Idolles but onely such as are Ministers appointed for that seruice and those priests or ministers ware white garments when they make intercession to those Idols then take they certain white clothes in their hands prostrating themselues on the ground they make their supplicatioÌ„s to the idols in such a language that y e other Indians vnderstand not These priests also receaued such offerings as was offered to the idols buried the same in the temple for the offrings were alwaies either gold or siluer or images made like vnto the thing which ech person most desired Those priests vsed to sacrifice both men cattel but in the harts lights of men after they are taken out of the bodies they behold and marke certain signes tokens and the like of beasts and vntil they finde the signe which they seke for they cease not to kilâ— both man beast for say they vntill we finde the signes that we looke for our gods are not pleased w t our sacrifice Those priestes did seldome go abroad into the town nor yet lie with any woman in the time of sacrifice and al the night long they ceased not crying out with loud voyces inuocating y e deuils in the fields whâ—ras this Guacas were of which ther was many for vnto euery Indians house appertained a Guaca But when they should talke w t the deuil they first fast sow vp their eye lids yea some breake their eies because they are excéeding deuout in their wicked horrible blinde religion Their Cascikes or noble men doe take nothing in hand without they first consult with the idol priests or speking more plainly with the deuil The Spaniards found in many of those temples of the Sun certain great earthen vessels ful of dried children which had beene sacrificed And among those péeces of siluer gold which were found among those Guacas were also found cros staues and miters naturally like vnto those which bishops vse and some images had the like miters on their heads When father Thomas de Verlango bishop de tierra firme came into Peru there hauinge his Miter on his head at deuine seruice y e Indians thought verily that he was a Guaca and demaunded if he were y e Guaca of the Christians They did also many times enquire to what purpose they vsed the miter but they could yeld no reason for it sauing that it was an ornameÌ„t of great antiquitie Beside this Guacas throughout Peru were many houses or monasteries wherin a great number of wemeÌ„ were dedicated to the Sun These wemeÌ„ after they were once entred into those houses they neuer came forth againe but there coÌ„tinued spinning weauing very good cloth of cotton wool shéepes wool And when their cloth was wrought and finished they burned the same with y e bones of white sheepe and then tooke the ashes threw them into the aire toward the Sun These wemen liued chaste but if by hap any offended against chastitie they slew her for her labour but
which endured with fire and sword the space of 15. dayes in reuenge of the three Spaniards which the Indians had so trayterously sacrificed in recompence of the libertie which the Gouernour gaue them in the Iland of Puna The Cascike of Tumbez séeing the great hurt done vnto them yealded himselfe and in token of submission he presented to the Gouernour certaine gold siluer TheÌ„ he procéeded on his discouery with the most part of his company leauing the residue with his Maiesties Auditour Antonio Nauarro the Treasorer Alonzo Râ—quelme and iorneyed til he came to the riuer of Poechos which stoode 30. Leagues distant from Tumbez and obtayned peace with all the Cascikes and Townes which were on the borders of that Riuer He also discouered the port of Payta which was accounted the best harbor in al y e coast To this place came messengers to the gouernour from Cusco from the Prince Guascar geuing him to vnderstaÌ„d the rebellion of his brother Atabaliba who as yet was not appreheÌ„ded as before hath bene declared crauing at his hands succour and defence against his sayd brother With these ioyful newes the Gouernor sent his brother Hernando Pisarro back againe to Tumbez to bring away w t him all the remainder of his coÌ„pany which had abode behinde when he had so done he inhabited w t them in y e Citie of S. Mighel which sometime was a town of Indians called Tangarara scituated on y e Riuer side of Chira not far from the sea where was an excéeding good harbor for the shippes which came from Panama hauing here deuided their gold plate which was presented in this Coast vnto them The gouernour prouided forward leauinge certaine of his men for Citizens of y e new citty tooke his way towarde y e Prouince of Caxamalca because hée had intelligence how Atabaliba was there How the Gouernour came to Caxamalca and what there happened Chap. 4. IN this iorney to Caxamalca the Gouernor and his armie passed great extremitie of thirst in a desert without habitatioÌ„ of 20â— leagues loÌ„g where was neither trée bush nor water but only al sandy ground very hot At the end of 20. Leagues he came into the Prouince of Motupe where he found fresh pleasant Ualleys replenished w t many Uillages where hee well refreshed his army with y e great aboundance of victualâ— which he there found and as he went from thence asceÌ„ding into the mountaines he met w t a messenger which came from Atabaliba who brought vnto him for a preseÌ„t a paire of paynted Shooes and a payre of hand ruffes of golde beseeching him that when he shoulde come before his Prince Atabaliba to weare those Shooes on his féete and also to weare the ruffs accordingly to thentent that he might be knowen by those tokens The Gouernour receiued thankefully the present promised that he would fulfill his request and moreouer that he should certifie Atabaliba that his comming was not to offeÌ„d him if notorious wrong were not offered vnto him Because sayd he the Emperour king of Castile who sent me hither commaunded that I should not attempt to displease any without reason With this answere the messenger departed and the Gouernour likewise followed with great foresight that no enemy should disturbe his passage When he came to Caxamalca he met with another Messenger which came to aduertise him that he should not take vp his lodging without expresse coÌ„maundement from Atabaliba To this ambassage y e Gouernour made no answere but rather toke vp his lodging according as he thought good And than he sent captaine Soto with twentie horâ—men wel trimmed to Atabaliba his Campe which stoode one League distant from the Gouerâ—ours lodging to signifie vnto him the arryuall of his Generall When Captaine Soto came in sight of Atabaliba he set spurres to his horse as though he would haue run against an armed man which brauery did not a litle amase the poore Indians who with all hast fled out of his way But for their labour Atabaliba commaunded them to he slayne and would geue Soto no answere of his embassage vntill Fernando Pisarro came who the Gouernour sente after Soto with another company of horsemen but he tolde his minde to one of gis noble Cascikes and the Cascike declared his saying to the interpreter and the Interpreter to Soto But to Hernando Pisarro hee spake personally by the mouth of the only Interpreter Unto whom Pisarro sayd that his brother the Gouernour came from the Emperour his Maiestie and to know his royall will he only desired that it might please him to signifie whether hee might freely come vnto his presence to be accepted as his fréend Unto whom Atabaliba answered y t hee would freendly accept his offer so that hee would returne the golde and plate which since the entrance into his land he had taken from his Indian subiectes and also that forthwith he would depart his countrey and dominions and to take order with him in these causes he ment the next day to meete him at a certaine place called Tambo de Caxamalca When Hernando Pisarro had receaued this answere he beheld the great number of tents which were in the Campe of Atabaliba which seemed vnto him a great Citie and then tooke his leaue and returned with his answere to the Gouernour and when hee was come to his brother hauing declared what he had heard and seene it some what discouraged him hauing for euery Christian 200. Indians But notwithstanding he and all his company beeing hautâ—e minded and also of great stomacke The night followinge they comforted one another putting their only confidence in God so that than they occupied them selues in trimminge their Armor and other Furniture without takinge any rest of sleepe the whole night How the Battayle was giuen to Atabaliba and the taking of him Prisoner Chap. 5. THe next day following the Gouernor early in the morninge set his Armye in good order deuydinge 60. Horsemen into three partes and placed them in Ambush in seuerall places vnder the gouernment of Captaine Soto and Captaine Benalcasar for their Chiefetaines hee appointed his three Brethren Hernando Ihon and Gonsalo Pisarro and hee himselfe went with the infantry which is to be vnderstode al sortes of armed footemen prohibiting that none should stir without his watchword and the great ordinance shot of Atabaliba likewise set in good order his men of war appointing conuenient ground for his captaines to geue the onset He also commaunded that where he iudged the most danger of the christian force that one of his chiefe captaines called Ruminagui should attend that if nede required he might set on the Spanyards at their flight In this order Atabaliba set forward with great consideration and leasure that he was at the least 4. houres going one litle league Hee himselfe was caryed in his litter vpon noble mens shoulders There went before him 300. gentlemen attired in one sort of liuery making
THE DISCOVERIE AND CONQVEST of the Prouinces of PERV and the Nauigation in the South Sea along that Coast. And also of the ritche Mines of POTOSI THE RICHE MINES OF POTOSI ¶ Imprinted at London by Richard Ihones Febru 6. 1581. The strange and delectable History of the discouerie and Conquest of the Prouinces of Peru in the South Sea And of the notable things which there are found and also of the bloudie ciuill vvarres vvhich there happened for gouernment Written in foure bookes by Augustine Sarate Auditor for the Emperour his Maiestie in the same prouinces and firme land And also of the ritche Mines of Potosi Translated out of the Spanish tongue by T. Nicholas Imprinted at London by Richard Ihones dwelling ouer against the Fawlcon by Holburne bridge 1581. TO THE RIGHT HOnourable Maister Thomas Wilson Doctor of the Ciuill Lawe and one of the principall Secretaries to the Queenes most excellent Maiestie TVllius and Caius Plinius wrote that neither Posie nor Rethoricke seemed sweete or delectable without the ornament of eloquence Yet an Historie of whatsoeuer sorte it be written dooth please and delight because men may thereby knowe the successe of things happened to the knowledge whereof the nature of man is bent yea the tale of a Plowman is sometime delightfull to the hearer especiallie when any new thing is discouered And where the stile of this historie in our English tongue is not nor at the least I cā not polish as learned mē might require Yet the troth and pith of the matter vttered in plaine sort shall suffice giuing licence as much as in me lieth to whosoeuer that will take the paines to write it ouer againe to beautifie the same as to him or them shall seeme conuenient as often times hath happened among the Greeke and Latine Historiographers and Translators The Author of this woorke right honorable was a Gentleman of woorshipful stocke or linage he was highlie esteemed of the Emperour Charles the fift vnto whose Maiestie he was sometime Secretarie in his roiall counsel of iustice and afterward ordained Auditor of accompts of the reuenues appertaining to his Maiestie in the Prouinces of Peru and firme lande This well minded Gentleman after the writing of this Historie feared the publishing hereof for two principall causes The one least the discendent of such as had committed things not woorthie of praise would conceaue some euill oppinion of him or els the issue of the vertuous and noble sort would iudge the praise and commendations of their progenitors sufficiently set foorth according to their deserts In consideration whereof he called to remembraunce the oppinion of Horatius which was that no Historie should come to light vntill nine yeares were fullie past after the action thereof This oppinion liked him not but rather thought it more cōuenient that Histories◠woorthie of writing should abide in scilēce for the space of lxxxx yeeres thinking that in so manie yeares space the linage and ofspring of the one sort might consume and the race of the noble and vertuous to be contented vvith the commendation of their Auncestors The Kinge of Spaine that now is hauing perused the originall Copie of this Historie requested mine Author to publish the same in Printe and in accomplishment of his Maiesties commaundemēt he hath so doone And the Englishing of foure bookes of his worke I most humbly here present vnto your Honor. I may at this day God be praised boldlie write that where the Spanish and Portingall Naciōs dare glorie of their discoueries Nauigacions with great commendations of their Captaines Colon Vasco dela Gama Magalanez Hernando Cortez Don Francisco Pisarro Don Diego de Almagro Now may our most gracious Queen most iustly cōpare withall the Princes of the world both for discouery nauigacion The Discouery of the Portingall East India was atchiued in 26. moneths the West India in shorter space Magalanez returned not to manifest his dooinges But our valyant and noble minded Captaine Maister Francis Drake in his Nauigation was occupied more or nighe three yeares In which time he sayled and attained to the knowledge of the East and West course which none at any time had euer atchiued His paineful trauaile and maruailous Nauigation was not obtayned with white handes perfumed gloues daintie fare or softe lodging no no Honour is not gotten with pleasures quiet mindes For the sweet Roses groweth among Thornes yet the ignorant will iudge that perpetuall Fame and heauenly Felicitie is a thinge to be gotten with facilitie and ease But if the poore Sayler should sit as Iudge I am sure that hee would say how extreame hunger thyrst hard lodging vpon Hatches foule garmentes blustryng stormes of winde with Hayle Snowe bitter colde Thunder Lightning and continuall perill of life leadeth the hie pathway to the Court of eternall Fame The honour of our good Captayne and company lieth not in my Pen to set out accordingly therfore I remit the same to sutche as hereafter shall iustly sette foorth his paynes and trauell My humble sute is to beseech your Honour to accept this woorke into your patronage and the Almightie graunt your harts desire Your honours at commaundment Thomas Nicholas TO THE READER THe doubt which hath ben held gentle Readers vpon the verefiyng by what way it was possible to passe into the Prouinces of Peru I meane for the people whiche of antiquitie there first inhabited But to satisfie that doubt seemeth sufficient the aucthoritie and opinion of the diuine Plato who in brief maketh rehersal thereof in his booke intituled Thimeum otherwise called the nature thinges and afterwarde in another booke or Dialogue more at large proceeding on forward after his Thimeum called Atlanticum where hee treateth of an Historye which the Egiptians set forth in praise and commendation of the Athenienses saying that in times paste they were of such power that they ouercame and atchiued victory against certayne Kinges and an infinite number of men of warre which came by Sea from a great Iland called Insula Atlantica which had Origen at Hercules Pillers and was accounted greater then al Asia and Africa wherin was contayned tenne Kingdomes the which Neptunus deuided amonge his ten Sonnes but to the eldest called Atlas hee gaue the greatest Kingdome He also writeth of many other memorable thīgs as also of the customes and ritches of this great Iland but especially of a famous temple which was built in the principall Citie the walles and roofes wherof were wainscotted with plate of golde siluer and latton and other many particularities which are longe to rehearce as originally may be seen where they are written at large Many of whiche customes and ceremonies at this day wee haue seen in Peru. From this Iland they sayle to other great Ilands which stand on the farder side therof nere adioynyng to the firm or continent lande beyond the which is the sea called the brode or true Sea The formall words of Plato in the beginninge of Thimeum
contayne .15 and 16â— palmes or spannes from the point of whinge to whinge these Buytres féede vpon Zeales when they come on Lande to sléepe and refresh them selues than come the Buytres and season some on the feete and some on the tayle and lay such holde on him that hee cannot stirre whilest other plucke out his eyes and then they féede on the carkas there is another sort of foule called Alcatraces which are like vnto Hens although much excéeding in greatnes for his throat will holde three gallons of corne of those all along the coast of the South Sea are aboundance at the leaste for the space of two thousand leagues and more the chiâ—fe feeding of these foules are fâ—â—h They haue also another marueylous propertie which is They will smell the carkas of a dead man a farre of so that they wil enter thirty and forty leagues into the land to séeke the dead bodies The flesh of these foules are of a marueylous euil smell and â—ath happened that some for want of foode haue eaten of them whereof they haue dyed as of a rancke poyson Here before is declared how in these mountaines there rayneth hayleth and snoweth and in fine extreme in colde yet notwithstanding from those high hilles are valleyes descending so deepe that it may be thought incredible to some to speake thereof In which valâ—eys the heate also is marueylous and there groweth a certeine herbe called Coca which the Indians doe estéeme more then golde or siluer the leaues whereof are like vntâ— Zumake the vertue of this herbe knowen by experieÌ„ce is that any hauing of those leaues in his mouth hath neuer hunger nor thirst In some places of those mountaines are no trées at all so that wayfaring men which passe that way vse to make their fire of turâ—es which they finde excéeding good for that purpose There are also vaynes of earth of sundrie coloures and vaynes of golde and Plate wherof the Indians had vnderstandinge and coulde melte the same better and with lesse coste than the Christians they also vsed in the high hilles to make litle Fornaces with their mouthes toward the Meridian wheras the winde most ordinary doth blow and then they lay in the same Fornaces the mettal with Shéepes doung coales so that the winde doth kindle the fier and the mettal melteth and cindreth the Golde and Siluer and yet vnto this day is seene the great aboundance of Siluer which in this sort is molten in the Mynes of Potosi which coulde not otherwise bee wrought with Bellowes so y t the Indians are the chéefe melters with their small furnaces which they cal Guayras in their Language and is as much as to saye as winde because the winde doth kindle their Fornaces This countrey is so fruitful that it yéeldeth for one bushell of Wheate sowen 150. yea and sometime 200. and an hundred for one is ordenary although they haue no Ploughes to till the ground but vse to turne it vp with shouels and so the Indians vse to sow and likewise they make holes in the ground with a woodden Pin and put therin Wheat in such sorte as they vse to set Beanes in Spayne All kinde of Gardaine carbes prospereth excéedingly the Indians foode is chéefely boyled Maiz and toastedâ— in lue of bread and Deare â—lesh dried also drye fishe and sundry kindes of Rootes which they call Iuca and Aâ—is Amotes Papas and such like with many kinde of earbes They also vse a certaine kinde of Beueredge in stead of Wine which they make of Maiz the manner is they lay their Maiz in water in certaine earthen Uessels which they keepe vnder earth and there it voyleth and besides the whole Maiz they put therunto a certaine quantity of ground Maiz the which one Neighbour lendeth to another as wee vse to lende Leuen for Bread They hold opinion y t the standing water maketh better and more stronger beueredge than the running water This drinke is commonly called Chicha in the Ilande Language and in the Peru spéeche it is called Acisa of this drinke there is both white and red according to the colour of y e graine wherof it is made But it is of greater force then any Wine to ouercome the braine to make drunkardes but yet notwithstandinge if the Indians may haue Spanish Wine they would not care for their owne naturall drinke They vse also another sorte of drinke made of a small fruite which grow vpon certaine Trees called Molles this drinke is not so precious as the Chicha ¶ Of the Citties of Christians which are in the Mountaines of Peru. Chap. 9. IN the Mountaines of Peru are sundry places of habitacion of Christians which begin at the Cittie of Quito which standeth foure degrees beyond the Equinoctiall this Cittie in times past was a pleasante thinge and plentifull of corne and cattell and in the yeare of 1544. and 45. there was discouered ritch Mynes of Gold wherupoÌ„ the Cittie began to inlarge his bowndes with inhabitants and flourished vntill the fury of the cruell warres among the Spanyardes begon which was the cause that the most parte of all the Cittizens were slayne by the handes of Gonsalo Pisarro and his Captaines because they did both fauour serue the Uize-roy Blasco Nunez Vela all the time that he there aboade as hereafter perticularly shalbe declared From this Cittie is no poblation of Christians in the Mountaines vntill you come to the Prouince of the Bracamoros which was discouered by Captaine Ihon Porsell and Captaine Vergara who built there certaine Uillages to the intent that from thence they ment to discoâ—er forwardes But these Uillages came to ruine because Gonsalo Pisarro toke those Captaines and their men to ayde him in his Warres This Discouery was first taken in hande by the order and consent of the lycenciat Vaca de Castro who was gouernour of that Prouince aâ—d sent Captayne Porsell by the coast of Saint Mighell and farther vp into the Mayne hee sent Vergara by the Prouince of the Chachapoyas thinking that they should haue made their entries by seuerall places although it so happened that both the sayd Captaynes met in their iorney and fell to discorde about their Discouery concerning to which of them it should appertaine so that they were both sente for by the Gouernour Vaca de Castro to pacifie and take order in the causes of their contencion so that they were of the first Captaynes that were at the beginninge of the Warres in the Cittie of the Kinges in the seruice of the Uice-roy and after that the sayd Uice-roy was taken prisoner they abode with Gonsalo Pisarro and left of their procéeding in the Discouery This discoâ—ery reached 160. leagues from the Citie of Quito along the mountaines so that other 80. leagues forward standeth the Prouince called Chicapoyas wheâ—e is a Towne of Christians intituled Leuanto and is a fruitfull soyle for all kinde of victuall and hath also reasonable rich
Mitimaes Out of euery Prouince throughout his whole DominioÌ„ they brought yerely vnto their prince certein tribute of such things as the countrey yealded in so much that in some barrain soiles where no good commoditie grew yet from thence they sent yerely also to the king in token of duetie obedience certain loades called burthens of litle Lizarts as far as 300. leagues from cusco This Prince Guaynacaua did réedifie the Temple of the sun which was of old time fouÌ„ded in the citie of Cusco séeled the Roofes and walles thereof with boordes of siluer and golde And because a certaine noble maÌ„ which â—welled in the playnes had rebelled against him called chimocappa who was a man of great possession and had more then one hundred leagues of ground he went personally against him slew him in the field coÌ„maunded that from thenceforth no IndiaÌ„ of the plaines should at any time were weapon which oâ—der is kept vntill this day yet notwithstanding his successor enioyed through the Princes fauour y e prouince of chimo where at this present standeth the citie of Trugillio Guaynacaua and his father toke an order for the breeding of cattaile by meane whereof the couÌ„trey was wel prouided out of the which they payd tithing which they sacrificed to the sun The chiefe cause of the estimation of gold amoÌ„g the Indians was because the king made al the vessell for the seruice of his court of that mettal and also Iewels for his person offerings for the Temple The king had alwaies a chaire of gold caried with him to sit in of 16. carrets in fines which was estéemed at 25000 dukets this chaire was one of the things y e Don Francisco Pisarro chose for his iewel at the time of y e conquest For according to the articles of agréement betwéene his Maiestie him was agreed that of y e best Iewels which should be found or taken at any victorye hee should haue one out of y e first choise of the whole treasure At y e birth of the first manchild which Guaynacaua had he coÌ„maÌ„ded a cable of gold wier to be made in remeÌ„brance of y e birth of his sonne that was of such greatnes as many IndiaÌ„s do affirme which are as yet liuing that 200. strong men could scarcely lift or beare and also in remembrance of this memorable iewel he named his soÌ„ne Guasca which in y e IndiaÌ„ spéech is called a cable or great rope added therunto for his sirname Inga which is as much to say as Emperour This example I thought good to declare in this place for to conuince an opinion which is held in Spayne among such as know not the fashions of India and was how that people esteemed no golde nor yet knew the valew therof although it is true that they had many straÌ„ge vessels wrought of siluer and golde and also images of men wemen sheepe and many other kinde of beasts and sundry kindes of herbes wrought in the same metall of exceeding cunning workmanship Of the estate of the warres when the Spaniards came into Peru. Chap. 15. ALthough the principal intent of this Historie was to set out the things hapned to the Spaniards which at that time conquered the land and of their discouery since But sithens this could not wel be done without touching somewhat of the estate of the Indians which then ruled And also that it may be vnderstood it was the diuine permission that the Spaniards should come thither at such time as the land was deuided into two parcialities for otherwise it wold haue séemed not only difficult but also almost impossible Therefore I will recite in briefe the estate which the Spaniards found the countrey in at their arriual After that Guaynacaua had brought into subiection to great a number of Prouinces to his Empire for y e space of 500. Leagues accounting from Cusco westward hée then determined to goe in person to conquere the Prouince of Quito in the vttermost part whereof finished his dominion So that he prouided on his iorney thitherward with a great armye and being come thither and hauing finished and quyeted that Prouince he delighted much in that countrey because it was a pleasant Soyle and holesome for his complection whereupon hee abode there a great space leuing in the citie of Cusâ—o certain of his Sonnes and Daughters amonge whom was his eldest sonne called Guascar Inga Mango Inga and Paulo Inga and diuerse others And in Quito hee married another Wife Daughter vnto the Lorde of that Countrey and of her hee begot a Sonne called Atabaliba who hee loued excéedinglye so that now hée determined to returne to Cusco leauinge his Sonne with a Tutor in Quito but in this returne hee found the Calsey in the Mountayne broken and spoyled as herebefore hath béene declared After hee had abode in Cusco certaine yeares hee determined to returne againe to Quito not onely because that Countrey contented him much but also with desire to sée his Wife and young Sonne whom he loued more than any other of his Children and this Iorney hee tooke in hande by the highe waye that was made in the Playnes and from this time forward hee retourned no more to Cusco but abode all his life time in Quito gaue that Land or Prouince which hee had with force conquered to his Sonne Atabaliba because the same had béen of his Grandfathers Whan Guaynacaua died his Sonne Atabaliba tooke pocession of his Armye and of all his Fathers ritches which were in that Prouince although his greatest treasure was lefte in his Treasury in the Cittie of Cusco in the custody of his eldest Sonne vnto whom Atabaliba sente Embassadors giuinge him to vnderstand the decease of his Father and also submittinge himselfe to his obedience beséechinge his Maiesty that hée would ratifie the gift of his Prouince of Quito which the Father of them both had left vnto him considering that that Prouince of Quito was conquered by their Father after the maryage with his Mother and moreouer the Lande came by his Mother and Auncestors and was not pertayning to the Crowne of cusco or his inheritance Guascar made answere that hée should come to Cusco and render vp vnto him the Army and in so dooinge hee would giue vnto such Landes as should maintaine him like a man but the state of Quito hée shoulde not haue because it was the vttermost part of his Kingdome and from thence hée ment to conquer forward and alwaies there to maintayne a Garrison as a Frontier And if vpon this warninge hee refused to come vnto him that then hée would bend his power against him as an open enemy Atabaliba tooke counsell vpon this matter with two of his Fathers Captaynes who were both wise and valyant in the Warres The one was called Quizquiz and the other cilicuchima who counsailed that hee should not abide his Brothers comminge but that it might please him to begin to take that
whereupoÌ„ they gaue iudgement of death and executed the sentence But before his death he stil called for his frend Hernando Pisarro who was gone toward Spayne saying if he had beene here I should not so wrongfully be put to death And at the hower that he should die he was baptized by the Bishop How Ruminagui made insurrection in the Prouince of Quito and how the Gouernour went to Cusco Chap. 8. THe Captaine in whom Atabaliba had put in his life time a great trust as in the former Chapter is declared and how he fled from the battaile in Caxamalca with 5000. Indians He I say being in the Prouince of Quito gathered together al the Indians of Atabaliba and possessed himselfe of the estate of that Countrey compelling them to obay him as their right and only Lord. Atabaliba a litle before his death sent his brother Illescas to Quito to bring vnto him his children which Ruminagui most vnnaturally caused to be slayne When Atabaliba saw that of force hée should die hee earnestly desired certaine of his Captaines to see his body caried to the Prouince of Quito to be buried with his Father Guaynacaua the which requeste they faithfully performed and wheÌ„ the dead body was brought to Quito Ruminagui receiued it with great honour and buried him with his Father with great pompe and solemnitie accordinge to the custome of the Countrey and when the Funerals were ended he caused a great drunken Feast to be made in the which when the Captaines that had brought the dead body were throughly drunke hee commaunded them al to be slaine among whom was Illescas Brother to Atabaliba who had his skinne plucked of beinge aliue and with the same skin hee couered the endes of a Drum and his head hanging at the same Drumme In this meane while the Lord Marques Gouernour deuided all the Golde and Plate in Caxamalca and when he had so done he had aduice how one of Atabalibaes Captaines called Quixquix went vp anâ— downe in the countrey stirring the Indian People to insurrection whervpon he determined no longer to abide nor yet to tarry his coÌ„ming in the Valley of Xauxa hee also sent before him Captaine Sâ—to with certaine of his Horsemen and hee him selfe went in the Reregard In the Prouince of Viecasinga the Indians came sodainly vpon Captaine Soto in such sort that hée stoode in perrill of the ouerthrow foure of his men were slaine but the day beeing spent the night forced them to cease and to retire to the Mountaines The Gouernour hearing of this great daunger of Captaine Soto sent Don Diego de Almagro to suckcour him with certain Horsemen so that the next morning the Indians comming agayne to skirmish the Christians made as though they would fly to allure the enemies downe into the Playne out of the daunger of the high places from whence they did much hurt with their Slinges But the Indians suspectinge the pollicye of the Christians retired backe againe and kept their skirmishing neare the Wooddes not knowing of the succour which was come because of the great myst which did fall that morninge they could not discry their coÌ„ming by meane wherof the ChristiaÌ„s had the victory and slew many of the enemies Then came the Gouernour with the Reregard at whose comming came a brother of Guascar and Atabaliba who was chosen Inga or King of the Land by meane of their deathes hee had receiued the great Tassell which was as much as to saye as the Crowne of the Princely estate and was called Paulo Inga who certified the Gouernour how in the cittie of Cusco attended his coÌ„ming a great number of men of War with this newes hée letted not but procéeded forwarde by his ordinary Iorneyes vntill hee came in sight of the Cittie out of the which he saw assend a maruailous smoake by meane wherof hee iudged the Cittie to be on fier to the intent to preserue the same he sent with all spéede a company of Horsemen but they were no sooner comen neare the cittie when a great number of Indians came out to encounter with theÌ„ with slinges and sundry other sortes of weapons in such sort that the Spanyardes were glad with all haste possible to retire aboue the space of a longe League where they met with the Gouernour who vnderstandinge what had hapned sente from thence his two Bretherne Ihon and Gonsalo Pisarro with the most of the Horsemen who set vpon the enemies on the Mountaine side with such courage that they caused them to retire and in their flight slue many of them vntill the night compelled them to cease The Gouernour séeinge the good successe gathered his army togeather and the next day thinkinge to haue had resistance in his entrye into the Cittie hee found not one man to withstande him so that hee and his companye entered peaceably where hee aboade at pleasure Twentie daies after his abode in Cusco came newes how Quixquix had a great Army wherwith he did great hurt robbing spoyling in the Prouince of Conde suyo wherupon the Gouernour sent Captaine Soto with 50. Horsemen to disturbe his procéedinges whose comming béeing knowen to Quixquix hee durst not abide but with all spéede fledde toward Xauxa thinkinge there to finde some small company of the Christians whom hée might easely subdue who were such as had remained behinde to kéepe the Fardage and the Kings portion of treasure which was at the charge of Alonso Requelme Treasorer But the Spanyards hauing aduise of his pretence although they were but fewe who in effecte attended in Xauxa for the purpose aforesaid did so valyantly defende his enterprise that his desire tooke no place but rather was forced to passe forwarde the highe waye towardes Quito When the Gouernour had intelligence of y e dealings of Quixquix hée sent after him againe Captaine Soto with his company of Horsemen and after him hée sente his Bretherne who generally followed him aboue a hundred Leagues and coulde not ouertake him wherupon they returned agayne to Cusco where they had as great a praye of Golde and Plate as before they had in Caxamalca the which the Gouernour deuided amonge his Souldiers and began to inhabite the Cittie which was the head and Princely seate of all the whole countrey of Peru and so continued a long space among the Christians hée also deuided the Indian People among the new Inhabitantes which there determined to abide for there were many of his men that were not willing to remaine there but rather to returne into Spayne to enioy the Treasure which they had gotten both in Cusco and Caxamalca How Captayne Benalcasar went to the Conquest of Quito Chap. 9. HEre before in this History hath béene declared howe at the time when the Gouernour came into Peru hee inhabited the Cittie of Sainct Mighel in the Prouince of Tangarara neare vnto y e port of Tumbez for the only intent that such as should come froÌ„ Spaine might haue a sure and safe Roade or harbor
had no vnderstanding But when Villaoma could not bring his purpose to effect at Charcas he came flying to Cusco And when Don Diego was entred into the Countrey of Chili Philip the Interpreter who was priuie to all the conspiracie fled likewise howbeit hee was taken by certaine Spanyardes that followed him and aswel for this treason as the other that he committed in Quito the Gouernour commaunded his body to be cut in quarters who at the time of his death confessed that hee was the only cause of the vniust death of Atabaliba only to haue his wife at his commaundement as before hath béene rehearsed And as Don Diego was occupied in the conquest of Chili a seruant of his named Iuan de Herrada ouertooke him he it was that his said master had left in the citie of the kings to gather more soldyars for his seruice in the discouery who brought vnto him a prouision which Hernando Pisarro had brought out of Spayne for him by vertue of the which the Emperour had made him Gouernour of one hundred Leagues of ground beyonde the borders and limits of the iurisdiction and gouernment of Don Francisco Pisarro the which office and gouernmente was called in the letters patentes new Toledo for the Precincte of Don Francisco his Iurisdiction was named new Castile But now Don Diego iudging that the cittie of Cusco did fall within the compasse of his Regiment without any respect of his former othe which hee so solemnly had made hee determined to cease and leaue of the discouery which hee had in hand and to returne to take into his possession the Citie of Cusco Of the troubles which Don Diego de Almagro passed in his iorney toward Chili and of some other particularities of that countrey Chap. 2. GReate were the troubles which Don Diego and his company passed in the iorney toward Chili aswel with hunger and thirst as also with encounter of Indians which were mightie great men of groweth Also there were in some places excéeding good archers who were clothed in Zeale skinnes But the extreeme colde did much annoy them aswell the bitter sharpe aire as the frost and snow also the passage ouer the mountaines which were couered with snow where it hapned that a captaine called Ruydias who followed Don Diego de Almagro had many of his men and horses frozen to death for neither their apparrel nor armour could resist the excéeding sharpnes of the aire which did so vehemently penetrate and fréese them The extremitie of this cold was such that at the end of fiue moneths when Don Diego returned toward cusco he found some of his coÌ„pany which had followed outward frozen to death standing on their feete leaning vpon the Rockes and holding their horse bridels in their hands and their horses likewise frozen to death as fresh without corruption as though at that instant they had dyed The carcases of which horses was a great reliefe for his men at his said returne for want of other victualles and after they were past the extremitie of cold theÌ„ came they into such a wildernes without any kinde of habitation where they stoode in as great a néede of water to drinke so that their chiefe remedy was to carrye with them from the snowy hilles shéepes skinnes full of water in such sort that euery liue sheepe carryed on his backe the Skinne of an other dead Sheepe full of water Among diuerse properties which the Shéepe of Peru haue one is the strength of their ordinarye burden is halfe a hundred waight and many times thrée quarters of a hundred being laden vpon them as Cammels vse to carry their ladinge and are in makinge much like vnto Cammels sauing that they want the knop on the backe The Spanyardes hath now brought them â—o such purpose that they will carrye a man also in a rode Saddell foure or fiue leagues a day and when they feele theÌ„ selues weary they vse to lye downe and will not rise againe although they should bee beaten neuer so much or lifted vp with strength vpon their feete yet they will not goe one â—oote further except they bee vnladen And it happeneth often times that whan any rideth vpon them and they feelinge them selues weary they then lifte vp their heades and looketh vpon him that spurreth them and casteth out of their mouthes a thing of an exceeding euill sauor which is though to be of the foode which lieth in their stomackes They are beastes of great commoditie and their wooll is in euery respect as fine as silke especially one sorte or kinde of them called Palos their â—éedinge is very small chéefely such as labor whose ordinary meate is Maiz also they drinke very seldome that is to say once in foure or fiue daies the flesh of them is passing good and in euery respecte as good or rather better then the Sheepe in Castile of this kinde of flesh all the countrey is aboundantly prouided and in euery Citie and towne it is the principallest flesh in the Shambles although at the first comming thither of the Spanyardes they vsed no shambles for why euery one had cattayle of his owne and whan one Neighbour killed any sort of Beast his other neighbors might haue therof what they would require In certaine places of Chili were many Abstruses in the Plaines so that when they were disposed to hunte them the Spanyards would ride pâ—st after them very seldome could ouertake any although their flight was on their féete runninge and hoppinge and although their bodies were hugie and waighty yet with their leapes a good horse runninge neuer so swifte could very seldome out runne them There are also many running Riuers which runneth in the day season at night not a whit which is a thinge to be noted and especially among them that vnderstand not the reason therof which is that in the day time the sun melteth the snow and Ise of the mountaines so that the water that commeth from those high hilles in the day maketh great Riuers and at night all remaineth frozen againe But after we passe 500. leagues alâ—ng the coast come into 30. degrées on y e other side of the Equinoctial toward the Southward there is plenty of rayne and also al windes as ordinarily do blow as it doth in Spaine and other places Eastward All the countrey of Chili is inhabited and hath aswel plaine ground as mountaines and by reason of many crekes and bayes which are in the sea coast of this lande so that sayliâ—ge North and South requireth sundry windes Chili standeth in 40. degrees as is saide North and South from the Cittie of the Kinges till you passe to the saide 40. degrees in altitude the countrey is very temperate and hath Winter and Sommer in due season accordinge to the qualitie of Castile and their North Starre is in comparison like vnto ours sauinge alwayes hee is accompanied with a litle white clowde this starre according to Astronomers opinion is
on euery side how be it Hernando Pisarro and his brethren defended his assaulte like valliant gentlemen with many other Capitaines and approued good Souldiars whiche were within the Citie especialâ—y Gabrâ—ell de Rojas Hernando Ponso de Leon Don Alanso Henriquez and the Treasorer Requelme and many others who vnarmed them selues neither daie nor night and did assuredly beleeue that the Gouernor and all the other Spanyardes were slaine by the Indians because thei had knowledge that all the lande had rebelled and were occupied in the warres So that these valliant minded men fought so manfully as men that expected no humaine succour but onely put their trust in the helpe from GOD alone although thei daiely deminished by the handes of the Indians In the meane while that the warre and siege endured Gonsalo Pisarro with other twentie horsemen came out of the Citie to vewe the siege and proceded forwarde till thei came to the Lake called Chinichera whiche stoode fiue leagues distant from the Citie where the enemies came so thicke and thronged vppon hym who although he aâ—d his companie fought valliauntly yet thei had yelded if Hernando Pisarro and Alonso de Turo had not rescued them with an other companie of horsemen because GoÌ„salo had entered too farre emong the enemies whiche he did with greater courage then wisedome How Don Diego de Almagro came with his power vpon Cusco and tooke prisoner Hernando Pisarro Chapt. 4. HEre before hath been declared how Iuan de Herrada caried into the prouince of Chili to Don Diego de Almagro the prouision which the Emperor had graunted to hym concernyng his newe gouernation whiche did extend beyond the limites of DoÌ„ Francisco Pisarro his graunt wherevpon he determined to returne from his pretended discouerie of Chili and to take the Citie of Cusco into his power to whiche purpose the gentlemen whiche were in his coÌ„panie encouraged hym to make all the hast possible especially Gomes de Aluarado brother to Don Pedro de Aluarado and his Uncle Diego de Aluarado and Rodrigo Orgonios emong whom some desired the reparation of the Citie and Countrey and other coueâ—ed to bee alone in the gouernation of Chili so that to bryng this matter to passe thei deuised to cause their interpretars to proclaime that Don Francisco Pisarro and all his companie of Spanyardes were slaine by the Indians whiche had rebelled who had likewise vnderstandyng of the rebellion of Inga So that now Don Diego tooke this enterprise in hande and when he was come within sixe leagues of Cusco without giuing knowledge to HernaÌ„do Pisarro of his commyng he wrote to Inga promisyng to pardon all that was paste if he would become his freend and assist hym in his pretended purpose alledgyng moreouer that all the lande appertainyng to Cusco was within the precinct of his gouernement wherefore his meanyng was to possesse the same But Inga deceiptfully sent hym woorde that he should come personally and talke with hym and so he did with suspition of some deceipte wherefore he lefte some of his menne with Iuan de Sayauedra and tooke the reste with hym But when Inga espied tyme conuenient he sette vppon hym with suche a vehement courage that Don Diego was glad to retire In the meane season HernaÌ„do Pisarro hauyng knowledge of his commyng went to visite Iuan de Sayauedra at his Campe and mought haue taken hym prisoner if he had would as the Citezens of Cusco had counsailed hym to doe but he would not rather when he had spoken with hym he retourned backe vnto the Citie without the giuyng vnto him of any vngentle language How be it Iuan de Sayauedra reported afterward that he had offered vnto hym 5000. poyzes in gold to deliuer into his power all the men whiche were in his companie and that he refused the money When Don Diego was retourned from Inga he came with all his armie in the sight of the Citie with his Ensignes spread where he tooke fower horsemen whiche Hernando Pisarro had sent to talke with hym he also sent to require the state and Cheef Magistrates of the Citie to receiue hym for their gouernour accordyng to the Emperours letters Patentes graunted to hym whiche were ready to bee seen The saied Magistrates made answere saiyng that he should cause the limittes of his graunt to be measured with Don Francisco Pisarro and wheÌ„ it should be verified that the Citie of Cusco should fall out of the league of grounde specified in the graunt of Don Francisco then would thei yeelde to his request and also obeye hym as reason and duetie should require But their wise and gentle aunswere was neuer performed By meane whereof after did followe suche greate damage slaughter and discorde betwene these twoo valliaunt Captaines and although sundrie tymes thei mette to measure by line the lande that should appertaine to eche of them yet thei neuer agreed vpon the cause For sometymes thei would saie that the leagues of lande appertainyng to the gouernation of Don Francisco should bee measured a long the Sea coste acceptyng into the reconyng all Creekes Bayes and croked heade landes or Capes Others helde opinion that the measure should bee by lande acceptyng likewise into the accompte all croked waies whiche of force were to bee gonne almoste circular and not directly straight So that by eche of these twoo reconynges the gouernement of Don Francisco did finishe a greate waie before thei could come to Cusco yea some saied before thei could come to the Citie of Kynges But Don Francisco pretended that their opinions were not iuste nor lawfull in that forme of measuring but rather saied he that thei should measure according to the rules of the altitude of the Sunne allowing the due nomber of leagues to euery degree beginnyng at the Equinoctiall line accordyng to Astronomers reconyng in the Northe and Southe course by the superior line and in so doyng the Citie should fall into the iursdiccion of Pisarro But bee it as maie bee for as yet vntill this daie the matter was neuer agreed vpon that is to saie whether the Citie of Cusco doeth fall into the newe Castile or in the newe Toledo although sundrie tymes bothe Pilotes and learned GeometriciaÌ„s hath met to decide the cause especially the Licenciall Vaca de Castro who had a perticular CoÌ„mission touchyng that matter and as yet sentence was neuer pronounced But now letting this discord ceasse returnyng again to the Historie Hernando Pisarro sent woorde vnto Don Diego that he would prepare a certaine parte of the Citie for hym and his retine we to lodge in and in the meane while he would aduertise his brother Don Francisco of his demaunde who at that instaunt was abiding in the Citie of the Kyngs to the intent that some order might be taken betweene them consideryng that thei were bothe freendes and companions And to treate of this matter some doe affirme that truce was taken vpon that condition so that vnder that conclusion eche one held him self to
Iorney Whilest he was executing of Iustice in the Féeld there came aboue 7000. Indians vpon the cittie who put the few Spanyards which had the gard of the cittie in great extremitie amonge whom were Captaines Francisco de Villagran â— and Alonso de Monroy with onely thirtie horsemen who came out of the Cittie into the Féelde where they fought like valyaunt men of War with the Indian Archers from the morninge till the night compelled them to rest of which skirmish they were al both wounded and wearied The Indians also were as glad of the retire through the slaughter and damage which that day they had receaued So that from that day forwarde all the countrey was on an vproare and prepared for the Warres and so continued for the space of eyght yeares all the which time Valdiuia and his men resisted their fury and neuer left the countrey but rather caused his souldiers to plough and sowe the ground and gather the corne to maintayne them without any ayde of the Indian helpe and so continued vntill hee returned to Peru which was at y e time when the lycenciat De la Gasca was preparinge an Armye against Gonsalo Pisarro in all the which warres hee serued as hereafter shalbe declared THE FOVRTH BOOKE treateth of the voyage and discouerye made by Gonsalo Pisarro of the Prouince of Zinamon and of the death of the Lord Marques Pisarro How Gonsalo Pisarro prepared him selfe for the Iorney of Zinamon Chap. 1. AFter that knowledge was had in Peru how within the precincte of the dominion of Quito Eastward was discouered a ritch countrey where abouÌ„dance of Zinamon did grow By reason wherof vulgarly that Countrey or Prouince was called the land of Zinamon Whereupon the Marques determined and also tooke in hand to conquere and inhabite that Countrey so that for the same purpose he chose his brother Gonsalo Pisarro with intent that alwayes from Quito that vyage should be furnished with all necessaries And in accomplishment of his pretended purpose he made assignation of the gouernment of Quito to his sayd brother Gonsalo in hope that the Emperour his Maiestie would confirme the same This don Gonsalo Pisarro tooke his way toward this discouery with a reasonable number of men In the way as he went he was forced often times to fight with the Indians of the Prouince of Guanuco whâ— draue him to such extremitie that he was compelled to write to the Marques for succoure who sent vnto him Francisco de Chaues and after al those broyles were past he came to Quito In this meane while the Marques sente Gomes de Aluarado to conquere and inhabite the Prouince of Guanuco because he was informed how certaine Cascikes had conspired and with a great number of Indians were gone to the siege of the citie of Trugillio who also slew as many Spanyards as they met withall Robbing spoyling likewise the peâ—re Indians which were ComareaÌ„s to the citie and all the spoyle carkases of the dead they offered to an idole which they carryed with them called Caraquilla And in this order proceeded on their iorney vntil Mighel de Lacerna issued out of the Citie with as many Citizens as he could gather together Who ioyning with Francisco de Caues fought with the enemie and obtayned victorie How Gonsalo Pisarro departed from Quito and came to the Countrey of Zinamon what hapned to him on his way Chap. 2. GOnsalo Pisarro hauing prepared all necessaries for his determined vyage hee departed from Quito hauing in his company 200. Spaniards wel trimmed in all poynts of the which number was one hundred horsemen and aboue 4000. Indian frends with 3000. sheepe and hogs After he was passed a towne called Inga he came into the countrey of the people called Quixos which is the farthest Countrey that Inga Guaynacaua conquered toward the North where as those Indians made a countenance of warre But in one night they vanished all away so that one of them coulde not be taken After a while that hee had abode with his Armie in the townes and dwellinges of those Indians refreshing theÌ„ selues there happened a maruailous great Earthquake with rayne and tempest of Lightning and Thunder and the ground oppened in many places and swallowed vp more then 500. houses yea a riuer which was not farre from them did so much increase that it was not possible for them to passe ouer to seeke victuals by mean wherof they were driuen to great penury and hunger After he departed from these Indian dwellings they came to a row of high hilles which of force they should passe The extreme colde on the top of those hilles was exceeding great in such sort that many of their Indian frendes were there frozen to death and because that wil dernesse of mountaines was without any succour of victuals they were compelled to proceede forward till they came to a Prouince called Sumaco which standeth at the foote of a high Volcan and finding there sufficient prouision of victuals the army abode there whilest Gonsalo Pisarro with some of those countreymen entred againe into the mountaines to séeke a conuenyent way for his army to passe and finding none he came to a towne called Coca and from thence he sent for his company which abode at Sumaco and for the space of two moneths that he abode there it neuer ceased rayning neither day nor night yea in all that space there was not so much drye wether that they might drie the wet clothes which they ware on their backes So that in this Prouince of Sumaco and 50. leagues in circuite groweth the Zinamon wherof they had notice which are great trees with leues like vnto Bay trées and the fruite of these trées is like vnto clusters of small fruite which groweth round like an egge and although the fruit leues barke and rootes of those trées haue the sauour odor and substance of Zinamon yet the most profite is where the fruit groweth like vnto a great acorne and although in all this countrey are many of these wilde trées which fructifie and growe without any labor of mans hand The Indians haue of the same kinde many trées in their tillage ground which they trimme and keepe with labor and payne and those trees produce finer Zinamon a great deale which they estéeme in much because they batter with it in other Cornarcan Prouinces for victualles cloth and all other necessaries which are néedefull for their sustenance Of the Countrey and Townes that Gonsalo Pisarro passed vntil hee came to a Land where hee built a Vergantine Chap. 3. WHilest Gonsalo Pisarro abode in Sumaco the greatest number of his men y t were whole and sound of body wente before to discouer the way according as the Indians gaue theÌ„ instructions yea and oftentimes they ledde them out of the way euen as the inhabitants of Sumaco had doone onely for to expell them out of their countrey and their deceite was they taught them a way sayinge
in all his iorney either gold or plate and ceased not till he came out into the Northern sea being 325. leagues distant from the Iland of cubagua This Riuer is called Maranion because the Captaine which discouered this nauigation was called Maranion The beginning or headspring of this Riuer commeth from Peru out of the side of y e mountaines of Quito It runneth by direct course accounting by the rule of altitude of the sun 700. Leagues and with the crookednes and compasse which the same Riuer maketh in many places from his origen vntill it commeth into the mayne Sea containeth .1800 leagues and the mouth of the same riuer is fiftéene leagues brode and further inward it waxeth thrée yea and foure leagues broder When Orellana was commen out of the Riuer of Maranion he tooke his way toward Castile where he enformed his Maiestie of his discouerie and also how he had finished the same at his owne cost and charge And more ouer in his said discouerie was a countrey excéedinge ritche in the which liued none but Wemen which coūtrey cōmonly was called the conquest of the Amazones Beseeching his maiestie to graunt vnto him the gouernment discouery of y e said country the which his request accordingly was graunted vnto him Whervpon he gathered together the number of fiue hundred men among whiche were many Gentlemen and men of greate credit with whom hee tooke shippynge in Sainct Lucar de Barrameda and after he was commen to the Altitude of the Canaria Ilandes the winde was contrarie for his Nauigation and also driuen to want of victuales whervpon the Fleete was seperated one shippe cleane without sight of the other and he himself died on the way in sutche sorte that his companie were scattered amonge the Ilandes Of all the whiche his proceedynges Gonsalo Pisarro made great complaynt principally for so trecherous a parte as was to leaue him in suche necessitie and want of victuall and likewise without any succour or helpe to passe his armie ouer the Riuers And also because hee had deceaued him of a great summe of Golde Plate and Emraldes which was aboorde of his Uergantine with the whiche he had sufficient to finish bothe shippyng and all other furniture necessarie for the discouerie whiche the Emperour had graunted vnto him through his deceitfull practise How Gonsalo Pisarro returned to Quito and of the great paines and miseries which he passed in the returne Chapter 5. WHen Gonsalo Pisarro was come to the place where he commanded Orellana to leaue the Canoas for his commynge for to passe certaine Riuers By meane whereof he was driuen to greate extremitie and forced to make Kaffes and Canoas for that purpose And when he was come to the méeting of the two Riuers where he appoynted Orellana to attende his commyng and finding him not yet there he had vnderstandyng of a Spaniard which Orellana had left on shore behinde him because he stood against his pretended voyage and Orellana also intending to take this new discouery in hand in his owne name not as Liuetenant to Gonsalo Pisarro whervpon he desisted frō thaucthorie receiued of Pisarro compelled his company to elect him for their captain general Now Gonsalo Pisarro beyng left succourlesse voyde of help for his Nauigation the only way to prouide sustenance for his armie yet he found somwhat amonge the Indians for barter of small bels glasses notwithstandyng his gréefe and heauinesse was not small whervpon he determined to returne backe agayne to Quito from whence he had trauailed more then .400 leagues of most euill way among Monntaynes and country vnhabited the which when he had discouered hee wondered at his owne trauayles which he had passed escaped the cruel death of hunger in y e wildernes of Mountaynes wher 40 of his mē ended their daies without any hope of succour but euen as they axed for meate lening to trees they fel downe dead with very hunger But now cōmitting him self to God hée returned by another way leauing y e way y t he came which was not only troublesome to passe but also voyde of al kinde of sustenance so at al aduentures sought another way which was as euill rather worse then the way which they had comen in the which they had much to do to sustaine life although they killed their horses which were left and greyhounds with other sort of dogs to eate the extremitie of hunger was such that a cat or a hen was worth fiftie poyzes which is starling neare twenty pound one of those poysoned foules called Alcatrax was worth ten poyzes In this manner Gonsalo Pisarro continued on his way toward Quito where as longe before hee gaue aduice of his returne wherupon the Cittizens of Quito prouided great aboundance of hogs shéepe came out of the citie to meete him on his way they caryed also with thē some horses apparrel for Gonsalo Pisarro and his Captaines the which succor came vnto him being 50. leagues from Quito who cōming vnto him with such prouisiō God he knoweth how ioyfully it was accepted but chéefely the victuals Gonsalo Pisarro his company were almost naked for longe sithence with the great waters of rayne otherwise their clothes were rottē from their bodies so that now each of them had but only two small Deare skins which couered their fore parts and also their hinder partes some had lefte olde rotten bréeches shooes made of raw deare skins their swords wanted scabards and were spoyled with rust they came all on foote their armes and legs were scratched with shrubs and bryers their iestures séemed like vnto dead men so that scarcely their freends olde acquaintance knew them In which painefull Iorney in more then 200. leagues they could finde no salte which they found to bee a great want vnto them But when they were come into the countrey of Quito and had receaued that freendly succour they fel on their knées and kissed the ground yéeldinge vnto God most humble and harty thankes who had deliuered them from so many perrils and daungers Their excéeding hunger was so great that they began to feede like raueninge woolfes so that it was thought conuenient for their health to taxe their meat with moderate diet vntil by litle and litle their stomackes were comforted and strengthned for disgesture When Gonsalo Pisarro saw that the horses and apparrell which was brought would but only furnish him and his Captaines neither hée nor they would not take any parte thereof nor yet chaunge their olde ragges which they had on their backes to obserue the rule of equitie like good souldiers so that in this forme and attire hée with his company entred into the city of Quito in a morninge and wente directly to the Temple to render vnto God most humble laude and praise who of his infinite goodnes had deliuered them out of so manye perrils and daungers and after their prayses giuen eache
one attired him selfe according to his possiblitie This countrey where the Zinamon groweth standeth vnder the Equinoctiall Lyne euen as the Ilandes of Maluco doth which also bringeth forth Zinamon which ordinarily is spente in Spayne and in other orientall partes How the inhabitantes of Chili began to conspire The Marques death Chap. 6. WHen Hernando Pisarro executed Don Diego de Almagro in the citie of Cusco hee sente a Sonne of his which he had begotteÌ„ of an Indian Woman to the citie of y e Kings whose name was also Don Diego de Almagro who was a vertuous younge man of great courage and well brought vp his chéefe exercise was to ride a horse well both after the Genet vse and warlike order in the which facultie hee prooued a gallaunt Horsman hee could also write and reade exceedinge well his Schoolemayster and Tutor was a Gentleman called Iuan de Herrada who had likewise the gouernment of his person The Father of this young man commended his Sonne vnto this man Now whan he was in the citie of the Kinges with his Pupill hee vsed greate conuersacion with such as he thought meete to bee of his parcialitie who were such as went waÌ„dring vp and downe in the Countrey without a guide as men lefte succourlesse and ouercome and none woulde entertaine them because they were with Don Diego de Almagro at the time of his ouerthrow Now Iuan de Herrada callinge to remembrance how Hernando Pisarro was gone into Spayne and his brother Gonsalo likewise gone into the countrey of Zinamon in discouery and hée also beeinge set at libertie by the Marques for vntill this time hee was as a Prisoner So that now the younge man and his Tutor began to prepare armour and other furniture of War in a readines meaning to reuenge his Fathers death the destruction which was made in his Fathers armie the remembrance wherof was as yet very fresh in minde although the Marques often times procured to haue them for his faithfull fréends but yet he could neuer bring his desire to effect wherupon hee tooke occasion to take from them certain Indians of seruice thinking by that meane they should not haue wherwithall to maintaine such as daily came vnto them but his pretence auayled not for they were so knitte togeather in league of freendship that all which they possessed was a thing common among them that which was gotten by play or stealth they brought to Iuan de Herrada his House as a common stocke to maintayne him withall so that dailye they multiplyed and furnished them selues with Armour yet not withstandinge there were many of the Marques freendes that gaue him warninge of their dooinge But hee not regarding their counsayle beeing a man of a gentle nature and condicion answered them saying that they should not encrease the sorrowe of the ouerthrowen men Alas quoth hee their greefe is great ynough to see themselues poore ouercomen and almost of all men abhorred Don Diego de Almagro and his companye beeinge assured of the playne meaninge of the Marques they became euery daye more shamelesse then other yea they letted not the cheefest of them to passe by the Marques in the streate without any submission or reuerence dooinge vnto him and also on a night they had tyed three Halters on the Picot which is a Piller wheron they vse to doo execution of hanginge in the Market place of euery cittie The one of those Halters was set towarde the Marques house and another towarde the house of his Liuetenant and the thirde toward the house of his Secretary Yet the Marques dissimuled all these dooinges excusinge them as men ouercome and without shame and therfore they vsed such practises But these longe sufferings made them a great deale the bolder so that from two hundred leagues distante came diuersâ— of the parcialitie which were tofore banished amonge whom they absolâ—tely conspired the Marques death and to bee Lorde of the Landeâ— as afterward followed Yet they stayed somewhat y e longer in the execution of their determination onely to heare some newes because they had vnderstanding that Captaine Diego de Aluarado â— was gone into Spayne to accuse Hernando Pisarro of his former proceedinges and how Hernando was for his offence apprehended and the cause earnestly followed they had also intelligence how his Maiestie had prouided the Lycenciat Vaca de Castro to come into Peru to make informacion of all the former successe but not to punishe the offences with such rygor as they expected Wherevpon leauing all delaies aside they foorthwith determined to execute their intended purpose although they had a great desire to se what Vaca de Castro woulde do saying that if this new Iudge do not as soone as hée commeth apprehend and put to death the Marquez that then they would murther them bothe together and for to haue more assured aduertisement they sent Don Alonso de Monte Mayor towarde Tumbez others in his companie Because there were certayn shippes arriued which came from Panama who brought newes how Vaca de Castro was preparyng his viage into Peru. Afterwarde it happened that when Vaca de Castro had inbarked him selfe in Panama the currant of the Sea being contrary draue him in sutch sorte to Léeward that he was forced to come on lande at the Ilande of Gorgona and to passe vp the Riuer of Sainct Iohn and by good happe came into the gouernacion of Benalcasar and from thence passed by lande into Peru as hereafter more particuler shalbe declared The men of Chili séeyng the delay in the comyng of Vaca de Castro they suspected that by their owne delay of their pretence intelligence might be geuen to him of their doynge and thereby bee an occasion of the losinge of all their liues So that they now were agréed to execute theyr intente as in this chapter folowinge shalbe declared How the Marquez his friendes gaue him a speciall warnyng of the order of the conspiracie of his death Chap. 7. IT was openly knowen in the Cittie of the Kinges how the men of Chili had conspyred the Marques his death many of his fréends giuing him warning thereof vnto whome he made aunswer saying that their heads should kéepe his so y t in fine he was carelesse of his enimies in such wise that oftentymes he would goe out of the Cittie to certayne Milles that he had a making with only his Lacky 〈◊〉 â—ttend vpoÌ„ him And to such as demaunded of him wâ—â— he had not a Garde to wayte vpon him he would say that he would not that men should thinke that he stoode in feare of the Lycenciate Vaca de Castro who was comming for to be Iudge against him Wherupon the men of Chili blewe abroade that Vaca de Castro was dead séeing that the Marquesse stood in such securitie of him selfe So that on a daye Iuan de Herrada went to visite him at his house with certayne of his parcialitie and founde him in his Garden where after certayne wordes
invite eyther of them They were equally abstynent and moderate in theyr féeding and dyet as also in refraining of sensuallitie and especially from abusing of any Spanish Women for they déemed that they could not deale therein without preiudice of theyr neighbours whose Wiues or Daughters those Women were they neyther ouermuch enclyned to the Indian Women The Marquesse had the company of an Indian Gentlewoman who was sister to Atabalâ—ba by whome he had a Sonne named Don Gonsalo who deceassed at fowretéene yeeres of age and a Daughter named Donca Francisca By an other Indian Woman of Cusco he had an other Sonne called Don Francisco Don Diego de Almagro had that sonne of whome we haue spoken who slewe the Marquesse which Sonne he had by an Indian Woman of Panama They bothe receyued honour at the Emperours hands for as hath bene declared to Don Francisco Pisarro he gaue the tyttle or addition of Marquesse and made him Gouernour of newe Castile and also ordayned him Knight of the order of Saint Iames. To Don Diego de Almagro he gaue the gouernment of newe Toledo and the tytle of chéefe Discouerer Particulerly the Marquesse was greatly affectioned and helde in great feare and reuerence the name of his Maiestie in so much that he abstayned from dooing of many thinges that he had power to doo declaring that he would not that his Maiestie should say how he ascended in the Land and oftentymes when he was present at the melting of the Syluer and Golde he would ryse from his Chayre to take vp the graynes of Syluer and Golde which fell from the clypping saying that with his mouth when handes fayled he woulde gather together the kinges porcion These two Gentlemen were equall euen in theyr kindes of death for the Marquesse brother put Don Diego to deathâ— and Don Diego his Sonne slewe the Marquesse The Marquesse was desirous to benefit the Countrey by tyllage and other commodities He buylt a fayre house in the Cittie of the kinges he also buylt for the benefite of the Cittie two rowes of Mylles along the Riuer side in which buylding he occupied him selfe at all tymes of leysure giuing his councell and opinion to the Maister workemen He tooke great paynes in setting forwarde the workes of the Cathedrall Church of the Cittie of the kinges and other lyke Monumentes Howe Don Diego de Almagro the younger ioyned an Armie of men of Warre and howe he slewe certaine Gentlemen and howe Alonso de Aluarado spread his Ensigne for his Maiestie Chap. 10. AFter that Don Diego had gotten the Citie into his power and taken the wandes of Iustice from the Officers and placed other by his owne election he then apprehended Doctour Velasques Lieutenannt to the Marquesse and Antonio Picado his Secretarie and chose for the chéefe Captaynes of his warres Iuan Tellio Cittizen of Ciuile and Francisco Chaues and also Sotelo WheÌ„ the noyse was spread abroade of the election of these new Captaynes all the Uagabounds and ydle persons which were in that countrey came to this cittie pretending lybertie to robbe spoyle and lyue at pleasure And to furnishe those Roges with money he tooke the Fiftes appertayning to the King and also the goodes of such as were deceassed which was kept in a common Chest to performe theyr Testamentes and Legacies But afterwarde discencion began to growe among them selues for some of the principall personnes mooued with enuie were mynded to kyll Iuan de Herrada séeing that although Don Diego had the name of gouernour and Captayne generall yet the sayde Herrada ruled and gouerned all And the mutiny being knowen many were executed especially Francisco de Chaues and also Anthonio de Oribuela Citizen of Salamanca was beheaded Because when he came from Spaine he sayde that they were Tyrants Afterwarde Don Diego sent his Messengers vnto all the Citties of his gouernment wylling them to admytte and receyue him for theyr gouernour And although he was accepted in the most Citties for the feare onely which they had of him yet in Chachapoyas where Alonso de Aluarado was Lieutenant as soone as the Pursuiuantes were come with the commaundement from Don Diego he commaunded them to be arrested and also fortified him selfe to withstand him in obedience and had an especiall confidence in the people of the Countrey and also in a hundred men of warre which he had attending on his person Whereupon he spread his Ensigne on the behalfe of his Maiestie esteeming in nothing the threatninges bragges and fayre promises of Don Diego which were written vnto him by his Letters But rather made a playne aunswer that in no wyse he would receyue him for Gouernour vntyll such tyme as his Maiestie should commaund the same by expresse order and Commission And in the meane whyle he hoped through the helpe of God and those Gentlemen which were in his company to reuenge the death of the Lorde Marquesse and to punishe theyr disobedience and offences doone against his Maiestie When Don Diego vnderstoode the pretence of Aluarado incontinent he dispatched Captayne Garcia de Aluarado with a great company of foote men and Horse men commaunding him to encounter and giue him the Onset with all his industrie and power and that in the way as he should passe to enter into the Citie of Saint Mighell and there to take bothe Armor and Horses from the Cittizens and at his returne to doo the lyke in the Cittie of Trâ—gillio In this order Garcia de Aluarado tooke his iorney by Sea vntyll he arriued at Puetia Sancta which standeth fifteene Leagues distaunt from Trugillio where he mette Captaine Alonso Cabrera who came flying away with all the people of the Towne of Guanuco to ioygne with the Cittizens of Trugillio against Don Diego which cause being perfectly knowen he tooke bothe him and certayne of the chéefest of his company Who as soone as he was come to the Cittie of Saint Mighell he caused to strike of the heads bothe of him and one Villegas which came in his company Howe the Cittie of Cusco arose for his Maiestie and chose for their Captayne generall Pedro Aluares Holgui and what followed Chap. 11. WHen the Messengers and Prouisions of Don Diego came to the Cittie of Cusco where at that tyme Diego de Silua sonne of Felisiano de Silua borne in the Cittie of Rodrigo and Francisco de Caruatall Sheriffes of the Cittie But Caruatall was afterwarde Campe maister to Gonsalo Pisarro So that the Estate of the Cittie agréede in Councell not to allowe nor yet receyue him although openly they durst not denie his commaundement and request vntyll they might pefectly vnderstande and know what number of men prouision he had in readinesse to procéede with his enterprise whervpon they made a bréefe aunswere saying that they desyred it might please Don Diego to send a more ample authoritie and power touching the premisses then as yet he had done then in continent they would allowe the same After that the Messengers were
dispatched backe againe with this aunswere the Estate of the Cittie calling to remembraunce howe Gomer de Tordoya who was one of the chéefest of Councell of the Cittie was at that instaunt recreating him selfe abroade in the Countrey They agréede to send aduertisement vnto him of all the procéedinges of Don Diego but it so happened that theyr Messenger mette him comming towarde the Cittie and when they had enfourmed him of theyr Message he hauing a Merlin Hawke vpon his fyst wrested the head from the body saying from henceforwarde it is more conuenient to exercise Feates of Warre then to goe a Hawking And comming towarde the Citie he entred in the night season where secretly he dealt with the Estate of the Citie in Councell what was most necessarie to be done and then he departed agayne to the place where Captayne Castro was with whome he concluded to sende a Messenger to Pedro Asueres Lieutenaunt of Charcas to wyll him to ryse on the behalfe of his Maiestie and then the sayde Gomer de Tordoya with all his power went after Pedro Aluarez Holguin who was gone with a hundred men to encounter with certayne Indians and with good happe he ouertooke him at which méeting he certified him of the newes at Cusco beséeching him to accept the charge of so iuste and honourable an Enterpryse as to be theyr generall and chéefe Ruler ouer theyr Hoste in consideration whereof he also offered to be his Soldiour and the first man that should obey him Upon which request Pedro Aluares accepted the charge incontinent spread his Ensigne in the behalfe of his Maiestie And this being done they conuocated the inhabitauntes of the Cittie of Arequipa with whome they went to Cusco where at theyr comming they found many congregated on the behalfe of Don Diego who foorthwith fled towardes him to the number of fiftie personnes After whome followed Captayne Castro and Hernando de Bachiaco with certayne Hargabusiers who ouertooke them in the night season and apprehended them with whome they returned to Cusco The Councell of Cusco hearing of this good successe came and ioyfully receyued him and with conformitie of all the Captaynes bothe swore and chose Pedro Aluares Holguin for Captayne and chéefe Iudge of all the dominions of Peru vntyll such tyme as his Maiestie should otherwyse prouide whereupon warre was proclaymed against Don Diego and his retinew The Cittizens also of Cusco bound themselues to paie all such summes of money which he should spend of the Kings Treasure among his Soldiours if that his Maiestie should not thinke well or accept the same in iust and lawfull accoumpt And for the furnishing of these procéedinges all the Cittizens of Charcas Arequipa and Cusco offered theyr goodes and personnes so that in shorte space there ioyned together aboue .350 men of whome were .150 Horsemen a hundred Hargabusiers and a hundred Pykemen But notwithstanding Pedro Aluares hauing intelligence howe Don Diego had eyght hundred men and more in his Campe he therefore durst not abyde his comming in the Cittie of Cusco but rather chose to passe with his power into the Mountaynes to ioyne with Alonso de Aluarado who lykewise was rysen on the behalfe of his Maiestie and also expecting there to méete with the fréendes and Seruitors of the Marquesse which were hydden in those Desartes So that he procéeded with his company in good order meaning that if Don Diego should happen to méete him on his way to giue him battayle And when he departed from Cusco he lest for the defence of the Cittie as many men as was thought sufficient for that purpose he appoynted Gomez de Tordoya for Campe maister and Garcilaso Delauega and Pedro Asuerez for Captaynes of the Horsemen and the charge of the Infauterie or Footemen he commended to Captaine Castro and the Offices of Alerez of the Standard royall he committed to Martine de Rolles How Don Diego went to seeke Pedro Aluarez and finding him not he passed to Cusco Chap. 12. DOn Diego hauing vnderstanding of the procéedinges in Cusco and how Pedro Aluarez was departed out of the Cittie with all the power that he might make wherupon he iudged that he was gone into the Mountaynes to ioyne with Alonso de Aluarado so that he determyned to méete him on the way and to stoppe his passage the which his pretence he could not bring to passe with such expedition as he desired for staying for Garcia de Aluarado whome he had sent for by Poste at whose cōming they left procéeding after Alonso de Aluarado and at the tyme when they came to the Cittie of Trugillio he was mynded againe to disturbe his passage had not the Towne of Leuanto which standeth in Chachapoyas perswaded him to the contrarie When Garcia de Aluarado was come to the Citie of the Kinges Don Diego foorthwith tooke his iourney against Pedro Aluarez with thrée hundred Horsemen one hundred Hargabusiers and a hundred and fiftie Pikemen But before his departure he banished out of the Coūtrey the Lord Marquesse children and beheaded Antonio Picado after that he had extreamely racked him and put him to sundry tormentes onely that he should confesse where the Lord Marquesse Treasure lay This done he procéeded on his iorney but before he had passed two leagues from thence came secretly certayne prouisions from the Lycenciate Vaca de Castro which were sent from the coūtrey of Cuito directed to father Thomas de Saint Martine Francisco de Barrio Nueuo giuing vnto them thereby authoritie to deale in the gouernment of the Countrey vntyll that he him selfe might come thether Wherupon the Estate and Councell of the Cittie had secrete conference obaying the prouicions which were at that instant orderly presented and admitted the Lycenciate Vaca de Castro for Gouernor and Geronimo de Aliaga for his Lieutenaunt because he was so appointed by lyke prouisions After the doing of these things the Aldermen fled to the Cittie of Trugillio and many other Cittizens in theyr company these things were not so secretly done but the same night Don Diego had vnderstanding of all at large whereupon he was minded to returne to sacke the Cittie but fearing least Pedro Aluarez should escape him he durst not retyre and likewise because his Soldiours should not come to the knowledge how there was a new gouernour in the land So that for these causes he procéeded forwarde yet notwithstanding when newes was knowen in Don Diego his Campe many of his Soldiours fled from him especially Father Thomas de Saint Martine Diego de Alguero Iuan de Sayauedra Gomez de Aluarado and the Factor Yllansucarez de Carauaiall in this iourney happened to fall sick Iuan de Herrada of a certaine infirmitie wherof he died By meane wherof Don Diego was forced to stay his iorney in the meane while Pedro Aluarez passed by into y e valley of Xauxa where Don Diego thought to haue abode his comming yet at the length he followed him so that they were not farre a sunder
de Aluarado who with his companie attended on the roiall Standarde of which was Alferez Christoual de Barrientos borne in the Citie called Ciudad Rodrigo and now was a citezen of the Citie of Trugillio The left side was commended to these fower captaines Pedro Aluarez Holgui Gomes de Aluarado Garcilaso de la Vega Pedro Ansuerez eche of them carriyng in good order their standardes and companies and thei theÌ„ selues went in the first roâ—es And in the midest of the horsemen went the Captaines Pedro de Vergara and â—uan Velez de Gueuara with the Infauterie and Nunio de Castro went the Hargabuziers in the foremoste front to beginne with skirmish and to retire to their Squadron when tyme should require Vaca de Castro aboade in the reregarde with his thirtie horsemen somewhat a farre of from the power of the battaile so that alwaies he might succour where he should see greatest neede as in effect he did How the bartaile of Chupas was fought Chapt. 19. WHilest the Armie of Vaca de Castro marched towarde the enemie who ceassed not in shootyng of his Ordinaunce whiche shotte passed on high cleane ouer the armie of Vaca de Castro Wherevpon Don Diego suspected that Candia who was Maister Gunner had been suborned and that therefore willyngly he discharged his ordinaunce in suche sorte so that without any further hearyng of the matter he slewe the Gonner with his owne handes and when he had so doen he hym self shotte of a peece of Ordinance whiche eâ—tred into one of the Squadrons and slue many of theÌ„ When Captaine Carauajall considered that their Artillarie could not bee brought with suche speede as tyme required he determined with his companie to leaue it behinde them and to enter the battaile without any longer delaye or benefite of their Ordenaunce At this instant Don Diego and his Captaines Iuan Balsa Iuan Tellio Diego Mendez Diego de Hoces Martyn de Bilbao Iuan de Ollo and the residue had placed their horsemen in twoo Squadrons and betweene theim the Squadron of the Infauterie and their greate Ordinaunce in frâ—nt towarde the place where Vaca de Castro was thought to giue the onsette And demyng it a cowardie to staie any longer the SquadroÌ„s marched on with the Artillarie towarde the face of the force of Vaca de Castro cleane against the will and opinion of Pedro Suarez cheef Seriant of his Armie who beeyng a manne experte in the warres liked not their doynges for as soone as he sawe the settyng forwarde of the Ordenaunce he iudged the feeld to be loste Because in the place where before the Campe was pitched there was space sufficient for the Artillarie to offende at will before the enemie might come nere and with proceadyng torwarde thei of force loste their benefite of the Ordenaunce and so came without discretion vpon the power of their aduersaries When Pedro Suarez sawe that thei would not accepte and followe his counsell he sette spurres to his horse and fledde to the parte of Vaca de Castro In this meane while Paulo brother vnto Lynga encountered with Vaca de Castro on the left hande of his armie with a greate companie of Indian Souldiars who shot with dartes and throwyng of stones with slynges and other engines But the hargubuzers whiche were placed for tyme of neede set vpoÌ„ them and slewe many whereupon thei began to flee in whose place entered Martin Cote Captaine of the hargubuzers of Don Diego who began to skirmish with the companie of captaine Castro and the SquadroÌ„s proceded by the sounde of their drummes till thei came to the place where thei abode whilest the Ordnaunce was shot of whiche was doen with suche furie that thei could not breake so sone as thei would and althogh thei were within shot yet thei receiued thereby no damage sauyng the companie of footemen whiche were placed on high ground so that the Ordnaunce made a greate spoyle among them and forced the Squadron to open yet notwithstandyng the Captaines with greate dilligence caused them to ioyne againe In this meane while Francisco de Carauajall chiefe Sariant stated the Captaines of his side vntill all the Ordnaunce was discharged and then the horsemen going vp a little plot of high grounde met with the hargubuziers of Don Diego who at this instant slue Pedro Aluarez Holguin and Gruiez de Tordoya with two bullets and wounded many others When Captaine Pedro de Vergara felt hym self hurte with the shot of a hargubuze he began to crye vnto the Squadrons of horsmen to breake for if ê™ he ye delaie any longer all your footemen will be spoyled Wherupon the Trumpets sounded to breake and immediatly the horsemen of Vaca de Castro encountered with the horsemen of Don Diego with greate courage in suche wise that thei brake on both sides almoste all their launces and many were slaine and vnhorsed on eache side when their launces failed thei ioyned with force of sworde and battaile axe in suche wise that thei fought with many a bloodie stroke till thei were well nigh brethlesse and thereupon forced to rest a while The Captaines of the footemen of Vaca de Castro his side beganne also to encounter with those of Don Diego hauing no feare or respecte of the Ordnaunce by meane of Captaine Carauajall who valiantly encouraged them saiyng feare ye not the shot more theÌ„ I doe for ye see ê™ he I am a grose and a fat man and a better marke to be shot at then ye are and because ye shall not thinke that I trust in my armour beholde my doyng and thereupon he put of a coate of maile whiche he had on hym and also his hedpeece remainyng in his dublet and hose and in this sorte he led his companie on the face of the artillerie who followed with suche courage that in shorte space thei won it and slewe many of those that had the charge thereof and then ioyned in battaile with the contrarie side so valiantly that the victorie was onely attributed vnto hym At this instant the night approched and begaÌ„ to waxe darke so that skarcely one knewe an other but onely by their watche worde The horsemen likewise began their fight a fresh so that then the victorie began to appeare on the behalf of Vaca de Castro who with his thirtie Horsemen gaue the onset on the left hande where were twoo firme Ensignes of Don Diego who cried victorie on their side Notwithstandyng all the other Ensignes of Don Diego beganne to retire as ouercome and Vaca de Castro breakyng in among them there began a whot fight in the which some of those thirtie horsemen were wounded and vnhorsed And also Captaine Ximenez Nicholas Montaluo and other GentlemeÌ„ were slaine But Vaca de Castro striuyng for victorie with so noble a courage Don Diego and his men beganne to turne their backes and flee and Vaca de Castro and his companie followed among whom he made a greate slaughter and wounded many When Captaine Bilbao and Cristoual de
be in securitie Hernando Pisarro caused that night all the Citezens and menne of warre to take their reste in their houses because thei were greatly wearied with watchyng and wearyng their armour daies and nightes without takyng any rest at all When Don Diego had aduise of the Citezens reste and securitie and the night beyng verie darke especially through a darke Cloude whiche at that instaunt couered the Citie he forthwith assaulted the Citie But when Hernando and Gonsalo Pisarro heard the noise thei made greate haste in arming them selues and their house beeyng the first that was assaulted thei like valliant gentlemen defended them selues vntill thei had set fire on euery side of the house wherevpon thei yelded and were in this order taken prisoners The next daie followyng Don Diego compelled the couÌ„saill of the Citie to receiue hym for their cheef ruler and Gouernour and also commaunded Hernando and Gonsalo Pisarro to be put in Irons yea and many of his councellers wished hym to put them to death the whiche councell he refused considering the noble courage and minde whiche thei shewed in the defence of their house so that thei were put in the custodie of Diego de Aluarado Also it was credibly thought that certaine Indians were the occasion that Don Diego did breake the truse that was made and also some Spanyardes who brought newes vnto hym that Hernando Pisarro had commaunded to breake donne the bridges and the Fortresse in the Citie whiche newes seemed to bee the verie originall cause For when Don Diego entered into the Citie he spake these woordes with a loude voyce Oh how haue ye deceiued me with your deceiptfull newes for here I finde bothe bridges and euery thyng whole and sounde Of all these proceadinges the Gouernor Pisarro knewe nothing nor many daies after the takyng of the citie and imprisonment of his brethren Don Diego de Almagro made Paulo brother to Atabaliba kyng gaue vnto him the Cassal of the Empire the which newes being knowne to his brether Mango Inga he fledde with a greate nomber of his people into certaine asperous Mountaines called Andes How the Indians slue many that the Gouernor sent to succour his brethren in Cusco Chap. 5. EMong other thynges whiche the Gouernour Don Francisco Pisarro sent to craue of the Emperour he besought his Maiestie in remuneration of his seruice doen in the conquest of Peru to graunt hm 20000. Indians perpetually to hym his discendentes in a Prouince called Atambillos with their Rentes Tributes and Iurisdiction with title of Lorde Marques of that place and people The Emperour aunswered that as touchyng the Indian people he would take aduisement and also of the qualitie of the Countrey and what profite or damage thereof might growe and that in consideration of his seruice he would so gratifie hym as lawfully with reason he should thinke conuenient so that at his request the title of Lorde Marques was graunted and the Emperor commaunded that from thence forthe he should be sâ— called And therefore hereafter in the prosecution of this Historie we will call hym by the name of Lorde Marques The Lorde Marques hauyng vnderstandyng of the rebellion of the Indians and not thinkyng the matter would haue come to suche extremitie he began to sende succour of men to his brother Hernando Pisarro to Cusco by little and little as he could gette them by tenne aâ—d fiftene at a tyme. The Indians also hearyng of this weake succour appointed many men of warre to attende their commyng at euery dangerous passage that was in their waie so that as many as the Lorde Marques sent in this order were as fast murdered by those Indians whiche thyng would not so haue fallen out if he had sent them all together And as he went to visite the cities of Trugillio and sainct Mighell he determined to sende one Diego Pisarro with 70. horsemen to the succour of his brethren al the whiche the Indians sâ—ue at a straight passage whiche of force thei should goe and at this daie is called the hill of Parcos whiche standeth fiftie leagues from Cusco and the like happened to the Marques his brother in Lawe called Gonsalo de Tapia who he sent afterward with 80. horsemen thei also put to the worse Captaine Morgoujo and Captaine Gaete with their coÌ„panies yea fewe or none of them escaped so that those which alwaies followed last could haue no knowledge of the successe of those which went before And an other policie the Indians also vsed which was thei would let them passe till thei came into a Ualley betweene twoo Hilles and then would thei enuiron them bothe before and behinde and from the high places came the stones as thicke as Haile beeyng throwne with slynges in suche sorte that thei slue many of them before thei could come to hande strokes So that thei slue aboue 300. horsemen and tooke from them greate quaÌ„titie of Iewells Armour and apparell of silke Now the Marques hauyng no aunswere from none of those succours he sent Francisco Godoy borne in Caceres with 45. horsemen who by chaunce mette with onely twoo men whiche had serued vnder Capitaine Gaete and escaped from the tyranny of the Indians so that by them he had intelligence of all that had passed wherevpon he returned with all speede although he was almoste taken in the snare of his fellowes and was followed by the Indians aboue twentie leagues and daiely by them encountered before and in the reregarde So that he was forced to trauaile in the night seaâ—on for feare of the multitude of enemies And wheÌ„ he was come to the Citie of Kynges whither also was comen Captaine Diego de Aguero with certaine men that hâ—d escaped the Indians rage The Marques had vnderstandyng how a greate nomber of the Indian enemies followed Captaine Aguero wherevpon he sent Pedro de Lerma with 70. horsemen and many Indians his freendes to encounter with the Souldiars of Inga with whom thei fought almoste a whole daie vntill the enemies were forced to take a high Rocke for their holde and sauegarde Wherevnto the Spanyardes laied siege on euery side the same daie captaine Lerma had his teeth broken with the stripe of a stone and also nine of his men were wounded and one horseman slaine But the Christians draue them into so greate an extremitie that if the Marques had not commaunded them to retire thei would that daie haue ended the warres because the Indians were in extreame miserie shutt vp in their fort and no waie to helpe them selues So that the Spanyardes also seeyng theim selues free from the tyrannie of their enemies thei gaue vnto God mooste hartie thankes and thâ—s doen thei remoued their Campe vnto an high hille that standeth not farre from the Citie of the Kynges daiely skirmishyng with the enemies The cheefe Captaine of the Indians was called Tysoyopangui and the brother of Inga which the Marques sent with Captaine Gaete in these warres whiche the Indians attempted nere the
Citie of the Kyngs it happened that many Indians who were seruauntes to the Spanyardes called Yanaconas serued the Indians of the warres in the daie season for wages and at night came to their supper and lodgyng with their maisters ¶ How the Marques sent into diuers parties to requier succour and how Captaine Alonso de Aluarado came to aide hym Chap. 6. THe Lorde Marques seyng suche a greate noÌ„ber of Indian enemies in redinesse for the besiging of the citie of the Kinges he then thought assuredly that Hernando Pisâ—rro and all his companie in Cusco were slain and that the insurrection and rebellioÌ„ was generall through the lande thinkyng also that Don Diego had the like successe in Chili And because the Indians should not thinke that with feare he kept his Nauie of shipps to flie in them when neede should require And also that the Spanyardes should not haue hope of succour to repaire to the saied shippes to escape out of the lande and by that meane to fight with lesse courage then manhoode should require he commaunded the shippes to bee sent from thence to Panama He sent also messengers to the Uiceroye of the newe Spaine and to all the Christian gouernours of all the Indies crauyng their fauor and helpe aduertisyng theÌ„ of the great danger that he was in Signifiyng the same with woordes not of suche courage as he was wont to shewe in other â—hynges But it should seeme that his so doyng was through the peâ—swation of some faint harted persone whiche councelled hym so to doe He sent likewise to his lieutenant of Trugillio coÌ„maunding hym to leaue the Citie without people and to embarke their wiues children and goodes in a ship which he sent for that purpose that thei might be conuayed to the firm laâ—â—e and he with all the rest of the citezens to come with their horses and armor to aide him Because he thought assuredly that the Indian enemies would come and spoâ—le their Citie and he not able to defende them So that he iudged the surest waie to bee to ioyne them selues together in one bodie yet he required that their coÌ„ming should be in secret WheÌ„ thinhabitaÌ„tes of Trugillio were ready to depart towardes the Marques came thither Captain Alonso de Aluarado with all his companie who was come froÌ„ the discouerie of Chachapoyas beyng also sent for by the Marques and hauyng lefte a certaine companie of men of warre in the Citie of Trugilio for the sauegarde of the same thei came al together to the Citie of the Kynges to aide the Marques who louyngly entertained them And incontinent made Alonso de Aluarade captaine generall in lue of Pedro de Lerma who vntill that tyme had enioyed that office yet the vnplacyng of hym was so greeuous vnto hym that afterward it caused Mutynie as in place and tyme shalbe declared When the Marques sawe him self so well prouided of men and other â—urniture necessarie he determined to succour where moste neede should require Whervpon he sent captaine Alonso de Aluarado with 300. Spanyardes footemen and horsemen to discrie the couÌ„trey who proceding on his iourney about 4 leagues from the citie in Pachacama he had a sharpe battaile with the Indians of whom he had the victorie and slue many of theÌ„ this doen he tooke the waie toward Cusco in whiche iourney passyng through the countrey vnhabited he suffered great penurie and onely for waÌ„t of water died aboue 500 of his Indians with thirst who were labourers and caried his bagage and if the light horsemen had not been who roade by poste with certain vessells for water whiche was the meane to saue the liues of a greate nomber mo of the footemen whiche were all in danger of the same ende As he in this maner proceded forward he ouertooke in the Prouince of Xauxa Gomes de Tordâ—ya naturall de Villa Nueua de Barca Rota who had in his companie 200 footemen and horsemen so that thei were now in nomber 500 men with whom Alonso de Aluerado tooke his waie to the bridge called Lumjchaca where the IndiaÌ„s had enuironed them on euery side hauyng their battaile together the Christians had the victorie yet thei ceassed not skirmishyng vntill thei came to the bridge called Aban cay where Alonso de Aluarado had vnderstanding of the imprisonment of Hernando Gonsalo Pisarro and of all the affaires which passed in Cusco so that he determined to procede no further vntil he should haue further Commission from the Marques When DoÌ„ Diego de Almagro had notice of the coÌ„myng of Alonso de Aluarado he sent vnto hym Diego de Aluarado with other seuen horsemen to notifie vnto hym the prouision graunted by the Emperor Who at their commyng Alonso de Aluarado tooke them prisoners saiyng that the Lorde Marques ought to be cited with their prouisions not he who was no partie for suche matters But when Don Diego sawe that his messengers returned not againe fearyng least Alonso de Aluarado ment to enter into Cusco by some other waie About xv daies after he came with his whole power determinyng to set vpon Aluarado because he vnderstandyng how Pedro de Lerma had practised a Mutinie for to passe vnto him with 80 men and when Don Diego drewe nigh to Aluarado his scoute toke prisoner Pedro Aluarez Holguin who was a light horsman to Aluarado who hauing intelligence of his imprisonment was minded likewise to appreheÌ„de Pedro de Lerma vpon suspition who fled from him the same night carriyng with hym the fines of all those whiche had promised their faithe and freendship to Don Diego On a night Don Diego came to the bridge hauyng knowledge how Gomes de Tordoya and a sonne of the Coronel Vilalua were tariyng his commyng who had sent ouer at a shallow place many of the men whiche were of the coÌ„spiracie with Pedro de Lerma who were encoraged to passe the water without feare It was manifestly knoweÌ„ that some of the conspirators who watched that night had stolne aboue fiftie Lances whiche thei brought awaie with them So that when Alonso de Aluarado was minded to haue attempted the battaile he founde the conspirators missyng and many moe of his men whiche went to seeke their Lances that were stollen from them in the night watch were also wanting by meane wherof Don Diego obtained the victorie without bloudsheding sauing that Rodrigo Orgonios had his téeth broken with the stripe of a stone Now wheÌ„ the spoile was deuided Aluarado taken prisoner Don Diego retuâ—ned to Cusco where he shewed some bitternes of crueltie to his prisoners yea and so exalted him self in pride that he letted not to saie that in short space he would not leaue one of the name of Pisarro to stuÌ„ble at in all the dominion of Peru. He said also that the Marques might goe rule emong the Manglarez whiche dwell vnder the Equinoctiall line if he liâ—t to gouerne How the lorde Marques tooke his iourney to Cusco to succour his brethren