disputations of religion there handled by Martin Luther and his adherentes the Doctors thereof are at this day the greatest propugnators of the confession of Ausburge and retaine in vse the meere Lutherane religion Many worthy writers haue in this learned seminary of the artes receiued their education as Hennigus Schurfius Clingius and Oldendorpius famous professors of the ciuill law and in our latter age Martin Luther and Phillip Melancthon there haue florished Frankford vpon Oder THere are in Germany two Frankfords both cities of great fame and worth the one lyeth in Franconia vpon the Meine well knowne to all Marchants trauellers by reason of two rich and famous Marts yearely held therein The other is situated neere to the Oder a goodly riuer passing through the Marke or dominion of the Marquesse of Brandeburge one of the seuen Electors This is that Franckford which I now intend to speake of This citie as some thinke was built and named by the Franckes about the yeare 146. at which time wee reade a nation so named to haue inhabited neere vnto the Rheine But in their owne Chronicles we find that this citie was first founded extructed by Gedinus of Hertzberge in the yeare 1253. by the commission licence of Iohn the first of that name Marquesse of Brandeburge as a storehouse for such marchandise as should be brought thither as well ouer land as vp the riuer Ioachime Marques of Brandeburge to his euerlasting praise first founded in this place an Vniuersitie in the yeare of grace 1506. and bountifully prouided for the maintenance thereof enduing the same with large reuenewes and rich possessions it was afterwarde authorised by Pope Alexander the 6. and by Pope Iulius the 2. and Maximilian the first of that name Emperour enfranchised with many priuiledges The first Chancelor thereof is said to haue beene Theodorus de Bulan the first Rector Conrade Wippina a learned Diuine and subtill Philosopher the first Deane of Artes therein created was Iohn Lindholtz In the yeare 1344. Rudolph Duke of Saxony the Bishop of Magdeburge Barnaim Duke of Pomerland and the Duke of Anhalt conspiring in armes against Lewes created Marquesse of Brandoburge by the Emperour Lewes of Bauaria his father besieged Franckford but the citizens doing homage vnto Lewes quickly caused them to dislodge and withdraw their forces The Hussites also attempting the siege therof in the yeare 1432. were in like sort repulsed so strongly fortified is their Cittie In this Citie the three tongues are with great and profound learning professed also the Ciuill law Phisicke the Mathematiques are there publikely taught with much wisedome and excellencie Rostoche ROstoche is a maritine Citie bordering on Saxonie populous and opulent the aire thereabout is pure and healthie and the land fertile from whence arise great cheapnesse and plentie of victuailes In the yeare of Christes natiuitie 1415. the Princes of Meckleburge and the citizens of Rostoche obtained licence to erect in this Citie an vniuersitie wherein the artes in generall haue euer since beene learnedly professed they are in religion partly Lutheranes partly Caluinistes Gripswalde GRipswalde is a towne in the Dukedome of Wolgaste subiected to the D. of Pomerland which by long ciuil discord impouerished is now grown obscure About the yere of our Lord 1456 liued herein a certaine learned Doctor of the Lawes which being Proconsul or Burgomaster of the towne obtained for the same many goodly priuiledges and licence to erect an Vniuersitie which being by him onely begun was perfited and enlarged by the great care and diligence of Phillip Duke of Pomerland in the yeare 1547. Friburge FRiburge is a noble and conspicuous citie at this day the Metropolis of Brisgew which Prouince belongeth to the Earles of Furstenberge It was first a little village in the yeare 1120. was walled about by Bertholdus Duke of Zeringe as by those olde rithmes appeareth Anno milleno centeno bis quoque deno Friburge fundatur Bertholdus dux dominatur There was in times past not aboue a mile distant from this towne a mine of siluer whereby the citizens were so greatly enriched that they began to adorne beautifie their citie with temples monasteries sundrie other edifices built in most pompous and magnificent manner Amongst the rest at that time was erected that costly curious Pyramis or Tower of stone vpon our Ladies Church the like whereof is not in Germany to be seene the steeple of Strasburge excepted which by the Gentiles was numbred among the miracles of the world Then did the citizens through the affluence of their wealth take vppon them the degree of nobilitie and the noble men gentlemen of the countrey sued to bee made free of that incorporation insomuch that they ordinarily had 12. knights sitting in their Senate house At that time was the Citie able to produce into the field of their owne cittizens 30000. armed men There remaine yet therein 14. religious houses besides a Temple of Croitzhiers or Knights of the crosse and an other belonging to the knightes of the Dutch order In the yeare of our Sauiour 1250. or as some write 1460. Albert Duke of Austria founded in this Citie an Academy and liberally endued the same with large reuenewes and possessions In the yeare 1467. this vniuersitie receiued many statutes and ordinances from Vienna in Austria from whence also came many great learned clerkes here publikely to professe Theologie the Lawes Ciuill Canon the other Artes. And at length the Emperour Fredericke in the yeare 1472. much augmented and encreased the same the chiefest colledge herein is that which is called â—omus sapientiae In this place is great plentie of the stones called Chalcedonij whereof they vsually make beads which being halfe blacke halfe white when they are polished resemble Ieat and Iuory glewed together They are digged out of the ground at Westrich in Lorrayne and are in this citie cut and garnished There runne through Friburge many little brooks the channels whereof are diuided into euerie streete which purge the citie of all noysomnesse and are in the winter time when all the riuers without the citie are congealed neuer frosen Neere vnto the walles hereof is a riuer replenished with sundrie kinds of fishes called Triese which springeth out of the same mountaine from whence the Danow ariseth The Danow carrying his current with great celerity toward the East and the Triese softly sliding to the West Martpurge MArtpurge is the Metropolis of Hessen vnder the Laudsgraue his dominion is situate in the middest thereof on the banke of Lon a small riuer falling into the Rheine Some are of opinion that it was so called from Mars the God of warre among the heathen Others think it receiued his name from Marcomire Prince of the Franckes An vniuersitie was in this citie instituted about the yeare 1526. which was afterward repayred and reinstituted by Philip the Landgraue in the yeare 1536. It
Academy shall come vnto stay in or returne from the same and send their messengers and baggage eyther thether or from thence to any other place quietly without troble or molestation as to themselues shall seeme best c. The like Charter was to them graunted by king Philip the sixt which Rebulphus rehearseth in this manner We of our especiall grace and from the fulnes of royall authority do expressely forbid all lay men of what condition or calling soeuer and euery priuate person vppon any occasion to disturbe or molest any maister or scholler eyther going to or comming from the Parisian Vniuersity or any other that shall by his oath affirme that hee eyther is or meaneth to bee one of the saide incorporation King Charles the 6. did release and set free all students in Paris from al maner of subsidies taxes impositions of wine corn or whatsoeuer goodes besides they should buy eyther by parcels or by great to serue their necessarie turnes Euen this king Charles not long after taking part with Clement the Antipape against Pope Vrban by apprehending and imprisoning the Rector of this Vniuersitie for publike reciting the saide Popes letters in the schooles did much impayre the happie and florishing estate thereof for the students thinking thereby their priuiledges to bee infringed departed from the Vniuersity and left it in a manner desolate and voide of schollers In like manner wee reade that the Vniuersity was forsaken in the time of king Lewes the holy vnder whose raigne the schollers many outragious iniuries being offered them by the Cittizens complayning that their auncient customes and priuiledges against all law of God and man were violated and abrogated departed in swarmes from thence whereof some thousandes came into England and studied in Oxford wherat the kings charge they were wel prouided for Many likewise are the priuiledges which haue by sondry Popes beene granted to this Vniuersity but to auoide prolixity I will set downe one letter of Pope Innocents written to this Academie We being desirous to doe you an especiall grace and fauour do ordayn and decree that it shall not bee lawfull for any man to pronounce any sentence of excommunication or interdiction against eyther Rector Proctor Maister or Scholler of your Vniuersitie of what degree or facultie soeuer hee be or against any other for any fact concerning the Vniuersitie without especial licence from our sea Apostolike without which if any such sentence shal be pronounced wee will that it be helde as friuolous and of no effect From this Vniuersity as from a clearespringing fountaine haue beene deriued many excellent Academies of France and Germany Therein are at this day to be seen an hundred goodly Colledges for the vse of students builded all of costly marble stone Robert brother to king Lewes the holy founded in this Academie in the yeare 2 3. that famous Colledge of the learned Sorbonistes vnto whome all Vniuersities of Europe with one consent giue place as to the greatest Clarks most profound Diuines of Christendome In the yeare 1286. Queene Iohan erected the magnificent and goodly Colledge of Nauarre Francis of Valois king of France did send for sondry learned professors of the Greek and Hebrue tongues vnto whome he allowed liberall exhibitions vnto the which he added afterward being moued thereunto by the counsell and perswasions of William Budye Iohn Bellay two singularly learned men the profession of Phisicke Philosophy and the Mathematikes So great a quantity and proportion of corne and other prouisions necessary for the life of man are from all quarters of the Realme brought into this cittie that there is nothing wanting for the sustenance of so many thousande persons for within this Cittie are sayde to be 500. parishes and 100. Colledges S. Dionisius Areopagâ—ta first taught in this cittie the principles of religion That the Reader may the better conceiue the excellencie of this Cittie I haue annexed hereunto for a conclusion certaine old verses written in commendation thereofby Architremius a Poet of our owne countrie Exoritur tandem locus altera regia Phoebi Parrisius Cyrraea viris Chrysaea metallis Graeca libris Inda studiis Romana Poetis Attica Philosophis mundi rosa balsamus orbis Sidonis ornatu sua mensis suapotu Diues agris foecunda mero mansueta colonis Messe ferax inoperta rubis nemorosa racemis Plena feris fortis domino pia regibus aura Dulcis amaena situ bona quolibet omne venustum Omne bonum si sola bonis fortuna faueret Poictiers POictou is a great and goodly Earledom of France contayning 1200 parishes deuided into three Dioceses or Bishoprickes It hath also within the confines thereof many proud and mighty citties amongst which appeareth that beautifull and far renowned cittie Poictiers seated at the foote of the riuer Claine or Clanus the principall seate and Metropolis of the Earldome for antiquitie and long continuance not inferior to any towne of France second to Paris onely in greatnes power and maiesty therein are yet to this day remayning certaine reliques and monumentes of most incredible continuance as the olde ruines of an ancient Theater Gallienus his pallace and the vaultes of certaine Conduits yet standing called in French Arceaux de Parigne In this Citie hath long flourished a most learned Vniuersitie of great fame and authoritie in degree and preheminence next to Paris We read in the Ecclesiastical histories that S. Hiliary called the Apostle of Aquitaine first reuealed vnto this people the light of the Gospell and became the first Bishop of Poictiers who after many miseries and torments constantly endured for the Catholike faith deceased in the yeare 371. leauing behind him many excellent treatises which do sufficiently testifie his singular wisedome and learning Lions LIons is a rich and plentifull Cittie seated on a little neck or point of land between the two noble riuers Araeris Rhodanus now called Sosne and Rhosne We reade in Plutarch that Lucius Plancus Munatius hauing the conduct of some Romaine soldiers finding in this place the aire to be sweet and healthy the soyle pleasant and fruitfull the riuers so commodious for conueying thither all things necessarie from the territories neere adioyning hee layed here the foundation of this worthy cittie which dayly increasing in wealth and swarming with innumerable multitudes of Matchants grew to be so mighty and populous that Strabo reporteth it to haue beene in his time the most noble and opulent Cittie of all France Narbone onely excepted which in those daies was the most flourishing Emporie of that kingdome this cittie being about that time at the height of her glorie became a seate and habitation of the Romaine Princes who often forsooke Rome the garden of the world and onely paradise of earthly pleasures to recreate themselues therein About which time see how all mortall thinges are subiect to vicissitude and chaunge she seeming to haue aspired to
professed with great sinceritie and profoundnesse there are also continuall dayly exercises of Philosophie Phisicke and the Ciuill law Caen. AN Vniuersitie was erected at Caen in Normandie vpon this occasion Henry the fift king of England who subdued the kingdome of France and left the title to his posterity after many great and glorious conquests atchieued against the French king hee at last bereaued him of Normandy in the yeare 1418. In token and memorie of which victorie as an eternal trophie and monument of his glorie he caused to be laid in Caen the foundation of this vniuersitie Rhemes RHemes is a goodly cittie and the Metropolis of Champaigne wherein not long since was erected an Vniuersitie by the Prince Charles Guise Cardinall of Lorraine Archbishop Duke of Rhemes whose glorie and renowne dayly more and more encreaseth by reason of the arâ—s so learnedly there professed Of this citie was Bishop S. Remigius a man of most holy conuersation and excellently learned as by the Commentaries which he wrote vpon the old new Testament it euidently appeareth He baptized Clodouaeus a mightie and puissant king of Fraunce together with Chrâ—tildis his wife daughter to the king of Burgundie he died in his venerable old age in the yeare 498. Burdeux BVrdeux is the principall or head cittie of Aquitane called by the French men Guienne seated at the mouth of Garomne a mightie riuer issuing out of Languedoc It is a place of incredible antiquitie strongly fortified and beautified with many sumptuous edifices In this citie hath long flourished a most renowned vniuersity commonly called the schoole of Aquitaine where the Artes are publikely taught and professed from whence issued those mirrors of holinesse and learning Seuerinus Maximinus the one Bishop of Colen the other of Tryer both after their deathes canonized for Saintes Vnto this citie also resteth the worlde indebted for the birth education of Ausonius the Homer of these latter times Neere vnto this Citie on the waters side standeth a castle inexpugnable fortified beyond all credite comparison Tholouse IN the extreamest confines of Languedoâ— not farre distant from the Pyrenaean mountaines standeth Tholouse called by antique writers Teotosagum an auncient and goodly cittie built neere to the Riuer Garomne The first foundation whereof is referred to a certaine Trotane It was afterward amplified and enlarged by the Romaines Wee reade that Theodericus King of the Gothes and Thorismonde his sonne finding about this cittie a happie fertile soile enuironed with a sweete and holesome ayre chose the same for their habitation as the place of all France most pleasant and most opulent most fit for the preseruation and augmentation of their Empire whose posterity was afterwarde expelled of the Frenchmen with great difficultie It was raised to an Archbishopricke by Pope Iohn the 22. who also was the first institutor of the Vniuersity therein which as yet was erected not long after Paris so doth it enioy the same priuiledges that heretofore haue beene to Paris granted Saint Saturnine was the first Bishop thereof who afterward being with vnsufferable torments excruciated by the Pagans yeelded his soule into the hands of his Redeemer was in this cittie buried the reliques of whose body are by the inhabitantes often visited with great reuerence and deuotion There was sayde in times past to haue beene in this cittie a Temple wherein was continually reserued in secret vaultes and dungeons vnder ground as Poss donius sayeth 15000. talents of golde which if any man by chance had touched he shortlie after came to some vnfortunate end which was verified in Caepio other Roman captaines from whence proceedeth the prouerbe applyed commonlie to those whose attemptes are euer vnfortunate and without successe Aurum habet Tolosanum The Earle of Tholous is one of the twelue Peeres of France Nismes NIsmes called by Ptolomye Pomponius Mela trabo and other learned searchers of antiquities Nemansus is an antient Citty in Dolphine wherein was lately erected an Vniuersity The soyle in this prouince is of such incredible fertilitie that being with neuer so little labour mannured it bringeth forth sondry kinds of excellent fruites It hath such plentie of figge-trees and bringeth such aboundance of grapes that a greate parte of Europe is with figges and raisins from thence accommodated Mompehers MOns Pessulanus called of Pomponius Mela Mesua of Ptolomye Agathopolis and now vulgarly named Mompeliers is a cittie in Dolphinie not far distant from the Mediterranesea An Vniuersity was therein erected as some writers affirm in the yeare of our Lord 1196. which afterwarde was endued with many priuiledges by Pope Vrban the fift who layed the foundation of a goodlie house called Popes Colledge In times past the profession of Phisicke was there in greatest request but now the schooles of the ciuil law are most vsually frequented much was the Vniuersity augmented and promoted by the bounty and liberality of Henry the second king of France so great is the Rectors authority in this Vniuersity that whensoeuer he hath occasion to walke into the towne the studentes are bound to follow and attend him Henry the first granted to this Academic many royall praerogatiues and founded therein the Kings colledge here also is an other sayre and sumptuous colledge called Duuergier wherein sondry ingenious youthes are ten yeares trayned vp in letters and good discipline Bisanson NEare to the side of Doux or Doubis a small riuer passing through the French Counte and falling into the Sone standeth Bisanson a great goodly and well munited citcie a towne imperial and the Metropolis of eyther Burgundy In the yeare of saluation 1540. by the authority of Pope Iulâ—us the third and the Emperour Charles the 5. a new Vniuersity was therein erected which hath exceedingly since flourished and sent forth many learned and godly labourers into the Church The reuerend father Anthony Peronotus Archbishop of Mechlin was a great benefactor to this Academie who so desireth to know more particularities of this Cittie let him reade the workes of George Bruno and Gilbertus Cognatus Paradinus in whose bookes he shall finde the same at large described Dole IN Burgundy also on the banke of the said riuer Dubis is to bee seene Dola a cittie for strength opulencie and sumptuousnes of buildinges to bee preferred before all other places of Burgundy An Vniuersity is therin of great continuance wherin among many other sciences the ciuill law is most learnedly reade and professed The Vniuersities of Polonia Prussia and Lituania Cracouia WEe reade in the historie of Polonia that Lechus and Zechus two sons of Iauan going to seeke a place of habitation for themselues their posterity Zechus with his people remayned in those territories which now are knowne by the names of Bohemia and Morauia but Lechus proceeding further to the northeast some twelue dayes iorney there seated himselfe and called the region Polonia by reason of the playnenes of the continent being altogether
his birth and education S. Iago GAllicia is a region lying on the northwest side of Spaine and maketh a headland or promontarie farre out into the sea commonlie called Capo de finisterre or the north Cape which seemeth in a manner violentlie to seperate the sea of Bisca from the Isles of Bayona neare to the promontary standeth the cittie of Compostella vulgarly called S. Iago more noble and famous by reason of many pilgrimages made thether by persons of great place and qualitie then for any other matter worth the obseruing therin contayned We read in ancient histories of the church that S. Iames after theascention of our Sauior trauelled into Spain preached the Gospel to the inhabitaÌ„ts therof being as yet Pagans infidels But reaping there smal fruit of his excessiue labour paines by reason of the iniquitie and naughtinesse of those times he returned againe to Hierusalem where at the commandement of Herode being slaine he obtained a glorious crowne of martirdomes Vnto this Saint the Spaniards ascribing their first conuersion caused in honor and remembrance of him a rich and sumptuous temple to be erected in Compostella where his reliques are at this day visited with a wonderfull concourse of people and worshipped with incredible deuotion This Church was by Pope Calixtus the second highly aduanced and honored in the yeare of our Lord 1122. whence it proceedeth that this Church is immediately subiect vnto the Pope and to no other prelate or gouernor The Emperour Charles the great founded herein a goodly Colledge now gruerned after the rule of S. Isidore He also caused this Church to bee accounted among the seates Apostolique where is to bee vnderstood that in Christendome are three seates called Apostolique which before all other places of the worlde the Christian religion hath alwaies held in greater esteeme that is to say S. Peters at Rome S. Iohns at Ephesus and S. Iames at Ceâ—postella This cittie of ancient historiographers was called in time passed Brigantium from whence the Irish nation the Scots in Galloway our Northerne Yorkeshire men called in old authors Brigantes glory boast that they haue receiued the first originall of their race Valladolit ON the East side of Gallicia bordereth the kingdome of Legio which endured the cruell and heauie yoke of seruitude vnder the Sarracens aboue three hundred yeares and was restored vnto libertie in the yeare of grace 1216. by the kinges of Arragon Castile Portugall and Nauarre who assembling a mightie and puissant armie made here against Hilminolmius the king of the Moores returning from Auinion in Fraunce whither hee passed before as a conquerour harrying and spoiling the countrey as hee went with fire and sword and after a sharpe and bloudy battell vanquished his armie and recouered this kingdome In this realme is Valladolit named in olde authors Pintia a cittie though of no great circuite nor spaciousnesse yet of much and long antiquitie It was wont to be numbred among the seuen most auncient vniuersities of Spaine It hath beene long drowned in obscuritie euen vntill the dayes of king Phillip late deceased who because he was there borne did restore vnto it the antique priuiledges and prerogatiues thereto belonging and did his vttermost endeuors to raise it to his former dignitie He there hath lately erected a Colledge for the institution of yong English Gentlemen which haue abandoned their countrey Alcala de Henares VNto the kingdome of Legio is adioyned Caslile an Earledome which was by Ferdinand the third sonne to the Earle of Castile raised to a kingdome in the yeare 1017. vnited to the realme of Legio Among many great and goodly cities in that kingdome Complute which of the Spaniard is commonly called Alcala de Henares is not the meanest An vniuersitie was herein erected and instituted by an Archbishop of Toledo named Franciscus Xinerieâ—sis who was by profession a Franciscan Frier in the yeare 1317. Salamanca IN this kingdome of Castile lyeth that worthy and famous cittie Salamanca situated on the banke of the Riuer Thormes which falleth into the maine Riuer Duero in Portingall Although concerning the first erection and institution of this vniuersitie few writers as saith Sarabellus affirme any thing for certainetie yet are there not wanting some which hold for vndoubted truth that it first was founded in the yeare of Christs in carnation 1404. which in these our daies hath gotten great fame and credite and is well knowne throughout Christendome by reason of diuers and sundry priuiledges wherewith many kings and high Bishoppes of Rome haue liberally adorned the same Pope Clement the sift in a councell held at Vienna made a decree that the Hebrewe Arabicke and Chaldie tongus should in this Academie be continually taught Iohn Goropius affirmeth that for magnificent and sumptuously builded colledges scarce any vniuersitie of Europe may therewith worthely be paragond The which Pope hauing in his court certaine young Gentlemen of Spaine which he desired should bee trained vp in some place where they most might profit in vertue and good literature thought no Academie in Christendome so fit for that purpose as Salamanca because all kind of learning was there by most excellent men with incredible industrie professed In this Academie Pope Adrian the sixt before his Papacie liuing in Spaine tooke great pleasure and delight and after his election he held it in great price and estimation adorning amplifying and authorizing the same with many great and vnusuall prerogatiues Ignatius Loyola first founder of the societie of Iesu was in this vniuersitie a student Saragossa IN the extreamest confines of this kingdome of Castile euen on the banke or shore of the riuer Ebro wherewith it is diuided from Nauarre and Aragon standeth an auncient Cittie called of the Romaines Caesaraugustana or Augusta Caesariae which of the inhabitants is named Saragossa wherein the kings of Arragon are vsually accustomed to be crowned This Church was by Pope Iohn the 22. who was alwaies thereunto exceedingly well affected eleuared to the dignitie of an Archbishopricke by him also were the priuiledges of the vniuersitie restored and ratified Because in this Cittie had beene shed the bloud of many holy Martirs which suffered for the constant profession of the Christian faith during the raigne of those bloudie vnmercifull and impiously tirannous idolaters Datian and Richiouarus whose inexpleble thirst was neuer satiated with the bloude of innocent Christians it is at this day commonly entituled Saragossa the holy Siguença SIguença is also a cittie of Castile lying three daies iourney from Saragossa and three leagues from Medinacoeli wherein is an vniuersitie much frequented but concerning the foundation thereof or donation of the priuiledges thereto I haue not in any author read ought which I dare set downe for certainty Lerida ARragone is that part of Spaine which lyeth at the foote of the Pyraenean mountaine betweene Nauarre and Catallonia and is separated
are sondry opinions Lelandus imagineth that it first was called Ouseforde from the riuer Ouse in Latine Isis but the most true and probable coniecture is that it was named of the Saxons Oxenford in the same sense that the Grecians named their Bosphoros and the Germans Ochensfurt a cittie standing at this day on the banke of the riuer Odor from a fourde or shallownes of the riuer in that place through the which cattell might safelie passe for which cause it is at this day of the auncient Brittaines called in their language Rhyddichen We find written in our chronicles that this cittie was in the time of the Brittaines the first inhabitantes of this Iland consecrated vnto the Muses whose names and memorie were afterwarde during the furie of the Saxon warres therein vtterly extinguished and the cittie much obscured knowne onelie for certaine Reliques of S. Frideswid a religious Votaresse therein reserued and with much deuotion often visited But in succession of time 873. yeares after our Sauiours incarnation Alfred a holy and religious Saxon king restored againe the Muses to their former dignity which had beene thence so long exiled who the better to encourage their abode therein caused three colledges to bee erected one for Grammarians another for Philosophers and a thirde for professors of Diuinity but this felicity not long endured for the Danes in the time of Ethelred consuming all with fire and sworde burned a great parte of the cittie and not long after Harald Lightfoote exercised in the same such immane and batbarous cruelties that the students flying from their colledges and habitations left the Vniuersity desolate and forsaken in which estate it remayned vntill William the Norman by his conquering arme obtayned the regal Diadem after which prince his entrance Robert de Oilgi a Gentleman of Normandie in guerdon of his valour trauell and expence receyuing of the Conquerour a grant of certaine landes neare the wals of this citty erected at the west end thereof a strong well fortified castell which after was by king Stephen during the warres betweene him and Maude the Empresse long in vaine besidged hee also as some thinke enuironed Oxford with a wall which now by long continuance is decayed Robert his brothers sonne in the yeare 1130. founded neare vnto this cittie a spatious and goodly Priorie which from the riuer before mentioned enuironing the same hee called Ousney the ruines of whose walles remain onely at this day to be seene in these times the cittie being againe with many fayre and goodly aedifices adorned newly beganne to flourish and great multitudes of students from euery parte and corner of the realme for their better encrease in learning beganne to repayr thether and now the fountaines of the Muses which had long seemed to be drie or stopped vp were againe all obstructions of Barbarisme being taken away opened and reuiued for the which much doth this noble Vniuersity remaine indebted to the worthy memorie of Robert Polenius a learned man by whose onely laborius and painefull industry it hath recouered the place and dignity which at this day it holdeth among other Academies in our Christian world vnto so happie effect did sorte the labours of this worthy man that in the raigue of king Iohn three thousand studentes were numbred in this Vniuersity All which in short time after departed some to Reading and some to Cambridge for certaine iniutious wronges offered vnto them by the Cittizens which dissention being not long after againe appeased they all returned others affirme the cause of this secession to haue beene because the king caused three students to be apprehended in their colledges presently hanged for the murther of a certaine woman of which fact they all were innocent and guiltlesse Not long after I mean in the times of the next succeeding princes sondrie vertuous and well disposed persons beganne to lay the foundations of diuers goodly Colledges intending therby to leaue some monument of their name and worthinesse to all posterities by whose example since many famous princes and reuerent Prelates haue beene excited to doe the like so that it comprehendeth at this daye sixteene fayre and goodly Colledges all endued with large tenements possessions and eight Hals Merton Colledge was in the time of Henry the thirde or as others write in the beginning of Edward the first founded by Walter Merton sometime Canon of Salisbury and after Bishop of Rochester Not long after or as some think before during the raigne of William the Conquerour was the auncient foundatiō of holy Alfred renued by one William Archdeacon or as other say Bishop of Durisme and called Vniuersity Colledge In the yeare of our Sauiours incarnation 1263 during the raigne of Edwarde the first was founded Balioll Colledge by Iohn Balioll king of Scots or rather as others imagine his parents Iohn and Deruorguidis about this time as writeth Armachanus were numbred in Oxford 30000 students In the yeare from our Sauiours Natiuity 1126. in the time of Edward the second Walter Stapleton Bishop of Excester layed the foundation of Excester Colledge and Hart hall which Colledge lately hath beene much augmented in the days of our Soueraign Lady Queen Elizabeth by Sir William Peter knight King Edward the second desirous to imitate the worthy example of this reuerend Praelate erected Oriall Colledge so called because it was indeede a worke which most worthily might beseeme a king thereto he added S. Mary hall Lady Philip wife vnto king Edwarde the thirde layed the foundation of a goodly Colledge which shee named the Queenes Colledge about the year of our Lord 1340. William Wicham a famous and worthy Prelate for his singular wisedome highly esteemed of king Edwarde the third and by his meanes made Bishoppe of Winchester in the yeare 1358. layed in Oxford the foundation of a magnificent and sumptuous colledge now called New Colledge into the which yearely are sent many rare and excellent wits from the Colledge neare Winchester a most sertile Seminarie of good letters founded by that thrice worthy Bishoppe and by him committed to the tutele and protection of the blessed Virgin Mary Richard Fleming Bishoppe of Lincolne in the dayes of Henry the fift about the yeare of our Lorde one thousand foure hundred and thirty founded Lincolne Colledge which was afterward in Richarde the thirdes time in the yeare of our Lord 1479. by Thomas Rotheram Bishoppe of the same sea much augmented and encreased Henry Chichley Archbishoppe of Canterburie in the yeare 1439. layed in Oxforde the foundation of two goodly Colledges the one dedicated to the memory of all soules the other to S. Bernard which being afterwarde suppressed by king Henry the eight was of late in the raigne of Queene Mary restored and reedified by Sir Thomas White Lord Maior of London and by him named S. Iohns Colledge Durin the raigne of Henry the sixt about the yeare of our Lord 145◠William
as those of the other Colledge are called Thomists for religiously obseruing the doctrine of Saint Thomas of Aquine The third Colledge in times passed was called Cucanum but is now named Nouum Coronarum gymnasium wherein the Iesuites are placed The Artists haue also a godly Colledge in S. Gereons streete called Rubra Porta There is also in Colen another faire well adorned Colledge called Schola trilinguis wherein the three sacred tongues Hebrew Greeke Latine together with the artes Rhetorique and the Mathematikes are taught with great industrie and elegancie Three things there are in Colin whereby the Citie is especially beautified namely the Senate the Clergie and the Vniuersitie The Senate of this place for grauitie opâ—lencie and maiestie farre surmounteth all other Cities in the world In no place of Christendome may be found a better adorned or more flourishing estate of Clergie men whether you consider their nobility of birth their profoundnes in learning their pietie in manners or their opulence and aboundant riches In the Cathedrall Church a place most sumptuous magnificent are enshrined the bodies of the three Kings which by the direction of a star were led from out the East to Bethleem where they did worship adore our sauiour immediatly after his hatiuity Therein also are reserued the reliques of 11000. virgines which for the constant confession of their faith did in the time of persecution suffer martyrdome Besides this place there are other Collegiat Churches of Canons There are moreouer 19. parish Churches besides many Cloisters Monasteries and Nunneries The Archbishop of Colen is a Prince elector of the Romaine Empire Chancelor of Italie Duke of Westphalia and Angaria which Sea since the reuolt of Truchses late Archbishop thereof hath beene gouerned by Ernestus Duke of Bauaria and Palatine of Rhene which Prelate by reason of the amplenes and great circuite of his diocesse being himselfe not able to discharge all matters belonging to his function hee hath his Vicar or Suffragane the Bishop of Gyâ—ene Many intestine seditions and ciuill discordes did long hinder the prosperitie of this famous citie As for example in the yeare 1074. the Bishop vsurping in the cittie too much secular authoritie seemed to diminish abrogate the libertie of the citizens wherefore they betaking themselues to armes expulsed him thence and recouered their libertie Which indignitie the Bishop desirous to reuenge gathered immediately a puissant armie of countrey pesants in the territories adioyning thereunto and set forth vpon the citizens vnawares who suspecting no such thing were suddenly surprised and their citie miserably ransacked After in the yeare 1236. Engelbertus Archbishop of Colen exercised the censure of the church against a certaine Earle called Frederike for many wrongs and violences by him offered to the clergie which Earle being enflamed with the desire of some bitter reuenge one day as the Bishop came into the countrey to consecrate a certaine church he with many of his followers armed set vpon him and with 28. mortall wounds murdered him in the place For which impious murther Henry his successor tooke of this Earle a most sharpe and bloudy reuenge for raysing a great power he made vpon him fierce and cruell warre ouerthrew his holds and fortresses and in fine tooke his person which he carried prisoner to Colen and there put him to a most shamefull death breaking all his bones a sunder and casting his dead carkase on a wheele there to bee deuoured by the fowles of the aire The brothers of this Earle ceased not to vse the vttermost of their endeuours in reuenge of their brothers death This hatred and enmitie continued betweene the elergie and 〈◊〉 implacable vntill the time of 〈◊〉 their Archbishoppe who entreated of the Emperour the restitution of the citie which if the citizens would denie he desired they might bring the keyes thereof two miles from the towne where hee would bee contented to make triall of his title by dint of sword Which condition the townes men willingly accepting brought the keyes thereof in a wagon to a little village called Woringen where by their prowesse and manhood they recouered quiet possession of this Citie which vnto this day is free and gouerned by the Senate In Colen as we reade was held a councell about the yeare 34â— vnder Constantius the Emperour and Pope Iulius against Euphrata an Arrian heretike who denied the diuinitie of Christ. There were in this councell twentie holy and learned Bishops and fathers among whom was S. Seruatius by whose sentence iudgement the said heretike Euphrata was condemned and depriued of his bishopricke which was afterward giuen to S. Seuerine Basile BAsile is a mightie cittie of great note fame situated on both sides of the Rhene which maketh therof as it were two seueral townes the one lying in a valley betweene two hils is watered with a little brooke called Byrseca and is named great Basile the other called little Basile lyeth on the South side of the riuer in a plaine champion Concerning the originall thereof some are of opinion that it was first builded in the yeare after Christ 382. during the raignes of the Emperours Gratian and Valentinian But Annianus Marcellinus who seruing vnder Iulian the Apostata in his warres wrote with great diligence whatsoeuer hee saw and obserued proueth this to be a meere imagination of men for in his 30. booke of histories he maketh mention of a certaine fortresse erected by Gratian against the Germaines not farre from Basile Whereby it may appeare that in Germany was a cittie so called before Gratians time Concerning the name thereof some write but without either proof or authoritie that it was deriued from a Basiliske which haunting the woods deserts thereabout did much annoy the countrey before the citie was there erected Other imagine that it was first called Passell from the passages that were in that place ouer the Rhene But Annianus Marcellinus plainely sheweth the name thereof to be deriued from the Greeke word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifieth a kingdome because it is in deed a royall citie seated in a princely place Some affirme that Panthalus was the first Bishop of Basile about the same time that the 11000. virgines suffered martyrdome but of the truth of this history many doubt For certaine wee find that in the yeare 740. in the time of Pipin father to Charles the great Walanus was possessed of this bishopricke In the yeare 897. was this cittie by the Hunnes vtterly destroyed at what time they passed with a puissant armie through Almaigne into Burgundie and Fraunce it was againe restored by Henrie the holy Emperour of the Romaines who also reedified the cathedrall Church and gaue vnto the same goodly tenements and possessions Although concerning the erection of this vniuersitie as for the most parte of all others historiographers doe among themselues exceedingly disagree yet in
decide the controuersie depending betweene Henry the Emperour and the Bishop of Rome which Emperor because he would not ratifie or allow of certaine of the Popes actes was by him thrise excommunicated Wirtsburg WIrtsburg is a beautifull and well adorned citie built in forme of an halfe Moone on the banke of the Meine almost in the verie center of Franconia Concerning the first originall foundation of this cittie the most learned antiquaries set nothing downe for certaine Some say that the Grecians at their returne from Troy being wearied with their long and redious wandring in the Ocean arriued at last neere to the mouth of the Rheine searching the secrets of which riuer they at last entred the Meine and came vnto this place where they erected a Cittie which from their God Herebus to whome they there offered sacrifice they named Herebipolis but this opinion Tacitus reiecteth as vaine and fabulous Whensoeuer therefore or by whom soeuer this citie first was founded this much we find for certaine that it was then a cittie when that holy and learned father S. Khilian conuerted the Franconians to the Christian faith which was about the yeare 686. The antiquitie thereof was made manifest by certaine images of idols digged out of the Meine when the foundation of the new bridge was laide which were cast into the riuer by the Franconians when they first embraced the Christian religion Concerning the etimologie of the name thereof there are sundry opinions It was called of the ancient inhabitantes Wirtsburge which Iohannes Gallicus in certaine Hymnes and Sonets of S. Khilian by himselfe set forth about the yeare 1150. desiring to conuert into a good Latine worde called Herbipolis was deceiued as it should seeme by the equiuocation of the two Dutch wordes Wirtes and Wurtes the one of them signifying an hearbe or roote the other muste or new wine from which men thinke the cittie rather to haue taken his name because the territorie of Franconia yeeldeth wine in greater aboundance then any other Prouince of Germany Conradus Celtis a Poet of that country calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 alluding vnto Herebus the idole of the Grecians which before I mentioned The situation of this towne is in a plaine valley enuironed about with greene medowes pleasant gardens and fruitfull vineyardes It is within replenished with many stately and magnificent temples and also pompously adorned with a great number of goodly and sumptuous edifices of priuate citizens On the other side of the Meine is a pleasant mountaine on the highest top whereof is erected our Ladies castell a place of most impregnable strength and curious architecture S. Boniface Archbishop of Ments erected in this citie a Bishops sea wherein hee placed Burcharde an Englishman and descended of a noble family vpon whom Charles the great or as others say king Pipine bestowed the Dukedome of Franconia which before belonged to Gozbertus by whose concubine Kisila or as some write Geilana S. Khilian was martired because he perswaded the Duke to forsake his incestuous life with her which before had beene his brothers wife This Bishop first laide the foundation of the cathedrall church in this cittie dedicated to our Sauiour whereunto belong 54. Canons commonly called Domeherne that is to say Lordes of the house into which societie can no man bee admitted that is not descended from some noble and auncient family in Germany for the confirmation whereof he must bring witnesses of honest life and noble parentage to bee sworne before his admittance This Church was reedified and augmented by Arnus Gotebaldus the tenth Bishop thereof a man of excellent wisedome integritie who going with Arnolphus the Emperour against Zwentebaldus Duke of Morauia was in the campe slaine by the enemies as hee was celebrating Masse at the aultar During the time of Embricus the 27. Bishop of this Citie was assembled there a generall councell at the commandement of Lotharius the second wherein Pope Anacletus was deposed and Innocentius confirmed and acknowledged for the true and legitimate successor in S. Peters chaire This Bishop erected and instituted that famous monasterie Ebrach wherein with many rites and solemne ceremonies is enterred before the high aultar the hart of euery Bishop of Wirtsburge deceased In the yeare 1168. Fredericke Barbarossa confirmed vnto Harold the 31. Bishop of this Citie and to his successors the Dukedome of Franconia before giuen them by Charles the great since whose time the Bishops in all solemne feasts and publike conuentions haue a sword carried before them in token of their regained Dukedome In the yeare of saluation 1403. Iohn the 2. of that name and 55. Bishop of Wirtsburge instituted therein an vniuersitie priuiledged and authorized by Pope Boniface the 9. and called thither out of the most renowned schools of Christendome diuers learned professors of Philosophie Diuinitie the other inferior studies but not long after the decease of this Bishop the Cleargie and commonaltie falling into great contentions and discord the one prosecuting the other with more thē capitall hatred the students for the most part prouiding for their safetie quietnes departed to Erford wherby the vniuersity seemed to decline towards an end before it fully had receiued his beginning But the same was lately restored by the reuerend father renowned prince Iulius de Echteren by whose aide authoritie it hath againe recouered the antique splendor and dignitie it before enioyed For the better augmentation thereof he assigned in the Cittie two goodly Colledges to the Iesuites which are by him liberally prouided for hee graced and adorned the studentes and professors therein with many ample priuiledges graunted by Pope Gregorie the 13. and Maximilian the 2. Emperour of the Romaines This Prince is of so great authoritie and puissance that in the yeare 1591. when the Royters and forces of Germany would haue passed through his territorie to the aide of Henry then king of Nauarre now king of Fraunce he stoutly forbad them boldly letting them vnderstand that if they attempted to march that way he with his owne forces would encounter them Because the rites and ceremonies vsed by the Franconians and citizens of Wirtsburge as well after the election consecration as in the sepulture and funerals of their prince are somewhat rare and vnusuall I haue thought good for the readers recreation briefly to write somewhat of eyther of them When the new elected Bishop intendeth to take possession of his episcopall chaire he approcheth neere vnto the cittie on horseback in great pompe glory accompanied with al the nobility of the country wherunto being admitted he is dispoiled of his robes habilements and led by the 4. Earles officials of the Dukedome that is to say the Earles of Hennenberge Castell Wertheim and Rheineck from the bridge porte through the market place bare headed and bare legged in vile and base clothing girt with a corde in which
order he proceedeth euen vnto the entrance or porch of the cathedrall Church where the clergie meeting him demand of him by their Deane what he desireth who answereth that hee being most vnworthy is there at hand readie to vndertake and with all diligence to execute that charge whereunto he is called Vnto whom the Deane immediately replyeth I in the name of the whole Chapter commit vnto thy care and charge this church of our Sauiour and the Dukedome thereunto belonging In the name of the Father of the Son and of the holy Ghost Amen Whereupon hee presently followeth the Cleargie returning into the church where putting on his pontificall ornamentes he is present at diuine seruice which ceremonies being finished he departeth accompanied with the clergie such neighbour princes as had beene purposely inuited together with the principal men chiefe nobilitie of Franconia towards our Ladies castle which hauing entred he casteth gold and siluer vp downe in great aboundance and entertaineth the whole companie with a most royal bountifull costly banquet Againe when the same Prelate departeth this life his bodie presently is opened his bowels taken thence are buried with great solemnitie in the Chappell of our Ladies castell on the hill his hart is apart reserued in a glassen vessell prepared for that purpose The day following the corse adorned with the pontificall robes is laid vpon a rich and costly beere hauing in the one hand his crozier staffe as a Bishop in the other a sword in token of his Dukedome he is catied with great pompe and maiestie from the castle to Saint Iames his monasterie which is without the towne in the farther side of the Meine where that night he remaineth the next day with great solemnitie and many ceremonies hee is conueied ouer the bridge into the towne and through the market place into the Cathedrall Church where for that night it resteth the Cleargie enuironing the hearse with many Psalmes and orisons expect the ensuing morning which being come they remoue the corps into the temple of the new monasterie where after many Dirges prayers for the saluation of his soule the same is againe reduced into the Cathedrall Church where in his Episcopall attire with a naked sword in his hand he is at length enterred his heart is laide in a wagon and with an honorable conuoy of knights brought to the Cloyster of Ebrach where by the Abbot Monks it is with great honour laide into the ground before the high Altar Trier TRier is a goodly Citie on the banke of the Riuer Mosell exceeding famous as wel for the incredible antiquitie thereof as for sundry notable gests exploits by the inhabitants atchieued performed It is as Eneas Siluius writeth 1300 yeares ancienter then Rome and was founded in the time of Abraham 1947. yeres before the comming of Christ by Trebeta the sonne of Ninus which was founde engraued on a stone in the yeare of grace 1200. They say that Trebeta being wrongfully excluded from the kingdome of Babilon by his mother in law Semiramis when she vsurped the rule gouernment of the realme after long and tedious trauaile endured on the seas arriued at last at the mouth of the Rheine and passing vp the riuer hee entred the Mosell where finding a sweet and pleasant valley he there remained and began to build a cittie which after his owne name he called Treberis In the Cathedrall Church of Trier in an old peece of tapestrie is to be seene the type and figure of this citie wrought with cunning artifice and great curiousnesse and about the same in great letters ALTERA ROMA Vnderneath the which are these verses following Nini Semiramis quae tanto coniuge foelix Plurima possedit sedplura prioribus addit Non contenta suis nec totis finibus orbis Expulit è patrio priuignum Trebetam solo Insignem profugus nostram qui condidit vrbem Which may thus be englished Semiramis great Ninus wife so happie in her chance Possessing much desired more her glory to aduance The world her mind could not content much lesse one kingdomes bound Wherefore she chased Trebeta far froÌ„ his natiue ground Who liuing here in exile did this famous Citie found Wherefore it is euident that this Citie may more iustly glory in her antiquitie then in any other in all Germany It was first conuerted vnto Christianitie by Saint Materne the disciple of Saint Peter and his companions Eucharius and Valerius Marcellinus calleth this Citie Clarum domicilium Principum because that Constantine etected therein a most royall and sum ptuous pallace the ruine whereof are at this day visible Wherein it is credible that the succeeding Emperors of the Romaines had often their residence Trier was in Iulius Caesars time a most warlike Citie furnished continually as himselfe writeth with more troupes of horse and squadrons of footmen then any other Citie or region of Fraunce The vniuersitie in this citie is thought to be one of the oldest Academies in Europe but when it was first erected I cannot reade neither haue the citizens any recorde thereof by reason of the manifold and often chaunges their citie hath endured For Saluianus Bishop of Marseile in his sixt booke of the true iudgement and prouidence of God writing much of the magnificencie and opulencie of this citie seemeth at last with great griefe and anguish of mind to bewaile and lament the drunkennesse gluttonie and lasciuious dissolute liues of the inhabitants which he imputeth to be the cause why their citie was foure times ouerthrowen and ransacked Vidiego Triuires saith he virosetiam sublimes calamitatibus suis factos peiores Lugubre est referre quae vidimus senes honor atos Christianos immineÌ„te iam ciuitatis excidio gulae ac lasciuiae seruientes Iacebant in conuiuijs obliti honoris oblitiaetatis professionis nominis sui Principes ciuitatic cibo confects in vâ—nolentia dissoluti clamoribus rabidi bacehatione suriosi c. Et cùm haec ita essent plus multo est quod dicturus sum finem perditioni huic nec ciuitatis excidiasecerunt nam expugnata est quater vrbs GalloruÌ„ Treuiris opulentissima c. For this cause also we cannot learne who first instituted the Archiepiscopall dignity in this Cittie being one of the greatest and most ancient Archbishoprickes of Germany That all studies vniuersally did in this citie flourish in the time of Gratian the Emperour appeareth manifestly by an epistle written from the saide Emperour to Antonius Prefect and Regent of Gaule where hauing set down donations of prouision for sundry Vniuersities hee allotted greater proportion to Tryer then to any of the rest because therein remained a greater number of students and professors Which Vniuersity being by the Vicissitude and iniury of time exceedingly decayed was by the reuerend Fathers Iohannes de Lapide Iacobus ab Else and Iobannes Hugo late Archbishops thereof againe restored who therein placed
the Iesuites which with great labour industry and diligence doe there professe the Arts. The manners of the inhabitantes are for the most parte sower and seuere their complexion inclining to Melancholy whereof Ausonius writeth among many other thinges in commendation of the Treuiri in this manner Quin etiam moreâ— laetum fronte seuera Ingenium natura suis concessit alumnis The ayre hereabout is commonly cloudy and often subiect to rayne wherefore the city in derision is vsually called Cloaca Planetarum Heidelberge HEidelberge is the metropolis of the Phaltes or Palatinacy of Rheine wherein the Phalsgraues or Countes Palatines continually holde their courtes and residence Some are of opinion that this cittie receiued his name from the colony of the Gentiles which in the German tongue are called Heyden Others there are which affirme that it should be written EÃ elberge that is to say a noble hill from the situation thereof which is on the side of a pleasant mountain from whence the Neccar springing descendeth into the playn and champion countries the land therabout is exceeding fruitfull and bringeth forth great store and plenty of wine oyle corne chestnuts and such like fruites This city together with the whole country adioyning is gouerned by the Rheingraues or Countes Palatines of Rheine who by succession doe hold the first chiefest place among the secular Electors of the Empire The first of the Palatines that aspired to that dignity was Sifridus who liued in the raigne of Otho the third this Emperour being well striken in yeares and hauing no issue to inherite the Emperiall Diademe after his decease desiring before his death to establish the Empire which he foresaw wold after his departure by the ambition of many competitors be much molested and endamaged by Ambassadors made earnest suite vnto the Pope that certaine princes might be ordayned constituted which should haue full power and absolute authority to elect the Roman Emperour vnto which his so lawfull and reasonable request the Pope condescending there were nominated 7. princes 3. spirituall that is to say the Archbishops of Ments Colen Trier and 4. temporall the king of Bohemia the Phaltsgraue of Rheine the Marquesse of Brandeburge the Duke of â—axony Sifridus therefore the Palatine being chosen amongst the rest liued not long after but deceased before he could make any benefite of his new authority In his place succeeded Henry his son by whose meanes Henry after called the holy the husband of his sister S. Kunegundis was chosen Emperour in the yeare of our Lord 1003. Rupertus the 10. Palatine of Rheine after the separation of the Dukedome of Bauaria from the Palatinacie receyuing the administration of the gouernment from his brother Adolphus a man of too small iudgement and weake vnderstanding to direct the helme of so great a charge erected in this citie an Vniuersity which in succession of time grew to be reckoned among the most worthy and famous Nurseries of the arts At the same time also that is to say in the year 1346. was by the same Earle founded a Church and Colledge of priestes in the newe towne wherein he lyeth buried The Abbot of Spanheyme discoursing of ecclesiasticall writers maketh mention of one Marsilius de Ingen whome some imagine to haue beene an Englishman as the first planter of this Academy Pope Vrban the sixt confirmed the same with the priueledges prerogatiues of Parise Many learned men hath this Academy fostered in our age sent into the world as Iohannes Dalburgius Rudolphus Agricola Iohannes Virdungus with many others which left behinde them sondrie monumentes of their greate wisedome and learning Also in this Vniuersity did that iudustrious and excellently learned scholler Sebastian Munster publikely professe the Hebrew tongue Tubinge TVbinge is a small citty in the Dukedome of Wirtenberge situated on the higher side of the Necchar and was in times past the principall seate and habitation of the Countes Palatines of Tubinge which now for the most parte reside in Leichtenecke a strong and goodly castell in Brisgewe not farre from Kentzigen In the yeare 1477. at the instance and most earnest entreaty of Eberhard the elder Earle of Wirtenberge and Mompelgard and his mother Mechâ—ildis the Pope licensed and authorized in this citty a generall profession of the liberall arts which Academy yet maintayneth well his place and dignity among the most learned and florishing Vniuersities of Germany Many excellent learned schollers haue issued from this Vniuersitie among the which most worthily may bee numbred Iohn Stoflerus a sage and profound Mathematician who did write a learned Treatise of Astronomy This cittie as I saide bordereth on the Necchar and lyeth in the middest of a most pleasant and fertile soyle which yeeldeth vnto the inhabitants wine corn and other necessarie prouisions in great plenty and aboundance The towne being before the erection of the Vniuersity therein in great want and pouerty and the houses meanely builded without eyther cost or curiousnes is now growne to that wealth and opulencie that for artificiall and well proportioned aedifices it may and not vnworthily be compared to the proudest cittie of the Germans It contayneth a magnificent most sumptuous Castell standing on the toppe of a mountayne strongly sortified beyond all credite and comparison Ingolestate INgolestate is a strong citty in the Dukedome of Bauaria lying neare vnto the Danon the greatest swiftest and most famous riuer of Christendome which passing with a violent current through Germany Hungary and Moldauia finally disgorgeth it selfe into the Euxine sea This cittie earst belonged to the Monastery of Altach and was by free gift deliuered vnto Lewes the last king of Bauaria since whose time it hath alwaies beene gouerned by his successors the Dukes of Bauaria and by little and little hath beene by them so mightily encreased that within those fifty yeares last passed what with the magnificence of the Dukes and priuiledges of the Popes it is become the most excellent and renowned Vniuersity of the vpper partes of Germany The Vniuersity was first instituted by Lewes the D. in the yeare of saluation 1471. and is at this day fauoured defended and mightily enriched by Aâ—bertus the moderne Duke thereof who hath builte therein not onely a peculiar colledge for the publique profession of Diuinity but also a fayre and goodly schoole for the education of youth wherein the Iesuites professe Rhetorique Philosophy and the Liberall Artes. Pope Pius the second adorned the same with many priuiledges and prerogatiues Straâ—o writeth that Bauaria is a region sterill desert and vnfruitfull which perchance in his time was so for want of being well inhabited assuredly at this day it is one of the most happie and plentifullest prouinces of Germany whence it commeth to passe that the studentes of Ingolestate are better accommodated and do liue with lesse expence then they well coulde in any other place of Christendome that
I haue seene or reade of from whence also it proceedeth that the dyet or great assembly of the German princes is most vsually held in Regensburge another cittie of Bauaria one dayes iorney distant from Ingolestate wherein I my selfe liued eight weekes in the yeare of our Lorde 1594. when the Emperour with all his traine and the most parte of the greatest princes of Germany remayned in the towne many of them with three thousand and foure thousand horse apeece yet was there neuer found any want or scarsitie of victuals therein nor the price of corne or any other prouision in the market any one iot enhaunced wine onely excepted of which the country yeeldeth no great aboundance but that want is by the Rheine and Mecchar supplyed for the possession of this city was that calamitous and bloudy warre raysed remembred yet by the name of bellum Bauaricum which so much troubled all the prouinces of Germany in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and foure Erforde ERforde called of ancient writers Erphelfurt is the metropolis of Thuring an old and memorable citty abounding with wine corne and other necessaries In the middest of this cittie ariseth a little mountain called S. Peters hill wherein in times passed stood a goodly castell in the place whereof Dagobertus king of France founded a cloyster for Fryers of the order of S. Benedict which was consecrated to S. Peter after him Boniface Archbishop of Ments layed the foundation of our Ladies Church on the same hil and erected there a Bishopricke euen in the infancie of the Gospell among the Germans as plainly appeareth in an Epistle of his which he wrote to Zachary high Bishop of Rome Scias sayeth hee per gratiam Dei Germaniae populum adviam veritatis reductum ordinauimusque apud eos tres episcopos vnum locauimus in Castellum Wirtzburge alterum in Buraburge tertium in Euphesfurt In this church is a bell of most huge and incredible circumference which the Citizens shewe to all straungers repayring thether as the thinges most remarkable in their Cittie about the yeare 1066. was this Cittie first enuyroned with a Wall and fortified with Towers and beautified with manie rich and sumptuous aedifices both diuine and prophane at which time it was made the metropolis of Thuringe because it lyeth in the middest thereof An Vniuersity was therein instituted in the yeare 1391. which with many priuiledges confirmed authorized by Pope Boniface the 9. Pius the 2. In this Academy haue liued many sage men much renowned for their singular learning among the which are numbred Nicholaus de Bibera Henricus de Erfordia Conradus de monte puellarum and many others When the German professors oppressed by the multitude of Hussites departed from Prage many of them retyred themselues to Erforde There is no citty in Europe hath so often made experience of the calamities and irreparable damages which fire vsually bringeth with it as Erforde hauing many times therewithall beene vtterly wasted and consumed The last fire therein happened in the year 1392. on the festiuall day of S. Geruasius whereby the third part of the cittie perished which incredible losse it is not yet recouered of for at my being there some 5â— yeares since it was scarsely with low and slender buildinges of wood reedified Out of this Vniuersity issued Martin Luther Leiptzige Liptzige is a citty as some say in Ostland others would haue it to lye in Misina both territories now gouerned by the noble and puislant Family of Saxony thogh of no great circuite yet for pride and statelines of building and excessiue traffique of Merchants scarce inferior to the best adorned citty of Germany three times euery year are therein held certaine famous Martes or Fayres whereof one writeth saying Mercibus augetur ter Lipsia magna quotannis The houses of this citty are re ared al of free stone within richly paued and without curiously paynted with great artifice and maiestie the streetes are builded in excellent proportion and vniformitie The Senate hereof consisteth not as in other cities of mechanicall and vnlearned citizens but of men skilfull and well seene in the artes who haue full power and authority to heare decide and determine of all lites causes and controuersies depending in Meissen Thuringe and the nether Sazonie About the yeare 1480. when the Hussites began to domineere tirannize in Prage then was the vniuersitie from thence remoued hither and the yeare following confirmed by Pope Pius the 2. and Alexander the 5. It was afterward much augmented and repaired by the worthy Prince George Duke of Sazonie in the yeare 1554. This Vniuersitie at this day most exceedingly flourisheth through the innumerable multitudes of Germaine students which dayly repaire thither because they liue therein with lesse charge and expence then in any other citie by reason of the admirable fertilitie of the soyle whereof one saith Gratus immenso lucro concredita terrae Semina reddit ager The inhabitants of this Citie haue one innated vncorrigible vice which custome hath drawen into a nature amongst them that is they almost continually wallow in immoderate drunkennesse in so much that he which can euacuate the greatest number of pottes and can in receiuing his drinke hold out longest without any swimming or perturbation in his braine is accounted a personage among them of greatest qualitie and worth Enaeas Siluius writeth that when one Leonardus a noble gentleman came to visite a certaine kinsman of his that was then a student in Leipzig enquiring among students how hee had profited in learning he was answered by one of the yong mans companions that he had profited himselfe exceedingly for quoth he among 1500. good swallowers that are in this Vniuersitie he hath deserued the name and title of the best and most noble drinker Not farre distant from this place is Dresden where the Dukes of Saxonie electors of the Empire do most commonly reside Wittenberge WIttenberge is a conspicuous well knowne Citie in the vpper Saxonie the seate and court of the Dukes Electors situated on the banke of the Elbe a riuer which springing among the mountaines of Bohemia passeth through Germany receiuing into it selfe or as it were drinking vp by the way many other riuers as the Muldaue the Sall the Spre c. and at last being growne to an immeasurable greatnesse and nauigable for ships of the greatest burthen disgorgeth it selfe into the Germaine Ocean not farre from Stoad where late was a Staple of English Marchants This city receiued his name as some imagine from Wittikind Duke of Angria Saxonie which was baptized in the yeare 785. being compelled thereunto by Charles the great who first caused the Saxons to embrace the Christian religion Duke Fredericke the son of Ernestus Elector erected in this citie an Vniuersity about the yeare 1502. which since in this latter age is growen famous by reason of the controuersies and
Moone whereupon the Turke diuerted his ordinance from thence the Citizens kept their word In this Citty are yet to be seene the ancient ruines of a goodly Basilique erected by Charles the great in honour of S. Peter Henry the first Duke of Austria founded herein an Abby to the vse of the Scottes Richard the first surnamed Ceur de Lyon king of England being by Lupoldus Duke of Austria taken prisoner about the yeare 1192. in a small village neere to Vienna called Erdpurge as he returned from the holy land was enforced by the sayde Duke if their owne Chronicles be true to enuiron this cittie with a new wall which included the former About that time also was therin an Empory for marchāts constituted wherby the citizens increasing dayly in wealth obtayned of the Emperour Fredericke the 2. liberty and were adorned with the emperiall Armes and numbred among the free towns of the Empire THE VNIVERSITIES of the Low Countries Louaine LOuaine one of the fower townes of the Marquisate of the sacred Empire is the principall and mother of all the townes in Brabant and maketh the first member of the third estate of that Prouince It is builded in figure round contayning fower miles compas within the walles and sixe in circumference without among many other beautifull and sumptuous aedifices therein the church of S. Peter and the publike pallace are wrought with greatest magnificence and most curious arte It was called Louaine as some say from the Dutch word Louen which signifyeth to praise or honor because the Idoll Mars was there helde in time of Paganisme in great honor and estimation This towne is situated neare to the riuer Dele the houses and streetes thereof are not closely compacted together but wide open and scatteringly builte by which meanes there are within the same many fayre gardens valleis mountaines medowes springes and vines the land about this towne is pleasant and fruitefull and the ayre temperate for which cause our auncesters not without great iudgement and discretion chose out this place as most fitte for the habitation of the Muses We finde written in the Chronicles of Colen that Iohn Duke of Brabant obtayned of Pope Martin the fift the approbation of an Vniuersitie in this Cittie that letters and good discipline beganne there publikely to be taught about the yeare 1426. Afterwards Pope Eugenius the 6 licensed therein the profession of Theologie This Academy in processe of time by the bounty and magnificence of Popes Emperours Kinges Cardinals and Bishops whereof some graunted thereto ample priueledges and prerogatiues some erected therein stately and magnificent Colledges others bequethed to the same for the vse of the students goodly landes and legacies is now growne to that higth of glory and celebrity that it worthily hath vsurped the name of a most flourishing Academy and renowned Empery of learning Iohannes Goropius affirmeth that no Vniuersity of Italy France or Germany may with this bee compared for pleasant ayre and delectable walkes And that although Salamanca in Spaine farre excelleth all other Christian Academies in magnificent and sumptuously builded Colledges yet it is farre inferior to Loucine for the delightsome and beautifull situation thereof Pope Adrian the 6. erected in Louaine whereof himselfe had beene Rector and Chancelor a goodly colledge for studentes and professors of Diuinity Charles the fift Emperour of Germany and Philip the second king of Spaine did extend the vttermost of their endeuors to encrease amplifie and a dorne this royall Vniuersity In it are for the vse of the studentes 20 Colledges the principall whereof are fiue Lilium Castrum Porcus Falco Trilingue This Cittie is the first that receiueth and giueth oath to the Prince It was sometimes an Eatledome but in the yeare 1247. Henry the second of that name Earle of Louaine deceasing Henry his successor vsurped the title of Duke of Brabant Douay DOuay is a good and strong town in Flanders Gallicant one mile distant from Cambray It was founded as some write by one Arcanalkus in the yeare of our Lorde 500. it is now a Chasteleny hauing iurisdiction ouer a good country and a great number of villages it is accommodated with many fountaines and adorned with many fayre sumptuous aedifices the manner and forme of building therein is an inuincible argument of the great antiquitie thereof In this Cittie not long since was erected a famous Vniuersitie by Philip late king of Spaine and authorised with the priuiledges of Louaine where Theologie Philosophy and the inferior artes are learnedly professed At Douay is a staple of corne brought thether out of sondry regions wherof as also of diuerse other marchandizes in this cittie is great traffique Leige LEige is a citty fayre and large comprehending within the walles thereof many hils vallies riuers and vine groundes which Philip de Comines Lorde of Argenton accounteth to containe in circuite foure Italian miles and maketh it in circumference equall with Rouen It is situated on the side of the riuer Mouse which entreth into it with 2 branches and maketh therein many pleasant Isles all which are frequented and enhabited Many other little riuers passing through this towne doe clense the streetes thereof namely the Leige from which riuer the cittie is thought to haue receiued her name Also three litle brookes Vte Vese Ambluar all three replenished with exceeding store of excelēt fish especialy Vte wherin are taken certaine delicate fishes named by the inhabitants Vtins these people speake a kinde of barbarous French and are of the Frenchmen called Ligeois of the Germans Lutticherne and Luicknarren Leige is a cittie imperiall but their tenure is onely to furnish the Emperour with some few men at armes in his wars against the Turke The Bishop thereof is Lord spirituall both of the towne and countrie but the people haue so large priueledges that they liue almost in perfect liberty and freedome Their appeales spirituall go to Collen The Archbishop thereof is their Primate and from thence to Rome Their temporall appeales goe to the Emperiall chamber at Spire In this Citie flourished in times passed a most famous and renowned Academie wherein as Hubert Thomas writeth were studentes at one time the children of 9. kings 24. Dukes 29. Earles besides the sons of many Barons and gentlemen This worthy vniuersitie by the iniurie of time often subuersion of the citie it is at this day decaied and almost vtterly extinguished onely some triuiall schooles for the institution of youth in the inferior studies are there remayning In this cittie are 8. collegiall Churches the Canons whereof are inestimable rich and held of the citizens in great reuerence and reputation especially the Canons of the Collegiall Church of S. Lambert the patron of the towne who are ioyned with the Bishop in gouernment of the state and haue so great libertie that they may at pleasure giue ouer their places and marrie before they haue taken the
at no lesse a rate then shee at first demanded for the whole and forthwith commanded that they should be reposed in the Capitoll in which place they were reserued as most religious sacred thinges vntil Cornelius Sylla his time when together with the Capitoll they were consumed with fire Iulius Caesar afterward as Suetonius writeth vsed great care and diligence in erecting of libraries the charge whereof he committed to Marcus Varro Marlianus in his sixt book and second Chapter maketh mention of two goodly libraries erected by Paulus AEmelius and Octauia the sister of Augustus and wife of Anthony Blondus writeth how that famous library of Apelico wherein were found the bookes of Aristotle and Theophrastus was by Lucius Sylla when he subdued Athens from thence remoued vnto Rome But all those learned workes of so many excellent wits with painefull and laborious trauaile acquired in forraine nations by Romes victorious captaines and there layed vp for monumentes consecrated vnto euerliuing sempiternity were by the impious and detestable fact of Nero when he set the citty of Rome on fire to the inestimable losse and detriment of Europe vtterly consumed which pernitious deede of his is the onely cause why we at this day want so many antique histories of forepassed times neither had there now beene left vnto vs any memory of sondry commonweales many hundred yeeres ago with greatest policy and wisedome gouerned had not the succeeding magistrates and Emperours of Rome with industrious and carefull diligence and incredible expence of treasure caused the dispersed reliques of defaced histories to be searched out and againe compiled by sondry wise and learned men Suetonius writeth that Vespatian vndertaking againe to restore the Capitoll disdayned not among the meanest Labourers with his owne shoulders to exporte such ordure and filth as long had lyen therein and that by searching out obscure fragments of olde exemplars he againe recouered 3000. brasen tables wherein were contayned the seuerall actes of sondry Roman magistrates the decrees of their Senate and priueledges of their Cittizens Domitian also carefully repayred such libraries as by fire in former times had beene consumed and caused to be sent for from Alexandria skilfull pen men which might againe write ouer and amend such olde blotted copies of sondry authors as he had with long search recouered Great care and diligence was concerning this matter vsed by sondry other Emperours as Traian Adrian Valens Valentinian and Gratian c. yet neuer did the Roman libraries attaine vnto any perfection vntil the high Bishops had gotten the principality and dominion of the citty Pope Hilary the first left behind two goodly libraries of his own erection Pope Zacharie the first restored Saint Peters librarie Pope Nicholaus the fift sent sondry excellently learned schollers into all quarters of Europe to search and seeke out the workes of antient authors and by edicte did make promise of 5000. Duccats to any man that could bring vnto Rome the Gospel of S. Mathew written in the Hebrew tongue Leo the tenth sent into Turky Iohn Lascarus who robbing all the heathen Vniuersities of their best and worthiest authors did therewith plentifully furnish adorne the Roman libraries Sixtus the fourth builded in Vaticano that famous and renowned librarie called Palatina then which the world hath not at this day a place of greater worth and admiration hee with maruailous expence of his treasure made search and inquiry throughout all Realmes of Christendome for bookes of greatest esteeme and rarity all which he placed in this pretious librarie whereunto hee appointed sondrie keepers and Gardians allowing monthly greate summes of money for the perpetuall maintenance thereof Much was this goodly Library defaced and endamaged when Rome was by the Duke of Burbon Charles the fifte possessing the Emperiall Diademe conquered and ransacked But by the carefull prouision of succeeding Popes it hath againe recouered in full proportion the beauty and celebrity which it before enioyed Raphaell Volaterranus in his sixt book of Geography sayeth that there were in his time 24. Libraries in Rome the principall whereof were Vlpia which was that founded by Traian and Palatina which is this in Vaticano Venice WEe reade that king Attila at such time as hee besiedged Aquilegia the inhabitantes of that towne hauing long defended themselues and dispayring fledde with their goodes to the rockes within the pointe of the Adriaticall sea The Paduans seeing the fire at hand and fearing that Aquilegia being wonne the barbarous enemie would not so desist but prosecute his warres on them carried all their moueables of greatest value neare the same sea into a place called riuo alto whither they also sent their wiues children and aged men leauing the youth to defend the Cittie walles Aquilegia being taken Attila defaced Padua Vincenza and Verona the Paduans therefore and the chiefe of the other Citties to auoide the hostile and furious pursute of their enemies seated themselues about riuo alto Likewise all the people of that prouince which was anciently called Venetia being driuen out by the same misfortune did flie thither for reliefe and beganne there to builde as well strong and inuincible fortresses for defence as beautifull and sumptuous Pallaces for pleasure which in short time growing to a well ordered Cittie was by them named after their forsaken territorie Venetia Thus constrayned by necessitie they abandoned fayre and fertile countries to enhabite these sterill and paludious places voide of all commodity and yet because great numbers of people were at one instant come thether they made that place not onely habitable but also pleasant ordayning among themselues lawes and orders which amiddest so great ruines of Italy they obserued and within short space so much increased in force and reputation that in the time of Pipin king of France when at the Popes request hee came to driue the Lumbardes out of Italy it was agreede in capitulations betwixt him and the Emperour of Greece that the Duke of Beneuento and the Venetians should be subiect neither to the one nor to the other but among themselus enioy liberty in continuance of time they grew to such greatnes that their name by sea became terrible vpon the firm land of Italy vene rable so that at this day their citie is become the most rich and renowned Empory of Christendome and they are admired of all other commonweales for their opulency and manner of gouernment They vse not as in other places the ciuill law but liue and are gouerned by their own lawes and peculiar course of iustice which liberty was as Blondus writeth first granted thē by Charles the great the high Bishop of Rome thereto giuing his assent When the Vniuersity therein was priuiledged I do not reade onely this I find that many men excellently learned in Rhetorique Philosophy and Theology haue there florished and professed Volaterranus writeth that Iohannes Rauennas who liued about that time when the memory of letters
the French king besieged before hee was taken prisoner by Charles the Emperour for Arnolde Ferronus writeth in his seuenth booke of French histories how Anthonius Leua being by Charles the fifte appointed Captaine and gouernour of Pauia he conuerted vnto his owne vse euen the siluer maces which vsually were accustomed to bee borne before the Rector or President of the Vniuersity the better to giue his souldiers paye Also a goodly Library which as Iason sayeth was placed in the Castell was then much perished notwithstanding afterwarde by the singular bounty and liberality of the Bishops of Rome and other princes it was againe repayred and restored Pope Pius the 4 â—ounded herein a fayre and sumptuous colledge Bernardus Saccus affirmeth the ayre about Pauia to bee pure and piercing whereby the wittes of schollers are sharpened and excited to the desire of studie He sayeth moreouer that the first teacher and professor of Christianisme therein was Syrus of Aquilegia In those dayes that Saint Peter did teach at Rome whose doctrine because euen vntill this daye they haue with greate constancie kept and mantayned it was decreed that this Cittie shoulde no more bee called by her auncient name Ticinum from the riuer passing by it but Papia quasi piorum virorum patria Turin TVrin a Cittie of Piemonte was as writeth Caelius Secundus who was therein borne in former ages called Augusta Taâ—rinorum because it was the heade Cittie or Metropolis of the Nation and people so called who by Iulius Caesars gifte were made free Denizons of the citty of Rome This Cittie was by the Gothes ruinated and ouerthrowne and afterwarde againe reedified though not of so greate circumference as before it was yet in better for me and fashion It taketh name from the riuer Duria which runneth through the same It is situated in a smooth playne hauing on the east side thereof a mile distant from the town the riuer Poe on the North and West the Alpes on the South a fertile champion contayning fiue miles in bredth In this cittie was wont to bee helde the courte and residence of the princes together with the whole councell of Riemont It was afterwarde by the Pope graced with the title of an Archbishopricke A goodly Vniuersity was here instituted by the Dukes of Sauoy which excelled all other Italian Academies for their exquisite perfection in Tipography or the arte of Printing Erasmus Roterodamâ—s did in this Vniuersity proceede Doctor of Diuinity where hee after became a publike professor of the same For the possession of this place was fought between the Emperour Charles the fift and the king of France in the yeare 1544. that fierce and bloudy battell wherin of the Emperours side 12000. or as some write 13000. souldiers were put to the sword Florence FLorence is a strong and beautifull cittie in Hetruria sited in a play n betwixt the foot of a mountaine and the riuer Arno It was first begunne by the people of Fiesole enlarged afterwardes by the Romaine Colonies It had then to name Armina and from whence this name of Florence should bee deriued diuers men doe diuersly hold opinion Some suppose it to bee so called from Florino one of the chiefe of the Colonie Others will not consent that it was called Florentia at the beginning but Fluentia because of the riuer Arno flowing neere the walles thereof and they alledge the authoritie of Plâ—â—â—â— where he saith that the people Fluentini be neere vnto Arno which may be false saith Machiauel the Florentine because Plinie maketh mention where the Florentines were seated not how they were called and that word Fluentum must needes be corrupted because Frontinus and Cornelius Tacâ—tus who wrote almost in the time of Plinic doe call the Towne Florentia and the people Florentini saying that long since in the time of Tiberius they were gouerned according to the custome of other citties in Italie Cornelius also reporteth that the Florentines had sent Embassadors vnto the Emperour praying that the waters of the Chiane might not descend vppon their countrey It seemeth not then to stand with reason that the citie should at one time haue two names It is therefore most credible that it was alwaies called Florentia For what cause soeuer it was so named or for what cause soeuer it had the beginning most sure it is that vnder the Empire of Rome it had the first foundation in the raigne of the first Emperors writers did make mention thereof Long time it continued base and obscure not being able to doe any thing worthy of memorie for the authoritie of them vnto whome they were subiect but being at length wearie of that yoke in the yeare 1010. on the day of Saint Romulus a solemne feast with the Fiesolan they surprised Fiesole demolished the same Afterward all Italie being deuided into open factions betweene the Popes and Emperors they alwaies held on the strongest side by which meanes Florence being now much enlarged well replenished with buildings men other things necessary for ciuill life began to bee numbred among the principall Citties of Italie And had no question growen to as much celebritie as any cittie of Europe had not the ciuil discords and intestine factions of the cittizens hindered her greatnesse But so exceedingly was it alwaies pestered with mutuall dissentions that it neuer could attaine vnto any height of glory vntill Cosmio de Medices obtained the principalitie thereof reduced it from an Aristocraticall gouernment to a Monarchie Who hauing passed in the beginning of his greatnesse many troubles and calamities after hee had exceeded fortie yeares of his age liued most happily in so much as not onely they which ioyned with him in publique actions but all other men also that managed his treasure in euery place of Europe did participate of his felicitie and euery man depending vpon his counsell and fortune became wealthie He was the most esteemed and most famous citizen being no man of warre that euer had beene in the memorie of man eyther in Florence or any other cittie because he did not onely excell all others of his time in authoritie and riches but also in liberalitie and wisedome For amongst other qualities which aduanced him to be chiefe of his Countrey he was more then other men bountifull and magnificent His chiefest care and endeuour was to preserue adorne and beautifie this Cittie For which cause hee builded and erected in the same many sumptuous edifices He builded the Abbeyes and Temples of Saint Marke Saint Laurence and the Monasterie of Saint Veridiana and in the mountaines of Fiesole Saint Gerrolano with the Abbey thereto belonging Also in Mugello hee did not onely repaire the Church for the Fryers but tooke it downe and builded it a new Besides those magnificent buildinges in Saint Croce in Saint Agnoli and in Saint Miniato hee made Altars and sumptuous Chappelles besides the building of them were by him paued
the toppe of all felicitie was in one day consumed with fire and became vnto beholders a most miserable dolefull spectacle of ruine and desolation of which Seneca in a certaine consolatorie Epistle of his to Liberalis a cittizen of Lions writeth as followeth Vnius noctis incendium totum strauit vrbem vt vna scilicet nox interfuerit inter vrbem maximam nullam tant a fuit incendij vis celeritas In this cittie flourished an Academie of great fame and celebritie which hath sent forth into the worlde many excellent men renowned for their great learning holinesse of life as Irenius and Eucherius both Archbishops of Lions and Primates and Metropolitanes of Fraunce which dignitie belongeth vnto this Cittie though in the yeare 1306. the Archbishop alienated from himselfe the gouernment thereof receiuing for the same a yearely pension or annuitie We reade of most barbarous and tirannicall cruelties exercised on the professors of the Christian faith in this Cittie during the raigne of Marcus Antonius the Romaine Emperour in the yeare of our saluation 175. in which persecution dyed 19000. Martyrs Angiers ANiou in times past an Earledome and in the yeare 1350. enobled with the title of a Dukedome is a Region in Fraunce of no great circumference but full of goodly riuers forrests and mountaines therefore for aboundance and fertilitie not inferior to any countrey neere thereunto It is confined on the East side thereof with Tourraine and Vendosme on the West with Britannie on the South with Poictou and on the North with the Earledomes of Maine Laualle the Metropolis of this Dukedome is an ancient citie called by Ptolomey Iuliomagus now named of the Angeuines Angiers A publike vniuersitie was in this cittie instituted and erected by Lewes the 2. about that time that Rupertus Phaltsgraue of Rheine founded Heilderberge in Germany which was about the yeare 1346. Others will haue it to be founded in the yeare 1362. at which time Casimere erected Cracow in Polonia Henry Valoise Duke of Aniou brother to King Charles the 9. not long since with much industrious care laboured to augment restore the same the which good worke that he the better might performe hee with great munificence inuited thither sundry excellently learned schollers among the which was Frauncis Baldewin who therein to his eternall praise and euerlasting memory did establish the profession of the Ciuill law Of this city Dukedome in our country chronicles is often mention made as of a territorie which long was annexed to the English crowne and alienated by King Henry the 6. in the 22. yeare of his raigne in the yeare of our Lord 1444. at the mariage solemnized betweene him and Margaret daughter to Reyner King of Sicily and Hierusalem Auignion AVignion is an ancient cittie of Prouuence situated on the banke of Rhodanus wherein is an Vniuersitie of long continuance which then began first to flourish and be famous in other nations when the Bishops of Rome were therein resident We reade in the histories of the Church that Pope Iohn the 22. transferred the seate Apostolique from Rome vnto this citie after whom it remained there 74. yeares or thereabout Likewise we reade that after the decease of Benedictus the 11. when Clement the sift was declared Pope in the yeare 1305. the Apostolike seat was againe translated from Rome to Auignion and from thence afterward in the yeare 1376. returned againe to Rome at the instance and entreatie of Saint Katharine Nunne of Sitnna The cittie and church of Auignion are at this day immediately subiected to the Popes or Bishoppes of Rome who first became Lordes thereof by meanes of a certain Neapolitane Queene who being indebted to the church of Rome resigned this cittie to the Bishops thereof and his successors for euer Paulus Castrensis by sundrie learned works he wrote did much enable this Vniuersitie Andraeas Alciatus comming into Fraunce was hired as himselfe in an oration he made to the schollers of Pauia confesseth for 600. crownes to be a publike reader in this Vniuersitie Orleance ORleance is a rich and plentifull Cittie placed on the banke of the riuer Ligeris now called Loire Some auncient Hystoriographers write that the foundation of this Cittie was laide by Aurelian the Emperour in the yeare 276. and from him was called Aurelia which name vnto this day it retaineth In this Cittie was erected an vniuersitie by Philip le Beau King of France in the yeare from our Sauiours natiuitie 1312. wherein the ciuill Law is with such learning and admiration professed that this Academie hath beene often of graue and learned writers entituled the Nurse or Mother thereof It enioyeth the same priuiledges with Thoulouse This citie among many other hath not escaped the taste of those miserable calamities inflicted vppon Fraunce by the furie of the late ciuill warres Bourges BOurges is a citie in Fraunce of great same rich spatious and much frequented It is seated in a pleasant and fruitfull countrey replenished with all kind of graine hearbes wines beastes fishes and fowles and whatsoeuer els is necessary for the vse of man Concerning the first originall of this citie and the etimologie of the worde Bituriges there are sundrie strange opinions Ioannes Callamaeus in his treatise de origine Biturigum saith that in the yeare from the begining of the world 1791. the foundation of this citie was laide by one Gomer descended from Noah who in honor remembrance of his great grandfather called the inhabitants of that countrey Ogyges But as it often commeth to passe that words by long continuance and custome are corrupted from Bytogyges they were called Bituriges Others there are that say it was called Byturis quasi Biturris from two ancient towers which they affirme to haue beene in this citie erected by two brethren which there together raigned one of which towers if we giue credite to antiquitie is that which remaineth yet to bee seene built in forme round of a great circuite without within of a huge capacitie and is made at this day a castle of most inuincible strength To confirme this opinion they recite an old verse of an ancient Grammarian Turribus à binis inde vocor Bituris In this cittie is a most glorious resplendishing vniuersitie an other Pernassus a place of such fame and excellencie and of all learned authors so much admired that whensoeuer they haue occasion to write thereof they call it the ornament of letters habitation of the Muses It was many yeares since founded by a certaine Duke of Burges but after in continuance of time falling to decay and being almost vtterly extinct it was againe restored and brought vnto his former glorie perfection by sundry kings of France It was authorized and endued with many great priuiledges and high prerogatiues by Pope Paulus the 2. of that name In this Academie is a Diuinitie Schoole wherein Theologie is
voide of mountaines or vallies Pole in their language signifyeth smooth or playne here the saide prince commaunded his armie to stay and to builde for themselues and their children townes and villages whereby hee established vnto himselfe a principality But the people in succession of time daylie more and more encreasing and multiplying after the lyne of Lecus fayled beganne to wax wearie of a monarchie wherefore they made choice of twelue Magistrates which they named Woyuuods that is Countes Palatines to haue the administration of their lawes and gouernment of their common wealth which Magistrates or Earles doe vnto this day retayne their auncient name and dignitie though they enjoy not fully so gieat authoritie but not long after the wauering and vnconstant multitude neuer contented with their present estate but desirous of change and alteration waxed weary of this oligarchie gouernment of their Woyuuods and with one consent named one Gracchus a principall leader amongst them to bee their prince and gouernour This Gracchus about 400. years after the natiuitie of our Sauiour gouerning this barbarous nation builded on the banke of the riuer Vistula a goodly cittie which after his owne name hee called Graccouia and for the better defence thereof hee erected a strong castel or fortresse on the mount Vaeuel Many ages after namely in the yeare 1320. Vladislaus Lokoâ—k praesiding sent his Embassadors vnto the Pope being then at Auignion in France with request that hee might be crowned king of Polonia which suite of his being obtayned he receyued the Diademe and regall ornamentes in the Cathedrall church of Graccouia which city was then by the kinges praerogatiue made the Metro polis of the kingdome An Academie was in this Citie instituted by Casimire the second in the yeare of saluation 1361. which afterwarde namelie in the yeare 1400. was by Vladislaus at the instant and importune intercession of Heduigis his Queene ratified and confirmed with the Popes authority The Vniuersity is not in the principall cittie but in that parte which lyeth on the other side of the riuer is named from the first founder therof Cazimiria therin are two goodly Colledges in the one is professed Philosophy and Diuinity in the other Phisicke the Ciuil law the other inferior studies are there also learnedly taught with great diligence of the Readers In this Cittie haue I seene the bones of Stanislaus once Bishop thereof since canonized for a Saint carried about the towne in procession enclosed in a fayre siluer coffin with great reuerence and veneration of the beholders This Bishop was impiously martyred by Boleslaus a most dissolute and libidinous king because hee was by him once reproued with greater austerity then his patience could endure for his inordinate and adulterous life but the iust iudgement of God suffered him not long to remaine vnpunished for being shortly after by his owne subiectes the Pope first absoluing them from their obedience expelled his kingdome hee fell into a rauening Lunacy and so miserablie ended his dayes The moderne Archbishop of that cittie is a Cardinall of the Familie of the Radziuilles the principall and most noble race of Polonia the Palatine of this Cittie is next vnto the king in degree and authority who is therein most commonlie resident Posnania POsne is a cittie of no great circumference but exceedingly beautified with fayre sumptuous aedifices it is situated in the vpper Polonia and contayneth a Palinacie An Vniuersity was in this Cittie of late yeares erected by Sigismonde the present king of that nation and confirmed by Pope ClemeÌ„t the eight now presidinge The Iesuites enioy there in a goodly Colledge wherin they professe Theology Philosophy and the other inferior studies Koningsperge MOns Regius commonly called Koningsperge is the Metropolis of the great Dukedome of Prussia It was so called by the first founder thereof Ottocharus king of Prussia who being continually molested with the often inuasions of the princes of Germany for the defence of himself the confine of his kingdome hee erected this cittie on the highest toppe of a mountaine in Samogitia in the yeare of saluation 1255. This region was conuerted vnto the christian faith in the yeare 1000. by Adlobertus Bishoppe of Prage but afterwarde falling into a relapse they were againe reduced thereunto by the knightes of the Dutch order in the yeare 1220. who with licence of the Emperour Fredericke the second inuaded vanquished e and a long time possessed that countrie these knights were in the yeare 1525. expelled by Sigismonde king of Polonia who annexed it to his owne kingdome George Marquesse of Brandeburge then great maister of that order being contented to holde the same as Furdotarie from the king who beganne his warre in the time of Albertus Marquesse of Brandeburge This Albertus first erected in Roningsberge the Vniuersitie which hath euer since euen vntill this present time continually flourished Neare vnto that cittie is the Isle of Glessaria now knowne by the name of Sudaw where when the sea is troubled and tempestuous it casteth vppe Amber in great aboundance which from thence the inhabitants who by reason their countrie was so many yeares by the Germans possessed speake natiuely Dutch call at this day Glesse some imagine it to proceede from the gumme of firre trees where with all those Ilands of the Sounde are replenished others there bee which affirme that it groweth as Corall doth on the rockes which being by the violence of winde and weather washed from them by the often reuerberation of the waues congealeth and waxeth hard so is gathered of the Borderers I haue neare vnto this citty seene in the desertes and forrestes consisting all of mighty firre trees great store of wilde Bores Ours which is a kinde of wilde Oxe Alxes not vnlike vnto our fallowe Deere but thrice so big there are also great plentie of Beares Vilna VIlna commonly called the Wilde is a large and opulent Cittie in the great Dukedome of Lithuania or Littow whereof it is the Metropolis It lyeth 57. degrees from the eleuation of the North pole it is seated on the banke of the riuer Vilias in a valley betweene many mountaines and mightie forrests of Firre trees The Lithuanians in the yeare 1386. first embraced Christian religion in the dayes of Iagello great Duke who ioyning himself in mariage with Heduigis daughter to the King of Polonia annexed vnto that kingdom the Dukedome of Lithuania In former times the Lithuanians worshipped trees aspes and serpentes and especially holy fire for which they erected in the suburbes of Vilna a goodly temple of free stone which was by Iagello when he had obtained the Crowne of Polonia conuerted vnto a Cathedrall Church and is now consecrated vnto S. Stanislaus whose name I had occasion before to mention in the description of Craccouia Neere vnto the Church of S. Iohn Baptist was lately erected a goodly and spacious Colledge possessed by the Iesuites
decease hee was by his mother Drahomitia and his brother Boleslaus inuited to a banket where on the sodaine hee was by them most impiously murthered His bodie being afterwarde conueâ—ed to Prage there to bee enterred in a carte drawen with sixe Oxen which cart passing through the market place of the lesser Towne the Oxen could not by any meanes bee enforced to passe beyond a little round Tower wherein were imprisoned many capitall offenders vntill all the said prisoners were set at libertie Wherevpon this prison was presently conuerted to a chappell wherein once a yeare in memory of the Saint diuine seruice is wont to be celebrated In this cittie was borne Charles the great Emperour of the Romaines and King of Bohemia who therefore vsing all his endeuors to beautifie and adorne the same in the yeare of grace 1360. erected there an Vniuersitie Martin Cromer in the 12. booke of his Polonian historie affirmeth that when Cazimier King of Polonia founded the Academie of Cracouia in the yeare 1361. Prage was then a knowne vniuersitie This schoole by reason of the accesse of the Germains thither grew to bee exceedingly frequented and so flourished vntil the springing vp of Wicklisse who amongst them being fauoured of the Bohemians made his partie so strong that aboue 2000. Germaines were in one day constrained to depart to Lipsike three daies iourney fioÌ„ thence where they obtained licence priuiledges for an vniuersity Not long after Wickliffe arose amongst them Hierome of Prage and Iohn Hus so named from a little village wherein he was borne called Hus which in the Bohemian language signifieth a Goose they were after condemned for Heretickes by the counsell of Constance and in that cittie openly burned Their errors you may reade in Munster fol. Sor. After these schismes and sectes among them the vniuersitie dayly more and more decayed and was almost vtterly extinguished had it not by the liberality of Ferdinand the first and Maximilian the 2. Emperours who are there in the cathedâ—all church both enterred been againe raised and restored There is now a goodly colledge newly builded not far from the cast end of the bridge containing 3. churches though of no great capacity yet exceeding beautiful the one for Bohemians the other for Germains the 3. for Italians In this colledge are by the Iesuits lernedly professed Theologie the other inferior artes The 4. and last towne contained in this citie is that of the Iewes who within themselues haue their peculiar lawes and liberties they haue 5. sinagogues therein in the which they celebrate their sabbathes The Bishopricke of Prage did many yeares sithence belong to the Archbishop of Mentz but after it was by Charles the great separated and raised to the degree of an Archbishopricke Neere vnto the Cathedrall church Milada sister to Boleslaus the 4. Christian Duke of Bohemia by the permission authoritie of the Pope builded S. George his church and adioyned thereunto a Nunnerie wherein she her selfe became a votarie As well in this cittie as neere about in the bordering regions are to be seene the ruines of many goodly monasteries ouerthrowne by Ziska because a Monk of S. August order rauished his sister whose portrayture I haue often seene at Prage with this subscription Iohannes Ziska superbiae auaritiae clericoruÌ„ seuer us vltor Olmuts OLmuts is a faire and ample cittie in Morauia a Dukedome whilome free now annexed to the Crowne of Bohemia In the yeare nine hundred Zuantocopius Prince thereof had vnder his dominion Polonia Silesia and Bohemia who moued with the greatnesse of his power to an intollerable pride denyed the tributes which he was accustomed to pay vnto Lewes the Emperour vpon which occasion offered the said Emperor inuaded his dominion with fire and sworde but finding greater resistance then heeexpected hee was constrained to call the Turke to his aide by whose assistance the Morauites were easily vanquished and the race of Zuartocopius vtterly extinguished About these times came Gyrullus the Apostle of the Sclauonians into this countrie accompanied with Melodius who first layed there the foundation of Christian religion and crected a cathedrall church in Tielagrade which since was transferred to this cittie Olmuts The people and inhabitantes of this cittie entertaine strangers with incredible humanity of which I my self had good experience at my being among theÌ„ The language as well of the countrie people as of the citizens is a kind of corrupt and barbarous Dutch The ayre is healthy and the land very fruitfull I imagine the Vniuersity therein not to haue been of any long continuance because I doe not remember that I euer haue reade or heardany mention made of the same in any antique author it seemeth therefore to haue bin erected lately since the comming thether of the Iesuites for whome there was builded a magnificent and sumptuous Colledge at the Popes charges for the resorming of Lutheranisme in those territories generally professed The Monastery of the prouince like as we saide of Bohemia were all by Zusca defaced and ruinated THE VNIVERSITIES of Spaine Toledo CArpetana regio now called the kingdome of Toledo lyeth in the hearte and center of Spaine the Metropolis where of is Toledo froÌ„ whence the whole kingdom hath taken his name This Cittie is situated on the banke of the riuer Tagus now known by the name of Tay. It was recouered from the Saracens in the yeare of our Lord 1216. by Ferdinand the third who caused them to fiie to Granada and Malaga where they remayned vntill the yeare 1480. aboute which time Ferdinande king of Spaine grandfather to Charles the fift by the mothers side beganne to make fierce and cruell warres vppon them by the vertue of which valiant and renowned Prince their name was in Spaine vtterlie extinguished This is a citty beautified with many pallaces of rare and excellent architecture fenced about and munited with an hundred and fifty towers the concourse of people hether is exceeding great it hath continually within the walles many troupes of horsemen for defence a great parte of the Nobility of Spaine for pleasure and an infinite multitude of Marchantes as well forraine as inhabitantes for traffique and commoditie It is also enriched with great store of venerable and learned men and adorned with the profession of all attes and sciences aswell Mechanicall as liberall In this Cittie was the Vniuersity first erected by a certaine Bishoppe of the same Sea and was afterward confirmed by the priuiledges and praerogatiues of many Popes and kinges of Spaine The chiefe sciences therein professed are the Canon and ciuill law which are there taught with so exquisite diligence and learning that whosoeuer shall remaine but some few monethes among them if hee bee not altogether stupide and voide of capacity hee cannot chuse but returne much amended in knowledge and learning In this Vniuersity was S. Alphonsus a student of Diuinity who
as they say receiued a peculiar cope or holy vestment which in the celebration of Masse he was accustomed to weare from the handes of our blessed Ladie because hee had with great learning defended her perpetuall virginitie against the Heluedian Heretiques which did oppugne the same The Archbishoppe of this Cittie is Chancelor of Castile the Metropolitane and chief of al the ecclesiasticall persons in Spaine the reuenewes of this church amounteth to the summe of 200000. Duckats whereof the Archbishop receyueth 80000. Siuille ANdolusia is that parte of Spaine which lyeth betweene Portugale and the streytes of Gibralter it is in latine called Wandolicia from the Wandales which long time possessed that countrie It was in former ages called Baetica from the riuer Betis which to the Spaniardes at this day is knowne by the name of Guadalquiuer neare to the side of this riuer is situated that famous and renowned cittie Siuille vnto the which for neatenesse and magnificence of aedifices both diuines and prophanes for profession and exercises of the liberall sciences for infinite aboundance of wealth and coÌ„modiousnes of liuing no one citty that euer I haue heard or read of scarse Rome herself flourishing in the height of her glory may worthily bee paragonde it excelleth all other citties of Spaine in fertility of the soyle which bringeth forth all kindes of grayne and Oliues in great aboundance and is enuironed and hedged about with trees greene and fruitfull In this Cittie are alwayes maintayned 30000. Genettes for seruice of the king The riuer Guadalquiuer running thorough the same deuideth it into two partes that part which lyeth on the west side thereof is called Triana which is a suburbe contayning three thousand Cittizens and is ioyned to the maine Cittie with a fayre goodly bridge on this side standeth a castell of greate strength and Maiesty This Cittie contayneth 24000. Citizens euery one hauing his priuate peculiar house which are al diuided into eight tribes whereof the first and chiefest is S. Maries tribe wherein is a church of so rare and admirable workemanship and such venerable Maiesty that our christian world can hardly shew the like This church hath a tower erected in forme of a Pyramis of most incredible height with much laborious arte and industry from whence all the coast and country adioyning may easily bee seene Out of this citty the king receyueth yearely by way of custome 500000. crownes A prouinciall councell was held in this citty in the yeare of our Lord 584. in the time of Mauritius the Emperour and Pope Pelagius the second An other councell was here assembled vnder Heraclius Pope Honorius the first in the yeare 636. The Archbishoppe of Siuill is in decree next vnto the Archbishop of Toledo and hath vnder him three Bishoppes suffragans that is to say the Bishoppe of Cales Malaga and the fortunate slandes he receyueth yearly out of the Church reuenewes 24000. Duckats The Vniuersity herein is of great antiquity hath sent forth into the world many learned and excellent men as Pope Siluester the second Auiccn a profounde Philosopher and most excellently learned Phisition and Leander who by their industry and wisedome reclamed Hermigilde and Richarde kinges of the Gothes from Arianisme to the catholike faith herein also flourished Isidorus a man much renowned for sincerity profoundnes in learning In this Vniuersity is a rich and most renowned library neare to the fryers predicants Valentia VAlentia is a Region of Spaine confined on the east side therof with the Mediterrane Sea on the North with Arragon on the South with Nurcia and on the West with Castile through this kingdome runneth a Riuer called by Salust Priscian Pomponius Mela other ancient writers Turia or Durias which since of the Moores which inhabited that country was called Guetalabiar neare to the mouth of which Riuer is situated that noble and famous citty Valentia the chief and principall Cittie of that kingdome a place of maruailous antiquity wherein are reserued euen vnto this day many auncient marbles with Roman inscriptions on them among the which there is one with this inscription Colonia Iulia Valentia wherby it most euidentlie appeareth that it hath in former ages been a Colony of the Romans Some there bee which affirme that this Citty was first called Roma vntill being by the Romans vanquished they called it by a worde in their owne language of the same signification Valentia In this Citty is an Vniuersity which in the yeare of grace 1470. did admirably flourish Herein Saint Dominicke the first founder of the Fryers praedicantes did absolue the courses of Philosophy and Theology Herein also did S. Vincent a Fryer of the same order in his youth study and in his elder yeares publikely teach Diuinity Wee read that in Valentia was assembled a generall councell in the yeare of saluation 466. The yearely Reuenewes of the Bishopricke in this cittie amount to 1â—000 Duckats In this countrie are made those porceline dishes which for pure temper of the mettall and exquisite artifice and workemanship so much desired in forrain nations The inhabitants of this kingdome retain yet a smacke or taste of the ancient Arabique tongue and some spices of the Mahumetane religion Granada THe kingdom of Granada is on the south side thereof limitted with the Mediterran sea it hath on the east side the kingdome of Murcia and on the West Andolusia in the middest of this kingdome standeth the Metropolis and chiefe and principal cittie thereof Granada from whence the realm hath deriued his name This Cittie and Countrie was possessed of the Moores and Saracins 800. yeares and were at last by the great and singular vertue of Ferdinand grandfather to Charles the fift together with their king Melis expulsed not onelie out of this kingdome but out of Spaine Since which time they neuer attempted any matter of great moment against the christians neyther durst they insinuate themselues into any one parte or corner of their dominions which wee haue spoken of before in the description of Toledo The greatest happinesse of this place consisteth in the fruitfulnesse and faecundity of the soile The houses of the cittie are builte all of free stone with curious and artificiall masonrie shewing great magnificence It is within replenished with many springes waters exceeding cold and most profitable for the coÌ„seruation of health without it is enuironed with a large statelie wall contayning in the circumference thereof twelue gates and a hundred and thirty turrets or towers By the great bounty and liberality of the king of Spaine in this Cittie was founded and erected a most sumptuous and magnificent Colledge to the vse of the Iesuites who are authorized therein to professe Philosophy Diuinity and the other triuiall and inferior studies In this place had that mirror of Christendome Lewes of Granada whome all men haue admired but no one euer could imitate
from the continent of Castile Valentia with the riuer Ebro In this kingdome are to be seene many faire and well fortified citties among the which is Larida a beautifull towne situated on Cinga a small riuer which keeping his course through this realme disburdeneth himselfe into the Ebra In this cittie flourisheth an Academie of maruellous antiquitie wherein Pope Calixtus the third before hee obtained the Papacie proceeded Doctor of either law who afterward became a publike professor of the ciuill law in the same place Also S. Vincent a Dominican Frier which for his religious and holy life was after his death canonized for a Saint was there made Doctor of Diuinitie We reade of a prouincial counsell of eight Bishops assembled in this citie vnder Anastatius the Emperour Pope Gelasius the first in the yeare of our Lord 494. Huesca OSca or Isca called in the vulgar tongue Huesca is an other goodly cittie of Arragon containing an vniuersitie of most admirable antiquitie which is said to haue beene erected before the comming of Christ as a Nurserie for the institution of noble mens children Lisbone THat part of the continent which coasteth along the Westerne shore betweene the Iles of Bayone and the Promontorie or Cape of Saint Vincent is knowne to vs by the name of Portugall numbred amongst the most wealthie and opulent kingdomes of Europe Through the middest of this region passeth the riuer Tagus or Tayo neere vnto the mouth whereof is seated Lisbone the most faire and flourishing emporie of Portingall the Metropolis of the kingdome the most beautifull and best adorned cittie in the West We reade that Henry Earle of Lorraine a man renowned in feates of armes had in guerdon of many conquestes by him atchieued against the Moores giuen him to wife Tyresia daughter of Alphonsus the 6. king of Castile vnto whome was assigned for her dowrie all that part of Gallicia which now is subiect to the crowne of Portingal Of these princes was borne Alphonsus who first named himselfe king of Portingall This young king nothing degenerating from the vertue of his auncestors ceased not to vexe and wearie out the Moores with continuall warres so that he vanquished and subdued siue kinges of them in memorie whereof the Kings of Portingall beare in their coate of armes euen vntill this day fiue shieldes Azure in field argent He also recouered from them Lisbone and restored it to libertie about the yeare 1110. Since that time what with the fauor munificency of their kinges who haue for the most parte therein continually kept their courts what by the incredible accesse of marchants thither from all nations of the world This cittie is growen to that height of glorie maiestie that she easily surmounteth all other citties whatsoeuer contained in this westerne world A most renowned vniuersitie was by the bountie of their kinges in this citie erected where euen vntill this day the liberall sciences are professed with great sinceritie and profoundnes to the incredible benefite of Christendome There are in this cittie 26. parishes and 20000. mansion houses In the yeare 1531. the 7. Kalendes of Februarie there was a most strange and admirable earthquake throughout all places in Portingall whereby were cast downe to the ground 1050. houses and sixe hundred were there withall so rent and shaken that their fall and ruine dayly was expected This earthquake continued the space of eight dayes causing the ground to shake and tremble at least three or foure times a day in such sort that the inhabitantes were therewith so affrighted and terrified that they were glad to forsake their houses and lie on tops of mountaines in the open aire Coimbra COimbra is also a most pleasant and goodly cittie in Portingall seated neere vnto the riuer Mondego An vniuersitie was therein founded in these latter daies by Iohn the seconde King of Portingall Iacobus Payua Andradius in the Preface of his booke entituled Liber orthodoxarum explicationum writeth of this vniuersitie in this manner Coimbricensis Academia est loci natura amaenissima omni literarum genere clarissima est inqua ipse ab eunte aetate literarum studijâ— incubui non insoeliciter Euora EVora is an ather Cittie of Portugall not to bee contemned it is illustrated with the dignity of a Bishops Sea An Vniuersity was herein lately erected by Henry Cardinal of Portugall a Prelate of worthy memory who was Bishop of that place he was a man endued with aboundant wealth exceedingly affected tothe Muses Maiorica THe Isles of Maiorica and Minorica adioyning so neare to the continent of Spaine that one may with great facility saile from the one to the other in foure or at the most in fiue howers and also being parcelles of the kings dominion I thought it not amisse to annexe this cittie to the other Vniuersities of Spaine Maiorica is the greatest Islande of the two and hath lying on the East side thereof a goodly cittie which is the Metropolis of both Islandes and hath neare adioyning vnto it an ample and most commodious porte The inhabitantes hereof are constrayned to endure many iniurious outrages and most misetable calamities at the handes of the Moores and Saracens their opposite neighbours on the coast of Africa who oftentimes making incursions into this Isle do in an euening fire many of their houses standing neare to the sea and carry away the owners thereof as prisoners to bee for money of their friendes and the kindred redeemed for whose ransome there are continually on all sondayes and holydayes publike collections in their churches The land of these Ilands neare vnto the sea is sweet pleasant and fertile but vp further within â—is sterill ful of craggy rockes vnpleasant and vnprofitable In this Cittie is an antient priuiledged and authorised Vniuersitie where the artes Vniuersall are publikely with great learning professed Among the students of this Academy the memory of Raimundus Lullius is with great admiratioÌ„ retayned because he receyued therein his birth and education insomuch that euen vntill this present time a learned man is there with liberall exhibition entertayned to maintain and teach the doctrine in times passed by Lullius professed I would that the learned Reader should vnderstaÌ„d that although the Spanish Academies are by me briefly runne ouer yet are there not more goodly more opulent nor more in all kindes of learning flourishing Vniuersities in any region of Europe which I am constrayned to setdowne without any exact descriptioÌ„ of them because I neuer could find though I haue therefore made great search and enquiry any author which discourseth of that subiect THE VNIVERSITIES of England Oxford Oxsorde is a fayre and beautifull citty whose situation is in a playne Champion neare to the side of the Thames being enuironed with many pleasing groues wooddy mountains from whence as some writers affirme it was in times passed named Bellositum concerning the Etymologye of the name thereof there
Wainsflet Bishop of Winchester builded Magdalen Colledge hee builded also a great parte of Eaton Colledge before begunne by king Henry the sixt William Smith Bishop of Lincolne during the raigne of king Henry the seauenth layed the foundation of Brasen nose in the yeare 1513. the which hath beene lately by that reuerende olde man Alexander Nowel Deane of S. Paules Church in London much helped increased During the raigne of the saide king Henry the seauenth Richarde Foxe Bishop of Winchester founded Corpus Christi Colledge himselfe hauing before beene a fellow of Pembrooke hall in Cambridge the which colledge of his in the yeare 1516. hee endowed with forty pound eight shillinges two pence yearely rent for euer In the time of king Henry the eight Thomas Wolsey Cardinall of Rome Archbishoppe of Yorke and Lorde high Chancelor of England beganne in sumptuous manner to lay the foundation of a most ample and spatious Colledge but falling into the kinges heauie displeasure before the same could bee brought to perfection the king after his decease enriched the same with many goodly reuenewes annexing thereunto Canterburie colledge which had beene before erected in the time of Edward the 3. by Simon Islep Archbishop of Canterburie This worthy King of famous memory the more to grace adorne the citie erected therein a Bishops sea and out of his treasurie appointed yearely to be paid certaine annuities for the perpetuall maintenance of publique readers in each seuerall schoole In the raigne of Queene Mary Sir Thomas Pope reedified Duresme Colledge which was in former ages erected by Thomas of Hatfield Bishop of Duresme and now by continuance of time exceedingly decayed by which knight the name therof being altered it is now called Trinitie Colledge Not long since Hugh Prise Doctor of the ciuill law hath founded a new colledge which in honour of our Sauiour is knowne by the name of Iesu colledge Many other rare and excellent ornamentes there are wherewith this famous and farre renowned Academie exceedingly is beautified as churches libraries publique schooles and many sumptuous priuate edifices the which to auoid prolixitie I will omit imagining that such triuiall things must of necessitie bee famialiarly knowne to euery learned reader wherefore with this assertion I will finally conclude that more pietie in religion more profoundnesse in learning more strictnes in discipline more integritie in life is not to be found in any one vniuersitie in whatsoeuer part or region of the world Cambridge COncerning the first originall and foundation of the cittie and vniuersitie of Cambridge among the learned searchers of antique lustories two seuerall and discrepant opinions strongly are maintained Iohn Caius in his booke of the antiquity of Cambridge with many arguments laboureth to proue the foundation thereof to haue beene laide and the name deriued from one Cantabar a Prince of Spaine brother to Partholinus King of Ireland and sonne in law to Gurguntius king of Britaine in the yeare 4317. after the worlds first creation which was 539. yeares before our Sauiours natiuitie For proofe of which opinion hee alleadgeth the authoritie of Iohn Lidgat Monke of Berriâ— and scholler to that famous Poet and onely Homer of our English nation Geffrey Chaucer whose verses in old English as I found them written I haue here vnderneath set downe By true record of the Doctor Bede That sometime wrote so mickle with his hand And specially remembring as I reade In his Chronicles made of England Among other things as we shall vnderstand Whom for mine author I dare alleadge Sith the translation and building of Cambridge With him according Aâ—fred the chronicler Seriously who list his bookes for to see Made in the time when he was Thresurer Of Beuerley an old famous cittie Affirme and saine the vniuersitie Of Cambridge and studie first began By their writing as I report can He rehearsing first for commendation By their writing how that old cittie Was strongly walled with towers many one Built and finished with great libertie Notable and famous of great authoritie As their authors according saine the same Of Cantabar taking first his name Like as I find report I can none other This Cantaber time of his liuing To Partholine he was Germane brother Duke in those daies in Ireland a great king Chiefe and principall cause of that building The wall about and towers as they stood Was set and built vpon a large floud Named Cantebro a large broad riuer And after Cante called Cantebro This famous citie this write the Chronicler Was called Cambridge rehearsing eke also In their booke these authors both two Touching the date as I rehearse can Fro thilke time that the world began Foure thousand complete by account cleare And three hundred by computation Ioyned thereto eight and fortie yeare When Cantebro gaue the foundation Of this Cittie and this famous towne And of this noble vniuersitie Set on this riuer which is called Cante And fro the great transmigration Of Kings reckoned in the Bible old Fro Ierusalem to Babilon Two hundred winter thirtie yeares told Thus to write mine author maketh me bold Then Cantebro as it well knoweth At Athens schooled in his youth All wits greatly did apply To haue acquaintance by great affection With folke expert in Philosophie From Athens he brought with him downe Philosophers most soueraigne of renowne Vnto Cambridge plainely this is the cause Anaximander and Anaxagoras With many other mine authors doth fare To Cambridge fast can him speed With Philosophers and let for no cost spare In the schooles to studie and to reede Of whose teaching great profit that gan spread And great increase rose of his doctine Thus of Cambridge the name gan first shine As chiefe schoole and Vniuersitie Vnto this time fro the day it began By cleare report in many a far countrey Vnto the raigne of Cassibelan A worthy prince and full knightly man As saine chronicles who with mighty hand Let Iulius Caesar to arriue in this land Fiue hundreth yeare ful thirty yere twenty Fro Babilons transmigration That Cassibelan raigned in Britaine Which by his notable royall discreation To encrease that studie of great affection I meane of Cambridge the Vniuersitie Franchised with many a libertie By meane of his royall fauor From countries about many a one Diuers schollers by diligent labour Made their resort of great affection To that studie great plentie there came downe To gather fruites of wisedome and science And sundrie flowers of sugred eloquence And as it is put eke in memorie How Iulius Caesar entring this region One Cassibelan after his victorie Tooke with him Clearkes of famous renowne FroÌ„ Cambridge led them â—â— Rome towne Thus by processe remembred heretoforne Cambridge was founded long ere Christ was borne Fiue hundred yere thirty eke nine In this matter ye get no more of me Rehearse I will no more at this time These remembrances haue great authority To be preferd of long antiquitie
For which by record all clearkes saine the same Ofheresie Cambridge bare neuer blame But sundry other Historiographers there are which imagining this antiquitie to be somewhat too far fetched affirme that the vniuersitie of Cambridge was long since erected in the time of Sigebert king of England sixe hundred and thirtie yeares after our Sauiors incarnation Moreouer they auerre that the name of this cittie was not deriued from that Cantaber but rather froÌ„ a bridge builded ouer the riuer Came passing by the towne Which opinion seemeth not absurd because this riuer being in former ages knowne by the name of Grant old writers affirme that the cittie was in the Saxon tongue commonly called Grantbridge Whensoeuer this cittie first was founded or by whom soeuer the vniuersitie was first erected which matter I will referre to the discussion of more learned antiquaries since mine intent is onely to set downe such schooles colledges as the same at this day doth containe most certainely true it is for the antiquitie and worthinesse thereof it may at this time worthily contend with the most ancient flourishing vniuersities of the world In Cambridge besides many other sumptuous and fairely builded edifices as publique schooles for lectures churches and such like there are at this day to be seene 15. goodly Halles and Colledges In the yeare of our redemption 1284. during the raigne of king Edward the first Hugh Balsham the 15. Bishop of Ely builded Saint Peters colledge commonly called Peter-house in a place where before had beene two ostles of schollers of exceeding great antiquitie The which colledge at this day maintaineth one maister 15. fellowes fiâ—e Bibleclearkes and eight poore schollers Clare hall was first founded by one Richard Badew at that time Chancellor of the vniuersitie and was by him named Vniuersity hall howbeit afterward by the assistance of Gualler Thaxted maister of the same hall not without the assent of the said R. Badew it was Ann. 1347. 21. yeares after the foundation thereof resigned to the Lady Elizabeth de Burgo widdow sometime the wife of Iohn de Burgo or Burgh Earle of Vlster in Ireland daughter to Gilbert Clare carle of Gloster The which Lady by the licence of K. Edward the 3. established finished the same changing the name therof willed that for euer after it should in memory of her family from whence she was descended be called Clare Hall In the yeare from our Sauiors incarnation 1347. the Lady Mary of S. Paule wife to Adomarus de Valentia Earle of Pembroke obtained licence of K. Edw. the 3. whose kinswoman she was to lay in Cambridge the foundation of a colledge for the which she bought 2. mesuages named it Pembroke Hall It sustameth at this present 1. maister 24. fellowes 7. Bibleclearks Edmond Gunuiel parson of Terington in Norfolke in the 22. yeare of king Edward the 3. obtained a licence at the suite of Sir Gualter de Manney to erect a colledge in Cambridge in a place where old houses dayly ready to fall did stand the which he with his money purchased This Edmond Gunuiel hauing at his decease great store of coine coÌ„mitted it to the fidelity trust of William BatemaÌ„ Bishop of Norwich to finish bring to perfection the work which he in his life had begun whose will the Bishop most faithfully did execute and not sparing his owne coâ—ers did much augment and increase the same Long after in our time Iohn Caius a wise and learned professor in the arte of Phisicke hath made the same more ample and more famous as well by adding new buildings thereunto as by increasing the number of students therein In so much that by the Queeues letters pattents it was granted him to be written accounted a founder thereof and the house to be called Gunuiel Caius colledge The fraternitie and guilde of Corpus Christi and of blessed Mary in Cambridge Henry Duke of Lancaster being at that time Alderman of the same Guild founded Corpus Christi colledge in the 24. yere of the raign of K. Edward the 3. obtaining licence of the same king to appropriate vnto this colledge for euer the aduouson of S. Bennets church standing before their gate William Bateman Bishop of Norwich in the yeare of our Lord God 1353. founded in Cambridge a colledge for studentes of the law and enduing the same with lands and possessions in honour of the blessed Trinity would haue it called Trinitie Hall of Norwich by the rents and reuenewes whereof are at this day maintained one maister ten fellowes as many Bible clearks King Henry the 6. a man in his life time much giuen to deuotion and alwaies enclined to do good in the 19. yeare of his raigne laid in Cambridge the foundation of a goodly colledge in honor of our blessed Ladie S. Nicholas the which then consisted of one maister and 12. schollers Not long after in the 21. yeare of his raigne altering the forme of his first foundation he changed the name of Maister into a Prouost much increased the number of studentes King Edwarde the fourth by authoritie of the parliament in great displeasure withdrew from this colledge so much land as his Predecessor by the same authoritie had procured but being at last with dayly intreatinges perswaded and ouercome with importunitie restored againe vnto the same the yearely value of â—00 markes on condition that they would account him for their founder and that in his name all their suites and writinges should be made This Colledge as appeareth by sondry euident signes king Henry once had purposed to make one of the most beautifullest houses in this land the platforme whereof who so desireth more particularly to know he shall find the same in M. Stowes Chronicle in the life of Henry the sixt at large described Queene Margaret wife to Henry the 6. and daughter to Rheiner king of Sicilie and Ierusalem began first to lay the foundation of Queenes Colledge and obtayned licence of the king to purchase for the same landes and rentes to the valew of two hundred poundes by the yeare but leauing the same vnperfect Queene Elizabeth wife to Ed. the 4. obtayning licence of the K. brought the same to a perfect end this Colledge standeth in the parish of S. Botolph in a common grounde called Goosegreene which was to that vse purchased by one Andrew Ducket with money which he did get by begging of well disposed people Katherine Hall was founded by one Robert Woodlarke Doctor of Diuinity and Prouost of Kinges Colledge in Cambridge in the honour of S. Katherine Virgin and Martyr in the yeare 1475. the which king Edwarde the 4. did allow for him and his successors and by his letters Patentes did confirme it to endure for euer therein at this day are sustained and nourished one Maister six fellowes and one Bible clearke Iesu Colledge was of old time a Monastery of religious women
vniuersities of our Christian world I should cut off two of the most noble and principall limmes or members of the same I haue at last altering my first resolution annexed them to the end thereof in such manner as neither of these vniuersities shall finde cause of discontentment and the curious reader depart as I hope well satisfied Concerning the antiquities priuiledges and erection of colledges in the one and the other I write nothing of mine owne inuention what I haue found in M. Camdens Chorographicall description of England concerning Oxforde and other Chronicles that haue I gathered and set downe to Cambridge some thinges haue I added not of my self but extracted out of certaine papers printed in Paules Churchyearde in the yeare of our Lorde one thousand fiue hundred seauenty two and written by a learned Maister of that Vniuersity Accept therefore curteous Reader in good part what here thou findest offered to thy view and discourage me not with thy frowne in my first attempt the faultes that are herein escaped if they proceede from the authors vnskilfulnes forgiue them considering that he is one that hath more vsually beene acquainted with the warlike sounde of martiall drums then with the schooles and Lectures of Philosophy if committed by the Printer amend them gentlie with thy penne so shall I euer rest Thine to vse Samuell Lewhenor The names of those Authors whose authorities are alleadged in his worke AEneas Silâ—ius Amnionus Marcellinâ—s Annales Coloniae Angelus Aretinus Angelus Politianus Andraeas Alciatus Architremius Arnoldus Ferronus in historia Galliae Aulus Gellius Ausonius Baldus iurisconsultus Blondus Caesaris commentaria Cicero Cornelius Tacitus Erasmus Roterodamus Hubert Thomas Iacobus Paiua Andradius in lib orthodoxaruÌ„ explicationuÌ„ Iohannes Bohemus de moribus gentium Iohannes Calamaeus Iahannes Goropius Leander Machiauell in historia Florentina Marlianus Martialis Poeta Martinus Cromerus in historiâ— Paloniae Mâ—â—â—ndorpius de Academijs Munsterus Nauclerus Ortelius Osorius Paulus Iouius Paulus Manutius Perotus Petrus Anchoranus Philippus de Commines Platina Plinins Polidorus Virgilius Possidonius Ptolomaeus Rhodoginus Raphael Volateranus Sabellicus Saluianus Episcopus Massiliae Sarabellus Seneta Suetonius Strabo Solinus Polyhistor A Table containing the names both Latine and English of such Cities as are described in this booke Colonia Agrippina Colen Moguntia Ments Herbipolis Wirtsburge Treueris Tryer. Tubinga Tubinge Ingolestadium Ingolestate Erfordia Erford Lypsia Leipsige Wittenberga Wittenberge Francofordia ad Oderam Frankforde vpon Oder Rostochium Rostoch Gripswaldum Gripswalde Friburgum Friburge Martpurgum Martpurge Dilinga Dilinge Vienna Austriae Vienna Louanium Louaine Duacum Douay Leodium Leige Lugdunum Batauorum Leiden Hafnia Copenhagen Roma Rome Venetia Venice Patauium Padua Bononia  Ferrara  Mediolanum Millan Papia Pauia Taurinum Turin Florentia Florence Pisa.  Sienna  Mutinum Modena Parisii alià s  Lutetiae Paris Pictauia Poictiers Lugdunum Lions Andegauum Angiers Auignion  Aurelia Orleance Biturigum Bourges Cadonium Caen.  Rhemes Burdegalis Burdeux Tolosa Tholouse Nemansus Nimes Mons pessulanus Mompeliers Visontium Bisanson Dola Dole Cracouia Cracow Posnania Posne Vilna The wilde Mons regius Koningsperg Praga Prage Olmutium Olmuts Toletum Toledo Hispalis Siuille Valentia  Granatum Granada Compostella S. Iago Vallis Oletana alias Pintia Valladolit Complutum Complute called of the Spaniards Alcala de Henares Salmantica Salamanca Lerida Ilerda Osca Huesca Vlissipona Lisbone Combra  Maiorica  Oxonium Oxforde Cantabrigia Cambridge Aberdonium Aberdone S. Andraeae S. Andrews THE VNIVERSITIES of Germanie Colen IT was in times passed an order vsed by most worthy excellent princes and best gouerned commonweales when they had conquered any forraine region to send into that place dwellers and inhabitants which people were then called Colonies Whereby occasion was giuen for new townes to be builded their countries conquered to be more assured to the conquerors thereof The Romaines a people excelling in all kinds of policie and discipline obseruing this order when they had placed their victorious ensignes in Germanie that they might with greater securitie defend and keepe the same which with great trauaile they had atchieued placed one of these Colonies on the banke of the riuer Rhenus neere to the ruines of an auncient Citie called Vbiopolis erected by the Vbij a nation inhabiting those territories long before our Sauiours natiuitie Whence it came to passe that the antique name of that Citie being quite forgotten and extinguished it was by reason of the Colonie therein remaining euer after called Colonia In processe of time about the yeare from the first creation of the world 4028. Agrippa the sonne in law of Augustus being by the Romains sent to gouerne those countries augmented reedified and fortified the same adding to the former name thereof Agrippina The inhabitants of this Citie were first conuerted vnto Christian religion by S. Materne the disciple of S. Peter After whose time although Theology was in Colen continually professed as writeth Wolphelme Abbot of Bruuiller yet was it taught rather in cloysters monasteries then in any publike schoole or place authorized for the same The Vniuersitie was instituted by Pope Vrbane the sixt at the instance of the senate and people of Colen in the yeare of our Sauiours incarnation 1388. This Bishop for the great loue and singular affection hee did beare to this flourishing commonwealth ancient Colonie of the Romains did not onely giue them full power and authoritie to conferre all degrees of scholasticall honour to the studentes therein but also confirmed vnto them by a publique charter the priuiledges of Paris This Academie consisteth now of foure parts of faculties that is to say Diuinitie Law Phisicke Philosophie Vnder Philosophie are contained the Mathematikes Poettie and profession of Languages Out of each of these faculties quarterly is chosen a Rector of the Vniuersitie On the euen of our Ladies annunciation as the Friers Carmelites on Saint Peter and Paules euen at the Praedicants on the vigile of S. Dionise at the Minorites on the vigile of S. Thomas the Apostle at the Augustine Fryers The office of this Rector is to assemble together the whole congregation of students to propound such thinges as are amongst them in the conuocation to be considered of by the common councell consent of all the graduates to establish and ratifie decrees to execute law and iustice to maintaine their priuiledges and his Rectorship expired by some publike testimonie of his learning to adorne the Vniuersity Beside many excellent places of exercise for Diuinitie Law Phisicke there are three publike schools wherein Humanitie and Philosophie with the other liberal sciences are of learned men learnedly professed and deliuered The first founder thereof Gerardus de monte is called Montanum The second from Laurence of Groning the first regent Laurentianum The fellowes and schollers of this Colledge follow the doctrine of Albertus Magnus and are named by the other students Albertists like
order of priesthood into this societie can no man be admitted that is not a gentleman or a Doctor or licentiate In this Church of Saint Lambert among diuers other rich iewels and reliques is to be seene a great image of Saint George on horsebacke all of pure gold which Charles Duke of Burgundie gaue for amendes of his rough handling this citie when he wan it by force Also in this towne are foure rich Abbeyes hauing euerie one a goodly librarie the principall whereof is the Abbey of S. Laurence there are three Nunneries and all the foure orders of Fryers some of the which haue two couentes There are 32. parish churches so many other chappels monasteries and hospitals within and without the towne that the whole number of Churches amounteth in all to one hundred Further in this citie are 32. companies which haue so great authoritie in the gouernment of the state that without their consent nothing can bee concluded or agreed on Ernestus Duke of Bauaria and Archbishop of Colen is at this day Bishop of that Sea The Bishopricke of Leige was first erected by Hubert sonne to Bertrand Duke of Aquitaine who being at Rome was made by the Pope Bishop of Maestricht in the place of Saint Lambert whome the people of Maestricht had murthered in the yeare 710. But he being come to take possession of this citie so much detested the inhabitants thereof for the foresaid impious and most haynous murther that he transported his Episcopall Sea to Liege and there built the Church of Saint Lambert and the Colledge afore mentioned all which he did with Pope Constantines consent about the yeare 713. and here at Liege he died and was after canonized for a Saint Since whome are numbred 57. Bishops of Leige The Bishop is chosen by the Chapter of S. Lambert confirmed by the people and lastly approued by the Pope He is not onely a Bishop but also a Prince of the Empire Duke of Buillon Marquesse of Francimont and Earle of Lootes and Hasbaine The reuenews of this Bishopricke are aboue 30000. Duckats by the yeare besides the beneuolence of his sâ—biectes which is a matter of no small importance if he vse them well and his spirituall iurisdiction and an infinite number of Prebends benefices and offices which he bestoweth at his pleasure Leiden LEiden is one of the sixe capitall Townes of Holland and chiefe of Rheineland situate in a flat and low countrey full of ditches and channels is beautified with many pleafant medows gardens arbors walks round about it Within it are enclosed 31. Ilands from one of the which to the other men go by boates and ouer and aboue these there are nine or ten other Ilands from the one of the which to the other bridges are built to passe ouer so that in this Towne are 145. bridges whereof 104. are of stone and the rest of wood In this Citie was erected an vniuersitie about the yeare 1564. by William late Prince of Orenge who was in the yeare 1584. suddenly slaine with a pistoll This Academie doth at this day exceedingly flourish and therein are with liberall stipendes maintained sundry learned professors of the liberall sciences In Leiden is a strong Castle which was said to bee founded by Hengist returning from the conquest of England and therein is a notable Well from whence the ancient family of Wassenar taketh name This Cittie hath vnder it 49. Boroughes and villages the most part whereof once a weeke bring all their good victuailes to sell in the towne which causeth it to abound with all thinges arising of the earth It hath also great plentie of fish both sea fish and fresh water fish and of water fowle beyonde all measure The women are excellently faire and the aire passing holsome But a little league from Leiden is the famous abbey of Reinsburge consisting of Nunnes all of noble houses the Abbesse whereof hath iurisdiction spirituall and temporall and the Abbey is endowed with so great reuenewes that euerie day aboue 2000. persons come thither to receiue reliefe Another such like Abbey of Ladies is also neere to Leiden called Terlee In all these Monasteries of Ladies and gentlewomen they may vntill they be entred into profession come forth and marrie and ordinarily they liue there many yeares before they professe themselues obseruing notwithstanding in the meane time their rules and orders very duely soberly and religiously Copenhagen in Denmarke IN the mouth or entrance of the Sounde called by Latine writers Sâ—nus Venedicus which diuideth the two kingdomes of Denmarke and Sweden lyeth an Iland named Selandia wherein are many strong townes and Castles and among the rest Coppenhagen the feare of the King and Metropolis of the Realme In this Citie was erected an vniuersitie by Christian Earle of Oldenburge in the yeare of saluation 1478. after he had gained the Regall Diademe For the which he obtained at the hands of Pope Sixtus the 4. the priuiledges of Bonònia This Academie was afterward augmented and enlarged by King Christian the third in the yeare 1498. and after him Fredericke the second in the yeare 1549. We reade that in the time of King Erec the sonne of Siwardus Anscharius Bishop of Hamburge caused the Gospell to be preached in Denmarke which the inhabitants for a short time seemed willingly to embrace but their King deceasing they againe returned as a dogge to his vomit to their infideâ—ity and Paganisme wherein they liued vntill the raigne of Swenotto father to Canutus the great so called because hee vanquished held in subiection fiue kingdomes namely Sweden Norway England Denmarke and Normandie About those times Poppo a religious man comming into the Countrey againe instructed them in the principles and rudiments of Christian religion which from that time vntill this day they haue retained The Vniuersities of Italie Rome ALllearned historiographers do with one common consent agree that Rome was so named from Romulus the sonne of Numitor Rhea Siluia who layed thereof the first foundation How the inhabitants thereof in processe of time by warlike chiualry dilated their Empire dominion ouer al the westerne world whosoeuer is desirous to know I must refer him to the learned Decades of Titus Liuius and sundry other ancient writers who haue alreadie filled the world with whole volumes of Romaine histories It being a matter of greater import then wel can be conteined in the breuitie of my vndertaken taske Wherefore although I find recorded in auncient hystories that the Romaines foreseeing the great vtilitie that would ensue by nourishing the artes receiued into their citie in the first infancie of their greatnesse with singular admiration the profession of learned sciences and that therein hath flourished a renowned Academie of long continuance erected 700. yeares before our Sauiours incarnation yet mine onely intent and purpose is to write of such patrones and benefactors as haue promoted and furthered the same and such priuiledges as haue thereunto beene graunted since it
brasen gates not farre from which is a tower of rare and admirable artifice which on the outside bendeth downeward so exceedingly that a stranger would continually feare the fall thereof but within it standeth perpendicularly right The thing of greatest wonder and admiration in this Cittie is the Churchyard whose earth doth in foure houres consume and conuert into it selfe the deceased carkase of a man Sienna WE find recorded in auncient histories that Sienna was once one of the Romaine Colonies which since in successe of time hath beene of much greatnesse and command hauing subiected vnto her dominion many lands and territories Others write that when Bremius led his armie of Gaules called Senonenses into Italie about 382. yeares before Christes natiuitie this Citie was by them founded and so named Some other number among the new and latest erected Citties of Italie because therein appeare no markes or footsteppes of antiquitie Whensoeuer or by whomsoeuer the first foundation thereof was laide I finde for certayne that it is a most fayte and spatious Cittie well fenced and munited with Towers and Fortresses The Countrey thereabout being full of pastures and herbage exceeding all the neighboring prouinces in fruitfulnes and fertility doth cause in the Citty great plenty and aboundance of corne wine oyle sheepe and oxen and whatsoeuer else is necessarie to sustaine the life of man That an Vniuersity was herein long since erected appeareth by the autentique testimony of sondry learned Historiographers Cardinall Sarabellus a learned ciuill Lawyer affirmeth that this Academy did in the first beginning thereof suffer so many vexations and indignities that it no sooner beganne a little to flourish but it was againe depressed and extinguished which I the rather am induced to belieue when I reade of the implacable hatred and irreconciliable enmity that was betweene them and the Florentines during the furious outrages committed in Italy by the factions of the Guelphy and Gibellini They were also much vexed and molested by Spanish Garrisons maintayned in the towne which in the yeare 1552. shee violently expelled thence it enioyed afterwardes much peace and tranquility vnder the protection of the Almaine Emperours but in the yeare 1558. it was wholy rendred to the Duke of Florence vnder whose iurisdiction it now continueth Petrus Ancoranus confesseth that himself being sent for by the Counsell of Sienna in the yeare 1357. did in this Vniuersity three yeares publikely professe the ciuill law Volaterranus writeth that in the time of Pope Iohn the second a great enemy to the Bononian Academy Dinus came to Sienna where then al manner of studies exceedingly did flourish Panormitanus Paulus Gastrensis Bartholomeus Soenius Philippus Decius Hugo Senensis Augustinus Dathus and many other of great learning and singular wisedome did with their liues adorn and make famous this renowned Academy Franciscus Philelphus being at variance with Cosmio de Medices left Florence where before he had professed Rhetorike and taught at Sienna Pope Iulius the third and Marcellus the second were both schollers in this Vniuersity In this Citty was borne A Eneas Siluius who afterwarde aspiring to the Papacy was named Pius the second by whose bounty and beneuolence this Academy was with many priuiledges adorned This Vniuersity sayeth Panormitane enioyeth the priuiledges of Panonia Therin as writeth Cacciolupus is a goodly colledge called Domus Sapientiae where the studentes by daylie practise and disputations and priuate exercises are greatlie profited Modena AZo a learned professor of the ciuill law writing of the liberall sciences studied with priuiledge professed in Rome and Constantinople sayeth that it was at first onely lawfull for the ciuill law to be taught publikely in those imperiall citties notwithstanding the same was afterward by the Popes and Emperours licensed openly to bee reade and expounded in sondry other citties especially in the Vniuersities of Banonia and Modena When this Cittie was erected or by whome the Vniuersitie was priuiledged I do not remember that I haue reade in any Author THE VNIVERSITIES of France Paris PAris the Metropolis of France was founded as some say by Iulius Caesar and first called Iulia others referre the originall thereof to further antiquitie and contend that the foundation thereof was layed by one Parise descended of the line of â—aphet from whence they will haue the cittie to bee named Whomsoeuer we shal imagine to haue been the first author thereof the discussion of which matter I will leaue to more learned Antiquaries this is most certaine that shee may at this day worthilie contend for soueraignity with the proudest citie of the world Shee surmounteth far all other citties not of France onely but of Europe for huge and incomparable greatnes for concourse of Marchantes no Emporie of Christendome is more frequented for the commodiousnes of the Vniuersity no studentes in this vast and wide circuite of the world are better accommodated It was called Lutetia from the latine word Lutum which signifieth durt because that the streets in her for mer age being then not paued with stone abounded with durt and myte by reason of the innumerable multitude of people that repayred from all quarters corners of the world The riuer Sequana deuiding this cittie in the middest maketh thereof two partes or sides The first side contayneth the Vniuersity and Colledges of the studentes The other side onely beareth the name of the cittie The Emperour Charles the great to his eternal memory and euerlasting praise did first ordayne and institute this reuerend and most worthy to bee renowned mother of so many forrain Vniuersities at the earnest suite and instigation of Alcuinus whose scholler he had beene For wee reade in ancient Chronicles that when venerable Bede sent ouer into France those two learned Fryers of whome we had occasion to speake in the description of the Pauian Vniuersity Alcuinus perceyuing the prompt and ready minde the Emperour did beare vnto men skilfull in learned studies made earnest request vnto him to design in Paris some conuenient place for publike profession of the artes whereunto the Emperour condiscending immediately this new erected Academic exceedinglie beganne to flourish and is at this time the most renowned Nursery of the arts that euer was in Europe planted Since the time of that renowned Emperour it made great experience of the bounty and liberality of the kinges of France who haue beautified it from time to time with many sumptuous aedifices adorned it with many high and noble priuiledges and endued it with many rich and princelie reuenewes King Lewes the ninth imitating the fact of Iulius Caesar to the end that the number of studentes dayly might be encreased in this renowned seminarie of good letters graunted vnto them by Charles tl ese ample priuiledges We will and command that all and euery person or persons borne in whatsoeuer climate or nation of the world being or willing to be of the body and incorporation of the Parisian
in the base courtwherof are 6 schooles faire and large the first for Grammer the second for Poetrie the third for Rhetorique the fourth for Philosophie the fift for Diuinitie the sixt for cases of conscience named of schoolemen Positiua Theologia Therein also are many faire and spacious roomes purposely prouided for publike disputations This cittie containeth many goodly Monasteries especially one belonging to the Friers Bernardines of most curious and excellent Architecture Therein also is allowed one church for the Protestants because the Woywod or Count Palatine thereof the noblest of the Radziuilli professeth if any that religion An other church in like manner is granted vnto the professors of Luther anisme with a peculiar place of buriall The religion in this citie generally professed is that of the Russes who haue there many sumptuous temples They hold in all points the religion of the Grecians which because in some few articles it differeth from the Romaine faith is by the Catholiques helde as schismaticall The Iewes also are here permitted to haue their Sinagogue wherein weekely they solemnize their Sabbothes Neere vnto this cittie namely in the suburbs thereof and villages neere vnto adioyning dwel great multitudes of Tartars which vse their natiue Tartarian language and the Mahumetane religion They serue as cariers for the inhabitants Marchants of the countrey to transport wares from one cittie vnto another and from one kingdome to another In one of these Tartars sleddes which are wagons without wheeles I trauelled from Reuell in Leifland vnto this citie where hauing spent fiue weekes in my iourney I arriued about the latter end of October and stayed there vntill the Easter following The reason that I trauelled in winter was because the countrey is in the spring and summer time so full of fennes and marishes proceeding from the dissolution of the snow which all the winter long couereth the grounde that the passages through the same are then most difficile laborious but in the depth of winter the riuers the marishes as also the snow is by the cold Northerne wind so harde congealed that the cariages most heauily laden haue then their easiest passages the grounde at that season being all white with snow is not vnlike to the Ocean wherein the trauellers are constrained to vse the sunne by day and obserue the stars by night for their direction There are in Vilna two castles at the Northeast end of the towne the one old and â—uinous standing on the top of a hill the other new lying in the plaine at the foot thereof where is also the kings pallace The Lithuanians Polonians Russians and Muscouites vse all one manner of attire and armes though in language they all differ the one from the other their apparrell is like vnto the Turkes which vse altogether long robes their armes are launces and short semitares their armies consist altogether of horsemen footmen in that countrey being able to performe smal seruice They vse in their dyet immoderate gluttonie and drunkennesse though the whole countrey is voide of wine their drink is an excellent kind of meade wherewith euery priuate mans house is plenteously furnished The reason why this countrey yeeldeth such plenty therof proceedeth from the innumerable multitudes of Bees which of themselues breed in the forrests of Fyrretrees in so much that I haue seene aboue 1000. trees in one place burnt to ashes onely for the honie which they contained THE VNIVERSITIES of Bohemia and Morauia Prage PRage is a great and renowned citie lying in the middle or center of Bohemia whilome a Dukedome exalted to a kingdome by the Emperous Henry the fourth in a dyet or generall assembly of the Princes of Germany at Ments where Vladislaus was declared King This Citie containeth foure seuerall townes euery Towne hauing their peculiar market places prisons Magistrates lawes and customes The chiefe and principall is that which they call the old towne a place adorned with many ancient and goodly edifices a faire and spacious market place with a stately and sumptuous Senate house whereunto is annexed a clocke of curious and costly workemanship which Clocke hath on the top this inscription in great Romaine letters PRAGA CAPVT REGNI And vnderneath Hoc monumentum S. P. Q. Pragensis aeternitati dicauit The second part they name the new Towne which is diuided from the old with a ditch of great depth widenesse it hath also a market place of huge and incredible largenesse called the Oxe market at the west ende thereof is also a strong and well builded Senate house with a clocke curiously wrought yet not so full of cost nor cunning as the former At the West end is a monasterie of incredible antiquitie called Emaus contayning many goodly pictures most artificially limmed in this Cloister the people are by the Popes indulgence permitted to receiue the Sacrament of the Altar vnder both kindes The third part because in magnitude and spaciousnes it is inferior vnto the two former though in sumptuousnes of buildings it exceedeth both of them is called the little towne which diuideth it selfe from the old towne with a costly and magnificent bridge of free stone ouer the Multaue containing 24. arches which was erected at the cost and charges of Vladislaus before mentioned on the South side of this bridge lyeth a small Iland called by the inhabitants little Venice wherein the citizens on Sundaies holidaies for their recreation vse all manner of pastimes gaming This riuer in winter season though it bee fully as broade or broader then the Thames at London is yearely so hard frozen that carts loden do dayly passe ouer the same at which time the citizens do fill their sellers with the ice thereof which in summer time they drinke mingled with their wines This part of the towne hath also his peculiar lawes customes magistrates prisons market place and Senate house and is inuironed on all partes saue on that side which with the riuer is sufficiently defended with a wall of great circumference contayning within the same many waste grounds and vineyardes This part of the Cittie lyeth at the foote of a hill called the Rachine whereon are many faire and beautifull pallaces of sundry noble men On the top thereof standeth the castle wherein the Emperour is continually resident ouer looking with great maiestie the whole cittie lying vnderneath Vnto this Castle adioyneth the Cathedrall church consecrated to S. Vite wherein is to bee seene the shrine of the said Saint together with the tombes and sepultures of many Kinges and Emperours At the westerne end of this church is erected a little Chappell built of rich Iasper stone with most curious and costly workemanship wherein is enshrined the bodie of S. Vinceslaus before whose sepulcher diuine seruice is dayly celebrated The memory of this Saint is to this day among the Bohemians held in great regard and estimation He was sonne to Vladislaus the second Christian Duke after whose
of S. Radegunde which Monastery being destitute of gouernement the aedifices fallen in decay the goodes and ornaments of the Church wasted the lands diminished and in conclusion a small number of Nuns left being but two whereof the one ready to depart and the other an infant were brought into such pouerty that they were not able to relieue themselus and therefore forced to depart they left the house desolate whereupon Iohn Alcote the 29. Bishop of Ely obtayned licence of king Henry the 7. in the yeare 1497. to founde in the place thereof a colledge for 6. fellowes and 6. schollers the rentes whereof being afterward at seuerall times much amplified by fondry benefactors it now maintayneth one Maister 17. Fellowes and as many schollers Christes Colledge was first begunne by king Henry the 6. and after his decease brought to perfection by the Lady Margaret Countesse of Richmonde and Derby daughter and heire of Iohn Duke of Somerset and mother of king Henry the 7. in a place where sometime stoode the Colledge of Gods house which colledge because it neuer was fully finished shee obtayned of the king her sonne his charter dated the first day of Maye in the 20. yeare of his raigne and the yeare of our Lord 1505. to encrease the number of students there translating it according to her disposit on It sustaineth at this day one Maister thirteen Fellows fifty nine schollers and fifteene Sisers The same Lady Margaret Countesse of Richmond procured licence of her Nephew king Henry the eight to conuert into a colledge in the honour of S. Iohn the Euangelist a certain house of religious persons which first was an Hospitall of regular Canons founded by Nigellus the second Bishop of Ely 1134 and translated from that order many yeares after by Hugh Balsam Bishoppe of Ely The said Lady departing out of this world before that princely worke of hers was fullie finished gaue in charge the performance thereof to her Executors Richard Foxe Bishoppe of VVinchester Iohn Fisher Bishop of Rochester Charles Somerset L. Herbert after created Earle of VVorcester Sir Thomas Louel Sir Henry Marney and Sir Iohn S. Iohn Knightes Henry Horneby and Hugh Ashton clearkes who wel discharged the trust committed vnto them and faithfully did execute the will of the deceased Lady it maintayneth at this day one Maister fifty one Fellowes seauentie Schollers and nine Sisers Edwarde Duke of Buckingham comming to Cambridge in the yeare of our Lord 1519. and remayning there the space of certaine dayes conuerted a certain house builded for Monks of fondry Abbyes sent to the Vniuersity to studie into a colledge and builded thereto a hall At length after the generall suppression of Monasteries Thomas Audley Baron of VValden and Chancelor of England endowing the same with lands and possessions by act of Parliament and charter of king Henry the eight in the 3â— year of his raign became sole founder thereof committing the same vnto the tutele protection of S. Marie Magdalen in the yeare of our Lord 1â—42 but being preuented by suddaine death before hee could bring to passe what hee intended he left his colledge vnperfect and vnfinished so that at this day there are therein sustained onelie one Maister fiue Fellowes and one Bibleclearke Trinity Colledge was first founded and erected by the king of famous memory Henry the eight the royall Father of our gratious Soueraigne Queene Elizabeth in the yeare of our Lorde 1546. the 20. day of Ianuary the Kinget hall S. Michaels house and Phisicke Ostle were ioyned together for the better sustentation and aide of so noble an enterprise and worke to endure for euermore which Colledge doth at this present flourish with one Maister 60. Fellowes 62. schollers 4. Chaplaines 13. Sisers 24. poore Almesmen 6. singing men one Maister of the Choristers 10. Choristers three Readers one of Diuinity another of Greeke and a thirde of Hebrew Emanuel Colledge was lately founded on the house groundes of the Dominicke Fryers in the Preachers streete at the cost and charges of Sir Walter Mildmay knight Chancelor Vnder Treasurer of the Exchequer one of the Priuie Councell to our Soueraigne Ladie Queene Elizabeth about the year 1584. The Vniuersities of Scotland IN Scotland onely are two priuiledged Academies whereof the most ancient and best knowne is S. Andrewe erected in the yeare after our Sauiours incarnation 1411 the other is Aberdon instituted by VVilliam Elphinstone Bishop of Aberdone in the yeare of our Lorde God 1480. vnder the raigne of Iames the third of that name king of Scots FINIS Colonia Agrippina What a Colonie is Colen reedified and so named by the Romaines The coÌ„uersion of Colen vnto Christian religion The first erection of the Vniuersitie The vnâ—uersity in Colen consisteth of foure parts The office of the Rector or president of the Academy The Colledges for students in Colen Collegium Montanum Collegium LaurentianuÌ„ Collegium nouum Coronarum Schola trilinguis Three thinges wherewith Colen is chiefly adorned The flourishing estate of the clergie in Colen These are coÌ„monly called the 3. kings of Colen whose reliques were brought from Millan at the instance of Reinold Archbishop of Colen when that cittie was surprised by the Emperour Fredericke in the yeare 1165 The Archbishop of Colen a Prince elector The flourishing estate of Colen much hindered by ciuill dissention Engelbertus Archbishop of Colen murdered by Earle Fredericke Earle Fredericke put to death A battaile fought betwixt the citizens Cleargie for the gouernment of the Citie wherein the citizens preuailed A generall councell held at Colen Euphrata an Arrian hereâ— tike condemned Basilia Basiâ—l diuided by the Rheine into two parts Sundry opinions concerning the etimologie of the name of Basill Basill destroyed by the Hunnes The erection of the vniuersitie in Basill The Charter of Pope Pius the second for the ratification thereof A generall councell held in Basill Erasmus Rot. buried Moguntia The situation of Ments A bridge built ouer the Rhein by Charles the great Ments destroied by Carocuâ— 7. Archbishops in Germany The Citie repaired by Dagobertus S. Boniface an Englishman Hatto deuoured with Rats Willigisus the first Archbishop that aspired to the Electorship Dietheruâ— founder of the Vniuersitie This councell decreed that men should belieue as an article of their faith that our Ladie was conceiued without sinne But this councell was not confirmed in anything it decreed quoad sidem vt pates in bulla Nicholai 5. The arte of printing first inuented in this Citie by Iohn Gutenberge Some say it first was inuented at Harlem in Holland and brought to perfection at Ments A generall Councell assembled at Ments Henry the 3. Emperour excommunicated by the Pope Herbipolis The originall of Wirtsburg The antiquity thereof Sundry opinions concerning the name thereof The situation of Wirtsburg The Bishopricke erected The Cathedrall Church founded The Domeherne A generall Councell assembled The institution of the Vniuersitie The Vniuersitie decâ—ied by ciuil