Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	call_v	name_n	river_n	8,354	5	7.2679	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A30864	The art of metals in which is declared the manner of their generation and the concomitants of them : in two books / written in Spanish by Albaro Alonso Barba ... curate of St. Bernards parish in the imperial city of Potosi, in the kingdom of Peru in the West-Indies, in the year 1640 ; translated in the year 1669 by the R. H. Edward, Earl of Sandwich.; Arte de los metales. English	Barba, Alvaro Alonso, b. 1569.; Sandwich, Edward Montagu, Earl of, 1625-1672.	1674 (1674)	Wing B682; Wing B678; ESTC R17204	82,457	255

command_v the_o mine_n to_o be_v stop_v up_o chap._n 12._o of_o the_o generation_n of_o stone_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v some_o very_a active_a principle_n or_o virtue_n that_o operate_v in_o the_o generation_n of_o stone_n as_o well_o as_o upon_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o universe_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o generation_n and_o corruption_n but_o the_o difficulty_n lie_v in_o know_v what_o that_o principle_n be_v because_o it_o operate_v in_o no_o determinate_a place_n but_o sometime_o stone_n be_v make_v in_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cloud_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o water_n and_o in_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n avicena_n and_o albertus_n think_v the_o matter_n whereof_o stone_n be_v make_v to_o be_v a_o mixture_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o if_o the_o great_a part_n be_v water_n it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o liquor_n but_o if_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v earth_n than_o it_o be_v call_v dirt_n or_o clay_n that_o clay_n which_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v stone_n of_o must_v be_v tough_a and_o slimy_a such_o as_o brick_n pot_n and_o other_o earthen_a vessel_n be_v make_v of_o for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o such_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o fire_n have_v consume_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o dirt_n it_o will_v not_o hang_v together_o but_o crumble_v into_o earth_n and_o dust_n it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o the_o liquor_n which_o be_v to_o be_v convert_v into_o stone_n be_v very_o slimy_a the_o experience_n whereof_o we_o find_v in_o our_o own_o body_n the_o physician_n be_v general_o of_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o stone_n be_v beget_v in_o the_o reins_o and_o bladder_n of_o slimy_a tough_a humour_n bake_v hard_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o body_n this_o opinion_n touch_v petrify_a liquor_n be_v confirm_v past_o all_o question_n by_o the_o experiment_n of_o that_o famous_a water_n in_o this_o kingdom_n of_o peru_n near_o unto_o guancavelica_n which_o they_o take_v and_o put_v into_o mould_n of_o what_o form_n and_o bigness_n they_o please_v and_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o sun_n for_o a_o few_o day_n whereby_o it_o be_v make_v perfect_a stone_n and_o they_o build_v their_o house_n with_o it_o all_o the_o cattle_n that_o drink_v it_o die_v and_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o conjecture_v the_o reason_n in_o a_o mountain_n call_v pacocava_n a_o league_n from_o the_o mine_n of_o verenguela_fw-mi de_fw-fr pajage_n there_o be_v spring_n of_o this_o liquor_n the_o colour_n whereof_o be_v whitish_a incline_v to_o yellow_a that_o as_o it_o run_v along_o condense_n into_o very_o hard_a and_o weighty_a stone_n of_o different_a shape_n moreover_o any_o porous_a substance_n that_o can_v suck_v this_o kind_n of_o liquor_n into_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o be_v turn_v into_o stone_n and_o of_o those_o i_o have_v see_v tree_n and_o limb_n and_o bone_n of_o beast_n turn_v into_o hard_a stone_n in_o the_o city_n de_fw-fr plata_fw-la i_o have_v see_v stick_v of_o wood_n take_v out_o of_o that_o great_a river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n so_o much_o of_o which_o as_o have_v remain_v cover_v with_o the_o water_n be_v convert_v into_o very_o fine_a stone_n i_o see_v also_o the_o tooth_n and_o bone_n of_o giant_n that_o be_v dug_n up_o in_o tarija_n turn_v into_o heavy_a and_o hard_a stone_n stone_n have_v their_o substantial_a form_n which_o make_v they_o differ_v specifical_o yet_o because_o we_o can_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o in_o our_o definition_n we_o be_v fain_o by_o way_n of_o periphrasis_n to_o make_v use_n of_o accident_n and_o property_n every_o several_a form_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v accompany_v with_o particular_a virtue_n as_o remarkable_a as_o those_o of_o animal_n or_o plant_n and_o proportion_v to_o the_o length_n of_o time_n nature_n take_v in_o its_o generation_n but_o because_o plant_n and_o animal_n be_v to_o have_v so_o different_a disposition_n and_o to_o produce_v such_o various_a and_o admirable_a effect_n they_o can_v be_v of_o so_o uniform_a and_o well_o mingle_v a_o temperament_n as_o the_o stone_n be_v nor_o be_v their_o soft_a and_o gentle_a substance_n capable_a to_o endure_v so_o much_o force_v as_o neither_o be_v the_o hardness_n of_o the_o stone_n fit_v for_o the_o produce_v variety_n of_o several_a shape_n and_o therefore_o in_o they_o be_v find_v no_o leaf_n flower_n fruit_n hand_n nor_o foot_n as_o in_o plant_n and_o animal_n though_o they_o have_v a_o great_a virtue_n of_o another_o kind_n chap._n 13._o of_o the_o difference_n of_o stone_n one_o from_o another_o all_o sort_n of_o stone_n be_v reducible_a under_o some_o of_o these_o five_o follow_a species_n 1._o if_o they_o be_v small_a very_o scarce_o and_o very_o hard_a of_o substance_n and_o have_v lustre_n they_o be_v call_v precious_a stone_n 2._o if_o they_o be_v of_o great_a magnitude_n although_o they_o be_v rare_a and_o have_v lustre_n they_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o marble_n 3._o if_o in_o break_v they_o fall_v into_o splinter_n or_o scale_n they_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o flint_n 4._o if_o they_o be_v of_o a_o small_a grain_n they_o be_v pebble_n 5._o those_o that_o have_v none_o of_o the_o abovesaid_a qualification_n be_v rock_n or_o ordinary_a stone_n but_o the_o miner_n for_o the_o better_a distinction_n of_o the_o sort_n of_o stone_n wherein_o metal_n be_v engender_v use_v peculiar_a name_n for_o they_o for_o example_n a_o kind_n of_o stone_n like_o pebble_n which_o contain_v gold_n silver_n or_o any_o orhe_a metal_n they_o call_v guijos_n which_o breed_v a_o rich_a vein_n of_o metal_n than_o any_o other_o stone_n cachi_n another_o sort_n of_o stone_n white_a like_o alabaster_n soft_a and_o easy_a to_o break_v in_o piece_n be_v all_o this_o country_n call_v salt_n much_o lead_n be_v engender_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o stone_n in_o the_o vein_n of_o metale_n paco_n which_o be_v the_o name_n the_o miner_n here_o give_v unto_o their_o silver_n oar._n chumpi_fw-la which_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v of_o a_o grey_a colour_n be_v a_o stone_n of_o the_o kind_n of_o esmeril_n mix_v with_o iron_n it_o shine_v a_o little_a and_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o work_v because_o it_o resist_v the_o fire_n much_o it_o be_v find_v in_o potosi_n and_o chocaya_n and_o other_o place_n with_o the_o black_a metal_n and_o rosiclere_n lamacrudria_n be_v that_o stone_n which_o be_v close_o compact_v and_o solid_a and_o show_v not_o the_o least_o grain_n nor_o porousness_n when_o you_o break_v it_o and_o be_v of_o a_o yellow_a colour_n and_o sometime_o high_o colour_v as_o blood-red_a almaclaneta_fw-mi be_v the_o name_n they_o give_v another_o kind_n of_o stone_n which_o be_v very_o solid_a and_o weighty_a of_o a_o dark_a colour_n always_o find_v in_o the_o company_n of_o rich_a metal_n which_o be_v engender_v in_o it_o when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v corrupt_v and_o rot_v as_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v do_v in_o the_o govijos_n it_o grow_v upon_o the_o flint_n of_o the_o gold_n mine_n and_o those_o of_o copper_n and_o silver_n amolaclera_fw-la or_o whetstone_n be_v that_o ordinary_a stone_n which_o be_v common_o make_v use_n of_o for_o that_o purpose_n and_o so_o know_v to_o every_o body_n divers_a rich_a metal_n grow_v upon_o it_o but_o most_o common_o los_fw-es cobriscos_fw-la the_o vein_n of_o silver_n be_v rare_a and_o inconsiderable_a that_o be_v find_v in_o pit-coal_n although_o it_o be_v a_o more_o proper_a bed_n for_o gold_n other_o stone_n that_o grow_v in_o mine_n or_o cleave_v unto_o the_o metal_n they_o call_v cique_n and_o also_o caxas_n which_o be_v rough_a and_o uneven_a but_o not_o very_o hard_a nor_o very_o spungy_a and_o common_o have_v nothing_o of_o metal_n in_o they_o although_o in_o some_o rich_a mine_n they_o be_v infect_v with_o some_o little_a by_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o oar._n the_o stone_n of_o potosi_n call_v vilacique_n have_v be_v and_o be_v very_o famous_a for_o the_o abundance_n of_o silver_n get_v out_o of_o they_o and_o be_v one_o of_o the_o ingredient_n that_o make_v this_o province_n without_o comparison_n vila_n signify_v blood_n in_o peru_n or_o any_o red_a thing_n and_o for_o the_o streak_n of_o red_a this_o stone_n have_v in_o it_o they_o call_v it_o vilecique_n chap._n 14._o of_o precious_a stone_n precious_a stone_n be_v either_o transparent_a as_o the_o diamant_n be_v or_o obscure_a as_o the_o onyx_n or_o between_o both_o as_o the_o sandonyx_n and_o the_o jasper_n it_o be_v the_o water_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a cause_n of_o clearness_n and_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o opacity_n of_o they_o so_o that_o the_o reason_n why_o they_o excel_v one_o the_o other_o in_o lustre_n and_o transparency_n be_v from_o the_o variety_n of_o humour_n congeal_v together_o to_o compose_v they_o which_o be_v some_o of_o they_o more_o

unto_o larecaja_n join_v tipuane_a a_o country_n inhabit_v by_o savage_a indian_n with_o who_o we_o have_v have_v war_n and_o make_v incursion_n upon_o they_o ever_o since_o the_o build_n of_o the_o city_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr paz_n where_o i_o be_v present_a and_o be_v now_o above_o twenty_o year_n ago_o this_o country_n be_v so_o large_o report_v to_o be_v rich_a in_o gold_n that_o it_o be_v incredible_a unless_o so_o many_o eye-witness_n have_v affirm_v it_o the_o proper_a name_n of_o this_o city_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr paz_n be_v chaquiyapu_n which_o we_o corrupt_o call_v chuquiabo_fw-la which_o in_o the_o language_n of_o this_o country_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v chacra_n or_o the_o farm_n of_o gold_n it_o have_v abundance_n of_o mine_n in_o it_o that_o be_v wrought_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ingas_n it_o be_v a_o soil_n general_o know_v to_o be_v fertile_a of_o metal_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o rain_v the_o boy_n often_o pick_v up_o gold_n in_o the_o street_n in_o small_a bit_n like_o the_o kernel_n of_o apple_n especial_o in_o that_o street_n that_o go_v down_o to_o the_o river_n by_o the_o convent_n of_o the_o predicadore_v and_o in_o the_o valley_n of_o coroico_n and_o other_o which_o they_o call_v andes_fw-fr de_fw-fr chuquiabo_fw-la in_o the_o cliff_n of_o the_o rock_n gold_n be_v find_v of_o a_o grey_a colour_n on_o the_o outside_n like_v unto_o lead_n the_o silver_n mine_n of_o the_o famous_a town_n of_o st._n philip_n of_o austria_n oruro_n be_v encompass_v round_o about_o with_o other_o hill_n in_o which_o there_o be_v many_o rich_a vein_n of_o pure_a gold_n which_o have_v be_v wrought_v heretofore_o at_o present_a there_o be_v only_o one_o wrought_v and_o that_o by_o my_o persuasion_n upon_o the_o ridge_n of_o that_o mountain_n that_o run_v over_o the_o silver-mill_n which_o they_o call_v de_fw-fr las_fw-fr sepolturas_fw-la the_o oar_n whereof_o be_v well_o ground_n to_o powder_n and_o ensay_v by_o quicksilver_n yield_v a_o considerable_a profit_n they_o have_v not_o follow_v any_o more_o of_o the_o vein_n for_o want_v of_o industry_n their_o common_a trade_n be_v get_v of_o silver_n or_o which_o i_o rather_o believe_v because_o in_o those_o vein_n they_o have_v already_o wrought_v they_o have_v not_o get_v so_o much_o gold_n as_o they_o expect_v although_o that_o ought_v not_o to_o discourage_v they_o because_o it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v suppose_v that_o where_o so_o many_o vein_n of_o gold_n be_v there_o be_v some_o of_o they_o very_o rich_a if_o they_o have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o light_v upon_o they_o the_o same_o which_o daily_a experience_n have_v show_v in_o the_o mine_n of_o silver_n the_o bound_n of_o chayanta_n be_v full_a of_o vein_n of_o gold_n and_o have_v some_o ancient_a mine_n already_o sink_v in_o they_o and_o in_o the_o sand_n of_o its_o river_n which_o be_v call_v el_fw-es rio_n grande_fw-fr kernel_n of_o gold_n be_v find_v and_o in_o the_o river_n of_o tinquepaya_n seven_o league_n from_o this_o city_n of_o potosi_n they_o have_v find_v gold_n also_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o paccha_n chuquichuqui_fw-la and_o presto_fw-it near_o unto_o the_o city_n of_o chuquisaca_n there_o be_v many_o cave_n out_o of_o which_o they_o have_v get_v some_o show_n of_o gold_n the_o like_a also_o be_v find_v from_o the_o river_n sopachuy_n up_o unto_o the_o chiriguanes_n where_o it_o be_v hold_v for_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v rich_a mine_n of_o gold_n which_o the_o indian_n have_v this_o year_n offer_v to_o discover_v unto_o we_o the_o river_n of_o st._n juan_n which_o run_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o province_n of_o the_o chiquas_fw-la where_o it_o join_v with_o the_o calchaguy_n be_v very_o full_a of_o gold_n in_o esmoraca_n and_o chillio_n of_o the_o same_o province_n the_o ancient_a gold_n mine_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v there_o be_v one_o hill_n of_o the_o lip_n which_o be_v near_o unto_o colcha_n which_o have_v gold_n in_o it_o there_o be_v a_o mine_n also_o three_o league_n from_o this_o town_n in_o a_o place_n they_o call_v abitanis_n which_o in_o the_o lipean_a language_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v the_o mine_n of_o gold_n i_o believe_v for_o a_o certain_a also_o that_o there_o be_v gold_n in_o the_o province_n of_o atacama_n because_o of_o the_o abundance_n of_o fine_a lapis_fw-la lazuli_fw-la which_o be_v find_v there_o in_o which_o gold_n be_v engender_v chap._n 27._o of_o silver_n and_o the_o mine_n thereof_o silver_n be_v the_o most_o perfect_a of_o all_o metal_n except_o gold_n whereunto_o it_o come_v so_o near_o as_o to_o want_v nothing_o but_o the_o colour_n and_o therefore_o those_o that_o most_o of_o all_o oppose_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o transmutation_n of_o metal_n one_o into_o another_o do_v yet_o hold_v it_o possible_a to_o turn_v silver_n into_o gold_n because_o the_o colour_n only_o be_v want_v the_o fire_n and_o artificial_a concoction_n can_v supply_v that_o whereof_o there_o be_v many_o experiment_n from_o the_o good_a mixture_n and_o fineness_n of_o its_o part_n proceed_v its_o endure_v the_o fire_n with_o very_o little_a waste_n as_o also_o its_o be_v tough_a and_o malleable_a and_o endure_v the_o draw_v out_o into_o very_o thin_a leaf_n and_o small_a wire_n if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o common_a trade_n to_o do_v it_o it_o will_v not_o be_v believe_v to_o be_v possible_a that_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n shall_v be_v draw_v out_o into_o 1400_o yard_n of_o wire_n and_o it_o be_v yet_o more_o admirable_a that_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v make_v gild_a wire_n with_o only_o six_o grain_n of_o gold_n so_o that_o although_o silver_n can_v be_v extend_v to_o admiration_n yet_o gold_n be_v a_o hundred_o time_n more_o ductile_a than_o it_o one_o ounce_n of_o gold_n suffer_v its_o self_n to_o be_v beat_v to_o that_o thinness_n as_o to_o overspread_v ten_o hanegada_n of_o land_n in_o the_o mine_n oftentimes_o silver_n be_v find_v white_a and_o pure_a and_o like_a as_o it_o be_v wire_n weave_v one_o within_o the_o other_o between_o the_o rock_n which_o the_o spaniard_n call_v metal_n machacada_n such_o as_o be_v find_v in_o that_o mine_n they_o call_v the_o turk_n in_o the_o province_n of_o carangas_n in_o choquepina_n a_o mine_n of_o the_o ingas_n two_o league_n from_o berenguela_n in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o pacage_n in_o the_o mountain_n that_o i_o discover_v and_o register_v half_o a_o league_n from_o the_o work_n of_o st._n christopher_n in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o lip_n in_o yaco_n of_o the_o province_n of_o the_o charcas_n which_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o its_o oar_n yield_v rich_a copper_n there_o be_v find_v last_o year_n a_o stone_n coated_a over_o with_o white_a silver_n the_o metal_n contain_v within_o be_v yellow_a like_a unto_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o lion_n and_o in_o the_o rich_a mine_n of_o chocaya_n in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o chichas_n in_o the_o rich_a stone_n of_o that_o oar_n they_o have_v find_v much_o silver_n like_o wire_n weave_v together_o as_o aforesaid_a and_o in_o all_o the_o mine_n of_o these_o province_n at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o stone_n have_v be_v find_v make_v into_o silver_n wire_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o wedge_n of_o pure_a silver_n but_o no_o other_o mine_n have_v produe_v the_o like_a unto_o that_o of_o st._n christopher_n in_o oruro_n which_o beside_o the_o leaf_n of_o fine_a silver_n that_o be_v find_v between_o the_o stone_n produce_v fine_a silver_n also_o in_o small_a dust_n mingle_v with_o the_o mould_n or_o earth_n that_o be_v dug_n there_o which_o may_v be_v get_v together_o without_o any_o more_o trouble_n than_o wash_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o use_v the_o gold_n that_o be_v find_v in_o sand_n but_o most_o common_o in_o all_o mine_n silver_n be_v find_v incorporate_v with_o the_o stone_n and_o be_v scarce_o discernible_a nor_o to_o be_v know_v but_o by_o man_n of_o good_a experience_n in_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o charcas_n there_o be_v such_o abundance_n of_o silver_n mine_n that_o they_o alone_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o in_o the_o world_n be_v sufficient_a to_o fill_v it_o with_o riches_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o jurisdiction_n stand_v the_o wonderful_a mountain_n of_o potosi_n of_o who_o treasure_n all_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n have_v liberal_o participate_v the_o excellency_n whereof_o &_o of_o that_o imperail_a city_n whereunto_o it_o have_v give_v the_o name_n do_v so_o much_o surmount_v any_o other_o thing_n in_o the_o old_a or_o new_a world_n that_o they_o very_o well_o deserve_v a_o particular_a history_n to_o eternize_v their_o fame_n it_o be_v surround_v for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o abundance_n of_o rich_a mine_n that_o of_o porco_n be_v the_o famous_a mine_n of_o the_o ingas_n and_o the_o first_o out_o of_o which_o the_o spaniard_n dig_v any_o

it_o but_o ammoniac_a which_o in_o greek_a signify_v salt_n of_o the_o sand_n and_o underneath_o the_o sand_n of_o the_o sea_n shore_n i_o suppose_v it_o be_v find_v congeal_v in_o little_a piece_n by_o its_o internal_a heat_n and_o the_o continual_a burn_a of_o the_o sun_n bake_v so_o much_o that_o it_o be_v make_v the_o bitter_a to_o taste_v of_o all_o kind_n of_o salt_n goldsmith_n use_v it_o more_o than_o the_o physician_n it_o be_v one_o of_o those_o they_o call_v the_o four_o spirit_n because_o the_o fire_n will_v convert_v they_o into_o smoke_n and_o so_o they_o fly_v away_o the_o other_o three_o be_v 1._o quicksilver_n 2._o sulphur_n 3._o saltpetre_n it_o have_v a_o particular_a property_n to_o cleanse_v and_o colour_n gold_n and_o be_v put_v into_o the_o composition_n of_o that_o aquafortis_n that_o dissolve_v it_o at_o this_o day_n we_o have_v little_a knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a nitre_n which_o be_v ancient_o make_v of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n nilus_n although_o albertus_n magnus_n say_v that_o in_o goselaria_n there_o be_v a_o mountain_n that_o contain_v a_o very_a rich_a mine_n of_o copper_n and_o the_o water_n that_o issue_v out_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o be_v dry_v become_v nitre_n we_o know_v little_a also_o of_o aphonitro_n which_o be_v but_o as_o it_o be_v the_o froth_n of_o nitre_n borax_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o spaniard_n chrysolica_n and_o atincar_n be_v a_o artificial_a sort_n of_o nitre_n make_v of_o urine_n stir_v togethet_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o copper_n pan_n with_o a_o ladle_n of_o the_o same_o until_o it_o thicken_v and_o coagulate_v although_o other_o make_v it_o of_o salt-ammoniac_a and_o alum_n nitre_n be_v bitter_a than_o salt_n but_o less_o salt_n saltpetre_n be_v the_o mean_a between_o they_o two_o and_o consist_v of_o very_o dry_a and_o subtle_a part_n it_o grow_v in_o the_o wall_n of_o old_a house_n and_o in_o stable_n cow_n house_n hog-sty_n and_o dove-coat_n it_o will_v grow_v again_o in_o the_o same_o earth_n it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o if_o that_o earth_n be_v throw_v in_o heap_n and_o spare_v and_o take_v care_n of_o or_o if_o ordinary_a earth_n be_v cast_v up_o into_o heap_n and_o water_v with_o brackish_a water_n after_o some_o year_n it_o will_v give_v a_o great_a increase_n as_o profitable_a as_o crop_n of_o grain_n the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o make_v of_o gunpowder_n and_o aquafortis_n be_v very_o well_o know_v it_o be_v use_v also_o in_o the_o melt_a of_o metal_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o chap._n 9_o of_o juice_n which_o the_o spaniard_n call_v betune_n the_o betune_n be_v one_o of_o the_o thing_n that_o do_v most_o damage_n of_o all_o unto_o metal_n especial_o in_o the_o melt_a of_o they_o because_o it_o burn_v they_o and_o make_v they_o become_v dross_n if_o they_o be_v not_o clear_v of_o the_o betune_n before_o they_o be_v put_v into_o a_o fierce_a fire_n there_o be_v twelve_o sort_n of_o betune_n viz._n asphalto_n pissasphalto_n naptal_a la_fw-fr piedra_n gagete_n azabache_n ampelites_n maltha_n piedra_n thracia_n carbones_fw-la de_fw-fr mina_n ambar_n de_fw-fr cuentas_fw-la ambar_n olorosa_n alcanfor_n but_o few_o of_o these_o sort_n be_v find_v mix_v with_o metal_n all_o betune_n be_v the_o oiliness_n or_o fat_a of_o the_o earth_n and_o although_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o alcanphor_n be_v the_o weep_a or_o gum_n of_o the_o tree_n capar_n in_o the_o island_n of_o zebat_fw-la and_o the_o amber_n of_o another_o herb_n call_v polco_n in_o spanish_a whereunto_o it_o be_v common_o find_v stick_v and_o to_o the_o smell_a amber_n they_o ascribe_v for_o its_o original_n a_o great_a fish_n in_o the_o sea_n like_o a_o whale_n because_o there_o be_v great_a resemblance_n between_o it_o and_o sperma_fw-la ceti_fw-la nevertheless_o that_o do_v not_o hinder_v that_o such_o substance_n also_o may_v like_v sweat_n as_o it_o be_v issue_n forth_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o make_v these_o juice_n call_v betune_n asphalto_n be_v find_v in_o the_o lake_n of_o sodom_n or_o the_o dead_a sea_n in_o judea_n whereinto_o run_v the_o river_n jordan_n three_o league_n from_o the_o city_n of_o jericho_n it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o oily_a froth_n that_o swim_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n of_o that_o lake_n agitate_a and_o drive_v by_o the_o wind_n and_o wave_n ashore_o and_o there_o condense_n and_o harden_v it_o be_v like_a unto_o pitch_n but_o hard_a and_o of_o a_o better_a colour_n before_o god_n overthrow_v those_o wicked_a city_n of_o sodom_n gomorrha_n admah_n and_o seboim_n that_o fertile_a valley_n have_v little_a of_o this_o betune_n in_o it_o as_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o gen._n chap._n 14._o these_o be_v find_v also_o in_o many_o other_o place_n and_o province_n some_o whereof_o use_v they_o to_o make_v candle_n with_o instead_o of_o oil_n and_o although_o in_o peru_n they_o have_v not_o be_v curious_a in_o further_a search_n than_o how_o best_a to_o work_v their_o oar_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n yet_o by_o the_o plenty_n of_o they_o that_o the_o indian_n bring_v it_o be_v know_v that_o there_o be_v of_o they_o in_o the_o cordillera_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr chiriguane_n in_o the_o frontier_n of_o lomnia_fw-mi although_o they_o have_v little_a access_n to_o they_o because_o they_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o indian_n that_o maintain_v war_n against_o the_o spaniard_n the_o pissasphalto_n be_v a_o natural_a composition_n of_o asphalto_n and_o paz_n and_o so_o the_o colour_n of_o it_o declare_v and_o for_o want_v of_o the_o true_a natural_a pissasphalto_n they_o counterfeit_v it_o of_o those_o two_o material_n la_fw-fr napthe_n be_v a_o sulphurous_a liquor_n sometime_o white_a and_o sometime_o black_a also_o and_o be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v oil_n of_o peter_n of_o admirable_a virtue_n to_o cure_v old_a pain_n proceed_v from_o cold_a cause_n it_o will_v draw_v fire_n to_o it_o as_o the_o loadstone_n do_v iron_n with_o that_o force_n that_o it_o will_v take_v fire_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o flame_n as_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o miserable_a experience_n of_o the_o conde_n de_fw-fr hercules_n de_fw-fr icontrarii_n of_o the_o country_n of_o ferara_n who_o have_v a_o well_o in_o his_o ground_n the_o water_n whereof_o be_v mix_v with_o petreol_n and_o by_o some_o breach_n or_o crack_n in_o the_o well_o much_o of_o this_o water_n run_v to_o waste_v command_v it_o to_o be_v repair_v the_o laborer_n that_o be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o well_o desire_v a_o candle_n the_o better_a to_o see_v his_o work_n which_o be_v furnish_v he_o in_o a_o lantern_n and_o immediate_o through_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o lantern_n the_o napthe_n suck_v the_o flame_n into_o itself_o and_o set_v fire_n on_o the_o whole_a well_o which_o discharge_v itself_o instant_o like_o a_o great_a piece_n of_o cannon_n and_o blow_v the_o poor_a man_n into_o piece_n and_o take_v off_o a_o arm_n of_o a_o tree_n that_o hang_v over_o the_o well_o the_o conde_n himself_o tell_v the_o story_n to_o matiolo_n who_o report_v it_o in_o his_o dioscorides_n asphalto_n and_o pissasphalto_n melt_v in_o the_o fire_n as_o pitch_n or_o wax_n and_o by_o that_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o piedra_n gagate_n or_o ascabache_n and_o also_o from_o pit-coal_n which_o burn_v and_o consume_v itself_o away_o like_o tea_n or_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o wood_n as_o yet_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o betune_n in_o these_o province_n although_o i_o persuade_v myself_o there_o be_v if_o they_o be_v seek_v for_o chap._n 10._o of_o sulphur_n and_o antimony_n sulphur_n be_v a_o mineral_n the_o most_o universal_o know_v of_o any_o it_o be_v make_v of_o a_o earthy_a unctuous_a substance_n and_o very_o hot_a to_o that_o degree_n that_o it_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v near_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o element_n of_o fire_n of_o any_o compound_a substance_n the_o chemist_n call_v it_o the_o masculine_a seed_n and_o nature_n first_o agent_n in_o all_o generation_n and_o they_o say_v that_o the_o difference_n between_o one_o thing_n and_o another_o arise_v from_o the_o divers_a preparation_n and_o mixture_n of_o sulphur_n and_o quicksilver_n it_o have_v happen_v to_o a_o apothecary_n that_o go_v about_o to_o make_v a_o salve_n compound_v of_o those_o two_o material_n he_o have_v find_v the_o result_n to_o be_v a_o plate_n of_o fine_a silver_n after_o many_o consideration_n of_o this_o substance_n thophrastus_fw-la paracelsus_n proceed_v to_o contemplate_v the_o wonder_n produce_v by_o sulphur_n and_o say_v that_o god_n by_o a_o especial_a providence_n have_v conceal_v those_o mystery_n and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o evident_a confutation_n of_o those_o who_o oppose_v the_o transmutation_n of_o metal_n for_o this_o mineral_n do_v effect_v it_o and_o he_o teach_v

silver_n those_o very_a ancient_a mine_n of_o andacava_n be_v admire_v by_o all_o miner_n for_o their_o vast_a depth_n and_o admirable_a contrivance_n and_o plenty_n of_o oar_n which_o be_v such_o as_o promise_v continual_a employment_n for_o half_a the_o indian_n of_o this_o kingdom_n those_o of_o tobacco_n nunio_n be_v near_o unto_o a_o lake_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n have_v such_o wonderful_a and_o costly_a engine_n appertain_v to_o they_o that_o the_o build_n of_o they_o have_v consume_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o treasure_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o lake_n contain_v so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v make_v a_o run_a river_n all_o the_o year_n long_o with_o which_o there_o go_v day_n and_o night_n a_o hundred_o silver_n mill_n which_o grind_v the_o oar_n which_o be_v get_v from_o its_o own_o bank_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o potosi_n also_o be_v the_o mine_n of_o guariguare_n caricari_fw-la piquiza_n la_fw-fr vera_fw-la cruz_n sipoto_n and_o many_o other_o in_o the_o lip_n there_o be_v farm_n of_o mine_n of_o great_a fame_n nam_o that_o of_o st._n isabel_n of_o new_a potosi_n the_o name_n whereof_o do_v not_o more_o predicate_v its_o beauty_n than_o do_v the_o amenity_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o the_o richness_n of_o the_o oar_n that_o be_v find_v there_o la_fw-fr trinidad_n be_v a_o wonderful_a rich_a mine_n there_o be_v also_o the_o mine_n of_o esmoruco_n el_fw-es bonete_n which_o they_o call_v so_o because_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v like_o a_o bonnet_n xanquegua_n the_o new_a world_n which_o have_v be_v discover_v in_o my_o time_n yield_v very_o rich_a vein_n of_o metal_n namely_o abilcha_fw-mi todo_fw-es santos_n osloque_n st._n christoval_n de_fw-fr achocalia_n sabalcha_n montes_n claros_fw-la and_o many_o other_o in_o the_o chicas_n be_v st._n vincent_n tatasi_n monserrat_n esmoraca_n tasna_n sbina_n chorolque_fw-fr old_a and_o new_a chocaya_n which_o to_o the_o shame_n and_o astonishment_n of_o the_o miner_n have_v be_v now_o last_o of_o all_o find_v out_o and_o be_v one_o of_o the_o rich_a in_o all_o peru._n chap._n 28._o continue_v the_o discourse_n of_o the_o last_o chapter_n touch_v the_o mine_n of_o silver_n the_o province_n of_o the_o charcas_n beside_o the_o rich_a mountain_n of_o potosi_n which_o alone_o be_v sufficient_a to_o eternize_v its_o name_n and_o the_o other_o mine_n aforesaid_a that_o be_v round_o about_o it_o have_v also_o the_o mine_n of_o yaco_n or_o the_o mountain_n of_o miracle_n those_o of_o st._n pedro_n de_fw-fr bvena_fw-es vista_fw-la and_o those_o of_o malcocota_n there_o be_v silver_n oar_n also_o find_v near_o unto_o cayanta_n and_o also_o in_o paccha_n and_o tarabuco_n not_o far_o from_o chuquisaca_n and_o in_o other_o place_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o panna_n stand_v the_o three_o great_a mountain_n st._n christoval_n pie_n de_fw-fr gallo_n and_o la_fw-fr flamenca_n which_o together_o make_v up_o those_o mine_n which_o they_o call_v of_o oruro_n that_o famous_a town_n which_o be_v near_o unto_o they_o in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o oruro_n also_o be_v the_o mine_n of_o avicaya_n berenguela_n cicacica_n la_fw-fr hoya_n y_fw-fr colloquiri_n which_o although_o it_o be_v a_o mine_n of_o tin_n yet_o now_o and_o then_o in_o follow_v the_o vein_n thereof_o they_o meet_v with_o rich_a oar_n of_o silver_n which_o they_o call_v lipta_fw-la in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o pacage_n be_v the_o rich_a mine_n of_o berenguela_n with_o the_o mountain_n of_o santa_n juana_n tampaya_n and_o other_o and_o in_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o city_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr paz_n there_o be_v the_o mine_n of_o choquepina_n pacocava_n tiaguanaco_n and_o divers_a other_o brief_o all_o these_o province_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o continue_a mine_n and_o notwithstanding_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o mine_n be_v open_v at_o this_o day_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v many_o more_o know_v unto_o the_o indian_n which_o they_o crafty_o have_v conceal_v from_o we_o till_o this_o present_a there_o be_v a_o certain_a tradition_n in_o this_o country_n of_o a_o incomparable_a rich_a mine_n belong_v to_o the_o village_n of_o chaqui_n four_o league_n from_o this_o imperial_a city_n although_o at_o present_a the_o sight_n of_o it_o be_v not_o know_v divers_a indian_n have_v kill_v themselves_o out_o of_o obstinacy_n that_o they_o may_v not_o discover_v it_o there_o go_v no_o less_o fame_n of_o the_o mine_n which_o they_o call_v de_fw-fr los_fw-es encomenderos_n in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o lip_n which_o name_n be_v give_v it_o divers_a year_n ago_o by_o the_o indian_n who_o get_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o silver_n out_o of_o that_o mine_n give_v that_o treasure_n unto_o two_o spaniard_n who_o they_o dispatch_v away_o into_o spain_n as_o their_o agent_n they_o be_v two_o brother_n of_o the_o surname_n of_o tapias_n whereupon_o this_o rich_a province_n be_v incorporate_v into_o the_o crown_n while_o i_o be_v curate_n of_o this_o place_n i_o speak_v with_o many_o of_o the_o country_n people_n that_o tell_v i_o they_o have_v help_v to_o load_v and_o conduct_v that_o riches_n unto_o the_o port_n of_o arica_n where_o it_o be_v put_v on_o shipboard_n it_o be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o the_o abovesaid_a report_n be_v true_a although_o at_o present_a that_o i_o remain_v undiscovered_a which_o i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o wonder_n at_o when_o i_o consider_v that_o all_o the_o mine_n that_o be_v wrought_v in_o that_o province_n have_v be_v find_v out_o and_o first_o take_v say_v of_o by_o the_o spaniard_n themselves_o without_o light_v upon_o any_o one_o ancient_a work_n of_o the_o indian_n whereof_o no_o doubt_n there_o be_v former_o very_o rich_a one_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o choice_a stone_n and_o piece_n of_o oar_n which_o indian_n have_v give_v i_o without_o discover_v whence_o they_o have_v they_o and_o the_o very_a street_n of_o the_o town_n when_o i_o be_v curate_n there_o be_v full_a of_o small_a grain_n of_o rich_a oar_n which_o i_o sweep_v up_o and_o make_v profit_n of_o it_o in_o the_o plain_n of_o julloma_n in_o the_o pacage_n the_o indian_n ancient_o have_v wrought_v mine_n which_o at_o this_o day_n remain_v undiscovered_a it_o have_v be_v a_o vast_a quantity_n of_o small_a piece_n of_o plate_n which_o they_o call_v corriente_a that_o the_o spaniard_n have_v buy_v up_o among_o this_o people_n and_o i_o myself_o have_v get_v there_o some_o of_o the_o remainder_n of_o that_o sort_n of_o silver_n these_o ground_n together_o with_o the_o colour_n and_o beauty_n of_o the_o mountain_n make_v one_o rational_o to_o suspect_v that_o country_n to_o be_v fertile_a of_o rich_a metal_n but_o it_o be_v more_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v rich_a mine_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o caquingora_n in_o the_o same_o province_n of_o the_o pacage_n because_o i_o have_v see_v stone_n of_o rich_a oar_n pick_v out_o of_o the_o pave_v of_o their_o street_n and_o the_o wall_n of_o their_o house_n the_o same_o report_n go_v also_o of_o divers_a of_o the_o neighbour_n town_n and_o a_o constant_a fame_n that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ingas_n each_o of_o the_o party_n have_v their_o particular_a mine_n chap._n 29._o of_o copper_n and_o the_o mine_n thereof_o the_o sulphureous_a part_n do_v predominate_a in_o the_o composition_n of_o copper_n and_o from_o their_o distemper_a heat_n rise_v the_o fiery_a colour_n of_o that_o metal_n when_o it_o be_v melt_v it_o smell_v more_o of_o brimston_n than_o any_o other_o metal_n and_o because_o it_o be_v over-burnt_a in_o its_o composition_n therefore_o it_o be_v less_o subject_n to_o injury_n or_o corruption_n by_o the_o air_n earth_n or_o water_n as_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n coal_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o such_o like_a accident_n they_o use_v copper_n about_o engine_n of_o long_a duration_n because_o it_o never_o rust_v as_o steel_n and_o iron_n do_v and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v high_o esteem_v by_o the_o ancient_n who_o make_v the_o bolt_n and_o nail_n of_o their_o ship_n their_o weapon_n and_o other_o instrument_n of_o this_o metal_n which_o also_o we_o find_v in_o use_n among_o the_o native_n of_o this_o kingdom_n copper_n be_v engender_v in_o mineral_n stone_n of_o divers_a colour_n although_o ever_o the_o most_o predominant_a colour_n be_v blue_a or_o green_a it_o be_v engender_v in_o the_o same_o place_n with_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o oftentimes_o in_o follow_v a_o vein_n of_o pure_a copper_n they_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o nest_n of_o the_o fine_a gold_n but_o it_o be_v more_o familiar_a to_o have_v its_o vein_n change_v into_o silver_n and_o those_o vein_n of_o copper_n that_o make_v any_o show_n above_o ground_n common_o prove_v very_o rich_a as_o they_o be_v dug_n deep_o and_o consequent_o be_v more_o moist_a the_o mine_n of_o osloque_n in_o the_o lip_n be_v at_o the_o top_n in_o