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city_n call_v name_n part_n 5,676 4 4.1716 3 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A68340 Certaine grammar questions for the exercise of young schollers in the learning of the Accidence Leech, John, 1565-1650? 1590 (1590) STC 15374.2; ESTC S4741 42,552 88

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many thousandes of woordes But all woordes that bee vsed in speeche are called by one of these eight tearmes in Grammar Q. Which be those eight tearmes which yee call the eight partes of speeche R These 1 Nowne 2 Pronowne 3 Verbe 4 Participle 5 Aduerbe 6 Coniunction 7 Preposition 8 Interiection Q. Can there bee no fewer then eight termes which doe conteine in them all sorts of wordes R. Yes it were more easie to say there are but 4. a Nowne a Verbe an Aduerbe a Coniunction Q. How so R. Because a Pronowne a Participle may very wel be referred to a Nowne a Preposition and Interiection may well be referred to an Aduerbe Q. What is y e first differēce amōgst these 8. partes of speech R. Forsooth y t first 4. be declined y t latter 4. be vndeclined Q. What meane yee by declined and vndeclined R. That worde in Grammar is saide to be declined which maye bee chaunged in the last letter or sillable into other letters or syllables And that whiche cannot bee so chaunged is sayde to be vndeclined Q. Be those first foure declined all in one manner R. No. For some of them bee declined with cases and some with moodes and tenses Q. How many partes of speech be declined with cases R. These three Nowne Pronowne and Participle And a verbe onely is declined with modes and tenses Q. What were the first difference among woordes if there were but foure partes of speech R. This. Some be wordes that haue number in them as a Nowne a verbe Some be wordes y t haue no nūber in them as an aduerbe and a coniunction Q. What is to be considered in euery part of speech R. These 3. things 1 what it is which is called the definitiō 2 what parts it hath which is called the diuision 3 what thinges chance vnto it which is called the accidēts Q. Then first what is a nowne R. Any worde that betokeneth the name of any thing is a nowne Or thus The name of any thing that may bee seene felt hearde or vnderstanded is a nowne As a booke Q. Is thy booke a nowne R. The thing it selfe which is called a booke is not a nown but this woorde booke which is the name of the thing is a nowne for a nowne signifieth nothing els but a name Q. Why doest thou put this difference betwixte the thing and the name of the thing R. For that in Grammar which teacheth the true order of speech wee haue to consider nothing but the very woordes that be spoken so that thinges which bee signified by these wordes perteyne nothing to Grammar and therefore no kinde of thing is a nowne but the worde which is the name of any thing that is a nowne Q. Howe many sortes of nownes haue ye R. Two some be called Substantiues and Adiectiues Q. Howe knowe you a nowne substantiue R. A nowne substantiue is a name that standeth by himselfe Q. Howe can a nowne whiche is but a woorde stande by it selfe Q. I knowe that no worde can properly stande by it selfe but is a borrowed speeche and I meane an other thing by it Q. What meane ye by standeth by him selfe R. That is to say requireth not an other word to be ioyned with him Q. Tell me this more plainely R. A nowne substantiue is a perfect worde and a name so certaine that I knowe certainely what thing it nameth although there be no other worde ioyned with it So that when I say it standeth by it selfe I meane I can vnderstande by it selfe the thinge that it signifieth although there be no other worde ioyned vnto it Q. Haue ye any speciall marke whereby to know a nowne substantiue R. Yea forsoth Any woorde that may aptly and properly haue before his Englishe this signe a. or the. is a nowne substantiue as A citie the citie Q. Howe many sortes of nownes substantiues haue ye R. Two for some be called Proper and Common or appellatiue Q. What call yee a nowne proper R. A proper name is a nowne which is proper to the thing that it betokeneth that is to say whiche doeth signifie some one speciall thing Q. Howe many sortes of proper names haue yee R. Tenne as proper names of 1 Godds 2 Men. 3 Floodes 4 Monethes 5 Windes 6 Goddesses 7 Women 8 Cities 9 Countreys 10 Ilandes Q. What call yee a common name or a nowne appellatiue R. A nown common is that whose signification is common to moe that is which betokeneth all things of that force Q. Shewe mee examples of a proper name and of a common name R. Edouardus is a proper name and signifieth but one man so called But A man is a common name and signifieth all men So Londinum the Citie of London is a proper name because it is the name but of one Citie so called But vrbs a Citie is a common name because euery Citie is called a Citie but euery citie is not called London Q. Nowe howe knowe ye a nowne Adiectiue R. A nowne adiectiue is a name that cannot stande by him selfe Q. What meane ye by that R. That is to say requireth an other woorde to be ioyned with him Q. Tell me this more playnely R. A nowne adiectiue is the name of a thing but so doubtfull and vncertaine as I knowe not certainely what thing it nameth except there be some other worde ioyned vnto it so that when I say it can not stande by it selfe I meane that I cānot perfectly vnderstand what thing it belongeth vnto excepte there bee a substantiue ioyned vnto it as Good Q. Why do ye not knowe that good is the name of a thing R. Yes I know that when you say good you meane something but I knowe not what thing ye call good except ye put some other worde vnto it as a good horse a good boy Q. Haue ye any speciall marke whereby to know a nowne adiectiue R. Yea forsooth In English any name with which I may aptly ioyne this worde thing is a nowne adiectiue as a good thing Q. This is inough for the diuision of a nowne Now what meane ye by the Accidents R. The Accidents be certayne properties falling or belonging to all the partes of speeche generally or to euery seuerall part of speeche particularly and thereof my booke is called an Accidence or the Accidents Q. Why so R. For that is as I take it the booke that teacheth all the accidents that is to say all such thinges as fall or belong to all the partes of speeche Q. Howe many sortes of accidents haue yee R. Two sortes for some bee generall and belong to all partes of speeche as forme and figure particular whereof some belong to 1 the foure partes of speech that be declined as number 2 Three of those y t bee declined as case gender declenson to al nownes pronownes and participles 3 Euery seuerall part of speeche as all the rest Q. Howe many accidents belong to a nowne
to the order of the cases 1 First the rules for y e nominatiue case if the part of speech gouerne a nominatiue case after him 2 Secondly the rules for the Genitiue case 3 Thirdly the rules for the Datiue case 6 Fourthly the rules for the Accusatiue case 7 Lastly the rules for the Ablatiue case Q. Why leaue ye out the rules for the vocatiue case R. For the vocatiue case is not gouerned of any other parte of speech except an Interiection Q. Then how knowe yee when to put a worde in the Vocatiue case R. This one rule is sufficient for it Whensoeuer I call or speake to anye thing or person it is the Vocatiue case Q. Howe will yee finde out the rule for any worde in a sentence to know why he is put in the nominatiue Genitiue Datiue Accusatiue or Ablatiue case R. First I must looke what part of speech the word is which I haue to seeke out secondly of what worde he is gouerned thirdly what parte of speech that worde is whereof he is gouerned lastly I must looke what case my worde is so shall I turne to the rules that be for that part of speech for that case Q. Shew me it by example R. If my word be a substantiue the genitiue case and gouerned of a nowne Adiectiue then I turne to the rules y t I haue for Adiectiues that gouerne a genitiue case If my worde be a Substantiue the genitiue case gouerned of a verbe then I turne to my rules for verbes which gouerne a genitiue case Then I consider of what signification y e worde is whereof he is gouerned and so I take the rule that agreeth to that signification Q. But how wil yee knowe of what woorde the same case which you seeke is gouerned R. That must bee learned by diligent marking howe the sentence is construed Q. Why so R. Because euery case is gouerned of that worde which goeth next before him in the naturall construing of a sentence Q. What meane yee by construing R. Construing is the right placing of euery word y t is written in a sentence in the naturall order of speech giuing to euery word his proper signification in english Q. Shew me howe R. Virtutis comes est inuidia This sentence is construed thus Inuidia enuy est is comes y t companion virtutis of vertue Q. If ye haue a sentence giuen to be construed what order wil ye keep in englishing and placing of euery word R. Diuers men teach diuersly but this way is playne and not vnprofitable If there be any vocatiue case in the sentence I take that first Secondly the Nominatiue case or that which is put in steede of the nominatiue case and to him I adioyne any woord that hangeth vppon him Then take I the verbe Personall Then the Aduerb After this the cases in their owne order The Accusatiue case next after the verbe and that whiche hangeth vppon him then the Genitiue and so the Datiue and last the Ablatiue Q. What if there be not al these kinds of words in y t sētēce R. Then take so many of them as be in it and in this order and alwayes take heede that ye put that case next after the verb which y t verb doth properly gouerne after him thē the other cases in order The Accusatiue case goeth before the Infinitiue Mode the Infinitiue comes after any other mode The Adiectiue and the Substantiue must be construed togither except one of thē doth passe ouer his signification into some other worde Q. May this order be alwayes kept R. No forsooth for it is broken many times by the cases of Relatiues Interrogatiues Infinitiues Genitiues of partition and by some Coniunctions c. Q. If you haue an english giuen to be made in latine what must you doe R. First I must looke out the principall verbe in the sentence Q. Howe will ye finde out the principall verbe R. It is alwayes the first verbe except the first verbe bee the Infinitiue mode or haue before it a Relatiue or a Coniunction Q. What will yee doe when yee haue founde out the principall verbe R. Then I must seeke out his Nominatiue case Q. What seeke yee out after the Nominatiue case R. After I haue made the verbe and his Nominatiue case I consider what part of speech euery worde in the sentence is beside these and then I ioyne them in suche order as I doe in construing of a sentence and so make euery one of them into latine For the Genders of Nownes Q. Howe will yee finde out the genders of a Nowne R. I haue certayne rules in Latine verses for the Genders of nownes Q. Howe will yee seeke out the Gender of a Nowne by these rules R. First I must looke whether it bee a proper name or a common Q. What if it be a proper name R. Then I haue two generall rules for his gender Q. Which be they R. The first is this Propria quae maribus tribuuntur mascula dicas c. The second is this Propria faemineum referentia nomina sexum Faemineo geneti tribuuntur Q. Howe will yee knowe whether it bee a proper name or no R. If it be a proper name it is one of these ten As proper names of Gods Men. Fluddes Moneths Windes And these be all the masculine gender Goddesses Women Cities Countreis Ilandes these bee all y e feminine gender for the most part Q. Be not all those latter fyue the feminine gender aswell as all the first fiue be the masculine R. No for certaine names of Cities be excepted Q. What gender be those that be excepted R. These two of the masculine gender Sulmo Agragas these of the newter gender Argos Tibur Preneste This one Anxur which is sometime the masculine sometime the newter Q. What if your nowne be no proper name R. Then I must looke whether it be not the name of a tree Q. What if it be the name of a tree R. Then I haue this rule for him Appellatiua arborum erunt muliebria vt alnus Q. What gender must your nowne be by this rule R. The feminine Q. Be all names of trees the feminine gender R. No. Q. Then howe will ye knowe the gender of such Nownes as do not agree with the rule R. All suche nownes as doe not agree with the rule eyther be rehearsed by name strayght after the rule or els there is some speciall rule of exeception set downe for them Q. What nownes haue ye excepted from this rule R. Two of the Masculine gender Pinus and Oleaster fiue of the Newter gender Siler Suber Thus Robur and Acer Q. What if your nowne be neyther proper name nor name of a tree R. Then he is a nowne common or a nowne appellatiue Q. Howe will yee seeke out the gender of a nowe appellatiue R. First I must looke in his genetiue case whether it doth encrease or no. Q. Why so R.