Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	call_v	name_n	place_n	8,407	5	4.2603	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42527	A treatise of the arms and engines of vvar of fire-works, ensigns, and military instruments, both ancient and modern; with the manner they are at present used, as well in French armies, as amongst other nations. Inriched with many figures. Written originally in French by Lewis de Gaya, author of the treatise called The art of war. Translated for publick advantage.	Gaya, Louis de.	1678 (1678)	Wing G402A; ESTC R217414	40,394	159

other and fill them with powder putting thereto a Fuse We may reckon among our Engines of War the Herses Sarrasins or Cataracts and the Orgues which are great Pieces of Hanging Wood and are let fall down thorow holes when there is any fear of a Surprise or of the effort of a Petard Turn-pikes which are Beam stuck full of sharp-pointed Piles which roles upon a Pivot to stop a Passage The Crow-foot or Casting Caltrop are Iron Pricks made in such manner that what way soever they be turned they have alwayes the point upwards CHAP. VI. Of the Warlike Engines of the Romans Sect. 1. Of Machines or Engines in general WE call all things Engines whereof the Art and Contrivance surpasses the matter Materiam superabat opus says Ovid. From thence comes the Name of Ingeneer The Ancients called all things that serve to attaque or defend places Warlike Engines so does Moses call them in the 20th Chapter of Deuteronomy the last Verse Onely those Trees which thou knowest are not for meat those shalt thou destroy and cut down and make Forts against the City that maketh War with thee until thou subdue it All these ancient Engines were onely made of Wood pieced together and made fast with Iron which were placed upon the Turrets and Corners of the Walls to throw Darts and Stones of an extraordinary bigness Others there were onely for beating down of Walls and others for Mounting an Assault and for a Scalado Sect. 2. Of the Tortoise or Testudo THe Tortoise of the Ancient Gauls which the Romans used and called Testudo was nothing else but the crouding together of many Souldiers who covered themselves on the Head and Sides with a great many Bucklers The former Ranks carried them higher than the following in manner of the Tiles of a House that so whatever might be thrown upon them from the Walls might not stick but more easily slide to the ground Homer speaks of these Tortoises in this manner Scutum scuto haeret galeae galea atque vir viro They made use of that Invention for Scaling of Walls by mounting one upon another as Titus Liviusdescribes it Testudine parti muri ad mota cum armati spuerstantes subissent propugnatoribus muri fastigio altitudinis aequabantur Tacitus calls that Engine a reiterated Tortoise Super iteratum testudinem scandentes They not only made use of these Tortoises in attacking of Places but also in Battels breaking through the Legions of the Enemy All these Tortoises were not in this manner composed of Men and Bucklers they had besides certain Sheds of Wood twenty five foot square and covered with a Shelving Roof which they called Tortoises whereof some served to cover the Lodgings others to shelter the Workmen against Stones and Arrows from the Town and others to hang the Battering-Ram and cover those who were to swing it these were called Testudines Arictariae Sect. 3. Of Ladders THe Romans had Ladders of all Fashions which were alwayes two foot higher than the Walls they intended to scale Some folded and could with little inconvenience be carried any whither these were called Scalae compactiles Others were called Reticulatae aut Stupeae because they were made with Cords provided at the ends with strong Hooks to fasten them with to the Walls They had others that opened and shut in manner of Zizack And others at the end of which was a kind of a little Watch-House whereinto they put some body to spie what was doing on the Ramparts They had besides another kind of Ladder which they termed Rolling Ladders at the end of which were Bridges and others which they called Sambucae which were carried in Boats to scale Walls that were encompassed with Water Sect. 4. Of Bulwarks WHen the Romans intended to attaque a place they caused Bulwarks to be raised round the Walls which were in height twenty four foot and in breadth three hundred upon which they built Towers of VVood armed with Iron on all sides which commanded the Ramparts and from which the Besiegers threw upon the People of the Town Stones Darts Artificial Fire that they might thereby facilitate the approach of the Battering Rams and other Engines for taking of Places Sect. 5. Of Towers THe Towers which were used by the Romans in the attacking of Places went on VVheels were very high and on all sides covered with Plates of Iron which rendered them more weighty more difficult to be overthrown and less obnoxious to the danger of Fire These Towers were invented by one Diades a Souldier under Alexander the Great they had also other Towers which carried Bridges and Battering Rams Caesar caused to be built before Marseillis Towers of Masons Work five foot thick and near the Towers of the Enemies from whence he might incommode them he caused moveable Roofs to be made for them from which hung Skreens made of Cables or other Ship-ropes behind which the Workmen might under covert labour in the raising of the Towers Sect. 6. Of the Battering Ram. THe original of Battering Rams which Paulus Diaconus calls Exterminatorium Iustrumentum is very Ancient some attribute the invention of them to the Greeks and others to the Carthaginians However it be they performed in those days what our Canon and Mines do at present seing the onely use they were put to was to beat down the Walls of Towns which they intended to take The Battering Ram was made of a large Tree like to the Mast of a Ship which was in length six and twenty cubits and five hand breadths in diameter and within six cubits of the head was guarded with Iron Rings the head was of a knotty Wood covered with Iron and represented the Head of a Ram with Horns and therefore the name of Battering Ram was given to that Engine The Battering Ram hung betwixt great Beams of Wood by Massive Iron Chains and required a hundred men to swing and push it violently against the Walls Repulsus magna virorum manu says Flavius The shape of it may be seen in the Figure Sect. 7. Of Counter-Engines TO hinder Assaults and Storms the besieged made use of huge Stones Wheels Wagons with four Wheels filled with weighty Matters Columns Cylinders Mill-stones Tuns and Artificial Fire which they threw upon the Besiegers and their Engines with purpose to break them or to reduce them to Ashes They hindered the effects of the Battering Rams by opposing to them Packs of Wooll or by catching hold of them with Snares or Iron Engines made in form of Pinsers which they called Woolves meaning that such Woolves could catch the Ram because with these Engines they drew the Battering Rams up or broke them in the middle The End of the Third Book The Fourth Book OF ENSIGNS TRUMPETS AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS OF WAR IT may perhaps seem strange that I have comprehended in one and th● same Book and under one sole Title Ensings Trumpets and other Instruments of War considering the small Analogy they have to