Cittadel were both carried It was restored to the Spaniards about four Months after by the Treaty of Nimeguen II. Bruges Bruges or Bruggen Lat. Bruga and Brugae is scituated in a great Plain within eight or nine miles of the Sea upon the Canal called Reye which being divided into several Navigable Torrents runs in divers places of the City and afterwards these join in the same Canal which goes to the Sluce But this last belonging to the Hollanders the Inhabitants of Bruges about 40 years ago made a new Canal which goes to Ostend that is but about three Leagues from it and the Tide mounting above half way it bears Ships of 400 Tuns to Bruges which maintains a standing Trade there Yet it flourished more in former days before Merchants had bethought of retiring to Antwerp Pope Paul IV. erected Bruges into a Bishoprick suffragant of Malines in 1559 and Peter Curtius was the first Prelate of it This is one of the greatest and beautifullest Cities of Flanders fortified with good Ditches great Ramparts and strong Walls The publick Buildings are very sumptuous the Streets large and strait with several fine Places and chiefly that of the Market whereat six great Streets begin that lead in a strait line to the six principal Gates of the City There are seven Parish Churches The Cathedral is that of St. Donat or Donatian The Provost of this Collegial Church was born President in the Court called St. Donat and hereditary Chancellor of Flanders but this dignity has been united to the Episcopal Title and the Bishop enjoys the priviledge now Besides St. Donat there are the Collegial Churches of St. Salvator and Our Lady the Abbies of St. Andrew and Audemburg and about 60 Religious Houses At the side of the Cathedral is the Bishops Palace and over against it is a great Market-place where the Town-house is an ancient Building enriched with Figures and divers curious pieces of Sculpture The Castle also deserves to be seen Justice is rendred here by six Magistrates who all have a particular Jurisdiction viz. The City the Frank the Provost-ship at present the Bishoprick the Court for Feodal Tenures Zizleele and Mandasche There is also the Water-house with an admirable Machin to convey Water into all the quarters of the City The Spaniards have a great Trade here in Wooll Silk Cotton c. There are a great many Tradesmen who make Fustians Tapestries Cloths and Stuffs of Silk They are divided into 68 Professions This City had a share in the troubles of the Low-Countries during the Civil Wars The English loosing Calais in 1558 removed the Staple for Wooll to Bruges and that for some time preserved it from decaying Philip I. King of Spain was born here in 1478. Bruges stands 24 miles N. W. of Ghent 11. E. of Ostend 34. N. E. of Dunkirk 40 W. of Antwerp Long. 22 d. 24. m. Lat. 51. d. 17. m. III. Ostend Ostend Lat. Ostenda is a Sea-port Town seated in a Marsh at the Mouth of the River Guele and among divers Channels but is chiefly environ'd almost on all sides by two of the greatest of them into which Ships of the greatest bulk may enter with the Tyde it is very well fortified having a strong Rampart a deep Ditch and eight regular Bastions it s contrived so that the Sea may be let in round the Town for a great space which makes it much more strong and defensible than before and as it were impregnable The Spaniards possess no other Port in Flanders but this and Newport and this being the most considerable they are making the Haven large and have made a great Work in order to the carrying of their Ships over into that Cut which goes from Ostend to Bruges out of their Harbour by the means of a very great Lock or receptacle of Water which communicates with both The Town stands low but the streets are streight large and uniform The Haven such that it can never be block'd up This Town was besieged from July 5. 1601. to September 22. 1604. by the Spaniards being then in the hands of the Hollanders and at last was surrender'd upon good Articles after a Siege of three years three months three weeks three days and three hours It s stout defence against the Arch-duke Albert of Austria and Marquess Ambrosius Spinola may be well ascribed to the supplies from England and conduct of Sir Francis Vere The Spaniard lost 78124 men before this Place Tho' when the Arch-duke invested it they did not expect it should hold out a Fortnight which made the Dutchess promise she would never shift her Smock until it were taken the number of those that were kill'd or died in the Town during the Siege amounts to 150000. Ostend stands about nine miles N. E. of Newport 11 W. of Bruges 20 S. W. of Sluys and almost 35 W. of Ghent Long. 22 d. 8 m. Lat. 51 d. 18. m. IV. Newport Newport is a strong Sea-port Town The little River Yperle runs on one side of it which tho' but a mean Channel yet where it falls into the Sea makes a considerable long and secure Haven especially at high Tydes This Town is of good strength has broad and streight streets but the Houses are generally low and most part of Timber The Inhabitants support themselves chiefly by the Fishing-Trade It stands nine miles S. W. of Ostend 16 N. E. of Dunkirk 19 almost W. of Bruges and 40 W. of Ghent Long. 21 d. 55 m. Lat. 51 d. 14. m. Prince Maurice of Nassaw gave the Spaniards a great defeat near this place in 1600. V. Oudenard Oudenard Lat. Aldenardum is divided by the Scheld in two parts and secured by a Castle called Pamele which is joined to the Town by a Bridge over that River This is a rich place and drives a great Trade by the Manufacture of Tapestry which flourisheth here This Town was taken by the French in 1658. restored by the Pyraenean Treaty and retaken by them again in 1667. besieged without success by the Spaniards in 1674. but by the Peace at Nimeguen restored to them in 1679. It stands 14 Miles S. of Ghent and 36 W. of Brussels Long. 22 d. 48 m. Lat. 51 d. 15 m. VI. Alost Alost by the Natives Aelst is the Capital City of the Imperial Flanders on the River Dender it had formerly Counts of its own and suffered very much in the last Age The Spaniards surpriz'd it in 1576. and committed a thousand disorders In 1582 the Duke of Anjou made himself master of it After which the English who had it in keeping sold it to the Prince of Parma In 1667. the French took it but now it is again in the hands of the Spaniard unfortified The Territory of Alost comprehends about 170 Villages the County of Waes and four Cities which are called Offices viz. Halst Axtle Bouchout and Assenede This City stands five miles from Brussels and 15 from Ghent Long. 23. d. 18. m. Lat. 51. d. VII Ninove
20 Monasteries Three Dutch Churches One common to the English and French and a handsom Glass-house Maestricht stands 50 Miles E. of Brussels and 14 N. of Liege Long. 25 d. Lat. 50 d. 54 m. IX Lillo Lillo Lat. Lilloa is a strong Fort Built by the Hollanders upon the Scheld Seven Miles beneath Antwerp to the North where all the Ships that pass up the River to Antwerp are by the Treaty of Munster to stop and to pay Toll to the States of the Vnited Provinces to whom the Place belongs Places in Brabant belonging to the Spaniards I. Brussels BRussels or Bruxelles Lat. Bruxellae one of the greatest beautifullest and best peopled City of the Spanish Netherlands is the Capital of the Dutchy of Brabant the Seat of the Chancelery and Court of Brabant of the Counsels of State of the Revenues and the Ordinary Residence of the Prince or Governour whom the King of Spain keeps in the Low-Countries which draws all the Nobility and Gentry to it It is situated upon the small River of Sinne or Senne which discharges it self in the Schelde by a Channel of the length of Five Leagues which was made in 1561. Its Avenues are fine its Circumference about Seven Miles It is Built part in the Plain and part upon a Hill extreamly pleasant environed with a double Brick Wall pretty far distant from each other and small Ditches The Town is divided into upper and lower the latter is much more agreeable and beautiful than the other having several Fountains and the the two Branches of the great Canal bordered with great Keys filled with a prodigious number of Boats that come thither from the Sea by the Scheld The King's Palace is in the upper Town it has many Rich Apartments big enough to Lodge several Kings at once to which belongs a very fine Mail a Park full of Deer and very curious Gardens near it with fine Water-works Grotto's and a square Wilderness The Town-house the Tower of St. Nicholas which has the Town-Clock the Church of the Jesuits the Prince of Orange's House deserve to be seen by Strangers Among the Churches the Collegial Dedicated to St. Gudulle is the Chief and the most Ancient where they pretend to have an Host stabb'd by a Jew which shed Blood out of the Wound whereupon they say the Jew was immediately struck with Death Here you find some Footsteps of the Ancients Fancy for the Number Seven for there are Seven Parish Churches Seven Principal Streets about which are Seven stately Houses Rented by the Publick Seven Gates of Dorick Work Seven Considerable Families Seven Sheriffs who have the Care of Affairs and Seven Licensed Midwives c. Bruxelles is a Trading Town and has several Manufactures There are 52 Trades divided into Nine Guilds or Companies called the Nine Nations among which the Cutlers and Armour-makers are Chief Brussels stands 30 Miles S. E. of Ghent 24 S. of Antwerp 96 S. of Amsterdam 150 N. E. of Paris and 190 almost E. of London Long. 23 d. 36 m. Lat. 50 d. 54 m. II. Louvain Louvain Lat. Lovanium and by the Inhabitants Loeven is a great City situated upon the River Dele which runs into the Scheld at Rupelmondel This Town is about Four Miles in compass and is so very Ancient that it is supposed to have been Built by one Lupus before the time of Julius Caesar It was at first but a Village that was Walled in 1156. and has been much enlarged since It is seated in a very fruitful Soil and has so gentle and pleasant Air that Wine is made both within the Walls and without There are within the Walls of this City large Meadows beautiful Vineyards and pleasant Gardens and Orchards which shews that it is not over-stocked with Inhabitants It is well Fortified and has many fair Churches the Chief whereof is the Collegiate Church of St. Peter besides a great number of Monasteries The University of Louvain is very Famous it was founded in 1426. by John IV. Duke of Brabant and endowed with great Priviledges by Pope Martin V. and Eugenius IV. and has 20 Colleges founded by several Persons for the promoting of Learning This Town is encompassed with large deep Ditches cut in many places through a flinty Rock or very hard Gravel The Walls are strongly Built being raised from the very bottom of the Ditch in the Circuit of these Walls are 53 Towers and no less than 16 Draw-bridges placed conveniently for the better securing of the Gates which are in number 11 Built all of curious white Stone The Buildings of the City in general are neither well Built nor well kept but the Town-house is a stately Structure Louvain stands 15 Miles N. E. of Brussels Long. 23 d. 58 m. Lat. 50 d. 57 m. III. Leeuwe Leeuwe is a little strong Town and Castle on the River Gete 16 Miles E. of Louvain and 21 W. of Maestricht Long. 24 d. 26 m. Lat. 50 d. 53 m. IV. Arschot Arschot Lat. Arscotium is a small City upon the River Deme and a Dukedom belonging to the Dukes de Croy. It lyes 8 Miles N. E. of Louvain Long. 24 d. 10 m. Lat. 51 d. 4 m. V. Nivelle Nivelle is a small and heretofore a strong Town but now dismantled It stands 12 Miles S. of Brussels Long. 23 d. 38 m. Lat. 50 d. 39 m. VI. Tillemont Tillemont Lat. Tena or Tenacae or Tillemontium in Flemish Thienen is a considerable Town on the River Gias It was one of the Four principal Towns of Brabant until it was almost ruined during the Civil Wars between the French and those of Liege The Duke of Guelderland plunder'd it in 1507. but the Inhabitants of Namur pursued him and having surpriz'd his Camp in the Night near St. Hubert in Ardenne recovered the Booty and took many Prisoners This Town was surrendred to Don John of Austria in 1578. and has a very fine Church Dedicated to St. Germain Bishop of Paris It stands 11 Miles almost S. E. of Louvain and 23 E. of Brussels Long. 24 d. 18 m. Lat. 50 d. 52 m. VII Judoigne Judoigne is a small Town on the River Gias 12 Miles S. E. of Louvain and 22 E. of Brussels Long. 24 d. 16 m. Lat. 50 d. 46 m. About Four Miles N. E. of this Place are the Villages of Elixem or Heylesem Neerwinden Battel of Landen Dormal Neerlanden and the Rivulet Landen Famous for the Battel that was Fought there in 1693. which happened in this manner The Duke of Luxemberg who Commanded the French Army in Chief having got Intelligence that King William of Great Brittain his Army was much lessened by the Detachments his Majesty had sent to the Lines 'twixt Ipres and Courtray and to Liege attack'd him in his Camp between Neerwinden and Landen July 29. with double the Number of Men but was receiv'd with so much Gallantry and repulsed so often that tho' the Fight continued from Five in the Morning till near Five in the Afternoon the
who have lately fortified it It stands by the borders of Hainault 10 Miles S. W. of Charleroy and 14 S. E. of Mons Long. 23 d. 31 m. Lat. 50 d. 22 m. V. Bouillon Bouillon or Buillon Lat. Bullonium is a fair and beautiful Burrough and Castle with the Title of a Dutchy This Castle is very strong situated upon a craggy Mountain It gave its name to the illustrious Godfrey of Bouillon King of Jerusalem who undertaking the famous expedition of the Holy Land engaged Bouillon to Obert Bishop of Liege upon condition that if he came back he should have the Liberty of Redeeming it In the XVth Century it passed into the House of la Mark It is now Subject to the French and stands on the River Semoy 38 Miles almost W. of Luxemburg Long. 24 d. 34 m. Lat. 49 d. 50 m. VI. Dinant Dinant Lat. Dinantium a rich Town on the River Meuse had formerly a strong Cittadel on a steep Rock that was ruined by the French in 1554. and has been restored since The French are in possession of this Place ever since 1675. it lies 14 Miles S. of Namur and 40 almost E. of Liege Long. 24 d. 10 m. Lat. 50 d. 12 m. VI. Walcourt Walcourt or Valencourt is a small inconsiderable Town in the Bishoprick of Liege tho' often reckon'd in Namur It is the Capital of le pays entre Meuse Sambre and famous for an obstinate skirmish betwixt the Dutch and French in which the latter sustained a considerable loss in 1689. but made themselves Masters of the Town It stands on a Rivulet nine Miles S. of Charleroy and 17 W. of Dinant Long. 23 d. 42 m. Lat. 50 d. 18. m. VIII Florennes Florennes is another small Town in Le Pays entre Sambre Meuse subject to the French It stands five Miles E. of Walcourt and 11 W. of Dinant Long. 24 d. Lat. 50 d. 10 m. IX Horne Horne is a little Town in Brabant with the Title of Earldom and a great Domain It is situated on the River Meuse with a good Castle It is an Imperial Mannor tho' subordinate to the ancient Earldom of Lootz in the Dominion of Liege .. It stands six Miles almost W. of Ruremond X. Hamont Hamont is a little Town in the County of Lootz and subject to this Prince In stands on the Borders of Brabant 17 Miles N. W. of Maesick Long. 24 d. 50 m. Lat. 51 d. 18 m. XI Brey Brey is another small Town in the County of Lootz subject to that Prince 11 Miles W. of Maesick and 15 North of Maestricht Long. 24 d. 55 m. Lat. 51 d. 10 m. XII Maesick Maesick is a pretty considerable Town in the County of Lootz subject to this Prince It stands on the River Maes by the Borders of Brabant and Gelderland 13 Miles almost N. E. of Maestricht and 27 from Liege Long. 25 d. 13. m. Lat. 51 d. 7 m. XIII Herk Herk is a small Town in the same County on the borders of Brabant and on the River Demer 18 Miles E. of Maestricht and 25 N. W. of Liege Long. 24 d. 28 m. Lat. 50 d. 58 m. XIV St. Truyen St. Truyen or St. Tron Lat. Fanum Sancti Trudonis is the Capital of the County of Hasbain or Haspengo subject to this Prince It stands nigh the Borders of Brabant 18 Miles W. of Mastricht and 20 almost N. W. of Liege Long. 24 d. 21 m. Lat. 50 d. 52 m. XV. Tongres Tongres or Tongeron Lat. Tungri or Aduacata Tungrorum is a very ancient Town upon Jecker it was first ruined by Attila and afterwards by the Normans Some pretend that St. Materne sent by St. Peter preached the Gospel and was first Bishop of this Place where he had eight successors until St. Gervais removed the seat to Mastricht whence it was afterwards changed to Liege This Town has nothing considerable at present but its name and the Glory of its ancient splendor It lies about 13 Miles N. W. of Liege Long. 24 d. 34 m. Lat. 50 d. 53 m. Article VIII Of the County of Namur THIS County borders Brabant on the North part of Brabant and Hainault on the West Bounds part of Hainault and Luxemburg on the South and part of Luxemburg and the Country of Liege Extent on the East It s extent North-east and South-West is about 34 Miles and West and East about 30. It is plentifully stored with all Commodities the Hills cloathed with Woods full of Fowl and Venison Quality and the Valleys fertile in Corn and Pastures It has also several Mines of Lead and Iron Quarries of divers sorts of fine Marble and Pits of Stone-Coal which they call Houles Cities There are here four considerable Towns and about 184 Villages Villages Rivers The Chief Rivers are 1. The Meuse which runs through the midst of this Province into the Bishoprick of Liege washing Charlemont Dinant Bovines and Namur 2. The Sambre which here washes Charleroy and falls into the Meuse at Namur This County was formerly under the Spaniards but the French have in this late War conquered its best places Government The most remarkable places in the County of Namur are Namur Bish Cap. Charleroy Charlemont Bouvines Flerus I. Namur Namur Lat. Namurcum situated upon the Sambre and near the Maes lies between two Mountains and has a very strong Castle Some derive its name from Novo Muro a new Wall built here by the Romans The Cathedral dedicated to St. Aubin was built in 1569. and the Bishoprick lies under the Archbishop of Cambray besides the Cathedral there is also the Collegiate Church of our Lady and several other Churches and Monasteries This City has a large and handsom Market-place a stately Town-house and abundance of good Stone-Buildings It is no less rich than pleasant and strong The Council Royal of the Province resided here from which they did appeal to that of Malines In 1692. The strength of the Place being discovered to the French by the Treacherous Baron de Bresse who under pretence of being taken did actually desert the Spanish service Lewis XIV with 80000 sat down before it Luxemburg covering the Siege with another great Army The Town was taken after a few days Resistance a Parly being beaten by a Drummer who never discovered who commanded him While the French continued to Besiege the Castle King William III. of great Brittain march'd with 90000 Men to its Relief but the French being advantageously posted they declined Battle His Majesty did notwithstanding drive them from some of their Posts and laid Bridges over the River to pass it but in the mean time a great Rain happening swell'd the River carried down the Bridges prevented his attacquing them and gave them the opportunity to take the Castle also July 2. 1692. Namur has been since very well Fortified by the French It lies 32 Miles S. E. of Brussels and 50 almost S. of Antwerp Long. 24 d. 12 m. Lat. 50 d. 32 II.
Long. 22 d. 44 m. Lat. 50 d. 24 m. V. Bouchain Bouchain Lat. Bochonium and Buccinium is situated upon the left Bank of the Scheld betwixt Valenciennes and Cambray It is a small Town but well Fortified and has a very good Castle It is the Capital of the County of Ostervand which in Times past belong'd immediately to the Eldest Sons of the Earls of Hainault it belongs to the French ever since 1676. and stands 10 Miles S. W. of Valenciennes and 28 W. of Mons. VI. Soignes Soignes is a small inconsiderable Town on the River Senne Eight Miles N. E. of Mons. VII Roccles Roccles is also a small open Town Eight Miles almost N. E. of Mons. VIII Quesnoy Quesnoy is a small Town but pretty considerable for its strength Subject to the French since 1654. It stands Seven Miles S. E. of Valenciennes and 18 S. W. of Mons. IX Bavay Bavay is a little Town about Six Miles S. W. of Mons. X. Maubeuge Maubeuge is a strong rich little Town on the River Sambre 10 Miles S. of Mons. XI Beaumont Beaumont is a little Town Nine Miles E. of Maubeuge and 15 S. E. of Mons Subject to the French and demolish'd by them in 1691. XII Landrecy Landrecy Lat. Landrecium seated on the Fountain of the River Sambre is small but strongly Fortified and Famous for the Sieges it has endured The Emperor Charles V. Besieged it in 1542. for Six Months with 150000 Men and retired from it at last without success By the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. it was left to the French It stands 15 Miles S. W. of Maubeuge and 23 S. of Mons. XIII Avesnes Avesnes is a pleasant and well Fortified Town upon the River Hepre in le pays entre Sambre Meuse it was granted to the French by the Pyrenaean Treaty and stands 10 Miles S. of Maubeuge and 30 W. of Cambray XIV Chimay Chimay seated on the River la Blanche or the White is at the entrance of the Forests Six Leagues from Avesnes notwithstanding what it has suffered by the almost continual Wars it is now very well re-establish'd and has a fine Castle It stands 21 Miles S. E. of Maubeuge XV. Marienburg Marienburg stands on the River Blanche it derives its Name from Mary of Austria Queen of Hungary and Governess of the Low Countries who Built it in 1542. It s situation is so advantageous that it was look'd upon as impregnable Yet the French took it and kept it by the Pyrenaean Treaty and have since dismantled it It lyes 29 Miles S. E. of Mons. XVI Philippeville Philippeville was Built by the same Queen Mary of Hungary in 1555. and called by the Name of King Philip. Besides its Situation that is naturally strong it was excellently well fortified to oppose the French who are Masters of it now according to the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. It stands 11 Miles W. of Charlemont 15 S. of Charleroy 20 S. W. of Namur and 24 S. E. of Mons. Places of Hainault belonging to the Spaniards I. Lessines LEssines or Lessin Lat. Lessina is a small City on the River Dender famous for the Manufactory of Linnen it stands 18 Miles N. of Mons 20 almost W. of Brussels and 22 S. of Ghent Long. 23 d. 8 m. Lat. 50 d. 50 m. II. Aeth At h or Aeth is not very large but Beautiful Rich and well Fortified seated upon the River Dender It was taken by the French in 1667. and confirmed to them by the Peace of Aix la Chapelle but restored to the Spaniards in 1678. by the Treaty of Nimeguen It stands on the Borders of Flanders 14 Miles almost N. W. of Mons. III. Enghien Enghien or Anguien is a small place on the Borders of Brabant and Flanders noted for its Manufactories of all sorts of Tapestries and for being the first Barony of the Provinces which gives the Title of Baron to the Princes of the House of Bourbon It stands 16 Miles N. of Mons. Two or three Miles S. of Enghien is the Village Steenkirk by the River Senne and Famous for the Battel that was fought there betwixt the Confederates Army and the French in 1692. The loss of Men was almost equal but the French carried the Day IV. Halle Halle is a small dismantled Town on the River Sennes plundered by the French in 1691. It stands 21 Miles almost N. E. of Mons. V. Braine-le-Comte Braine-le-Comte is another small inconsiderable Town nigh the Borders of Brabant between Brussels and Mons 13 Miles off the former and 14 off the latter VI. Fontain or l'Evesque Fontain or l'Evesque is also an inconsiderable Town of Hainault on the Borders of Namur 16 Miles E. of Mons. Article XI Of Cambresis Lat. Cameracensis Ager CAmbresis is bounded on the North and East with Hainault on the West with Artois Bounds and on the South with Picardy It s Extent South-East and North-West is about 30 Miles Extent and West about 16. This Country is very fruitful in all things except Wine Quality and has a Castle called Castle Cambresis where in 1559. there was concluded a Peace between Spain and France which last gave 98 considerable Places for St. Quentin Ham and Catelet The Chief Rivers here are 1. Scheld which washes Crevecoeur and Cambray Rivers and runs into Hainault 2. Selle which washes Castle or Chateau Cambresis and runs into Hainault 3. Sambre which goes through a little part of this Country and runs into Hainault The Cities or Walled Towns are but Three in number viz. Cambray Archb. Cap. Crevecoeur Chateau Cambresis Which are all under the French I. Cambray Cambray Lat. Cameracum seated upon the Scheld is great fair well Built and one of the strongest Towns of Europe with Two Cittadels in it Some Authors write that Camber King of the Sicambrians was the Founder of it Claudion King of France Conquered it in 445. and afterwards it fell to Charles the Bald in 843. and 870. after the Death of Lothaire II. and sometimes after it became the Subject of War between the Kings of France the Emperors of Germany and the Counts of Flanders Baldwin I. Count of Flanders took it and gave it to his Son Raoul The Emperors declared it a free Town but for all that the French never quitted their Claim to it In 1542. Francis I. of France consented it should be Neuter but the Emperor Charles V. took it the Year after and kept the Inhabitants in awe by a Cittadel Built at their own Expences It changed Masters some time after when the Duke of Alencon Brother to King Henry III. was made Count of Flanders in 1582. He was also Master of Cambray and left it to John Montiu Sieur of Belagny who soon after join'd himself to the League and afterwards made Peace with Henry IV. who made him Prince of Cambray and Mareschal of France in 1594. but the Spaniards surprised this Town and forced him to deliver them the Cittadel the 9th of October 1595. The Inhabitants
Chambery 120 N. W. of Turin 120 S. W. of Basil 210 S. E. of Paris and 450 N. W. of Rome Long. 25 d. 38 m. Lat. 46 d. 4 m. II. Annecy Annecy Lat. Annecium is a pretty large Town at the foot of the Mountains of Saymenoz and upon a Lake of the same name The Lake is unfathomably deep four Leagues long and half a League broad and gives rise to the River Tioud which Waters Annecy by divers Channels This Town is the Residence of the titular Bishop of Geneve since 1535. has several Churches and Monasteries and the Houses are built upon Arches so that People may walk in its Streets by any Weather This City stands 22 miles S. of Geneva and 26 N. of Chambery Long. 25 d. 32 m. Lat. 45 d. 37 m. CHAP. II. Piedmont Lat. Pedemontium THE Principality of Piedmont lies betwixt the Milanese and Montferrat to the East Bounds the Republick of Genoa and the County of Nice to the South Extent Savoy and Dauphine to the West and Velais to the North. It is in length about 114. Miles and in breadth 80. This Country was formerly comprehended in Gallia Sub-alpina History and afterwards in Lombardy The Taurins Salassians Segusians Libicians and several other people did heretofore inhabit it But yet it is not well agreed upon how it came to be the possession of the Duke of Savoy The Duke's Eldest Sons bear the Title of Princes of Piedmont It is very considerable for its fertility good Air and the Wealth of the Inhabitants it abounds with Corn Wine Fruits Venison Cattel Hemp Minerals It contains besides Baronies and Lordships 15 Marquisates 52 Earldoms and 160 Walled Towns or Castles This Province may be divided into ten parts viz. 1. The Dukedom of Aost Aost Bish 2. The Principality of Masserene Masseran 3. The Seignory of Verceils Verceils Bish 4. The Marquisate of Ivrea Ivrea Bish 5. The County of Asti Asti Bish 6. Proper Piedmont Turin Archb. Cap. 7. The Marquisate of Susa Suza 8. The Marquisate of Salusses Salusses Bish 9. The Valleys of the Vaudois 10. French Piedmont Pignerol Article I. The Dukedom of Aoste Lat. Ducatus Augustanus THIS Dutchy lies at the foot of the Alps betwixt Valais on the North The Valleys of Sesia and Lordship of Verceil to the East Canavese and Piedmont proper to the South And the County of Tarentaise to the West It is the Country of the ancient Salassi comprehending six large Valleys besides that from whence it is named which the River Doere divides in the middle It is thought that this Dukedom was annexed to Savoy by the Marriage of Count Odon Son to Humbert I. with Adelais of Susa Widow of Hermannus Duke of Suabia in 1030. The remarkable Places here are Aoste Bish Cap. La Sale Morges Issogne Villeneuve St. Martin Chatillon I. Aoste Aoste Lat. Augusta Salassorum or Augusta Praetoria is so called in Latin either as being built by Augustus or else as being a Roman Colony It is a Bishop's see under the Archbishop of Tarentaise and has a Triumphal Arch raised by Augustus remaining almost entire besides a Colossus and several other Monuments of Roman Grandeur This City is 50 Miles E. of Turin and was the Birth-place of the famous Saint Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury Article II. The Principality of Masseran THIS is a small Territory within the Lordship of Verceils the only place of Note here is Massesaw subject to its own Prince who is of the House of Ferrari and is Protected by the Pope The Town stands upon a Hill 18 N. E. of Ivrea 22 N. W. of Verceils and 37 almost N. E. of Turin Long. 27 d. 48 m. Lat. 45 d. 10 m. Article III. The Lordship of Verceils THIS Lordship lies between Montferrat Ivree and Milanese and is exceeding fertile and well-peopled The places of Note here Verceils Beile Sautia c. I. Verceil Verceil Lat. Vercellae is situate upon the River Sesse with a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Milan It has a good Castle a Cittadel and several Fortifications fine Churches and a famous Hospital This City flourished under the Romans but has had several Masters since their time for it has been a Common-Wealth afterwards under the Dukes of Milan and since under those of Savoy The Spaniards took it from the latter in 1638. but it was restored again by the Peace of the Pyrenees It stands 12 Miles N. of Casal 40 almost N. E. of Turin and as many West of Milan Long. 28 d. 17 m. Lat. 44 d. 50 m. II. Beile Beile is a small Town in the Seigniory of Verceil and the head of a Territory belonging to the Duke of Savoy It stands on a Hill 8 Miles W. of Masseran and 32 N. of Turin Long. 27 d. 43 m. Lat. 45 d. 3 m. Article IV. Marquisate of Ivrea THIS Marquisate lies between the Lordship of Verceil to East The Dukedom of Aost to the North the Marquisate of Suse to the West and part of Montferrat to the South The only place of Note here is Ivrea Bish Cap. Ivrea Lat. Eporedia is upon the River Doriabalta with a Bishop See under the Archbishop of Turin and a Marquisate belonging to the Duke of Savoy This City according to the Opinion of some Authors was Built two Years before the Birth of our Saviour in the Country of the Ancient Salassi and gave its Name to this Marquisate which formerly was so famous under Berengarius who contended for the Empire with the French descended from the Kings of Arles Anscharius was Marquiss of Ivrea which came under the Dominion of the Duke of Savoy in 870. This City is of great importance to the Duke of Savoy having a good Castle and other Fortifications It has been an Imperial City but the Emperor Frederick II. and William Count of Holland gave it to Thomus II. in 1242. And in 1344. John Marquiss of Montferrat yielded to Amadaeus VI. the Right he had to it It stands 22 Miles N. of Turin 29 E. of Susa and 32 W. of Verceil Long. 27d 33 m. Lat. 44 d. 55 m. The Canavese Between the City of Ivree and the River Po is the Country called Canavese which was heretofore part of Montferrat but now belongs to Piedmont since it was left to the Duke of Savoy by the Treaty of Querasque in 1631. There are no considerable Places in it Article V. The County of Asti THis County is incircled in Montferrat and has but Two Remarkable Places viz. Asti and Verua I. Asti Asti or Ast Lat. Asta is an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Milan This City is seated on the River Tanare large and well fortified with a strong new Castle and Cittadel The County formerly depended upon the State of Milan but in 1531. Charles V. gave it to Charles III. Duke of Savoy It stands 16 Miles S. W. of Casal and 26 E. of Turin Long. 28 d. 2 m. Lat. 44 d. 28 m. II. Verua Verua lyes upon an Eminence and
is very well fortified The Spaniards laid Siege to it but to little purpose in 1625. It stands upon the Frontiers of Montferrat and the Banks of the Po 16 Miles N. E. of Turin Article VI. Proper Piedmont Piedmont properly so called lyes between the Montferrat on the East the Republick of Genoa on the South the Marquisate of Salusses on the West and the Marquisate of Suse and part of Montferrat to the North. The Principal Towns and Cities here are Turin Archb. Cap. Mondovis Bish Ceve Marq. Fossano Bish Rivoli Carignan Princip Vigon Savillano Coni Quieras Quiers Moncalier Orbassan I. Turin Turin Lat. Taurinum or Augusta Taurinorum is seated in a vast Plain having the River Po on the right and the Doire on the left It is the Residence of the Dukes of Savoy who have spared nothing to render it one of the pleasantest and strongest Towns of Italy It is adorned with a Senate a Chamber of Accounts an Archbishops See and an University There is the Old and New City with good Bastions Walls and Out-works The Duke's Palace is very Ancient and Magnificent especially the Gallery which is finely Embellish'd with a great number of Paintings Statues Arms Manuscripts and other Rarities There is also to be seen the Genealogies of the Dukes of Savoy the Coelestial Signs very well represented and 30000 Volumes in the Library There are also several other Beautiful Palaces in the Town with a great number of Noble-Men that form the Duke's Court which is one of the most Polisht of Europe The Streets are fine the Houses well Built the Churches very Magnificent The Cathedral is that of St. John which boasts of having many Relicks especially our Saviour's Winding-sheet There is a strong Cittadel flank'd with Five good Bastions and Built by the pattern of that of Antwerp Turin stands 20 Miles nigh E. of Pignerol 78 almost W. of Milan 100 almost E. of Grenoble and 120 S. E. of Geneva Long. 27 d. 26 m. Lat. 44 d. 34 m. II. Mondovis Mondovis Mondovi or Mondevi Lat. Mons Vici or Mons Regalis is seated at the foot of Mount Apennin two Leagues from the River Tanare with a Bishoprick under the Archbishoprick of Turin It is large and the best Inhabited of all Piedmont after Turin There is an University and a Cittadel Built in 1573. by Emanuel Philibert Duke of Savoy on a Hill which produces fine white Marble This City stands 27 Miles S. of Turin III. Ceve Ceva is a little Town and Castle Eight Miles S. E. of Mondovi It is the Capital of the Country of the Langhes and has the Title of a Marquisate The Country about is full of Game especially Pheasants and Partridges IV. Fossano Fossano Lat. Fossanum is seated on the River Stura with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Turin erected by Gregory XIII It stands 24 Miles S. of Turin V. Rivoli Rivoli is a small Town on the River Dora about 7 Miles W. of Turin It has a very Sumptuous Castle VI. Carignan Carignan is situated upon the Po over which it has a fine Bridge with the Title of Principality It has a strong Castle and its Soil abounds with Mulberry-Trees for the Silk-worms Thomas Francis of Savoy Fifth Son of Charles Emanuel first of that Name Duke of Savoy and Catharine Michelle of Austria bore in this Age the Title of Prince of Carignan He was great Master of France and died in 1656. In 1625. he Married Mary of Bourbon Daughter to Charles of Bourbon and begot on her Joseph Emanuel John who died in 1656. Eugen Maurice Count of Soissons Annudeus Ferdinand Charlotte Christine both dead young and Louise Christine Married to Ferdinand Maximilian Carignan was taken by the French in 1691. and retaken in the same Year by the Duke of Savoy It stands 8 Miles S. of Turin VII Vigon Vigon is a little but fortified Place by the River Chison 13 Miles S. W. of Turin VIII Savillano Savillano or Savigliano Lat. Savilianum is a great Town upon the River Magra under the Duke of Savoy between Fossano to the East and Salusses to the West six Miles from either and 22 S. of Turin It is the Head of the Territory that bears its Name and has a very pleasant and advantageous Situation between two Rivers which renders it capable of being made very strong wherefore also Philibert Emanuel Duke of Savoy thought to make it the Capital of his Dominions IX Coni. Coni Lat. Cuneum is a strong Town and Castle Situated upon a Hill at the Confluent of two little Rivers the Stura and Ges It s Situation renders it naturally strong It held out against Francis I. but in 1641. the Count De Harcourt under Lewis XIII made himself Master of it Lewis the XIVth was not so Successful in 1691. for he was forced to raise the Siege This Town stands 35 Miles S. of Turin X. Quieras Quieras is a small but strong City situate upon a Hill by the River Tanare It was there that in 1631. a Peace was made between France the Empire the Spaniards the Duke of Savoy and that of Modena This Town stands 30 Miles S. E. of Turin XI Quiers Quiers or Chieri is very strong by its Situation It was formerly a fine City and a Republick but is now Subject to the Duke of Savoy This Place is very famous for the Fustians that are made there and for the Seed its Soil furnishes the Dyers withal The Count of Harcourt won a Battel near it from the Spaniards It stands Seven Miles almost E. of Turin XII Moncalier Moncalier is a small Town upon the Po nigh Four Miles S. of Turin XIII Orbassan Orbassan is a little Village Six Miles S. W. of Turin remarkable by the Battel fought near it Octob. 4. 1693. See Pignerol Article VII The Marquisate of Susa THis Dutchy Borders the County of Morienne in Savoy to the North Piedmont proper to East and South and Mount Genevre to the West The only Place of Note here is Suse Suse Lat. Susa Capital of the Marquisate of the same Name is upon the River Doere at the foot of the Alpes Cottiae now called Mount Cenis and Mount Genevre which separate Piedmont from Dauphine Some Learned Men take this to be the place where Augustus Erected his Trophy fourteen years before the Birth of our Saviour the Inscription being still to be seen on a Triumphal Arch in this City But others place it at the foot of the Maritime Alps near to a place called Tourbie by a corruption of the word Trophie and is confirmed by a piece of Stone on which are seen part of the Letters composing these words Gentes Alpinae Devictae with the Names of some other Nations Some are of Opinion that Augustus caused the same Trophy to be Erected in two several Places and so endeavour to reconcile both these Opinions The Sepulchre of Cottus whence the Cottian Alps take their Name was to be seen in this Town The adjacent Country abounds with Wine
Province became the Theatre and Seat of War for almost 20 years until it was order'd by the 42 and 43 Articles of the Treatise of Peace concluded between the Crowns of Spain and France in 1659. That the Pyrenean Mountains should part both the Kingdoms by which agreement Catalonia and the greatest part of the County of Cerdagne that are beyond the Mountains were adjudged to the Spaniards and the County of Roussillon a little of that of Cerdagne with the whole Conflent which are of this side left to the French Article I. Description of the Places of Note belonging to the King of Spain in Catalonia I. Barcelona BArcelona the Capital City of Catalonia belonging to the King of Spain is a Sea-Port of the Mediterranean bears the Title of a County has a Sovereign Court and University a Court of Inquisition and a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Taragona It is a great rich fair and well fortified City There is a great Trade especially in Cloths and Blankets called Castelognes Some Authors are of opinion that it was built by Amilcar Barca a Carthaginian Captain about 300 years before the Birth of our Saviour It is the Town Ptolomy calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Saint Paulinus Barcinus Jornandes Barcelona and others Barcina and Barcelona and think it is the place Plinius calls Faventia It is situated in a Plain by the Sea-side there is the Old and New Town parted by a Wall and round both is a strong Rampart with Towers and some Bastions and a very deep Ditch At this time the King of Spain is about raising new Fortifications to oppose the French in case they should have in this Campaign any Design upon this City The Cathedral is a stately Building as are most of the other Churches the Streets are Great and very Clean and the Key is very convenient and safe being sheltered from the Winds of one side by Mount Iâ—i and by another lesser Hill on the other side at the end of the Key is the Light-House and a little Fort. This City was under the Romans but in the year of Christ 412. During the Reign of the Emperor Honorius it was taken by Athaulphus King of the Visigoths or West-Goths the Husband of Placidia Honorius's Sister and from thence forward it was the Seat of the Kings of that Nation whence comes the Name of Gottalonia and Cattalonia In time they conquered the rest of Spain and then Toledo became the Royal City till it was taken by the Saracens King Athaulphus was murthered at Barcelona in 415. in the VIIIth Century when the Saracens setled themselves in Spain they became Masters of Barcelona the Spaniards endeavoured to retake it but in vain The French took it in 801. Afterwards it was subject to the Princes of Catalonia till this Province was annexed to Arragon Its Governors had the Title of Counts It stands 52 Miles E. of Tarragona 60 N. of the Isle Majorca 134 almost S. of Narbonne and 300 E. of Madrid Long. 20 d. 33 m. Lat. 40 d. 34 m. II. Villa Franca de Panades Villa Franca de Panades is a pretty large Town in Catalonia the Head of a Viguery 24 Miles N. W. of Barcelona and 26 N. E. of Tarragona III. Tarragona Tarragona Lat. Tarraco is a Sea-Town with an Archbishoprick and University It was built and fortified by the Scipio's upon the descent of a Hill near the Sea where it has a Port fit for no other Vessels but Barks The Spaniards brag that it was never taken The Moors surrounded it with Walls and it has since their time been very regularly fortified As for its Trade and Riches they are nothing near so considerable as formerly The Province of Tarragona called Tarraconensis by the Ancients comprehended the Country of the Celtiberians Vascones Coserani Lasetani Indigetes Cerretani Castellani Jaccetani Hergetes Carpentani Edetani Now all the Province of Tarragona contains Murcia Valencia Catalonia Aragon Navarra Biscay the Asturies Galicia the Kingdom of Leon and almost both the Castiles This City stands 54 Miles W. of Barcelona Long. 19 d. 26 m. Lat. 40 d. 36 m. IV. Tortosa Tortosa Lat. Dertosa or Dertossa or Dertuse stands near the Mediterranean on the River Ebro 44 Miles W. of Tarragona and 34 of Barcelona Long. 18 d. 27 m. Lat. 40 d. 32 m. It is a small but a strong and ancient City and Castle The French took it in 1649. but they lost it again the next year after V. Flix Flix is a very strong Castle on the River Ebro 26 Miles N. of Tortosa subject to the King of Spain VI. Balaguer Balaguer or Balaguier Lat. Bellagurium and Valaguaria and according to some Bergusia stands at the foot of a steep Hill on the River Segre 19 Miles N. E. of Lerida and 60 almost N. of Tarragona Long. 18 d. 52 m. Lat. 41 d. 30 m. This City was taken by the French under the Command of the Count of Harcourt in 1645. after he had defeated the Spanish Army which came to relieve it VII Lerida Lerida or Lelida Lat. Ilerda in the Roman Times was the Capital of that part of Spain they called Tarraconensis It is a strong place built upon a rising ground but declining to the River Segre taken from the Moors in 1143. and made a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Tarragona It is famous for the many Sieges it has suffered and the Battels fought under its Walls during the Wars between Spain and France In 1644 46 and 47. In an Attack the French made upon it in 1646. they were beaten off and lost all their Canon Near this place Julius Caesar gain'd the Victory over Afranius and Petreius that sided with Pompey Here is an University which has been famous heretofore and where Pope Calixt III. and St. Vincent Ferrier took their Degrees This City lies 18 Miles S. W. of Balaguer 60 almost N. of Tarragona and 100 N. W. of Barcelona Long. 18 d. 36 m. Lat. 41 d. 22 m. VIII Monblancq Monblancq is a small Town on the River Francoli the Head of a Territory of the same Name 19 Miles almost N. of Tarragona IX Tarrega Tarrega is another small Town on the River Cervera 18 Miles almost N. of Monblancq the Head of a Viguary X. Agramunt Agramunt is a Borough 45 Miles N. of Tarragona on the Rivulet Sio the Head of a Viguary XI Salsona Salsona or Solsona is seated at the foot of the Mountains on the small River Cardoner with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Tarragona It is thinly peopled but pretty strong and now under the French It stands 56 Miles almost N. of Tarragona and 68 almost N. of Barcelona Long. 19 d. 52 m. Lat. 41 d. 30 m. XII Cardona Cardona is a small Town with the Title of a Dutchy situated upon a River of this Name about two Leagues from Solsona and seven or eight from Montferrat It is Renowned for giving its Name to Lords of the House of Folch who rais'd themselves by their proper Merit
and whereof there have been many Cardinals and other Prelates and some who have had very Illustrious Alliances with the Royal House of Arragon and with the greatest Families of Spain It is also famous for its Salt-Mines which yield a yearly Revenue of 30000 Pieces of Eight The Dukedom of Cardona contains three or four Villages besides the Town The Duke being one of the Richest Grandees of Spain and possessing besides it three Dukedoms four Marquisates and two Earldoms He lives mostly at Madrid but sends hither every three years a new Governour the King of Spain having nothing to do with this City It is the freest in Spain and besides the Tenth of the Corn and Wine paid to the Duke it never payeth any Tribute to him or the King It is governed by a Council and Four Consuls chosen every Year by Lot so that no Man of the Council can serve again till three years are expired This Town stands 52 Miles N. E. of Tarragona Long. 20 d. Lat. 41 d. 22 m. XIII Manresa Manresa is a small City upon the River Cardoner once a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Tarragona It stands 42 Miles N. E. of Tarragona XIV Montserrat Montserrat is a Monastery six Miles S. W. from Manresa famous for the great number of Pilgrims that come thither out of most parts of the World XV. Vich Vich or Vigue Lat. Aula Nova Corbio Vicus and Aquae Voconiae is a small City upon the Ter with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Tarragona It stands 26 Miles almost W. of Girona and 42 Miles N. of Barcelona XVI Campredon Campredon is a small inconsiderable Place about 30 Miles almost N. of Vich XVI Puicerda Puicerda or Puy-Cerda is a small City the Capital of the County of Cerdagne on the River Segra in the Pyrenaean Hills 48 Miles W. of Perpignan and 92 N. of Barcelona Long 20 d. 22 m. Lat. 42 d. 3 m. XVII La seu de Urgel Vrgel called by the Inhabitants la seu de Vrgel Lat. Orgelum Orgia or Orgella is seated on the River Segra with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Tarragona it had Counts of great Power under the second Line of the Kings of Arragon The French made themselves Masters of it in 1691. It stands five Leagues from the Borders of France and 96 Miles almost N. of Barcelona Long. 19 d. 46 m. Lat. 42 d. 3 m. XVIII Girona Girona Lat. Gerunda is a very Ancient City upon the River Ter with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Tarragona indifferently well fortified There is one broad Street that runs the whole length of the City with several good Suburbs In 1684. the French under the Command of Mareschal Bellefond lay Siege to it and endeavouring to take it by Storm were shamefully beaten off with Loss of 6000 Men. Girona stands 20 Miles off the Mediterranean Sea 50 Miles S. of Perpignan and 58 N. E. of Barcelona Long. 21 d. 20 m. Lat. 41 d. 25 m. XIX Roses Roses Lat. Rodopolis once a City now only a Castle and a small Town with a large Harbour on the Mediterranean Sea very strong and regularly fortified It stands 30 Miles South of Perpignan and 90 S. W. of Barcelona This Place was first fortified by Charles V. before which it was only a Monastery Tho' in the Time of the Romans it had been one of the most considerable Cities in Spain supposed to have been Built by the Rhodians before the Romans were Masters of this Kingdom and from them to have taken its Name It was taken by the French in 1645. restored by the Pyrenaean Treaty to Spain but retaken the last Year 1693. and now in the Possession of the French Article II. Catalonia belonging to the French THat part of Catalonia yielded to the French by the Treaty of the Pyrenees is Rousillon and the Territory of Conflent Rousillon is an Earldom in the Pyrenean Mountains Bounds having part of the Higher Languedoc to the North the Sea to the East and Catalonia to the West and South Quality This Country has good Pastures and is watered by three considerable Rivers viz. Egly Tet Tech. It was formerly united to Spain and made part of Catalonia John King of Arragon sold to Lewis II. of France and King Charles VIII gave it up to Ferdinand upon condition he would grant no Succours to those of Naples but he kept not his Promise and yet detained Rousillon which was ever since subject to Spain till Lewis XIV has retaken it from the Spaniards and has reunited it to France by the Peace of the Pyrenees Conflent Lat. Confluentes is a small Country on the West of Roussillon yielded to France by the same Treaty The Principal Places here are In Roussillon Perpignan Bish Cap. Canet Elna Salses Colliure In Conflent Villa Franca de Conflent I. Perpignan Perpignan Lat. Perpinianum and Paperianum stands upon the River Tet three Leagues from the Sea and is the See of the Bishop of Elna under the Archbishop of Narbone since 1684. It is said to have been Built out of the Ruins of Roussillon that was a Roman Colony The Arragonese took this City from the French about 1473. but they retook it in 1642. and have since that time so well fortified it with a Cittadel and other Works that it is accounted one of the strongest Places in Europe It lyes 35 Miles S. of Narbone and 104 almost N. of Barcelona Long. 21 d. 22 m. Lat. 42 d. 14 m. II. Canet Canet is a small Town on the right side of the River Tet two Miles W. of the Sea and about seven E. of Perpignan III. Elna Elna is also a small Town on the River Tech about a League from the Mediterranean eight Miles S. E. of Perpignan formerly a Bishop's See IV. Salses Salses or Sauses Lat. Salsulae is a little Town with a very strong Castle Built on a Hill near a Lake of the same Name It was first Built by the Spaniards to Bridle the Castle of Leucate which lyes within two Miles of it but taken by the French in 1640. and yielded to them by the Treaty of the Pyrenees with the County of Roussillon It is 12 Miles N. of Perpignan and six W. of the Sea V. Colliure Colliure or Collioure Lat. Camoliberis is a small Town upon the Mediterranean Sea with a very good Port. It stands 15 Miles S. E. of Perpignan THE MARTIAL-FIELD OF EUROPE SECT V. Hungary UNder the Name of Hungary I comprehend here not the Kingdom of Hungary only but also those Provinces and States adjoining to it which make part of European Turky and which for these many Years have been and are still as well as Hungary the Theatre of War And therefore the Places I design to describe in this Section are the 12 following 1. Hungary 2. Transilvania 3. Podolia 4. Moldavia 5. Walachia 6. Bulgaria 7. Servia 8. Rascia 9. Bosnia 10. Sclavonia 11. Croatia 12. Dalmatia Article I. Hungary Lat. Hungaria HVngary is an Elective Kingdom
sorts of Nations viz. Saxons Inhabitants Bulgarians and Hungarians the first possess the Province called the Seven Towns the Bulgarians dwell on the Banks of Marise the Hungarians possess the Frontiers of Walachia and follow the Grecian Religion These are divided into Counties pay no Tribute to the Prince of Transilvania but are obliged to serve at their own Expences when he goes to War The Doctrine of Calvin and Luther were introduced here in 1561. For George Brandrata Religion Physician to John Zapol Count of Scepus and Vayvode of Transilvania made this young Prince embrace the Sentiments of Luther by means of Denis Alexis but this Man not Executing his Orders with care enough he substituted Francis David in his Place who of a Lutheran made the Prince a Calvinist and at last taught him the Doctrine of Arius Stephen Bathori Prince of Transilvania in 1571. afterwards chosen King of Poland endeavoured to re-establish Popery and to that end gave the Government of this Principality to his Brother Christopher Bathori who cast David into Prison where he died Mad. He founded a College of Jesuits at Colaswar but dying in 1583. his Son Sigismund who succeeded him to comply with the Transilvanians was forced to dismiss the Jesuits but recalled them two years after This Principality is now incorporated with the Kingdom of Hungary Government under the protection of the Emperor for Michael Abafti the 23d Prince from John Huniades who succeeded John Kemani in 1661. by a solemn Act given at Hermanstadt May 9. 1688. with the full consent of the States of Transilvania made an entire submission of this Country to the Emperor and the King of Hungary to last for ever and accordingly he received Imperial Garrisons into all the principal places The said Prince dying in 1690. the States in a general Assembly resolved to adhere to the Interests of the Emperor against all the Pretences of Count Teckely or the Ottoman Port according to the Tenour of the said Treaty The most considerable Places in the Principality of Transilvania are Hermanstadt Bish Cap. Alba Julia or Weissemburg Bish Brassow or Cronstadt Coloswar or Clausenburg Segeswar Agnetlin Altenberg Bestercze Newmark I. Hermanstadt Hermanstadt Lat. Cibinum or Hermanopolis called by the Inhabitants Zeben the Capital of Transilvania and Residence of the Prince is a large populous strong and well built City It has no Bishop at present but is reckoned a Bishop's See Suffragan of the Archbishop of Colocza in Hungary The Inhabitants of this City are Saxons and five Jurisdictions depend upon it The Prince of this Country having formerly put himself under the Protection of the Grand Signior the late Duke of Lorrain prevail'd with the Prince Abafti to put himself under the Protection of the Emperor and to receive a Garrison of 3000 Germans in 1687. This City stands in a Plain on the River Cibin 160 Miles N. E. of Belgrade and 235 almost E. of Buda Long. 45 d. 48 m. Lat. 46 d. 46 m. II. Weissemburg Weissemburg Lat. Alba Julia which the Hungarians call Giula Fejerwar is situate upon the River Marise which the Inhabitants call Marons and the Germans Merisch with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Colocka The ancient Kings and Princes of this Country made their ordinary residence in this City which has been much greater than now it is as may be seen by its rare Roman Medals Coins and Inscriptions evident signs of Antiquity and Grandeur It stands 34 Miles W. of Hermanstadt 68 N. E. of Temeswar 90 E. of Waradin and 196 E. of Buda Long. 45 d. Lat. 46 d. 46 m. III. Cronstadt or Brassaw Brassaw or Cronstadt Lat. Patrovissa is a strong City and a Bishop's See situated near the Frontiers of Moldavia and the Carpathian Mountains Some take it for the Praetoria Augusta of Ptolomy and others call it Corona and Stephanopolis and pretend that it is one of the Seven Cities Built or Repaired by the Saxons It stands 65 Miles almost N. E. of Hermanstadt Long. 47 d. 20 m. Lat. 47 d. 5 m. IV. Clausemburg Clausemburg called Coloswar by those of the Country and Claudiopolis in Latin is a great and populous City with the Title of a Bishoprick and an old Cittadel situated upon the little Brook Samos at the foot of the Mountains towards the Frontiers of Hungary 34 Miles N. W. of Weissemburg and 64 of Hermanstadt Long. 44 d. 25 m. Lat. 47 d. 11 m. The States of Transilvania are kept in it V. Segeswar Segeswar called Schezberg by the Germans Lat. Segethusa is seated on the River Cochel at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains subject to the Prince of Transilvania under the Emperor It stands 40 Miles N. of Hermanstadt VI. Agnetlin or Agnabat Agnetlin or Agnabat is one of the Chief Towns in Transilvania tho' of no strength it is seated on the River Harbach 25 Miles almost N. of Hermanstadt subject to the Prince of Transilvania and protected by the Emperor VII Altemberg Altemberg is a small City seated upon a Hill Built out of the Ruins of Zalnatra 20 Miles S. W. of Weissemburg or Alba Julia and 42 S. of Clausenburg VIII Bestercze or Besteriza Bestercza or Besteriza Lat. Bistricia is a small but very neat City which stands in a very large Plain upon a River of its own Name 80 Miles N. W. of Hermanstadt IX Newmark Newmark Lat. Nova Marchia called Waverhely by the Hungarians is seated on the River Merish at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains 36 Miles N. E. of Clausenburg The States of Transilvania usually meet here Article III. Podolia Bounds POdolia is a great Province of Poland in Lithuania between Moldavia to the S. Black Russia to the W. Volhinia to the N. and the Tartars of Oczakow to the E. This Province is very fertile but has been often wasted by the Inroads of the Tartars and Cossacks and is now the Theatre of the War between the Poles and the Turks It 's usually divided into the Higher Podolia that lyes to the West wherein are the Cities of Kaminieck and Bar and into the Lower which lyes to the East and has in it the City of Bracklaw I. Kaminieck Bish Cap. Kaminieck or Caminieck Lat. Camenecia Clepidava or Camienicum is a very strong Town and the Capital of Podolia The Poles call it Kaminieck Podeleki It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishoprick of Lemberg and stands upon a Mountain by the River Smortzyck which a little lower falls into the Niester The Turks very often attempted this Place without success but it having suffered much by Fire in 1669. and being thereupon Besieged by them in 1672. it was taken the Poles being then Engaged in a Civil War amongst themselves and the Town in an ill condition of Defence The Cossacks under Motula blocked it up in April 1687. and the Polish Army designed to Attack it in September following but upon the approach of the Ottoman Forces they were both of them forced to retire The Polish
Army kept it in a manner blocked up by their Incampment in 1688. And in 1689. the Forces of Lithuania and Poland setting down before it began a formal Attack Aug. 20. but crossed with ill success raised the Siege in September following This City stands 72 Miles N. W. of Soczow 116 almost S. E. of Lemburg 280 E. of Cracovia and 290 S. E. of Warsovia Long. 47 d. 46 m. Lat. 48 d. 50 m. II. Bar. Bar is a very strong Town on the River Row in the Palatinate of Kaminieck upon a Hill among Marshes and now subject to the Turks It stands 70 Miles N. E. of Kaminieck and 54 N. W. of Braclaw Long. 49 d. 22 m. Lat. 49 d. 14 m. III. Braclaw Braclaw Lat. Braclovia is a strong Town in Lower Podolia situated upon the River Bog towards the middle of this Province and Capital of the Palatinate of the same Name it is subject to the King of Poland but the Country has been strangely ruined by the Turks since the taking of Kaminieck off which City it stands 110 Miles to the E. Long. 50 d. 52 m. Lat. 48 d. 53 m. Article IV. Moldavia MOldavia is a Principality of Europe known also under the Name of Great Walachia Name or Walachia Cisalpina formerly part of Dacia and afterwards of the Great Kingdom of Hungary It has its Modern Name from a River Bounds or from the Borough Moldavia The Niester divides it from Podotia on the N. the Black Sea and the Danube divide it from Bulgaria on the E. It has the Rivers Danube and Serethe or Missovo on the South and the Mount Hemus divides it from Walachia and Transilvania on the West It is about 90 Leagues long from East to West Extent and 70 from N. to S. This Country is fruitful in Corn Pulse c. the Air very good Quality There is such plenty of Wax and Honey that their Tythes are worth above 200000 Crowns to the Prince History The Inhabitants are Christians under the Greek Patriarch and the Tribute they paid formerly to the Turks was formerly about 1400 Pound but the Port increaseth it from time to time not caring how poor they make them to keep them obedient Iâ— 1686. the Poles over-ran all this Country and took their principal Cities they therefore since relinquished the Ottoman Interest and voluntarily put themselves under the Protection of the Emperor of Germany in 1688. This Country is divided into Moldavia properly so called towards the West and Bessarabia towards the East where the Danube's Mouths are and belongs to the Turks Bessarabia is inhabited by the Tartars Drobuces or of Budziack and the Tartars of Oczakow both great Thieves The Places of Note in Moldavia Proper are Sockzow or Czukaw Jassy or Jazy Pudna Targorod or Trescort In Bessarabia Tekin or Tigina Akierman or Bialogrod Oczakow Kilia nova I. Sockzow Sockzow or Czukaw is a great and strong City the Capital of the Principality of Moldavia and the ordinary Residence of the Prince called Vayvode It stands on the River Serethe 54 Miles N. E. of Cronstad and 74 almost S. of Kaminieck Long. 48 d. 30 m. Lat. 47 d. 44 m. II. Jassy Jassy or Jazy is a great and populous City on the River Pruth subject to its own Prince under the protection of the Emperor The Poles took it in 1686. and soon after left it again It stands 60 Miles E. of Sockzow I. Tekin Tekin or Tigina is a great City the Capital of Bessarabia on the River Niester towards the Borders of Podolia It stands 100 Miles N. E. of Jazy Long. 51 d. 20 m. Lat. 47 d. 30 m. II. Bialogrod or Akierman Bialogrod is a strong City upon the Niester near the Pont Euxine and the Capital of the Principality of Budziack It stands 42 Miles S. W. of Oczakow and 270 N. of Constantinople Long. 54 d. 34 m. Lat. 47 d. 32 m. III. Oczakow Oczakow or Ocziakow Lat. Axiace is a strong Town seated at the Fall of the Borysthenes or Niester into the Euxine Sea It has a Castle which is Garrison'd by the Turks but the Citizens are Precopensian Tartars it was Built by Vitolaus Duke of Lithuania and at first peopled by his Subjects Near this City the Poles gave the Tartars a fatal overthrow in 1644. This Place gives Name to the Neighbouring Tartars who are so troublesom to Podolia Lithuania and Poland that the King of the latter pays them Tribute to prevent their Incursions It stands 44 Miles N. E. of Bialogrod and 290 N. of Constantinople Long. 55 d. 27 m. Lat. 47 d. 52 m. IV. Kilia Nova Kilia Nova is a strong Town of Bessarabia subject to the Turks upon the Danube 60 Miles S. W. of Bialogrod and 230 N. of Constantinople Long. 53 d. 28 m. Lat. 46 d. 44 m. Article V. Walachia WAlachia or Valaquia a Principality of Europe Bounds was formerly part of the ancient Kingdom of Hungary It lyes between Moldavia to the N. E. Transilvania to the N. W. Hungary to the West and Bulgaria to the South It is not very long since it was divided into great Valachia or Cisalpina Division the present Moldavia or little Valachia or Transalpina the which is now called Valachia It has Mines of Gold Quality Horses the most esteemed in Europe and a great number of Rivers The Turks call it Carabogdana that is the Land of black Corn. Riches This Province is divided into 13 Counties promiscuously Inhabited by Saxons Hungarians and Natives The Vaivode or Prince has 100000 Crowns by his Tythes of Honey and Wax a great Commodity in that Country and his Customs upon the Malmsie of Candia Government carried thro' his Lands into Germany bring him a great Sum too He is now Tributary to the Grand Signior to whom he generally pays 70000 Ducats but is sometimes obliged to pay 100000 to maintain himself in his Principality He can raise 10000 Horse and 1000 Foot The People here are inconstant and wild Strength Inhabitants their Tongue inclines somewhat to the Latin which makes some think they are descended from the Romans In the Ceremonies of their Religion which is that of the Greeks Religion they make use of the Lingua Franca used almost over all the Orient The places of Note in Walachia are Tarvis or Targovisco Cap. Brascovia Buchorist Margozest I. Tarvis or Targovisco This is a great and considerable City the Metropolis of Walachia and the ordinary Residence of the Vaivode It stands on the River Launiza 94 Miles S. E. of Hermanstat 140 S. W. of Jazy and 200 E. of Belgrade Long. 47 d. 38 m. Lat. 48 d. 54 m. II. Brascovia Brascovia or Bracslow or Brasgow is a City towards the North Parts of Walachia with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Colocza 47 Miles almost N. of Tarvis Article VI. Bulgaria BVlgary Lat. Bulgaria a Province of Europe belonging to the Turk Bounds had in times past the
Warriors and take much after the Germans Hungarians and Sclavonians for their Customs and Manners so that their Gentlemen are said to share with the first in their Drunkenness to imitate the second in their Pride and to be every whit as importunate as the last The Croates especially those called Vscokes are very swift and run up and down Mountains like Bucks with Shoes made of Cord on purpose Croatia is commonly divided into the Austrial and the Ottoman because the House of Austria and the Turks are Sovereigns thereof To the Emperor Segna Bish Sangrad To the Turks Wihitz or Pighiton Sissaken or Sisseg Velay Castanovitz I. Segna or Zeng Segna or Zeng is a strong City on the Bay anciently called Flanaticum now Quarnaro or Carnaro from the Mountain de Carnia and has over against it the Island of Veglia This is the Capital City of the Principality of Morlachia and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Spalatro It is strong both by Art and Nature having vast Woods and Mountains behind it to the Land-ward so that an Army can hardly get to it and the Port is not capable of a great Fleet. About the year 1539. It was in the possession of the Count de Frangipani and was claimed by Solyman the Grand Seignior as a part of Hungary which he had then conquered in great part This forced Ferdinand the Emperor to take it into his own hands after which he entertained the Vschochi a set of Robbers like our Buccaneers who had like to have kindled a War betwixt the Turks and the Venetians The Coast about this Bay is full of small Islands Rocks and Creeks so that it has ever been a Receptacle for Pyrates Those Pyrates in time became 500 or 600 Men and did great damage to the Turks and to the Christian Merchants The Turks provok'd by the Injuries of these Buccaneers in the year 1592. began a War against the Austrian Dominions which lasted till the year 1602. In the year 1613. Fadre Paolo in his continuation of the History of the Vschochi tells us that this City consisted of three sorts of Men the Stipendarii or Listed Men which were 200 under four Captains the Casalini or Citizens which were then about 100 Families And the Venturini who were Fugitives from Turkey Dalmatia and Apulia their whole number not above 2000. Yet this handful of Men plagued the State of Venice from 1537 to 1616. The War I last mentioned lost the Empire of Germany Agria in 1596. and Canisa in 1602. In the year 1615. the Arch-Duke of Austria declared a War against the Venetians on the score of these Pyrates which drew the Dutch to assist them and this forced the Arch-Duke the next year to suppress this Nest of Pyrates so that they were never heard of since Segna stands 46 Miles nigh S. of Carolstad as many N. W. of Zara and 52 W. of Wihitz Long. 36 d. 39 m. Lat. 45 d. 1â— m. II. Wihitz Wihitz or Pighiton is a very strong City seated on a small Lake by the River Vnna reckoned the Capital of Croatia It stands 44 Miles S. E. of Carolstat 52 almost N. of Zara and 84 nigh W. of Posega Long. 37 d. 44 m. Lat. 45 d. 18 m. III. Castanovitz Castanovitz is a good Castle on the River Vnna near the Borders of Bosnia 34 Miles W. of Gradisca It belonged to the Turks but was taken by Prince Lewis of Baden and submitted to the Emperor of Germany in 1688. Article XII Dalmatia DAlmatia is a Province lying on the Gulf of Venice Bounds part of the ancient Illyria It was anciently very large but is now more contracted It has Istria on the West Croatia and part of Bosnia on the North Servia and Albania on the East and the Gulph of Venice on the South Their Language is Sclavonick Language Religion Manners and their Religion for the most part Popery The People are Martial but ridiculous in their Divertisements History The Pope at a Council held by two of his Legates at Salone erected this Province into a Kingdom and invested Demetrius their Duke with Sword Scepter and Crown Anno 1076. Dioclesian the Persecuting Emperor was a Native of this Country whether he retired after his Abdication It was added to Hungary in 1310. together with some adjacent Provinces Dalmatia is divided into three parts as followeth The first belongs to the Venetians and comprehends Zara. Archbp. Cap. Nona Bish Zemonico Sebenico Bish Traw Bish Spalatro Archbp. Salone Clissa The second belongs to the Turks and compreprehends these opposite Places but the Venetians have of late conquered most of them Scardona Bish Narenca or Narenza Bish Trebigna Bish Castel-Nuovo Cattaro Bish Budoa Bish Antivari Archbp. Dulcigno Bish Scutari The third is the Republick of Ragusi in which are Ragusi or Dobronika Archbp. Stagno I. Zara. Zara Lat. Jadera is a very considerable Town and Port Capital of Dalmatia and an Archbishop's See It is environed by the Sea being joined to land only by a Draw-Bridg Besides this it is defended with six strong Bastions Ladislaus King of Naples who also took the quality of King of Hungary sold it with the depending Islands to the Venetians in 1409. to whom it belong'd before for they being assisted by Baldwin Count of Flanders and other Princes that were going to the Conquest of the Holy-Land after Saladin's Death made themselves Masters of it in 1200. This City stands 116 Miles N. E. of Ancona 184 almost S. E. of Venice and 165 N. W. of Ragusa Long. 37 d. 20 m. Lat. 44 d. 34 m. II. Nona Nona Lat. Aenona is a well-fortified Town and Port of Dalmatia with a Bishoprick under the Archbishoprick of Zara It stands 35 Miles N. of Zara. III. Zemonico Zemonico was a strong hold of Dalmatia about seven Miles from Zara. The Venetians yielded it to the Turks in 1573. but in 1647. The Proveditor Foscoli observing how the Turks of that Garrison did annoy the Country all about resolved to beat them out of it which he did and then demolished the Fort. In 1682. The Turks designed to establish themselves there but were cut off by the Morlaques IV. Sebenico Sebenico Lat. Sebenicum Sicum is a small but strong City upon the Adriatick Sea with a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Spalatro It has been under the Venetians since the year 1412. before which time it was a Sea-Port Town of Croatia It has a Castle and Fort built upon a Rock which has four times baffled the Ottoman Forces and is situate at the Mouth of the River Kerka 30 Miles N. W. of Spalatro and 44 S. E. of Zara Long. 38 d. 18 m. Lat. 44 d. 16 m. V. Traw Traw is a very strong and populous City a Sea-Port and a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Spalatro It stands in a small Island of the same name but joined to the Continent by a Bridge it is subject to the Republick of Venice since 1420. and lies
that the time was once when there were found to be above three hundred Authors who had made the Description of one Battel Wisdom The Greeks were also the People who first of all submitted to Laws Laws and who found out the way to govern themselves and rule others Their most famous Law-givers were Cecrops Draco and Solon in Athens Lycurgus in in Lacedaemon or Sparta Zeleucus among the Locri and Minos in Creta or Candy Their Laws were so famed throughout all the World that about the year of Rome 303. and of the World 3533. the Decemvirs of Rome sent three of their Colleagues Spurius Posthumus Aulus Manlius and Publius Sulpitius to copy them out from which they framed the Laws of the XII Tables so much celebrated in Roman Antiquity As Greece was the School of all other Nations so was Athens the School of all Greece and the Athenians distinguished themselves from the rest by the Curiosity of their Genius and the Elegancy of their style Nevertheless if they surpassed the rest in Politeness and Delicacy of Wit yet they were great admirers of Tales and Fictions Almost all their Authors were addicted to Superstition and their Poets were the Fathers of their false Deities and the Inventors of the Pagan Theology Religion Nor were the Greek Historians any more addicted to Truth than their Poets Histories Their ancient Histories especially those of Herodotus and Diodorus Siculus are full of Fables and Romances and their Modern Historians had recourse to Visions and extraordinary Adventures to satisfy their Genius's which is the reason we have nothing of exact or certain knowledge of what passed toward the latter end of the Constantinopolitan Empire At present the Greeks are so far degenerated from what they anciently were Modern Inhabitants so cowed by the Turks both Priests and People so miserably Ignorant and so frequently abjure the Christian Religion to embrace Mahumetism for the more quiet enjoyment of the conveniencies of this Life that were it not for those Christian Festivals and Fasts which are in such veneration among them the Christian Religion would e're this in all probability have been eradicated out of the Country Religion But by means of those solemnities wherein their Holy Performances continue five Hours together and sometimes seven they still preserve a Face of the Christian Religion under a Patriach Bishops and Priests of which the Learned Dr. Smith of Magdalen College in Oxford has given us an exact * De Graecae Ecclesiae hodierno statu Epistola Printed in 1678. account The Greek Priests and Prelates wear their Hair long like the Layety of Europe Their Pontifical and Priestly Habits are different also from those of the Roman Church The Patriarch wears a Dalmatic or long Gown with Sleeves all Embroidered and upon his Head a Royal Crown instead of a Mitre The Bishops wear a certain Cap down to their Ears like the Hollow of a Hat without Brims Nor do they bear crosses in their hands but only a little crutch of Ebony tipped with Ivory or Mother of Pearl In the Sacrament they make use of leaven'd Bread and administer the Sacrament in both kinds They admit of no Images in Base Relief or emboss'd work but only Paintings or Sculptures in Copper and Silver nor do they make use of Musick in their Churches Their Monks or Caloyers which are generally of the Orders either of St. Basil or St. Chrysostom lead very austere lives especially those of Mount Athos Greece comprehended formerly several Kingdoms as that of Epirus Government Thessaly Macedon c. there were also many Republicks of which Athens and Lacedaemon were the most renowned She fought a long time in defence of her Liberty but was at length subjected to the Romans afterwards she buckled to the Emperors of Constantinople and now groans under the Yoak of the Turks under whose Government all her Cities lie utterly ruined 'T is true Morea and some Places in the other Provinces seem to breath again under the Protection of the Venetians who have of late wrested them from those Infidels CHAP. I. Albania ALbania is a large Province or Kingdom formerly a part of Epirus Bounds bounded on the North by Dalmatia and Servia on the East by Macedonia on the South by Epirus and on the West by the Adriatick Sea This Country was a Celebrated part of Ancient Greece History it has been subject to the Turks for these 200 Years last past that is ever since Mahomet II. won it from the Successors of the Renowned George Castriote alias Scanderbeg he that beat the Turks in 22 different Battels but at present the Inhabitants who are about 70000 Souls for the most part Christians or Renegado's seem much disposed to shake off the Turkish Yoke and to put themselves der the protection of the Venetians This Province was ever famous for the Courage Swiftness and Dexterity of its Cavalry to whom the Turks have been beholden for many a Victory The most Remarkable Cities and Towns of Albania are Scutari Bish Cap. Antivari Archb. Dulcigno Bish Ducagini Bish Alessio Croya Bish Durazzo Archb. Elbassan Ocrida Archb. Albanopoli Pollina Arch. Vallona I. Scutari Scutari Lat. Scodra was formerly a City of Dalmatia and the Seat of the Kings of Illyricum It is now the Capital of Albania and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Antivari and stands upon the River Bocano 24 Miles from the Adriatick Sea The Inhabitants call it Scadar the Turks Iscodar and the Italians Scutari It was twice Besieged by Mahomet II. without success and in 1487. resigned by the Venetians for a Peace This City lyes by a Lake 80 Miles S. E. of Ragusa 178 S. of Belgrade and 210 W. of Thessalonica or Salonichi Long. 42 d. 20 m. Lat. 42 d. 26 m. II. Antivari Antivari Lat. Doclea was also formerly a Town of Dalmatia but is accounted in Albania since the Turks are Masters of it Pope Alexander II. of a Bishop's See erected it into an Archbishoprick in 1062. and gave it Ten Suffragans It stands on a rising Ground upon the Adriatick Sea 18 Miles N. W. of Dolcigno and 60 S. E. of Ragusi Long. 41 d 32 m. Lat. 42 d. 13 m. III. Dolcigno Dolcigno or Dulcigno is an Episcopal City under the Archbishop of Antivari seated near the Adriatick Sea 18 Miles S. E. of Antivari and 27 S. W. of Scutari IV. Ducagini Ducagini or Dagno is the Head of a Territory of the same Name with a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Antivari It stands on the River Drin or Drino 24 Miles E. of Scuturi V. Alessio Alessio or Alesso or Alesco Lat. Lissas is seated upon the River Drin 8 Miles from its Mouth and 12 S. of Ducagini It is famous for the Tomb of the Renowned Scanderbeg who died there in 1467. and for whose Memory the Turks have so great a Veneration that happy are they who can approach his Monument and carry
away some of the Earth or a piece of the Sepulchre which they tye to their Elbows as a precious Relick that raises their Courage in Battel VI. Croya Croya or Croie or Crua is a strong and considerable City on the River Lizane reckoned by some the Capital of Albania Volteran says that it was called Troy however it has been a long time the Residence of the Brave George Castriot called Scanderbeg Prince of Albania But after his Death Mahomet II. took it in 1477. It was formerly an Episcopal City under the Archbishop of Durazzo and stands 52 Miles almost S. of Scutari VII Durazzo Durazzo or Drazzi is a strong and celebrated Town and Sea-Port at the Mouth of the River Argentaro Built by those of Corfu in the 130th Year of Rome It s Ancient Name of Epidamus was changed by the Romans into that of Dirrachium which was the Name of the Harbour In the Year of Rome 315. this City being Besieged by a Company of Out-Laws and Banditto's the Inhabitants implored the Assistance of the Corinthians which were defeated by those of Corfu The Athenians Espoused the Party of the latter and a small Quarrel was the Rise of the War called Corinthiacum and as it were the Leaven of the Great Peloponnesian War so famous in the Greek History Durazzo was formerly an Archbishop's See under the Patriarch of Constantinople Bajazet took it from the Venetians in the XVth Century It has a good Haven but the insalubrity of its Air makes it to be but thinly Inhabited It stands 58 Miles S. of Scutari and 18 S. W. of Croia 42 d. 26 m. Lat. 41 d. 28 m. VIII Pollina Pollina the Ancient Apollonia is but a small City with the Title of an Archbishoprick 46 Miles almost S. E. of Durazzo IX Vallona Vallona is a pretty strong Town seated on the Sea 54 Miles S. of Durazzo The Venetians took it in 1690. and found in it 130 Pieces of Cannon X. Elbassan Elbassan is a small Town on the River Arzenga 44 Miles S. E. of Croia and 42 of Durazzo XI Ochrida Ochrida or Lochria is a great and populous City on the Borders of Macedon seated on a high Hill by the Lake Peltoum with an Archbishoprick It stands 80 Miles almost S. E. of Durazzo and 135 W. of Salonichi Long. 44 d. 8 m. Lat. 41 d. 4 m. X.I. Albanopoli Albanopoli is a small Town yet formerly accounted by some the Capital of Albania It stands 60 Miles E. of Durazzo Article II. Epirus BY Epirus is meant now that part of Greece which some call Lower-Albany bounded on the North by Albany on the East by Macedon and Thessaly on the South by Livadia or Achaia and on the West by the Jonian Sea Epirus comprehended formerly both the Higher or Proper Albany and the Lower or the Modern Epirus The most famous People of this Country were the Molossi the Dryopes Chaonians Dolopes c. It fell under the Power of the Turk in the XIVth Century all but the Island of Corfu which remained in the Hands of the Venetians but the latter have reconquered some Places in this late Wars The Principal Cities in Epâ—rus are Preveza Panormo Larta â—astia or Bastick Chimera I. Preveza Preveza is a Fortress standing at the Mouth of the Gulf of Larta upon the Ruins of the Ancient Nicopolis Built by the Emperor Augustus to preserve the Memory of the famous Battel of Actium won by him from Mark Anthony Marco Grimani Patriarch of Aquileia General of the Popes Gallies accompanied with Andrew Doria General of the League in 1539. endeavoured to surprize this Place which was in the Possession of the Turks but they were constrained to retire But Captain General Morosini made himself Master of in 1684. This Place stands 90 Miles N. W. of Lepanto and 150 S. W. of Larissa Long. 44 d. Lat. 38 d. 24 m. II. Panormo Panormo is but a small Town upon the Sea which has nothing considerable besides the Haven III. Larta Larta is another small City on a Bay of the same Name 24 Miles N. E. of Preveza It is still subject to the Turks IV. Bastia or Bastick Bastia is another small Sea-port Town nigh the Isle of Corfu V. Chimera Chimera is a very strong City built upon a Rock by the Sea-side 30 Miles N. of the Isle of Corfu It is the Head of a Territory of the same Name and is partly free and partly subject to the Turks CHAP. III. Macedon MAcedon Lat. Macedonia is a vast Province of Greece Bounds bounded on the East by the Archipel or White Sea on the North by Bulgary on the W. by Albania and on the S. by Thessaly It was formerly a Kingdom under which was Thessaly Epirus and even Thracia History According to Titus Livius it went by the Name of Paeonia Mygdonia and Emonia Solinus gives it the Name of Edonia Precia and Emathia This Kingdom is said to have contained 50 several sorts of People in former Times Caranus descended from Hercules founded this Monarchy about Anno Mundi 3240. which endured about 500 Years became very samous under Philip and Alexander the Great his Son and continued till the Reign of Perseus whom the Romans Conquered An. Rom. 586. and reduced the Kingdom into a Province 256 Years after the Death of Alexander the Great and after the Succession of 41 Kings There are in this Province Mines of Gold and Silver The famous Mount Athos now called Monte Santo that shoots into the Sea is also to be seen there Macedon is divided into three Parts viz. Macedonia Proper Jamboli and Comenolitari The most remarkable Places there are Saloniki Cap. Arch. Zuchria or Jeniza Emboli or Amphipolis Siderocapsa Xilopolis Contessa Lita or Lissa I. Saloniki Saloniki or Salonichi formerly Thessalonica is the Capital City of Macedonia with an Archbishoprick and a fair Haven It stands at the foot of an Hill upon a small River and at the bottom of a Gulf or Bay bearing its own Name On the West side of it is the great River Vardar which is almost half a League over and whose Banks are planted with very tall and thick standing Trees The Walls are Built after the old Fashion with Turrets or Towers at certain Intervals and are about four Leagues in Circuit It is strengthned with three Forts the least of which is the furthest from the Walls of the City and stands at the Landing place mounted with twenty Pieces of Cannon the other two are larger and are joined to the City Wall the Sea beating upon them each of them planted with 40 Pieces of Cannon To Landwards it has a Fortress like that of Constantinople and bears the same Name viz. the Seven Towers which commands all the City as standing upon an high Hill at the bottom whereof there is a great Suburb which also has its particular enclosure The City is well peopled by reason of the Trade of Silk Wooll all sorts of Leather Cotton Grain Powder and Iron
The principal Trade of the City is in the Jews Hands who are exempt from Tribute in consideration whereof they are to furnish the Janisaries of the City with Cloth for their Cloathing William King of Sicily Conquered this City in 1180. but afterwards the Emperor of Constantinople reduced it to his Obedience again Andronicus Palaeologus gave it to the Venetians in 1313. but two Years after the Turks drove them thence and have been Masters of it ever since The Greek Christians have 30 Churches in this City the Chiefest whereof is the Archbishop's See Dedicated to St. Demetrius This Church has three Bodies supported by very fair Pillars and was formerly honoured with the Preaching of St. Paul There are also five Convents of the Order of St. Basilicus in every one of which are about an Hundred young Women who may if they please quit the Habit and Marry The most Magnificent Turkish Mosques are those Buildings that formerly were the Churches of St. Sophia the Blessed Virgin St. Gabriel and St. Demetrius Mahomet IV. who was Dethroned in 1687. changed the Church of the Blessed Virgin into a Mosque on each side of this Building are twelve great Pillars of Jasper-stone whose Chapiters or Tops support so many Crosses which the Turks have not defaced The Jews also have 36 Synagogues in this City the most considerable of which are that of Castille of Portugal and of Italy They have also two Colleges which contain above Ten Thousand Scholars who come to study there from all parts of the Ottoman Empire Of all the stately Pieces of Architecture that were of old in this City there remains nothing very remarkable at present save only a Triumphal Arch of Brick-work supported by two Marble Pillars full of Trophies and abundance of other Figures but so much shattered and defaced by Time that it cannot well be guest what it was erected for The City is Governed by a Mousselin Justice is Administred by a Molla and a Mufti Orders all Matters relating to Religion This City stands 108 Miles S. of Sophia 300 S. E. of Belgrade and 330 W. of Constantinople Long. 47 d. Lat. 41 d. 37 m. II. Zuchria Zuchria or Jeniza is a small City Built by the Turks out of the Ruins of Pella formerly the Capital of Macedonia and the Birth-place of Alexander the Great upon the Bay of Salonichi between the Rivers Bevola and Castora 27 Miles S. W. of Salonichi I. Amphipolis or Emboli Amphipolis is a City of Macedonia on the Borders of Thracia with an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Constantinople The Greeks call'd it Christopoli since and its Modern Name is Emboli It is situated on the River Strymon which washes it on every side 60 Miles almost E. of Salonichi This City is very famous in the Ancient History of Greece IV. Siderocapsa Siderocapsa is a small Town only remarkable for the Gold Mines that are about it Philip the Father of Alexander the Great caused a Gold Coin to be Coin'd called Golden-Philips after that Crenidas had discovered the Gold Mines there and wrought them which Mines afforded King Philip a 1000 Talents of Gold a Year and do still yield the Grand Seignior 9 or 10000 Ducats a Month. There are no less than five or six Hundred Furnaces for the melting of Gold in the Mountains near this City CHAP. IV. Janna or Thessaly Lat. Thessalia THessaly is bounded on the East by the Archipel on the North by Macedon Bounds on the West by Epirus and on the South by Achaia This Country has had different Names derived from divers Princes who have lived therein Name and was divided into five parts viz. Thessaly Proper the Country of the Pelasgi Estiosia Magnesia and Phtiotide It s Modern Name is Janna from a Town of this Name The Air is here very good the Soil fruitful producing delicious Figs Water Melons Quality Pomegranates Oranges Lemons Citrons excellent Grapes Almonds Olives and all sorts of Corn. The Ancient Inhabitants were well-bred civil but somewhat too voluptuous Inhabitants yet they did not want Courage They were also noted for Magick and Drunkenness were the first that Minted Gold and Silver tam'd Horses and put Ships to Sea They are still Warlike and are a handsom Race of People having black Hair black Eyes and their Faces of a Beautiful Sanguine Fresh Colour and are for the most part Christians This Country is encompass'd with four great Mountains viz. Olympus Pindus Ossa and Aeta Mountains famous in the Greek and Latin Poets It had for along time its particular Kings until it was subjected to the Macedonians History and afterwards to the Romans Deucalion was one of the most Ancient and Celebrated Kings He Reigned in the same Age with Cecrops first King of Athens 349 Years before the Ruin of Troy Hellen his Son gave Name to a great part of Greece Dorus his second Son left his Name to the Dortans near Mount Parnassus Xuthus the third was Father of Achaeus Founder of the Peleponnesian Achaeans Ion his second Son was the Chief of the Inhabitants of Attica This Country is very famous for the remarkable Defeat of Pompey by Julius Caesar in the Plains of Pharsalus Sultan Amurath Conquered the greatest part of it and his Posterity still enjoys it The most remarkable Places in Thessaly are Larissa Archb. Cap. Armiro Volo Pharsalus or Farsa Archb. Scotusa Bish Voidenor Demetriada I. Larissa Larissa is the Principal City of Thessalia the Country of Achilles upon the River Peneus 25 Miles from the Bay of Salonichi to the West It is an Archbishop's See and one of the most flourishing Cities of Greece by reason the late Grand Seignior being disgusted with Constantinople almost 20 Years together kept his Court here It is pleasantly seated on a Rising Ground in the upper part whereof stands the Grand Seignior's Palace upon the North the famous Mountain of Olympus and on the South a Plain Inhabited by Christians Turks and Jews There is a handsom Stone-bridge over the River consisting of Nine Arches This City stands 90 Miles S. of Salonichi 160 N. W. of Setines or Athens and 380 S. W. of Constantinople Long. 46 d. 55 m. Lat. 39 d. 45 m. II. Armiro Armiro Lat. Eretria is a City and Sea-port mentioned by Thucydides Strabo Livy and several other Ancient Writers it lyes upon the Sinus Pelasgicus which from it now is called the Gulf of Armiro about 17 Miles from Larissa to the South Out of this Gulf the Argonauts loosed when they went to Colchis for the Golden-Fleece and in it the Navy of Xerxes was sorely shattered by a Tempest which then saved Greece In the same Bay lyes Pagase in which the Ship Argo was Built III. Volo Volo is a Fortress that gives its Name to a Gulf of Thessaly to the North of Negrepont The Ancients called this Town Pagasa and the Gulf Pagasicus Sinus or Pelasgicus Sinus and Gulf of Armiro The Fortress has a good and
spacious Port and was defended with good Towers after the Ancient way of Fortification It was here the Turks kept the Magazines which they gathered in the Neighbouring fruitful Provinces General Morosini resolv'd in 1683. to pass to Volo to possess himself of the Provisions the Turks had laid up there he Battered the Place and then Mounted the Assault The Bassa that Commanded in the Place retired to a Corner of the Town that was pretty well retrenched but at last quitted that Post and Surrendred to the Venetian General He found above Four Millions of Pounds weight of Bisket with other Provisions and 27 Pieces of Cannon which when he had Shipped he set Fire to the Magazines Houses and Mosques and before he parted beat down all the Walls to the Ground II. Pharsalus Pharsalus or Pharsalia is very famous in the Roman History for the Battel won by Julius Caesar against Pompey the Great in the Neighbouring Plains It has since been called Farsa being a Bishop's See under Larissa and afterwards an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Constantinople V. Scotusa Scotusa is a small City with a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Larissa from which it stands about 18 Miles to the West VI. Voidenor Voidenor is another small Town seated upon the River Atrax 54 Miles W. of Larissa VII Demetriada Demetriada is a very Ancient tho' inconsiderable City upon the Gulf of Armiro or of Volo CHAP. V. Achaia or Livadia A Chaia formerly called Hellas and Graecia now Livadia Name Bounds and Rumelia is bounded on the North by Thessaly on the East by the Aegean Sea on the South by the Gulf of Engia the Isthmus of Corinth and the Gulf of Lepanto and on the West by the Jonian Sea and part of Epirus It had formerly Seven Provinces viz. Aetolia Baeotia Attica Locris Doris Phocis and Megaris Pliny says That the Wine of this Country made Women Miscarry History and Pausanias says That such as washed in one of its Rivers Slemnos forgot their Amours The Apostle St. Andrew is thought by many to have suffered in this Country Parnassus and Helicon two Mountains so famous among the Poets Mountains are in this Country Achaia is sometimes taken for a small part of the Peloponnesus or Morea now called Romania Alta. and Ducatus Clarentiae and sometimes for the whole Peleponnesus The Principal Places in Achaia or Livadia are Setines or Athens Archb. Cap. Stives or Thebes Archb. Aulis Marathon Livadia Megara Delphos Lepanto Archb. The Dardanells of Lepanto I. Setines or Athens Setines anciently called Athens was one of the most famous and flourishing Cities in the World the Capital of Attica formerly a Kingdom and the chief seat of Learning and Valour taking its rise An. Mun. 2496. and continuing 487 years under 17 Kings the first whereof was Cecrops and the last Codrus Son of Melanthus After that they were govern'd by 10 Archontes or Rulers during life than by Archontes for 10 years and at last by annual Praetors Draco first gave 'em Laws which were too severe then Solon instituted Milder introducing Democratical Government 594 years before our Saviour Athens sustained many great Wars against the Persians Lacedaemonians Thebans Rhodians and Macedonians It suffered much under Alexander the Great and after his Death yet more under Antipater Craterus and Cassander Demetrius made it free again but being refus'd shelter there after his defeat in Phrygia he invested and made himself Master of the Town after a years Siege Sometime after it shook off the Macedonian yoke and put it self under the Protection of Rome until Ariston making himself Tyrant thereof irritated the Romans who took and plunder'd it under Sylla 87 years before Christ After this Pompey the Great permitted it the use of its Laws for which kindness it declared for him against Caesar who after the Battel of Pharsale when he had power to punish his Enemies said Truly the Athenians deserve to be chastis'd yet in consideration of the merit of the Dead I pardon the Living All was Magnificent in Athens and worth the admiration of Posterity The Areopage the Lycaeum the Academy Portique Temple and other fine Buildings are well described in the Works of ancient Authors St. Paul Preached here and several Persons of Note embraced Christianism as Dionysius the Areopagite and a Noble Lady called Damaris After that the Church of Athens became very considerable for in the II. Century a great number of the Athenians suffered Martyrdom animated by the Example of their Bishop Publius This happen'd in 123. under Adrian who came to Athens in 126. This City was afterwards erected into an Archbishoprick It is defended by a Cittadel called Acropolis inaccessible on every side save the West seated in the Middle between two Hills the one call'd Musaeum within Cannon Shot the other Anchesmus which has no place to Mount Great Guns on being Spired like a Sugar-Loaf and having no more compass on the top save that in which St. George's Chappel is built the place where formerly the Statue of Jupiter was Worshiped The City is North of the Cittadel and so covered by it that it can hardly be seen on that side next the Sea well situated and wealthy tho' in a hot Climate which is tempered by the North Winds The Inhabitants are about 10000 Greeks and Turks the latter have four Mosques in the City and one in the Castle The Citizens are reckoned Treacherous and Cunning whence comes the Proverb From a Jew of Salonica a Greek of Athens and a Turk of Negropont Good Lord Deliver us They speak Greek and Turkish promiscuously and differ only in Habit which the Greeks wear closer on their Bodies Their Women seldom stir abroad when they do they cover their Heads with a Veil of Calico and throw over 'em a large Crimson Velvet or Violet colour'd Mantle with their Silver Clasps The Maids never go abroad till their Wedding-Day being courted by Proxies Upon their Nuptials they wear a large Crown of Filigram and Pearls and are led from Church to the Bridegrooms House with Hautboys Drums and other Musical Instruments playing before them The Archbishoprick of Athens is not worth above 4000 Crowns a year wherefore most of the Jesuits are retired to Negropont But the Consuls of France and England keep each of 'em a Chappel here The Soil about this City is fruitful in Wine and Olives especially those called Colymbades reserved for the Grand Signior's own eating being large and well-tasted The Castle stands on the North on a descent from the City in which is a magnificent large white Marble Temple supported with beautiful Pillars of black Marble and Porphyry On the Frontispiece are the Figures of Horse-men as big as the life prepared for Combat Round about it are to be seen the noble Atchievements of the ancient Greeks in Basso Relievo every Figure almost two Foot and a half high Close by this Temple is a beautiful White Marble Palace much decay'd At the Foot
King of Lacedemon others to Cecrops who also founded Athens and others assure us that it was founded by Spartus Son to Phoroneus King of Argos in Patriarch Jacob's time 1763. Years before our Saviour In Polybius's time it was of a round Figure five or six Miles about being Commanded by Mount Taigetus on the West This City now has but the Miserable Ruins of its former Greatness It is divided into four Quarters separated from each other The Castle makes one the Land another and two Suburbs called Melokorion or the middle Suburb and Exokorion or the outward Suburb The Exokorion is seperated from the other three by the River Vasoli Potamos but has Communication with them by a Stone-bridge The Castle called To Castron has very good Walls and is so advantagiously seated on a rising Ground that some Historians assure it was never taken by open force either by the Turks or Venetians Nevertheless General Morosini made himself Master of it in 1687. It stands 120 Miles almost S. of Setines 150 S. E. of Lepanto and 526 S. W. of Constantinople Long. 47 d. 32 m. Lat. 35 d. 26m III. Zarnata Zarnata is a Fortress which both Art and Nature have conspired to make strong being seated on a very pleasant rising Ground and defended with Towers and other Fortifications In 1685. the Garrison frighted at the approach of the Venetian Army Surrendred to General Morosini upon Articles It stands 25 Miles almost W. of Misitra IV. Chielefa Chielefa is a considerable Fortress seated on a steep Rock of a square Figure environ'd with good Walls flank'd with five huge Towers It is a Mile in circumference and stands about two Miles off the Sea and 17 N. of Cape Matapan near the place where Vitulo a famous trading City stood formerly which has given its Name to Port Vitulo now little frequented because it is neither safe nor commodious In 1685. Chielefa Surrendred to General Morosini The next Year after the Turks endeavouring to regain this Place were routed and put to flight by the Venetians V. Passava Passava is an inconsiderable Fortress in the Province of Maina near the Gulph of Colochine on the Cape Mapatan over-against Chielefa and Port Vitulo it is built upon a rising Ground but very irregular and of no strength In 1685. General Morosini took it without any opposition and caused it to be razed VI. Cape Matapan and Maina To the S. of Morea is Cape Matapan which runs further into the Sea than any other Cape of this Peninsula It was anciently called Promontorium Taenarium from the Cave Tenaro whose vast spacious Gap gave occasion to Poets to feign it the Mouth of Hell The Sea round this Cape is very deep and has there two good Ports the first is called the Port of Quails by reason of the prodigious number of Quails that fly thither the other is called the Port of Maina Betwixt these two Ports and upon the Ruins of the Ancient Cersapolis the Turks built formerly a Fortress which they called Turcotigi Oliminias add Monige which the Greeks Interpret Castro di Maini In 1570. the Venetians took this Fort and razed it Article IV. Saccania or Romania Minor THIS Province which comprehends the old Argia borders the Gulf of Lepanto Bounds the Isthmus of Corinth and the Gulf of Engia on the North. The Mare Egeo on the East Zaconia and the Gulf of Napoli di Romania on the South and Zaconia and Chiarenza on the West The Palus or Marsh of Lerna where Hercules is said to have kill'd the Hydra with Seven Heads is in this Province The only Cape here is Cape Schili Lat. Scylaeum or Plethon Cape or Scillium or Damala or Sygillo Promontorium The Cities of Note here are Napoli di Romania Archb. Cap. Argos Bish Corinth Archb. I. Napoli di Romania Of all those famous Cities which were formerly the Ornament of Argia called now Saccania or Romania Minor none but Napoli keeps to this day some remains of its former Beauty and Grandeur It is called by Ptolomy Nauplia by Sophianus Napli and Anaplia by the Greeks It is a strong and trading City Built by Nauplio Son to Neptunus in the farthest part of the Gulf commonly called of Napoli anciently Argolicus Simus upon a little Cape that divides itself into two different parts that towards the Sea forms a good safe and spacious Haven the other towards the Land renders the passage to the Town almost inaccessible there being no other but a narrow stony steep way to come to it between Mount Palamida and the Sea-shore Besides the advantages of the situation which render this City one of the strongest in Europe it is defended by a Cittadel Built on a Rock in the Sea a hundred Yards off the City which consequently cannot be Attack'd by Land Napoli was formerly a Bishoprick Suffragan ef Corinth but now it is an Archbishop's See and the ordinary Residence of the Governour of the Province which is Inhabited by 60000 Greeks besides a vast number of Strangers of several Nations It stands 78 Miles S. W. of Athens and 60 N. of Misitra Napoli as most Cities has undergone many Changes of Government in 1205. the French and Venetians together made themselves Masters of it In 1388. King Giovanissa took it by Storm put all the Garrison to the Sword and blew up the City Napoli came into the Hands of Mary Erigana or Anguien by corruption Widow of Peter Son to Frederick Cornaro Piscopia who being unable to keep it against so powerful an Enemy as Bajazet sold it to the Republick of Venice to which it was subject till 1539. when it was yielded to Mahomet II. to procure a Peace In 1686. General Morosini ordered General Coningsmark to possess himself of Mount Palamida which is within Musket-shot of the Town and commands it and whilst he battered it from this Place Morosini gave Battel to the Serasquier that came to relieve it defeated him and took Argos their Fleet at the same time taking Ternis Aug. the 29th the Serasquier advanced again with a 1000 Men and fell upon the Venetians in their Trenches where the Battel was dubious for three Hours but at last the Turks fled After the Battel the Siege was pusht on with vigour and the Turks Capitulated to Surrender on the usual Terms and were conducted to Tenedos II. Argos There have been three Cities called by this Name the first is Argos Amphilochium in Epirus the second Argos Pelasgicum in Macedon and lastly Argos Peloponnesiacum of which we are now to Treat It has been anciently called Phoronia Hippobote Jasia Diposia Jappia and lastly Argos It was formerly the Capital of the famous Province of Argia or Argolis and one of the most Celebrated Cities of Peloponnesus It is seated on the River Planissa Lat. Inachus Fluvius 7 Miles almost W. of Napoli di Romania It was first a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Corinth and then erected into a Metropolitan it self It has the Mount
1369. passing afterwards into the House of Austria by the Marriage of Mary Daughter and Heiress of Charle les hardy Duke of Burgundy to Maximilian Emperor of Germany Charles V. as we have already hinted when he took Francis I. Prisoner in the Battel of Pavia in Italy enfranchis'd it from that servitude But afterwards in King Philip II's time it was extreamly curtail'd and harrass'd which made many of the inhabitants retire into England and this did not only depopulate it but impoverish'd it considerably by carrying away a great part of its Trade The Hollanders revolting at the same time added to its Calamities by a War of 40 years continuance and the French have of late made great Devastations in it A Chronological Succession of the Earls of Flanders  Years of our Lord. Gov. 1. BAldwin I. Ironside 860 17 years 2. Baldwin II. the Bald. 878 40 years 3. Arnold I. the Great 918 45 years Baldwin III. the young   4. Arnold II. the young 963 26 years 5. Baldwin IV. 989 45 years 6. Baldwin V. of Lile 1034 33 years 7. Baldwin VI. of Mons. 1067 3 years 8. Arnold III. the Unfortunate 1070 1 year 9. Robert I. the Frieslander 1071 22 years 10. Robert II. of Jerusalem 1093 18 years 11. Baldwin VII Hapeule 1111 7 years 12. Charles the Good of Denmark 1118 9 years 13. William the Norman or the Cliton 1127 1 year 4 M. 14. Thierry of Alsatia 1128 40 years 15. Philip of Alsatia 1168 23 years 16. Baldwin VIII the Brave 1197 4 years 17. Baldwin IX Emperor of Constantinople 1195 11 years 18. Joan 1206 38 years 19. Margaret I. 1244 31 years William of Bourbon Dampiere   20. Gay Dampierre 1275 30 years 21. Robert III. of Bethune 1305 17 years Lewis   22. Lewis II. of Creci 1322 24 years 23. Lewis III. Malatin 1346 38 years 24. Margaret II. 1384 20 years Philip of France   25. John the Undaunted or Sans Peur 1404 15 years 26. Philip the Good 1419 48 years 27. Charles le Hardi 1467 10 years 28. Mary of Burgundy 1477 5 years Maximilian Emperor   29. Philip of Austria 1482 24 years 30. Charles V. Emperor 1505 49 years 31. Philip II. King of Spain 1555 43 years 32. Elizabeth-Clara-Eugenia 1598 38 years 33. Philip IV. King of Spain 1636 29 years 34. Charles II. King of Spain 1665  The Chief Rivers Rivers are 1. Scheld which here washes Tournay Oudenard Ghent and Antwerp and soon after falls into the Sea 2. Lys which here washes Armentiers and Courtray and falls into the Scheld at Ghent 3. Dender which washes Geersberg Nienove and Aelst and casts its Waters into the Scheld at Dendermond 4. Scharp which washes Doway and St. Amand and then discharges itself into the Scheld Flanders is commonly divided in three Division viz. 1. Flemish-Flanders or Flammingant where the Country Language is spoken it is extended from the North Sea to the River Lys. 2. French-Flanders or Gallican where French is most in use it lies on the South of Flammingant and on the North of Cambresis and borders the Scheld on the East and Lys on the West 3. Imperial-Flanders which lies between the Scheld and the Dender and comprehends the County of Alost and the four Offices which formerly belong'd to the Emperor Flanders is also divided into Teutonick Walloon Imperial and Dutch The first lies between the Sea and the Lys. The second between the Lys and the Scheld The third between the two others And the fourth on the North of them all But now adays it is usually divided into three parts according to its Masters viz. the Spaniards the French and the Dutch as you may see in the following Table 1. Spanish-Flanders in which the most remarkable places are Ghent Bish Cap. Bruges Bish Ostend Newport Oudenard Alost or Aelst Ninove 2. French-Flanders in which are Lille or Rissel Cap. Ypres Bish Tournay Bish Dunkirk Graveling Wynoxberg Courtray Doway Furnes Dixmude Cassel Orchies St. Amand. Armentiers 3. Dutch-Flanders in which are Sluys Sas van Ghent Ardenburg Description of the Chief Towns in Flanders Chief Towns belonging to the Spaniards I. Ghent GHent or Gaunt in Latin Gandae aut Gandavum aut Gandavium Gand. is one of the largest Cities in Europe being seven Miles in compass within the Walls They give out that it was founded by Julius Caesar in a very Commodious place for Trading viz. on the Confluent of four considerable Rivers the Scheld the Lys the Moer and the Leye which run through it and divide it into 26 Islands which are joined together with as many great Bridges and 72 little ones It is well Walled and Trenched about and the private Buildings for the most part fair and stately There are a great many Water and Wind-Mills Seven Churches and 55 Monasteries or Hospitals Several Market-places of which that of Fryday's has no equal in Europe The Castle which is the Princes Palace contains as many Rooms as there are Days in the Year there the Wooden Cradle of Charles V. is still to be seen The Cathedral is a most Magnificent Building and the Tower Bell-fort is above 400 steps high The Town-house is also worth taking notice of The Cittadel consists of four regular Bastions but it lies not so very convenient as many others in these parts This City is the seat of the Parliament or Provincial Court of Flanders yet one may appeal from it to that of Mechlin which judges without further appeal The Trade of this City consists chiefly in Cloths Stuffs and Silks of which there are so great quantity made that among the 50 Companies of Tradesmen those relating to Commodities of this Nature make one third It stands about twelve Miles from the Sea 27 miles South West of Antwerp 30 North West of Brussels 94 South of Amsterdam 154 North East of Paris and 160 East of London Long. 22 d. 58 m. Lat. 51. d. 6. m. Fifty thousand Inhabitants of this City under the Standard of Gaunt have formerly been formidable to the neighbouring States and their Princes themselves in the Reigns of Philip of Valois and Charles VI. Kings of France In 1539. they revolted from the Emperor Charles V. and would have put themselves under the protection of Francis I. King of France who not only refused their offer but gave the Emperor free passage thro' his Dominions into the Low-Countries The Emperor having reduced them to obedience put to Death 30 of the principal Burgesses and banish'd a great number took from them their Artillery Arms and Priviledges and built a Cittadel to curb them for the future This City was invested by the French King's orders the first of March 1678. On the fourth the King in Person came before it The besieged to no purpose cut their Dikes and drowned part of the Country for the King lodged his Forces and pressed so vigorously the Siege that on the 9th of the same month the Town and
Ninove or Nienove is a small inconsiderable Town in the Territory of Alost on the River Dender six miles of Alost 13 W. of Brussels and 17 S. E. of Ghent Long. 23 d. 14 m. Lat. 50. d. 56 m. Chief Towns in Flanders belonging to the French I. Lille or L'isle L'isle Lat. Insula seated on the River Deulle took its Name because in former Times it was wholly surrounded with Water and Marshes which now by the Industry of Men are drained It was Built by Baldwin IV. the Hairy Count of Flanders in 1007. And his Son Baldwin V. the Pious or of Lille who was Born here Walled it in 1066. and adorned it with a Magnificent Church and a fine Monastery It is now the Capital City of French-Flanders Lewis XIV took it from the Spaniards in 1667. and it was afterwards yielded to him by the Peace of Aix La Chapelle in 1668. since which he has Built a Cittadel to secure it flanked with Five great Bastions whose double Ditches are filled with the River Deulle All these new Fortifications enclose a Suburb which has greatly enlarged the City Neither does the Industry of the Inhabitants less contribute to its Greatness and Riches by the many Silk Manufactures made here so that it is raised to be the third City in the Low Countries next to Amsterdam and Antwerp and for the convenience of Transporting its Wares is accommodated with a Channel derived from the River Lys which runs not far from this City It stands 15 Miles W. of Tournay 36 S. of Ghent 37 S. E. of Dunkirk and 38 almost W. of Mons. Long. 22 d. 10 m. Lat. 50 d. 43 m. II. Ipres Ipres or Ypres Lat. Ipra Iprae Ipretum takes its Name from the Brook Yperle that runs through it It is supposed to have been Built by Baldwin III. Son of Count Arnulphus I. about 960. and that it was not Walled till 1288. by the Consent of Philip the Fair King of France It is now a very Rich City and has many fair Churches whereof that of St. Martin is the Cathedral The Bishoprick establish'd here by Paul IV. in 1559. is under the Archbishop of Mechlin This City is the third in Flanders and has Seven Chattelenys or Jurisdictions of which Cassel has 24 smaller Jurisdictions under it The Country about is extreamly fruitful and its Situation contributes much to its strength It is very well Built and besides the Churches it has many Sumptuous Buildings and Palaces That of the Lordship is great and stately as also the Draper's Hall The City is Famous for its Manufactures and has several Fairs whereof that in Lent is the principal This City was taken by the French 26 March 1678. and was yielded to them by the Treaty of Nimeguen It lyes 16 Miles almost N. of Lille 18 S. of Neuport 23 almost E. of Dunkirk and 35 S. W. of Ghent Long. 22 d. 3 m. Lat. 50 d. 57 m. III. Tournay Tournay Lat. Tornacum is upon the Scheld with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Cambray whose first Prelate was St. Prat in 623. It is very Ancient being mentioned in Antonin's Itinerary and in the 11th Epistle of St. Jerom. The Town is very strong and defended by a Castle said to have been Built by the English The French made themselves Masters of it in 1518. but Charles V. retook it from them in 1521. Lewis XIV took it upon the Spaniards in 1667. and kept it by the Peace of Aix La Chapelle and has rendered it much stronger than it was formerly by new Fortifications The Cathedral of our Lady is very fine besides which there are Ten Parish Churches Two Abbeys and several Religious Houses for the Place is Big Rich and of good Traffick having 72 different sorts of Trades in it It is the Capital of a little Country called Tournaisis and the Seat of a Soveraign Council or High Jurisdiction since 1669. It stands 15 Miles E. of Lille 32 almost W. of Mons and 30 nigh S. of Ghent Long. 22 d. 36 m. Lat. 50 d. 43 m. IV. Dunkirk Dunkirk Gall. Dunkerque Lat. Dunquerca is a Sea-port Town Built by the Earl Baldwin III. call'd the Young It derives its Name from the Flemish Word Kerk that is Church because the Church Steeple is the first thing seen by Seamen above the Downs It was taken in 1558 by the French who claim'd it as Francis de Bourbon Earl of Vendome's Inheritance but retaken in 1583 by the Duke of Parma The French took it again in 1646. under the Conduct of the Duke of Enghien and the Spaniards retook it in 1652. It was taken afterwards by the Mareschal of Turenne in 1658. and yielded to the English of whom Lewis XIV King of France bought it in 1662. for 900000 Pounds Sterling He has Built there a strong Citadel and other Fortifications There is a new Trench cut for a Mile together through the Splinter Sands which will upon the Head of the Tide receive 130 Vessels of 70 Guns apiece and on the West side of this Harbour is rais'd a vast pil'd and plank'd Work to intercept and lodge the Sands It is well Built and populous and particularly commended for the neatness and regularity of the Streets Its Inhabitants are Famous upon the Sea and have enrich'd themselves in these Wars by Piracy Here is an English Nunnery and Franciscans have a Cloyster for Persons of both Sexes At the Mouth of the Haven stands a Wooden Fort on which are planted 100 Pieces of Cannon This Town lyes 54 Miles W. of Ghent 16 S. W. of Newport 19 almost of Calais and 24 S. W. of Ostend Long. 21 d. 30 m. Lat. 51 d. 7 m. V. Graveling Graveling or Graveline Lat. Gravelinga and Gravelina is seated near the Sea upon the Mouth of the River Aa which parts France from Flanders The Normans ruin'd it but it was afterwards repair'd by Thierry of Alsatia Count of Flanders who died there in 1168. And in the Year 1528. there was a strong Castle added to it by Charles V. so that it is now one of the most regular and strongest Places of Europe It was taken by the French in 1658. and yielded to them by the Pyrenaean Treaty As for the Town it self tho' of great importance it is neither large nor well Built and is besides but thinly Inhabited It lyes 9 Miles E. of Calais 10 almost W. of Dunkirk and 63 W. of Ghent Long. 21 d. 18 m. Lat. 51 d. 4 m. VI. Wynoxberg Berg St Winoch or Winoxberg Lat. Berga S. Winoci or Winoci Montium and Vinoberga and in Times past Groemberga and Mons Viridis has the Title of a Viscounty and Castelanship and has many Villages under its Jurisdictions It 's situated in a most fertile Country It was taken by the French in 1658. and it remained to them by the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. They have Built there a Royal Fort. This Town stands on the River Colme 6 Miles almost S. of Dunkirk and 12 E. of Graveling
N. E. of Bruges and 14 S. W. of Middleburg Long. 22 d. 34 m. Lat. 51 d. 24 m. II. Sas-Van-Ghent Sas-Van-Ghent is a small place but so strong by reason of its situation and fortifications that it is accounted impregnable Yet the Hollanders took it in 1644. It stands 11 miles N. of Ghent Long. 23 d. Lat. 51 d. 20 m. III. Ardenburgh Ardenburgh is also a small place but very strong in Flanders subject to the Hollanders It stands 20 miles N. W. of Ghent Long. 22 d. 36 m. Lat. 51 d. 22 m. Article II. Of the Dukedom of Brabant Lat. Brabantia THIS Dutchy is in a manner an Island encompassed with Rivers having the Meuse on the East and the Nort the Demer on the South which runs through part of this Province and the Schelde on the West with the Ocean on the side of Breda and Bergin-Op-Zoom So that it borders part of the Country of Gelderland Bounds and the Bishoprick of Liege on the East The Country of Hainault and the Country of Namur on the South Flanders and part of Zealand on the West and Holland and another part of Gelderland on the North. Its Extent Extent South and North is about 70 miles and about 60 West and East Quality The Air is generally good and wholesom the Soil is very Fertile except some of the Northern parts which are somewhat sandy and barren The Cities are very fine whereof there are 26 Walled and Strong Towns not mentioning others of less importance and about 100 Villages Villages History The Brabanders are descended from a Colony of Saxons brought from beyond the Elbe by Charlemaign and planted in this Country in 806. Divers Authors say that Anchises or Anchisices Father to Pepin of Haristol was Lord of Brabant Charlemaign and his Children were Masters of this Country until such time as Otho Son to Prince Charles of France Duke of Lower Lorraine being dead in 1004. without being Married Brabant became the Portion of Gerbege second Daughter to the same Charles of France and his first Wife Bonne of Ardenne Married to Lambert II. Earl of Monts and Louvain the Founder of the Branch of the Duke of Brabant and Lothier at first they took only the Title of Earls but 1235 Henry I. took the Title of Duke of Brabant and Lorrain Philip III. called the Good recollected the succession of the Duke of Brabant which he left to Charles the Rash his Son Father to Mary of Burgundy who carried it into the House of Austria by her Marriage to Maximilian afterwards Emperor This Country has been fruitful in illustrious Men and Learned Writers The Rivers Rivers here besides the Meuse and the Scheld are Demer Dommel Senne Aa Dyle Gias Jeckes Nephte both great and small and Mert there is also a great number of small Lakes and Ponds Brabant comprehends the Marquisate of the Holy Empire whose Capital is Antwerp the Lordship of Mechlin the Dutchy of Arschot the Marquisate of Bergues the County of Hooghstraet the state of Maestricht formerly that of Liege and 19 Baronies Louvain was in time past Capital of this Province but now Brussels Brabant is divided into four parts 1. Dutch-rBrabant in which the most remarkable Places are Boisleduc Bish Cap. Breda Bergen-Op-Zoom Grave Ravestein Helmont Eyndenhove Maestricht Lillo 2. Spanish-Brabant properly so called which comprebends Brussels Cap. Louvain Leuwe Arschot Duke Nivelle Tillemont or Tienen Judoigne Gemblour Lire Diest Vilvoerde Herentals Hannuye 3. The Marquisate of the Holy Empire Antwerp Bish 4. The Lordship of Malines which has Malines or Mechlin Arch. To keep to my General division I shall give you here the Description of the Dutch and Spanish Brabant and reserve that of the Mâ—rquisate and Lordship of Malines for the two following Articles Chiefs Towns belonging to the Hollanders in Brabant I. Boisleduc BOisleduc Bolduc or Bosleduc Lat. Boscum-Ducis Sylva-Ducis Bolducum and in Dutch Hertogenbosch the Capital of the Dutch-Brabant with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Malines is situated upon the River Domel which there receives the Aade and afterward the Diese and discharges it self about two Leagues from thence into the Meuse at the place where it formeth the Isle of Bommel Boisleduc is built in a plain where there was a Hunting Forrest belonging to the Dukes of Brabant But Duke Henry going to oppose the incursions which those of Guelder-land made into his Country caused this Wood to be cut down in 1172. where the Foundations of this City were laid which Duke Jeffery finished in 1184. Pope Paul IV. erected it into a Bishoprick in 1559. and Francis Sonnius was its first Prelate The Bishops now are but Titular and make their residence at Goldorp since Boisleduc is fallen into the hands of the Hollanders This City is naturally strong as well by its situation as by its fortifications It is environ'd with Rivers and Meadows covered with Water so that the Avenues to the Town are upon artificial Causeys made turning and winding and commanded by one or other of the six Forts built at some distance without the Town Its Ditches are filled with the Waters of the said Rivers which enter into the City by divers Channels very commodious to the Inhabitants They are almost all Soldiers tho' they do not neglect Trade which occasioneth this saying That the Inhabitants of Boisleduc are Warlike Merchants The City is large fair well built and very populous The Cathedral Church of St. John is one of the most sumptuous of the Netherlands with a very fine Clock The Market-place is environed with fine Buildings where 10 of the greatest Streets do end The Hollanders became at last Masters of it in 1629. by the Valour and Conduct of Frederick Henry Prince of Orange This City stands 43 miles N. E. of Antwesp and 50 almost S. of Amsterdam Long. 24 d. 30 m. Lat. 51 d. 42 m. II. Breda Breda is seated on the River Mereck with the Title of Barony which comprehends now about Seventeen Villages but it had more formerly and Berg-Op-Zoom did then depend upon it Breda had anciently particular Lords of its own and was sometimes in Possession of the Dukes of Brabant but John III. Duke of Brabant sold it again in 1350. to John Polon Lord of Lieck who left an only Daughter Johanna Married in 1404. to Engelbert of Nassau Henry of Nassau begun the Castle of Breda where the Tomb of Renatus of Nassau is to be seen in the Collegiate Church of St. Peter founded about 1303. This City suffered very much during the War between the States and the Spaniards The Prince of Parma took it from the Vnited Provinces July 18. 1581. Maurice of Nassau became Master of it against in 1590. by a Boat loaden with Turf under which he hid 60 Souldiers who rendered themselves Masters of the Castle and he afterwards took the City by Capitulation They tell a very remarkable thing of one of these Soldiers that was hidden under the Turf viz.
French had perpetually the Disadvantage till at last having gained a Pass into his Majesties Camp they over-powered him by their Numbers and some of our Horse not acting their part the King perceiving things in disorder did Valiantly attempt to renew the Battel and seeing that it could not be perform'd commanded a Retreat which was obeyed in very good Order but the Body being in a Confusion sustained a considerable Loss especially at passing the River Geete His Majesty continued so long in the Field that he had much ado to repass that River but accomplisht it at length having behaved himself during the whole Action with admirable Courage and Conduct and Expos'd himself to a Thousand Dangers yet by a particular Providence he came off without any other hurt than a small Contusion on the side by a Musket Bullet and having a piece of his Scarf shot away The Elector of Bavaria perform'd also Wonders during the Fight But the Gallantry of most of the English and Scotch is scarce to be parallel'd The Loss of the French was computed to 18000 Men and that of the Confederates about 7000. The Chief of those who fell on our side was Count Solms Lieutenant-General and his Grace the Duke of Ormond was Wounded and Taken with many other Officers of Note but since redeem'd VIII Gemblours Gemblours Lat. Gemblacum is upon the River Orne with the fine Abbey of St. Benedict whose Abbot is Spiritual and Temporal Lord of the Town It is Famous for a Fight in 1578. and stands by the Borders of Namur 19 Miles S. of Namur and 20 S. E. of Brussels Long. 24 d. Lat. 50 d. 37 m. IX Lire Lire or Lier Lat. Lira is in the District of Antwerp between that City and Mechlin seated upon the River Nethe which falls Two Miles farther into the Ruypel It is naturally strong by its Situation and made much more so by Art and besides a very fine and pleasant Town Famous for its Manufactures and its Fairs for Cattel It stands Seven Miles N. of Mechlin 10 S. E. of Antwerp and 20 N. of Brussels Long. 23 d. 50 m. Lat. 51 d. 9 m. X. Diest Diest is a little Town upon the River Demer with the Title of Barony and the Head of a Territory Subject to our King as Prince of Orange It is considerable for its divers Manufactures of Woollen and Linnen Cloth and for its Two Collegiate Churches It stands 14 Miles almost E. of Louvain Long. 24 d. 24 m. Lat. 51 d. 3 m. There are some other small inconsiderable Towns in the Spanish Brabant such as Vilvoerde Herentals Hannuye c. Article III. Of the Marquisate of the Holy Empire THE Marquisate of the Holy Empire is a very small Province Bounds not being above Seven Miles W. and E. and Four S. and N. yet it is accounted one of the Four Quarters or Tetrarchies of Brabant bounded on the West by Flanders from which it is separated by the River Scheld and on all other sides by Brabant The Chief Rivers Rivers there are the Scheld which washes Antwerp and the Schynt which also runs by Antwerp and there falls into the Scheld This Marquisate belong'd formerly to the Emperor but now to the King of Spain The Chief and only Place of Note in the Province is Antwerp Antwerp Antwerp Lat. Antuerpia or Andoverpum and Antwerpen by the Natives is the Capital of the Marquisate of the Holy Empire with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Malines The derivation some give of its Name is Fabulous This City was formerly one of the Richest and most Beautiful of the whole World seated in a spacious Plain upon the Right side of the Scheld where the River divides the Dutchy of Brabant from the County of Flanders It was enlarged by John I. John III. and Charles V. It contains 212 Streets and 22 publick Piazza's The Houses are all neat and fashionable and many of them Magnificent In a word all the Structures both Sacred and Prophane admirable Our Lady's Church the Cathedral is a piece of of incomparable Workmanship it 's above 500 Foot long 240 broad and 340 high contains 66 Chappels embellish'd with Marble Pillars all different in shape and adorned with curious Pictures as well as the Body of the Church The Tower is one of the highest and fairest of Europe Built of white Stone where are 33 large Bells The Three Chief Doors are cas'd with Marble and gilt with Gold This fine Church was almost burnt to the Ground in the Year 1533. and after that pillag'd during the Civil Wars for Religion It was erected into a Cathedral by Paul IV. in the Year 1559. There are Four other Parish Churches viz. St. George St. James St. Andrew and St. Malburge besides 25 Colleges Nunneries and Religious Houses amongst which the Jesuits-Church is very Magnificent it 's paved with Marble on the two lower sides one above another which are supported by 56 Marble Columns The Four Roofs are hung with 38 large Pictures of Rubens in Gold Frames and the Wall pierced with 40 cross Windows lin'd with Marble The chief Altar is all of Marble Jasper Porphyre and Gold The Jesuits Treasure is valued Two Millions The Town-house consists of Four Apartments and the Easterlings House the Exchange and the Galleries that surround it deserve to be seen The Cittadel one of the strongest and most regular is of a Pentagon Figure It encloses two little Hills that give a Prospect all over the Countrey This Cittadel was built in 1567. by the Duke of Alva The City lyes 18 Leagues from the Sea between Malines Louvain Brussels and Bruges The Harbour is very lovely and most convenient there being no less than Eight Channels for Ships to come up by to the City in the chiefest of which 100 may ride together There are 74 Bridges upon these Canals all which Conveniences brought a great Trade to the Town but the Neighbourhood of Amsterdam has deprived it of the greatest part This City suffered much in the Revolt of the Low Countries from the Spaniards who plundered it Three days together burnt above 600 Houses and Kill'd and Drowned 10000 of the Inhabitants The Confederates repair'd it but it was after that retaken by the Prince of Parma after a Years Siege memorable for the many Machines and Devices us'd in it Antwerp stands 24 Miles N. of Brussels Long. 23 d. 36 m. Lat. 51 d. 16 m. Article IV. Of the Lordship of Malines MAlines or Mechlin is another very small Province Bounds bounded on every side with Brabant and is nigh the middle of it and not far off the Borders of Flanders It s extent is about Eight Miles West and East Extent and Five South and North. It is a distinct Province from the rest and the Residence of the Parliament or great Council for these Countries but has not those Priviledges that Brabant has And for that reason most Women here when they are ready to Lie-In go into Brabant
to be brought to Bed that their Children may enjoy their Priviledges In the compass of the Province lyes but one City City or Walled Town and Nine Villages Villages The chief Rivers are Rivers 1. The Dele which runs through the middle and washes Mechlin and then into Brabant and falls into the Scheld 2. Senne which here falls into the Dele Malines Malines or Mechlin Lat. Mechlinia and by those of the Country Mackelen or Meckelen upon the Dele is the Capital of the Lordship of that Name It s Bigness and Magnificence cause it to be called Malines the Beautiful as Antwerp the Rich Brussels the Noble Louvain the Wise Ghent the Great and Bruges the Ancient The situation is very pleasant and because of the Tide the Trade is very good There is an Archbishoprick's See founded by Paul IV. in 1559. with the Title of Primate of the Low-Countries Cardinal Granville was the first Archbishop The Cathedral Church is Consecrated to St. Rombaut Malines is the place of the great Royal Council instituted by Charles Duke of Burgundy in 1473. There is also the Parliament of the Knights of the Fleece and the Prince's Arsenal Speaking of this Arsenal I cannot but mention that the Thunder having set on Fire several Barrels of Powder in 1546. it broke out with such fury that it overturned a Tower and above 300 Houses dryed up the Ditch about the Town and caused extraordinary Damage In the Suburb is St. Alexis's Nunnery where there are 15 or 1600 Nuns who are allowed to walk abroad to pay and receive Visits and to Marry when they please The Lordship of Malines had its own Lords until 1336. that it became a free Town After that time it belonged to the House of Burgundy till it entred into that of Austria in 1477. Its Inhabitants are free from all Taxes for the good Service perform'd to Charles the Bold Earl of Flanders at the Siege of Nuis upon the Rhine Here have been Two Provincial Councils the first in 1570. and the second in 1607. The chief Trade of this place consists in Tanning making of Linnen Cloth Point and Lace which bear the Name of the City and casting great Artillery and Guns It stands 11 Miles N. W. of Louvain 13 almost N. of Brussels 14 S. E. of Antwerp and 30 E. of Ghent Long. 23 p. 44 m. Lat. 51 d. 6 m. Article V. Part of the Dukedom of Gelderland belonging to the Spaniards THat part of Gelderland which is Subject to the Spaniards Bounds has on the East and North Cleves in Germany on the West Brabant and on the South Juliers in Germany Extent It s extent is about 36 Miles North and South and about 28 East and West The Soil is fertile and yields all sorts of Grains abounding moreover with rich Pasture-grounds Quality which fatten great Droves of Cattel which are sent from many far Places The chief Rivers here are Rivers 1. The Meuse which runs through the midst of this part washing Ruremonde and Venlo and so passes on dividing Brabant from the rest of Guelderland 2. Niers which washes Gelders and runs into Cleves The Chief Towns are Gelders Cap. Venlo Ruremond Bish I. Gelders The City of Guelders Lat. Gueldria which they of the Country call Gelre is seated on a Marshy Ground upon the little River of Niers which environs it instead of a Moat The Castle is extreamly strong and said to be impregnable by reason of its situation In 1627. the Spaniards laboured to have brought the Rhine to the City of Guelders and into the Meuse on purpose to have cut off the Commerce between Germany and Holland but fail'd in their Enterprize It stands 26 Miles nigh S. E. of Nimeguen the Chief of the Province and 11 Miles almost N. of Venlo Long. 25 d. 37 m. Lat. 51 d. 31 m. II. Venlo Venlo is a very strong Town on the River Meuse by the Borders of Juliers It is a Hance-Town but Subject to the Spaniards and stands 11 Miles S. W. of Gelders and 11 N. of Ruremond Long. 25 d. 24 m. Lat. 51 d. 27 m. III. Ruremond Ruremond Lat. Ruremonde is the second City of Gelderland with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Malines on the River Meuse at the Mouth of the Roer or Rura from which it takes its Name It s Collegiate Church was Erected in 1559. into a Cathedral by Pope Paul IV. William Lindall was the first Prelate of it The City is large fair and rich having many stately Monasteries in it whereof that of the Carthusians is the most considerable It stands 11 Miles S. of Venlo and 21 S. of Gelders Long. 25 d. 22 m. Lat. 51 d. 16 m. Article VI. Of the Dukedom of Limburg Limburgensis Ducatus LImburg has the Dutchy of Juliers to the East and North Bounds the Bishoprick of Liege to the West and part of Luxemburg to the South It s Extent South and North is about 35 Miles and West and East about 26. Extent It had heretofore Dukes of its own History but upon the Death of Walraine III. whom others call Henry in 1285. Adolph sold it to John Duke of Brabant who pretended a Right to it as descended from Margaret Daughter of Henry Duke of Limburg Married in 1172. to Godfrey Duke of Brabant In 1293. Rainold I. Duke of Guelderland laid claim to it in the Kight of Ermengarde his Wife Daughter of Herman late Duke of Limburg but he losing the Battel of Woring near Collen June 5. 1298. and being taken Prisoner was forced to resign his Right to John Duke of Brabant to regain his Liberty and from that time the Dukes of Brabant have enjoyed it It has excellent Mines of Iron and one of Copper Quality The Earth is very fruitful in Wheat Fruits and Fewel but above all in Grass and Water The Famous Spaw-Waters are not above Three Leagues S. W. from Limburg The Chief Rivers here are Rivers 1. The Meuse which runs but thorough a little part of this Country 2. Geul which washes Valkenburg and falls into the Meuse 3. Weser which watereth Limburg and runs into Liege 4. Bervine which washes Dalem and falls into the Meuse This Province hath but Five Walled Towns and about 120 Villages The Towns are Limburg Cap. to the Spaniards Dalem to the Hollanders Valkenburg to the Hollanders Rolduck to the Hollanders Remborg to the Hollanders I. Limburg Limburg Lat. Limburgum is pleasantly seated upon a steep Rock which overlooks all the Country round about at the bottom thereof runs the River Weser almost round it among several shady Woods It is but a small City for it chiefly consists of one broad short Street neither is it considerable for its beauty the Buildings for the most part being of Wood. But it is of no small consideration for its strength for it is encompassed with a strong Wall and a Trench and the access to it which is on the North side is extreamly
some deriving it from the German word Reyn which signifies Flowing hitherward or Rein which signifies clearness and purity because it was formerly made a Test of Conjugal Chastity for as Hoffman relates the Ancient Inhabitants about the Rhine did use to try the Legitimacy of Children by throwing them into it reckoning such as sunk to be Bastards but those who swam were look'd upon as lawfully begot Hence Claudian Et quos Nascentes explorat gurgite Rhenus It was also called Aurifer by some because of the Gold found mix'd with its Sand. The Rhine was the Ancient Boundary betwixt France and Germany Constantine the Great begun a Bridge over this River at Cologne to strike terror into the French Charlemaign built a wonderful one of Wood over it at Mentz of 500 paces long which was burnt by a casual Fire about a year before his Death In the Description I design to make of the Course of the Rhine I shall confine my self to that which is most remarkable both in the Treaties of Peace and in the present and former Wars between Germany and France That is from its entrance into Alsatia down to the Fort Schenk in the Low-Countries which comprehends six different Territories viz. 1. Alsatia Strasburg Bish 2. Palatinate of the Rhine Heidelberg 3. Electorate of Mayence Mayence or Mentz Arch. 4. Electorate of Treves Treves or Triers Arch. 5. Electorate of Cologne Cologne or Ceulen Arch. 6. The Succession of Cleves and Juliers Cleves Juliers Article I. Of Alsatia Lat. Alsatia Germ. Elsalsz THIS Province has the Rhine on the East The Palatinate on the North Bounds Lorrain on the West And Suntgaw or County or Ferrete with some part of Franche Comte and Switzerland on the South It s extent Extent South and North is about 100 Miles including Suntgaw and East and West about 50 including Brisgaw It is reputed to have been the seat of the Ancient Tribocchi or Triboces who retained their name till the time of Charlemaign The Romans were Masters of it near 500 years then it was under the Kings of the France till Otho I. By Otho II. it was erected into a Landgraviat and the House of Austria enjoyed it till the Usurpations of the French in the late Wars made it a Wilderness by their unheard of Devastations And afterwards it was sold to Lewis XIV of France with Suntgaw and Brisac by Ferdinand Charles Archduke of Inspruck in 1648. for the sum of three Millions French Livers and so the Emperor was forced to resign it to the French Crown by the Treaty of Munster in the same year 1648. The Spaniard resigning his Right also by the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659. This is one of the best watered Parts of all Germany and most fertile in Wines Corn Quality Fruits Pastures Its Mountains have several Silver Brass and Lead-Mines Yet it is ill peopled because a Frontier and the Seat of War It is in many places over-grown with Wood and has abundance of Iron-works which brings Money into the Country the Woods being upon the Bank of the Rhine do secure the Country against the Rapidity of that River This Province has 46 Walled Towns 50 Castles Cities c. Villages and a great number of Villages It is divided into Vpper and Lower Alsatia and into five Parts including Suntgaw Brisgaw and Ortnaw of which these three Suntgaw Vpper-Alsatia and Lower-Alsatia are on the left side of the Rhine and Brisgaw and Ortnaw on the Right Alsatia with its dependencies is divided into five Parts 1. Lower Alsatia where are Strasburg Bish Cap. To the French Schelestad To the French Weissenburg To the French Landau To the French Molsheim To the French Saverne To the French Haguenau To the French Seltz To the French Ober Ruheim To the French Bentheim To the French Andlaw To the French Lauterburg To the French Inguiller To the French Hoksstein County To the French 2. Vpper-Alsatia where are Colmas Cap. To the French Ensisheim To the French Rufech To the French Munster in Gregorienthal To the French Marbach To the French Keisersperg To the French 3. Suntgaw Lat. Suntgovia has Upper Alsatia on the N. the Rhine on the E. the Bishoprick of Basil on the S. and Franche Comte on the W. the principal places in it are Ferrete County Cap. To the French Alskirk To the French Befo rt To the French Hunningen To the French Mulhausem Imp. and Free 4. Brisgaw or Brisgou Lat. Brisgovia or Brisgoia lies between the Rhine on the W. and the black Forest on the E. The principal Towns in it are Brisac To the French Fribourg Cap. To the French Neweburg to the Emp. 5. Ortnaw Lat. Ortnavia lies between the Rhine on the W. Brisgaw on the S. the Dutchy of Wurstenberg on the East and the Palatinate on the South the most remarkable places there are Ofemburg Cap. Imper. Gengenbach Imper. Baden Marq. Durlach Marq. Pfortzheim to the French Remarkable Towns of Lower Alsatia I. Strasburg STrasburg Lat. Argentoratum or Argentina or Tribocorum and Tribocum and by some Moderns Strasburgum is the Capital City of Alsatia and one of the fairest of Germany It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mentz and was for many Ages a Free and Imperial City seated in the midst of a great Plain upon the little River Ill where it falls into the Breusche about one Mile from the Rhine over which it has a Timber Bridge of great length This is a place of very great strength and Wealth and so ancient that it is said to have been built Ann. M. 1955. The Arsenal and Town-house do well deserve the view of Strangers and the Cathedral dedicated to the Blessed Virgin their Admiration not only for the Magnificence and vastness of the Structure and its Gates of Brass but more particularly for its Steeple called Tower of Mynster which is Pyramidal and of a Structure that lies all open and pervious to the light being the most esteemed for its Workmanship of any other steeple in Christendom It is 574 Foot high and has 700 steps but that which is most of all admired is the Clock Work which besides the Hours of the Day represents the motions of the Planets In the year 1440 or thereabouts the Art of Printing was first invented by one John Guttenburg a Citizen of Strasburg who removed about the same time to Mentz and there mostly used and improved this noble Art so that a mighty contest has been managed between Harlem Strasburg and Mentz which of them shall have the honour of this Invention In 1529. This City embraced the Protestant Religion and the year following entred a League with the Reformed Cantons for her Defence since that time its Government was Republican till September 1681. that the French King having before possess'd himself of all Alsatia suddenly surprized this important Place in a time of Peace when no body suspected it which may be ascribed to the Pride and Folly of the
the Pyrenaean Treaty Brisac has given its name to Brisgaw and has been in former times its Capital but since Fribourg has carried it Brisgaw belonged formerly to the Dukes of Leringuen and afterwards to the Earls of Furstemburg Hugh or Hegon sold it in 1367. to the Dukes of Austria to whom the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria had already Mortgaged Brisac about the year 1326. Since that time the Country of Brisgaw has always belong'd to the House of Austria till the French made themselves Masters of the most Part. Brisac tho' a Notable Fortification is but a Miserable Town It stands 26 Miles N. of Basil and 30 S. of Strasburg Long. 27 d. 22 m. Lat. 48 d. II. Fribourg Fribourg Lat. Friburgum is the Capital City of Brisgaw seated upon the little River of Threseim at the end of a Fertile Plain and upon a rising Ground where the black Mountain begins Albert VI. Duke of Austria Founded in it a University and a Sovereign Chamber the Jurisdiction of which reach'd once a great way but now not above Four Miles The Swedes took it three times in 1632. 1634. and 1638. This Town is Renowned for its Riches and other Advantages and for a Famous Battel that the Duke of Anguien since Lewis Prince of Conde won there in 1644. in which General Merci was Killed Mareschal Crequi took it in 1677. for Lewis XIV after a Siege of Seven or Eight Days It is a large and well peopled City regularly Fortified with several Churches and Religious Houses in it This is also the Residence of the Chapter of Basil from which place it stands 26 Miles almost N. and 10 Miles E. of Brisac Long. 27 d. 31 m. Lat. 47 d. 58 m. III. Newenburg Newenburg is a decaying Place on the Rhine 14 Miles S. of Brisac once Imperial but now Subject to the Emperor Remarkable Places in Ortnaw I. Ofemburg OFemburg Lat. Offemburgum is an Imperial free City in Schwaben and the Capital of Ortnaw seated upon the River Kintzig about one League from the Rhine and Eight Miles S. E. of Strasburg Long. 27 d. 37 m. Lat. 48 d. 23 m. It is under the protection of the House of Austria II. Gengenbach Gengenbach is a little Imperial free City on the River Kintzig 14 Miles S. E. of Strasburg It is also protected by the House of Austria III. Baden Baden or Bade Lat. Bada and Thermae Inferiores with the Title of Marquisate is a small neat City Famous for its Baths This Marquisate is upon the Rhine between Brisgaw and the Dutchy of Wirsemberg Its Marquesses are Princes of the Empire and are of a very Noble and Ancient Family of which there are two Branches the first is Baden Hocberg and the other Baden Durlach the first is Roman Catholick and the second Lutheran These two Branches act by turns in the Diet of the Empire and in the Circle of Suabia but the Baden Durlach Branch has two Voices one for Durlach and the other for Hocberg The present Prince Lewis of Baden who has been General for the Emperor in Hungary and has rendered his Name Immortal by the great Victories he has obtained against the Turks and who came over into England to Visit Their Majesties in 1694. is of the Branch of Hocberg and the yâ—ung Prince his Nephew that came with him of that of Durlach This Town is subject to the Branch of Durlach and stands 22 Miles N. E. of Strasburg 34 almost S. of Spire and 40 N. W. of Tubingen Long. 27 d. 52 m. Lat. 48 d. 38 m. IV. Durlach Durlach is a Town and very good Castle of the Marquisate of Baden having â—lso the Title of Marquisate it give its Name to a Branch of the Family of Baden and is named Doâ—â—â—cum in Latin It is Subject to its own Prince and stands 16 Miles N. E. of Baden V. Pfortzheim Pfortzheim is a small Town in the Marquisate of Baden on the Rivers Entz and Nagold 17 Miles nigh S. of Philipsburg and 27 N. E. of Baden It was taken by the French in 1691. left and taken again in 1692. Article II. The Palatinate of the Rhine Lat. Palatinatus Inferior Germ. Psaltz auff Rhein or Nider Pfaltz THE Palatinate of the Rhine or lower Palatinate to distinguish it from the upper Bounds which lyes on the Danube and belongs to the Duke of Bavaria according to the Treaty of Munster who formerly enjoyed both Borders on the North the Archbishoprick of Mentz on the West Lorrain and the Archbishoprick of Triers on the South Alsatia and on the East Franconia and Suabia or Schwaben It s Extent Extent South and North is about 80 Miles and almost as many West and East including the Bishoprick of Spire The Air is here good and wholesom tho' somewhat Cold Quality The Soil extreamly fruitful in delicate Wines Corn and Pastures There are also several Mines of Agath and Jasper and fine Gold is drawn out of the Sand of the Rhine of which they Coin very good Ducats which bear the Name of that River The Rivers Rivers here are the Rhine and the Neckar which falls into that at Manheim The Country takes its Name from the Office of Count Palatine Name of Palatinate bestowed by the Emperor on those who Administred Justice in his Name to the Empire of which there was two one on the Rhine who had the Charge of Franconia and the Neighbouring Countries and the other in Saxony History and other Countries Subject to the Saxon Law Hence it is that the Electors of Saxony or the Elector Palatine or Elector of Bavaria are Vicars of the Empire in their respective Provinces when there is an Interregnum by the Emperors Death or otherwise At first the Count Palatine of the Rhine had no Possessions on that River but in process of time got them by Marriage Purchase or Imperial Gift and formed a very considerable Principality so that besides several Fiefs betwixt Coblentz and Andernach and in Juliers and besides the Dutchies of Newburg Saltzbach and Deuxponts and other dependencies on them it has divers more Dutchies and Counties The Family of the Princes Palatine of the Rhine is descended from Otho the Illustrious Duke of Bavaria who died in 1245. leaving two Sons Lewis II. Count Palatine of the Rhine and Elector and Henry XIII Duke of Bavaria The Elector Frederick III. begun in 1576. to entertain many Protestant Families in his Dominions who fled from the Low Countries His Successors doing the like did thereby mightily enrich the Countrey This Prince made his Revenues very considerable by the Reformation Right of Conduct to Strangers Toll upon Merchandizes that pass'd his Territories and the Title he had to the Goods of Strangers or those who died without Will in his Dominions Frederick the IIId was Succeeded by his Son Lewis the IVth who turned Protestant and was Succeeded by Frederick the IVth who also abandon'd Popery He Married Louise Daughter to the Prince of Orange by whom
of Lorrain This Death was the source of the Civil Wars of Germany in this manner Mary Eleanor the Dukes Eldest Sister Married to Albert Frederick of Brandenburg Duke of Prussia left four Daughters The Elder called Ann was Married to John Sigismond Marquiss of Brandenburg and Elector of the Empire This Elector the Duke of Newbourg the Marquiss of Burgaw and John George of Saxony which three last Married the three younger Sisters pretended all to the Succession John II. of Bavaria Duke of Deux-Ponts Son of John of Bavaria and of Magdalen of Cleves Sister to Mary Eleanor laid his claim and Charles of Gonzague and Cleves Duke of Nevers appeared also because he was cousin by the Mothers side and bore the name too In the mean time the Emperor Rodolphus II. would sequester the Estate pretending also that it was a Fief with an intention perhaps to appropriate it to himself It 's thought that Henry IV. the Great King of France was about taking the Field to decide the Quarrel when he was murthered in 1610. Afterwards the Marquiss of Brandenburg assisted by the Dutch and the Duke of Newburg supported by the Spaniards disputed the Succession by force of Arms which they divided at last The Dutchy of Cleves the Counties of Mark and Ravensberg falling to the first The Dukedoms of Juliers and Berg and the Lordship of Ravestein being left to the Duke of Newbourg The Spaniards under Spinola made themselves Masters of Juliers in 1622. but it was restored to the Duke again in 1659. The Places of Note in the Dutchy of Cleves are Cleves Cap. Emmerick Rees Wesel Meurs County Genep Burich Orsoy Calcar Duysbourg Santen Fort de Skenck I. Cleves Cleves Lat. Clivis or Clivia because it is built in a Place near the Rhine where there are three deep Acclivities or Descents This derivation of Name from the Latin makes some think that the Town was built by the Romans However it is but little yet well peopled and lies upon a little River near the Place where the Rhine divides it self into two Branches and where the Fort Schenck stands There is a square Tower and other remains of old Buildings seen near it which shew that it has formerly been far greater than it is now It stands 12 Miles almost S. E. of Nimeguen and 66 N. W. of Cologne Long. 25 d. 25 m. Lat. 51 d. 48 m.. II. Emmerik Emmerik vulgo Embric Lat. Emmerica is a large beautiful and wealthy City seated upon the Rhine between Cleves and the Fort of Schenck being about seven Miles N. E. from the first it belongs to the Marquiss of Brandenburg but was Garrisoned by the Hollanders a long time who took it from the Spaniards in 1600. The Elector of Brandenburg pawned Emmerick Orsoy and Wesel to the Dutch and by the taking of them the French began their Conquest of the Vnited Provinces in 1672. But the year next following they restored them to the Elector III. Rees Rees Lat. Reesium is a small Town upon the Rhine formerly well fortified and garrisoned by the Hollanders tho' it belong'd to the Duke of Brandenburg It was taken from them by the French in 1672. and restored to that Prince in 1674. but first dismantled It stands 12 Miles E. of Cleves IV. Wesel Wesel is a strong City seated upon the Rhine at the Confluence of the Lippe It was taken from the Spaniards by the Hollanders in 1629. and from the Hollanders by the French in 1672. who left it to the Elector of Brandenburg in 1674. after they had dismantled it It has been very well fortified of late by that Prince This Place stands 23 Miles S. E. of Cleves V. Meurs Meurs is a well fortified Town with the Title of County some place it in the Archbishoprick of Cologne It had particular Earls formerly but now belongs to the House of Orange and Nassau and so to our King It stands 28 Miles S. E. of Cleves VI. Genep Genep or Gennep Lat. Gennaptum is a small City well fortified 10 Miles S. W. of Cleves It is seated upon the River Mers where it falls into the Meuse and kept by a Dutch Garrison tho' in the Territories of Brandenburg It was once taken by the Spaniards but recovered by the Hollanders in 1641. VII Burich Burich or Budrick Lat. Burichum and Budrichium or Burunchium is a little Town pleasantly seated on the Rhine and pretty well fortified The Hollanders were formerly Masters of it and it is one of the Four Cities which the French King caused to be attack'd at one and the same time at the opening of the Campaign in 1672. The Marshal Turenne Besieged and carried it It stands 20 Miles E. of Cleves VIII Orsoy Orsoy Lat. Orsovium or Orsocum is a strong Town upon the Rhine _____ Miles of Cleves It was taken by the Prince of Orange in 1634. for the Hollanders and afterwards taken from those by the French in 1672. but abandon'd by them in 1674. IX Calcar Calcar is situated upon the River of Meine a League from the Rhine and two from Cleves to the S. E. It has a Castle and is well fortified the Streets are narrow so that there is nothing considerable but the great Place where the Town-House is X. Duisbourg Duisbourg Lat. Duisburgum is seated on the River Roer belonging to the Elector of Brandenburg it was an Imperial Town formerly but has lost this Privilege It is different from Duisbourg the most Ancient Viscounty of Brabant And stands 35 Miles S. E. of Cleves XI Santen Santen is a large and ancient Town not far off the Rhine Nine Miles W. of Wesel and 15 S. E. of Cleves It is under the Elector of Brandenburg and noted for the finest Church in all that Dutchy wherein are above 30 Altars with the History of the Gospel Carved exquisitely in Timber they have abundance of Relicks here and among other things pretend to a Manuscript of St. Paul's Writing XII Fort de Skenck Fort de Skenck Lat. Arx Skenckia Germ. Schenkenschans is a strong Fort on the Borders of Gelderland in a place where the Rhine dividing it self into two Channels makes the River Wahal and the other Branch keeps the Name of Rhine This Fort takes its Name from the Builder Martin Skenck The Spaniards took it by Surprize from the Hollanders in 1635. who retook it the next Year after a Siege of Eleven Months In 1672. it was taken by the French in two Days and was by them restored to the Duke of Brandenburg in 1674. and in 1679. Mortgaged by that Prince to the Hollanders who are now Masters of it It stands 3 Miles N. of Cleves Dukedom of Juliers THis Dutchy lyes betwixt the Meuse and the Rhine the Country of Cleves and Limburg Bounds the Bishoprick of Liege and the Archbishoprick of Cologne It is about 12 Leagues in length and 7 in breadth Extent The most considerable Places in it are Juliers Cap. Duren Aix la Chapelle Imp. Zulk or
Zulpich Kerpen Dolin Heinsberg Erkelens Gueld Bredebent Grevembruck Aldenhoven I. Juliers Juliers Lat. Juliacum Germ. Julick or Gulick is situated upon the River Roer being an Ancient and strong City with a good Cittadel Some Authors affirm that it was Built by Julius Caesar tho' others are of Opinion that it was Built by Drusus It was taken in 1622. by the Spaniards but was restored to the Duke of Newburg by the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. This City is 24 Miles W. of Cologne 15 N. E. of Aix la Chapelle and 34 E. of Maestricht Long. 25 d. 50 m. Lat. 50 d. 56 m. II. Duren Duren or Dueren is a small Town on the River Roer 8 Miles S. E. of Juliers It was once Imperial but is now subject to the Duke of Newbourg III. Aix-la-Chapelle Aix-la-Chapelle Lat. Aquisgranum Germ. Aken is an Imperial Town on the Frontiers of Juliers It is said to have been Built by Granus the Brother of Nero Anno Christi 50. and thence called Aquis Granum others give a fabulous Etymology deriving its Name from Apollo called Granius because of its Medicinal Waters and Baths Charlemaign Riding through the Woods a Hunting his Horse's Foot struck into one of those Hot Springs which occasion'd his observing of the Place and the Ruins of many Palaces adjoining the City having been Ruined by Attila King of the Huns. He found the Place so agreeable that he Built it up again and chose it for his Residence conferred great Priviledges upon it and made it the Seat of the Empire in this side of the Alps ordaining that the King of the Romans should be Crowned here with an iron Crown as at Milan with one of Silver and at Rome with one of Gold He Built also a Collegiate Church Dedicated to the Virgin enlarged and fortified the City so that it flourished till 882. that it was destroyed by the Normans It has suffered much by the Fire divers times since and particularly in 1656. when 20 Churches and 5000 private Houses were consum'd The Town-house is well Built of Free-stone having a Hall of 162 Foot long and 60 broad where the Emperors at their Coronation Treat the Electors and other Princes The Church of our Lady Built by Charlemaign is adorned in the inside with Pillars of white Marble and Brass gilt Statues Brass Doors and much Mosaick Work In the middle of the Church where Charlemaign was Buried hangs a Crown of Silver and Brass adorn'd with 16 little Towers and 48 Statues of Silver of about a Foot high and 32 which are lesser between which stand 48 Candlesticks to receive the Lights Burnt there upon Festivals This was the Gift of the Emperor Frederick I. who took up again the Body of Charlemaign and Buried it again in a Silver Coffin under his own Tomb-stone which is of white Marble and said to have been that of Julius Caesar it has the Figure of Proserpine upon it Out of this Tomb were taken a great many Rarities and Relicks which the said Emperor had got from Aaron King of Persia the Patriarch of Constantinople and others In this Place is also the Tomb of the Emperor Otho who is said to have first Constituted the Electors in 1000. Near this City are many Mines as Lead Sulphure Vitriol Iron Coal and Lapis Calaminaris with which they make Brass or multiply Copper in their Furnaces This City is also Famous for its hot Baths which are very much frequented and exceeding convenient three of them are within the Walls and very convenient the principal is called the Emperors Bath it has Five Bathing Rooms in one of which Charlemaign used to Bath and Swim These Baths rise so hot that they let them cool 12 Hours before they use them There is also a Fountain of this hot Water much resorted to and drunk of in the Summer A little from this City on the other side of a Hill at a Village called Borsett are many hot Springs on both sides of a little Rivulet which compose 28 Baths whose Springs are hotter than any of the City and are cool'd 18 Hours before they be used This City suffered much in the late Wars being taken by the Protestants and retaken by Spinola in 1614. Several Councils have been held in this City which is also famous for a Treaty of Peace concluded there betwixt the French and Spaniards in 1668. It stands 32 Miles almost W. of Cologne 26 almost E. of Liege and 15 almost N. E. of Limburg Long. 25 d. 36 m. Lat. 50 d. 48 m. IV. Zulch or Zulpich Zulch or Zulpich Lat. Tolbiacum stands 10 Miles from Cologne and is the same that was formerly called Tolbiac Famous for the Victory won there in 496. by Clovis because it occasion'd his Conversion The other Towns in Juliers are not very remarkable except Grevembruk which is Famous by the Defeat of the Imperialists in 1648. Dukedom of Berg or Mons. THE Dutchy of Berg or of Mons Lat. Bergensis Name Bounds Quality and Montensis Ducatus is a small Country upon the Rhine betwixt the County of Mark and the Bishoprick of Liege It abounds with excellent Corn and Coal-Mines and belongs to the Duke of Newbourg The Principal Places in it are Dusseldorp Cap. Solingen Lennep Ratingen Hardemberg Berg Everveld Mulheim Blankenberg Siegberg Wieldenberg I. Dusseldorp Dusseldorp the Chief Town of the Dutchy of Berg is pretty well fortified upon the Rhine It belongs to the Duke of Newburg and stands 20 Miles N. W. of Cologne and 23 N. E. of Juliers Long. 26 d. 14 m. Lat. 51 d. 13 m. The other Places are not very considerable County of Mark. THis County lyes betwixt the Dutchy of Westphalia to the East Bounds the Bishoprick of Munster to the North and the Dutchy of Berg or Mons to the West and South The most Remarkable Places in it are Dortmund Cap. Luynen Vnna Ham Essen Werden Zoest Asten Kumen I. Dortmund Dortmund Lat. Tremonia is a little rich and populous imperial and Hanse-Town on the River Empser It belongs now to the Marquiss of Brandenburg and stands 34 Miles S. of Munster and 40 almost N. of Cologne Long. 26 d. 58 m. Lat. 51 d. 28 m. The other Places here do not deserve a particular Description County of Ravensberg THis Earldom is a small Territory that lyes between the Bishopricks of Minden and Osnaburgh to the N. and W. that of Munster to the South and the County of Lippe to the East The only Place of Note here is Ravensberg situated upon a Hill and Subject to the Elector of Brandenburg It stands 20 Miles S. E. of Osnaburgh and 30 almost E. of Munster Long. 27 d. 57 m. Lat. 52 d. 11 m. Lordship of Ravesteyn RAvesteyn is a small Town and Country of Brabant on the Borders of Gelderland The City stands upon the Meuse below Grave 10 Miles almost W. of Nimeguen Long. 24 d. 53 m. Lat. 51 d. 48 m. The Dukes of Cleves have been Lords of Ravesteyn where they
the other from Tarentais to Dauphine It is generally believed to be the Country of the Ancient Brannovices in Caesar tho' Samson be of another Mind The most considerable Places here are St. John of Maurienne Bish Cap. La Chambre Marquisate St. Michael St. Julian St. Andrew Modane Vsse Braman Lanebourg I. St. John of Maurienne St. John of Maurienne or Morienne Lat. Mauriana Sancti Joannis is on the River Arche with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Vienna in Dauphine It is an Unwalled City seated in a Valley on the Frontiers of France The Cathedral Church of St. John has many Tombs of the Dukes of Savoy This City lies 16 Leagues from Grenoble to the East The Valley of Tarentaise Lat. Tarentasia THIS small Province lies between the Fossigny on the North the Alps and the Dutchy of Aost on the East the Valley of Morienne on the South and Savoy Proper on the West The remarkable Places here are Monstiers Archbp. Cap. St. James St. Maurice Briancon Constans Le Bourg I. Monstiers Monstiers Lat. Monasterium formerly Tarentasia and Forum Neronis Centronum is seated upon the Isere with an Archbishops See which has for Suffragans Sion and Aousle It has not been Metropolis but since the eighth Age for before that time all Ecclesiastick Authors agree that it was subject to that of Vienne It stands 16 Miles E. of St. John de Mauscenne 28 E. of Monmelian and 64 N. W. of Turin Long. 26 d. 14 m. Lat. 45 d. seven m. The Barony of Fossigny FOssigni Foucigni or Faussigny Lat. Fociniacum and Fociniensis Tractus with the Title of Barony lies between Genevois and le Valais in a Mountainous Country its ancient Inhabitants were the Focunates or Focuates The most remarkable Places here are Bonneville Cap. Cluse St. Gervais Taninge Salanche Bonneville Bonneville Lat. Bonnopolis is a small Town and Castle on the right Bank of the River Arva over which it has a Wooden Bridge two Leagues from Cluse five from Annecy and about as many from Geneva Bonneville is at the Foot of the Mountains but the Plain on the other side the River Arva belongs to Geneva It is not considerable yet several Noble Families of Savoy as of St. Alban de Millet de Chales c. have had their Original from thence The Dukedom of Chablais Lat. Caballicus Ducatus THis Province Borders the Lake of Geneva to the North The Country of Velay to the East Fossigny to the South and the Territories of Geneva to the West It comprehends the Bailywicks of Tannier and Galliard and the Lands of St. Victor The Romans kept great studs in this Province which for that reason they called Provincia Equestris and Caballica from the last word comes the present Chablais The Places of Note here are Thonon Ripaille Evian Armoy St. John d' Aux or of Aost Thonon Thonon or Tonnon Lat. Tunonium is a small inconsiderable Town on the Lake of Geneva seven Leagues E. of that Town The Genevois Lat. Genevensis Ager THis Province has the River Rhine on the West and North Chablais and Fossigni on the East and Savoy Proper on the South The remarkable Places here are Geneve Bish Free Annecy Cap. Albi. La Roche Tonnes Faverge Manigo Talloir Clairmont Mount St. Martin I. Geneva Geneva or Geneve Lat. Januba Genabum Geneva or Geneventium Civitas is an ancient City of the Allobroges upon the Frontiers of Savoy seated upon the Rhine at the extremity of the Lake Leman now called Lake of Geneva It is a neat large rich City well fortified and has an admirable situation partly upon a Hill partly in a Plain which has the Lake on the North. The Rhine issuing out of the Lake incompasses the City to the West and divides it from that delightful part call'd St. Gervais At the end of the City the Rhine receives the River Arve which is another Rampart of Geneva to the South and besides the defence it draws from those Rivers to the South and West and from the Lake to the North it has very good Fortifications St. Peter's Church is built upon a Hill and was formerly the Cathedral There are in this City several Piazza's a fair Town-House with a Pair of Stairs of particular Workmanship an Arsenal in good order vast Walks and beautiful Streets especially along the Lake The Rivieres or Bank-sides make three different Streets for there is in the middle a Passage for Coaches and Horses with Shops on both sides having Porticco's before them supported with Pillars where you walk securely from the Weather It is a City of great Trade in a Soil abounding with Wine It is very ancient and was very considerable in the time of the Romans as several * See Spon's Antiquities of Geneva Inscriptions testifie After several Revolutions and suffering much by the Incursions of the Barbarians she had Counts of her own of which the most Ancient was Robert or Ratbert in the year 880. After that this City preserved her Liberty for many years under the Imperial protection till being deserted by the Emperors engaged in Civil Dissentions she had recourse to her own Bishops then in great Authority but they embroyling themselves with the Duke of Savoy those Discords strangely afflicted her being already twice consumed by Fire So that she was forc'd to struggle with the succeeding Dukes of Savoy for her Liberty which she did with various Fortune being reduc'd to great extremities by Charles Duke of Savoy after a long Siege And like to have been seized by Emanuel which forc'd her to a strict Alliance with the Cantons of Berne and Friburg by whom she was delivered from her Fears and the Dukes of Savoy brought to an easie composition and Renunciation of their Pretensions But nothing conduced so much to her Establishment as her embracing the Reformation first Preached to her by William Farel her first Minister to whom succeeded Calvin and Beza who both died at Geneva so that after she had renewed a perpetual League with the Cantons before-mentioned by their support in 1535. the Council of Geneva abolished the Roman Religion and forced her Bishop Peter of la Beaume to remove his See to Annecy About 350 years ago this City was twice burnt in seven years time and the change of Religion having heightened its Neighbours Rage against it it suffered a very sharp Siege and miserable Famine in 1584. But yet prevailed so far by the help of the Canton of Zurich that the Duke of Savoy and the Bishop were forced to renounce all their pretensions to it Nor did it reap less glory from its defeating the Nocturnal Scalado of Charles Emanuel in 1602. In these late years the French King has several times threatned this City of a Siege but has been kept from such a design by the fear of breaking with the Switzers The Emperor Charles IV. instituted here an University in 1368. which is still very flourishing Geneva stands 75 Miles N. E. of Lyons 65 S. of Besancon 50 N. of
in 1692. after a memorable Siege and Blockade Waradin stands 75 Miles almost N. of Temeswar 90 Nigh W. of Weissenburg 114 N. of Belgrade and as many E. of Buda Long. 42 d. 55. m. Lat. 47 d. 15 m. X. Segedin Segedin or Seged Lat. Segodunum is the Capital of the Country of Bodroch on the River Teys or Tibisc near the Mouth of the River Merish 55 Miles E. of Colocza 64 S. W. of Waradin and 104 S. E. of Buda Long. 42 d. Lat. 46 d. 26 m. It was taken by the Turks in 1552. and retaken by the Imperialists in 1686. without much resistance after the taking of Buda XI Temeswar Temeswar is a large and very strong City upon the River Temes whence it has its Name towards the borders of Transilvania The Turks took it in 1552. and have fortified it since to that degree that they now esteem it impregnable It s indeed the strongest place they have It is the Seat of a Bassa and the Capital oâ— a Beglerbegtick or Government something like a County bounded on the North by Chaunad and Transylvania on the West by the Tibisc on the South by the Danube and on the East by Moldavia This City stands 54 Miles N. E. of Belgrade 75 S. of Great Waradin and 160 S. E. of Buda Long. 43 d. 24 m. Lat. 46 d. 6 m. XII Giulia Giulia or Gula Lat. Julia is a small but fortified City seated on the Lake Zarkad by the River Feketekerez and upon the Frontiers of Transylvania It was taken by the Turks in 1566. and by them afterwards Mortgaged to the Prince of Transylvania from whom they have taken it of late It stands 28 Miles S. of Great Waradin and 52 N. W. of Temeswar XIII Montgatz Montgatz or Munkatz is a Fortress in the Earldom of Pereczas situated on a steep Rock with a Borough at the Foot of it well shut up and surrounded with a Ditch full of Water A great Marsh is about this Place so that it seems Nature has made it impregnable The Fortress contains three Castles the first and highest commanding the second and the second above the third all three surrounded with a Ditch wrought in the Rock and the passages from one to another is over three Bridges The Princess Ragotski Count Tekely's Wife defended this place against a powerful Army which was forced to raise the Siege but after a Blockade of many years being not able to pay her Troops she Capitulated in 1688. and surrendred the Town to the Emperor and was conducted to Vienna with her Children where she was to live quietly without corresponding with her Husband Montgatz stands 126 Miles nigh E. of Buda Long. 43 d. 8 m. Lat. 48 d. 28 m. XIV Zatmar Zatmar is a little but well Fortified Town in the Mountains of Vpper-Hungary upon the Frontiers of Transylvania It is Capital of a Country lately erected into a County and belongs to the Emperor Teckely made himself Master of it in 1680. but the Emperor has regained it since This Town stands incircled with the River Samosch 25 Miles almost S. of Montgatz XV. Ungwar Vngwar or Vnghuar lies at the foot of Mount Crapach incircled with the River Vngh upon the Frontiers of Red-Russia It is the Capital of a County of the same name more considerable for its situation and strength than for any other advantage The Hungarian Historians pretend that this Town or River gave its Name to their Kingdom Count Teckely was master of this place and kept there his treasures with the best things he had because he thought it impregnable by its situation but in 1685. the Imperialists made themselves Masters of it This Town stands 42 Miles N. W. of Zatmar XVI Novigrad Novigrad is a small but very strong Town in the County of the same name It is defended by a Castle built upon a Rock and encompassed with a Ditch four and thirty foot deep cut in the same Rock which makes it almost Impregnable In 1594. the Germans took it from the Turks who re-took it in 1663. but it is now again under the Emperor It stands 16 Miles almost E. of Gran and 22 N. of Buda XVII .. Pest Pest Lat. Pestum is a great and fine Town situate upon the Danube over against Buda from whence it yields a delightful prospect by reason of its Walls Towers and Mosques There is a fine Bridge of Boats of half a Mile long betwixt them It has often been taken both by the Turks and Christians and is now under the Emperor of Germany since 1686. XVIII Esperie Esperie is a strong Town on the River Tarkzal It is the Capital of the County of Saros and is famous for its Fairs and Salt Mines It is subject to the Emperor and stands 14 Miles off the borders of Poland and 15 N. of Cassovia Long. 41 d. 57 m. Lat. 48 d. 54 m. XIX Saros or Scaros Saros is a strong Castle in a County of the same name subject to the Emperor It stands upon a Hill two or three Miles almost N. of Esperie XX. Tokay Tokay is a very strong Town and Cittadel seated in an Island made by the River Teys and Bodroch It is the Capital of the County of Semlin Count Teckely made himself Master of it in 1683. but the Emperors Forces retook it in 1685. It stands 66 Miles almost N. of Great Waradin and 74 E. of Buda XXI Brodrogh Bodrogh or Bodroch is seated on the Danube and was formerly the Capital of a County of the same name It is in the possession of the Imperialists since the Conquest of Buda and Segedin in 1686. and stands 90 Miles S. E. of the former and 30 W. of the latter XXII Chonad Chonad Lat. Canadis is situated on the River Mericz not far from the Place where it empties it self into the Teys upon the Frontiers of Transylvania It is a Capital of a County of the same name subject heretofore to the Grand Signior but in the possession of the Imperialists since 1685. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Colocza and stands 15 Miles E. of Segedin XXIII Jeno Jeno or Geno is a strong Castle in the County of Waradin subject to the Turks It stands on the River Feketekerez 17 Miles S. of Great Waradin XXIV Kallo Kallo is a Town of Vpper-Hungary seated in a kind of a Lake on the River Kello It is subject to the Emperor and stands 24 Miles S. E. of Tokay and 48 almost N. of Great Waradin XXV Zemlin Zemlin is the Capital of a County of the same name seated on the River Bodrach among several Branches 24 Miles N. E. of Tokay and 32 W. of Mongatz It is subject to the Emperor Description of the Remarkable Places in Lower-Hungary I. Buda BVDA or Offen is the Capital City of Hungary and formerly the ordinary residence of its Kings because of its pleasant situation Sigismund King of Hungary who was Crowned in 1387. and was afterwards Emperor beautified it with several sumptuous
3 m. VI. Vesprin Vesprin in High Dutch Weisbrun Lat. Vesprinum is a strong and populous City the Capital of a pretty considerable County to which she has given her Name and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Strigonia It was taken by the Turks in 1593. but was retaken since by the Emperor and is still subject to him It stands nigh the River Sarwitza 13 Miles W. of Alba Regalis and 53 almost W. of Buda Long. 39 d. 6 m. Lat. 47 d. 22 m. VII Kanisa Kanisa or Kanisca Lat. Canisia is seated upon the River Sala in the Zalad between the Lake Balaton and the River Drave not above one Mile from the Confines of Stiria to the East It is one of the strongest Towns in these Parts It was taken by the Turks in 1600. tho' the Imperialists did all that was possible to prevent it The following Year the Arch-Duke of Austria Besieged it from the beginning of September to the end of October but without success In 1604. Count Serini Besieged it and had infallibly carried it if he had been succoured in time In 1688. June 30th the Count de Budiani blocked it up with a Body of 6000 Hungarians and 2000 Heydukes which continued till April 13. 1690. when in pursuance of a Capitulation that the Emperor had ratified the Keys of the Gates hanging upon a Chain of Gold were delivered to the Count de Budiani by a Turk with these words I herewith consign into your Hands the strongest Fortress in the Ottoman Empire The Imperialists found in it great store of large Artillery taken heretofore from the Christians This Town stands 68 Miles S. W. of Alba Regalis 94 almost S. E. of Vienna and 106 S. W. of Buda Long. 37 d. 56 m. Lat. 46 d. 54 m. VIII Sigeth Sigeth or Zygeth Lat. Salinae is a very strong Town seated in a Morass near the River Alme It has a very good Castle and is fortified with three Ditches and as many Walls Solyman II. Emperor of the Turks died at the Siege and the Place was taken three days after in 1596. Nicholas Esdrin Count of Serini who was Governour of it being slain in a Sally he made at the Head of his remaining Forces The Imperialists retook this City from the Turks in January 1688. and found therein 85 Pieces of Cannon It stands 44 Miles S. of Alba Regalis 64 E. of Canisa and 74 S. W. of Buda Long. 39 d. 24 m. Lat. 46 d. 36 m. There is another Town of the same Name in Transylvania near the Fountains of the Tibiscus IX Cinq Eglises or Quinque Ecclesiae Cinq Eglises Lat. Quinque Ecclesiae called by the Germans Funff-kirken is a place of no great strength on the River Keoritz 12 Miles off the River Drave 32 Miles N. E. of Zigeth and 49 almost N. of Posega Long. 40 d. 6 m. Lat. 46 d. 26 m. X. Mohatz Mohatz is a little Town between Colocza and the Influx of the Drave into the Danube four German Miles from either and 6 N. W. of Esseck It is memorable for two great Battels fought near it the first between Lewis King of Hungary and Solyman the Magnificent in 1526. in which this Unfortunate Prince Lewis with 25000 Men fought 300000 Turks who killed 22000 of the Christian Army the King in his flight over the Brook Curass fell into a Quagmire and was swallowed up After this Solyman took and slew 200000 Hungarians and got such a footing in this Kingdom that he could never be expelled The second in some part retrieves the Loss and Infamy of the former On the 29th of July 1687. the Prime Visier having passed the Drave at Esseck on purpose to Fight the Christian Army under the Command of the Duke of Lorrain upon August 12. there followed a Bloody Battel in which the Turks lost 100 Pieces of Cannon 12 Mortars and all their Ammunition and Baggage and about 800 Men upon the Place of Battel besides those that were Drowned in passing the River After this Victory Dunewalt found Esseck deserted by the Enemy and took possession of it XI Altenburg or Owar Altenburg or Owar Lat. Ovaria is a very strong Town on the Danube in the County of Muzon the best Out-work to Vienna subject to the Emperor It stands 18 Miles almost S. of Presburg and 50 E. of Vienna XII Baboisca Baboisca or Baboliza called Mansuetinum in Antonin's Itinenary is a Town and Castle on the River Rynnia in the County of Sigeth from which it stands 19 Miles to the W. XIII Bataseck or Bachia Bataseck or Bachia is a small Town of Lower Hungary at the Confluence of the Danube and Sarwizze with a Bishop's See under the Archbishoprick of Colocza it was under the Turks until 1686. but after the taking of Quinque Ecclesiae it returned to the Obedience of the Emperor It stands 20 Miles S. of Colocza and 70 S. E of Buda XIV Darda Darda is a strong Fort in the County of Caranywar on the North end of Esseck's Bridge about six Miles N. W. of Esseck It was Built by the Turks in 1686. and taken by the Imperialists in 1687. XV. Palotta Palotta is a Town of no great Consideration in the County of Alba-Regalis It was taken from the Turks by the Imperialists in October 1687. The Bassa that commanded there immediately desired to Capitulate and marched out with 250 Men and as much Baggage as every Souldier could carry There were found Eight Pieces of Cannon divers Mortars and great quantity of Powder and Provision with three Colours Palotta stands five Miles almost N. of Alba Regalis Article II. Transilvania Bounds TRansilvania is a Principality and part of the Ancient Dacia having Hungary to the West Mount Carpathus to the North Moravia to the East and Walachia to the South It s length and breadth are four Days Journey each Extent it had its Name from the Romans Name History by reason of the Forrests and Mountains that environ'd it the Hungarians called it Erdely and the Germans Sibenburgen a Name derived from the Seven Towns Built there by the Banish'd Saxons Several other Inhabitants setled in it but the Saxons who best Cultivated the Country had the firmest footing The Romans afterwards under Trajan became Masters of it It was afterwards united to the Kingdom of Hungary and now its Princes are subject sometimes to the Turk sometimes to the Emperor of Germany The Plains are very fruitful in Corn the Hills covered with Vines Quality and the Mountains well stocked with Gold Silver and Salt Mines They have also Bitumen whereof they make Torches whose smoke is good to refresh the Brain In their Woods they have great numbers of Deers Bears and extraordinary wild Horses Their Water is unwholesom because it passes through Mines of Alum and Mercury but there are some that taste like Wine others that petrifie and form a hard Crust round Wood or any thing else thrown into them This Principality is inhabited by three
Title of Kingdom It stretches from Servia which it has on the W. along the Danube which parts it from Moldavia and Walachia unto the Mouths of this River in the Black Sea which bounds it on the East and on the South a long Chain of Mountains separates it from Macedonia and Romania the old Thracia Bulgaria formerly made part of Lower-Moesia Authors do vary about the Original and first Seat of its Inhabitants Inhabitants There are several who think that they came from the Asiatick Sarmatia and that they took their Name from the River Volga which discharges it self into the Sea of Hyrcania having had their Seat upon its Banks before they passed into Europe Others make them descend from the Ancient Getae or Gepids However they have often opposed the Emperors of Constantinople and made Incursions into Italy and France under the Kings of the Second Line The most remarkable places in Bulgaria are Sofia Cap. Archb. Nicopolis or Nigeboli Archb. Guistandil Panfalca Ternovo Hasgrad Silistria Prounda or Proslavisa Tomi or Trosmi Mesembria or Mesevira I. Sofia Sofia or Sophia is called by the Turks Triadizza and is an Archbishop's See it was of old called Sardicca and belonged then to the Lower Maesia It is seated upon the River Ichar at an equal distance from the Borders of Thracia E. Macedonia S. and Servia W. being now a great populous but unwalled City and the Seat of the Bassa or Governour for the Beglerbeglicz of Romelia it is supposed to have been Built by the Emperor Justinian in Honour of his Wife Sophia It is noted for one of the greatest General Councils in 307. that ever was held wherein by the Artifice of Constantius the Council of Nice was condemned Amurat II. took this City and since that time all the Country of its dependency has been subject to the Turks It stands 150 Miles S. of Targovisco and 315 W. of Constantinople Long. 47 d. 12 m. Lat. 43 d. 25 m. II. Nicopolis Nicopolis or Nigeboli which the Turks call Sciltaro is seated upon the Danube the Capital of a Sangiak with an Archbishop's See It is famous for the Victory which Bazajet I. won there In 1396. It stands 74 Miles almost N. of Sofia III. Silistria Silistria is a great City the second of Bulgary by some reckoned the Chief and the Capital of a Sangiac It stands 18 Miles S. of Nicopolis and 70 N. of Sophia Long. 47 d. 50 m. Lat. 44 d. 25 m. From Silistria to Tomi or Trosmi known in Antiquity by Ovid's Confinement are seen the remains of a Wall Built by the Emperors of Constantinople against the Barbarians Article VII Servia SErvia is a Province of the Turkish Empire which by the Romans was called Moesia Superior Bounds and then esteemed a part of Thrace It is of great Extent being bounded on the North by the Danube which separates it from Hungary and Walachia on the West by Bosnia on the South by Albania and Macedonia and on the East by Bulgaria This Country is very fruitful and rich Quality having several Mines of Gold and Silver In the Year 1350. Vbsan or Dusan Reigned and was the first King of Servia History and called himself also Emperor of Greece He Conquered Bulgaria Bosnia and several other Nations in those parts But his Family ended in Stephen in 1371. The Servians submitted to Amurath I. after the taking of Nissa but being provoked by his Cruelty revolted in 1376. and joined with the Despote of Bosnia In 1388. Lazarus Despote of Servia fought Amurath I. in the Plains of Cassovia in which Battel fell 50000 Men and Amurath was slain after the Fight as he was viewing the Field by a wounded Servian who rose from the Dead Bodies and stabb'd him to Revenge the Death of Lazarus his Master who was slain here too In 1420. Amurath Sultan of the Turks made an Invasion on George Despote of Servia called the Rascian took Nevomento Scopia and Sinderovia with two of the Despote's Sons put out their Eyes and cut off their Genitals and Married their Sister for her great Beauty In 1427. the Servians were reduced by the same Prince in 1454. they were again reduced and have since that time been subject to the Ottoman Port. The Places of Note in Servia are Belgrade Cap. Bish Semendria Bish Nissa Scopia Archb. I. Belgrade Belgrade or Grischish-Weissemburg Lat. Alba Graeca and Alba Bulgarica is seated a little below the Confluence of the Save and Danube very considerable for its greatness and for its situation upon a Hill which renders it extraordinary strong Some do take it for the old Taurinum but that was too far from the Confluent of the Save and Danube to be the same with Belgrade There is more likelihood that the latter being increased by the Ruin of the other its Neighbourhood made it to be taken for the same City Belgrade is a Bishop's See under the Archbishoprick of Antivari Amurath II. lost a Victorious Army before it in 1439. and Mahomet II. his Son lost another Army of 250000 Men before it in 1456. which the brave Huniades ruin'd by this Stratagem he suffered a Party of the Turks to enter the Town and whilst they were plundering sallied out and took their Cannon turned them against themselves killed 40000 of them and forc'd the rest to an inglorious flight leaving all their Baggage and Ammunition behind In 1521. Soliman the Magnificent took it after two Months Siege Lewis King of Hungary being then but 15 Years of Age and the other Christian Princes being ingaged in a Mutual War It was for many Years after neglected by the Turks but in 1686. they begun to refortifie it after the loss of Buda In 1688. the Emperor sent the Duke of Bavaria against it with a Potent Army he forced his way over the Save Aug. 8. and defeated 6000 of the best of the Turkish Troops on the Tenth he March'd toward Belgrade whereupon the Turks set Fire to the Lower Town and abandon'd it tho' they had 20000 Men Incamp'd and a strong Work which reach'd from the Town to the Save An old Bassa was left to Command the upper Town and Castle On the 12th the Christians begun their Approaches the Turks making a Vigorous Defence but Breaches being made the Imperialists Storm'd it thrice successively at the 6th of September and at the third Assault entred the Place putting all to the Sword at first so that there were about 7000 kill'd and thrown into the Save but the Bassa and about 3000 more obtained Quarter having Chain'd 200 Christian Slaves whom they set betwixt them and the Imperialists There were 70 Pieces of Cannon with a vast deal of Plunder tho' the Inhabitants had been removing their Effects a long tsme and a 1000 Boats went down the River the Day before the lower Town was Burnt The Christians had about 4000 killed and wounded in this Siege In 1690. the Emperor being Attack'd by the French King upon the Rhine the prime
Visier sat down before Belgrade Octob. 3. with 60000 Men. The Garrison consisted of 6000 Men well provided who made a Gallant Defence and killed abundance of Turks but on the 8th a Bomb falling into the Magazine blew it up with 1700 Germans going to Mount the Guard and set Fire to the other Magazines blew up part of the Walls and filled the Ditches so that the Enemy entred by whole Squadrons and put all to the Sword The Fire destroyed the Town and Castle and only the Governour with 300 of the Garrison escaped He was afterwards brought to his Tryal for not having done his part but acquitted Since that time the Turks have refortified this City It stands 165 Miles S. E. of Buda 160 S. W. of Hermanstadt 230 N. W. of Sofia 280 S. E. of Vienna and 540 almost W. of Constantinople Long. 42 d. 24 m. Lat. 45 d. 20 m. II. Semenbria Semenbria is a City and Bishoprick on the Danube 24 Miles E. of Belgrade The Turks took it in 1690. from the Imperialists III. Nissa Nissa is a very considerable City upon the River Nichawa It is strong by its situation capable of being improved and has five Mosques The Country round it is very fruitful and pleasant This City is memorable for the defeat of the Turks by the Imperialists on the 24th of September in 1689. under Prince Lewis of Baden whereupon all Servia and Albania submitted to the Emperor as did also the Town nextday after the Victory but it was retaken by the Turks in 1690. after a Siege of three Weeks It stands 140 Miles S. E. of Belgrade Long. 45 d. 5 m. Lat. 43 d. 53 m. IV. Scopia or Uscopia Scopia or Vscopia which Sanson places in Bulgaria is a large City at the foot of Mount Orbelus on the River Veratazar near the Borders of Macedonia partly on Hills partly on Plains in a pleasant Country It was at first a Bishop's See but is now an Archbishop's and is a pleasant populous and trading City There are in it 700 Tanners many fair Houses and some handsom Sepulchral Monuments The best Houses are richly furnished with Carpets to tread on finely painted This City in the Year 1689. was taken by Picolomini for the Emperor of Germany it being deserted by the Bassa and its Inhabitants The Germans said it was as big as Prague in Bohemia and had 60000 Inhabitants and 400 Jews but being open and only walled and taken late in the Year the Imperialists plunder'd it and burnt it down to the Ground It stands 60 Miles S. E. of Nissa 66 almost W. of Sofia and nigh 200 S. E. of Belgrade Long. 45 d. 48 m. Lat. 43 d. Article VIII Rascia SOme Geographers include Rascia in the Kingdom of Hungary others in Servia and others in Sclavonia I shall follow neither of them but make it a distinct Province according to Sanson's Maps Rascia is a Principality bounded on the N. by the River Drave that separates it from the Kingdom of Hungary on the E. by the Danube on the S. by the Save that divides it from Servia and Bosnia and on the W. by Sclavonia The Places of Note in Rascia are Peter Waradin Esseck Swernick I. Peter-Waradin Peter-Waradin or Petro-Waradin called by the Inhabitants Petrowar Lat. Acuminium or Petro-Varadin is situate on the Danube between the Save and the Drave and has been very famous during the present War The Turks made it their common passage into upper Hungary after the Emperors Forces had made themselves Masters of Buda and for that purpose kept a Bridge of Boats over the Danube here the Revolt and Mutiny against the prime Visier after the Battel of Mohats happened here whereby that General was forc'd to fly for his Life to Belgrade and thence to Constantinople It has since been taken and retaken by both Parties Its Fortifications were blown up by the Imperialists in 1688. and the Town quite burnt down a little after But the Emperor in 1691. begun to refortify it and intends to make it a place of great strength It stands 32 Miles N. W. of Belgrade and 36 S. E. of Esseck Long. 41 d. 55 m. Lat. 45 d. 38 m. II. Esseck Esseck is a Town upon the Drave which has been very famous in the Present Wars betwixt the Turks and Imperialists The Town stands low and the Streets are plank'd with Trees Upon one side of the Gate is a part of a Roman Inscription M. Aelian c. on the other a Man's head in Stone In or near this Place Constantius defeated Magnentius the Usurper and Murtherer of Constantine II. in 359. The Town is great and populous by reason of the Trade and Commerce but not strong and therefore the Turks have of late bestowed much cost and pains in fortifying it But that which is the great wonder is the Wooden Bridge 8585 Geometrical paces long and 17. broad running over the Drave over a long Marsh and the River Fenns from the City to the Fort of Darda which is on the other side in the lower Hungary It was built by Soliman the Magnificent in 1521. as soon as he had taken Belgrade and has Rails on both sides with Towers of Wood at every quarter of a Mile Count Nicholas Serini burnt part of it in 1664. which necessitated the Turks to build that part a little nearer the Danube because they could not without great charges and difficulty pluck up the remainder of the Trees which the Water had preserved from the Fire By this Bridge the Turkish Armies used to pass between Hungary and Constantinople Near this Place the Unfortunate Lewis King of Hungary was defeated in 1526. in attempting to stop Soliman's passage into his Kingdom Count Lessy burnt this Bridge a second time in 1685. and possess'd himself of the Town of Esseck but the Castle holding out he blew up their Magazines plunder'd the Town and left it In 1686. The Turks began to build it after another manner by driving rows of Trees into the Earth and filling up the space with Earth that it might not be subject to be ruin'd by Fire But the Duke of Lorrain destroyed it in 1687. drove the Turks over the Drave and in a few days entirely ruined what 8000 men had been many Months a Building After the taking of Belgrade the Turks sat down with an Army of 15000 Men before this place but retired without success in 1690. It stands 65 Miles N. W. of Belgrade and 100 S. E. of Buda Long. 41 d. 25 m. Lat. 46 d. 4 m. III. Swernick Swernick is a great City with a considerable Pass on the River Trina near the Confines of Bosnia 28 Miles E. of Saraiâ— It was taken by the Imperialists Octob. 15. 1688. Article IX Bosnia BOsnia or Bossina is a Province of Europe formerly a Kingdom Bounds It is situated betwixt the Rivers Vnna Save and Drina and took its name from the River Bosna It Borders Servia on the East Dalmatia on the South
Croatia on the West and Sclavonia and Rascia on the North. History This Country was anciently part of Pannonia conquered since by the Goths and at last by the Sclavonians Tributaries who becoming Tributaries and subjects to the Hungarians Bosnia had the same Fate It consisted then only of one Province which has since had Princes of its own Mahomet II. seized it in 1463. and Flead Stephen the last King of Bosnia In 1688. at the same time that the Duke of Bavaria marched to the Siege of Belgrade Prince Lewis of Baden went with a strong Detachment of Germans and Hungarians to the Conquest of Bosnia The Croatians having Orders to join with him the 14th of August his Army passed the River Vnna tho' the Bassa opposed him with 15000 Men after which he took Castanovitza which is a Castle of three strong Towers and a Wall according to the ancient way of Fortification and seated on the Vnna between Croatia and Bosnia which yielded without resistance The 15th the Army went towards Gradisca which was set on fire and deserted as was also Debitza and Jassenovitz and 3000 Turks were intercepted and cut off near the former The 25th he marched toward Brod the Croats being sent home in order to reinforce the Siege of Belgrade but finding the Bassa had still a considerable Body of Men he resolved to disperse them before he went The Bassa lay then at Terwent five Hungarian Miles from Brod and the 4th of September he marched towards him in the Night with a Body of 3000 German Horse without any Foot The 5th by break of Day they fell upon the Enemies Camp 15000 strong and defeated their Horse and of 7000 Foot which could not so well shift 5000 were slain and 2000 taken with the loss of 150 Christians upon which Bagnaluca the last Town yielded to Prince Lewis and since that the Germans are become Masters of all the other Places and have reconquered the whole Province The Principal places of this Province are Sari or Bosna Saray Cap. Iswornick Ternovitza Bagnialuck or Bagnaluca Kretno Jaickza or Yetze Debitza or Dobicza Jassenovitz Tina I. Sari Sari or Bosna-Saray is seated upon the River Miglazza and is accounted now the principal City of Bosnia which honour belong'd formerly to Jaitza and then to Warbosaum and stands 50 Miles S. W. of Peter-Waradin and 175 S. of Buda Long. 40 d. 15 m. Lat. 45 d. 10 m. II. Jaykza Jaycza Gieza or Gaitia formerly the Capital City of Bosnia is a mighty strong City and Castle seated on the River Plena This City was recovered by the King of Hungary in 1463. from the Turks who endeavoured to retake it the same year without success but they took it afterwards and made it the seat of a Sangiack or Governour It stands 42 Miles E. of Wihitz 60 almost N. of Bagnialuck 82 Miles N. E. of Zara and 154 almost S. of Buda Long. 39 d. 15 m. Lat. 45 d. 22 m. Article X. Sclavonia UNder the name of Sclavonia the ancients comprehended Hungary Sclavonia propria Croatia Ancient Extent Dalmatia Bosnia Servia Rascia and Bulgaria reaching from the River Drave to the Gulph of Venice Modern Bounds But by Sclavonia at present is only meant that part of the ancient Pannonia which is bounded by the Drave on the North Rascia on the East the Save on the South and Germany Extent on the West It is 32 German Miles in length and 12 in breadth It is said to have had its name from the Slavi an ancient People who came from Scythia in the time Name of the Emperor Justinian History and having seized Istria and all Grecia founded the Kingdom of Poland under Lechus and that of Moravia under Zechus Anno 550. they were beat out of Greece by Constantine And in 783. they were kept under by Lewis the Pious In 807. they embraced Christianity by the Preaching of one Methodius The Emperor Lewis II. had War with them about 858. as also the Emperor Otho in 960. They infested Canute and Sueno Kings of the Danes in the Xth Century but Walduner overcame them in 1161. Anno 1200. Canute the Dane overcame the Marquess of Brandenburg who had possest himself of Sclavonia and after this the Sclavonians became Tributaries to the Hungarians They were most of them of the Roman Church Religion Language but performed their Worship in their own Language which was formerly very extensive and spoken in more places than any other living Tongue in Europe and is yet tho' in different Dialects from the Adriatick Gulf to the Northern Ocean by the Istrians Dalmatians Bosnians Moravians Bohemians Lusatians Silesians Poles Lithuanians Prussians Scandinavians and Russians almost as far as Constantinople and much used among the Turks In 1504. this Country was subdued by Solyman the Magnificent Government in 1687. after the Turks were defeated at Mohatz their Army Mutiny'd against the Grand Visier and the Turks deserting it the whole Country except Gradisca submitted to the Emperor This Country is very fruitful and has many Mines Quality Manners the People are so enamoured with War that they often pray they may die with their Swords in their Hands The most remarkable Places here are Posega Gradisca Sopia Novigrad Kopranitz Warasdin Brodt I. Posega Posega the Capital City of Sclavonia is a Place of an indifferent strength but of great Commerce It has 400 Villages depending upon it and consists of about 1000 Houses The Country about it is very fruitful producing fruits of all sorts of an extraordinary size It was taken from the Turks by the Imperialists in 1687. The Bey made at first some resistance but after having fired some Cannon he abandoned the Place part of the Garrison retired to the Mountains and the rest into different places upon the Save The Germans found in it a great quantity of Ammunition and Provision with five Pieces of Cannon This City stands on the River Oriana 120 Miles S. of Buda 126 W. of Belgrade and 185 S. E. of Vienna Long. 39 d. 42 m. Lat. 45 d. 46 m. II. Gradisca Gradiska is a strong Town seated upon the River Save toward the Frontiers of Croatia It was taken from the Turks by the Imperialists under the Command of the Duke of Croy in 1691. It stands 30 Miles almost W. of Posega Long. 39 d. Lat. 45 d. 39 m. III. Brodt Brodt is a small Town 15 Miles S. of Posega famous for a Victory Prince Lewis of Baden gained over the Turks in 1688. Article XI Croatia CRoatia has the Title of a Kingdom and comprehended formerly all between the Drave and the Sea of Dalmatia Bounds and was divided into three parts but now that is called Croatia that lies between Bosnia on the East the Gulf of Venice on the South Germany on the West and Sclavonia on the North Croatia is called Krabatin by the Germans Name Manners and Corbavia in Latin The People of this Province are good
of the Castle are 17. Colums 18 Foot in circumference and proportionable in height the remainder of 300 which they say formerly belong'd to the Palace of Theseus Over the Portal yet intire is this Inscription in Greek This ancient City of Athens is certainly the City of Theseus And another within thus The City of Athens is the City of Adrian and not of Theseus Here is also the Fanari or Lantern of Demosthenes whether he retired to study in privacy It is a small Marble Tower with six Columns round it and a Lamp with branches over the Duomo which covers it whence perhaps it was called the Lantern supposed to have been dedicated to Hercules by the several Figures set in the Frises thereof combating in Lions Skins Here are also the Ruins of the Areopagus whose Glacis or Senate-House 40 paces long is supported by vast pieces cut out of the Rock and pointed like a Diamond In the midst thereof is a kind of Speakers Chair cut out of the Rock with Seats round it for the Senators Add to these the Remains of the Temple of Victory built after the Jonick Order where the Turks lay their Powder The Arsenal of Lycurgus and the Temple of Minerva both of the Dorick Order Setines was taken by Mahomet II. in 1455. but regain'd by the Venetians in 1687. It stands nigh the Gulph of Engia about 120 Miles almost N. of Misitra 160 S. E. of Larissa and 420 S. W. of Constantinople Long. 48 d. 20 m. Lat. 37 d. 25 m. II. Stives or Thebes Stives anciently called Thebes was once one of the most celebrated Cities of Greece the Capital of Baeotia the Birth place of Pindar who calls it Heptapyle by reason of its seven Gates and of the renowned General Epaminondas This City sustained great Wars against the Athenians Lacedaemonians and Macedonians it submitted to the last with reluctancy so that upon the report of Alexander the Great being Dead they revolted and sollicited their Neighbours to do the same but the Town being taken a second time it was quite destroyed not one House being left standing but that of Pindarus Cassander Antipater's Son repair'd it 20 years after and it had afterwards the Title of Archbishoprick but is now an inconsiderable Borough subject to the Turks The Venetians took it in 1687. and soon after left it again it stands 40 Miles N. W. of Setines or Athens III. Aulis Aulis is a City of Baeotia upon the Streight of Negropont famous for the Harbour that belongs to it where Agamemnon and all the Grecian Captains rendezvouz'd before they set Sail for Troy IV. Marathon Marathon called at this Day Marathona or Marason is a small Town in Attica It is famous for the Victory which 12000 Athenians under the Command of Miltiades obtained over the Persian Army of above 500000 Men Anno Rom. 264. towards the end of September V. Livadia Livadia is a Town and Castle of Achaia from which all that Principality is now called Livadia It is subject to the Turks and stands 70 Miles W. of Athens or Setines VI. Megara Megara called by the Turks Megra the Birth-place of Euclides was anciently a famous City built upon two Rocks but now one is Desolate and the other has but about 3 or 400 pitiful Cottages built one story high and close together the Walls of which are but the Ruins of the former Houses or a few Fagots covered with Clay A place at first Capital of a Monarchy under the Reign of 12 Kings than a Republick which maintained divers Wars with the Athenians and others and established a Colony in the Island of Sicily VII Delphos Delphos or Delphes is a little Village of Phocis under Mount Parnassus famous in ancient History for the Temple of Apollo whence he pronounced his Oracles VIII Lepanto Lepanto Lat. Naupactus is a City of Aetolia now Livadia a Country of Achaia called by the Turks Einebachri seated near the entrance of the Western Bay of Corinth now called the Gulph of Lepanto This City is built on the South-side of a Mountain formed like a Sugar Loaf on the top of which is a strong Castle surrounded with four strong Walls set at some distance one above the other between which Walls the Inhabitants have their Houses and by them the City is divided into four Parts The Port is very handsome and beautiful and may be secured by a Chain The Mouth of it is so strait it will hold but a few Ships and those cannot go out and in at sometimes neither for want of Water The Country round this City is pleasant and full of delightful Gardens The Wine of Lepanto is the best of all Greece but they pitch their Vessels as they do generally over all Morea and at Athens to preserve the Wine as the Germans and Hollanders are wont to Sulphurate them for the same purpose which renders the Taste at first somewhat disagreeable to Strangers The Turks have five or six Mosques here and the Greeks have two Churches one in each Suburb tho' but very small and they but few in number and ill treated for which reason their Archbishop kept his residence at Marta The Jews have three Synagogues there The Chiefest Commodities of the Place are Leather Oyl Wheat Tobacco Rice and Barley but the most considerable of all the rest is Turkey Leather In 1408. this City was under the Empire of Greece but Emanuel then Emperor assigned it to the Venetians who took care to fortifie it as it is now In 1475. Mahomet the Great the same that took Constantinople having gained Corinth besieged it with an Army of 30000 Men but was forced to raise the Siege but in 1498. Bajazet II. attack'd it with an 150000 Men and took it by the Treachery of the Venetian Governour whom he had corrupted with Money In 1687. The Venetians having in the foregoing years almost beat the Turks out of all the Morea their General Morosini landed near Patras notwithstanding all the opposition of the Seraskier whom he fought and defeated on the 24th of July and having taken Patras and the Dardanel Castle on that side he crossed to the other to Lepanto where he found the Turks making haste to empty the Place for him whereupon he took possession of it with out striking a blow and found in it 120 Pieces of Brass Cannon Lepanto stands 100 Miles S. E. of Prevesa 140 W. of Setines and 480 S. W. of Constantinople Long. 45 d. 30 m. Lat. 37 d. 25 m. IX Dardanels of Lepanto At the Entrance of the Gulph of Lepanto are two Capes about 13 or 14 Miles S. W. of Lepanto that which joins to Morea is called by the Ancients Anthirium Promontorium now adays Cape Antirio and has a little Fortress called the Castle of Morea or of Patras The other that joins to Achaia is called by Strabo Rhium Promontorium vulgarly Cape Rio and has also a little Fort called Castle of Romelia These two Castles are also called Dardanels of Lepanto
in allusion to those of the Hellespont Their Figure is square environed with strong Walls mounted with good Cannon even with the Water All the Commodities that go out of the Gulph of Lepanto pay here a Toll which comes to about 3 per Cent. The Famous Sea-Fight of Lepanto in 1571. It was near the Gulph of Lepanto that a famous Sea-Fight was fought against the Turks Octob. 2. 1571. in which they lost above 30000 Men being the most bloody defeat they ever met with since the first establishment of their Empire Besides the slaughter the Christians took 5000 Prisoners amongst whom were the two Sons of Haly General of the Turkish Fleet. They took also 130 Galleys stranded burnt or sunk 90. and redeemed near 20000 Christian-Slaves Neither was the Booty less considerable for their Fleet pillaged all the Isles thereabouts and took many Merchant-Men This Battel was fought in the same Gulph were Augustus defeated Marck-Anthony and it is hard to say which of both was the most Glorious Victory The Christians lost 8000 Men the most considerable whereof was Barbarigo Commander of the left Wing The Christian Commander in chief in this Signal Combat was Don-John of Austria natural Brother to Philip II. King of Spain CHAP. VI. Morea MOrea is a Peninsule in vulgar English a Demi-Island bounded Bounds on the North by the Isthmus or neck of land of Corinth that joins it to Achaia and by the Gulph of Lepanto and on the other sides by the Mediterranean Sea called Mare d' Jonia on the West Mare de Sapienza or of Candia on the South and Mare Egeo on the East It lies betwixt the 34 d. 40 m. and the 37 d. 30 m. of Northern Latitude Situation and betwixt the 44 d. 50 m. and the 48 d. 30 m. of Longitude being in length about 170 Miles from Castel-Tornese Tornese to the Cape of Schili about 160 in breadth from Corinth to Cape Matapan and in circumference about 550. This Country has had several Names Name it was anciently called first Argo or Argos from one of its Principal Cities afterwards Aegialeia from Aegialus a King of the Sicyonians afterwards Apia from Apis third King of Argos Then Peloponnesus from Pelops Son of Tantalus King of the Phrygians and at last Morea Authors differ much about the derivation of this name some think that it's shape like a Mulberry-Trees Leaf Lat. Morus and in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 made the last Emperours of Constantinople call it Morea Others derive it from the Word Romea which by a transposition of Letters was changed into that of Morea It being certain that as long as Constantinople was subject to the Roman Emperors that City was called New Rome and those of that Country Romeans as much to say Romans Doglioni is of another opinion and thinks the Moors gave their name to this Peninsula when they made Incursions into it There is no Country in Europe that can be parallell'd to this Peninsula Quality It s Air is clear wholesome and temperate It Soil Fertile and abounding with Corn Wine Olives and all manner of Fruits the most exquisite in the World and its Mountains full of Game and Medicinal Plants The Inhabitants Inhabitants are accounted Witty and Couragious There are in this Peninsula several famous Mountains Mountains viz. Foloe now Dimizana Cyllene Liceus Parthenius Meralus Sepia Cronia now Grevenos Mintia or Mente now Olonos Neris Nonacris Taigetus now Orta Of all these Mountains Cyllene is accounted the highest and Taigetus the most considerable as being full of Deer Bears Wild-Boars c. All these Mountains have been celebrated by the ancient Greek and Latin Poets The Principal Rivers Rivers in this beautiful Country are 1. The River Carbon formerly called Orsea Alpheus or Alpehius and Strimphalus or Nyctymus Fluvius so much famed for its Virtue of taking away the spots and blemishes of the Skin which besides 140 Torrents or Brooks receives the Rivers Celadon Erimanthus and Amarinthe The Poets feigned that it ran under the Sea into Sicily to be joined with the Waters of the Spring Arethusa because it goes often under the Ground and comes out always with more strength 2. Vasili Potamos formerly Eurotas Iris Hemerus and Marthaton which rises at the same place where the River Carbon has its Source and washing Misitra discharges it self in the Gulf of Colchine 3. Planizza formerly Inachus Haliaemon and Cravamor 4. Spirnazza formerly Stomius Pomylus and Panysus discharges it self into the Gulf of Coron near Calamata There are also the Rivers Linceus Astoria or Stella and Erasin which run with rapidity all along the Mount Stymphalus As also the Styx that flows at the foot of Mount Nonacris and which the Poets have feign'd to be a River of Hell because its Water tho' clear and agreeable to the sight is most fatal to those that drink it Peloponnesus after several Revolutions fell into the Hands of Emanuel a Greek Emperor about 1150. who at his Death having divided his Empire among his Seven Sons was thereby the Cause of its Ruin These Princes were called Despotes that is Lords or Governours they depended upon the Emperor both as to their Government and Election otherwise they were absolute and their Dignity almost Hereditary for it seldom hapned that the Emperor chused any Successor to the late Despote but his Son Brother or near Relation Constantine sirnamed Dragares Brother of Theodorus II. was Despote when Amurat made an Irruption into Morea The Greek Emperor stopt his fury by the Promise of a yearly Tribute Some time after Constantine being Crowned Emperor at Constantinople divided Morea between his two Brothers Demetrius and Thomas The Turks under Mahomet II. under the pretence of assisting Demetrius against Thomas took occasion of their Divisions to Invade their Estates and the Places the Venetians possessed in Morea which they accomplished without much Resistance after the Death of General Bertoldo d'Este whom the Republick had sent with a good Army to oppose them Since that the Turks kept here a Governour with the Title of Sangiac or Morabegi that is Lord of Morea under the Beglerbey of Greece This Sangiac made his ordinary Residence at Modon Morea is now under the Venetians since 1687. General Morosini having Reconquered the best Places in it viz. Patras Lepanto Castel-Tornese Corinth Misitra Napoli di Romania c. as you shall see in the particular Articles of each of those Towns he caused all the Churches that were Mosques before to be reconsecrated so that many Greek Families have left Achaia to settle in Morea and more than 12000 Inhabitants have resorted thither This Peninsule has at different times been variously divided Division In Pausanias's time it had but three Regions viz. 1. That of the Arcadians 2. That of the Achaians and 3. Lastly That of the Dorians After this Ptolomy and others divided it into Eight Parts viz. 1. Achaia Proper 2. Arcadia 3. Argia
Country digged it into an Island It is 70 Italian Miles in Compass abounds with Corn Wine Oyl Tobacco and all manner of Fruits This Island has 30 Villages and the City of Santa Maura which is environ'd by the Sea betwixt Lefcade and the Continent and is joined to this by several little Islands which communicate to one another by Bridges and by an Aqueduct supported by 360 Arches Its Walls are of an Eptogonal irregular figure flank'd with five great Towers to the East it has an Harbour called Damata General Morosini made himself Master of it in July 1684. IV. Cefalonia The Island of Cesalonia was formerly called Melena by some Samo or Same Dulichio Tilebi Casso and Chieffali by others It lies on the S. of Corfu and is 170 Italian Miles in compass It is very fruitful in Corn and Fruits The Trees bear twice in the year and the Wheat they sow in the spring is reap'd in June There grow also Lemons of an extraordinary bigness and great quantities of Raisins which are transported into England Besides several Villages and Boroughs there is a City that has the same name with the Island and the Fortress of Asso The CIty of Cephalonia is a Bishop's See its Cathedral is an Annex of that of Zanteg it is the Seat of the Governour who is a Noble Venetian with the Title of Proveditor The Fortress of Asso was built by the Venetians in 1595. on a very high steep Rock surrounded with the Sea so that it is accounted inaccessible The Fortifications are raised according to its Situation which is very Irregular this Fortress is joined to the Island of Cefalonia by a Neck of Land about 20 Paces broad This Island was freely given to the Venetians in 1224 by one â—ajus its Lord and Governour V. Teacchi Teacchi called Itaca by Strabo and Pliny Nericia Val di Compagno Val di Compare Cephalonia Picciola by others Tiachi by the Greeks and Phiacchi by the Turks lies on the N. E. of Cefalonia from which it is separated by a Channel 20 Italian Miles long and five broad This Island is famous in Antiquity for being the Country of Vlysses and the Residence of the Chast Penelope during the Siege of Troy The Inhabitants are 15000 in number which are Governed by one of the Citizens of Cefalonia sent thither every year with the Title of Capitan of Teacchi VI. Zante Zante was called Zacyn thus by the Ancients The North of this Island is full of Craggy steep Rocks but to the South it has fine delightful Plains covered with Fruit-Trees of all sorts Besides a great number of Villages there is a Town and Castle that bears the name of the Island with the Title of a Bishoprick and the ordinary residence of the Governour or Proveditor of the Island who is a Noble Venetian He has two Counsellors under him and the Place of all three lasts two years The Castle is built on a Hill that commands all the Island at the foot of the Town which stretches along the Sea side the space of two Miles They make there vast quantities of Raisins strong racy Wines and most excellent Oyls to the value of 50000 Ducats per An. Most of the Inhabitants are Grecians who profess the Greek Religion the Latins including the Soldiers make but an inconfiderable number There are about 3000 Jews who have there three Synagogue and thrive a very great Trade There are also some English Merchants most of them Protestant This Island is subject to frequent Earth-quakes which is the reason why they built their Houses generally but one Story high There are in this Island several Greek Churches and Religious Houses to the number of 44. under the Government of a Bishop who is to be chosen by the Greek Curates of all the Island None are admitted to that Dignity but those who have profest the Monastical Life of St. Basil which is the reason why there are here so many Houses of that Order The Bishop has no Revenue besides the free Gifts of the People and his Fees for Ordination both which amount to a considerable sum of Money This Island was sold to the Republick of Venice by Robert Tarente in 1350. with several other Islands VII Strivales Islands The Strivales are two little Islands called by Seamen Stamfane and by the Ancients Strophades Strivali Stromphides and Calydnes They stand low and almost reach to the Water their Haven is 50 Italian Miles distant from Cefalonia They are very small the greatest of the two not being above four Miles in Compass Yet they yield great quantity of Grapes out of which extraordinary good Wine is made There are no other Inhabitants but a sort of Monks called Caloyers who have Built their Convent like a Fortress defended with good Cannon to secure themselves from the Assaults of the Turks These Islands are famous in the Ancient Poets who feign'd them to be the Dwelling-place of the Harpies Article II. Islands in the Sea of Sapienza and Candia THere are in these Seas but three little Islands and two great ones called Cerigo and Candia The first of the three is called Sphagia or Sphateria or Sfragia vulgarly of Sapienza The second is called Cabrera or Fuschella or Teganuse and Cauriera The third is called Venetico Near these Islands are many Rocks where the Pyrates of Barbary use to watch the Merchant-Men which come out of the Gulf of Venice or from Sicily I. Cerigo Cerigo is an Island of the Sea of Sapienza in the Gulf of Colochina about six Miles distant from the Continent It was formerly called Cytherea Porphyrusa and Schothera It is 60 Italian Miles in Compass The City that bears the Name of the Island has the Title of a Bishoprick Both Art and Nature have contributed to make it strong It is Built upon a high craggy Rock on the Sea-side with good Bastions tho' irregular defended with Cannon At the foot of this Fortress there is a Haven not much frequented because it is narrow and exposed to the Winds But 12 Miles from this Port there is another large commodious and safe This Island abounds with Fowl but yields but little Corn Wine and Oyl so that Provisions are here extraordinary dear Here are many Villages but of little or no consideration There are also some Monasteries of Hiero-Monachi and Caloyers Amongst the others there is one Built upon a very high steep Rock on the right side and pretty near the Fortress for which the Inhabitants have a great Veneration by the perswasion they have that St. John began there his Book of Revelations This Island is also famous in the Fables of the Ancients for being either the Birth-place or the Residence of Venus during her Youth to whom they had Dedicated a Temple in the Eastern part of the Island under the Name of Citherea This Island is subject to the Venetians who send thither every other Year one of their Nobles with the Title of Castellain and Proveditor II. Candia
abounds with Corn Rosin Pit-coal and Spunges which the Inhabitants Transport to Athens Over-against the Coast of Athens there is a small Borough of 20 Houses called Ambelachi with a little Harbour four or five Miles from this Village was the Ancient City of Salimene a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Athens III. Negropont Negropont is an Island of the Archipelago separated from Achaia by Euripus It was of old called Eubaea and Chalcis the Turks call it Egribos and the Inhabitants Egripos Some Authors tell us that this Island formerly was part of Baeotia a Province of Achaia from whence it was separated by an Earthquake It is 365 Miles in Compass 90 in length from S. to N. and 40 in breadth It s two most noted Capes are Cabo Figera or Cabo d'Oro formerly called Caphareus and Cabo Lithar This Island is very fruitful and abounds in all Provisions There is the Mountain of Caristo famous for its excellent Marble and the Stone Amiantos or Asbestos whereof they make a kind of Linnen which is made clean by casting it into the Fire as being incombustible This Island produces Cotton enough to furnish Sails for a whole Fleet. There are two Rivers in it Similio and Cereo the first of which makes the Fleeces of the Sheep white and the other makes them black if the Poets may be credited The Governour of this Isle is now a Captain Bassa who has the Command also of Achaia During the Government of Doge Pietro Ziani the Emperor of Constantinople bestowed this Island upon the Republick of Venice but they lost it in 1469. The Capital City has the same Name with the Isle and is sometimes called Euripont from Euripus on whose Banks it is seated towards the Continent of Achaia 45 N. of Setines 130 almost S. E. of Larissa and 380 S. W. of Constantinople Long. 48 d. 25 m. Lat. 38 d. 20 m. It is joined to Achaia by a Draw-bridge which leads to a great Tower formerly Built by the Venetians in the Euripus from whence they pass to the Continent by a Stone-bridge of five little Arches This City is about two Miles in compass but the Suburbs which are Inhabited by Greek Christians are more populous than the City where none but Turks and Jews dwell All the Inhabitants are said to amount to the number of 15000 of which 10000 are Christians There are four Mosques one whereof was formerly the Cathedral Church Dedicated to St. Mark and was under the Archbishop of Athens The Jesuits have a House in the Suburbs where they teach Youth The Turks Attack'd this Place in June 1469. with a Fleet of 300 Sail and an Army of 120000 Men Mahomet II. being present the Besieged over-powered by numbers were fain to give way after a Gallant Defence The Proveditor Erizzo upon the Turks entring the City retrenched himself and did not Surrender till the Sultan had promised him his Life but he broke his Promise and caused him to be Sawed through in the midst He had a Daughter called Anne who beeause of her Beauty was presented to Mahomet but she disdaining his Caresses incensed him to that degree that he cut off her Head with his own Hand Afterwards the Turks exercised all manner of Cruelties upon the Garrison and the Inhabitants of the City putting all to the Sword above 20 Years old In 1688. the Venetians Besieged this City with 24000 Men and Storm'd it twice but without Success Of Euripus EVripus is an Arm of the Sea between Achaia and Negropont so narrow just over-against the Capital City of the Island that a single Galley can hardly pass between the Cittadel and Tower of the Venetians The Ancients called it Euripus Euboicus the Natives call it Egripos and the Italians Stretto di Negroponte This Channel has its Ebbs and Flows like the Ocean but still with some particular Differences Aristotle was so puzzled to find out the Reason of the Flux and Reflux of the Euripus that he is said to have cast himself headlong into it tho' others affirm that he Poyson'd himself and others still that he died of a Cholick AN Alphabetical TABLE OF All the Cities Towns Castles c. Described in this Book A. ABarino or Navarino Pag. 253 Acqui Pag. 152 Aelst or Alost Pag. 14 Aerschot Pag. 39 Agnetlin or Agnabat Pag. 194 Agramunt Pag. 159 Agria Pag. 175 Aire or Arien Pag. 69 Aix Pag. 127 Aix la Chapelle Pag. 114 Alba Giulia or Weissemburg Pag. 193 Alba Regalis Pag. 186 Albe Pag. 151 Alesco or Alessio Pag. 228 Albanopoli Pag. 230 Alost or Aelst Pag. 14 Altemburg Pag. 194 Altemburg or Owar Pag. 189 St. Amand Pag. 20 Amphipolis or Emboli Pag. 234 Andernach Pag. 108 Annecy Pag. 132 Antivari Pag. 220 228 Antwerp Pag. 35 Aoust or Aost Pag. 134 Ardenburg Pag. 22 Argos Pag. 259 Arien or Aire Pag. 69 Arlon Pag. 55 Armentiers Pag. 20 Armiro Pag. 236 Arras Pag. 66 Arschot or Aerschot Pag. 39 Ast or Asti Pag. 137 At h Pag. 67 Athens or Setines Pag. 239 Avesnes Pag. 60 Avesnes le Comte Pag. 70 Aulis Pag. 242 B. BAboisca or Baboliza Pag. 189 Bacharach Pag. 90 Baden Pag. 84 Balaguer Pag. 158 Bapaume Pag. 68 Bar Pag. 195 Barcelona Pag. 156 Barcelonnete Pag. 146 Bastia or Bastick Pag. 231 Bastoigne Pag. 55 Bataseck Pag. 190 Bavay Pag. 60 Beaumont Pag. 60 Beila Pag. 135 Belgrade in Servia Pag. 203 Bergen-op-Zoom Pag. 26 Berg St. Winoch Pag. 17 Bestercze or Bistricia Pag. 194 Bethune Pag. 69 Bialogrod Pag. 198 Binch Pag. â—8 Bingen Pag. 97 Birkenfeld Pag. 95 Bistricia Pag. 194 Boisleduc Pag. 24 Bonneville Pag. 129 Bonn Pag. 106 Boppart Pag. 101 Bouchain Pag. 59 Bouillon Pag. 45 Bovines Pag. 50 Braine le Comte Pag. 62 Braclaw Pag. 196 Brasgow Pag. 199 Breda Pag. 25 Brey Pag. 47 Brisac Pag. 82 Brodt Pag. 211 Brodrogh Pag. 180 Bruges Pag. 11 Brussels Pag. 30 Buda or Offen Pag. 181 Budoa Pag. 219 Burich Pag. 112 C. CAlamata Pag. 253 Calcar Pag. 112 Caminitza Pag. 250 Cambray Pag. 63 Caminieck or Kaminieck Pag. 195 Campredon Pag. 160 Caâ—et Pag. 163 Candia Pag. 269 Canisa or Kanisca Pag. 187 Cardona Pag. 159 Carignan Pag. 139 Carmagnola Pag. 143 Casal Pag. 150 Caschaw or Cassovia Pag. 175 Caseloutre or Keiserslautern Pag. 90 Cassel Pag. 19 Castanovitza Pag. 214 Castel-Nuovo Pag. 218 Castel-Tornese Pag. 250 Cattaro Pag. 219 Caub Pag. 90 Ceva Pag. 139 Chambery Pag. 126 Charlemont Pag. 50 Charleroy Pag. 50 Chasteau-Cambresis Pag. 65 Cefalonia Pag. 264 Chiarenza Pag. 249 Chiery or Quiers Pag. 140 Chilafa or Chielafa Pag. 256 Chimay Pag. 60 Chimera Pag. 232 Chiney Pag. 45 Chonad Pag. 180 Cinq Eglises Pag. 188 Clausenburg Pag. 193 Cleves Pag. 110 Clissa Pag. 217 Coblentz Pag. 100 Collioure Pag. 164 Colmar Pag. 80 Colocza Pag. 176 Cologne Pag. 103 Conde Pag. 58 Coni Pag. 140 Corfu Pag. 263 Corinth or Gerame Pag. 259 Coron Pag. 252 Courtray Pag. 18 Crevecoeur Pag. 65 Creutznach Pag. 90 Croia Pag. 229 Cronstadt or
Long. 21 d. 37 m. Lat. 51 d. 2 m. VII Courtray Courtray or Cortrick Lat. Corteriacum and Cortracum is seated on the River Lys it is thought that in Caesar's time it was under the Jurisdiction of the Nervians and Tournisians Philip the Bald Built a Castle in it and others have added other Fortifications at different times The French by their too great precipitation lost a Battel here in 1302. and because they of Courtray kept an Anniversary to Celebrate the Memory of that happy Day it was Plunder'd and Burnt in 1382. Some time after it was Rebuilt again and is now pretty considerable for its Commerce good Citadel and great Territories The River Lys divides it in two The French took it in 1646. and the Spaniards retook it in the Year after Lewis XIV made himself master of it in 1667. and kept it by the Treaty of Aix La Chapelle in 1668. and Fortified it regularly but being afterwards given to the Spaniards by the Treaty of Nimeguen in 1678. and retaken again by the French they Dismantled it before they restor'd it to the Spaniards by the Truce of 1684. The French took it again in _____ It stands 12 Miles N. E. of Lille 14 N. W. of Tournay and 180 W. of Paris Long. 16. d. 45 m. Lat. 49 d. 9 m. VIII Douay Douay Lat. Duacum on the River Scharpe was the Chief Town of the Country of the Catagues mention'd in Caesar's Commentaries as 't is thought Pbilip II. King of Spain founded its University in 1563. which is a Seminary for the English Roman Catholicks It is of considerable strength and has a Magazine very well furnished It is likewise considerable for its extent ancient Buildings and September's Fair. The Fort stands about a Cannon shot below the Town upon the Scharpe and judged by its Situation among Marshes by means of its Sluces whereby it can drown all the Country about to be impregnable The Chief Trade of this Town consists in fine Woolen Camlets sent into many Parts The French are Masters of it since 1667. It stands 13 Miles almost N. of Cambray and 34 W. of Mons. Long. 22 d. 12 m. Lat. 50 d. 24 m. IX Furnes Furnes which the Flemings call Wernen is a well Built and pleasant Town tho' but small The Canals support the Trade of the Town which consists in Linnen and other Manufactures The City is dignified with the Title of a Viscountship and the Jurisdiction of a Lord Castellain It was three times taken and now Fortified by the French and at length resign'd to that Crown by the Peace of Aix La Chapelle in 1668. It was taken by the English in 1692. and retaken by the French in 1693. It stands not far off Sea Five Miles S. W. of Newport and 12 nigh E. of Dunkirk Long. 21 d. 50 m. Lat. 51 d. 8 m. X. Dixmude Dixmude or Dixmuyde is situated on the Confluent of the River Ypre and another small Stream It is not very large but is reckoned a Place of importance and Famous for a great Fair in July It has often changed its Masters The English took it and new Fortified it in 1692. The French retook it the Year after It stands Nine Miles N. of Ypres and 20 E. of Dunkirk Long. 22 d. 8 m. Lat. 51 d. 6 m. XI Cassel Cassel or Mont-Cassel Lat. Castellum and Castellum Morinorum is an ancient Town situated on a Mountain It is well Fortified and has a considerable Jurisdiction and two Famous Fairs one in January the other in August King Philip Augustus took it in 1213. and it was taken and retaken since upon several occasions The French are Masters of it since 1677. It stands by the River Fene 15 Miles S. of Dunkirk Long. 21 d. 39 m. Lat. 50 d. 57 m. XII Orchies Orchies is an ancient and considerable Town called by Ptolomy the Capital of the Atrebatii It stands between Tournay and Doway 10 Miles off each Long. 22 d. 26 m. Lat. 50 d. 34 m. XIII St. Amand. St. Amand Lat. Elno is seated on the River Scharpe and is Famous for the Abbey of St. Amand where died the Saint of that Name Abbatia Sancti Almandi Elnonensis The French have been in Possession of it ever since 1667. The Forest of St. Amand beginning on the Frontiers of Flanders and extending it self in the County of Hainault near to Valenciennes was cut down by Order of Lewis XIV in 1676. after his taking of Conde and Bouchain St. Amand before the French dismantled it was a Place of great strength the River Scharpe on which it stands falls a little lower into the Schelde the Lands that lye between the two Rivers are called the Isles of St. Amand. This Town lyes 16 Miles N. E. of Doway and 40 S. of Ghent Long. 22 d. 42 m. Lat. 50 d. 27 m. XIV Armentiers Armentiers Lat. Armentariae stands on the Lys and is considerable for its strength and Linnen Manufactory and Trade It has been often taken and retaken in this last Age. The Archduke Governour of the Low-Countries in 1647. took it from the French who not long after became Masters of it again and still are in Possession of it by the Treaty of Aix La Chapelle It lyes Seven Miles almost W. of Lille 32 S. E. of Dunkirk and 40 S. W. of Ghent Long. 22 d. 8 m. Lat. 50 d. 45 m. Chief Towns in Flanders belonging to the Hollanders I. Sluys SLuys Lat. Slusa or Clusa is a Sea-port Town over against the little Island Cadsant or Guisant It formerly belonged to the Counts of Nemours descended from the Counts of Flanders and then fell into the Possession of the French Philip the Bold King of France kept a strong Garison here to curb those of Bruges and Charles VI. Built a Fleet here against England The Emperor Maximilian I. took it afterward in whose Family it remain'd some time During the Wars of the Netherlands the Prince of Parma took it for the King of Spain and the Dutch retook it in 1604. under the Conduct of Prince Maurice which they look'd upon as a sufficient Compensation for the loss of Ostend and thereupon Coin'd a Medal with this Motto Jehova plus dedit quam amisimus God gave us more than we lost The Defence of the Besieged was very memorable for they held it out for three Months till such time that they were out of all hopes of relief and had eat up all the Leather Mice Rats c. which they could find The Dutch Fortified the Haven and Town which they repeopled with the Inhabitants of Ostend who came thither after the Surrender of that Place But on a Treaty of Peace it was afterwards dismantled It is now very strong but thinly Inhabited and nothing near so Rich as formerly its Trade being removed first to Bruges and from thence to Antwerp It has still the largest Haven in all Flanders being capable of 500 good Ships This Town stands 22 Miles N. W. of Ghent 10
difficult lying all along upon the edge of the Rock From one side thereof to the other the Gate of the Town over which are the Governours Lodgings spreads it self and quite locks up and commands the whole passage Here was before a very strong Castle The Hollanders took this City in 1632. but the Spaniards recovered it again In 1675. the French surprized it and being forc'd to leave it in 1677. they destroyed the Castle which now lyes in Rubbish Limburg stands 19 Miles almost E. of Liege Long. 25 d. 30 m. Lat. 50 d. 28 m. II. Dalem Dalem is a small but strong Town and Castle on the River Bervin with a large Territory depending upon it Henry II. Duke of Brabant took this Town and United it to his Dominions it is now subject to the Hollanders and stands Seven Miles N. E. of Liege and 15 N. W. of Limburg Long. 25 d. 5 m. Lat. 50 d. 45 m. III. Valkenburg Valkenburg or Vauguemont is a strong Town in Limburg on the River Geul and subject to the Hollanders tho' said to belong to the Bishop of Liege It is large and indifferent neatly built as well as tollerably fortified The Castle stands on a steep Rock and is inaccessible and impregnable to an Enemy that brings not Canon along with him Yet in the year 1672. upon the news of the French coming it was immediately quitted The French took it in 1676. and restored it in 1679. by the Treaty of Nimeguen It stands 11 Miles E. of Maestricht 17 N. E. of Liege and 21 N. of Limburg Long. 25 d. 18 m. Lat. 50 d. 53 m. IV. Rolduck Rolduck is an old little Town and Castle with the Title of County subject to the Hollanders it stands 13 Miles E. of Valkenburg Long. 25 d. 34 m. Lrt. 50 d. 52 m. V. Remborg Remborg is also a little Town on the borders of Juliers and Territory of Rolduck subject to the Hollandes It stands 12 Miles E. of Valkenburg Long. 25. d. Lat. 50 d. 57 m. Article VII Of the Bishoprick of Liege Leodiensis Ditio THIS Country has part of the Dutchy of Gelderland and Brabant on the North. Bounds Part of Brabant and the County of Namur on the West The County of Luxemburg on the South And the Dutchies of Limburg and Juliers on the East It is extended about 70 Miles South-West and North-East and about 35 West and East Extent It is a part of the Circle of Westphalia in Germany tho' annexed to these Provinces The Air is here very temperate The Valleys produce plenty of Grass Quality The Plains abound with Corn the Hills are thick set with Vines the Mountains have their Quarries of Marble and Mines of Lead Iron and Brimstone beside Pit-coal in abundance The Forrests afford great store of Venison The Bishop is Lord of the Country and Prince of the Empire Government tho' as Bishop he be under the Archbishop of Cologne he has also the Title of Duke of Bouillon Marquis of Franchimont and Count of Loots and Hasbain which are all Lordships in this Bishoprick Besides that Cities it contains 52 Baronies a great number of Abbeys 24 Walled Towns and above 1500 Villages Villages The Chief Rivers are 1. The Meuse which here washes Dinant Huy Liege Maestricht Stochem and Maeseyck Rivers and runs into Gelderland 2. The Demer which here washing Bilsen and Haffelt runs into Brabant 3. The Jecker which washes Tongres and falls into the Maes at Maestricht 4. Wesdres which washes Viviers and falls into the Maes at Maestricht Besides these there are eleven small Rivers The Chief Cities are Liege Bish Cap. Huy Chiney Thuin Bouillon Dinant Walcourt Florennes Horn. Hamont Brey Maseick Herk St. Truyen Tongres I. Liege Liege or Luick Lat. Laodium Laodicum and sometimes Legia is situated on the left side of the Meuse a little below the place where Ourt runs into it with a Bishops See Suffragant of the Archbishop of Cologne It is a free Imperial City built in a pleasant Valley surrounded with Woods and Hills amongst sweet springs which fall down from them and the little Rivers of Vte Vese and Ambluat which fall into the Maes before it enters this City The publick buildings as the Bishops Palace the Churches and Bridges are very sumptuous and magnificent There are a great number of Abbeys and Religious Houses and eight Collegiate Churches The Cathedral dedicated to St. Lambert is famous for its Chapter to which no Canon can be admitted except he be noble by Birth or by learning that is except he be a Gentleman or a Doctor The Bishops See was first at Tongres from thence removed to Maestricht and by St. Hubert successor of St. Lambert the Martyr setled at Liege A vast part of the Town within the Walls is not built but employed in Vineyards and Orchards which are very fruitful It is supposed by some to have been built by Amborix a German Prince mention'd by Julius Caesar It suffered much from the Normans and from one of the Dukes of Brabant who took it and plundered it in 1212. In the XVth Century John D. of Burgundy taking advantage of their disagreement in the Election of a Bishop grievously afflicted it in 1409. killing 36000 of them in a Battel and entring into the City caused the Chief of those that had opposed him to be cast into the Meuse After this in 1468. Charles Duke of Burgundy again took the City his Souldiers committing intolerable outrages against the Inhabitants In this last Age it has been ill treated by its Bishops and the French taking it by surprise in 1675. the next year after ruined the Castle In 1688. the Baron of Elderen Great Dean of the Cathedral was chosen Bishop and Prince of Liege by Plurality of Votes in opposition to the Cardinal of Furstemberg and has repaired the old Fortifications and added new ones Liege stands 30 Miles almost N. E. of Namur and 54 East of Brussels Long. 25 d. Lat. 50 d. 42 m. II. Huy Huy Lat. Hugum and Hugonum is a Town and Castle on the River Meuse near the Place where the River Huy runs into it which gives the name to the Town 'T is divided by the Meuse into two parts and is reputed very ancient It had particular Earls who gave it to the Bishops of Liege It has suffered much in the late Wars In 1692. the French sat before it but soon left the Enterprise the next year they besieg'd and carried it in a few days It stands 14 Miles almost S. W. of Liege and 17 almost N. E. of Namur Long. 24 d. 35 m. Lat. 50 d. 36 m. III. Chiney Chiney is a small Town on the Borders of Namur subject to the French ever since 1681. It stands 14 Miles S. E. of Namur Long. 24 d. 26 m. Lat. 50 d. 23 m. IV. Thuin Thuin is a little Town on the River Sambre and in le pays entre Sambre Meuse it is subject to the French
acknowledged Philip II. of Spain but the Archbishop made such Complaints and shewed such Reasons that the King was satisfied with being Master of the Cittadel and Protector of the Country and left all other Jurisdiction to that Prelate The Spaniards Fortified this Town very well and kept such a strong Garison in it that it was look'd upon to be impregnable Yet the King of France took it in 1677. The great Cittadel is upon a heighth which commands all the Town the Ditch is wrought in a Rock The Ramparts of the Town are also Environed with deep Ditches chiefly to the East defended with many good Bastions It reaches to the River and has another good Fort to defend it of that side which lying low may be soon drowned by drawing the Sluces The Chapter of this City is one of the most considerable of the Low Countries consisting of 48 Canons and 95 Ecclesiasticks which Officiate in our Lady's Church It 's affirmed that Diogenes a Grecian by Nation was the first Prelate of Cambray sent into France by Pope Siricius about 408. Pope Paul IV. made it an Archbishoprick in 1559. upon the Request of King Philip of Spain and the Bishopricks of Arras Tournay St. Omer and Namur were given for Suffragants The Archbishops take the Title of Dukes of Cambray Counts of Cambresis and Princes of the Empire The Streets of this Town are wide and very neat and the chiefest and richest end in a great Place where the Town-house is Built and has a very curious Clock There are also very good Manufactures as Cambray and especially of many sorts of Linnen that bear the Name of the City It stands 34 Miles S. W. of Mons 40 N. E. of Amiens and 94 almost N. of Paris Long. 22 d. 24 m. Lat. 50 d. 51 m. II. Crevecoeur Crevocoeur is a place of no great Moment on the River Scheld nigh Four Miles S. of Cambray III. Chateau-Cambresis Chateau-Cambresis is another inconsiderable Town of Cambresis on the River Selle 15 Miles S. E. of Cambray Article II. Of the County of Artois Lat. Artesia ARtois borders Picardy on the South The Boulonnois on the West Bounds The County of Flanders on the North and the Cambresis on the East It s Extent Extent South and North West is about 55 miles and about 40 West and East It is exceeding fertile in all sorts of Corn but more particularly of Wheat Quality which it produces in such a measure that this Province serves as a Granary to a great part of Flanders and Brabant It has in it twelve Cities or Walled Towns Cities 850 Villages Villages c. nine Chattelenies or Castlewards and several Abbeys and Monasteries The Chief Rivers in this Province are Rivers 1. Scharpe which here washes Arras and runs into Flanders nigh Douay 2. Lys which here washes Aire and St. Venant and runs into Flanders 3. Aa which here washes Reutly and St. Omers and runs into Flanders 4. Canche which washes Hesdin and runs into France Artois was subject to the Romans and afterwards to the Kings of Austrasia History and Government since whose times it has often changed Masters Lewis the XIth King of France made himself Master of Arras in 1477. after Charles the Bold or Rash Duke of Burgundy but Mary of Burgundy this Charles's Daughter brought it into the House of Austria marrying Maximilian the 1st of Austria Father of Philip I. and Grandfather of Charles V. and Ferdinand I. Francis the I. of France was forced by the Peace of Madrid in 1529. to quit Artois to the Spaniards which was afterwards possessed by Philip II and III. But the French re-conquered it under Philip IV. Son of the last who yielded it 'em by the 35 Article of the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. reserving to himself the Towns of Aire and St. Omer since taken by the French so that they are now Masters of all this Province The most remarkable places in Artois are Arras Bish Ch. Cit. St. Omer Bish Bapaume Hesdin Bethune St. Venant Aire Priory Therouane Lens Avesne le Comte Liques Pernes I. Arras Arras Lat. Rigiacum or Origiacum is seated on the Scharpe with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Cambray This is a very ancient City St. Vast who died in 540. was its first Bishop Lewis XI of France made himself Master of it in 1493. but restored it afterward to the Emperor Maximilian The Spaniards fortified it so as to think they had rendred it impregnable whereupon they caused the Emblem of some Rats running after Cats to be carved on the Frontispiece of one of the Gates of this City with these two boasting verses Quand ces Rats prendront ces Chats Les Francois prendront Arras That is When these Rats shall catch these Cats Then the French shall take Arras This Prophecy proved false for the Mareschals of Chaune Chatillon and La Meilleraye laid Siege to and carried it in 1640 after they had defeated the Cardinal Infanta that came to relieve the Place And the French leaving the said Emblem upon the Gate did but take away the P in the word Prendront of the second verse which quite alters the signification of the Motto as Quand ces Rats prendront ces Chats Les Francois rendront Arras That is When these Rats shall catch these Cats Then the French shall yield Arras The Spaniards sate before it in 1654. but were beat off with great loss so that it still belongs to the French who have made its Fortifications very strong and regular It is a place of large circumference well Peopled Rich and Trading The Streets are broad and fair adorned with a spacious Market-place Here is also a beautiful Cathedral a very wealthy Abbey and a strong Castle This City stands 20 miles almost of Cambray 30 N. E. of Amiens and 92 N. of Paris Long. 21 d. 55 m. Lat. 50 d. 20 m. II. St. Omer St. Omer in Latin Fanum Sancti Audomari and Vrbs Audomarensis lies on the River Aa in the Country of the Ancient Morins with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cambray St. Omer or Audomarus Bishop of Therouan built this City in 660. And Foulques Abbot of St. Bertin began to encompass it with Walls in 880. which was afterward finished by Baldwin II. Sirnamed the Bald Earl of Flanders in 902. who also joined the Abbey of Sithieu to the City Afterwards Therouan being demolished in the XVI Century there were instead of it founded two Bishopricks in 1559. viz. that of Bologne and of St. Omer Near to this City is a Lake containing several small floating Islands Inhabited by certain Families that never marry but among themselves without going out of these Islands which they make to go too and fro at pleasure either with Cords or Poles St. Omer is a great and fair City well fortified having on the one side the River and Marshes and on the other side is defended by a strong Castle with good Bastions and deep
Town and their over-great Love of Liberty by refusing 500 men the Emperor offered them for their security The old Fortifications of this Town were but a double Wall and a Fausse-braye so that it was not capable of making a long resistance but the French have fortified it very strongly There is a Cittadel built on that side that goeth to the Rhine and towards the Bridge there is a Horn-Work that runs a great way There are also two small Forts at the two chief Gates which lead toward Alsatia so that in case of a Revolt they can cut off all Communication with the Country There are also Forts in some Islands of the Rhine and some Redoubts so that all round this place there is one of the greatest Fortifications in Europe The Capitulations made with the French have not been hitherto well observed yet there is not above 200 Romish Converts This City is already sunk in its Trade and will sink more when the Fortifications are finish'd There is an University founded by the Senate in 1538. Strasburg stands 55 miles N. of Basil 140 W. of Ausburg 64 S. E. of Heidelberg and 70 E. of Nancy Long. 27 d. 26 m. Lat. 48 d. 28 m. II. Selestad Selestad or Schlestad situated on the River Ill was formerly free and imperial and of the Government of Haguenaw but now belongs to the Crown of France left to it by the Peace of Westphalia Its Fortifications were demolished in 1673. but new built in 1675. so that it is now a place of considerable strength It stands 21 Miles S. of Strasburg III. Weissemburg Weissemburg or Cron Weissemburg to distinguish it from Weissemburg in Bavaria is situate upon the River Luter in the Territory of Wasgow towards the Borders of the Palatinate of the Rhine Dagobert King of France built here a celebrated Monastery in 623. which in 1496. was chang'd into a College By the Peace of Munster this Place was granted to France In 1673. it suffered much by the Germans but is now rebuilding It stands 24 Miles N. of Strasburg IV. Landaw Landaw Lat. Landavia is situate upon the River Queick in the Confines of the Palatinate and Territory of Wasgow It was yielded to France by the Peace of Munster The French having plunder'd most Towns of the Palatinate and a great part of Schwaben In 1688. laid the booty up here where all was burnt by an accidental Fire May 1689. This place stands 13 Miles W. of Philipsburg and 16 S. of Spire Long. 27 d. 50 m. Lat. 49 d. 3 m. V. Molsheim Molsheim is a little Town on the River Brenche eight Miles W. of Strasburg the residence of the Prebendary of Strasburg VI. Saverne Saverne Lat. Taberna Alsatiae is seated at the foot of some Mountains near the Frontiers of Lorrain upon the River Lor in the Road that goes to Strasburg It is the usual residence of the Bishop of Strasburg who is Lord of it Near this place Anthony Duke of Lorrain defeated the Lutherans in 1525. It stands 16 Miles nigh W. of Strasburg VII Haguenaw Haguenaw Lat. Hagenoa is seated on the River Mater scarce two Leagues from the Rhine and about three N. from Strasburg it was an Imperial City and the Chief of the lower Alsace before it fell to the French The Emperor Barbarossa first Walled it about in 1164. and built a Palace therein Being seated in a Sandy unfruitful Soil the old Landgraves of Alsace did chiefly resort thither for the Conveniency of Hunting The other places of lower Alsace such as Seltz Ober Ruheim c. are not of great consideration Remarkable Towns of Vpper Alsatia I. Colmar COlmar Lat. Colmaria and Columbaria or according to others Argentuaria is an Imperial Town under the French and the Capital of Upper Alsace upon the River Ill. The Duke of Weymar assisted by the Troops of France made himself Master of this Town in 1633. but this Duke dying Colmar was yielded to the King of France by the Negotiation of the Mareschal of Guebriant and confirm'd upon him by the 47 Article of the Treaty of Westphalia where it is named amongst the Imperial Towns of Alsace Yet afterwards during the Wars of 1674. it was demolish'd and abandoned It It stands 13 Miles W. of Brisac 28 N. of Basil and 33 almost S. of Strasburg Long. 27 d. three m. Lat. 48 d. V. Ensisheim Ensisheim is a small Town once Imperial but now subject to the French 13 Miles S. of Colmar III. Ruffach Ruffach Lat. Rubeacum is a small Town upon the River Roltback in the Territory of Mundal once an Imperial and Free City but taken by the Mareschal of Turenne in 1675. after a great defeat of the Imperialists It 's one of the ancientest Towns in Alsatia and was for the fertility of its Soil for five hundred years the Seat of some of the Roman Nobility It stands 10 Miles S. of Colmar Munster Marbach Keibersperg c. are small Towns of little moment Remarkable Towns in Suntgaw I. Ferrete FErrete Lat. Ferreta which the Germans now call Pfirt stands 22 Miles W. of Basil with the Title of a County It was resigned to the French by the Pacifications of Munster and the Pyrenees II. Hunningen Hunningen is a Village a quarter of a League below Basil situated on the Rhine which the French have render'd very remarkable for the strong Castle they have lately erected there and which gives no little Umbrage and Jealousie to the Swissers This Fort is a regular Pentagon with Lodgings for 3 or 4000 Men Good Ramparts a large Ditch Horn-works Half-Moons and other Outworks Here is also a Bridge over the Rhine lodged partly on an Island which is fortified with an Horn-Work so that it is now one of the strongest Places in Europe being seated in a great Plain and commanded by no rising ground III. Mulhausen Mulhausen on the River Ill was once an Imperial and Free City but in 1515. Leagued with the Swissers and united to Suntgow It stands 13 Miles N. W. of Basil and 17 S. of Colmar but heretofore belonged to Alsatia Remarkable Towns in Brisgaw I. Brisac BRisac Lat. Brisacum or Brisacus Mons stands on a rising ground on the right Bank of the Rhine which has there a fine Stone Bridge This place is esteemed one of the strongest places of Europe whether its Situation be considered or what Art has contributed to render it regular so that some Authors call it the Cittadel of Alsatia Gustavus Horne a Suede made an attempt on this City in 1633. after his great advantages over the Imperialists but the Duke of Feria broke his Measures and threw succours into the Place The Duke of Weymar being sick at Newemburg near Brisac in 1639. the Marquiss of Guebriant possessed himself of this and the other Places which were left to the French King by a Treaty the year following and which have been yielded by the 47th Article of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. and confirmed again by the 60th Article of
as their only means to come to the Dignity of Elector or Prince of the Empire but the Canons before they are received must give as good proofs of their Noble Birth both by Father and Mother as is required of the Knights of Maltha The Elector of Triers is great Chancellor of the Empire in the Gauls and in the Kingdom of Arles but does not exercise the Function of this Charge because these Places are not under the German Empire but has precedency of the Elector of Cologne and possesses several other advantages Votes before all the other Electors in the Dyets and Assemblies of the Electors in which he has his particular seat over against the Emperor between the two Banks of the other Electors The King of France is Master of several Towns and Castles in this Archbishoprick all along the Moselle which makes it his interest to defend him as Metropolitan of the Bishopricks of Metz Toul and Verdun whereof he is Sovereign but allows the Archbishop the Ecclesiastick Priviledges and Revenues which in times of Peace amount to 1100000 Livres per Annum This Archbishoprick has 24 Bailywicks The Principal Cities and Places in this Electorate are Treves or Triers Arch. Cap. Coblentz Hermanstein Sarbrugh Grimberg Bopart Pruim Abbey Vlmen Oberwesel I. Treves Treves or Triers Lat. Augusta Trevirorum is a very ancient City seated on the Moselle with an Archbishops See and Electorate of the Empire It was ruined four or five times by the Huns Vandals Goths and French but always recovered with greater lustre which gave the Emperors that staid any time in the Gauls occasion to make it their ordinary Residence and adorn it with a Cirque and Capitol The Archbishop of Treves in that quality is Prince of the Empire and Temporal Lord of his Estates and was formerly Metropolitan of the Bishopricks of Mayence Cologne Liege Vtrecht Strasburg Worms and Spire all which are now separated from his Archbishoprick so that he has but three Suffragants viz. Metz Toul and Verdun which are all under the King of France They pretend they have our Saviours Tunick at Treves and that lest it should be stoln away they conceal the place it 's hidden in tho' its like this care is taken the better to keep the cheat undiscovered Several Synods have been held here the Chief whereof was that in 386. upon the subject of the Priscillianists by order of the Tyrant Maximus This City has 4 Collegiate Churches 5 Parishes 2 Abbeys and several Religious Houses It was put into the Hands of the French in 1632. to preserve it as was pretended from the Swedes They kept it till 1645. Mareschal Crequi was defeated near Treves at the Bridge of Consarbick upon Sarr August 11. 1675. and afterwards retired to this Place which was immediately besieged by the Germans who forced the Garrison to surrender upon very dishonourable Terms The French are Masters of it again since 1688. I stands 28 Miles N. E. of Luxemburg and 60 W. of Mentz Long. 26 d. Lat. 49 d. 50 m. II. Coblentz Coblentz is a very strong and populous City upon the Confluent or meeting of the Moselle and Rhine for which reason it is called in Latin Confluentes or Confluentia It is a pretty place with fine Churches and stately Houses along the River The Elector of Treves has a Palace here where he makes his ordinary Residence It stands fifty two Miles N. E. of Trier and 42 from Cologne to the South East Gaspar a Petra much improved its Fortifications by drawing a Line from one River to the other with Fortifications after the most regular modern way On the other side the Rhine is the strong Fortress of Ebrenbeistein commmonly called Hermanstein This Castle is situated upon a Rock has communication with the Town of Coblentz by a Bridge of Boats over the Rhine There is another good Stone Bridge over the Moselle Coblentz is the most considerable Place that belongs now to the Archbishop of Treves III. Hermanstein Hermanstein or Erenbreitstein Lat. Eremberti Lapis is one of the strongest Cittadels of Germany on the Rhine over against Coblentz and the Mouth of the River Moselle in the Archbishop of Triers's Dominions It is situated on a steep inaccessible Rock and in the Siege of 1637. it could not be taken but by Famine It has a stately Palace belonging to the said Elector under it eight Leagues from Mentz and 10 from Cologne Westward IV. Sarbrugh Sarbrugh or Sarbruken Lat. Saraepons or Saraeburgum is on the River Sar overagainst St. Jean on the Borders of Lorrain formerly an Imperial Town but exempted by the Emperor Rodolphus I. and belonging to the Electorate of Treves It is a fine Town very ancient and mentioned in the Itinerary of Antonine but falling under the Duke of Lorrain is now in the Hands of the French It gives Title to a Prince of the House of Nassau and has a Castle which was his usual Residence It stands 12 Miles W. of Deux Ponts and 40 E. of Metz. V. Grimberg Grimberg is a small Town about 15 Miles S. W. of Triers subject to this Elector VI. Boppart Boppart Lat. Bopartium and Bodobriga is a small Town upon the Rhine at the foot of a Hill anciently Imperial now subject to the Elector of Treves It stands eight Miles S. of Coblentz VII Pruim Pruim or Prume is a little Town and Abbey of Benedectine Monks in the Forest of Ardenne between the Electorate of Trier and Luxemburg It is an Ecclesiastical Principality of the Empire whereof the Abbot was formerly Lord but since 1576. the Elector of Trier has it and it was confirmed to him by the Dyet of Ratisbonne in 1654. It stands on a little River of the same name 27 Miles N. E. of Triers VIII Ulmen Vlmen is a small Town 27 Miles W. of Coblentz IX Ober-Wesel Ober-Wesel Lat. Ficelia or Vesalia is a Town upon the Rhine Imperial and Free until in 1312. it fell into the Hands of the Elector of Triers It is memorable for St. Werner's Death slain here by the Jews in 1287. The Mother of Alexander the Roman Emperor is also said to have been assassinated here This Place stands 20 Miles South of Coblentz Article V. The Archbishoprick and Electorate of Cologne or Ceulen THE Electorate of Cologne borders the Dukedom of Juliers on the North and West Bounds The Electorate of Triers on the South and Hesse and part of Westphalia on the East It s Extent Extent cannot easily be determined because it is strangely intermixed with other Provinces The Archbishop is great Chancellor of the Empire in Italy History but never exercises the Function of his Office For Princes that hold any Principalities of the Empire are its perpetual Vicars in which quality they can do in all places in their Jurisdictions what the Emperor could do in common cases and in higher points have recourse to the Imperial Court Wherefore the Archbishop of Metz who is great Chancellor of Germany is
34 Miles N. W. of Raab 46 E. of Vienna and 95 almost N. W. of Buda Long. 38 d. 14 m. Lat. 48 d. 25 m. II. Newhausel Newhausel Lat. Neofolium called Owar by the Hungarians stands upon the little River Neutra or Nitrach it is little but strong and Capital of a large Country It is Built in a Moorish Plain which is hard at the bottom so that it is passable every where Its Fortifications are in form of a Star with six Rays having at each point a high raised Bastion The place is surrounded with a Ditch full of Water of a Rod and a half deep and eighteen in breadth It has only two Gates and before each of them there is a Half-moon without any other Outworks but a covered Way The Turks made themselves Masters of this Place in 1663. And on the ninth of July 1685. Prince Charles of Lorrain with the general Officers of his Army having reviewed it resolved to attack it On the 16th of August he defeated the Serasquier that marched to relieve it took twenty pieces of Cannon some Mortars with Bombs and four Standards three days after the Town was carried by Assault after a Siege of 40 days and all the Garrison put to the Sword There were 100 Brass Cannons found in it with Plate and other Booty to above the value of two Millions This Town lies 36 Miles E. of Presburg 12 N. of Komora and 64 N. W. of Buda Long. 39 d. 10 m. Lat. 48 d. 23 m. IV. Tyrnaw Tyrnaw or Dyrn or Tyrn is upon a River of the same name in the County of Transchin The Archbishops of Strigonium used to make here their Residence when Strigonium was in the possession of the Turks In 1414. twelve Jews and two Women exercised in this Town an unheard of Cruelty upon a Christian Child for having entic'd him into their House they opened his Veins and receiving the Blood drank some and laid the rest up for some other uses then cut the Body in pieces and buried it in a Cellar Yet Notwithstanding this precaution they were discovered apprehended and condemned to be burn'd alive When they were put to the Torture they were ask'd what put them upon such a horrible Cruelty They answered it was because they were taught by their Ancestors that the Blood of a Christian was a powerful Remedy to stop the Blood in Circumcision Secondly because it was a Philtre which created Love in those that eat Meat steep'd in it Thirdly That it did stop the overflowing of the Months and the Hemorrhoids Fourthly That it was to observe their ancient Custom of offering the Blood of a Christian to God yearly adding that the Inhabitants of that City were enjoyned to perform their Sacrifice about that time This Town stands 28 Miles North East of Presburg and 72 almost N. W. of Newhausel Long. 38 d. 44 m. Lat. 48 d. 44 m. V. Cassovia Cassovia or Casehaw Lat. Cassovia is seated upon the little River Tareza which empties it self into the Teys It is the Capital of the County of Abamwivar and is very well fortified and tho' one at the Royal Free-Towns owns the Emperor as King of Hungary to whom it was subjected in 1685. It has the best Arsenal in Hungary and stands 86 Miles N. E. of Buda Long. 41 d. 50 m. Lat. 48 d. 40 m. VI. Agria Agria by the Germans called Eger by the Hungarians Eclaw is seated upon a River of the same name which about three Leagues farther falls into the Tibisc with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Strigonia This City is small but so well fortified that it is accounted one of the strongest Holds of Hungary It was besieged by Soliman in 1552. without effect This Siege is so memorable that 't will not be amiss to relate some particulars of it When Soliman came before this Place with 70000 Men it was neither strong by Nature or Art but the Courage of the Garrison supplied that defect There were in it 2000 Hungarians and 60 of the chief Nobility with all their Wives Children and Moveables They bound themselves by Oath to hold to the last extremity and put all their Provisions into publick Magazines when the Turks summon'd them they shewed them a Coffin from the Battlements signifying that they would rather dye than surrender The Town was battered 40 days with 50 Pieces of Cannon and the Turks making three Assaults in one Day were repulsed with the loss of 8000 Men. The instances of the Courage of Women during this Siege are almost incredible The Turks being so terrified with such Prodigies of undauntedness in both Sexes raised the Siege and the Garrison Sallying out kill'd a great number of them and took all their Baggage In 1596. Mahomet III. made himself Master of this Place after having defeated the Forces sent to relieve it and the Infidels contrary to the Capitulation Murthered the Garrison From that time Agria continued in the Hands of the Turks till it was retaken by the Imperialists in 1687. after a Blockade of three years during which there died of Hunger and Diseases above 10000 Turks When the Garrison was forced to Capitulate The Governour fearing lest the Imperialists should retaliate what had been done in 1596 would not surrender till the Emperor sign'd the Articles Four thousand Inhabitants went out with the Garrison 300 staid and demanded Baptism and abundance of Christian Slaves were released They left 150 Canons seven Mortars and some Provisions behind them This City stands 38 Miles N. E. of Buda and 50 S. W. of Cassovia Long. 41 d. 5 m. Lat. 48 d. 2 m. VII Colozsa Colozsa is a declining City on the Danube the head of the County of Bath with an Archbishoprick taken from the Turk by the Imperialists in 1686. It stands 54 Miles S. E. of Buda and 44 S. W. of Zolnock Long. 40 d. 50 m. Lat. 46 d. 54 m. VIII Zolnock Zolnock Lat. Zolnochium is a considerable City of Upper Hungary situate upon the Tibisc or Teys and Capital of a County that bears its own Name It was taken by the Turks in 1552. and retaken by the Imperialists in 1685. It stands 44 Miles N. E. of Colocza between Buda and Great Waradin 56 Miles of each Long. 41 d. 43 m. Lat. 47 d. 25 m. IX Waradin Waradin or Great Waradin or Wardin is situate upon the River Kerez in the borders of Transilvania to which Principality of latter times it belong'd It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Colozsa defended by a strong Castle that stands on the East and good Ramparts with 5 royal Bastions and a good regular Ditch which may be fill'd upon occasion with the River-Water Within there is another inclosure of five Bastions and an high Wall which may serve instead of a Cittadel This City was taken by the Crim-Tartars in 1642. who left it soon after In 1290. Ladislaus King of Hungary built here the Cathedral Church In 1660. it was taken by the Turks and recovered by the Imperialists
Palaces and caused the Castle to be built where afterwards his Successors kept their Court. This City passed for one of the Beautifullest of the Kingdom before the Turks had it but whilst it was in their possession they suffered the finest Buildings to fall to ruin It is built on the right side of the Danube upon a Mountain which makes its situation very advantagious Pest is on the other side a little below it and there is commonly a Bridge of 60 Boats which serves for a Communication from the one to the other The lower City called Wasserstadt or Town of the Jews which is like a suburb reacheth from the Upper City to the Danube on the same side The Upper City takes up all the Declivity of the Mountain and is Fortified with good Walls which have Towers at certain distances after the ancient manner The Castle is at the extremity of the City Eastward upon a Hill which commands the greatest part of it It is surrounded with a very deep Ditch and defended with old fashioned Towers and some modern Fortifications which take up all the Hill from the Wall of the Upper City to the Danube This City was taken by Soliman In 1526. Ferdinand the Arch-Duke of Austria retook it the next year after In 1529. Soliman made himself Master of it again after the Garrison had stood eleven Assaults and restored it to the Vayvode of Transylvania who had lost it before Ferdinand in 1540 and 1541. Attack d it again when Soliman coming the third time to relieve it raised the Siege and made himself master of the Place by Stratagem and Surprise and so took it from the Queen whom he came to assist Matthias the Arch-Duke besieged it again in 1598. and after in 1601. but with no success The Duke of Lorrain sat down before it in 1684. from July 14. to November 1. but was forced to raise the Siege and leave it He reinvested it the 15 of June 1686. and made himself Master of it after a Siege of two Months and a half Buda stands 135 almost S. E. of Vienna 140 S. of Cracovia 165 N. W. of Belgrade and 675 almost N. W. of Constantiplr Long. 40 d. 15 m. Lat. 47 d. 38 m. The last Siege of this City has been so famous not only for the importance of the Place but also for the vigorous resistance of the Besieged and the great Courage of the Imperialists and of a vast number of Noble Voluntiers that resorted thither from all parts of Christian Europe that I hope I shall oblige most Readers to give here the Particulars of it and as for those that are already acquainted with them they may skip this Paragraph if they please Relation of the Siege of Buda from June 15. 1686. to September 2. in the same year THE 15th of June the two Bodies of the Imperial Army advanced equally Prince Charles of Lorrain with the Cavalry encamped at Dotkamp and the Elector of Bavaria at Mohatz opposite to one another the Danube lying betwixt them The same day the Count of Staremberg arrived at Moratz with the Infantry and part of the Baggage of the Army The 16th Prince Charles went to incamp with the Horse at St. Andrew the Earl of Staremberg with the Foot at Dostkam and the Elector of Bavaria at Wailan so that the Infidels from the Ramparts could see the Christians on both sides the Danube The 18th all the Infantry having joined the Army the whole Army marched and invested the Place on all sides They began the same day to make a Bridge of Boats as well for the Passage of the Troops of Bavaria as for Communication with the other side of the Danube and afterwards resolved to Attack the Town in four different Places The first attack on the side of the lower Town was commanded by Prince Charles and carried on the by the Imperial Troops The second on the side of the Castle by the Elector of Bavaria The third was carried on by the Troops of Saxony and the fourth by those of Brandenburg under General Schoning The 19th Prince Charles causâ—d the Army to approâ—ch to the Baths and there fixed the General Quarter with some Regiments of Foot within a quarter of a Mile of the City On the 21st the Elector of Bavaria marched his Troops over the Bridge and came to incamp at the foot of the Mount St. Gerard. The 22d the Prince of Newburg Grand Master of the Teutonick Order arrived in the Camp with Count Dunevald The next day the Christians began to batter the Wasserstadt and having made a sufficient breach they entred it whilst the Infidels retired into the Upper City On the 30th the Marquess of Turlac arrived in the Camp with the Troops of Swedeland and at the same day arrived also the Auxiliary Troops of Franconia and Suabia and two Companies of Passau and Ratisbonne The 2d of July the Troops of Brandenburg arrived under the Command of the Marshal General Schoning The 13th the Christians mounted and made themselves Masters of the Breach but the Turks setting Fire to a Furnace several Voluntiers of great Note with a great Number of Soldiers were killed or wounded The 23d it was thought fit to summon the Besieged The Count of Koningseck Ayde de Camp General was sent with an Interpreter and a Drummer to make the Summons The Turks came to meet him and took the Letter which they presented to the Commander There was a Truce of two Hours made on both sides The Turks brought a Letter wrapped in Scarlet written by the Governour in answer to that of Prince Charles wherein he declared that he was resolved to make a vigorous defence After this answer there was great firing made on both sides The 27th the Christians gave a General Assault and became Masters of three Towers at the three Quarters of Prince Charles of the Marshal of Schoning and of the Elector of Bavaria The 1st of August the Besieged sent two Agas who offered in the name of the Visier of Buda to remit this Place with all its Dependencies and what other two Towns the Emperor should make choice of if he would make Peace but as Prince Charles was informed that the Emperor would do nothing but with the consent of his Allies he dismissed the Agas On the 14th the Turks who came to the relief of Buda appeared in Battel Array Prince Charles fought them defeated them took eight Pieces of Canon and forty Standards with the loss of 200 Men. The next day there were found in the Field 2200 dead Bodies of the Infidels The 22d the Bavarians seized on one of the Towers of the Castle The 29th the Succours of the Turks made another attempt to enter into the City but they were repulsed by the Christians The 31st they got advice that the Grand Visier was extreamly disatisfied with the two Bassa's who commanded the Troops which the Christians had defeated the 29th and that his Army was but of about 30000 Men.
Lastly The 2d of September was the General Assault given The Elector of Bavaria accompanied with the Prince of Baden began it attacking the Castle A little while after Prince Charles of Lorrain attended by the Prince of Croy Newbourg and Commerci the Generals Souches Diepenthal Scherssemberg and the chief Voluntiers of the Army marched to the Assault After a fierce Combat which lasted an hour the Governour being killed upon the breach the Turks lost Courage and retired in disorder to the foot of a Wall of the Castle The Imperialists being entered the City made a terrible Slaughter The Elector of Bavaria found a stronger resistance at the Castle for the Turks who were therein their Retrenchments not knowing that the City was taken defended themselves with a great deal of Courage at last being overpowered they set fire through despair to several places of the City After a great Massacre the Elector of Bavaria caused Quarter to be given to near 2000 Men who were retired into the Castle whilst the Earl of Coningseck carried the same orders to the Imperialists from Prince Charles of Lorrain This they did because the Infidels might have defended themselves yet a great while for they had at their Head the Aga of the Janissaries with the Bassa's Lieutenant the Mufti and several other Officers who were made Prisoners by the Bavarians Most of the Women and Children were also saved The Infidels being disarmed some were conducted to a Mosque and the rest left in the Castle whilst the Fire they had kindled in the City raged so far that the Walls of the Houses hardly escap'd its fury The next Day the two Generals visited the Place and found in it above 400 Pieces of Artillery four of which of an extraordinary bigness they call the four Evangelists There was Ammunitions also found in it for more than a Month. The Christians did not lose above 100 Men in this Action and as they were preparing to go to attack the Grand Vizier in his Camp they were informed that he had abandon'd it A Treasure of 300000 Ducats discovered in the City was given to the Bassa to use as he should see occasion There were also 60000 Sequins found with other sums buried in the Ground in divers places The Library of the Ancient Kings of Hungary so much augmented by Matthias Corvin being not in the least damnified was transported to Vienna II. Strigonia or Gran. Strigonia or Gran Lat. Strigonium is seated in a Plain upon the Danube above Buda and commanded by a Neighbour Mountain on the Top of which is a good Castle The Archbishop of this City is Primate Chancellor and President of the Council of the Kingdom of Hungary the Cathedral stands in the Castle Soliman II. took this City in 1543. The Arch-Duke Matthias besieg'd it in 1574. with 50000 Men but was forced to raise the Siege Count Mansfeld general of the Imperial Forces besieged it again in 1595. and defeated 14000 Turks but died soon after before this City The Archduke Matthias continued the Siege and forced the City to surrender upon Terms after having been 52 years under the Dominion of the Turks After this Mahomet III. besieg'd it in 1606. and took it again The Imperialists retook it in 1683. after having raised the Siege of Vienna and after an obstinate Combat maintained by the Turks against the Imperialists and Polanders near the Village Barkan where the King of Poland and his Son were in great danger of their Lives Lastly in 1685. The Turks having again besieg'd it the Duke of Lorrain with the Elector of Bavaria forced them to raise the Siege and totally defeated their Army Strigonia stands 28 Miles N. E. of Buda 35 E. of Raab and 115 E. of Vienna Long. 39 d. 42 m. Lat. 47 d. 50 m. III. Alba Regalis Alba Regalis or Stul Weissenburg by the Sclavonians called Stolni Biograd and Eâ—â—â—eis Feierwa by the Hungarians is seated upon the River Sâ—â—witze near the Lake Calaton It has been famous heretofore for the Coronations and Sepulchres of the Kings of Hungary and was taken by the Turks in 1543. but retaken by the Duke of Mercoeur in 1601. but the Infidels took it again the next Year after and impal'd 40 of the Inhabitants for a design to hâ—ve betray'd it again On the 18th of May 1688. it surrendred to the Imperialists and one of the Gates was put into the Hands of the Christians till the Emperor Ratified the Treaty under the Great Seal of the Empire and having spent three days in providing for their departure on the 20th of May they march'd out about 4000 Souls in all but not above 700 bearing Arms. The Imperialists found in it 34 Pieces of Cannon great quantities of small Arms and an incredible store of Ammunition but no Provision The Germans found it fortified with three Bastions and two other Works on one side the rest of the Town being covered by the Morass in which it stands 40 Miles S. W. of Buda 110 S. E. of Vienna and 180 N. W. of Belgrade Long. 39 d. 24 m. Lat. 47 d. 23 m. IV. Komorra Komorre or Komare or Komorra Lat. Komorra is a very strong Town situate on the S. side of the Isle of Schut where the Danube reunites into one Stream This Town was well fortified by Mâ—tthias Corvinus King of Hungary in 1472. and it became the Bulwark of Christendoâ— against the Turks after they took Strigonia in 1543. It is populous and rich as well as strong It has a Line drawn from the Southern to the Northern Branch of the Danube defended with four Bastions The Emperor kept always here a great Garrison After the taking of Raab or Javarin in 1591. Sinan Bashaw Besieged this Town with 60 Ships and a great number of Turks and Tartars but without success for his Treachery and Valour were equally baffled by Baron Braon the Governour who cut off four of the five Turks Heads he sent to Suborn him and sent the fifth back to acquaint the Bashaw with their Doom and that there were no more Traytors to be bought The chief strength of this impregnable Place is its Fort called the Tortoise It stands 12 Miles S. of Newhausel 15 N. E. of Javarin 38 almost E. of Presburg 54 N. W. of Buda and 74 almost E. of Vienna Long. 39 d. 12 m. Lat. 48 d. 12 m. V. Javarin or Raab Raab or Javarin is a Town and Fortress at the Confluence of the Rivers Raab and Danube with a Bishop's See Suffragan of Gran or Strigonia the French call it Javarin the Hungarians Gewen the Italians Giovarin and the Latin Authors Jaurinum Arabo and Narabo This City is small but very strong it was taken by the Turks in 1591. and retaken by Monsieur de Vaubecourt a Frenchman in 1606. and has ever since been under the Emperor of Germany It stands 34 Miles W. of Strigonia as many S. W. of Presburg and 62 almost W. of Buda Long. 38 d. 52 m. Lat. 48. d.
24 Miles S. E of Sebenico VI. Spalatro Spalatro Lat. Spalatum or Palatium Dioclesiani and Salona Nova is very Strong Rich and Populous and an Archbishops See Its name seems to be a Corruption of Palatium because it was in former times the Palace of Dioclesian who was born at Salona about a League from Spalatro This City is well-fortified and about a Musquet shot from the East Gate there is a Fort built upon high Ground which commands the City Here is also a very spacious and convenient Harbour The Venetians have but a small Garrison there as trusting in their Fort of Clissa there being no passage from Turkey to this City but under the Cannon of that Place The Cathedral of this City was of old a Temple that stood in the midst of Dioclesian's Palace Since this Temple was changed into a Church they have broken through the Wall to make a Quire to it and made several Windows in it for before it received light only by the Gate or Door according to the Custom of the Heathens who commonly made their Temples all dark to render their Mysteries the more venerable by the borrowed light of many Torches and Lamps The Walls of Dioclesian's Palace which contain the two thirds of the City are in a manner whole and intire and make an exact square with a Gate in the midst of each side The Country round this Place is very fruitful and all Provisions very Cheap It stands 30 Miles S. E. of Sebenico 74 S. E. of Zara and 92 N. W. of Ragusi Long. 38 d. 50 m. Lat. 44 d. VII Salona Salona is a City on the Gulph of Venice now ruined by the Sclavonians but formerly was a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Spalatro and much mentioned in ancient Writers and more particularly famous for the Retreat of the Emperor Dioclesian The Venetians have built a Castle near its ruins which stands five Miles N. of Spalatro VIII Clissa Clissa is a strong Fort 10 Miles N. E. of Spalatro and 34 almost W. of Sebenico IX Scardona Scardona is seated upon the River Kerka in Latin Tilius which compasseth a great part of it so as to make it a kind of Peninsula It is about seven Miles from the Adriatick Sea with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Spalatro It was formerly a famous City and the Capital of the Turkish Dalmatia It is still considerable In the year 1683. the Morlacks of Croatia took it from the Turks and General Valier put a good Garrison into it for the Venetians after that he had put the place into a condition of being a Bulwark against the Incursions of the Infidels It is about 30 Miles almost N. of Sebenico X. Narenza Narenza or Narenca Lat. Naro is seated on the Gulf at Venice and belongs to the Turks it was formerly very considerable and the Capital of Dalmatia but at present it is in a manner wholly ruined It has a Bishop Suffragan of Ragusi The Venetians took it in 987. and the Turks in 1479. It stands 44 Miles N. of Ragusa XI Trebigni or Trebigna Trebigna is a small and inconsiderable but very Ancient City with a Bishop's See under the Archbishoprick of Ragusa subject to the Turks It stands 20 Miles almost N. of Ragusi Long. 41 d. 2 m. Lat. 43 d. 10 m. XII Castel-Nuovo Castel-Nuovo is a Town of the Dutchy of St. Saba or of the Province of Herzegovine seated upon the Canal of Cattaro three Leagues from its Mouth and over-against the Eastern Sea The Castle of Salimanega which is joined to the place on the North-side is built upon a very rocky place and is commanded by the Mountain of St. Veneranda whence also the Tower of Fastagick which is partly built upon the Rock and partly upon the joining Ground can be batter'd This great Tower was used by the Turks as a Magazine for Powder The high Fortress called Goringrad is 650. paces from the Town on the Northern side and this may be batter'd to pieces from the top of Mont-slichi which is nigh it This place was Attacked in 1538. by the Pope the Emperor's and Venetian Army and taken by them and Garrisoned with Spaniards but they put three Colours into it one for the Pope one for the Emperor and a third for the Republick They did not enjoy it long for the very next Year Barbarossa came into the Channel with 90 Galleys and 30 Fustes and having landed 80 Pieces of Cannon and some Men that were joined by the Sangiac of the Province he Battered the Place and carried it by Assault The Spaniards sustained a great Loss on this occasion for there were 4000 of them either killed or put to Irons The Venetians endeavoured to retake it in 1572. but were forc'd to give over the Enterprize yet have at last made themselves Masters of it in 1687. jointly with the Pope's Troops and those of the Order of Malta which fell out thus Count Herbestein Great Prior of Hungary and General of the Gallies of Malta and Commander of the Pope's Seven Gallies received Orders from the Pope to join the Venetian Army in the Morea commanded by the Generalissimo Morosini to undertake some considerable Enterprize in Dalmatia which he did upon the 7th of August 1687. and with the General Cornaro resolved upon the Siege of Castel-Nuovo this Resolution was put in Execution the 2d of September the 29th the Turks quitted the Town and the next Morning those of the Castle yielded upon condition that they might have with them what they could carry upon their Backs with Vessels to Transport them into Albania all which was executed the 2d of October the Turks came out being 9000 well-arm'd and about a 1000 Women and Children Castel-Nuovo stands 12 Miles W. of Cattaro Long. 41 d. 26 m. Lat. 42 d. 38 m. XIII Cattaro Cattaro or Catarro called by Latin Authors Catharum or Cathara which Le Noir takes to be the Ascrivium of Ptolomy and Pliny is seated upon a Gulf to which it gives its name and is defended by a Castle Built upon a Hill with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Ragusi This City belongs to the Venetians the Turks have often attempted it but to no purpose It stands 50 Miles S. E. of Ragusi Long. 41 d. 40 m. Lat. 42 d. 36 m. XIV Budoa Budoa is situated upon the Sea betwixt the Gulph of Cattaro and the City of Dulcigno Pliny Ptolomy and Stephanus of Byzantium have made mention of it under the Name of Butua Bulua Buthaer Alexandro Donato having Cowardly yielded Antivari to the Turks in 1571. Augustin Pasqualigo surrendred Budoa whereof he was Governour but was not blamed because of the weakness of the Place Zacharias Salomoni Governour of Cattano having retook it soon after with the Land ana Sea Forces the Republick of Venice took care to fortifie it so that though it is a small Place yet it is very Regular It suffered much in 1667. by an Earthquake but great care was taken to
Repair the Ruins caused by this Accident This Town is a Bishop's See Suffragan of Antivari and stands 8 Miles N. W. of that City Long. 41 d. 44 m. Lat. 48 d. 54 m. XV. Antivari Antivari Lat. Antibarum which some take to be the Ancient Doclea is seated upon the Adriatick Sea or Gulph of Venice of a Bishoprick created into a Archbishoprick by Pope Alexander II. with 10 Suffragans in 1062. It has since fallen under the Tyranny of the Turks It stands 60 Miles S. E. of Ragusi Long. 41 d. 42 m. Lat. 43 d. 15 m. XVI Dolcigna Scutari Dolcigno or Dulcigno and Scutari or Scodra were formerly reckoned in Dalmatia but belong now-a-days to the Kingdom of Albania of which we shall Treat in the next Section Of the Republick of Ragusi RAgusi or Ragusa is a City and Republick upon the Gulf of Venice with an Archbishop's See Some Authors esteem it to be the same with the Ancient Epidaurus but others will have the Ruins of that City to be on the other side in a place called Ragusi Vecchio However it be this City which the Selavonians call Dobronich is very well Built It s situation is upon a Rock so high on one side and craggy that 't is a Covert to it and on the other side it stretches along a little Tongue of Land where 't is washed by the Sea Near this City is the Fort of St. Lawrence and a Port. It 's Inhabited by many Merchants and the best peopled place in Dalmatia The Government of it is almost like unto that of the Republick of Venice It 's true that the fear of losing their Liberty is so great that it obliges them to change their Duke or Governour every Month and to continue their Officers in their Posts but for six Weeks wherefore Gentlemen cannot wear a Sword nor lye abroad without informing the Senate therewith and in the Night time Strangers and especially Turks are lock'd up in their Lodgings by them Moreover the Gates of the City are never open but for three or four Hours by Day in Summer time and not above an Hour and a half in Winter The Ragusians pay Tribute to the Turks whom they fear to the Venetians whom they hate to the Pope Emperor and King of Spain upon consideration Ragusia or the Country of Ragusa is but inconsiderable comprehending no more than the Town of that Name Stagno and two or three Villages This City is very much subject to Earthquakes and had terrible shocks in 1637. and 1667. The Senate of Ragusa is composed of Sixty Senators whereof Forty at least must meet together when they assemble for Judgment Civil Matters at the Commencement of the Suit are brought before Six of the Senate from whom there is an Appeal to the College of Thirty who are no Senators and if the Decrees be for Sums exceeding 500 Crowns the Appeals are finally determin'd by the Senate Their Judicial Proceedings are in Latin but they plead in Italian or the Language of the Country Criminal Affairs are judged by an Officer from whom there is an Appeal to a Jurisdiction composed of Six Senators and if the Sentence be confirm'd there the Affair is terminated but if otherwise the Senate takes Cognizance thereof and Judges it As to Politick Affairs of lesser Importance the Governour with Six of the Senate decides them and these Six Senators exercise that Charge a Year Ragusa stands 82 Miles N. W. of Scutari 160 S. E. of Jaicza 165 S. E. of Zara and 168 S. W. of Belgrade Long. 40 d. 40 m. Lat. 43 d. 3 m. Stagno Stagno Lat. Stagnum is a small City and Sea-Port belonging to the Commonwealth of Ragusa with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of that City from which it stands 18 Miles almost N. W. Long. 40. d. 40 m. Lat. 43 d. 18 m. THE MARTIAL-FIELD OF EUROPE SECT VI. Greece Lat. Graecia THIS Country which the Turks now a days call Rumelia Name derives its ancient Name of Greece from a certain King call'd Graecus Another King whose name was Hellen gave it the name of Hellas and its People that of Hellenes But the name of Greece is taken variously for at first it comprehended only two little Countries of which the one was called Thessalia and the other Hellas or Greece properly so called Afterwards Epirus Macedon Achaia the Peloponnesus as also the Islands round about that extremity of the Continent received the name of Greece Besides that the name of Great Greece was given to Sicily and the lower part of Italy And lastly the name spread it self into the Continent of Neighbouring Asia which was called Asiatick Greece Greece properly so called which we are now to describe is bounded on the North by a long Chain of the Mountains Mariani Bounds which separate it from Romania Bulgaria and Servia on the West by the Adriatick and Jonian Seas on the South by the Mediterranean Sea and on the East by the Archipelago or White-Sea formerly Mare Aegeum It stretches from the 42 d. Situation 30 m. to the 49 d. 30 m. of Longitude and from the 34 d. 40 m. to the 43 d. of Northern Latitude Extent so that its Extent W. and E. is about 420 Miles and about 500 S. and N. Ancient Division Greece was formerly divided into six part viz. 1. Peloponnesus 2. Epirus 3. Greece Proper 4. Thessaly 5. Macedon 6. The Islands Greece properly so called or Hellas was subdivided into Aetolia Doris Phocis Attica Megaria Baeotia and the Country of the Locri. Modern Division Greece at this Day is divided into seven parts viz. six large Provinces and the Islands 1. Albania on the Adriatick Sea or Gulph of Venice 2. Epirus on the Jonian Sea 3. Macedon On the Aegean Sea or Archipel or White Sea 4. Thessaly On the Aegean Sea or Archipel or White Sea 5. Achaia 6. Morea a Peninsule on the South of Achaia environ'd with the Jonian Cretian or of Sapienza and Aegean Seas 7. The Islands The six first have preserved their ancient Names except Morea formerly called Peloponnesus and Albania formerly part of Epirus The Air is here generally mild temperate and wholesom Quality The Soil extreamly fruitful in all necessaries as Corn excellent Wine and Fruits the most exquisite in the whole World There are also very good Pastures that feed abundance of Cattel and the Woods are stock'd with Fowl and Deer The Ancient Greeks had the advantage over all other Nations for Learning Ancient Inhabitants Their Wit Bravery and Wisdom They were the Inventors of Arts and Improvers of Sciences and as they were renowned for Learning so were they no less fam'd for their Military Prowess Courage extending their Arms into several Kingdoms of the Universe so that People resorted to 'em from most parts of the World either to be instructed in the Liberal Sciences or else to learn the Art of War The Countrey was so fertile in Men of Learning
4. Corinthia 5. Elis or Elea or Cauconia 6. Laconia 7. Messenia 8. Sicyonis Now-a-days Morea according to Baudrand Moreri and all Modern Geographers is divided into four Provinces viz. I. The Dutchy of Chiarenza Chiarenza Archb. II. Belvedere Modon Bish III. Zaconia or Braccio di Maina Malvasia Archb. IV. Saccania or Romania Minor Napoli di Romania Archb. Article I. The Dutchy of Chiarenza THIS Dutchy Borders the Gulph of Lepanto on the North Bounds Sacconia on the East Zaconia and Belvedere on the South and the Jonian Sea on the West it contains the old Achaia Proper Sicyonis and Corinthia The most famous Capes Capes here are 1. Cape Rio. 2. Cape Chiarenza formerly Araxus Promontorium 3. Cape Torneso formerly Chelonates Promontorium The most Remarkable Towns here are Patras Archb. Cap. Chiarenza or Clarence Caminitza Bish Castel-Torneso I. Patras Patras is a very Ancient and Flourishing City called by the Turks Badra and Balabutra it is seated near Cape Rio on the North side of a Mountain on the top of which stands a good Fortress 18 Miles almost S. of Lepanto and 120 N. W. of Misitra Long. 45 d. 40 m. Lat. 37 d. 20 m. It is the Capital of the Dutchy of Chiarenza and an Archbishoprick Towards the beginning of the Roman Monarchy this City had a great number of Inhabitants by reason both of its commodious Situation for Trade and of the Fertility of its Soil It is about five Miles distant from the Gulf that bears its Name where it has a good Sea-port called Panormus which the Emperor Augustus chused for the Retreat of his Navy and for that Reason made the Inhabitants of Patras Citizens of Rome and granted them several Immunities and Priviledges which gave occasion to the Romans to call this City Augusta Aroe Patrensis The Goddess Diana was worshipped here under the Name of Diana Latria and had a yearly Sacrifice offered her of a young Man and a Maid pickt out of the handsomest in all the City This Superstitious and Bloody Sacrifice continued till Euripiles came to Patras and was made a Christian Convert by the Apostle St. Andrew Patras is now very well peopled especially with Jews who drive a great Trade there with the Grecians of the Neighbouring Islands and the English and French Merchants It s Air is none of the wholesomest by reason of the Neighbouring Mountains covered with Snow almost all the Year round and of the Waters that surround it This City with the Territory belonging to it was formerly in the Possession of the Despotes of Greece the last of which not being able to keep it against the Turks sold it in 1408. to the Republick of Venice The Turks took it from the Venetians in 1463. but in 1533. they retook it from the Turks under the Command of General Doria The next Year after the Turks expelled the Venetians who took it again in 1687. after their General Morosini had given the Turks a considerable overthrow in its Neighbourhood II. Chiarenza Chiarenza which is thought to be the Ancient Cyllene stands on the right side of the River Inachus called by Ptolomy Penaeus Fluvius upon a Hill near the Gulph of Patras It has been a famous City and the Capital of the Dukedom of the same Name under its own Princes The Venetians made themselves Masters of it when it was still in a pretty good condition But it is now so extreamly changed that there is scarce any thing to be seen besides its Ditches and some miserable Vestiges of what it has been It s Port which was capable of many good Ships is now filled up with Sands It stands about 25 Miles S. W. of Patras III. Caminitza Caminitza called by Strabo and Ptolomy Olenus and by Pliny Olenum stands three Miles from the Gulph of Patras on the right Bank of the little River Pirus betwixt the Cape of Chiarenza and Patras at an equal distance from each It owes its Foundation to Olenus Son of Vulcan but tho' it has been a great City with a Bishop's See Suffragan of the Archbishoprick of Patras it is now reduced to a small inconsiderable Borough IV. Castel-Tornese Castel-Tornese called by the Turks Clemontzi is a little Town near the Cape of Tornese in the Dutchy of Chiarenza or according to others in the Province of Belvedere Built upon a heighth that overlooks a great Countrey round about betwixt the Gulf of Chiarenza and that of Arcadia called before Chelonates about three Miles from the Sea After the taking of Patras in 1687. Morosini summoned this Place which the Aga delivered presently Article II. Belvedere THIS Province Borders the River Carbon on the North Bounds which separates it from Chiarenza Zaconia or Braccio di Maina on the East the Sea of Sapienza on the South and that of Ionia on the West It contains the old Provinces of Elis and Messenia The most famous Capes Capes here are 1. Cape Jardan formerly Ichctus Promontorium 2. Cape di Sapienza or Cape Gallo antiently Acritas Promontorium The Places of Note in this Province are Modon Bish Cap. Coron Calamata Navarin I. Modon MOdon called by the Turks Mutum anciently Methone is in that part of Peloponnesus formerly called Messenia It is a strong rich and trading City with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Patras It s Seat is very advantagious being upon a Cape of the Sea of Sapienza at the Foot of which is a fair and good Port. This City was the ordinary Residence of the Sangiac or Governour of Morea for the Grand Seignior It has at several times undergone several Revolutions The Emperor Trajanus granted it great Priviledges which were confirmed upon it by Constantine the Great In 1124. the Venetians made themselves Masters of it under the Doge Domenico Michiole but the Emperor of Constantinople retook it the next Year after In 1204. upon the Division of the Empire it fell again into the Possession of the Venetians from whom it was taken by Leo Veteran a famous Pyrate of Genoa This Usurper did not enjoy it long for being taken in the Hellespont he was brought to Corfu where he suffered an Ignominious Death which so frighted his Party that the Captains Dandolo and Promalino made themselves Masters of Modon without any opposition In 1498. Bajazet II. laid Siege to it with an Army of 150000 Men and took it after a sharp Battel with the Army of the Venetians which came to relieve it In 1659. Morosini the Venetian General took it from the Turks but they regained it in the end of the Candian War In 1686. the Venetian Arms again prevailed to deliver this noble and strong City out of the Hands of the Infidels They found in it 90 Pieces of Cannon Modon stand 15 Miles S. W. of Coron and 70 almost W. of Cape Matapan Long. 40 d. Lat. 34 d. 58 m. II. Coron Coron has a strong and commodious situation on the left side of Cape Gallo called by Ptolomy Acritas Promontorium
once a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Patras It was anciently accounted a Colony of the Thebans called Pedasus by the Poets Epea by Pausanias and Corone by Strabo and Pliny The Figure of this City is an irregular Triangle At one of the Angles there is a great Tower built in 1463. by the Venetians for a Magazine the two other sides that are not washed by the Gulph that bears its Name leave a space wide enough to go round the Fortress which is environ'd with an old Wall of an unequal thickness flank'd with great Towers and a little way further towards the East there is a Suburb with 500 Houses This City has had several Masters Baudrand thinks that it was yielded to the Venetians by the Despotes Princes of Morea but Verdizzotti assures us that they never had it before the Division of the Eastern Empire In 1204. it was surprized by Leo Veteran a Genoese Pyrate but after he had been Executed at Corfu Coron returned to its Lawful Masters the Venetians from whom it was taken by the formidable Army of Bajazet II. in 1498. The Spaniards under General Doria took it from the Turks in 1533. and soon after were forced to leave it In 1685. General Francisco Morosini made himself Master of Coron notwithstanding the Vigorous Defence of the Besieged and the Succours that came to their Relief Several Men of Note lost their Lives during the Siege which lasted 49 days and among the others the Commandeur La Tour General of the Land Forces of Maltha the Prince of Brunswic the Prince of Savoy and Captain Ravagnin All the Turkish Garrison was put to the Sword This Town stands 15 Miles N. E. of Modon Long. 46 d. 20 m. 35 d. III. Calamata Calamata called by Baudrand Thelame Theramme Thuria and Abia is an unwalled Town of the left side of the River Spirnazza or Pamissus It is seated in an open Country of the Province of Belvedere is pretty well peopled and had a good strong Castle of a Regular Fabrick In 1659. General Morosini made himself Master of it by a Stratagem and abandon'd it after he had burn'd it and the Country round it The same General took this Castle again in 1685. and soon after caused it to be razed IV. Navarin Navarin or Zunchio Lat. Navarinum Nelea Pylus Messeniaca the Birth-place of the famous Nestor is called Javarin by the Turks It is divided into the new and old City The old is built upon a steep Rock which runs into the Sea and makes its situation very strong besides what Art has done to render it as it were impregnable On the left side thereof is the new City on the side of a Hill fortified with good Walls and a Cittadel with six Bastions built by the Turks in 1572. at the bottom whereof is a Haven the best and most capacious of all the Morea The entrance of this Harbour is commanded by the Cannon of the old Navarin In 1644. Sultan Ibrahim chose this Haven for the Rendezvouz of his Fleet consisting of 200 Sail design'd against Candia In 1498. the Turks after the Surrender of Modon took Navarin from the Venetians and kept it till 1686. when General Morosini appearing before old Navarin with 200 Sail Commanded by General Coningsmark forced the Garrison to a Surrender But the New Town made a stout Defence in hopes of being Relieved by the Serasquier of Morea then upon his March General Coningsmark leaving the Management of the Siege to Chevalier Alcenago fought and defeated the Serasquier upon which the Town Surrendred It stands 13 Miles N. of Modon and 28 almost W. of Coron Article III. Zaconia or Braccio Di Maina THIS Province is the largest of the four into which Morea is divided Bounds It Borders Chiarenza on the North Saccania on the East the Sea of Sapienza or of Candia on the South and Belvedere on the West It was formerly called Lelegia Aebalia Name Argia and Laconia There are many huge Rocks Caves and Precipices which render this Country subject to frequent Earthquakes The Principal Capes Capes here are 1. Cape Matapan of which we shall make a particular Description 2. Cape Onugato 3. Cape Maleo or Ale di san Michiel The Places of Note in this Province are Malvasia Archb. Cap. Misitra Zarnata Chielefa Passava Maina I. Malvasia Malvasia or Napoli di Malvasia anciently called Epidaurus or Epidaurus Limera and sometimes Monembusia is seated near the farthest South-Eastern Cape called Cape Maleo with an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Constantinople Is is built upon a Rock whence it has a pleasant Prospect both into the Sea and the adjacent Country It is also surrounded with the Sea and joined to the Continent by a Timber-bridge yet it has Springs of good fresh Water sufficient both to serve the City and their Gardens This City is of a very great strength being only approachable on the South side and there it is defended by a good Tripple Wall Next to this Wall there is a Suburb with a good number of Houses walled about with a strong Rampart There is also a very convenient Harbour defended by the Fortress It s Soil is very fruitful in Grapes of which is made the most exquisite Wine in all Greece and so much fam'd through all the World It yields also as much Corn as serves to maintain 60 Persons which considering the natural strength of the Place are enough for a Garrison This City owes its Foundation to a Colony of Argos and was anciently famous and much frequented on account of Aesculapius's Temple Tho' this place seem impregnable yet it was taken in 1204. from the Emperor of the East by the French and Venetians under the Command of Baldwin Count of Flanders the same that was Crowned Emperor of Constantinople and retaken again from William a French Baron to whom it was given by Baldwin Whereupon he resigned his Right to the Venetians who attacked it with a powerful Fleet and kept it till 1537. that they Surrendred it to Soliman to Purchase a Peace In the Candian War they took it again by Storm plundered burnt it put most of the Inhabitants ro the Sword carried away the Cannon and then left it The Turks afterwards rebuilded it In 1689. the Venetians Besieged it again under the Command of the Doge Morosini who being called home by the Senate on Septemb. 14. left it block'd up by three Forts and a Squadron of light Frigats On the 10th of August 1690. it was Surrendred to the Venetians being the last Town in the Morea that withstood them It stands 50 Miles almost E. of Misitra and 100 S. of Setines Long. 48 d. 5 m. Lat. 35 d. 40 m. II. Misitra This City was first called Sparta then Lacedaemon and now Misitra It is one of the Antientest of the World and the most famous of Greece Authors vary much about its Foundation some ascribe it to Spartus Son to King Amicla others to Sparta Wife to a
Cronia on the West and the Ruins of old Mycene on the South This City has undergone so many Vicissitudes that it has now but the bare Name left as a Memorial of its Ancient Greatness and Splendor the Magnificence of its Buildings being reduced to some pitiful paltry Houses and a Cittadel This City was sold to the Venetians in 1388. by Mary Erigana or Anguien in whose Hands it remained till Mahomet II's time The Venetians took it from the Turks in 1463. and lost it again a little while after But in the Year 1686. General Morosini recovered it again from the Tarks III. Corinth The City of Corinth vulgarly called Coranto Gerame by the Turks and Ephyro by Lauremberg is seated in the middle of the Isthmus to which it gives its Name It has the Title of an Archbishoprick and stands 85 Miles E. of Patras and 54 S. W. of Athens It is commanded by the famous Fortress called Acrocorinth which is near it It s Situation is so advantageous that it is called by some the Eye and the Bulwark of Peloponnesus The Romans upon pretence of an affront offered to their Ambassadors sent the Consul L. Mamius who burn'd and pillaged this City Anno Mundi 3818. but by the Care and Magnificence of Augustus it recovered its former Beauty and Riches Since that time it has often felt the fury of War especially under Amurath II. and Mahomet his Son so that it has now but the miserable ruins of its former Greatness and 20 or 30 Houses or rather Cottages it is subject to the Venetias since 1687. The Isthmus of Corinth The Isthmus of Corinth Lat. Isthmus Argolicus and Corinthiacus is a neck of land about six or seven Miles broad betwixt the Gulph of Lepanto and that of Engia which joins Morea to Achaia It was anciently very famous for the Ludi Isthmii or Isthmian Games instituted here by Theseus as also for its Theater Stadium Neptunes Temple and the Forest of Pine-Trees whose Leaves served to Crown the Combatants Several Princes as Alexander the Great Pitia Demetrius Julius Caesar Caligula Nero and Herod the Athenian either to advance Navigation and Trade or meerly to raise a Monument to their Fame have at different times attempted the digging through of this Isthmus but whether interrupted by more important business or wearied with the tediousness of the Work they have all of them left it unfinished Whence came the Latin Proverb Istmum fodere against those who undertake things beyond their strength Afterwards on this neck of Land a Wall was built which was called Hexamilon because it contained six Miles which is the whole breadth of the Isthmus This Wall was demolished by Amurath II. and being rebuilt and fortified by the Venetians was a second time pulled down by Mahomet II. in 1443. Article V. The Boundaries of Morea THE Bounds of this Peninsule as we have already hinted are the Isthmus of Corinth of which we have already treated and the Seas of Jonia Sapienza and of Candia and Aegeo in which we shall consider the Gulphs I. Gulphs of the Jonian Sea There are in this Sea five considerable Gulphs viz. 1. The Gulph of Lepanto called Crisaeus by the Ancients Helcyonius by Strabo Gulph of Pedras by Sophianus and Corinthiacus Sinus by others its length West and East is about 80 Miles washing on the North the Coasts of Achaia and on the South those of Morea 2. The Gulph of Patras so called from a Sea Town of Chiarenza which being environ'd partly by the Continent and partly by the opposite Islands resembles a spacious Lake in length about 200 Miles and about as many in breadth 3. The Gulph of Chiarenza so called from an ancient Sea Town extends it self from Cape Chiarenza to Castel Tornese 4. The Gulph of Arcadia called Chelonates or Chelonites Sinus by Ptolomy and Locardian by others stretches from Cape Tornese to Cape Jordan 5. The Gulph of Zanchio called formerly Cyparisius Sinus reaches from Cape Jardan to Cape Sapienza II. Gulphs of the Sea of Sapienza or of Candia Here are but two remarkable Gulphs viz. 1. The Gulph of Coron which washes the City whence it derives its name called Meseniacus Sinus by Ptolomy and Pliny Messenius by Strabo Coroneus and Asineus Sinus by some and Gulph of Calamata by others It is betwixt Cape Gallo and Cape Matapan 2. The Gulph of Colochina or of Castel Rampani or of Fleos called Laconicus Sinus by Strabo and Ptolomy washes Laconia and extends it self from Cape Matapan to Cape Malio III. Gulphs of the Mare Aegeo towards Morea Here are two remarkable Gulphs viz. 1. The Gulph of Napoli di Komania so called from the City of the same name and formerly Argolicus Sinus because it washed old Argïa its extent is from Cape Angelo to Cape Schilli 2. The Gulph of Engia is separated from that of Lepanto by the Isthmus of Corinth it comprehends a great many little Islands and Rocks It was formerly called Saronicus Sinus from the River Saron Salaminiacus by Pliny and Ptolomy from the Island Salamis Eleusinus by Strabo Hermonicus Sinus by some and lastly Gulph of Egena from the Island so called which is in the middle of it CHAP. VII Of the Islands about Greece Article I. Islands in the Jonian Sea The Islands of Note in this Sea may be reduced to Corfu Curzolaires Islands Santa Maura Cephalonia Teacchi Zante Strivales Islands I. Corfu This is one of the most considerable Islands under the Venetians It has had several Names some call it Scheria others Drepano Ephira Corintoa Effiso Cassiopea Argos Ceraunia Cercira and Corcyra from which lost its present Name of Corfu is derived It is 70 Italian Miles long W. and E. and 20 Miles broad in some Places 12 in others and 120 in compass its Soil is very fruitful abounding with Corn Honey Wine and very good Oyl The Air is serene mild and temperate which may be easily believed if we consider the Forests of Cedar and Orange Trees that grow there There are 100 Villages or Castles and a Town that bears the name of the Island in all which they reckon about 41000 Inhabitants The City of Corfu is seated in the middle of the Island with a very strong Fortress built upon a steep Rock whose foot is washed by the Sea It is an Archbishops See and is governed by six Nobles which are sent thieher every other year by the Republick of Venice who is in possession of this Island since 1327. Before that time it was subject to the Kings of Naples II. Curzolaires Islands The Curzolaires Islands are five in number they were known to the Ancients under the name of Echinades or Echinae the greatest of them are Same and Dulichio about a Mile from the Continent and 31 Miles W. of Lepanto III. Santa Maura The Island of Santa Maura or Lefcade was called by the Ancients Leucus or Leucadia It was formerly a Peninsule joined to the Continent of Achaia but the People of that
Candia anciently called Crete is an Island and Kingdom situated at the entry of the Archipelago Situation stretching from East to West one side towards Asia and the other towards Africa Extent It 's greatest length is from Cape Salomon to Cape Cornico The Country is good and fertile Quality and has divers small Rivers Rivers and Mountains Mountains Inhabitanta whereof Mount Ida different from Mount-Ida in Phrygia now called Psiloriti is the highest from the top of which both Seas may be seen It 's assured that towards the Sources of the Brook called Lene which is to the North of Mount-Ida there is a Grotto wrought into a Rock which is said to be the Labyrinth of Minos made according to Dedalus's Directions Its Inhabitants of this Island were the first that made themselves powerful at Sea by Navigation and on Land by the use of Arrows The sides their Experience at Sea they taught the way of taming and managing Horses they first of all invented Musick and were also the first that recorded their Laws Yet they have always had the Repute of being Vicious Lyars and Pyrates This Island was very famous for the Labyrinth of Minos History Invented by Dedalus and for the Ship called the Bull wherein Europa was carried away for the Amours of Pasiphae and by the Birth of Jupiter to whom this Island was Consecrated The Ancients reckoned above 100 Towns in it and called it Hecatompolis The Lacedemonians took Candia in Darius's Name in the 422 Year of Rome but L. Celius Metellus Consul of Rome made himself Master of it in 686 of Rom. Afterwards this Island was Subject to the Emperors of Rome and those of Constantinople until 823. that it was taken by the Saracens who Built the Town of Candia that gave its Name to the Island Nicephorus Phocas retook it in 962. Boniface Marquiss of Montferrat was Master of it and after Constantinople was taken by the French and Venetians he sold it to the latter in 1204. The Venetians fortified this Island in some places to curb the Inhabitants which were very subject to Rebel for in 1364. they had a mind to bring in the Genoeses but they were diverted by the wise Politicks of the Republick The Turks under pretence of Besieging Maltha in 1645. to be Revenged for the great Prize that the Knights under the Command of Bois-Baudran had taken in 1644. with a Sultan and an Ottoman Prince fell into Candia where they continued the War until 1669. They made themselves Masters of Canea in 1645. and then laid Siege to the Town of Candia which notwithstanding the endeavours of the French to rescue it from the Hands of the Infidels after a desperate War of 24 Years was forced to yield to the Turks but made honourable Conditions After the taking of this Important Place the Turks made themselves Masters of the greatest part of the Island which they have kept ever since The Chief Fortresses which were left to the Venetians by their last Treaty with the Port are Grabusa the Suda and Spina Longa. As for their Religion Religion the Venetians are Roman Catholicks but the other Inhabitants of the Island are of the Greek Church This Island is now divided into Four Territories Division which bear the Names of so many Principal Towns which are 1. Candia Archb. Cap. 2. Canea Bish 3. Rettimo Bish 4. Sittia On the Northern Shore I. Candia Candia is situated in the most Northern part and about the middle of the Island to which it gives its Name over-against the Isle of Standia with the Seat of an Archbishop who had Nine Suffragants It is both by Art and Nature one of the strongest Places in Europe Long. 50 d. 25 m. Lat. 34 d. 55 m. The Turks laid Siege to it in 1645. after the Battel of Carvaca but were forced to raise it after they had lost the best of their Army but left it Block'd up very close until 1667. and then they renewed the Siege again in the Month of May and took it by Composition in 1669. It is generally thought that the Turks lost 5 or 600000 Men at that Siege which exposed their Government to Rebellions often begun at Constantinople In 1692. the Venetians endeavoured to regain Candia but were forced to abandon the Enterprize with considerable loss II. Canea Canea was formerly called the Mother of Towns by the Grecians It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Candia and was taken by the Turks in 1645. III. Rettimo Rettimo is another small City and Bishoprick subject to the Turks IV. Sittia Sittia is another City Capital of a Territory of the same Name in the Northern Shore of the Island Article III. Islands in the Mare Egeo or Archipelago THere are in this Sea a great many Islands of which there are but three worth taking notice of viz. Egena Culuri and Negropont I. Egena Egena lyes about 15 Italian Miles from the Sea-coast of Athens 10 of Culuri and 12 of Morea It is called Egina by Strabo Aenone by Baudrand Myrmidonia by Brietius and Engi by the Mariners It is 30 Miles in Compass but has no Harbour for Ships Partridges multiply here to that degree that the Inhabitants are used to search their Nests and destroy their Eggs in the Spring to prevent the prejudice so great a quantity of Fowl might cause to their Seeds There are here two fine Monuments of Antiquity the first is a Temple of Venus towards the North of the Island the second is another Temple Dedicated to Jupiter by Aeacus first King of this Island The Town which bears the Name of the Island was formerly dignify'd with the Title of a Bishoprick Suffragan of the Archbishop of Athens and famous for the Birth of Paul of Medicis but it is now reduced to a Miserable Borough joined to the Fortress which is only remarkable for the Advantages of its situation upon a high craggy Rock which over-looks several Islands of the Archipelago This Island was formerly subject to the Venetians but since the time that Frederick Barberossa took it from them it was become a Receptacle of Banditto's and Pyrates In 1674. Morosini forced them to Surrender at Discretion and having pillag'd and demolished the Town he caused 300 Greeks and 40 Turks to be Chain'd in order to Row upon the Gallies of the Republick of Venice II. Culuri This Island was called by the Ancients Salamis and is known to the Mariners under the Name of Santa Bursia and under that of Cychria Scyrar and Pityussa to Baudrand It has a Village which bears its Name seated on the most Southern part of this Island with about 200 Houses in it and an Harbour which according to Mr. Spon's Travels is one of the largest in the World being Seven Miles long and Two broad This Island lyes about 10 Italian Miles from Egena 2 from Attica and is about 35 in Compass It has about a Thousand Inhabitants and