by_o the_o square_n as_o for_o the_o city_n itself_o it_o be_v the_o great_a half_n void_v wherein_o be_v nothing_o but_o garden_n of_o herb_n and_o root_n the_o house_n that_o there_o be_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o old_a and_o ruinous_a as_o that_o the_o great_a duke_n have_v late_o give_v commandment_n that_o every_o one_o according_a to_o his_o ability_n shall_v either_o build_v new_a or_o at_o the_o least_o repair_n and_o trim_v they_o on_o the_o outside_n for_o the_o better_a grace_n of_o the_o town_n so_o unlike_a be_v pisa_n to_o itself_o which_o in_o former_a time_n be_v able_a to_o wage_v battle_n at_o land_n with_o the_o florentine_n at_o sea_n with_o the_o genoese_a yea_o and_o with_o venice_n also_o and_o before_o that_o to_o conquer_v sardigna_fw-es to_o overcome_v the_o king_n of_o carthage_n and_o bring_v he_o prisoner_n to_o rome_n to_o recover_v palermo_n in_o sicilia_n from_o the_o saracen_n to_o assist_v the_o french_a with_o a_o mighty_a navy_n in_o their_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n to_o send_v forty_o ship_n to_o the_o recovery_n of_o alexandria_n for_o almerick_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n to_o aid_v th'emperour_n frederick_n barbarossa_n against_o the_o state_n of_o milan_n beside_o many_o other_o their_o famous_a and_o victorious_a conquest_n whereupon_o one_o say_v erat_fw-la pisa_n altera_fw-la roma_fw-la fuimâ—â—_n troes_n fâ—â—_n ilium_n nunc_fw-la seges_fw-la ubi_fw-la trola_fw-it fuit_fw-la to_o speak_v of_o the_o diverse_a goverment_n of_o this_o town_n and_o the_o many_o alteration_n it_o have_v suffer_v be_v a_o discourse_n though_o not_o altogether_o needless_a or_o impertinent_a yet_o so_o large_a or_o rather_o tedious_a as_o will_v be_v altogether_o disproportionate_a to_o my_o former_a brevity_n i_o will_v leave_v it_o therefore_o altogether_o untouched_a and_o go_v forward_o my_o journey_n to_o sienna_n this_o city_n challenge_v the_o title_n of_o much_o antiquity_n sienna_n be_v build_v by_o sanesius_fw-la the_o son_n of_o remus_n romulus_n his_o brother_n which_o may_v seem_v to_o carry_v some_o matter_n of_o truth_n for_o that_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o city_n be_v a_o wolf_n with_o two_o infant_n suck_v upon_o she_o which_o arm_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o town_n both_o in_o marble_n and_o mettle_n it_o be_v call_v by_o pliny_n colonia_n senensis_n and_o by_o tacitus_n in_o the_o 20._o book_n of_o his_o history_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v build_v by_o sanesius_fw-la or_o the_o galli_n senones_n that_o go_v with_o brennus_n into_o italy_n i_o leave_v indifferent_a to_o the_o reader_n this_o last_o be_v allege_v out_o of_o ptolemy_n fable_n though_o i_o rather_o subscribe_v to_o the_o former_a it_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o diverse_a small_a hill_n very_o near_o meet_v together_o which_o with_o their_o declining_n make_v the_o situation_n very_o uneven_a and_o such_o as_o i_o have_v not_o elsewhere_o see_v by_o reason_n whereof_o it_o be_v judge_v infinite_o strong_a as_o not_o have_v any_o command_a hill_n near_o whereby_o it_o may_v be_v prejudice_v nor_o any_o way_n by_o which_o force_n may_v be_v bring_v before_o it_o save_v only_o at_o the_o two_o gate_n towards_o rome_n and_o florence_n &_o yet_o there_o so_o narrow_a as_o there_o can_v possible_o come_v above_o ten_o soldier_n alla_fw-fr filata_fw-la in_o rank_n so_o that_o as_o livorno_n be_v the_o key_n by_o which_o all_o force_n must_v pass_v that_o by_o sea_n will_v approach_v florence_n so_o be_v sienna_n the_o porte_fw-fr or_o gate_n by_o which_o they_o must_v enter_v that_o either_o from_o naples_n or_o the_o church_n state_n will_v come_v to_o annoy_v it_o for_o from_o the_o way_n of_o romagna_n or_o bologna_n there_o be_v very_o hard_a passage_n for_o a_o army_n so_o sharp_a and_o inaccessible_a be_v the_o mountain_n which_o be_v well_o consider_v by_o cosmo_n than_o duke_n of_o florence_n no_o marvel_n though_o he_o never_o rest_v till_o he_o have_v get_v the_o town_n and_o whole_a state_n of_o sienna_n into_o his_o hand_n the_o mean_n thus_o the_o city_n about_o forty_o five_o year_n since_o be_v besiege_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o pope_n charles_n the_o five_o and_o cosmo_n duke_n of_o florence_n render_v itself_o at_o length_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o receive_v a_o garrison_n of_o spaniard_n but_o keep_v still_o their_o manner_n of_o government_n which_o they_o before_o use_v the_o emperor_n by_o earnest_a solicitation_n of_o the_o d._n d'alua_fw-la in_o who_o the_o duke_n of_o florence_n his_o purse_n they_o say_v have_v get_v he_o great_a interest_n be_v content_a to_o render_v it_o into_o the_o duke_n of_o florence_n his_o possession_n for_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v beside_o a_o yearly_a rent_n with_o a_o recognition_n that_o it_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o certain_a other_o covenant_n which_o some_o say_v be_v never_o perform_v as_o also_o that_o this_o contract_n be_v make_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o philip_n king_n of_o spain_n that_o now_o be_v whereof_o be_v not_o his_o hand_n full_a of_o action_n in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v think_v some_o stir_n may_v arise_v so_o that_o cosmo_n de'_fw-it medici_n the_o second_o duke_n of_o florence_n unite_v that_o state_n with_o this_o of_o sienna_n which_o be_v by_o estimation_n big_a than_o the_o state_n of_o milan_n and_o the_o most_o fruitful_a part_n of_o all_o tuscany_n whereupon_o he_o alter_v his_o style_n which_o before_o be_v dux_n florentiae_fw-la and_o entitle_v himself_o dux_n florentiae_fw-la &_o senarum_fw-la the_o ornament_n of_o special_a note_n in_o this_o town_n be_v three_o the_o first_o be_v the_o duomo_n no_o great_a but_o a_o fair_a and_o rich_a fabric_n all_o the_o outside_n of_o marble_n so_o be_v the_o pavement_n the_o roof_n guilt_n &_o at_o the_o foot_n thereof_o be_v very_o curious_o cut_v in_o stone_n and_o guild_a also_o all_o the_o pope_n from_o the_o first_o till_o within_o these_o eighty_o year_n the_o second_o be_v the_o cittern_n a_o place_n whereout_o of_o the_o rock_n flow_v abundance_n of_o water_n and_o have_v their_o cittern_n and_o pool_n very_o well_o cut_v of_o stone_n to_o receive_v the_o same_o the_o last_o be_v the_o piazza_n one_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o pace_n in_o length_n and_o one_o hundred_o and_o ten_o in_o breadth_n vety_n steepe_o descend_v at_o the_o head_n hereof_o be_v a_o very_a fair_a fountain_n and_o at_o the_o foot_n be_v the_o palace_n of_o the_o signoria_n round_o about_o it_o be_v very_o fair_a and_o high_a house_n i_o have_v not_o see_v a_o market-steede_n except_v that_o of_o sancto_n marco_n in_o venice_n so_o beautiful_a the_o fair_a palace_n of_o this_o city_n not_o except_v the_o great_a duke_n be_v that_o of_o the_o piccol_n huomini_fw-la begin_v by_o pius_fw-la secundus_fw-la and_o end_v by_o pius_fw-la tertius_fw-la both_o of_o this_o family_n which_o need_v not_o much_o envy_n the_o most_o stately_a of_o those_o in_o florence_n the_o wall_n of_o this_o city_n as_o also_o the_o house_n and_o street_n be_v all_o of_o brick_n they_o have_v here_o they_o say_v the_o arm_n of_o s._n john_n baptist_n baptist._n which_o they_o very_o religious_o and_o with_o much_o reverence_n hold_v as_o a_o relic_n it_o be_v send_v by_o the_o turk_n to_o aeneas_n siluim_n piccol_n huomini_fw-la be_v pope_n by_o the_o name_n of_o pius_fw-la secundus_fw-la in_o lieu_n whereof_o this_o pope_n send_v he_o the_o half_a moon_n for_o a_o crest_n there_o be_v a_o fortress_n at_o the_o northwest_n of_o this_o town_n fortress_n repute_v strong_a howbeit_o the_o form_n be_v quadrangular_a and_o therefore_o the_o angle_n not_o so_o obtuse_a as_o in_o those_o of_o five_o or_o more_o it_o be_v judge_v of_o modern_a engineer_n as_o namely_o of_o maggi_n a_o late_a italian_a writer_n in_o the_o subject_n of_o fortification_n not_o to_o answer_v the_o reputation_n it_o hathâ—n_o general_a the_o artillery_n herein_o they_o say_v artillery_n for_o we_o may_v not_o enter_v it_o much_o and_o good_a the_o garrison_n but_o five_o and_o twenty_o at_o this_o present_a the_o end_n be_v to_o command_v the_o town_n upon_o any_o occasion_n this_o city_n like_o that_o of_o pisa_n decay_v be_v note_v to_o be_v much_o decay_a since_o their_o subjection_n to_o the_o family_n medici_n there_o not_o be_v now_o above_o two_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o person_n where_o in_o time_n past_a be_v always_o above_o fifty_o gentry_n the_o gentleman_n of_o this_o city_n be_v note_v to_o be_v general_o more_o civil_a affable_a &_o courteous_a to_o stranger_n than_o they_o be_v in_o other_o place_n live_v they_o live_v altogether_o upon_o their_o revenue_n without_o exercise_v any_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n or_o exchange_n upon_o the_o bank_n which_o course_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o florence_n and_o pisa_n even_o to_o the_o great_a duke_n himself_o
therefore_o subject_a to_o the_o overflow_a of_o arno_n whereof_o it_o have_v taste_v this_o present_a winter_n to_o the_o country_n great_a loss_n that_o of_o lucca_n environ_v with_o hill_n and_o the_o city_n in_o the_o midst_n like_o a_o centre_n in_o a_o circle_n that_o of_o carsigniana_n under_o the_o dukedom_n of_o ferrara_n and_o last_o the_o plain_n of_o maremma_n in_o the_o state_n of_o sienna_n the_o most_o large_a and_o whither_o for_o the_o winter_v of_o their_o cattle_n they_o be_v send_v in_o october_n from_o the_o mountain_n it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o mare_n the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o we_o â—ay_v well_o english_a it_o the_o marsh_n of_o sienna_n it_o run_v along_o the_o sea-coast_n almost_o seventy_o mile_n in_o length_n between_o the_o two_o rivers_n gornia_n and_o pesua_n not_o much_o inhabit_v with_o people_n through_o the_o badness_n of_o the_o air_n the_o port_n be_v civita_n vecchia_n in_o the_o pope_n state_n port_n for_o ottia_n be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o tiber_n orbitello_n port-ercole_a telamone_n castiglione_n in_o the_o maremma_n howbeit_o under_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n as_o be_v also_o the_o monte_fw-fr argentaro_n and_o the_o port_n of_o piombine_v the_o only_a porte_fw-fr of_o worth_a under_o the_o great_a duke_n state_n be_v that_o of_o livorne_n capable_a of_o any_o fleet_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v call_v a_o road_n then_o a_o harbour_n ligorno_n and_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o sea_n neither_o eb_v nor_o flow_v here_o his_o highness_n daily_o build_v mean_v to_o make_v it_o a_o city_n the_o wall_n and_o fortification_n be_v almost_o finish_v it_o be_v in_o form_n six_o square_a in_o circuit_n a_o mile_n three_o quarter_n the_o length_n of_o the_o curtain_n be_v two_o hundred_o and_o sixteen_o pace_n the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v one_o hundred_o thirty_o and_o eight_o from_o the_o spur_n which_o be_v fifteen_o pace_n thick_a to_o the_o flanker_n which_o be_v so_o many_o broad_a be_v eighteen_o pace_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o piazza_n be_v four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o this_o proportion_n no_o doubt_n swerve_v from_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o fortification_n neither_o can_v i_o warrant_v the_o relation_n true_a by_o the_o line_n i_o be_v force_v to_o pass_v it_o in_o haste_n and_o sanquam_fw-la aliud_fw-la agens_fw-la to_o avoid_v all_o jealousy_n whereof_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o advertise_v the_o curious_a reader_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o envious_a detractor_n here_o be_v bestow_v great_a cost_n be_v indeed_o the_o only_a key_n by_o which_o all_o commodity_n be_v transport_v and_o bring_v in_o not_o only_o for_o the_o use_n of_o tuscany_n but_o even_o for_o the_o most_o place_n of_o italy_n so_o that_o it_o bring_v in_o a_o very_a great_a enrate_n to_o the_o great_a duke_n coaffer_n as_o i_o must_v more_o particular_o and_o more_o fit_o advertise_v hereafter_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n interest_v in_o tuscany_n be_v these_o the_o pope_n tuscany_n who_o possess_v all_o from_o tiber_n to_o fiore_fw-la and_o so_o right_o up_o from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o apennine_a which_o be_v some_o four_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o spanish_a king_n have_v the_o coast_n of_o maremma_n and_o the_o port_n thereof_o as_o be_v above_o say_v wherein_o he_o keep_v garrison_n beside_o pontremoly_a and_o one_o other_o fort_n or_o two_o on_o the_o side_n of_o liguria_n the_o dukedom_n of_o ferrara_n have_v the_o valley_n of_o carsigniana_n the_o state_n of_o genoa_n serezzana_n the_o state_n of_o lucca_n have_v all_o her_o possession_n herein_o the_o duke_n of_o vâ—bâ—â—_n parma_n and_o bravianâ—_n have_v also_o each_o of_o they_o a_o piece_n howbeit_o most_o of_o this_o be_v in_o the_o church_n part_n which_o be_v call_v the_o patrimony_n of_o saint_n peter_n there_o be_v also_o the_o signior_n di_fw-mi pcombiâ—e_n the_o marquesse_n di_fw-mi massa_n and_o other_o inferior_a prince_n interest_v in_o this_o country_n of_o a_o other_o four_o part_n so_o that_o there_o remain_v a_o moiety_n under_o the_o great_a duke_n government_n whereof_o i_o have_v undertake_v to_o give_v this_o superficial_a survey_n which_o follow_v this_o state_n state_n beside_o that_o it_o be_v enclose_v with_o the_o mountain_n as_o with_o a_o wall_n on_o three-side_n and_o with_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o four_o and_o so_o consequent_o by_o situation_n pass_v strong_a it_o have_v also_o many_o castle_n and_o fortress_n as_o rodicofany_n monte-falcon_n pelegrine_n castle_n charole_fw-fr sansubastians_n lusignano_n monterisine_n empoli_n castrecaro_n saffa_n and_o diverse_a other_o to_o the_o number_n of_o thirty_o wherein_o be_v garrison_n more_o or_o less_o but_o of_o other_o which_o stand_v rather_o to_o show_v the_o manner_n of_o fortification_n in_o elder_a age_n and_o the_o force_n of_o time_n by_o which_o they_o be_v ruin_v then_o for_o any_o use_n of_o the_o time_n present_a there_o be_v above_o three_o hundred_o by_o which_o number_n may_v very_o probable_o be_v conjecture_v their_o many_o and_o diverse_a state_n in_o this_o small_a circuit_n in_o former_a time_n for_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o history_n not_o only_a florence_n sienna_n and_o pisa_n which_o of_o late_a year_n be_v reduce_v into_o one_o government_n but_o also_o pistoia_n arezzo_n volterra_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o city_n now_o under_o the_o great_a duke_n have_v every_o one_o their_o several_a and_o distinct_a state_n whereupon_o it_o be_v necessary_a each_o state_n shall_v have_v her_o castle_n and_o fort_n to_o affront_v those_o that_o confine_v upon_o they_o as_o for_o those_o former_a wherein_o be_v garrison_n the_o most_o of_o they_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o man_n experience_v have_v their_o defect_n either_o in_o their_o form_n and_o manner_n of_o fortification_n which_o be_v all'_fw-it antica_fw-la or_o in_o their_o piazza_n which_o be_v very_o little_a and_o so_o think_v uncapale_a of_o sufficient_a number_n to_o defend_v they_o but_o beside_o these_o he_o have_v in_o each_o city_n a_o citadel_n and_o therein_o a_o garrison_n which_o be_v all_o very_a modern_a and_o strong_a the_o use_n of_o which_o piece_n be_v not_o so_o much_o for_o defence_n of_o the_o town_n where_o they_o be_v as_o to_o keep_v in_o awful_a term_n the_o city_n themselves_o as_o by_o the_o citadel_n at_o florence_n and_o fortress_n of_o see_z appear_z of_o city_n there_o be_v sixteen_o city_n the_o one_o half_a in_o the_o state_n of_o florence_n the_o other_o in_o that_o of_o sienna_n of_o the_o fonner_fw-fr state_n these_o be_v the_o name_n florence_n whereof_o be_v a_o archbishopric_n his_o name_n that_o now_o be_v alexander_n medici_n pisa_n a_o archbishopric_n also_o his_o name_n carolus_n antonius_n â—uteus_fw-la pistoia_n arezzo_n volterra_n certuâ—iâ—_n burgo_n san_fw-it sepolchro_n and_o monte_fw-fr pulciano_n of_o the_o other_o state_n be_v these_o sienna_n a_o archbishopric_n his_o name_n ascanius_n piceothuomineus_fw-la motalcino_n grossetto_n chiusi_n soana_n pienza_n massa_n and_o celle_n christen_v a_o city_n five_o year_n since_o many_o of_o these_o i_o see_v not_o and_o therefore_o presume_v not_o to_o speak_v of_o at_o large_a in_o the_o four_o chief_a florence_n pisa_n sienna_n and_o pistoia_n i_o spend_v some_o time_n and_o hold_v they_o worthy_a of_o some_o little_a remembrance_n in_o this_o discourse_n before_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o general_a part_n of_o this_o state_n florence_n be_v seat_v at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o very_a fair_a valley_n florence_n and_o environ_v with_o high_a mountain_n especial_o towards_o bologna_n it_o have_v the_o street_n very_o long_o straight_o large_a and_o fair_a pave_v with_o a_o broad_a stone_n which_o they_o call_v lastra_n so_o as_o no_o weather_n make_v they_o foul_a it_o be_v beautify_v with_o many_o stately_a palace_n which_o have_v more_o del_o real_a then_o del_o cittadinesco_n as_o that_o of_o the_o signora_n that_o of_o the_o pitti_n where_o be_v always_o the_o great_a duke_n court_n that_o of_o the_o medici_n that_o of_o the_o strozzi_n and_o many_o other_o it_o be_v grace_v with_o many_o large_a piazzeâ—_n and_o in_o they_o many_o statue_n some_o of_o brass_n as_o that_o of_o cosme_n the_o first_o great_a duke_n and_o other_o very_o many_o and_o very_o curious_a some_o of_o marble_n some_o of_o alabaster_n it_o be_v divide_v with_o the_o river_n arno_n and_o upon_o this_o four_o fair_a bridge_n of_o stone_n to_o pass_v from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o other_o it_o be_v adorn_v with_o many_o fair_a monastery_n and_o church_n but_o above_o all_o with_o the_o most_o magnificent_a and_o admirable_a fabric_n of_o the_o duome_n the_o workmanship_n of_o that_o excellent_a architeck_n brunelleschi_n dedicate_v to_o santa_n maria_n del_fw-it â—iore_fw-it and_o be_v they_o say_v the_o true_a model_n of_o the_o church_n of_o santa_n sofia_n in_o constantinople_n the_o body_n of_o this_o
mastino_n della_fw-it sala_fw-mi for_o forty_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1471._o they_o win_v by_o force_n volterra_n one_o of_o the_o 12._o first_o city_n of_o tuscany_n and_o honour_v with_o the_o birth_n of_o the_o poet_n persius_n they_o get_v also_o pysa_n &_o the_o whole_a state_n thereof_o of_o who_o revolt_n and_o recovery_n what_o part_n take_v there_o be_v &_o what_o time_n be_v spend_v and_o how_o many_o million_o it_o cost_v they_o to_o be_v repossess_v thereof_o guicciardine_n very_o full_o discourse_v and_o be_v here_o too_o tedious_a to_o be_v particular_o relate_v the_o government_n of_o a_o gonfalonier_n be_v alter_v by_o gualteri_n francese_n duke_n of_o athens_n who_o at_o the_o city_n request_n require_v aid_n be_v send_v thither_o by_o robert_n king_n of_o sicily_n and_o at_o his_o first_o come_v depose_v the_o gonfalonier_n and_o priory_n &_o usurp_v himself_o but_o he_o be_v quick_o expulse_v and_o the_o former_a officer_n reinue_v till_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n alexander_n the_o six_o who_o son_n caesar_n borgia_n duke_n valentinois_n seek_v to_o bring_v in_o the_o three_o banish_a medici_n piero_n giovanni_n and_o guiliano_n whereupon_o the_o florentine_n make_v piero_n sederini_fw-la their_o gonfalonier_n perpetual_a as_o buonacorsi_n a_o approve_a italian_a writer_n &_o guicciardine_n in_o his_o fist_n book_n do_v testify_v these_o alteration_n have_v be_v since_o the_o restauration_n of_o the_o city_n by_o charles_n which_o notwithstanding_o guicciardine_n lib._n 1._o car_n 17._o say_v be_v openions_a inneterata_fw-la bench_n falsa_fw-la che_fw-it carlo_n l'hauesse_fw-it reidificatâ—_n a_o old_a but_o false_a conjecture_n that_o charles_n do_v re-edify_v it_o beside_o those_o also_o which_o it_o suffer_v afterward_o which_o shall_v more_o fit_o be_v remember_v hereafter_o from_o florence_n i_o must_v pass_v to_o the_o city_n pistoia_n seat_v at_o the_o other_o end_n of_o this_o valley_n 20._o mile_n off_o but_o the_o castle_n of_o pratu_fw-la be_v in_o the_o way_n and_o command_v the_o passage_n i_o dare_v not_o but_o salute_v it_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o i_o spend_v four_o month_n in_o that_o town_n there_o be_v in_o italy_n among_o i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o thousand_o prato_n four_o principal_a castle_n above_o the_o rest_n repute_v as_o leander_n albert_n in_o his_o view_n of_o italy_n discourse_v barletta_n in_o puglia_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n fabriana_n in_o marca_n anconitana_n under_o the_o state_n of_o the_o church_n crema_fw-la in_o lombardia_fw-la under_o the_o venetian_n and_o prato_n in_o tuscana_n under_o the_o great_a duke_n it_o be_v here_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o these_o be_v call_v castle_n not_o that_o they_o be_v only_a fortress_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n but_o that_o they_o be_v large_a town_n fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o bulwark_n and_o have_v their_o territory_n they_o only_o want_v bishop_n sea_n wherein_o they_o differ_v from_o city_n it_o stand_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o valley_n upon_o the_o river_n bisentio_fw-la it_o be_v in_o form_n sex-angular_a at_o each_o corner_n a_o bulwark_n alla_fw-fr moderna_fw-la very_o defensible_a the_o wall_n in_o circuit_n two_o mile_n with_o a_o old_a piece_n at_o the_o east_n build_v they_o say_v by_o frederico_n barbarossa_n the_o contado_n the_o territory_n of_o this_o town_n be_v in_o length_n eight_o mile_n in_o breadth_n four_o in_o circuit_n four_o and_o twenty_o within_o which_o compass_n with_o those_o within_o the_o town_n be_v fifty_o nine_o church_n eight_o and_o thirty_o monastery_n and_o other_o religious_a house_n and_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n sixteen_o thousand_o whereof_o two_o thousand_o be_v religious_a here_o be_v they_o say_v the_o girdle_n of_o our_o lady_n bring_v thither_o by_o a_o merchant_n from_o the_o indies_n whether_o it_o be_v first_o carry_v by_o s._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n a_o relic_n which_o they_o hold_v in_o high_a esteem_n keep_v with_o very_o great_a care_n come_v to_o see_v with_o great_a devotion_n and_o be_v show_v to_o the_o people_n with_o great_a reverence_n once_o in_o a_o year_n that_o be_v on_o our_o lady_n day_n in_o september_n in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o fair_a and_o when_o be_v most_o concourse_n of_o stranger_n there_o come_v that_o day_n in_o devotion_n to_o see_v i_o not_o the_o girdle_n two_o english_a gentleman_n my_o friend_n we_o observe_v if_o it_o be_v not_o impertinent_a here_o to_o remember_v that_o there_o be_v in_o view_n upon_o the_o market_n place_n of_o people_n at_o the_o show_v of_o this_o relic_n about_o eighteen_o or_o twenty_o thousand_o whereof_o we_o judge_v one_o half_a to_o have_v hat_n of_o straw_n and_o one_o four_o part_n to_o be_v bare_a legged_a that_o we_o know_v all_o be_v not_o gold_n in_o italy_n though_o many_o traveller_n gaze_v only_o on_o the_o beauty_n of_o their_o city_n and_o the_o paint_a surface_n of_o their_o house_n think_v it_o the_o only_a paradise_n of_o europe_n but_o if_o they_o will_v with_o i_o fordida_fw-la rura_fw-la atque_fw-la humiles_fw-la intrare_fw-la casas_fw-la &_o visere_fw-la gentem_fw-la they_o will_v sure_o grant_v that_o poverty_n and_o famine_n have_v not_o a_o great_a kingdom_n in_o those_o country_n where_o crassus_n starve_a his_o army_n than_o they_o have_v here_o but_o no_o marvel_n though_o prato_n be_v poor_a be_v so_o unlust_o and_o cruel_o sack_v in_o the_o year_n 1512._o â—468_n by_o the_o spaniard_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o raymondo_n cardona_n for_o want_v of_o pay_v which_o the_o florentine_n ought_v he_o and_o his_o soldier_n who_o most_o vile_o give_v the_o sack_n of_o this_o pretty_a and_o then_o rich_a town_n to_o the_o barbarous_a insolency_n of_o the_o proud_a spaniard_n and_o come_v themselves_o with_o bag_n of_o crown_n to_o purchase_v the_o land_n of_o the_o poor_a harmless_a pratesi_n wherewith_o they_o be_v force_v to_o redeem_v their_o liberty_n after_o the_o ravish_v of_o their_o wife_n kill_v of_o their_o child_n rob_v their_o shop_n and_o house_n and_o other_o such_o insolent_a outrage_n whereof_o guicciardine_n lib._n 11._o complain_v that_o from_o their_o avarice_n lust_n and_o cruelty_n nothing_o be_v safe_a and_o buonacorsi_n say_v that_o they_o spare_v neither_o virgin_n infant_n nor_o church_n &_o paulus_n jonius_n affirm_v that_o the_o spanish_a cruelty_n in_o this_o sack_n of_o prato_n do_v far_o exceed_v that_o of_o the_o dutch_a and_o french_a at_o the_o sack_n of_o brescia_n so_o much_o detest_v hence_o be_v it_o that_o at_o this_o day_n the_o name_n of_o spaniard_n be_v there_o most_o odious_a for_o among_o all_o other_o name_n of_o infamy_n and_o reproach_n when_o they_o have_v call_v one_o poltrone_n furfante_n manigoldo_fw-it traditore_fw-la and_o all_o that_o naught_o be_v they_o end_v always_o in_o this_o spagnaolo_fw-la intend_v it_o shall_v seem_v that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o worse_a name_n under_o the_o sun_n but_o leave_v they_o expostulate_v this_o injury_n of_o the_o florentine_n and_o bewail_v their_o own_o misery_n i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o city_n of_o pistoia_n it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o valley_n pistoia_n in_o circuit_n two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o wall_n old_a and_o weak_a build_v by_o desiderius_n king_n of_o the_o lombard_n howbeit_o the_o bulwarkos_n be_v very_o modern_a and_o strong_a with_o a_o citadel_n build_v by_o duke_n francisco_n and_o man_v with_o a_o sufficient_a garrison_n to_o keep_v the_o town_n in_o awe_n this_o town_n be_v call_v of_o cato_n and_o pliny_n pistorium_n and_o of_o ptolomey_n pistoria_n quasi_fw-la pestoria_fw-la say_v one_o of_o the_o pestilence_n that_o there_o reign_v among_o the_o soldier_n which_o remain_v of_o catelines_n camp_n after_o he_o be_v overthrow_v who_o they_o say_v be_v the_o first_o builder_n thereof_o other_o will_v have_v it_o call_v of_o â—isis_n and_o ópos_fw-la that_o be_v the_o faithful_a territory_n other_o because_o it_o be_v the_o door_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o the_o word_n also_o signifietlâ—_n for_o from_o hence_o be_v away_o to_o pass_v through_o the_o apennine_n into_o frameâ—_n â—_z by_o which_o the_o french_a force_n pass_v into_o tuscany_n and_o so_o to_o naples_n in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o eight_o as_o by_o the_o history_n appear_v all_o which_o be_v either_o false_a conjecture_n and_o carry_v no_o correspondency_n of_o truth_n with_o history_n or_o at_o least_o be_v idle_a supposition_n and_o carry_v with_o they_o no_o matter_n of_o import_n for_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o that_o the_o grecian_n shall_v give_v name_n to_o town_n in_o tuscany_n who_o never_o come_v over_o the_o river_n tener_n or_o that_o they_o shall_v christen_v this_o and_o no_o other_o or_o that_o a_o roman_a shall_v be_v the_o father_n and_o a_o greek_n the_o godfather_n but_o be_v it_o so_o it_o little_a import_v and_o therefore_o i_o have_v purposely_o
avoid_v these_o fruitless_a etimology_n else_o can_v i_o have_v say_v before_o that_o florence_n be_v call_v either_o fluentia_fw-la because_o it_o stand_v between_o the_o two_o water_n mognone_n and_o arno_n or_o fiorentia_n of_o fiore_fw-it a_o flower_n because_o it_o be_v the_o flower_n and_o beauty_n of_o italy_n or_o firenze_n which_o giambolare_fw-la one_o of_o their_o writer_n derive_v from_o a_o caldey_n word_n and_o signify_v he_o say_v a_o valiant_a soldier_n as_o who_o will_v say_v the_o florentine_n be_v such_o which_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o read_v and_o i_o be_o sure_a they_o of_o sienna_n will_v not_o confess_v who_o will_v not_o let_v to_o brag_v how_o often_o they_o have_v beat_v they_o in_o the_o field_n indeed_o i_o well_o remember_v that_o writer_n give_v they_o the_o attribute_n of_o ingenious_a and_o wise_a as_o nam_o macciavel_o in_o his_o florentine_a history_n and_o guicciardine_n in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o his_o book_n cart._n 2._o howbeit_o i_o can_v easy_o condescend_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o imbalt_n a_o french_a commander_n who_o upon_o good_a experience_n guicciardine_n lib._n 5._o cart_n 144._o non_fw-fr saptua_fw-mi dove_n consistesse_n lingegne_n tantu_fw-la celebratu_fw-la de_fw-fr fiorentini_n can_v not_o find_v where_o that_o great_a wit_n of_o they_o lie_v so_o likewise_o these_o word-founder_n will_v have_v their_o city_n arezzo_n to_o be_v so_o old_a as_o that_o it_o be_v build_v when_o for_o want_v of_o a_o fit_a name_n they_o be_v fain_o to_o call_v it_o earth_n for_o so_o in_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n it_o signify_v but_o see_v that_o tully_n and_o varro_n call_v it_o aretium_n and_o not_o arezium_fw-la i_o think_v they_o may_v better_v derine_n it_o from_o mars_n which_o the_o word_n well_o bear_v for_o i_o be_o well_o assure_v that_o history_n make_v the_o arrettines_n and_o their_o neighbour_n the_o perugian_o far_o better_a soldier_n than_o the_o florentine_n but_o i_o will_v not_o over-charge_v this_o short_a discourse_n with_o derivation_n i_o have_v rather_o leave_v they_o with_o the_o capricious_a antiquary_n of_o tuscany_n and_o return_v to_o pistoia_n say_v that_o though_o it_o be_v very_o little_a it_o be_v very_o rich_a as_o have_v a_o contado_n full_a of_o oil_n and_o wine_n insomuch_o as_o it_o be_v say_v they_o press_v yearly_a one_o hundred_o thousand_o barrel_n of_o wine_n whereof_o they_o send_v the_o one_o half_a to_o florence_n of_o which_o the_o great_a duke_n have_v gabell_n a_o custom_n one_o guilio_n sixpence_n sterling_a for_o every_o barrel_n at_o the_o entery_n into_o every_o city_n gate_n beside_o the_o ten_o levy_v upon_o it_o before_o and_o a_o imposition_n after_o upon_o every_o tavern_n as_o shall_v more_o fit_o in_o the_o discourse_n of_o his_o entrate_n be_v advertise_v this_o town_n be_v famous_a or_o rather_o in_o famous_a for_o the_o two_o faction_n of_o the_o bianchi_n and_o nery_n which_o ruin_v themselves_o and_o trouble_v the_o peace_n of_o florence_n also_o it_o begin_v thus_o two_o young_a gentleman_n of_o the_o town_n fall_v out_o and_o so_o proceed_v from_o word_n to_o blow_n it_o chance_v one_o of_o they_o receive_v a_o light_a hurt_n the_o father_n of_o the_o other_o because_o he_o will_v kill_v all_o motion_n to_o a_o far_a quarrel_n send_v his_o son_n to_o ask_v pardon_n of_o the_o father_n and_o parentage_n of_o the_o other_o who_o he_o have_v hurt_v but_o he_o cause_v his_o servant_n to_o lay_v hold_n on_o he_o command_v his_o right_a hand_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o and_o send_v he_o away_o with_o this_o answer_n va_o dal_a tuo_fw-la padre_n &_o digli_fw-la che_fw-it le_fw-fr ferite_fw-la non_fw-la si_fw-la curano_fw-it con_fw-mi parole_fw-fr ma_fw-fr colferro_fw-la go_v to_o thy_o father_n and_o tell_v he_o hurt_n be_v not_o cure_v with_o word_n but_o with_o the_o sword_n hereupon_o grow_v that_o great_a and_o bloody_a enmity_n between_o those_o two_o house_n which_o draw_v into_o it_o all_o the_o great_a family_n of_o pistoia_n as_o also_o they_o of_o florence_n where_o the_o donati_n band_v with_o the_o neri_n and_o the_o circhi_n with_o the_o bianchi_n since_o which_o faction_n there_o have_v also_o another_o rise_v no_o less_o dangerous_a than_o the_o former_a between_o the_o cancellieri_n and_o the_o panzadici_fw-la scarce_o yet_o so_o compose_v but_o that_o upon_o every_o small_a occasion_n it_o be_v ready_a to_o break_v out_o this_o town_n pretend_v to_o be_v much_o privilege_v above_o all_o other_o city_n under_o the_o great_a duke_n for_o at_o the_o time_n when_o they_o yield_v to_o the_o state_n of_o florence_n it_o be_v among_o other_o capitulacon_n conclude_v that_o in_o any_o bando_n proclamation_n whatsoever_o except_o the_o city_n and_o contado_n of_o pistoia_n be_v express_o name_v it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v exempt_a &_o free_v from_o the_o same_o which_o indeed_o be_v still_o observe_v howbeit_o a_o course_n be_v take_v never_o to_o leave_v that_o clause_n out_o so_o that_o i_o see_v small_a reason_n they_o have_v to_o brag_v so_o much_o thereof_o the_o people_n in_o and_o without_o the_o city_n be_v suppose_v sixty_o four_o thousand_o the_o religious_a be_v much_o about_o the_o the_o rate_n of_o they_o in_o prato_n a_o eight_o part_n i_o can_v pass_v the_o direct_a way_n from_o hence_o to_o pisa_n whether_o the_o course_n of_o this_o discourse_n direct_v i_o unless_o i_o pass_v under_o the_o wall_n of_o lucca_n which_o be_v no_o part_n of_o this_o state_n i_o know_v not_o how_o i_o may_v speak_v of_o that_o have_v undertake_v to_o write_v of_o nothing_o else_o and_o yet_o pass_v so_o near_o i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o avoid_v some_o mention_n thereof_o that_o be_o likewise_o to_o advertise_v of_o what_o i_o have_v see_v wherefore_o between_o a_o doubt_n which_o be_v less_o fault_n to_o digress_v in_o my_o narration_n or_o be_v divert_v out_o of_o my_o way_n i_o will_v speak_v so_o little_a as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o fault_n to_o digress_v it_o may_v be_v excuse_v because_o this_o little_a be_v nothing_o &_o if_o it_o be_v a_o fault_n to_o write_v so_o little_a it_o may_v be_v answer_v i_o dare_v not_o digress_v lucca_n the_o city_n of_o lucca_n be_v ancient_o call_v fredia_n and_o afterward_o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o twelve_o old_a city_n of_o tuscany_n that_o receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n &_o light_n of_o the_o gospel_n it_o change_v the_o name_n of_o lucca_n a_o luce_n herewith_o accord_v fuccio_n uberti_n ma_fw-fr perch_n alluminata_fw-la della_fw-it fede_fw-it furio_n pria_fw-la ch_n altra_fw-la cittade_fw-la di_fw-it tuscany_fw-it cangio_n il_fw-fr svo_fw-la nome_fw-mi e_o lucca_n le_fw-fr si_fw-fr diede_n it_o be_v seat_v as_o be_v before_o say_v like_o a_o centre_n in_o a_o circumference_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o fair_a and_o pleasant_a valley_n environ_v with_o waist_n and_o huge_a mountain_n the_o wall_n in_o circuit_n two_o mile_n be_v of_o brick_n very_o new_a strengthen_v with_o a_o very_a thick_a rampart_n 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industrious_a very_o apt_a to_o learn_v they_o proceed_v for_o a_o inch_n they_o stand_v upon_o the_o advantage_n they_o will_v not_o loose_v the_o dropping_n of_o their_o nose_n this_o writer_n have_v get_v and_o worthy_o for_o many_o his_o oversight_n in_o that_o book_n the_o imputation_n of_o a_o notable_a liar_n and_o for_o his_o egregious_a partiallity_n on_o the_o spanish_a side_n the_o note_n of_o a_o notorious_a flatterer_n but_o sure_o have_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o book_n be_v able_a in_o the_o balance_n of_o truth_n to_o have_v hold_v counterpeasable_a to_o this_o judicial_a report_n of_o the_o florentine_n he_o have_v well_o deserve_v the_o passport_n of_o see_v and_o allow_v cum_fw-la privilegio_fw-la and_o yet_o by_o his_o leave_n i_o can_v believe_v without_o some_o good_a reason_n wit_n that_o the_o florentine_a general_o have_v such_o a_o perilous_a wit_n &_o such_o a_o subtle_a conceit_n i_o will_v soon_o subscribe_v he_o have_v a_o subtle_a diet_n for_o as_o have_v 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that_o be_v leave_v rich_a and_o have_v foolish_o spend_v or_o lose_v it_o they_o be_v well_o if_o they_o have_v have_v wit_n to_o keep_v it_o i_o dare_v say_v that_o if_o maccianell_n be_v again_o live_v and_o shall_v see_v they_o that_o be_v wont_a to_o rule_v a_o state_n now_o not_o to_o bring_v a_o few_o lettuce_n from_o their_o villa_n but_o at_o the_o gate_n to_o toll_v for_o they_o he_o will_v unsay_v that_o which_o he_o have_v former_o say_v and_o swear_v they_o have_v no_o wit_n i_o will_v not_o have_v say_v thus_o much_o but_o that_o their_o writer_n will_v needs_o all_o of_o they_o put_v the_o wit_n upon_o they_o and_o they_o for_o sooth_n will_v needs_o take_v it_o as_o though_o wit_n be_v confine_v to_o florence_n and_o bandâ—ted_v from_o all_o other_o city_n let_v it_o be_v conclude_v of_o florence_n as_o of_o all_o other_o place_n without_o this_o singularity_n that_o there_o be_v some_o wise_a man_n but_o more_o fool_n and_o so_o i_o will_v leave_v they_o as_o for_o 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courtesy_n but_o sure_o it_o be_v that_o after_o some_o small_a acquaintance_n especial_o if_o he_o hope_v to_o gain_v any_o thing_n by_o you_o his_o manner_n be_v to_o offer_v you_o all_o possible_a courtesy_n his_o house_n his_o servant_n himself_o and_o what_o not_o he_o will_v proffer_v you_o his_o jewel_n or_o any_o thing_n whâ—ch_n like_v you_o and_o ever_o importune_v you_o to_o dine_v wâ—th_v he_o with_o all_o ceremony_n and_o complement_n for_o here_o they_o grow_v mâ—rry_v he_o hold_v it_o for_o the_o great_a discourtesy_n in_o the_o world_n and_o a_o mala_fw-la creanzaille_fw-fr manner_n to_o accept_v any_o his_o offer_n it_o be_v not_o the_o fashion_n of_o tuscany_n for_o be_v this_o custom_n of_o take_v once_o up_o the_o complement_n of_o offering_n will_v soon_o down_o what_o else_o roterus_fw-la say_v i_o hold_v most_o true_a industry_n either_o of_o the_o florentine_n industry_n &_o greedy_a gain_n or_o of_o his_o parsimony_n &_o thin_a feed_n especial_o at_o his_o 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becoo_o brano_fw-mi brindisi_fw-la elmo_fw-la fiasce_fw-la fresce_fw-it giallo_o and_o many_o more_o from_o the_o dutche_n they_o have_v also_o from_o the_o greek_n as_o battezzo_n catedra_fw-mi catarro_fw-la golfo_fw-la gamba_n mottegio_fw-la rimbombo_n rio_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o if_o the_o gothe_n and_o vandal_n have_v also_o they_o i_o think_v this_o tuscan_a tongue_n will_v be_v leave_v nothing_o but_o her_o quaint_a diminitiâ—es_n wherein_o consist_v hâ—r_o only_a grace_n as_o of_o povero_n the_o plain_a song_n she_o run_v a_o descant_n of_o poverone_n poverino_fw-it poveretto_fw-it and_o poveraccio_n and_o so_o almost_o of_o any_o word_n whatsoever_o this_o language_n also_o challenge_v to_o have_v a_o singular_a grace_n in_o her_o vocal_a termination_n as_o in_o such_o word_n as_o these_o rinfrescatoio_n temperatoio_n cuoio_n asciugatoio_n and_o such_o like_a which_o they_o of_o tuscany_n say_v be_v of_o a_o more_o sweet_a desinence_n
and_o king_n of_o arragon_n to_o enter_v into_o a_o confederation_n with_o the_o florentine_n and_o to_o re-inu_a they_o of_o pisa_n infer_v that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o french_a force_n may_v be_v divert_v which_o otherwise_o with_o the_o help_n of_o this_o state_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o italy_n might_n effect_n matter_n of_o prejudicial_a consequent_a to_o all_o three_o so_o fit_o stand_v it_o either_o to_o dispeople_v the_o enemy_n force_n or_o to_o reinforce_v their_o own_o and_o therefore_o guiccardine_n very_o judicial_o determine_v that_o it_o be_v a_o powerful_a estate_n rather_o per_fw-la l'opportunità _fw-la del_fw-it cito_fw-la che_fw-it per_fw-la la_fw-it grandezza_fw-it del_fw-it dominio_fw-la by_o the_o fitness_n of_o the_o situation_n then_o by_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o dominion_n but_o if_o we_o define_v the_o midst_n of_o italy_n in_o a_o arithmetical_a proportion_n that_o be_v the_o centre_n equal_o distant_a from_o both_o extreme_n it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v true_a which_o pliny_n and_o varro_n report_n confirm_v also_o by_o leander_n albertâ—_n concern_v lago_n di_fw-fr pâ—e_fw-fr del_fw-it luco_fw-la which_o taciâ—us_o in_o his_o first_o book_n call_v lacus_n velnius_fw-la in_o sabina_n which_o they_o hold_v to_o be_v the_o midst_n of_o italy_n concern_v the_o river_n of_o worth_n there_o be_v few_o river_n of_o name_n many_o for_o the_o italian_a have_v a_o name_n for_o every_o ditch_n whereof_o if_o we_o allow_v they_o not_o tiber_n arno_n be_v their_o chief_n this_o river_n be_v so_o name_v by_o hercule_n lybicus_n who_o surname_n be_v libarno_n that_o be_v the_o lion_n of_o lybia_n and_o musarno_n that_o be_v the_o learned_a and_o valiant_a for_o be_v in_o the_o arabian_a tongue_n signify_v a_o lyon_n he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o osiris_n and_o isis_n call_v jupiter_n and_o juno_n by_o the_o greek_n and_o grandchild_n of_o janus_n call_v by_o the_o greek_n ogyger_n and_o by_o the_o chaldean_n and_o hebrew_n noah_n whereupon_o stand_v the_o city_n of_o florence_n and_o pisa_n serchio_n which_o run_v by_o lucca_n ombrone_n by_o pistoia_n bisentio_fw-la by_o prato_n chiana_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o vale_n of_o arezzo_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o arno_n mognâ—ne_n which_o run_v near_o civita_fw-la vecchia_fw-mi into_o the_o sea_n fiero_n which_o devide_v the_o great_a duke_n state_n and_o the_o pope_n towards_o the_o tuscan_a sea_n &_o paglia_n which_o divide_v those_o two_o state_n towards_o the_o apennine_n over_o which_o we_o pass_v by_o a_o bridge_n build_v by_o gregory_n the_o 13._o in_o our_o journey_n from_o florence_n to_o rome_n between_o rodicofany_n and_o aquapendente_fw-la that_o belong_v to_o the_o great_a duke_n this_o to_o the_o pope_n true_a it_o be_v that_o guicciardini_n in_o the_o 4._o book_n of_o his_o history_n and_o namely_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o book_n which_o by_o order_n of_o th'inquisition_n be_v leave_v out_o of_o all_o allow_v copy_n because_o in_o this_o place_n though_o himself_o be_v the_o pope_n creature_n and_o have_v great_a charge_n under_o he_o yet_o he_o full_o learned_o and_o true_o show_v how_o by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o by_o bad_a mean_n the_o church_n grow_v to_o her_o greatness_n how_o she_o come_v not_o only_o to_o quit_v her_o obedience_n to_o the_o empire_n but_o to_o have_v also_o a_o power_n and_o stroke_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o emperor_n himself_o not_o only_o to_o make_v the_o pope_n governor_n of_o rome_n but_o to_o encroach_v also_o upon_o the_o territory_n and_o city_n of_o romagna_n the_o marquisate_n of_o ancina_fw-la the_o duchy_n of_o spoletum_n and_o beneventum_n the_o superiority_n over_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o the_o possession_n of_o that_o part_n of_o tuscany_n now_o call_v the_o patrimony_n of_o s._n peter_n he_o i_o say_v divide_v the_o pope_n state_n in_o this_o country_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o tuscany_n thus_o eterminata_n dal_a torrente_n di_fw-mi pescia_n &_o dal_n castello_n di_fw-it san_n luirico_fw-la nel_fw-it conâ—ado_fw-it di_fw-it sienna_n da_fw-mi una_fw-la banda_fw-la &_o dall_n altra_fw-la dal_n mare_fw-la di_fw-it sotto_fw-it &_o dal_a fuime_n di_fw-mi tevere_a that_o be_v it_o be_v limit_v on_o the_o one_o side_n with_o the_o river_n pescia_n and_o the_o castle_n saint_n luirick_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o sienna_n and_o on_o the_o other_o with_o the_o river_n tiber_n and_o the_o tyrrhene_a sea_n but_o i_o rather_o tie_v myself_o to_o the_o former_a limit_n for_o that_o the_o paglia_n be_v far_o beyond_o saint_n luirick_n whether_o the_o great_a duke_n state_n now_o reach_v there_o be_v also_o câ—cina_n which_o rise_v a_o little_a above_o the_o city_n of_o massa_n and_o so_o pass_v along_o the_o country_n of_o volterra_n full_v into_o the_o sea_n with_o many_o such_o other_o which_o in_o england_n we_o rather_o call_v brook_n or_o riveret_n for_o of_o all_o these_o there_o be_v few_o sit_v either_o for_o burden_n or_o boat_n in_o summer_n except_o the_o arno_n yet_o here_o often_o time_n scarce_o water_n for_o a_o mill_n as_o by_o their_o device_n at_o florence_n to_o pen_n it_o up_o appear_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o water_n of_o this_o state_n be_v so_o small_a be_v two_o the_o former_a be_v the_o violence_n of_o their_o downfall_n from_o the_o hill_n the_o better_a be_v because_o their_o head_n be_v so_o near_o to_o the_o sea_n as_o they_o can_v have_v space_n to_o be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o receipt_n of_o other_o lesser_a brook_n by_o which_o mean_v only_o all_o river_n grow_v great_a as_o namely_o the_o rhine_n and_o danowe_v whereof_o this_o last_o have_v from_o his_o head_n which_o be_v in_o the_o forest_n nera_fw-mi to_o the_o mare_n maggiore_n where_o he_o pay_v his_o tribute_n above_o two_o thousand_o mile_n and_o receive_v into_o his_o bed_n by_o the_o way_n three_o score_n navigable_a river_n the_o lake_n in_o this_o state_n be_v neither_o many_o nor_o great_a nothing_o so_o fair_a or_o fruitful_a as_o those_o of_o lombardy_n namely_o lago_n di_fw-fr garda_n lake_n lago_n d_o iseâ—_n lago_n d_o como_n and_o lago_n maggiore_n the_o chief_a in_o tuscany_n be_v these_o lago_n di_fw-fr trasimenâ—_n under_o the_o pope_n who_o let_v it_o out_o to_o diverse_a farmer_n for_o ten_o thousand_o ducat_n the_o year_n which_o have_v the_o fish_n whereof_o it_o be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o yield_v they_o also_o no_o little_a gain_n the_o profit_n which_o the_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n raise_v by_o the_o lake_n of_o comacchiâ—_n who_o they_o say_v in_o venice_n make_v thereof_o yearly_a fourscore_o thousand_o ducat_n make_v this_o more_o probable_a but_o this_o lake_n of_o trasimene_n now_o call_v lago_n di_fw-it perugia_n be_v much_o more_o renown_a for_o the_o notable_a overthrow_n give_v there_o by_o hannibal_n to_o the_o roman_n near_o whereunto_o be_v that_o fair_a plain_a call_v ossaia_n of_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o dead_a there_o slay_v by_o the_o rashness_n of_o c._n flaminius_n the_o consul_n as_o polybius_n in_o his_o three_o book_n liny_n in_o his_o two_o and_o twenty_o and_o plutarcke_o in_o the_o life_n of_o hannibal_n avow_v the_o other_o memorable_a blow_n give_v they_o if_o it_o be_v not_o here_o impertinent_a to_o remember_v be_v that_o at_o can_n in_o puglia_n call_v by_o liuâ—e_fw-fr in_o his_o twenty_o and_o one_o book_n caâ—nusium_n where_o be_v slay_v p._n emilius_n the_o consul_n l_o acilius_n and_o l_o furuis_fw-la bibaâ—ulus_n the_o quaestor_n one_o and_o twenty_o tribune_n of_o soldier_n fourscore_o senator_n forty_o thousand_o foot_n two_o thousand_o and_o seven_o hundred_o horse_n all_o roman_n and_o as_o many_o anuiliaries_n as_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o hannibal_n and_o scipio_n and_o solinus_n italicus_n in_o his_o nine_o book_n confess_v there_o be_v diverse_a lake_n between_o pisa_n and_o livorne_n but_o small_a and_o of_o no_o name_n there_o be_v more_o not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n colle_n laego_fw-it di_fw-it bolsena_n call_v by_o ancient_a writer_n lacus_n vulsiniensium_fw-la lâ—go_fw-la di_fw-it bassanello_n ancient_o call_v lacus_n vadeâ—onius_n where_o the_o roman_n utter_o subdue_v the_o tuscan_n lago_n di_fw-fr bracciane_n call_v former_o lacus_n sabbatinus_fw-la lago_n di_fw-it vicco_fw-it call_v by_o virgil_n in_o his_o seven_o aenead_n and_o siluius_n italicus_n in_o his_o eight_o book_n lâ—cus_n cimini_n of_o the_o mountain_n so_o call_v stand_v between_o this_o lake_n and_o the_o city_n of_o viterbo_n lago_n di_fw-fr montâ—_n rosa_n not_o large_a but_o deep_a near_o rome_n with_o few_o other_o the_o plain_n be_v also_o few_o for_o they_o before_o be_v allow_v but_o one_o four_o part_n the_o chief_a be_v these_o plain_n that_o of_o florence_n wherein_o live_v above_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o person_n that_o near_o arezzo_n call_v vald_z '_o arno_n because_o the_o river_n pass_v by_o it_o the_o most_o fruitful_a that_o of_o pisa_n the_o most_o low_a and_o
church_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o cupula_fw-la be_v one_o hundred_o pace_n the_o breadth_n forty_o six_o the_o cupula_fw-la be_v in_o circute_v three_o hundred_o pace_n with_o a_o guilt_n ball_n of_o brass_n on_o the_o top_n wherein_o twenty_o man_n may_v stand_v upright_o of_o the_o church_n of_o san_n lorenzo_n be_v a_o very_a fair_a and_o beautiful_a library_n build_v and_o furnish_v with_o book_n by_o the_o family_n of_o medici_n the_o roof_n be_v of_o cedar_n very_o curious_o wrought_v with_o knot_n and_o flower_n and_o right_a under_o each_o knot_n be_v the_o same_o wrought_v with_o no_o less_o art_n in_o the_o pavement_n in_o this_o library_n i_o tell_v three_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o book_n very_o fair_o bind_v in_o leather_n after_o one_o sort_n all_o bind_v to_o their_o seat_n which_o be_v in_o number_n sixty_o eight_o and_o which_o be_v the_o great_a grace_n and_o cost_v also_o very_o many_o of_o the_o book_n be_v write_v with_o the_o author_n own_o hand_n there_o be_v also_o â—t_z the_o far_a end_n of_o this_o library_n one_o other_o of_o prohibit_v book_n which_o i_o can_v not_o see_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o florence_n be_v the_o lion_n and_o hercules_n their_o arm_n be_v in_o former_a time_n a_o flower_n de_fw-fr lise_n argent_a in_o a_o field_n gules_a but_o upon_o the_o banishment_n of_o the_o ghibelline_a faction_n they_o be_v alter_v to_o the_o contrary_a the_o field_n to_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o flower_n and_o the_o flower_n to_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o field_n within_o these_o hundred_o year_n have_v be_v of_o this_o city_n three_o pope_n john_n and_o â—â—lius_fw-la medici_n lâ—â—_n the_o ten_o and_o clement_n the_o seven_o and_o hippolisus_fw-la aldebrandivi_fw-la call_v clement_n the_o eight_o that_o yet_o live_v here_o have_v also_o flourish_v many_o famous_a man_n in_o matter_n of_o learning_n as_o francisco_n guicciardini_n for_o a_o judicial_a historiographer_n nicolas_n machianelli_n for_o a_o worldly_a politician_n michael_n angelo_n for_o a_o excellent_a painter_n petrache_n and_o dante_n for_o singular_a poet_n and_o boccace_n for_o his_o pleasant_a garb_n and_o refine_n their_o language_n and_o many_o other_o have_v gaze_v your_o fill_n upon_o the_o beauty_n of_o this_o town_n if_o for_o variety_n sake_n and_o your_o better_a recreation_n you_o will_v walk_v abroad_o into_o the_o villa_n per_fw-la spasso_fw-la as_o the_o italian_a say_v you_o shall_v have_v there_o in_o view_n so_o many_o and_o such_o goodly_a palace_n for_o the_o space_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o mile_n compass_n as_o they_o say_v will_v make_v one_o other_o florence_n but_o above_o all_o the_o great_a duke_n palace_n of_o pratolino_n build_v by_o his_o brother_n francisco_n be_v the_o most_o admirable_a not_o for_o the_o palace_n itself_o or_o manner_n of_o the_o build_n for_o there_o be_v many_o can_v match_v it_o if_o not_o excel_v it_o but_o for_o the_o exquisite_a and_o rare_a invention_n of_o water-work_n wherein_o it_o be_v excellent_a and_o think_v to_o exceed_v tivoli_n by_o rome_n so_o much_o in_o this_o kind_n commend_v the_o house_n itself_o be_v build_v in_o form_n of_o a_o roman_a t_n the_o head_n of_o the_o letter_n which_o be_v the_o front_n of_o the_o house_n be_v in_o length_n seventy_o pace_n &_o the_o other_o part_n fifty_o four_o the_o room_n for_o office_n of_o court_n and_o lodging_n be_v seventy_o whereof_o these_o be_v all_o of_o one_o bigness_n form_n and_o furniture_n with_o three_o goodly_a halles_n rich_o furnish_v run_v along_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o palace_n from_o the_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o and_o the_o one_o open_v into_o the_o other_o so_o as_o according_a to_o the_o wind_n or_o sun_n he_o may_v give_v his_o entertainment_n for_o the_o best_a ease_n of_o they_o he_o feast_v it_o be_v seat_v between_o two_o high_a hill_n upon_o a_o three_o low_o than_o they_o from_o which_o hill_n you_o descend_v some_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n by_o a_o way_n set_v with_o quickset_n &_o keep_v after_o our_o english_a fashion_n you_o mount_v up_o to_o the_o terreno_n of_o the_o front_n by_o twelve_o stair_n very_o fair_a of_o stone_n direct_o whereupon_o at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o garden_n set_v round_o with_o statue_n of_o the_o muse_n in_o a_o ground_n sensible_o ascend_v be_v see_v a_o huge_a giant_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o main_a rock_n with_o all_o his_o part_n as_o arm_n hand_n leg_n and_o foot_n symmetricall_a to_o his_o head_n wherein_o may_v stand_v a_o dozen_o man_n in_o it_o be_v keep_v pigeon_n the_o loover_n whereat_o they_o come_v in_o and_o out_o be_v his_o ear_n the_o window_n which_o give_v light_a to_o the_o room_n be_v his_o eye_n out_o of_o his_o mouth_n fall_v into_o a_o very_a fine_a pool_n all_o the_o water_n that_o serve_v the_o work_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o palace_n among_o which_o be_v many_o sight_n yield_v very_o great_a content_n as_o noes_n ark_n with_o all_o kind_n of_o beast_n hercules_n fight_v with_o a_o dragon_n bird_n artificial_o sing_v organ_n musical_o play_v shower_n of_o rain_n plentiful_o down_o pour_v and_o infinite_a sort_n of_o such_o devise_n more_o delightsome_a to_o be_v see_v then_o pleasant_a to_o be_v discourse_v of_o to_o conclude_v the_o devise_n so_o good_a the_o workmanship_n so_o rare_a and_o the_o charge_n so_o great_a as_o it_o be_v say_v constant_o that_o it_o cost_v duke_n francisco_n three_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v another_o palace_n two_o mile_n from_o florence_n call_v castello_n only_o for_o pleasure_n but_o not_o so_o beautify_v nor_o full_a of_o water-work_n as_o this_o of_o pratolino_n a_o other_o distant_a 10._o mile_n off_o called_z il_fw-fr poggio_n imperiale_n more_o profitable_a than_o they_o both_o in_o form_n quadrangular_a fifty_o six_o pace_n square_a where_o beside_o the_o pleasure_n it_o yield_v of_o hunt_v it_o yield_v also_o summer_v and_o hay_n for_o his_o horse_n and_o keep_v the_o great_a duchess_n a_o dairy_n of_o three_o hundred_o cow_n a_o commodity_n worth_a the_o remember_n in_o this_o state_n where_o in_o threescore_o mile_n be_v not_o see_v threescore_o head_n of_o cattle_n nor_o so_o much_o good_a pasture_n ground_n that_o i_o see_v in_o the_o whole_a country_n i_o be_o now_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o other_o chief_a city_n to_o remember_v in_o a_o word_n how_o and_o when_o the_o florentine_n come_v impatronize_v of_o diverse_a other_o state_n of_o tuscany_n and_o what_o form_n of_o government_n they_o have_v in_o former_a time_n until_o leo_n and_o clement_n for_o i_o must_v there_o needs_o begin_v when_o i_o shall_v come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o great_a duke_n title_n this_o city_n of_o florence_n after_o many_o conflict_n with_o the_o old_a city_n of_o fesulae_n whereof_o now_o almost_o remain_v no_o memory_n but_o the_o hill_n whereon_o it_o stand_v get_v the_o upper_a hand_n and_o many_o of_o that_o old_a town_n follow_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o winner_n come_v hither_o to_o dwell_v it_o grow_v to_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o a_o great_a and_o rich_a city_n which_o till_o then_o ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o sylla_n by_o who_o they_o say_v it_o be_v first_o found_v and_o make_v a_o colony_n of_o the_o roman_n bear_v rather_o the_o name_n of_o a_o bourough_n then_o otherwise_o and_o after_o a_o combination_n of_o these_o two_o city_n into_o one_o commonalty_n they_o quarter_v the_o arm_n of_o fesulae_n which_o be_v a_o moon_n azure_a in_o a_o field_n argent_fw-fr with_o those_o of_o florence_n be_v a_o flower_n de_fw-fr lise_n argent_fw-fr in_fw-la a_o field_n gules_a it_o be_v afterward_o subject_a to_o diverse_a sacking_n and_o subversion_n by_o the_o goth_n gaul_n and_o lomgobards_n partake_v with_o other_o city_n of_o italy_n in_o those_o misery_n which_o these_o nation_n inflict_v insomuch_o as_o there_o be_v nothing_o remain_v of_o their_o ancient_a glory_n but_o ruin_n and_o desolation_n &_o what_o the_o barbarous_a cruelty_n of_o such_o a_o enemy_n can_v not_o tyranise_v upon_o in_o these_o term_n charles_n the_o great_a find_v it_o who_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v re-edify_v appoint_v for_o the_o government_n thereof_o two_o consul_n and_o a_o senate_n of_o a_o hundred_o after_o this_o they_o alter_v the_o government_n confer_v it_o upon_o ten_o call_v antiani_n alderman_n as_o i_o take_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1254._o short_o after_o in_o the_o year_n 1287._o they_o win_v the_o city_n of_o pistoia_n 〈◊〉_d and_o about_o the_o same_o time_n they_o purchase_v their_o liberty_n of_o the_o emperor_n rodolphe_n for_o threescore_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o again_o change_v their_o form_n of_o government_n to_o eight_o priori_fw-la and_o a_o gonfalonier_n of_o justice_n who_o be_v to_o hold_v his_o place_n for_o 2._o month_n only_o present_o after_o they_o buy_v arezzo_n of_o
state_n which_o be_v somewayes_o fifty_o mile_n in_o length_n be_v every_o way_n environ_v who_o greatness_n be_v nothing_o please_v to_o the_o lucchesi_n neither_o can_v they_o well_o digest_v that_o his_o title_n di_o toscana_n and_o therefore_o the_o signoria_n of_o this_o state_n send_v letter_n of_o congratulation_n they_o say_v but_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a about_o some_o other_o their_o affair_n to_o cosmo_n medici_n present_o after_o his_o creation_n of_o great_a duke_n they_o style_v their_o letter_n thus_o all'_fw-it ilsmo_fw-la e_fw-la ecâ—smo_fw-la principi_fw-la cosmo_n medici_n gran_fw-mi duca_n m_o tuscana_n to_o which_o garbro_fw-la of_o they_o the_o italiaâ—rime_n â—rime_z also_o allude_v which_o say_v thus_o she_o il_fw-fr duca_n havesse_fw-it lucca_n è_fw-it serezzana_n saretbe_n il_fw-fr gran_fw-mi duca_n di_o tuscana_n imply_v that_o it_o be_v no_o reason_n he_o shall_v be_v entitle_v great_a duke_n of_o the_o whole_a have_v no_o more_o but_o the_o one_o half_a but_o how_o soon_o this_o town_n stand_v provista_fw-la as_o it_o brag_v and_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v he_o out_o of_o themselves_o two_o or_o three_o year_n together_o more_o than_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o spanish_a king_n to_o who_o protection_n it_o be_v recommend_v do_v curb_v his_o desire_n in_o attempt_v the_o action_n watch_v over_o this_o pretty_a state_n with_o a_o ambitious_a and_o covetous_a eye_n come_v lo_o sparuicre_n alla_fw-mi quaglia_fw-it as_o the_o hawk_n over_o the_o quail_n hope_v one_o day_n for_o a_o opportunity_n i_o be_o now_o by_o order-leaving_a lucca_n to_o look_v to_o herself_o pisa._n to_o pass_v the_o monte_fw-fr saint_n julian_n and_o arrive_v at_o pisa_n a_o city_n in_o former_a time_n very_o populous_a as_o any_o in_o tuscany_n now_o so_o dispeople_v as_o there_o be_v not_o judge_v above_o fourteteene_n thousand_o person_n though_o in_o circuit_n it_o be_v little_a less_o than_o florence_n the_o wall_n for_o the_o most_o 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diligence_n in_o their_o root_n ground_n may_v not_o compare_v and_o last_o for_o the_o variety_n of_o those_o commodity_n which_o these_o valley_n yield_v it_o shall_v suffice_v to_o comprehend_v they_o under_o these_o three_o head_n fruit_n herbage_n and_o grain_n with_o particular_a mention_n of_o such_o as_o i_o remember_v howbeit_o in_o italian_a name_n because_o many_o of_o they_o grow_v not_o nor_o be_v yet_o christen_v in_o england_n fruit_n herbage_n graine_n une_fw-fr finocchio_n formento_n fichi_n lattuga_fw-la orzo_n aranci_n inuidia_fw-la segala_n albicocchi_fw-la cicerbita_n miglio_n pesche_n borragine_n sagina_fw-la mele._n fiorancio_n panico_n limoni_fw-la aneto_fw-la fane_n cedri_fw-la bietola_n ceci_fw-fr manderle_n cavolo_fw-it faginoli_fw-la noci_fw-la spinacci_n piselli_n albatre_fw-la basilico_n riso_n cotogne_n radici_fw-la farro_n poponi_n porri_fw-la gioglio_n cedrioli_n carotte_n mochi_n cocomeri_fw-la rape_n vena_fw-la zucchi_fw-it fior_n di_fw-fr velluto_n spelta_fw-la will_fw-mi granate_n nepitella_fw-mi  _fw-fr ceriegi_n menta_fw-la  _fw-fr pere_n cardi._n  _fw-fr nespole_n gobbi_n  _fw-fr susine_n selerii_fw-la  _fw-fr cypolli_n pastinacchi_fw-la  _fw-fr agli_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr mori_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr these_z be_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o they_o feed_v for_o of_o other_o i_o speak_v not_o and_o to_o give_v these_o their_o due_a many_o of_o they_o be_v very_o delicate_a and_o pleasant_a as_o their_o una_fw-la moscutella_fw-la and_o rimaldesca_n their_o fig_n apricock_n musk-melon_n and_o such_o like_a howbeit_o consider_v either_o the_o little_a time_n they_o last_v or_o the_o small_a quantity_n they_o have_v thereof_o the_o benefit_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o be_v imagine_v for_o none_o of_o these_o last_o name_v last_v above_o two_o month_n except_o it_o be_v the_o grape_n whereof_o some_o few_o be_v hang_v up_o in_o the_o palco_n roof_n to_o serve_v the_o rich_a sort_n in_o lent_n as_o for_o the_o poor_a their_o 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