be_v much_o great_a and_o consequent_o the_o pressure_n more_o to_o these_o i_o shall_v add_v what_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o our_o learned_a warden_n the_o rev_n d_o dr._n wroe_n who_o for_o several_a year_n have_v keep_v a_o exact_a diary_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n he_o always_o observe_v the_o quicksilver_n upon_o its_o ascend_n to_o alter_v its_o surface_n insomuch_o as_o in_o very_o dry_a wether_n to_o become_v perfect_o convex_a and_o upon_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o air_n to_o a_o wet_a temper_n to_o alter_v to_o a_o plain_a surface_n and_o in_o extreme_a wet_a wether_n to_o a_o perfect_a concave_n the_o mercurial_a particle_n hang_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n by_o this_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o beside_o the_o ascent_n make_v by_o the_o pressure_n there_o be_v another_o also_o make_v by_o the_o intestine_a fermentation_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n and_o in_o this_o i_o be_o the_o far_o confirm_v since_o quicksilver_n in_o glass_n tube_v hermetical_o seal_v have_v be_v observe_v to_o rise_v and_o fall_v which_o can_v not_o be_v be_v the_o ascent_n by_o pressure_n whole_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n contain_v in_o the_o cup._n another_o thing_n remarkable_a in_o the_o air_n be_v the_o expose_v open_o dry_v leave_n of_o tobacco_n which_o in_o the_o hot_a day_n do_v soon_o grow_v moist_a for_o which_o no_o other_o reason_n can_v be_v assign_v but_o the_o exhalation_n in_o hot_a wether_n be_v far_o great_a and_o consequent_o the_o aqueous_a particle_n more_o numerous_o range_v in_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o drop_n of_o rain_n be_v then_o usual_o large_a and_o perhaps_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o bigness_n of_o hailstone_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n be_v solve_v cheshire_n a_o county_n palatine_n and_o among_o other_o thing_n famous_a for_o its_o earl_n who_o have_v a_o palatine_a jurisdiction_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n hold_v of_o they_o as_o in_o chief_a and_o be_v under_o a_o sovereign_a allegiance_n and_o fealty_n to_o they_o as_o they_o to_z the_o king_n this_o county_n be_v ancient_o inhabit_a by_o part_n of_o the_o cornavii_n the_o air_n there_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v more_o healthful_a and_o mild_a than_o in_o lancashire_n this_o county_n not_o so_o much_o abound_v with_o fen_n salt-marsh_n and_o mosses_n what_o be_v say_v more_o of_o the_o air_n in_o lancashire_n may_v serve_v as_o to_o this_o place_n and_o as_o to_o its_o far_a antiquity_n the_o follow_a account_n may_v be_v add_v according_a to_o sir_n thomas_n elliot_n the_o first_o name_n give_v to_o this_o city_n be_v neomagus_n so_o call_v from_o magus_n son_n of_o samothe_n son_n of_o japhet_n its_o founder_n see_v lambert_n pag._n 17_o the_o about_o 240_o year_n after_o the_o flood_n be_v this_o account_n true_a for_o aught_o i_o know_v it_o may_v stand_v in_o competition_n with_o the_o most_o antique_a city_n in_o the_o universe_n its_o second_o name_n be_v caerleon_n see_v albion_n mareoticus_n so_o nominate_v from_o leon_n vaur_n or_o gaver_n who_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o be_v a_o giant_n in_o albion_n and_o one_o of_o its_o restorer_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o conjecture_n i_o suppose_v may_v in_o some_o measure_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o follow_a history_n i._n e._n upon_o a_o giant_n be_v skull_n be_v dug_n up_o in_o pepper-street_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bone_n upon_o the_o britain_n come_v over_o and_o settle_v there_o it_o be_v afterward_o call_v caerleil_n and_o afterward_o caerleir_n because_o these_o two_o british_a king_n be_v enlarger_n and_o beautifier_n of_o it_o according_a to_o jackson_n stow_n and_o other_o before_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o roman_n here_o it_o be_v probable_a this_o city_n be_v call_v genuina_fw-la or_o gunia_n as_o will_n more_o full_o appear_v from_o the_o inscription_n of_o a_o votive_a altar_n dig_v up_o in_o this_o city_n and_o dedicate_v to_o jupiter_n tanar_n that_o be_v in_o the_o welsh_a language_n the_o thunderer_n which_o language_n it_o be_v likely_a the_o roman_n may_v make_v use_n of_o in_o this_o inscription_n to_o demonstrate_v their_o conquest_n over_o the_o britain_n after_o the_o roman_n have_v fix_v here_o their_o conquer_a legion_n style_v valens_n &_o victrix_n it_o be_v then_o style_v caerlheon_n caerlegion_n or_o as_o it_o be_v otherwise_o common_o call_v ardourdwy_n and_o caer_n by_o way_n of_o excellence_n as_o mr._n cambden_n observe_v to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o other_o caerleon_n or_o caerusk_n in_o south_n wales_n the_o latin_a historian_n style_v it_o cestria_n that_o be_v a_o castris_fw-la which_o the_o roman_n have_v fix_v there_o and_o leincestria_n that_o be_v the_o city_n of_o the_o legion_n it_o have_v likewise_o be_v style_v as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o roman_a tile_n dig_v up_o there_o deunana_n deva_n and_o devana_n civitas_n and_o these_o name_n i_o presume_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o it_o from_o its_o proximity_n to_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi in_o late_a age_n it_o be_v style_v legan-chester_n lege-cestre_a but_o in_o these_o day_n west-chester_n or_o chester_n as_o the_o greek_n express_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o denote_v its_o preference_n to_o dorchester_n or_o rochester_n by_o ptolemy_n it_o be_v sometime_o call_v oxcellum_fw-la uxcellum_fw-la plegimundham_n and_o leogria_n or_o locrine_n land_n of_o which_o the_o three_o first_o denote_v no_o more_o as_o hollingshed_n observe_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o his_o chronicle_n of_o england_n than_o a_o rock_n a_o island_n or_o place_n of_o strong_a defence_n by_o which_o we_o may_v easy_o observe_v that_o this_o be_v the_o boundary_a of_o king_n locrinus_n kingdom_n westward_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o ordovices_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o roman_n as_o most_o of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n do_v affirm_v those_o people_n be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o north_n wales_n the_o greatness_n of_o this_o ancient_a city_n be_v still_o the_o more_o conspicuous_a from_o those_o stately_a remain_n of_o its_o ruin_n i_o mean_v the_o subterraneous_a vault_n in_o cellar_n through_o freestone_n rock_n the_o entrance_n into_o they_o be_v range_v into_o several_a angle_n and_o by_o what_o i_o can_v learn_v from_o the_o description_n of_o the_o catacomb_n in_o italy_n we_o may_v reasonable_o conclude_v these_o to_o have_v be_v make_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n this_o instance_n sufficient_o demonstrate_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o roman_a power_n at_o chester_n and_o likewise_o that_o it_o be_v probable_a since_o by_o their_o conquer_a legion_n there_o they_o have_v block_v up_o the_o britain_n in_o wales_n that_o they_o be_v resolve_v not_o only_o to_o keep_v incorporate_v while_o live_v but_o likewise_o to_o preserve_v even_o their_o very_a ash_n together_o in_o these_o passage_n have_v be_v find_v several_a roman_a coin_n as_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v which_o more_o full_o illustrate_v these_o vault_n to_o have_v be_v heathen_a and_o not_o those_o subterraneous_a passage_n make_v use_v of_o by_o the_o monk_n which_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o various_a monastery_n this_o may_v be_v see_v in_o a_o cellar_n in_o bridge-street_n belong_v to_o mr._n john_n minshull_n derbyshire_n be_v ancient_o inhabit_a by_o the_o coritani_n who_o these_o be_v as_o well_o as_o the_o cornavii_n be_v uncertain_a the_o air_n in_o the_o peak_n of_o that_o country_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o rains_n and_o wind_n than_o in_o lancashire_n and_o cheshire_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unpleasant_a to_o see_v the_o cloud_n ride_v after_o the_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o by_o dash_v upon_o they_o be_v frequent_o force_v down_o in_o shower_n and_o by_o the_o sudden_a rarefaction_n of_o the_o meteor_n in_o the_o air_n pen_v up_o betwixt_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o cloud_n and_o get_v vent_n in_o the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o hill_n i_o think_v may_v fair_o illustrate_v why_o wind_n be_v in_o those_o part_n so_o frequent_a but_o this_o will_v be_v more_o easy_o conceive_v if_o we_o consider_v those_o artificial_a wind_n which_o be_v make_v by_o a_o aeolipile_n which_o instrument_n it_o be_v give_v i_o the_o first_o hint_n of_o dulcify_a salt-water_n which_o experiment_n i_o show_v to_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n some_o year_n before_o mr._n fitz-gerald_n have_v a_o patent_n for_o do_v it_o who_o communicate_v this_o experiment_n to_o he_o i_o know_v not_o but_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a it_o be_v not_o his_o own_o have_v now_o give_v account_n of_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o the_o air_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o consider_v the_o next_o element_n and_o that_o be_v water_n but_o before_o i_o enter_v upon_o that_o must_v beg_v leave_n to_o add_v two_o remarkable_a observation_n the_o first_o be_v to_o illustrate_v the_o elasticity_n of_o
but_o in_o dry_a wether_n and_o we_o may_v reasonable_o suppose_v there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o boat_n of_o all_o fort_n belong_v to_o so_o large_a a_o fort_n and_o city_n the_o anchor-hill_n so_o call_v be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o little_a dock_n or_o hithe_n for_o the_o building_n or_o repair_v they_o and_o that_o the_o anchor_n ring_n and_o nail_n there_o find_v be_v only_o for_o then_o use_v and_o not_o for_o ship_n they_o be_v far_o too_o little_a either_o for_o ship_n of_o burden_n or_o war._n we_o can_v right_o make_v out_o what_o legion_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v plant_v here_o by_o any_o of_o the_o noble_a ruin_n we_o disclose_v however_o by_o what_o have_v be_v discover_v both_o the_o antiquity_n and_o grandeur_n of_o the_o place_n will_v be_v clear_o represent_v and_o our_o modern_a observation_n be_v no_o small_a supplement_n to_o the_o more_o ancient_a one_o where_o mr._n cambden_n and_o other_o have_v save_v i_o the_o trouble_v i_o shall_v fair_o name_v they_o in_o order_n and_o in_o conclusion_n add_v my_o own_o the_o first_o inscription_n mr._n cambden_n take_v notice_n of_o be_v at_o salisbury-hall_n on_o the_o pedestal_n of_o a_o pillar_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v deo_fw-la marti_fw-la et_fw-la victoriae_n dd._n augg_n et_fw-fr cc_o nn._n and_o in_o the_o wall_n adjoin_v to_o it_o be_v another_o stone_n with_o the_o portraiture_n of_o cupid_n and_o another_o little_a image_n and_o in_o the_o backside_n of_o it_o be_v this_o inscription_n seoseam_fw-la rolnason_n osalvedn_n al._n q._n q._n sar_n brevenm_fw-la bedianis_fw-la antoni_fw-la we_o meg_n vi_o i_fw-mi domv_fw-la eliter_fw-la these_o mr._n cambden_n suppose_v to_o be_v british_a name_n of_o place_n but_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o that_o can_v be_v make_v out_o but_o rather_o look_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v the_o name_n of_o officer_n in_o a_o wing_n of_o the_o sarmatian_n al._n q._n q._n sar_n denote_v the_o ala_fw-la sarmatum_fw-la or_o a_o wing_n of_o the_o sarmatians_n of_o which_o tacitus_n give_v a_o full_a account_n osalvedn_n may_v probable_o signify_v oswald_n town_n the_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o osbaldstones_n still_o reside_v there_o so_o that_o these_o name_n may_v not_o only_o be_v british_n but_o likewise_o roman_n and_o sarmatian_a his_o next_o account_n be_v of_o a_o fair_a altar_n with_o this_o inscription_n this_o matribus_n m._n ingenvi_n we_o a'siaticvs_n *_o dec_n al._n ast_n ss_z ll._n m._n the_o signification_n of_o which_o as_o cambden_n himself_o be_v silent_a so_o i_o refer_v it_o to_o other_o antiquary_n to_o discuss_v however_o upon_o my_o be_v last_o at_o oxford_n i_o receive_v there_o the_o satisfaction_n to_o find_v that_o juno_n and_o diana_n be_v constant_o call_v by_o the_o roman_n deae_fw-la matres_fw-la and_o the_o further_a explication_n of_o this_o altar_n be_v that_o ingenuis_fw-la a_o asiatic_n one_o of_o the_o decuriones_fw-la of_o the_o asturian_n wing_n dedicate_v this_o altar_n to_o the_o mother_n goddess_n juno_n and_o diana_n another_o little_a altar_n he_o see_v cast_v out_o among_o the_o rubbish_n with_o this_o inscription_n pacife_n ro_n marti_fw-la elegaur_fw-la basilius_n posv_v it_o exit_fw-la vo_o to_o this_o altar_n from_o its_o smallness_n mr._n cambden_n take_v to_o have_v be_v some_o poor_a man_n altar_n to_o carry_v about_o with_o he_o and_o to_o have_v be_v for_o offer_v incense_n salt_n and_o flower_n but_o to_o i_o this_o interpretation_n seem_v more_o reasonable_a from_o the_o very_a word_n themselves_o at_o length_n that_o elegaurba_n doubtless_o a_o commander_n there_o dedicate_v this_o altar_n to_o mars_n after_o some_o signal_n overthrow_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o thence_o peace_n ensue_v he_o style_v he_o pacifero_fw-la but_o who_o this_o elegaurba_n be_v or_o what_o country_n man_n i_o pretend_v not_o to_o determine_v he_o speak_v also_o of_o another_o stone_n dig_v up_o with_o the_o portraiture_n of_o a_o naked_a man_n on_o horseback_n without_o bridle_n or_o saddle_n brandish_v his_o spear_n with_o both_o hand_n and_o insult_v over_o a_o naked_a man_n prostrate_v who_o hold_v out_o before_o he_o a_o kind_n of_o square_a piece_n between_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o person_n prostrate_v stand_v the_o letter_n d._n m._n under_o the_o prostrate_a man_n be_v gal._n sarmata_n there_o be_v other_o letter_n too_o deface_v to_o guess_v at_o one_o will_v imagine_v say_v he_o both_o from_o the_o former_a inscription_n and_o this_o that_o be_v find_v many_o year_n ago_o that_o a_o wing_n of_o the_o sarmatae_n have_v their_o station_n here_o his_o terris_fw-la tegitur_fw-la ael_n matrona_fw-la qv_fw-la vix_fw-la an._n xxviii_o m_o ii_o d_o viii_o et_fw-la m._n julius_n maximus_n fil._n vix_fw-la a_fw-la vi._n m_o iii_o d_o xx._n et_fw-fr cam_n pania_fw-la dubba_n mater_fw-la vix_fw-la an._n l._n julius_n maximus_n alae_n sar_n coniux_n coniugi_n incomparabili_fw-la et_fw-la filio_fw-la patri_fw-la pientis_fw-la simo_n et_fw-la socerae_fw-la tena_n cissimae_fw-la memoriae_fw-la p._n this_o inscription_n as_o i_o take_v it_o may_v be_v thus_o translate_v aael_n a_o matron_n who_o live_v 28_o year_n two_o month_n and_o eight_o day_n in_o this_o earth_n lie_v entomb_v and_o marcus_n julius_n maximus_n her_o son_n who_o live_v six_o year_n three_o month_n and_o twenty_o day_n and_o campania_n dubba_o her_o mother_n who_o live_v fifty_o year_n julius_n maximus_n and_o alae_n a_o sarmatian_a wife_n to_o her_o incomparable_a husband_n erect_v this_o to_o perpetuate_v the_o memory_n of_o simo_n the_o son_n of_o a_o pious_a father_n and_o his_o father_n in_o law_n now_o the_o word_n asiaticus_n in_o the_o inscription_n beginning_n with_o this_o matribus_fw-la and_o in_o that_o precede_a it_o beginning_n with_o seoseam_n and_o in_o this_o last_o of_o all_o that_o word_n sar_n be_v repeat_v it_o make_v it_o more_o probable_a to_o i_o that_o sarmatia_n be_v a_o part_n of_o asia_n and_o likewise_o part_v of_o europe_n contain_v poland_n russia_n muscovy_n and_o most_o of_o tartary_n from_o which_o vast_a country_n the_o phoenician_n be_v a_o industrious_a and_o trade_a people_n transplant_v several_a colony_n hither_o and_o on_o the_o portraiture_n of_o the_o naked_a man_n these_o word_n gal._n sarmata_n be_v find_v too_o do_v far_a illustrate_v these_o people_n call_v brigantes_n reside_v here_o to_o be_v for_o a_o great_a part_n asiatic_o of_o which_o mr._n camden_n take_v no_o notice_n thus_o far_o and_o no_o far_a mr._n camden_n proceed_v in_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o note_a station_n but_o as_o to_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o the_o place_n he_o say_v ptolemy_n style_v it_o rigodunum_n and_o that_o be_v corrupt_v from_o ribodunum_n may_v not_o be_v unlike_o ribbochester_n it_o be_v his_o opinion_n likewise_o the_o town_n of_o preston_n call_v so_o from_o the_o religious_a quasi_fw-la priest_n town_n spring_v from_o the_o ruin_n of_o this_o remarkable_a city_n which_o may_v be_v ruin_v by_o war_n or_o earthquake_n i_o shall_v now_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n with_o my_o own_o observation_n make_v in_o this_o present_a year_n 1699_o when_o i_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n which_o give_v i_o a_o new_a and_o different_a prospect_n of_o matter_n above_o what_o he_o have_v recite_v the_o first_o remarkable_a piece_n of_o antiquity_n i_o take_v notice_n of_o be_v a_o fortification_n call_v anchor-hill_n because_o anchor_n have_v sometime_o be_v find_v there_o under_o ground_n with_o ring_n and_o nail_n of_o small_a vessel_n roman_a paterae_n of_o a_o metal_n like_o that_o of_o our_o china_n teapot_n with_o the_o effigy_n of_o wolf_n and_o flower_n upon_o they_o and_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o these_o letter_n fab._n pro._n which_o doubtless_o must_v be_v in_o the_o time_n when_o some_o one_o of_o the_o fabii_n be_v proconsul_n or_o procurator_n from_o anchor-hill_n there_o go_v a_o way_n to_o preston_n and_o a_o road_n to_o lancaster_n where_o there_o be_v another_o fortification_n and_o a_o roman_a wall_n another_o road_n likewise_o direct_v to_o mancunium_n or_o manchester_n where_o be_v a_o fortress_n call_v the_o giant_n or_o torquins_n castle_n and_o doubtless_o that_o be_v their_o highway_n to_o devona_n or_o chester_n where_o the_o twenty_o legion_n style_v valens_n and_o victrix_n be_v fix_v chester_n be_v then_o a_o blockade_n to_o the_o britain_n in_o wales_n not_o far_o from_o this_o fortification_n call_v anchor-hill_n at_o ribchester_n i_o see_v a_o common-shore_n and_o a_o floor_n compose_v of_o roman_a tile_n which_o absolute_o demonstrate_v the_o river_n there_o be_v never_o navigable_a for_o have_v it_o be_v so_o that_o city_n must_v unavoidable_o have_v be_v under_o water_n together_o with_o in_o that_o country_n common_o call_v the_o field_n from_o its_o resemblance_n to_o a_o field_n be_v all_o champaign_n near_o this_o shoar_n i_o see_v a_o pillar_n about_o seventeen_o inch_n diameter_n with_o letter_n upon_o it_o but_o those_o in_o a_o great_a
roman_a wall_n there_o common_o call_v the_o weary-wall_n abundant_o demonstrate_v that_o ancient_a town_n to_o have_v be_v a_o most_o eminent_a roman_a station_n at_o the_o least_o the_o next_o place_n remarkable_a for_o antiquity_n be_v coln_n in_o the_o same_o hundred_o with_o ribchester_n the_o antiquity_n of_o which_o place_n be_v transmit_v to_o i_o by_o the_o learned_a mr._n hargrave_n rector_n of_o brandsburton_n near_o beverly_n in_o yorkshire_n in_o the_o follow_a word_n i_o have_v often_o from_o the_o name_n coln_n conjecture_v that_o the_o place_n be_v of_o more_o ancient_a original_a than_o the_o tradition_n current_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v it_o and_o i_o be_v the_o further_o confirm_v in_o this_o by_o the_o great_a number_n of_o roman_a coin_n which_o have_v be_v frequent_o dig_v up_o nigh_o it_o as_o at_o wheatly-lane_n which_o be_v general_o copper_n and_o those_o silver_n one_o cast_v up_o by_o a_o plough_n three_o or_o four_o year_n ago_o nigh_o emmet_n enclose_v in_o a_o great_a silver_n cup_n some_o of_o which_o i_o have_v see_v one_o of_o gordianus_n be_v very_o legible_a and_o another_o not_o so_o i_o have_v see_v part_n of_o other_o who_o remain_n show_v they_o be_v one_o of_o the_o antonine_n but_o that_o which_o most_o confirm_v my_o conjecture_n of_o this_o town_n be_v be_v a_o roman_a station_n be_v a_o conversation_n i_o be_v honour_v with_o the_o last_o summer_n by_o our_o reverend_a dean_n of_o york_n dr._n gale_n who_o be_v please_v to_o show_v i_o a_o book_n write_v about_o the_o seven_o century_n by_o a_o nameless_a author_n at_o ravenna_n which_o be_v so_o far_o as_o i_o know_v of_o it_o nothing_o but_o a_o itinerary_n wherein_o many_o ancient_a name_n of_o town_n through_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v remember_v which_o other_o have_v omit_v especial_o in_o britain_n that_o author_n come_v from_o our_o camolodunium_fw-la to_o colunium_fw-la and_o thence_o to_o gallunium_fw-la which_o by_o the_o usual_a transmutation_n of_o the_o roman_a g._n into_o our_o w._n that_o learned_a person_n conclude_v to_o be_v wally_n and_o thence_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o from_o the_o distance_n of_o coln_n from_o almondbury_n and_o its_o lie_v in_o the_o road_n betwixt_o that_o and_o whalley_n conclude_v that_o coln_n be_v a_o roman_a station_n i_o will_v only_o add_v sir_n that_o the_o book_n i_o have_v mention_v be_v print_v at_o paris_n 1670_o or_o thereabouts_o and_o if_o our_o dean_n copy_n be_v procure_v from_o the_o french_a king_n library_n and_o which_o be_v strange_a that_o inquisitive_a person_n tell_v i_o he_o can_v not_o where_o meet_a with_o a_o other_o copy_n this_o last_o thing_n have_v induce_v i_o to_o think_v that_o somewhat_o i_o have_v trouble_v you_o with_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o place_n may_v be_v new_a to_o you_o the_o respect_n i_o bear_v to_o the_o place_n of_o my_o birth_n have_v perchance_o tempt_v i_o to_o determine_v too_o peremptory_o in_o favour_n of_o it_o which_o i_o whole_o submit_v to_o your_o very_a judicious_a censure_n and_o if_o what_o i_o have_v write_v so_o hasty_o may_v be_v any_o way_n serviceable_a to_o your_o chapter_n of_o antiquity_n i_o shall_v be_v extreme_o proud_a to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o least_o measure_n your_o humble_a servant_n with_o all_o deference_n to_o that_o learned_a gentleman_n it_o be_v my_o opinion_n coln_n be_v not_o a_o roman_a station_n and_o that_o for_o these_o follow_a reason_n first_o because_o where_o the_o roman_a station_n be_v there_o be_v usual_o foss_n and_o fortification_n of_o which_o this_o learned_a gentleman_n give_v no_o account_n and_o though_o the_o coin_n find_v there_o may_v induce_v he_o to_o think_v it_o so_o yet_o that_o instance_n be_v not_o convince_a since_o they_o be_v frequent_o find_v in_o several_a other_o part_n which_o in_o probability_n be_v never_o roman_a station_n as_o at_o bury_n and_o standish_n in_o lancashire_n beside_o it_o be_v frequent_o observe_v that_o where_o the_o roman_a station_n be_v there_o be_v usual_o find_v roman_n altar_n dedicate_v to_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o place_n paterae_n and_o fibulae_fw-la it_o be_v very_o likely_a therefore_o that_o where_o those_o coin_n be_v find_v and_o not_o the_o other_o antiquity_n they_o be_v only_o bury_v there_o by_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o march_n when_o they_o quit_v their_o station_n who_o rather_o choose_v to_o hide_v they_o in_o the_o earth_n than_o let_v they_o fall_v into_o their_o enemy_n hand_n second_o it_o be_v probable_a it_o be_v not_o a_o roman_a station_n from_o the_o account_n that_o be_v give_v of_o the_o boundary_n belong_v to_o they_o for_o as_o siculus_n flaccus_n inform_v we_o the_o field_n that_o lay_v near_o the_o colony_n be_v determine_v by_o several_a sort_n of_o bound_n in_o the_o limit_n there_o be_v place_v for_o mark_n sometime_o one_o thing_n and_o sometime_o another_o in_o some_o a_o little_a statue_n of_o mercury_n in_o other_o a_o wine_n vessel_n in_o other_o a_o spatula_fw-la in_o other_o a_o rhombus_fw-la or_o a_o figure_n in_o shape_n like_o a_o lozenge_n and_o in_o some_o according_a to_o vitalis_n and_o arcadius_n a_o flagon_n or_o jar_n now_o none_o of_o all_o these_o as_o ever_o i_o hear_v of_o have_v be_v dug_n up_o at_o coln_n i_o can_v conclude_v it_o a_o roman_a station_n but_o that_o the_o coin_n find_v there_o be_v lodge_v by_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o itineraries_n but_o by_o reason_n some_o of_o these_o have_v be_v find_v at_o up-holland_n in_o lancashire_n that_o place_n indeed_o may_v have_v be_v a_o roman_a station_n from_o what_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o i_o it_o seem_v more_o feasible_a that_o the_o name_n coln_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o saxon_a word_n culme_n in_o that_o language_n signify_v coal_n that_o place_v abound_v with_o that_o sort_n of_o mine_n that_o manchester_n be_v a_o fortress_n of_o note_n in_o the_o roman_n day_n be_v apparent_a from_o the_o large_a ruin_n remain_v in_o a_o near_o adjoin_v field_n and_o some_o inscription_n that_o have_v be_v find_v in_o neighbour_a place_n but_o that_o i_o may_v do_v justice_n to_o the_o memory_n of_o mr._n hollingworth_n once_o fellow_n of_o the_o collegiate_n church_n in_o manchester_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o be_v censure_v in_o transcribe_v his_o manuscript_n relate_v to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o town_n and_o now_o reserve_v in_o the_o library_n there_o he_o suppose_v it_o receive_v its_o denomination_n from_o maen_n which_o as_o we_o find_v from_o the_o glossaries_n of_o the_o british_a tongue_n signify_v a_o rock_n or_o stone_n because_o it_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o rock_n or_o stony_a hill_n the_o roman_n call_v it_o mancunium_n or_o manucium_n according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o copy_n mention_v by_o antoninus_n the_o emperor_n who_o live_v about_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o christ_n the_o thoroughfare_a ascribe_v to_o he_o be_v from_o eboracum_n york_n to_o calacina_fw-la tadcaster_n then_o to_o cambodunum_n a_o place_n now_o ruin_v near_o almondsbury_n in_o yorkshire_n then_o to_o mammuncio_n or_o manucio_n manchester_n thence_o to_o condato_n congleton_n in_o cheshire_n and_o then_o from_o coccium_n ribchester_n to_o mancunio_n and_o so_o to_o condato_n this_o town_n of_o manchester_n be_v a_o station_n or_o fort_n of_o the_o roman_n now_o the_o station_n of_o the_o roman_a colony_n be_v the_o several_a plait_n of_o our_o city_n and_o principal_a town_n before_o who_o come_v the_o britain_n have_v not_o other_o city_n or_o town_n than_o wood_n fence_v with_o trench_n and_o rampire_n which_o be_v place_n of_o retreat_n to_o avoid_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o borderer_n in_o aldport_n close_o by_o the_o town_n be_v another_o fort_n where_o many_o roman_a coin_n have_v be_v dig_v up_o it_o be_v build_v foursquare_a be_v common_o call_v mancastle_n or_o mamcastle_n be_v build_v as_o may_v be_v presume_v by_o vicius_fw-la lupus_fw-la propraetor_n and_o lieutenant_n of_o britain_n as_o ulpian_n the_o civil_a lawyer_n call_v he_o who_o strengthen_v these_o northern_a part_n with_o fort_n and_o castle_n from_o this_o ancient_a fortress_n the_o place_n be_v afterward_o call_v aldport_n ald_v for_o outpost_n in_o teutonic_n from_o whence_o and_o not_o from_o the_o french_a they_o ancient_o have_v it_o be_v sometime_o use_v for_o a_o city_n wall_v town_n or_o fence_v place_n near_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o parish_n towards_o prestwich_n there_o be_v a_o field_n call_v ho-castle-field_n and_o a_o lane_n call_v ho-castle-lane_n mr._n cambden_n visit_v these_o part_n see_v at_o the_o fort_n of_o alpark_n upon_o a_o long_a stone_n this_o inscription_n candidi_fw-la fides_n xx_o iiij_o and_o john_n dee_n then_o warden_n of_o manchester_n copy_v out_o this_o for_o he_o coho_n i_o frisin_n masavonis_fw-la p._n xx_o iii_o these_o two_o piece_n it_o
with_o success_n he_o send_v over_o hither_o several_a legion_n and_o its_o most_o probable_a the_o twenty_o in_o his_o reign_n we_o find_v a_o very_a great_a impression_n make_v upon_o britain_n several_a province_n subdue_v a_o warlike_a prince_n caractacus_n carry_v captive_a to_o rome_n and_o a_o magnificent_a triumph_n thereupon_o in_o the_o course_n of_o the_o conduct_n of_o ostorius_n scapula_n the_o legate_n it_o be_v remarkable_a what_o be_v say_v in_o tacitus_n ann._n 12._o 32._o et_fw-la ductus_fw-la in_o cangos_n exercitus_fw-la the_o learned_a cambden_n suppose_v upon_o the_o great_a deliberation_n whereon_o he_o be_v put_v by_o lipsius_n that_o the_o cheshire_n the_o cheshire_n cangi_n be_v those_o britain_n inhabit_v these_o part_n he_o be_v induce_v thereunto_o by_o the_o pig_n of_o lead_n find_v in_o the_o ground_n and_o have_v this_o inscription_n on_o they_o imp._n domit._n aug_n gerard_n de._n ceang._n we_o find_v the_o province_n about_o the_o brigantes_n silures_n and_o ordovices_n subdue_v by_o ostorius_n and_o consider_v the_o situation_n of_o chester_n as_o it_o lie_v to_o those_o several_a province_n it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o the_o twenty_o legion_n may_v in_o his_o time_n be_v encamp_v here_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o vitellius_n this_o among_o other_o be_v account_v a_o stand_a legion_n in_o britain_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o in_o tacitus_n hist._n lib._n 2._o 22._o cum_fw-la vexillis_fw-la nonae_fw-la secundaeque_fw-la &_o vicesimae_fw-la britanicarum_fw-la legionum_fw-la upon_o obtain_v of_o the_o empire_n by_o vespasian_n we_o find_v it_o here_o 7._o here_o ejusdem_fw-la vitæ_fw-la agr._n 7._o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o roscius_n celer_n praeposuit_fw-la celer_n agricolam_fw-la xxmae_fw-la legioni_fw-la tarde_fw-la ad_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la transgressae_fw-la praeposuit_fw-la and_o very_o difficult_o draw_v to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o the_o new_a emperor_n and_o he_o that_o consider_v the_o success_n of_o agricola_n in_o his_o proconsulship_n of_o britain_n under_o that_o emperor_n and_o particular_o in_o these_o part_n will_v be_v induce_v far_a to_o believe_v the_o say_a legion_n have_v its_o residence_n here_o and_o from_o thence_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a the_o city_n be_v call_v cestria_n or_o caerlleon_n in_o british_a a_o castris_fw-la and_o the_o learned_a polyalbion_n learned_a in_o not._n in_o polyalbion_n selden_n do_v therefore_o reconcile_v the_o say_v of_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n emeriti_fw-la julianarum_fw-la legionum_fw-la ibi_fw-la residere_fw-la by_o apply_v julianarum_fw-la to_o julius_n agricola_n the_o lieutenant_n and_o not_o to_o julius_n caesar._n yet_o though_o it_o be_v credible_a this_o place_n may_v become_v considerable_a from_o the_o so_o long_a residence_n of_o a_o legion_n or_o legion_n here_o as_o be_v a_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o draw_v a_o confluence_n of_o conquer_a britain_n to_o they_o and_o of_o their_o inhabitation_n there_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o believe_v it_o do_v improve_v and_o advance_v to_o the_o denomination_n and_o grandeur_n of_o a_o city_n before_o it_o be_v make_v a_o colony_n by_o a_o imperial_a charter_n have_v it_o be_v a_o municipium_fw-la or_o hans-town_n use_v its_o own_o private_a law_n and_o custom_n or_o have_v it_o be_v a_o city_n in_o the_o time_n of_o vespasian_n or_o before_o septimius_n geta_n it_o be_v likely_a some_o history_n have_v mention_v it_o and_o also_o that_o it_o will_v not_o have_v be_v make_v a_o colony_n by_o septimius_n geta_n cheshire_n geta_n in_o cheshire_n mr._n cambden_n mention_n a_o coin_n of_o that_o emperor_n the_o reverse_n whereof_o be_v col_n divana_n leg_n xx._n victrix_n that_o coin_n be_v a_o most_o valuable_a piece_n of_o antiquity_n and_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o all_o our_o charter_n it_o find_v we_o a_o colony_n from_o rome_n and_o prove_v what_o we_o so_o much_o seek_v after_o our_o relation_n to_o that_o legion_n that_o chester_n be_v call_v deva_n be_v also_o prove_v by_o the_o itinerary_n ascribe_v to_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n pius_n wherein_o it_o be_v thus_o insert_v deva_n leg_n xx._n vict._n m._n p._n xx._n that_o be_v from_o candato_n or_o congleton_n twenty_o mile_n to_o deva_n or_o chester_n this_o too_o prove_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o twenty_o legion_n here_o and_o if_o the_o itinerary_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o some_o assert_v it_o we_o may_v boast_v of_o a_o much_o great_a antiquity_n than_o we_o pretend_v to_o but_o quit_v that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o question_v but_o it_o be_v very_o ancient_a and_o of_o good_a authority_n as_o for_o the_o forementioned_a coin_n of_o geta_n it_o be_v unquestionable_a and_o it_o be_v probable_a chester_n be_v make_v a_o colony_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 211._o another_o coin_n of_o this_o emperor_n of_o the_o same_o year_n with_o this_o inscription_n imp._n caes._n p._n sept_n geta_n pius_fw-la aug_n brit_n on_o the_o reverse_n victoriae_n brit_n seem_v to_o attest_v so_o much_o admit_v this_o it_o be_v manifest_a this_o city_n be_v a_o roman_a colony_n 1482_o year_n ago_o and_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o twenty_o legion_n so_o many_o year_n before_o qualify_v it_o for_o that_o dignity_n the_o legionary_a soldier_n be_v by_o long_a succession_n naturalize_v to_o the_o place_n and_o the_o emeriti_fw-la or_o veteranes_n of_o they_o be_v the_o first_o petitioner_n for_o the_o honour_n and_o the_o first_o regular_a inhabitant_n and_o father_n of_o the_o colony_n longinus_n fi._n ejus_fw-la there_o be_v here_o a_o flaw_n in_o the_o stone_n but_o the_o space_n be_v so_o small_a that_o one_o initial_a letter_n only_o seem_v want_v and_o since_o it_o be_v but_o one_o it_o rather_o denote_v the_o proenomen_fw-la as_o a._n for_o aulus_n c_o for_o cajus_n d._n for_o decimus_n l._n for_o lucius_n etc._n etc._n than_o the_o nomen_fw-la viz._n flavius_n to_o be_v want_v this_o indeed_o will_v be_v a_o great_a matter_n of_o scruple_n but_o that_o it_o be_v find_v common_a among_o the_o roman_n to_o omit_v or_o assume_v their_o name_n or_o their_o surname_n pro_fw-la re_fw-la nata_fw-la or_o at_o their_o pleasure_n vj._n pleasure_n macrob._n saturnal_a lib._n 1._o cap._n vj._n nec_fw-la mirum_fw-la si_fw-la ex_fw-la cognominibus_fw-la nata_fw-la sunt_fw-la nomina_fw-la cum_fw-la contra_fw-la &_o cognomina_fw-la ex_fw-la propriis_fw-la sint_fw-la tracta_fw-la nominibus_fw-la domo_fw-la samosata_n the_o place_n be_v here_o use_v substantive_o by_o apposition_n as_o be_v frequent_a in_o inscription_n viz._n gruter_n 634._o 5._o domo_fw-la africa_n 873._o 15._o domo_fw-la asia_n 385._o 1._o domo_fw-la carthagine_n 174._o 34._o domo_fw-la roma_fw-la etc._n etc._n since_o there_o may_v be_v as_o be_v before_o presume_v several_a family_n descend_v from_o the_o same_o gens_n in_o syria_n the_o addition_n of_o samosata_n do_v ascertain_v the_o person_n and_o his_o family_n 24._o family_n plin._n hist._n nat._n lib._n 5._o cap._n 24._o 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lancashire_n receive_v their_o denomination_n from_o that_o people_n by_o a_o easy_a corruption_n as_o to_o the_o king_n of_o mercia_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o this_o province_n in_o that_o famous_a heptarchy_n of_o the_o saxon_n the_o first_o of_o the_o royal_a list_n be_v by_o holinshed_n call_v crida_n who_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o son_n wibba_n anno_fw-la dom._n 595_o this_o king_n have_v war_n with_o the_o northumber_n and_o slaughter_a twelve_o hundred_o monk_n at_o bangor_n anno_fw-la dom._n 604_o as_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o computation_n make_v by_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n and_o bede_n ecclesiastical_a history_n this_o city_n till_o now_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o britain_n but_o their_o king_n be_v defeat_v it_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o northumber_n as_o malmesbury_n testify_v but_o as_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n observe_v they_o be_v stop_v by_o the_o british_a force_n under_o the_o command_n of_o bledrick_n duke_n of_o cornwall_n manaduc_n 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