of_o menuf_n or_o memphis_n where_o his_o father_n live_v as_o his_o royal_a seat_n from_o this_o king_n coptus_n all_o the_o race_n of_o the_o egyptian_n be_v now_o call_v copty_v likewise_o from_o this_o first_o king_n the_o greek_n have_v give_v the_o name_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o land_n of_o egypt_n by_o change_v the_o k_o into_o g_z which_o be_v the_o custom_n not_o only_o of_o this_o language_n but_o also_o of_o the_o arabian_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o word_n nekkade_n and_o dunkala_n write_v in_o arabian_a with_o a_o k_o and_o nevertheless_o they_o be_v pronounce_v in_o discourse_n neggade_n and_o dungala_n as_o if_o they_o be_v write_v with_o a_o g._n they_o be_v the_o name_n of_o two_o town_n the_o one_o in_o the_o upper_a egypt_n and_o the_o other_o in_o nubia_n the_o moor_n and_o copty_v natural_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n call_v it_o massr_n from_o misraim_n the_o son_n of_o cham_n and_o the_o grandchild_n of_o noah_n who_o first_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o it_o after_o the_o deluge_n and_o from_o the_o same_o misraim_n the_o turk_n have_v name_v it_o missir_n and_o the_o jew_n eretz_n misraim_n the_o country_n of_o misraim_n egypt_n be_v situate_a in_o africa_n according_a to_o the_o common_a and_o ordinary_a opinion_n nevertheless_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n have_v place_v it_o part_n in_o africa_n and_o part_n in_o asia_n make_v the_o river_n nilus_n as_o the_o bound_n between_o these_o two_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n egypt_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o nubia_n and_o the_o last_o city_n of_o egypt_n be_v isvan_n call_v by_o the_o european_n see_z which_o be_v command_v by_o the_o bay_n of_o girge_n on_o the_o west_n it_o have_v the_o province_n of_o vah_o and_o barca_n and_o on_o the_o east_n be_v the_o desert_n that_o divide_v it_o from_o palestina_n and_o on_o the_o north_n be_v part_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n it_o stretch_v itself_o in_o length_n from_o the_o city_n of_o isvan_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n nilus_n at_o rosetta_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n that_o be_v from_o south_n to_o north_n about_o five_o hundred_o and_o threescore_o mile_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o declare_v it_o precise_o because_o they_o be_v not_o wont_a to_o measure_v the_o country_n by_o miles_n or_o by_o league_n but_o by_o the_o camel_n journey_n only_o i_o say_v here_o nothing_o but_o according_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o author_n that_o have_v examine_v it_o it_o be_v divide_v according_a to_o the_o account_n of_o the_o divan_n or_o treasury_n into_o three_o part_n 1._o into_o say_fw-la or_o the_o upper_a egypt_n which_o begin_v at_o sint_fw-la and_o extend_v as_o far_o as_o isvan_n 2._o into_o vostani_n or_o the_o middle_a egypt_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o say_a and_o cairo_n and_o 3._o into_o bahri_n or_o inferior_a egypt_n the_o middle_n begin_v at_o gize_v a_o village_n over_o against_o boulac_n and_o reach_n as_o far_o as_o momfallon_n and_o the_o low_a commence_v at_o cairo_n and_o include_v alexandria_n and_o damietta_n the_o upper_a egypt_n or_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v habitable_a and_o useful_a be_v very_o narrow_a in_o the_o wide_a part_n a_o horse_n in_o four_o hour_n may_v pass_v over_o it_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v not_o above_o three_o hour_n ride_v and_o the_o country_n in_o both_o side_n be_v wild_a sandy_a and_o hilly_a i_o can_v give_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o its_o wideness_n in_o the_o middle_n but_o yet_o i_o be_o persuade_v it_o be_v not_o much_o large_a nor_o wide_a than_o the_o high_a part_n for_o be_v situate_v between_o both_o egypt_n begin_v to_o grow_v wide_a about_o cairo_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o middle_n be_v not_o much_o wide_a than_o the_o upper_a part_n unless_o it_o be_v about_o the_o cascieflik_a of_o fiúm_n where_o egypt_n in_o the_o middle_n begin_v to_o be_v wide_a but_o yet_o i_o can_v give_v any_o exact_a account_n of_o it_o the_o inferior_a part_n be_v wide_a the_o inhabitant_n reckon_v about_o 70_o mile_n from_o damietta_n to_o alexandria_n the_o most_o western-town_n upon_o the_o sea-coast_n a_o learned_a person_n of_o this_o age_n in_o a_o discourse_n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o inundation_n of_o nilus_n have_v very_o well_o prove_v against_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n that_o the_o low_a egypt_n have_v always_o be_v and_o be_v not_o a_o new_a gift_n of_o nilus_n he_o ground_n his_o opinion_n first_o upon_o homerus_n who_o mention_n the_o old_a city_n of_o canopus_n which_o be_v at_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a entrance_n into_o nilus_n from_o the_o sea_n second_o upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o moses_n and_o david_n ps_n 77._o who_o have_v mention_v the_o city_n of_o tanis_n where_o be_v pharaoh_n court_n and_o where_o god_n perform_v great_a wonder_n egypt_n be_v always_o govern_v by_o king_n but_o the_o royal_a seat_n have_v not_o always_o continue_v the_o same_o for_o the_o conqueror_n have_v alter_v they_o according_a to_o their_o pleasure_n the_o first_o royal_a city_n as_o macrisi_n say_v be_v amsus_n but_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n have_v ruin_v it_o the_o posterity_n of_o noah_n build_v menuf_n or_o memphis_n which_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n of_o the_o race_n of_o coptus_n till_o nabuchodonozor_n have_v sack_v it_o when_o alexander_n the_o great_a have_v build_v alexandria_n he_o make_v it_o the_o principal_a city_n where_o all_o the_o succeed_a king_n of_o the_o greek_n make_v their_o residence_n for_o nine_o hundred_o year_n till_o the_o arabian_n have_v take_v egypt_n and_o make_v fostat_fw-ge metropolis_n but_o when_o giauher_o the_o general_n of_o meez_fw-fr le_fw-fr din-alla_a have_v build_v cairo_n about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o hegeira_n 362._o he_o call_v it_o there_fw-mi il_fw-fr memleke_n that_o be_v the_o royal_a seat_n which_o it_o have_v be_v ever_o since_o egypt_n have_v be_v govern_v by_o three_o several_a sort_n of_o mahometan_a prince_n since_o the_o arabian_n take_v it_o from_o the_o greek_n the_o first_o be_v name_v omara_n massr_n or_o lord_n of_o egypt_n without_o any_o other_o title_n they_o be_v all_o arabian_n and_o successor_n of_o amru_n ibn_n il_fw-fr ass_n who_o be_v the_o first_o conqueror_n and_o after_o to_o abu_n il_fw-fr fevares_n the_o last_o of_o that_o race_n we_o reckon_v one_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o prince_n of_o egypt_n during_o the_o space_n of_o 337_o year_n seven_o month_n and_o twenty_o day_n their_o conquest_n happen_v about_o twenty_o year_n after_o the_o hegeira_n and_o end_v in_o the_o year_n 358._o they_o all_o dwell_v at_o fostat_n masser_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o second_o race_n of_o the_o arabian_n be_v call_v caliphs_n they_o begin_v to_o take_v that_o title_n when_o general_n abuhassein_fw-fr giauher_n have_v build_v cairo_n by_o the_o order_n of_o meez_fw-fr le_fw-fr din-alba_a who_o be_v then_o prince_n of_o barbary_n and_o conquer_a egypt_n and_o take_v it_o from_o the_o arabian_n egypt_n be_v afterward_o govern_v by_o its_o caliphs_n about_o 108_o year_n 4_o month_n and_o 22_o day_n that_o be_v to_o the_o death_n of_o adet_n le_fw-fr din-alla_a who_o be_v the_o last_o and_o eleven_o caliph_n the_o three_o sort_n name_v sultan_n or_o sultan_n succeed_v immediate_o after_o of_o they_o there_o have_v be_v of_o four_o nation_n the_o first_o who_o be_v the_o posterity_n of_o a_o certain_a eijub_n be_v call_v sultan_n curd_n the_o second_o come_v from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n &_o be_v name_v mamaluk_n turk_n because_o they_o have_v be_v before_o slave_n and_o sell_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o constantinople_n to_o the_o king_n of_o egypt_n who_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v up_o and_o instruct_v in_o all_o martial_a discipline_n when_o the_o king_n be_v dead_a one_o of_o these_o slave_n be_v choose_v to_o succeed_v in_o the_o throne_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v style_v mamaluk_n circassian_n because_o they_o come_v original_o from_o circassia_n and_o be_v bring_v thither_o by_o the_o merchant_n as_o the_o former_a and_o sell_v also_o as_o slave_n to_o the_o king_n of_o egypt_n who_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v also_o train_v up_o as_o the_o former_a unto_o who_o they_o succeed_v in_o the_o regal_a dignity_n and_o command_n the_o four_o sort_n who_o be_v now_o in_o possession_n be_v the_o sultan_n of_o the_o race_n of_o ottoman_a who_o overcome_v the_o circassian_n sultan_n in_o the_o year_n 922._o of_o the_o hegeira_n for_o sultan_n selim_n conquer_a this_o kingdom_n in_o the_o year_n 1517._o egypt_n be_v inhabit_v at_o present_a by_o copty_v moor_n arabian_n turk_n greek_n jew_n and_o frank_n and_o other_o strange_a nation_n but_o as_o they_o be_v not_o numerous_a they_o deserve_v not_o to_o be_v mention_v the_o copty_v or_o copt_v be_v the_o natural_a
indies_n 4._o miski_n of_o the_o smell_n of_o musk_n 5._o ascickrihan_n or_o the_o lovely_a origanum_fw-la leblab_n be_v another_o plant_n call_v by_o the_o italian_n convolvolo_n by_o the_o french_a liseron_n and_o by_o the_o english_a bengiar_n be_v our_o beet_n mentur_fw-la otherwise_o name_v chobeize_v be_v our_o mallow_n here_o be_v also_o gillyflower_n lily_n and_o rose_n of_o all_o colour_n and_o in_o abundance_n merdekusch_n be_v our_o marjoram_n mersciénné_fw-fr lisan-hammel_a be_v our_o plantain_n lisant_fw-fr tor_n be_v our_o bugloss_n neane_v mint_n bamie_n and_o meluchie_n be_v ordinary_a potherb_n in_o egypt_n amberboy_n be_v amber_n seseban_n be_v a_o tall_a plant_n sow_o about_o the_o sugar-field_n it_o serve_v instead_o of_o a_o fence_n sciebeh_fw-it be_v rue_n of_o rome_n cheschach_n be_v the_o pavot_n hendal_n or_o colocinthis_n helbe_n name_v by_o the_o french_a fenugrec_n by_o the_o english_a they_o have_v a_o proverb_n in_o egypt_n that_o say_v bless_a be_v the_o foot_n that_o walk_v upon_o that_o ground_n where_o the_o helbe_n be_v sow_o they_o eat_v it_o raw_a and_o sodden_a carrot_n call_v in_o arab._n gissr_n be_v no_o big_a than_o radish_n succory_n call_v in_o arab._n hindibe_n lettuce_n call_v chas_n melieh_n pease_n tormus_n be_v lupin_n bersim_n or_o sinfoin_v il_fw-fr nile_n be_v indigo_n scich_a be_v absynthium_fw-la ponticum_fw-la gabbar_a be_v a_o herb_n that_o i_o find_v in_o abundance_n upon_o the_o mountain_n near_o the_o monastery_n of_o abuhennis_n homos_fw-la gebeli_fw-la be_v the_o wild_a pease_n of_o the_o mountain_n for_o they_o be_v like_o pease_n roiet_a gassal_n or_o hartsfoot_n so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v like_o the_o foot_n of_o this_o animal_n and_o both_o be_v oily_a selguem_fw-la call_v by_o the_o german_n rubsamen_fw-la zabuz_n oat_n saffron_n simsim_n or_o the_o sesame_n heb-il-sode_a call_v jugeolin_n tobacco_n rice_n sugar_n linni_n coulangian_n call_v in_o latin_a gulange_n and_o in_o french_a galangu_n of_o bird_n the_o rare_a bird_n that_o i_o have_v see_v in_o egypt_n be_v these_o sciamta_n be_v the_o big_a next_o to_o the_o ostrich_n it_o be_v so_o strong_a that_o some_o say_v it_o can_v carry_v up_o a_o man_n into_o the_o air._n next_o to_o these_o be_v the_o eagle_n the_o vulture_n name_v in_o arab._n akab_n which_o be_v very_o big_a gaddaf_n havam_n baz_n heddahs_n saker_n sciahin_n basciek_n rachm_n all_o these_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o vulture_n falcon_n and_o hawk_n there_o be_v also_o mezaz_n and_o begas_n otherwise_o call_v gemel_fw-la il_fw-it bahr_n or_o the_o river-camel_n or_o the_o pelican_n the_o saksak_n have_v a_o bone_n strong_a and_o sharp_a at_o the_o joint_n of_o each_o wing_n the_o guinney-hen_n crane_n wild-goose_n and_o many_o other_o bird_n which_o be_v ordinary_a among_o we_o there_o be_v also_o many_o austriche_n and_o chief_o in_o desert_n that_o lead_v to_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n anthony_n i_o have_v see_v there_o herd_n together_o i_o have_v read_v in_o a_o arabian_a manuscript_n call_v giauharet_n innefisse_v a_o remarkable_a thing_n concern_v the_o ostrich_n which_o i_o can_v pass_v over_o without_o publish_v when_o it_o intend_v to_o hatch_n its_o egg_n it_o sit_v not_o upon_o they_o as_o other_o bird_n but_o the_o male_a and_o the_o female_a hatch_n they_o with_o their_o eye_n only_o and_o when_o either_o of_o they_o have_v need_n to_o seek_v for_o food_n he_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o other_o by_o cry_v and_o the_o other_o continue_v to_o look_v upon_o the_o egg_n till_o it_o be_v return_v likewise_o when_o the_o other_o have_v the_o same_o desire_n to_o seek_v about_o for_o food_n he_o give_v the_o same_o notice_n with_o the_o same_o shriek_n that_o its_o companion_n may_v remain_v still_o to_o look_v upon_o the_o egg_n till_o they_o be_v all_o hatch_v for_o if_o they_o do_v but_o look_v off_o a_o moment_n the_o egg_n will_v spoil_v and_o rot_v the_o church_n of_o the_o copy_n have_v learn_v a_o excellent_a custom_n from_o the_o practice_n of_o this_o bird_n they_o hang_v up_o a_o light_a lamp_n between_o two_o egg_n of_o a_o ostrich_n over_o against_o the_o priest_n that_o officiate_n to_o advise_v they_o to_o be_v attentive_a about_o their_o devotion_n that_o their_o prayer_n may_v be_v more_o efficacious_a and_o may_v not_o lose_v their_o strength_n for_o want_v of_o attention_n it_o be_v now_o time_n to_o bring_v back_o my_o reader_n to_o my_o journal_n to_o damietta_n where_o i_o leave_v he_o that_o i_o may_v give_v he_o first_o a_o general_n description_n of_o egypt_n the_o continuation_n of_o the_o journal_n i_o set_v foot_n in_o diametta_n the_o 18_o day_n of_o feb._n 1672._o where_o i_o abide_v till_o the_o 8_o day_n of_o the_o next_o month_n sometime_o lodging_n in_o the_o city_n sometime_o in_o the_o bark_n that_o have_v bring_v i_o because_o it_o be_v load_v with_o wine_n for_o the_o consul_n and_o french_a merchant_n of_o cairo_n and_o the_o aga_n of_o the_o city_n will_v not_o suffer_v the_o wine_n to_o be_v carry_v ashore_o nor_o into_o the_o haven_n until_o the_o pacha_n have_v send_v he_o a_o express_a order_n to_o that_o purpose_n he_o deal_v in_o this_o manner_n because_o the_o grand_a signior_n have_v send_v very_o strict_a and_o severe_a order_n to_o forbid_v the_o importation_n of_o wine_n in_o all_o his_o dominion_n and_o because_o i_o be_v in_o the_o company_n of_o a_o servant_n of_o the_o french_a consul_n who_o i_o can_v not_o leave_v with_o civility_n because_o he_o can_v not_o understand_v the_o arabian_a tongue_n i_o be_v therefore_o engage_v to_o be_v his_o interpreter_n by_o the_o obligation_n that_o he_o have_v lay_v upon_o i_o in_o my_o voyage_n for_o his_o and_o his_o master_n sake_n i_o abide_v with_o he_o till_o the_o order_n be_v come_v and_o a_o janissary_n to_o guard_n the_o wine_n to_o cairo_n they_o load_v therewith_o two_o great_a bark_n and_o we_o depart_v immediate_o for_o damietta_n on_o saturday_n the_o 8_o of_o april_n and_o be_v at_o boulac_n a_o suburb_n of_o cairo_n the_o eve_n of_o wednesday_n before_o easter_n here_o follow_v the_o most_o remarkable_a passage_n and_o the_o description_n of_o the_o town_n and_o place_n which_o be_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n at_o damietta_n as_o far_o as_o grand_a cairo_n as_o they_o lie_v in_o order_n as_o soon_o as_o we_o enter_v into_o the_o river_n from_o the_o sea_n we_o find_v on_o the_o east-side_n at_o the_o mouth_n a_o old_a castle_n ruinate_v but_o small_a which_o as_o the_o franc_n say_v be_v build_v by_o s._n lewis_n the_o french_a king_n when_o he_o have_v damietta_n it_o be_v square_a and_o divide_v into_o four_o round_a turret_n upon_o which_o some_o artillery_n have_v be_v plant_v to_o command_v the_o passage_n and_o where_o a_o few_o moor_n be_v upon_o the_o guard_n a_o little_a further_o into_o the_o river_n stand_v a_o poor_a village_n name_v bogas_n or_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n because_o it_o be_v there_o situate_v the_o arabian_a word_n bogas_n signify_v so_o much_o in_o this_o village_n dwell_v the_o owner_n of_o the_o germe_n be_v long-boat_n make_v to_o un-load_n ship_n and_o draw_v they_o out_o of_o the_o sand_n that_o guide_n and_o tow_v along_o the_o ship_n that_o sail_v in_o or_o out_o of_o the_o river_n and_o discover_v to_o they_o the_o bank_n of_o sand_n which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a in_o this_o road._n in_o this_o village_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o foundation_n of_o another_o square_a fort_n the_o wall_n whereof_o be_v not_o yet_o finish_v and_o never_o likely_a to_o be_v there_o be_v also_o here_o two_o calitz_n or_o artificial_a channel_n full_a of_o the_o riverwater_n all_o the_o year_n make_v on_o purpose_n to_o water_v the_o field_n about_o a_o hundred_o pace_n from_o this_o village_n on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v another_o castle_n to_o command_v the_o mouth_n so_o that_o the_o two_o castle_n that_o be_v there_o plant_v for_o this_o purpose_n be_v not_o over_o against_o one_o another_o a_o description_n of_o the_o city_n of_o damietta_n damietta_n call_v by_o the_o arabian_n damiát_v a_o famous_a city_n of_o egypt_n be_v situate_a upon_o the_o east-side_n of_o nilus_n about_o eight_o mile_n from_o the_o mouth_n next_o to_o cairo_n it_o be_v the_o great_a most_o beautiful_a the_o rich_a the_o most_o populous_a and_o the_o full_a of_o merchant_n of_o all_o egypt_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o trade_n draw_v thither_o a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n form_n all_o part_n of_o turkey_n it_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o river_n nilus_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o half_a moon_n the_o wave_n of_o this_o river_n that_o wash_v the_o foundation_n of_o their_o house_n on_o that_o side_n and_o the_o great_a number_n of_o beautiful_a mosque_n together_o with_o the_o fleet_n of_o ship_n and_o bark_n that_o ride_v in_o
and_o the_o old_a testament_n write_v in_o the_o ethiopian_a language_n he_o and_o another_o of_o the_o same_o nation_n name_v peter_n of_o constantinople_n go_v with_o this_o pacha_n with_o a_o intention_n to_o get_v into_o their_o own_o country_n i_o hear_v some_o time_n after_o that_o this_o pietro_n be_v become_v a_o mahometan_a at_o sue_v to_o escape_v the_o fire_n unto_o which_o he_o be_v condemn_v for_o strike_v a_o moor._n a_o voyage_n to_o rosetta_n on_o monday_n the_o last_o of_o may_n i_o go_v out_o of_o cairo_n design_v for_o rosetta_n with_o the_o same_o leonard_n who_o have_v be_v with_o i_o at_o gemiane_n and_o a_o nubian_n slave_n that_o i_o have_v i_o go_v thither_o on_o purpose_n to_o spend_v there_o the_o time_n of_o the_o violent_a heat_n which_o be_v not_o so_o fierce_a in_o that_o city_n as_o at_o cairo_n as_o also_o to_o see_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n nilus_n at_o that_o city_n and_o to_o satisfy_v a_o doubt_n that_o i_o have_v about_o the_o water_n of_o maadÃe_n for_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o gulf_n or_o a_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n nilus_n with_o a_o intention_n from_o thence_o to_o go_v to_o alexandria_n to_o see_v its_o curiosity_n we_o be_v four_o day_n go_v from_o cairo_n to_o rosetta_n a_o extraordinary_a long_a time_n because_o the_o wind_n maltam_n or_o maestraux_n that_o blow_n against_o those_o that_o go_v down_o the_o river_n oppose_v our_o voyage_n the_o most_o remarkable_a town_n in_o this_o way_n be_v fuva_n sindiun_n teirut_n motubis_n and_o tféni_n by_o the_o river_n side_n fuva_fw-fr call_v by_o the_o greek_n metelis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o copty_v dictionary_n messil_n be_v a_o very_a ancient_a great_a and_o considerable_a town_n situate_v upon_o the_o east-side_n of_o nilus_n seven_o hour_n travel_v from_o resetta_n it_o be_v territory_n be_v very_o delightful_a because_o of_o the_o pleasant_a field_n and_o garden_n round_o about_o it_o bear_v fruit_n that_o be_v much_o esteem_v in_o all_o egypt_n geziret_fw-la iddahab_n or_o the_o island_n of_o gold_n be_v over_o against_o this_o city_n heretofore_o the_o river_n be_v so_o deep_a from_o the_o mouth_n as_o far_o as_o this_o town_n that_o great_a bark_n load_v be_v able_a to_o sail_v hither_o at_o that_o time_n the_o custom-house_n be_v keep_v here_o but_o in_o time_n the_o river_n become_v here_o so_o shallow_a that_o the_o bark_n be_v not_o able_a to_o come_v so_o far_o the_o custom-house_n have_v be_v since_o establish_v at_o rosetta_n where_o it_o continue_v yet_o sindiun_n and_o teirut_n be_v two_o other_o town_n situate_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o nilus_n over_o against_o one_o another_o as_o be_v also_o motúbis_n and_o tféni_n the_o first_o stand_v on_o the_o east-side_n the_o other_o on_o the_o westside_n at_o rosetta_n i_o lodge_v with_o mounseur_fw-fr reynaud_n vice-consul_n of_o the_o french_a in_o this_o city_n he_o be_v a_o very_a honest_a man_n he_o employ_v all_o his_o credit_n to_o procure_v i_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o curiosity_n round_o about_o for_o the_o information_n of_o all_o european_a traveller_n i_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o of_o late_a there_o be_v a_o carrier_n set_v up_o at_o rosetta_n who_o go_v by_o land_n to_o damietta_n when_o any_o desire_n to_o travel_v that_o way_n which_o conveniency_n be_v not_o former_o for_o when_o any_o intend_v that_o journey_n he_o be_v to_o run_v many_o hazard_n and_o inconvenience_n i_o have_v first_o design_v to_o go_v thither_o but_o instead_o of_o that_o journey_n i_o go_v to_o visit_v the_o monastery_n of_o the_o desert_n of_o s._n macarius_n where_o i_o expect_v more_o satisfaction_n i_o have_v long_o doubt_v whether_o the_o water_n of_o maadÃe_n or_o the_o pool_n that_o be_v halfway_n between_o rosetta_n and_o alexandria_n be_v a_o branch_n of_o nilus_n or_o else_o a_o gulf_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o another_o relation_n of_o egypt_n which_o i_o print_v in_o italian_a at_o paris_n in_o the_o year_n 1671._o i_o have_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o nilus_n but_o since_o i_o have_v understand_v the_o truth_n that_o it_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o gulf_n or_o pool_n for_o 1._o its_o water_n be_v very_a salt_n as_o far_o as_o etku_n its_o uttermost_a bound_n which_o town_n as_o i_o conceive_v be_v the_o same_o with_o motubis_n 2._o this_o water_n come_v not_o from_o nilus_n neither_o have_v any_o correspondency_n with_o this_o river_n true_a it_o be_v when_o nilus_n overflow_v it_o become_v sweet_a because_o of_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o river's-water_n with_o the_o water_n of_o this_o gulf_n it_o retain_v this_o sweetness_n about_o two_o month_n until_o nilus_n leave_v the_o field_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o tramontane_n or_o westerly_a wind_n blow_v the_o water_n of_o this_o pool_n return_v to_o their_o wont_a saltness_n and_o acrimony_n the_o 10_o of_o june_n i_o go_v to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n nilus_n about_o a_o hour_n sail_v from_o rosetta_n to_o take_v the_o description_n of_o it_o i_o take_v notice_n that_o nilus_n have_v there_o two_o branch_n or_o mouth_n though_o they_o be_v reckon_v but_o one_o that_o which_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o be_v call_v the_o easterly_a mouth_n and_o that_o which_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n towards_o the_o west_n and_o be_v name_v the_o westerly_a mouth_n they_o take_v the_o first_o to_o sail_v to_o brullos_n to_o damietta_n to_o seyda_o and_o constantinople_n &c_n &c_n and_o by_o this_o last_o they_o go_v to_o alexandria_n and_o other_o western_a part_n this_o separation_n proceed_v from_o a_o low_a island_n very_o small_a which_o stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o river_n next_o to_o the_o sea_n the_o mouth_n of_o nilus_n next_o to_o this_o city_n be_v guard_v with_o two_o castle_n one_o stand_v at_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o other_o at_o the_o west_n that_o which_o be_v about_o a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a from_o rosetta_n be_v square_a encompass_v about_o with_o strong_a wall_n build_v according_a to_o the_o old_a model_n have_v four_o tower_n in_o the_o middle_n be_v a_o high_a dungeon_n to_o retreat_n at_o last_o one_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o four_o janissary_n be_v there_o in_o garrison_n they_o lie_v every_o night_n in_o the_o garrison_n but_o in_o the_o daytime_n they_o have_v liberty_n to_o go_v into_o the_o city_n to_o work_v for_o their_o live_n it_o be_v furnish_v with_o threescore_o and_o fourteen_o piece_n of_o cannon_n seven_o be_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n the_o aga_n that_o command_v here_o in_o chief_a be_v a_o spanish_a renegado_n the_o other_o castle_n be_v but_o a_o mosque_n before_o it_o stand_v seven_o piece_n of_o artillery_n on_o the_o ground_n here_o command_v also_o a_o aga_n over_o a_o company_n of_o moor_n who_o examine_v all_o that_o go_v in_o or_o out_o of_o the_o city_n when_o i_o attempt_v to_o go_v out_o they_o come_v to_o my_o boat_n and_o oblige_v i_o to_o return_v into_o the_o city_n again_o though_o the_o janissary_n that_o be_v with_o i_o and_o well_o acquaint_v with_o they_o offer_v to_o answer_v for_o i_o they_o treat_v i_o in_o this_o manner_n for_o fear_v of_o a_o pirate_n of_o malta_n that_o sail_v before_o the_o haven_n at_o that_o time_n they_o be_v afraid_a that_o i_o have_v some_o intelligence_n with_o he_o to_o give_v he_o notice_n of_o some_o ship_n that_o be_v ready_a to_o set_v sail_n load_v from_o rosetta_n nevertheless_o i_o have_v another_o opportunity_n to_o take_v the_o description_n of_o this_o mouth_n also_o it_o be_v now_o in_o the_o closet_n of_o that_o person_n of_o quality_n who_o have_v the_o other_o a_o journey_n by_o land_n from_o rosetta_n to_o alexandria_n the_o 14_o of_o june_n i_o go_v in_o the_o evening_n from_o rosetta_n towards_o alexandria_n with_o a_o moor_n recommend_v to_o i_o by_o the_o french_a vice-consul_n of_o this_o city_n we_o have_v two_o mule_n to_o carry_v we_o for_o which_o i_o pay_v seventeen_o meidin_n for_o the_o whole_a journey_n about_o midnight_n we_o come_v to_o the_o water_n name_v by_o the_o moor_n maadÃe_n after_o a_o little_a stay_n in_o the_o have_fw-mi or_o public_a inn_n we_o proceed_v on_o in_o our_o journey_n in_o a_o moon-shining_a night_n towards_o alexandria_n where_o we_o arrive_v the_o next_o day_n about_o eight_o or_o nine_o a_o clock_n from_o rosetta_n to_o alexandria_n there_o be_v ten_o hour_n travel_v for_o a_o horseman_n the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o way_n be_v along_o the_o sea-coast_n so_o that_o the_o beast_n have_v a_o long_a way_n their_o foot_n in_o water_n the_o country_n be_v so_o even_o that_o there_o be_v no_o trouble_n for_o traveller_n and_o unless_o it_o be_v the_o have_fw-mi in_o the_o midway_n there_o be_v neither_o village_n nor_o tree_n nor_o grass_n to_o be_v
damietta_n and_o enter_v into_o the_o bogas_n or_o channel_n of_o boulac_n the_o clear_a wether_n give_v i_o the_o liberty_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o two_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n i_o find_v that_o the_o branch_n that_o go_v to_o rosetta_n stretch_v itself_o to_o the_o north-east_n and_o that_o of_o diametta_n to_o the_o north._n in_o respect_n of_o this_o last_o cairo_n stand_v to_o the_o southeast_n and_o its_o castle_n to_o the_o south_n at_o this_o bogas_n the_o two_o great_a pyramid_n of_o egypt_n be_v first_o discover_v they_o appear_v here_o to_o be_v equal_a though_o one_o be_v far_o high_a than_o the_o other_o from_o this_o separation_n or_o division_n of_o nilus_n as_o far_o as_o boulac_n there_o be_v but_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o half_n travel_v though_o mounseur_fw-fr thevenot_n tell_v we_o of_o six_o league_n we_o land_v at_o boulac_n the_o wednesday_n before_o easter_n at_o night_n i_o stay_v there_o till_o the_o next_o morning_n and_o enter_v into_o cairo_n about_o noon_n at_o my_o entrance_n i_o pay_v a_o crown_n at_o the_o customhouse_n of_o boulac_n which_o be_v a_o ordinary_a tribute_n demand_v of_o all_o franc_n many_o year_n ago_o a_o description_n of_o the_o city_n of_o cairo_n my_o design_n at_o first_o be_v to_o publish_v a_o large_a description_n of_o all_o the_o rarity_n of_o this_o great_a and_o famous_a city_n before_o i_o proceed_v on_o in_o my_o journal_n but_o since_o i_o have_v consider_v that_o great_a volume_n be_v wont_v to_o nauseate_n rather_o than_o to_o delight_v the_o reader_n chief_o in_o these_o day_n that_o man_n be_v please_v with_o the_o read_n of_o short_a and_o small_a volume_n i_o have_v therefore_o take_v notice_n of_o those_o thing_n only_o which_o other_o traveller_n have_v omit_v and_o can_v never_o know_v perfect_o for_o want_n of_o a_o insight_n into_o the_o arabian_a tongue_n he_o that_o will_v know_v more_o may_v peruse_v the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o chottat_n of_o macrizi_n the_o city_n of_o cairo_n borrow_v the_o name_n from_o the_o planet_n mars_n call_v by_o the_o arabian_n kaher_n which_o name_n be_v give_v to_o it_o as_o say_v the_o serrúr_n a_o arabian_a historian_n because_o the_o foundation_n of_o its_o wall_n be_v lay_v when_o this_o planet_n be_v in_o its_o ascent_n which_o happen_v unhappy_o in_o this_o manner_n giauher_o the_o general_n of_o meez_fw-fr le_fw-fr dÃn_fw-fr allá_fw-fr one_o of_o the_o cailiff_n of_o egypt_n have_v resolve_v to_o build_v a_o new_a city_n for_o the_o abode_n of_o his_o lord_n in_o the_o year_n 362_o of_o the_o hegira_n he_o give_v order_n to_o the_o astronomer_n to_o observe_v the_o time_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o good_a star_n when_o the_o foundation_n may_v be_v lay_v that_o the_o city_n may_v be_v the_o more_o happy_a and_o of_o a_o long_a continuance_n the_o astronomer_n according_o encompass_v about_o with_o rope_n all_o that_o space_n of_o ground_n that_o be_v to_o be_v shut_v into_o the_o wall_n tie_v to_o the_o rope_n a_o great_a many_o little_a bell_n to_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o builder_n when_o they_o be_v to_o cast_v the_o foundation_n the_o signal_n be_v the_o sound_v of_o the_o bell_n which_o be_v to_o be_v give_v when_o they_o see_v the_o rise_n of_o a_o good_a star_n by_o chance_v it_o happen_v that_o a_o crow_n pitch_v upon_o the_o rope_n that_o be_v stretch_v along_o when_o mars_n be_v in_o its_o rise_n and_o with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o rope_n cause_v the_o bell_n to_o sound_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o mason_n hear_v the_o signal_n give_v they_o cast_v all_o with_o one_o consent_n the_o foundation_n which_o when_o the_o astronomer_n have_v understand_v they_o declare_v by_o unlucky_a rise_n of_o mars_n that_o govern_v at_o that_o instant_a that_o the_o city_n shall_v be_v one_o day_n take_v by_o a_o conqueror_n that_o shall_v come_v out_o of_o romania_n where_o mars_n govern_v which_o have_v prove_v true_a about_o five_o hundred_o and_o threescore_o year_n after_o when_o sultan_n selim_n come_v from_o constantinople_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o romania_n and_o take_v not_o only_o the_o city_n but_o the_o whole_a country_n and_o destroy_v the_o race_n of_o their_o king_n by_o hang_v the_o last_o though_o they_o conceive_v that_o this_o star_n will_v prove_v unlucky_a they_o call_v the_o city_n nevertheless_o kahera_n or_o cairo_n as_o we_o name_v it_o in_o europe_n which_o name_n continue_v till_o this_o day_n this_o city_n be_v become_v very_o rich_a powerful_a and_o great_a by_o its_o trade_n insomuch_o that_o of_o all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o levant_n this_o alone_a have_v deserve_v the_o name_n of_o great_a it_o be_v situate_a in_o a_o champain_n very_o delightful_a at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o mountain_n of_o sand_n name_v in_o arab._n gebel_n il_fw-fr mokattam_fw-la or_o the_o mountain_n cut_v through_o which_o stand_v on_o the_o east-side_n and_o incommode_n the_o city_n because_o it_o deprive_v it_o of_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o fresh_a wind_n that_o blow_v from_o thence_o this_o city_n have_v another_o inconveniency_n it_o be_v far_o from_o the_o river_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n more_o delightful_a than_o to_o take_v a_o prospect_n of_o it_o from_o some_o eminent_a place_n for_o you_o may_v from_o thence_o view_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o house_n which_o instead_o of_o cover_n have_v turret_n and_o see_v a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o mosque_n with_o their_o various_a colour_n of_o differ_v building_n intermingle_v and_o surround_v with_o palm-tree_n and_o garden_n all_o which_o together_o represent_v a_o most_o beautiful_a prospect_n it_o have_v seven_o gate_n the_o name_n be_v 1._o bab_n zucile_fw-la 2._o bab_n innassr_n 3._o bab_n il_fw-fr fetúb_n 4._o bab_n il_fw-fr kántara_n 5._o bab_n isscia_fw-la a_o rÃe_n 6._o bab_n issaade_v 7._o bab_n il_fw-fr mahrúk_n there_o be_v eight_o lake_n very_o large_a that_o belong_v to_o it_o 1._o birket_n ittemálgie_n 2._o birket_n inassrÃe_n 3._o birket_n ibn_fw-fr il_fw-fr ademe_n 4._o birket_n il_fw-mi fill_v 5._o birket_n il_fw-fr kar-a_a 6._o birket_n il_fw-fr ferrain_n 7._o birket_n il_fw-fr ezbekie_n and_o 8._o birket_n il_fw-it kassarin_fw-mi there_o be_v a_o channel_n cut_v through_o this_o city_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o north-east_n call_v the_o calitz_n of_o cairo_n it_o be_v very_o ancient_a ibn_n abd_v ill_a hokm_n a_o arabian_a historian_n say_v that_o tarsis_n ibn_n malia_n one_o of_o the_o pharaoh_n and_o as_o he_o believe_v the_o king_n that_o take_v the_o wife_n of_o abraham_n when_o he_o be_v in_o egypt_n cause_v it_o first_o to_o be_v cut_v since_o the_o arabian_n conquer_v egypt_n and_o take_v it_o from_o the_o emperor_n heraclius_n they_o have_v name_v it_o calitz_n emir_n il_fw-fr muminin_n or_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o faithful_a because_o of_o amru_n ibn_v chottab_v the_o second_o califf_n after_o mahomet_n who_o be_v the_o first_o surname_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o faithful_a because_o he_o command_v amru_n ibn_v ass_n to_o lead_v he_o as_o far_o as_o colzim_n a_o town_n situate_a near_o the_o red-sea_n that_o he_o may_v convey_v the_o provision_n of_o cairo_n as_o far_o as_o this_o city_n and_o from_o thence_o by_o the_o red-sea_n to_o mecha_n where_o there_o be_v at_o that_o time_n a_o great_a want_n of_o food_n it_o continue_v in_o this_o manner_n till_o the_o year_n 150_o of_o the_o hegira_n when_o ciafer_n il_fw-fr mansur_n a_o califf_n of_o egypt_n of_o the_o race_n of_o abbas_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v stop_v on_o that_o side_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o sea_n now_o it_o be_v call_v calitz_n il_fw-fr hakemi_fw-fr or_o the_o calitz_n of_o hakem_n because_o hakem-be_a amr_n ille_fw-la another_o califf_n of_o egypt_n cause_v this_o channel_n which_o be_v decay_v through_o the_o negligence_n of_o his_o predecessor_n to_o be_v repair_v it_o be_v call_v also_o merachemi_a or_o the_o calitz_n pave_v with_o marble_n as_o we_o may_v see_v by_o some_o passage_n of_o the_o serrúr_n a_o arabian_a history_n which_o i_o have_v bring_v with_o i_o from_o egypt_n in_o my_o relation_n of_o egypt_n print_v in_o italian_a at_o paris_n 1671._o i_o say_v that_o the_o turk_n copty_v and_o jew_n open_a in_o their_o turn_n this_o channel_n every_o year_n but_o i_o understand_v since_o that_o this_o office_n belong_v only_o to_o the_o soubaschi_n of_o cairo_n who_o strike_v the_o first_o three_o or_o four_o blow_n upon_o the_o bank_n that_o hinder_v the_o river_n from_o enter_v into_o the_o channel_n afterward_o all_o that_o will_v work_n have_v liberty_n grant_v the_o copy_n have_v but_o two_o church_n at_o cairo_n one_o in_o the_o street_n name_v haret_n zuele_n and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o greek_n street_n the_o first_o be_v dedicate_v to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n and_o be_v build_v by_o
see_v it_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o plain_a champain_n of_o sand_n altogether_o unfruitful_a every_o franc_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v at_o the_o entrance_n into_o alexandria_n at_o the_o gate_n of_o rosetta_n three_o para_n half_a to_o the_o beduin_n or_o boemiens_n and_o half_a to_o the_o janissary_n because_o they_o be_v there_o upon_o the_o guard_n at_o my_o first_o arrival_n at_o alexandria_n on_o the_o 15_o of_o the_o same_o month_n i_o go_v to_o salute_v mounseur_fw-fr laurens_n vice-consul_n in_o this_o city_n for_o the_o french_a who_o express_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o civility_n to_o i_o and_o offer_v i_o his_o table_n and_o a_o chamber_n in_o his_o house_n but_o in_o regard_n i_o be_v recommend_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr brousson_n the_o factor_n of_o the_o levant_n company_n to_o mounseur_fw-fr sabatery_a his_o intimate_a friend_n and_o factor_n there_o and_o in_o regard_n he_o have_v a_o convenient_a lodging_n which_o he_o offer_v i_o to_o content_v they_o both_o i_o lodge_v with_o mounseur_fw-fr sabatery_a and_o make_v use_v of_o the_o vice-consul's_a table_n all_o the_o time_n i_o stay_v at_o alexandria_n i_o go_v next_o to_o visit_v a_o intimate_a friend_n with_o who_o i_o have_v a_o acquaintance_n in_o my_o first_o voyage_n to_o egypt_n he_o be_v call_v komos_n jean_n archpriest_n of_o the_o church_n of_o s._n mark_v of_o the_o copty_v he_o be_v a_o understanding_n and_o a_o honest_a man_n and_o have_v inform_v i_o much_o concern_v the_o affair_n of_o egypt_n i_o understand_v from_o the_o french_a merchant_n of_o this_o city_n that_o their_o fondego_n have_v be_v build_v by_o the_o grand_a seignior_n order_n for_o their_o lodging_n and_o since_o their_o establishment_n in_o this_o city_n the_o turkish_a emperor_n be_v wont_a to_o pay_v to_o the_o french_a consul_n ever_o year_n two_o hundred_o crown_n for_o the_o reparation_n of_o this_o house_n but_o of_o late_o they_o do_v see_v this_o money_n the_o cause_n be_v not_o well_o know_v on_o the_o 16_o of_o this_o month_n i_o go_v to_o a_o jew_n house_n with_o a_o intention_n to_o buy_v of_o he_o a_o curious_a hieroglyphic_n stone_n that_o stand_v at_o the_o threshold_n of_o his_o door_n it_o be_v about_o a_o ell_n and_o ahalf_a long_a and_o about_o a_o foot_n broad_a of_o a_o marble_n colour_n upon_o which_o be_v grave_v three_o line_n of_o hieroglyphic_n letter_n in_o very_o small_a character_n which_o be_v to_o be_v read_v from_o the_o left_a hand_n to_o the_o right_n this_o stone_n be_v desire_v by_o monsieur_n thevenot_n who_o endeavour_v to_o buy_v it_o he_o offer_v as_o i_o be_v tell_v thirty_o piastre_n to_o this_o jew_n for_o it_o but_o the_o other_o ask_v a_o hundred_o all_o the_o people_n of_o the_o levant_n have_v this_o foolish_a custom_n to_o raise_v the_o price_n of_o their_o commodity_n when_o they_o see_v that_o a_o franc_n desire_v any_o thing_n though_o it_o be_v but_o a_o trifle_n the_o other_o desire_n make_v they_o think_v it_o to_o be_v unvaluable_a they_o prize_v it_o therefore_o at_o such_o a_o rate_n that_o none_o dare_v meddle_v with_o it_o they_o be_v so_o simple_a to_o suffer_v the_o commodity_n to_o lie_v upon_o their_o hand_n and_o spoil_n rather_o than_o to_o sell_v it_o to_o a_o franc_n at_o the_o same_o rate_n that_o they_o will_v give_v it_o to_o a_o man_n of_o the_o levant_n nevertheless_o i_o expect_v that_o the_o jew_n have_v change_v his_o mind_n since_o that_o time_n i_o offer_v he_o the_o same_o price_n that_o this_o franc_n have_v offer_v before_o but_o when_o i_o see_v that_o my_o offer_n render_v he_o more_o proud_a resolve_v in_o his_o first_o demand_n i_o never_o trouble_v he_o afterward_o the_o lodging_n of_o the_o seventy_o interpreter_n who_o translate_v the_o hebrew_n bible_n into_o greek_a be_v yet_o stand_v in_o this_o city_n almost_o entire_a with_o the_o closet_n where_o they_o perform_v their_o work_n the_o turk_n have_v make_v a_o mosque_n there_o which_o they_o name_n giama_n il_fw-fr garbÃe_fw-fr or_o the_o mosque_n of_o the_o levant_n it_o be_v to_o be_v see_v with_o money_n mounseur_fw-fr brew_n chief_a interpreter_n of_o the_o french_a consul_n of_o cairo_n have_v go_v in_o the_o 19_o of_o june_n be_v saturday_n i_o go_v to_o see_v the_o salt-pit_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n which_o be_v out_o of_o the_o city_n near_o the_o calitz_n or_o channel_n of_o cleopatra_n from_o whence_o they_o have_v their_o freshwater_n when_o the_o river_n run_v over_o the_o bank_n and_o near_o the_o garden_n of_o a_o moor_n often_o visit_v by_o the_o french_a merchant_n which_o be_v call_v gheit_n ill_a chavagie_n or_o the_o merchant_n garden_n in_o these_o salt-pit_n i_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o two_o thing_n very_o remarkable_a first_o that_o the_o water_n of_o nilus_n the_o sweet_a water_n and_o the_o fresh_a in_o the_o world_n make_v a_o salt_n not_o only_o white_a than_o ordinary_a but_o very_o excellent_a second_o that_o this_o salt_n have_v the_o taste_n of_o violet_n they_o that_o have_v the_o care_n of_o those_o salt-pit_n cause_v a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o the_o riverwater_n to_o run_v into_o the_o salt-pit_n and_o sour_a or_o five_o day_n after_o the_o water_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o salt_n the_o most_o beautiful_a to_o the_o eye_n afterward_o they_o carry_v it_o in_o basket_n to_o dry_a in_o the_o sun_n than_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v sell_v salt_n be_v also_o to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o lake_n sebaka_fw-mi name_v by_o the_o ancient_a latin_n palus_n mareotis_n which_o be_v at_o the_o southside_n of_o this_o city_n but_o its_o water_n be_v natural_o salt_n and_o its_o salt_n be_v bitter_a when_o it_o be_v make_v therefore_o they_o neglect_v it_o this_o lake_n proceed_v from_o the_o river_n nilus_n when_o it_o overflow_v the_o water_n there_o continue_v because_o they_o have_v no_o passage_n out_o it_o be_v not_o very_o deep_a but_o so_o large_a that_o from_o one_o side_n one_o can_v well_o see_v the_o other_o the_o copty_v of_o alexandria_n have_v in_o their_o church_n of_o s._n mark_n a_o picture_n of_o the_o archangel_n s_o michael_n draw_v by_o s._n luke_n as_o report_n go_v mounseur_fw-fr lucasole_n chancellor_n of_o the_o french_a nation_n in_o this_o city_n tell_v i_o that_o the_o venetian_n have_v carry_v away_o this_o picture_n some_o time-since_a and_o sail_v with_o it_o five_o time_n out_o of_o the_o haven_n but_o can_v not_o proceed_v on_o in_o their_o voyage_n because_o they_o be_v stop_v by_o a_o invisible_a hand_n every_o time_n that_o they_o intend_v to_o sail_v away_o and_o can_v never_o depart_v till_o they_o have_v carry_v back_o the_o picture_n the_o report_n of_o this_o wonder_n be_v spread_v abroad_o in_o the_o city_n the_o beduin_n or_o boemiens_n as_o we_o call_v they_o take_v a_o resolution_n secret_o to_o steal_v it_o away_o and_o sell_v it_o to_o the_o franc_n according_o when_o they_o have_v break_v open_a the_o door_n of_o the_o church_n and_o pull_v it_o down_o from_o the_o place_n where_o it_o stand_v they_o can_v not_o possible_o get_v out_o with_o it_o so_o that_o they_o be_v also_o force_v to_o put_v it_o up_o again_o in_o its_o place_n as_o the_o venetian_n have_v do_v before_o where_o it_o remain_v still_o i_o have_v see_v it_o mounseur_fw-fr lucasole_n tell_v i_o that_o this_o be_v very_o true_a and_o that_o he_o himself_o be_v then_o at_o alexandria_n i_o have_v read_v something_o concern_v the_o water_n of_o the_o cistern_n of_o alexandria_n in_o the_o book_n of_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr ch._n that_o treat_v of_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o river_n nilus_n that_o they_o become_v salt_n about_o the_o month_n of_o april_n and_o may_n and_o that_o in_o the_o night_n that_o the_o fruitful_a dew_n fall_v they_o return_v to_o their_o former_a sweetness_n and_o increase_v beside_o with_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n i_o shall_v not_o offer_v to_o deny_v flat_o a_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v true_a and_o which_o monsieur_n burattini_n cite_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr ch._n say_v have_v be_v observe_v by_o several_a person_n but_o i_o dare_v say_v that_o in_o two_o several_a voyage_n into_o egypt_n and_o during_o my_o long_a abode_n at_o alexandria_n in_o several_a season_n of_o the_o year_n though_o i_o have_v observe_v as_o exact_o as_o i_o can_v all_o thing_n i_o never_o hear_v that_o the_o water_n of_o these_o cistern_n do_v become_v salt_n or_o that_o they_o do_v increase_v with_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n or_o that_o they_o do_v recover_v their_o former_a freshness_n and_o sweetness_n i_o have_v nevertheless_o wonder_v a_o little_a to_o taste_v they_o somewhat_o salt_n so_o that_o they_o seem_v not_o to_o come_v from_o so_o fresh_a a_o river_n this_o quality_n proceed_v from_o the_o nitrous_a earth_n which_o may_v be_v know_v by_o
this_o experiment_n if_o a_o piece_n of_o earth_n about_o alexandria_n be_v put_v in_o the_o hot_a sun_n it_o will_v become_v white_a as_o snow_n on_o that_o side_n that_o be_v towards_o the_o sun_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o pompey_n and_o of_o the_o cave_n that_o be_v near_o alexandria_n not_o far_o from_o it_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n i_o go_v to_o see_v the_o pillar_n of_o pompey_n and_o other_o rarity_n thereabouts_o in_o the_o company_n of_o mounseur_fw-fr truillard_n the_o elder_a a_o french_a merchant_n and_o of_o the_o janissary_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o vice-consul_n we_o go_v out_o at_o the_o gate_n call_v babissidr_n where_o this_o pillar_n stand_v upon_o a_o little_a hill_n towards_o the_o south_n when_o i_o draw_v near_o i_o take_v notice_n that_o it_o lean_v on_o one_o side_n whereas_o eight_o year_n before_o it_o stand_v very_o straight_o when_o i_o see_v it_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o be_v the_o arabian_n who_o out_o of_o a_o persuasion_n of_o some_o great_a treasure_n hide_v under_o have_v dig_v and_o undermine_v it_o and_o have_v draw_v out_o of_o its_o foundation_n many_o great_a heap_n of_o stone_n that_o hold_v it_o up_o this_o cause_v it_o to_o lean_v a_o little_a on_o that_o side_n they_o have_v overthrow_v it_o have_v they_o not_o find_v at_o the_o bottom_n stone_n of_o a_o fearful_a bigness_n and_o so_o great_a that_o neither_o they_o nor_o any_o body_n else_o be_v able_a to_o draw_v they_o out_o the_o description_n and_o dimension_n of_o this_o pillar_n be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o monsieur_n thevenot_n therefore_o i_o say_v no_o more_o of_o it_o here_o because_o i_o will_v not_o stuff_v this_o book_n with_o ordinary_a thing_n mention_v before_o in_o other_o travel_n after_o we_o have_v well_o view_v this_o pillar_n we_o march_v along_o the_o calitz_n as_o far_o as_o the_o place_n that_o be_v over_o against_o the_o city_n wall_n to_o observe_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o water_n we_o go_v with_o this_o design_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o calitz_n over_o the_o little_a bridge_n that_o be_v near_o it_o when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o little_a arch_n that_o be_v under_o the_o wall_n through_o which_o the_o river_n enter_v into_o the_o city_n we_o make_v our_o observation_n and_o take_v next_o the_o way_n that_o lead_v to_o the_o cave_n that_o be_v in_o the_o field_n at_o west-south-west_n of_o the_o gate_n out_o of_o which_o we_o come_v and_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o league_n in_o our_o way_n towards_o the_o lake_n sebaca_n we_o come_v to_o the_o cave_n have_v leave_v at_o west-north-west_n a_o mosque_n in_o a_o plain_a field_n where_o be_v bury_v a_o certain_a schech_n of_o the_o moor_n call_v sidi_n gam_n ill_a gábbari_fw-la at_o our_o entrance_n we_o go_v down_o a_o dozen_o step_n into_o a_o very_a large_a alley_n dig_v in_o the_o rock_n but_o open_v atop_o it_o may_v be_v the_o vault_n be_v fall_v by_o length_n of_o time_n in_o this_o alley_n be_v fifteen_o great_a hole_n cut_v in_o the_o rock_n in_o the_o fashion_n of_o great_a gate_n seven_o be_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o eight_o on_o the_o left_a through_o which_o man_n enter_v into_o the_o cave_n we_o go_v into_o four_o with_o our_o torch_n light_v our_o janissary_n before_o we_o we_o find_v round_o about_o the_o wall_n in_o the_o firm_a rock_n from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n hole_n cut_v in_o the_o rock_n very_o orderly_o and_o of_o a_o length_n and_o breadth_n fit_a to_o hold_v a_o coffin_n many_o of_o these_o cave_n be_v cut_v to_o open_v a_o way_n to_o other_o this_o inconveniency_n we_o find_v there_o they_o be_v almost_o all_o fill_v up_o with_o earth_n and_o sand_n which_o cause_v we_o to_o kneel_v for_o the_o most_o part_n this_o do_v not_o hinder_v we_o from_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o which_o be_v most_o remarkable_a while_o we_o be_v in_o one_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o alley_n one_o of_o our_o company_n perceive_v with_o the_o light_n of_o his_o taper_n that_o one_o of_o the_o hole_n open_v a_o passage_n to_o another_o cave_n which_o cause_v we_o to_o see_v whether_o there_o be_v not_o there_o any_o thing_n worthy_a of_o our_o notice_n though_o the_o hole_n be_v but_o small_a and_o narrow_a we_o creep_v in_o upon_o our_o belly_n with_o our_o light_a taper_n and_o one_o after_o another_o we_o come_v to_o the_o other_o side_n where_o we_o sound_v one_o of_o the_o strange_a and_o most_o curious_a cave_n that_o we_o have_v ever_o see_v it_o be_v great_a more_o complete_a and_o clean_a than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o build_v long_o and_o square_a and_o well_o plaster_v with_o lime_n at_o each_o side_n of_o the_o wall_n which_o be_v the_o main_a rock_n there_o be_v three_o rank_n of_o hole_n like_v to_o those_o that_o we_o have_v see_v in_o the_o former_a in_o the_o long_a side_n be_v fifteen_o in_o every_o rank_n place_v one_o a_o top_n of_o the_o other_o in_o all_o they_o be_v forty-five_o the_o two_o end_n or_o side_n that_o be_v short_a have_v likewise_o three_o rank_n and_o 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day_n of_o great_a rejoice_v all_o over_o the_o city_n the_o city_n of_o alexandria_n have_v six_o gate_n three_o be_v open_a namely_o that_o towards_o the_o south_n call_v bab_n issidr_n that_o which_o be_v at_o the_o east_n name_v bab_n irrascîd_v or_o the_o gate_n of_o rosetta_n that_o which_o look_v to_o the_o north-east_n and_o be_v name_v the_o sea-gate_n the_o three_o gate_n that_o be_v shut_v be_v that_o of_o the_o old_a custom-house_n the_o green_a gate_n call_v by_o the_o arab_n bab_n il_fw-fr achdar_n and_o that_o of_o the_o old_a haven_n i_o can_v positive_o affirm_v whether_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o gate_n that_o be_v now_o there_o be_v those_o that_o alexander_n the_o great_a cause_v to_o be_v build_v or_o whether_o the_o calif_n have_v make_v they_o i_o imagine_v that_o the_o calif_n have_v erect_v they_o and_o not_o alexander_n though_o many_o traveller_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n because_o there_o be_v no_o greek_a inscription_n to_o be_v see_v but_o all_o arab._n some_o be_v write_v in_o strange_a character_n other_o in_o the_o ordinary_a arabian_a character_n these_o inscription_n speak_v of_o the_o califf_n and_o year_n when_o they_o be_v build_v or_o re-edify_v the_o gate_n be_v high_a where_o these_o inscription_n be_v grave_v and_o the_o letter_n artificial_o put_v with_o other_o work_n i_o can_v not_o distinguish_v nor_o read_v they_o 2._o the_o manner_n of_o their_o building_n prove_v this_o truth_n for_o they_o be_v build_v as_o the_o gate_n of_o cairo_n which_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o calif_n who_o have_v be_v there_o many_o age_n after_o alexander_n the_o great_a there_o be_v two_o havens_n in_o alexandria_n the_o one_o call_v the_o old_a haven_n where_o ship_n enter_v in_o with_o the_o westerly_a wind_n but_o now_o it_o be_v of_o no_o use_n but_o to_o secure_v the_o vessel_n that_o sail_v from_o the_o east_n towards_o the_o west_n when_o the_o bad_a wether_n oblige_v they_o to_o seek_v for_o shelter_n the_o other_o be_v 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the_o french_a trade_n in_o egypt_n i_o shall_v for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o merchant_n give_v here_o a_o exact_a account_n of_o all_o the_o commodity_n that_o be_v carry_v from_o egypt_n into_o europe_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o the_o way_n of_o marseilles_n or_o by_o that_o of_o legorn_n or_o by_o venice_n with_o their_o ordinary_a price_n in_o the_o year_n 1673._o the_o commodity_n that_o be_v ordinary_o carry_v out_o of_o egypt_n into_o europe_n be_v gum_n as_o of_o benjoin_v whereof_o 110_o rotol_n cost_v 75_o piastre_n bdellion_n whereof_o the_o quintal_n cost_v 50_o piastre_n arabic_n whereof_o 133_o 1._o three_o of_o the_o rotol_n of_o cairo_n cost_v 6_o abukelb_n adragant_a whereof_o the_o quintal_n of_o 110_o rotol_n cost_v 10_o piastre_n lack_o whereof_o the_o quintal_n of_o 110_o rotol_n cost_v 15_o piastre_n turick_n whereof_o 130_o rotol_n cost_v 9_o abukelb_n myrrh_n of_o ethiopia_n whereof_o 110_o rotol_n cost_v 40_o piastre_n frankincense_n in_o tear_n whereof_o 110_o rotol_n cost_v 12_o piastre_n storax_n juice_n as_o aloe_n cicotrin_n whereof_o the_o quintal_n cost_v 8_o piastre_n call_v epatick_a whereof_o 150_o rotol_n cost_v 28_o piastre_n opium_n whereof_o the_o quintal_n of_o 110_o rotol_n cost_v 120_o piastre_n indigo_n name_v serquis_n whereof_o 130_o rotol_n cost_v 70_o piastre_n indigo_n of_o bagdat_n be_v worth_a nothing_o indigo_n of_o balluder_n be_v likewise_o worth_a nothing_o cassanad_n whereof_o the_o quintal_n cost_v 5_o piastre_n sugar_n in_o great_a loaf_n whereof_o the_o quintal_n cost_v 16_o piastre_n and_o a_o half_a in_o little_a loaf_n whereof_o the_o quintal_n cost_v 16_o piastre_n sugar-candy_n cost_v 28_o piastre_n sugar-soltani_a cost_n 28_o piastre_n sorbet_fw-la whereof_o the_o quintal_n cost_v 20_o piastre_n wood._n as_o sandalwood_n cost_v 33_o piastre_n citron-wood_n cost_v 25_o piastre_n turbit-wood_n cost_v 30_o piastre_n ebene-wood_n cost_v 41_o piastre_n brasil-wood_n cost_v 28_o piastre_n 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the_o present_a state_n of_o egypt_n or_o a_o new_a relation_n of_o a_o late_a voyage_n into_o that_o kingdom_n perform_v in_o the_o year_n 1672._o and_o 1673._o by_o f._n vansleb_n r._n d._n wherein_o you_o have_v a_o exact_a and_o true_a account_n of_o many_o rare_a and_o wonderful_a particular_n of_o that_o ancient_a kingdom_n english_v by_o m._n d._n b._n d._n london_n print_v by_o r._n e._n for_o john_n starkey_n at_o the_o mitre_n in_o fleetstreet_n near_o temple-bar_n 1678._o to_o the_o reader_n ingenuous_a reader_n to_o thou_o alone_o i_o recommend_v the_o perusal_n of_o this_o journal_n which_o not_o only_a myself_o but_o some_o other_o judicious_a person_n have_v think_v worthy_a to_o appear_v in_o our_o tongue_n and_o among_o the_o curioso_n of_o our_o nation_n the_o author_n be_v well_o know_v to_o be_v a_o man_n of_o integrity_n and_o one_o that_o scorn_v to_o impose_v upon_o the_o world_n a_o untruth_n of_o which_o in_o this_o occasion_n nothing_o can_v tempt_v he_o to_o be_v guilty_a if_o therefore_o some_o particular_n look_v with_o a_o strange_a and_o unprobable_a countenance_n be_v not_o so_o unsociable_a in_o thy_o persuasion_n as_o to_o reject_v whatsoever_o thou_o have_v no_o demonstration_n to_o prove_v a_o ridiculous_a humour_n and_o a_o pernicious_a rule_n which_o tend_v to_o deprive_v we_o of_o the_o benefit_n of_o many_o knowledge_n both_o in_o divine_a and_o humane_a matter_n it_o be_v unlikely_a that_o such_o a_o person_n of_o discretion_n and_o interest_n in_o the_o world_n as_o he_o be_v know_v to_o be_v shall_v so_o much_o forget_v his_o reason_n as_o to_o subscribe_v his_o name_n to_o such_o falsehood_n as_o may_v be_v easy_o discover_v at_o rome_n in_o the_o place_n of_o his_o ordinary_a abode_n i_o confess_v some_o observation_n be_v trivial_a and_o ordinary_a but_o other_o will_v prove_v satisfactory_a to_o such_o worthy_a soul_n as_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o world_n and_o foreign_a nation_n this_o country_n of_o egypt_n have_v heretofore_o be_v the_o rich_a magazine_n of_o learning_n as_o well_o as_o of_o provision_n it_o have_v flourish_v in_o all_o manual_a art_n and_o the_o rare_a science_n no_o doubt_n but_o that_o there_o be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v some_o monument_n of_o the_o primitive_a grandeur_n and_o learning_n of_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n as_o therefore_o vanslebius_fw-la have_v judge_v they_o worthy_a to_o be_v visit_v in_o his_o travel_n and_o afterward_o of_o this_o account_n which_o he_o give_v in_o print_n i_o think_v they_o not_o unworthy_a of_o thy_o knowledge_n which_o thou_o may_v perhaps_o improve_v in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o some_o obscure_a passage_n of_o holy_a writ_n and_o for_o other_o purpose_n according_a to_o thy_o profession_n vale_fw-la m._n d._n the_o present_a state_n of_o egypt_n or_o a_o new_a relation_n or_o journal_n of_o the_o travel_n of_o father_n vansleb_n through_o egypt_n in_o the_o year_n 1671._o about_o the_o 8_o of_o may_n i_o be_v at_o marseilles_n with_o a_o intention_n to_o sail_v again_o into_o egypt_n for_o that_o purpose_n i_o find_v a_o opportunity_n the_o ship_n the_o three_o king_n command_v by_o a_o age_a captain_n name_v artaut_n be_v ready_a to_o depart_v for_o alexandretta_n i_o go_v aboard_o and_o set_v sail_n from_o the_o port_n the_o 20_o of_o the_o same_o month_n straight_o towards_o malta_n where_o we_o remain_v five_o day_n and_o after_o direct_v our_o course_n to_o lernica_n in_o the_o island_n of_o cyprus_n where_o the_o french_a merchant_n make_v their_o abode_n on_o the_o seaside_n look_v towards_o the_o south_n we_o arrive_v the_o 17_o of_o june_n as_o soon_o as_o i_o set_v foot_n ashore_o i_o fall_v desperate_o sick_a of_o a_o ordinary_a disease_n to_o all_o stranger_n proceed_v from_o the_o infection_n of_o the_o air_n that_o be_v a_o enemy_n to_o they_o but_o my_o distemper_n can_v not_o hinder_v i_o from_o go_v to_o nicosia_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o island_n when_o i_o feel_v my_o malady_n increase_v every_o day_n and_o the_o rather_o through_o the_o dangerous_a infection_n of_o the_o plague_n which_o be_v then_o in_o the_o island_n i_o resolve_v to_o be_v carry_v to_o tripoli_n in_o syria_n the_o near_a and_o most_o convenient_a port_n where_o the_o french_a nation_n have_v a_o consul_n while_o i_o be_v at_o nicosia_n captain_n artaut_n be_v depart_v with_o his_o ship_n for_o alexandretta_n and_o the_o 26_o of_o june_n i_o go_v aboard_o another_o ship_n in_o the_o haven_n of_o lernica_n and_o the_o next_o day_n with_o a_o favourable_a wind_n we_o land_v at_o tripoli_n though_o i_o have_v forsake_v the_o infectious_a island_n the_o disease_n of_o my_o body_n forsake_v i_o not_o but_o grow_v to_o that_o pass_n that_o i_o prepare_v myself_o as_o christianity_n enjoin_v we_o to_o leave_v the_o world_n nevertheless_o at_o the_o end_n of_o 35_o day_n my_o distemper_n be_v weary_a to_o torment_v i_o suffer_v i_o to_o recover_v a_o little_a strength_n and_o though_o i_o be_v but_o weak_a i_o go_v aboard_o a_o ship_n bind_v for_o aleppo_n the_o first_o of_o septemb_n arrive_v the_o 13_o and_o abode_n there_o four_o month_n about_o the_o last_o of_o decemb._n i_o go_v to_o damascus_n where_o i_o remain_v a_o month_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o seyda_o where_o i_o be_v also_o two_o month_n my_o purpose_n be_v not_o to_o give_v any_o account_n of_o the_o curiosity_n of_o lernica_n of_o nicosia_n of_o tripoli_n of_o aleppo_n of_o damascus_n and_o of_o seyda_o these_o town_n be_v sufficient_o know_v to_o all_o the_o world_n by_o the_o many_o relation_n already_o publish_v of_o the_o levant_n country_n beside_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o time_n of_o my_o abode_n there_o together_o with_o the_o inconveniency_n of_o a_o quartan_a fever_n which_o keep_v i_o company_n sixteen_o month_n suffer_v i_o not_o to_o inquire_v into_o any_o such_o matter_n i_o shall_v therefore_o in_o this_o treatise_n give_v a_o account_n only_o of_o what_o curiosity_n i_o have_v see_v in_o egypt_n where_o during_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o month_n i_o have_v have_v the_o leisure_n and_o opportunity_n to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n with_o the_o great_a exactness_n and_o care_n imaginable_a which_o have_v never_o be_v do_v of_o this_o famous_a and_o beautiful_a country_n till_o now_o the_o 19_o day_n of_o february_n 1672._o i_o take_v ship_n at_o seyda_o a_o town_n of_o phoenicia_n to_o sail_v for_o damietta_n in_o egypt_n but_o a_o contrary_a wind_n rise_v and_o bring_v we_o back_o to_o seyda_o again_o where_o we_o remain_v till_o the_o 16_o of_o march_n i_o go_v then_o aboard_o and_o meet_v with_o a_o favourable_a gale_n that_o drive_v we_o very_o happy_o to_o bogas_n which_o lie_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n nilus_n i_o think_v it_o convenient_a before_o we_o proceed_v to_o give_v a_o general_a account_n and_o description_n of_o egypt_n that_o the_o thing_n that_o i_o shall_v hereafter_o mention_v may_v better_o be_v understand_v a_o general_n description_n of_o egypt_n i_o be_o one_o of_o the_o three_o son_n of_o noah_n have_v four_o child_n male_n cus_n misraim_n name_v by_o the_o arab_n beidar_n fut_o and_o canaan_n cus_n be_v the_o father_n of_o the_o abyssins_n misraim_n of_o the_o copty_v and_o nubians_n fut_o of_o the_o african_n and_o canaan_n of_o the_o syrian_n and_o their_o neighbour_n misraim_n after_o the_o deluge_n as_o macrisi_n a_o arabian_a historian_n say_v pitch_v upon_o egypt_n make_v there_o his_o abode_n and_o leave_v it_o and_o the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o the_o far_a part_n of_o africa_n to_o his_o posterity_n he_o have_v likewise_o four_o son_n ischemun_n atrib_o sá_n and_o coptus_n unto_o who_o he_o divide_v the_o land_n of_o egypt_n in_o four_o equal_a part_n coptus_n have_v all_o that_o tract_n of_o land_n from_o isvan_n to_o the_o city_n of_o coptus_n to_o ischemun_n he_o allot_v the_o country_n from_o that_o city_n to_o menuf_n to_o atrib_o he_o give_v the_o heart_n and_o middle_n of_o egypt_n now_o call_v delta_n and_o to_o sá_n he_o appoint_v all_o the_o continent_n from_o the_o province_n of_o beheire_n as_o far_o as_o barbary_n they_o all_o build_a city_n in_o their_o several_a dominion_n call_v they_o by_o their_o own_o name_n we_o shall_v mention_v they_o in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o discourse_n after_o the_o decease_n of_o their_o father_n the_o four_o brother_n be_v at_o variance_n about_o the_o sovereignty_n neither_o of_o they_o can_v endure_v a_o partner_n at_o last_o they_o resolve_v to_o end_v their_o controversy_n by_o a_o battle_n which_o be_v to_o give_v the_o chief_a command_n to_o the_o victor_n coptus_fw-la the_o young_a overcome_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n and_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o they_o as_o their_o chief_a lord_n he_o choose_v the_o city_n
chief_a be_v the_o fermentation_n cause_v in_o it_o by_o this_o dew_n which_o fall_v at_o the_o time_n mention_v before_o the_o continual_a rain_n of_o ethiopia_n that_o come_v in_o july_n august_n and_o september_n which_o be_v the_o winter-quarter_n of_o that_o country_n and_o the_o great_a torrent_n of_o water_n that_o run_v down_o from_o the_o mountain_n into_o the_o river_n that_o flow_v into_o nilus_n may_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o another_o cause_n of_o this_o increase_n for_o i_o can_v conceive_v that_o the_o fermentation_n can_v continue_v 100_o day_n and_o cause_v it_o alone_o to_o increase_v so_o much_o as_o it_o be_v wont_a the_o three_o cause_n in_o my_o judgement_n be_v the_o westerly_a wind_n call_v maestral_n and_o by_o the_o egyptian_n maltem_n which_o begin_v to_o blow_v as_o i_o have_v say_v about_o 12_o day_n before_o the_o dew_n fall_v namely_o the_o five_o day_n of_o june_n and_o continue_v afterward_o about_o four_o month_n without_o alteration_n they_o blow_v straight_o into_o the_o river_n nilus_n and_o hinder_v the_o fresh_a water_n from_o come_v out_o so_o that_o it_o return_v back_o and_o cause_v the_o river_n to_o swell_v these_o same_o wind_n have_v cause_v several_a traveller_n and_o namely_o mounseur_fw-fr burattini_n to_o affirm_v that_o the_o river_n observe_v not_o a_o precise_a day_n to_o increase_v but_o that_o it_o happen_v some_o year_n soon_o other_o late_a because_o before_o the_o 17_o day_n of_o june_n the_o water_n do_v seem_v to_o swell_v but_o this_o be_v no_o real_a increase_n the_o wind_n maestral_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o appearance_n the_o ancient_a egyptian_n ascribe_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o swell_a of_o nilus_n to_o a_o superstitious_a custom_n they_o buy_v a_o young_a damosel_n adorn_v she_o with_o rich_a attire_n and_o afterward_o cast_v she_o as_o a_o sacrifice_n into_o the_o river_n on_o the_o 12_o day_n of_o their_o baony_n or_o june_n but_o when_o amru-ibn_a ill_a ass_n have_v conquer_v egypt_n and_o take_v it_o from_o the_o greek_n he_o abolish_v this_o damnable_a custom_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o that_o time_n as_o gaznevi_n a_o famous_a arabian_a historian_n say_v amru_n command_v the_o egyptian_n to_o forbear_v and_o leave_v that_o act_n of_o cruelty_n in_o that_o year_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o river_n do_v not_o increase_v which_o cause_v the_o people_n to_o suspect_v and_o fear_v a_o great_a famine_n insomuch_o that_o they_o resolve_v to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o cause_v amru_n ibn_o ill_a ass_n to_o write_v to_o amru_n ibn_n il_fw-fr chottab_n a_o califf_n of_o mahomet_n to_o desire_v his_o advice_n this_o califf_n send_v he_o a_o letter_n write_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n for_o the_o river_n nilus_n command_v he_o to_o read_v it_o and_o to_o cast_v it_o into_o the_o water_n which_o as_o soon_o as_o amru_n have_v perform_v the_o water_n rise_v 16_o cubit_n in_o one_o night_n the_o 14_o of_o september_n which_o be_v common_o the_o last_o day_n of_o its_o increase_n this_o be_v sufficient_a to_o water_v the_o country_n and_o satisfy_v the_o people_n some_o of_o the_o country_n that_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o this_o increase_n imagine_v that_o it_o proceed_v from_o a_o large_a pond_n in_o ethiopia_n in_o the_o river_n itself_o which_o the_o abyssins_n begin_v to_o open_v about_o the_o 12_o of_o june_n and_o by_o degree_n let_v out_o the_o water_n more_o and_o more_o till_o the_o 14_o of_o september_n at_o which_o time_n they_o begin_v to_o shut_v it_o again_o but_o this_o be_v a_o foolish_a fancy_n of_o the_o copty_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o green_a colour_n be_v go_v the_o river_n nilus_n begin_v to_o become_v red_a and_o very_o muddy_a it_o be_v then_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o fermentation_n be_v pass_v and_o that_o the_o water_n of_o ethiopia_n be_v arrive_v in_o egypt_n which_o be_v of_o that_o colour_n because_o of_o the_o red_a earth_n which_o the_o furious_a torrent_n from_o the_o mountain_n carry_v into_o the_o river_n for_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o the_o land_n of_o egypt_n which_o be_v very_o black_a shall_v give_v it_o that_o colour_n in_o the_o year_n 1673._o in_o the_o begin_n of_o july_n the_o water_n begin_v to_o be_v red_a which_o continue_v till_o the_o end_n of_o december_n the_o time_n that_o the_o river_n return_v to_o its_o ordinary_a bigness_n they_o have_v a_o art_n to_o make_v this_o muddy_a water_n as_o clear_a as_o crystal_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o water-bearer_n have_v fill_v their_o vessel_n they_o rub_v they_o in_o the_o inside_n with_o a_o paste_n make_v with_o pound_a almond_n which_o cause_v the_o water_n to_o become_v in_o a_o short_a time_n very_o clear_a in_o the_o place_n where_o this_o paste_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v they_o use_v for_o that_o purpose_n the_o kernel_n of_o apricock_n pound_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n i_o be_v tell_v that_o the_o flower_n of_o little_a bean_n can_v perform_v the_o same_o effect_n the_o egyptian_n believe_v that_o the_o river_n nilus_n decrease_v also_o at_o a_o certain_a day_n namely_o the_o 17_o of_o their_o september_n and_o the_o 24_o of_o we_o the_o day_n which_o they_o observe_v in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o exaltation_n of_o the_o holy_a cross_n they_o be_v so_o full_o persuade_v of_o it_o that_o if_o any_o shall_v deny_v it_o he_o will_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o ridiculous_a the_o occasion_n of_o this_o belief_n as_o i_o conceive_v be_v first_o because_o the_o next_o day_n after_o this_o festival_n all_o the_o bank_n and_o stoppage_n of_o the_o river_n on_o this_o side_n the_o cairo_n which_o be_v before_o keep_v shut_v and_o guard_v by_o arm_a man_n that_o such_o as_o need_v the_o water_n for_o their_o ground_n may_v not_o open_v they_o be_v cut_v and_o remove_v and_o the_o water_n let_v into_o the_o country_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o river_n spread_v abroad_o more_o than_o before_o and_o its_o water_n return_v not_o back_o which_o make_v they_o say_v that_o it_o rise_v and_o swell_v no_o more_o second_o because_o the_o day_n after_o the_o holy_a cross_n they_o do_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o its_o increase_n at_o the_o pillar_n of_o mikias_n nor_o publish_v it_o about_o the_o town_n as_o before_z they_o believe_v therefore_o that_o this_o be_v do_v because_o the_o river_n never_o increase_v after_o three_o because_o when_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n in_o egypt_n be_v regular_a the_o wind_n maestral_n that_o help_v to_o make_v the_o river_n swell_v cease_v after_o the_o 17_o of_o september_n and_o the_o southerly_a wind_n rise_v drive_v the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o field_n though_o these_o reason_n appear_v strong_a enough_o to_o prove_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o copty_v one_o can_v without_o offend_v they_o say_v that_o the_o river_n may_v yet_o increase_v after_o that_o day_n because_o the_o wind_n maestral_n and_o the_o rain_v of_o ethiopia_n may_v some_o year_n continue_v a_o long_a time_n than_o ordinary_a and_o so_o the_o river_n may_v increase_v a_o little_a not_o to_o be_v perceive_v for_o these_o wind_n have_v blow_v till_o the_o month_n of_o november_n in_o the_o year_n 1672._o at_o the_o calliz_n of_o cairo_n it_o be_v visible_a that_o the_o water_n be_v rise_v three_o finger_n high_a than_o the_o day_n before_o in_o the_o night_n of_o the_o exaltation_n of_o the_o holy_a cross_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o this_o increase_n be_v not_o real_a but_o only_o cause_v by_o some_o stoppage_n at_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o river_n or_o at_o one_o of_o the_o bridge_n of_o the_o channel_n out_o of_o the_o city_n for_o my_o part_n let_v every_o one_o believe_v what_o seem_v most_o likely_a from_o hence_o we_o may_v see_v how_o much_o some_o traveller_n have_v be_v mistake_v when_o they_o have_v endeavour_v to_o persuade_v we_o that_o the_o river_n nilus_n never_o increase_v above_o 40_o day_n for_o if_o you_o reckon_v the_o beginning_n of_o its_o increase_n from_o the_o 17_o of_o june_n till_o the_o 14_o of_o septemb_n the_o day_n of_o its_o decrease_n you_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o increase_v during_o 100_o day_n at_o least_o there_o can_v be_v a_o great_a testimony_n of_o this_o than_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o copty_v who_o in_o their_o rubric_n have_v a_o form_n of_o prayer_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o river_n which_o they_o say_v from_o the_o 12_o day_n of_o baoni_n or_o june_n till_o the_o 8_o of_o babe_n or_o october_n which_o be_v in_o all_o 120_o day_n in_o which_o prayer_n they_o desire_v that_o god_n will_v cause_v the_o river_n to_o rise_v to_o its_o necessary_a height_n to_o water_v sufficient_o the_o country_n as_o abulbaracat_v a_o famous_a author_n among_o the_o copty_v say_v in_o his_o work_n call_v mosbah_n iddolme_n which_o i_o have_v bring_v from_o egypt_n the_o
copty_v altogether_o ignorant_a ascribe_v this_o ordinary_a decrease_n to_o a_o miracle_n they_o observe_v the_o festival_n of_o the_o exaltation_n of_o the_o holy_a cross_n at_o which_o time_n they_o bless_v a_o cross_n at_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o mass_n which_o they_o cast_v into_o nilus_n and_o imagine_v that_o this_o cross_n stop_v the_o increase_n of_o the_o river_n their_o patriarch_n be_v wont_a to_o perform_v this_o ceremony_n with_o great_a pomp_n and_o state_n but_o because_o the_o mahometans_n suffer_v they_o not_o to_o go_v in_o procession_n about_o the_o city_n public_o their_o priest_n observe_v this_o custom_n every_o one_o in_o his_o own_o village_n the_o water_n of_o this_o river_n have_v several_a operation_n 1._o they_o cause_v a_o looseness_n to_o the_o newcomer_n if_o they_o drink_v of_o they_o at_o their_o first_o arrival_n which_o continue_v about_o eight_o day_n 2._o they_o cause_v a_o itch_n in_o the_o skin_n which_o trouble_v such_o as_o drink_v of_o they_o when_o the_o river_n increase_v this_o itch_n be_v very_o small_a and_o appear_v first_o about_o the_o arm_n next_o upon_o the_o stomach_n and_o spread_v all_o about_o the_o body_n which_o cause_v a_o grievous_a pain_n this_o itch_n come_v not_o only_o upon_o such_o as_o drink_v of_o the_o river_n but_o such_o as_o drink_v of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o cistern_n fill_v with_o the_o river_n water_n it_o last_v about_o six_o week_n 3._o about_o the_o month_n of_o june_n july_n august_n and_o september_n it_o turn_v into_o a_o sweat_n but_o be_v not_o so_o in_o any_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n 4._o when_o this_o water_n cover_v the_o earth_n it_o fat_v the_o land_n with_o the_o slime_n that_o it_o leave_v behind_o mounseur_fw-fr th._n be_v mistake_v in_o his_o travel_n into_o the_o levant_n when_o he_o say_v that_o this_o slime_n make_v the_o ground_n so_o fat_a that_o if_o they_o do_v not_o mingle_v sand_n with_o it_o the_o ground_n will_v rot_v and_o choke_v what_o be_v put_v into_o it_o and_o that_o in_o egypt_n they_o take_v as_o much_o pain_n to_o carry_v sand_n into_o the_o ground_n as_o we_o do_v to_o carry_v dung_n this_o be_v not_o general_o so_o for_o they_o never_o use_v sand_n but_o for_o melon_n cucumber_n and_o such_o like_a fruit_n which_o grow_v only_o in_o sandy_a ground_n they_o never_o use_v sand_n for_o other_o fruit_n and_o grain_n when_o the_o river_n run_v over_o it_o make_v a_o great_a destruction_n it_o carry_v away_o not_o only_o great_a piece_n of_o the_o bank_n but_o destroy_v sometime_o town_n and_o village_n near_o to_o it_o this_o may_v easy_o be_v perceive_v by_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o house_n and_o the_o old_a wall_n see_v all_o along_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n sometime_o it_o alter_v its_o channel_n i_o have_v read_v in_o the_o mekkin_n a_o arabian_a historian_n that_o about_o the_o time_n that_o the_o arabian_n conquer_v egypt_n the_o water_n be_v so_o high_a as_o to_o touch_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o cassr_n isscémma_n a_o part_n of_o the_o old_a cairo_n and_o that_o it_o run_v near_o the_o church_n of_o mary_n moncure_n which_o be_v in_o that_o of_o the_o patriarch_n in_o the_o street_n call_v in_o that_o time_n háret_fw-mi il_fw-fr bahr_fw-ge the_o street_n of_o the_o river_n whereas_o now_o it_o be_v above_o a_o mile_n off_o from_o this_o place_n one_o day_n as_o i_o be_v walk_v out_o of_o the_o old_a cairo_n in_o the_o field_n near_o the_o church_n of_o s._n michael_n the_o copty_v show_v i_o a_o garden_n near_o adjoin_v which_o be_v about_o 10_o year_n ago_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n but_o at_o present_v it_o be_v above_o a_o musket_n shoot_v off_o because_o the_o river_n have_v take_v as_o much_o ground_n on_o the_o other_o side_n as_o it_o have_v lest_o on_o this_o now_o let_v we_o see_v whether_o the_o king_n of_o ethiopia_n be_v able_a to_o divert_v the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n and_o cause_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o perish_v with_o hunger_n as_o some_o imagine_v i_o be_o of_o this_o opinion_n though_o the_o father_n tell_v suppose_v and_o allege_v many_o difficulty_n in_o his_o history_n of_o ethiopia_n these_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o oblige_v i_o to_o believe_v it_o possible_a 1._o a_o letter_n of_o david_n king_n of_o ethiopia_n surname_v constantine_n write_v to_o abu_n seid_v barcúk_v king_n of_o egypt_n in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o martyr_n 1193._o i_o have_v a_o copy_n of_o it_o write_v in_o arabic_a in_o which_o he_o threaten_v he_o in_o two_o distinct_a place_n of_o his_o letter_n to_o turn_v aside_o the_o river_n nilus_n and_o hinder_v it_o from_o enter_v into_o egypt_n to_o cause_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o perish_v with_o hunger_n if_o he_o continue_v to_o vex_v the_o copty_v who_o he_o name_v his_o brethren_n he_o say_v that_o he_o have_v receive_v from_o god_n this_o privilege_n which_o he_o have_v not_o discover_v to_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n 2._o because_o the_o king_n of_o ethiopia_n have_v hinder_v the_o current_n of_o nilus_n and_o turn_v it_o out_o of_o egypt_n in_o the_o day_n of_o mostansir_n one_o of_o the_o califfe_n of_o egypt_n which_o oblige_v he_o to_o send_v the_o patriarch_n of_o the_o copty_v with_o rich_a present_n to_o the_o king_n of_o ethiopia_n to_o entreat_v he_o to_o take_v away_o the_o bank_n which_o he_o have_v raise_v to_o turn_v aside_o the_o river_n the_o king_n of_o ethiopia_n have_v grant_v he_o this_o request_n for_o the_o patriarch_n sake_n the_o river_n increase_v in_o one_o night_n three_o cubit_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o water_v the_o field_n with_o that_o water_n that_o be_v there_o before_o as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o musulman_n of_o george_n le_fw-fr mekkin_n the_o first_o thing_n that_o stranger_n may_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o sail_v upon_o the_o river_n be_v the_o great_a number_n of_o island_n whereof_o some_o be_v very_o great_a 20_o mile_n in_o compass_n they_o proceed_v first_o from_o the_o shipwreck_n of_o vessel_n that_o have_v stick_v in_o the_o mud_n this_o happen_v frequent_o through_o the_o unskilfulness_n of_o the_o mariner_n and_o the_o mud_n of_o the_o river_n the_o slowness_n of_o the_o current_n the_o dirt_n and_o mire_n gather_v immediate_o about_o any_o thing_n that_o stop_v there_o by_o this_o mean_v these_o place_n increase_v into_o island_n almost_o every_o day_n new_a island_n be_v discoverable_a and_o because_o the_o state_n of_o egypt_n never_o change_v since_o the_o conquest_n of_o sultan_n selim_n and_o that_o these_o island_n have_v be_v make_v since_o they_o be_v not_o record_v in_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o divan_n of_o that_o time_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o pay_v nothing_o to_o the_o grand_a signior_n but_o belong_v to_o the_o pacha_n who_o let_v they_o out_o to_o the_o cascief_n of_o the_o province_n where_o these_o island_n be_v situate_v or_o to_o who_o he_o please_v several_a pillar_n have_v be_v erect_v in_o divers_a time_n to_o measure_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o river_n the_o first_o be_v at_o menuf_n or_o memphis_n build_v by_o joseph_n jacobson_n when_o this_o fell_a to_o ruin_v a_o rich_a lady_n of_o the_o copty_v name_v deluca_n erect_v two_o other_o one_o at_o insine_n or_o thebes_n and_o the_o other_o at_o achmin_n when_o this_o last_o decay_v the_o greek_n build_v one_o at_o cassr_n isscemma_n whereof_o the_o ruin_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v as_o some_o say_v ater_n that_o amru_n ibn_n il_fw-fr ass_n have_v conquer_v egypt_n he_o cause_v one_o to_o be_v build_v at_o insine_n for_o the_o same_o purpose_n this_o remain_v entire_a till_o the_o day_n of_o abdella_n il_fw-fr aziz_fw-fr ibn_fw-fr mervan_fw-mi a_o califf_n of_o egypt_n who_o cause_v one_o to_o be_v build_v at_o helvan_a a_o place_n where_o he_o delight_v to_o dwell_v the_o last_o of_o these_o pillar_n stand_v in_o the_o roude_a a_o island_n where_o it_o remain_v to_o this_o very_a day_n it_o be_v erect_v by_o the_o command_n of_o azamed_a ibn_n zid_v il_fw-fr nettuchi_n as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o the_o macrizi_n in_o the_o serrur_n and_o other_o arabian_a history_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o mikias_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n they_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o river_n increase_v the_o name_n of_o mikias_n in_o its_o right_a signification_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o place_n where_o something_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v but_o when_o at_o cairo_n mikias_n be_v name_v they_o understand_v only_o the_o pillar_n which_o be_v in_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o roude_a a_o island_n which_o serve_v to_o observe_v the_o increase_n of_o nilus_n this_o island_n be_v name_v roude_a or_o garden_n because_o it_o be_v a_o delightful_a place_n and_o full_a of_o many_o pleasant_a garden_n it_o stand_v over_o against_o grand_a carro_n
the_o haven_n yield_v a_o most_o delightful_a prospect_n there_o be_v no_o wall_n nor_o fortification_n only_o a_o round_a and_o very_o high_a tower_n that_o stand_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o town_n towards_o the_o sea_n where_o there_o be_v neither_o watch_n nor_o ward_n nor_o gun_n in_o this_o city_n there_o be_v great_a trade_n in_o linen_n rice_n coffee_n and_o stuff_n i_o be_v tell_v that_o every_o year_n about_o five_o hundred_o ship_n go_v out_o of_o this_o haven_n small_a and_o great_a load_v with_o rice_n for_o turkey_n here_o be_v make_v many_o beautiful_a sort_n of_o linen_n of_o all_o kind_n and_o colour_n which_o be_v transport_v to_o foreign_a country_n here_o be_v also_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o fish_n salt_v the_o mullet_n that_o be_v here_o pickle_v be_v high_o esteem_v all_o over_o the_o levant_n the_o town_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o aga_n send_v thither_o from_o the_o pacha_n and_o therefore_o name_v by_o the_o turk_n pachagasi_n or_o the_o aga_n of_o the_o pacha_n beside_o his_o other_o income_n he_o take_v from_o every_o tavern_n of_o aquavitae_n ten_o pora_n in_o the_o city_n be_v a_o great_a many_o such_o tavern_n from_o every_o carache_fw-la it_o be_v a_o little_a ship_n he_o receive_v five_o pora_n and_o from_o great_a ship_n six_o and_o thirty_o and_o forty_o when_o they_o go_v out_o of_o the_o port_n beside_o many_o casualty_n which_o amount_v to_o a_o great_a deal_n through_o his_o extortion_n as_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o turk_n be_v for_o out_o of_o our_o ship_n he_o take_v six_o barrel_n of_o cyprus-wine_n contain_v each_o six_o metres_n and_o every_o metre_n hold_v twenty_o pot_n though_o this_o be_v not_o his_o due_n i_o have_v some_o difficulty_n to_o save_v from_o his_o greedy_a hand_n a_o box_n of_o excellent_a wine_n of_o the_o country_n of_o kesrovan_n the_o soldiery_n and_o chief_o the_o janissary_n be_v very_o insolent_a there_o be_v but_o two_o hundred_o and_o about_o twenty_o spahin_n of_o the_o christian_n the_o greck_n be_v the_o most_o numerous_a they_o be_v about_o two_o hundred_o family_n and_o have_v a_o considerable_a church_n of_o the_o copty_v there_o be_v about_o eight_o family_n the_o turk_n about_o a_o year_n since_o take_v possession_n of_o their_o church_n because_o they_o have_v not_o pay_v they_o a_o certain_a tax_n that_o they_o have_v lay_v upon_o they_o there_o be_v no_o franc_n that_o dwell_v there_o in_o the_o city_n for_o want_v of_o trade_n because_o this_o haven_n be_v at_o a_o little_a distance_n from_o all_o the_o christian_a country_n and_o because_o they_o be_v settle_v at_o rosetta_n which_o lie_v more_o convenient_a for_o they_o and_o near_o there_o be_v only_o a_o chamber_n which_o the_o franciscan_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n have_v hire_v in_o the_o apartment_n of_o the_o greek_a patriarch_n which_o be_v a_o little_a house_n very_o filthy_a yet_o they_o lodge_v there_o when_o they_o pass_v to_o and_o fro_o from_o jerusalem_n to_o cairo_n the_o great_a traffic_n in_o this_o city_n by_o sea_n be_v of_o wood_n and_o timber_n which_o be_v import_v as_o well_o for_o fuel_n as_o for_o the_o build_n of_o house_n and_o ship_n for_o wood_n be_v very_o scarce_o in_o egypt_n chief_o in_o the_o inferior_a during_o my_o abode_n in_o this_o city_n i_o meet_v with_o a_o old_a ship-captain_n by_o religion_n a_o maronite_n who_o tell_v i_o that_o between_o this_o city_n and_o the_o town_n of_o bogas_n the_o river_n nilus_n grow_v shallow_a every_o year_n and_o that_o he_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o about_o fifteen_o year_n ago_o it_o be_v fifteen_o cubit_n deep_a but_o now_o scarce_o fifteen_o foot_n this_o proceed_v from_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o water_n loosen_v from_o its_o side_n and_o washes_n into_o the_o middle_n about_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n there_o the_o earth_n stop_v he_o gather_v from_o thence_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v that_o in_o this_o river_n great_a ship_n will_v not_o be_v able_a one_o day_n to_o pass_v from_o the_o mouth_n to_o damietta_n the_o town_n of_o mansoura_n i._n e._n victorious_a the_o abode_n of_o the_o cascief_n of_o dekahlie_n be_v a_o great_a and_o beautiful_a town_n situate_a upon_o the_o east-side_n of_o nilus_n its_o house_n be_v not_o build_v as_o those_o of_o damietta_n upon_o the_o water_n but_o there_o be_v a_o large_a street_n between_o they_o for_o to_o walk_v but_o because_o we_o land_a not_o then_o in_o that_o place_n i_o have_v not_o the_o opportunity_n to_o view_v it_o nor_o to_o give_v a_o exact_a description_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v only_o say_v this_o of_o it_o that_o in_o this_o town_n the_o french_a king_n s._n lewis_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o sultan_n saleh_n negm_n iddin_fw-mi eiiub_fw-mi ibn_fw-fr il_fw-fr kamel_n all_o the_o particular_n of_o the_o end_n and_o carry_v on_o of_o this_o war_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o macrizi_n and_o in_o ibn_n zulak_n i_o can_v wish_v these_o history_n of_o the_o arabian_n be_v translate_v into_o any_o know_a language_n for_o here_o be_v several_a remarkable_a circumstance_n mention_v in_o they_o with_o which_o we_o be_v not_o acquaint_v here_o be_v likewise_o many_o verse_n full_a of_o wit_n but_o satyrical_n make_v then_o by_o the_o moor_n upon_o the_o take_n of_o s._n lewis_n and_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o war_n so_o happy_a for_o their_o nation_n between_o damietta_n and_o grand_a cairo_n be_v to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o river_n side_n a_o prodigious_a number_n of_o pigeon-house_n which_o be_v here_o remarkable_a because_o there_o be_v not_o find_v so_o many_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o egypt_n nor_o build_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n these_o pigeon-house_n begin_v at_o mitbedri_n a_o village_n near_o mansoura_n on_o the_o same_o side_n in_o sail_v towards_o cairo_n in_o one_o day_n journey_n and_o a_o half_a i_o see_v so_o many_o that_o i_o wonder_v at_o it_o for_o there_o be_v scarce_o a_o house_n in_o all_o the_o village_n but_o there_o be_v one_o or_o more_o pigeon-house_n at_o the_o foundation_n the_o wall_n be_v of_o earth_n only_o and_o round_o on_o the_o top_n very_o spacious_a within_o full_a of_o earthen_a pot_n for_o the_o pigeon_n nest_n and_o without_o be_v many_o pole_n for_o they_o to_o pitch_v on_o and_o rest_v themselves_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o judge_v whether_o the_o sight_n and_o prospect_n of_o so_o many_o pigeon-house_n be_v not_o very_o delightful_a the_o moor_n that_o be_v in_o our_o boat_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o these_o village_n fifteen_o pigeon_n be_v common_o sell_v for_o one_o para_n forty_o para_n make_n 4_o s._n 6_o d._n so_o that_o i_o reckon_v that_o about_o two_o hundred_o and_o forty_o couple_n be_v sell_v for_o that_o money_n semennut_n be_v a_o great_a town_n situate_a on_o the_o westside_n of_o nilus_n in_o the_o cascieftik_a of_o garbie_n not_o far_o from_o mohelle_n kabÃre_v or_o the_o great_a mohelle_n it_o be_v build_v in_o a_o triangular_a form_n the_o low_a part_n stretch_v itself_o along_o the_o river_n the_o bark_n that_o sail_v towards_o cairo_n be_v bind_v to_o stop_v here_o and_o pay_v custom_n the_o customhouse_n be_v build_v upon_o a_o ship_n in_o the_o river_n at_o which_o the_o vessel_n never_o stop_v above_o a_o hour_n in_o the_o middle_a way_n between_o diametta_n and_o cairo_n be_v mitgamr_n a_o very_a beautiful_a and_o large_a town_n situate_a upon_o the_o east-side_n of_o nilus_n we_o land_v and_o i_o find_v there_o many_o fair_a house_n and_o a_o spacious_a bazar_n or_o marketplace_n where_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v here_o be_v also_o a_o great_a many_o christian_n of_o the_o copty_v over_o against_o mitgamr_n that_o be_v on_o the_o westside_n nilus_n be_v sitfe_n a_o beautiful_a and_o big_a town_n belonging_z to_z to_z the_o cascieftik_a of_o mohelle_n kebÃre_o where_o we_o behold_v a_o pursuit_n of_o some_o peasant_n who_o the_o cascief_n of_o that_o province_n chase_v they_o be_v come_v to_o demand_v a_o certain_a tribute_n which_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o pay_v they_o and_o upon_o his_o denial_n of_o it_o they_o rise_v up_o in_o arm_n against_o he_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v send_v out_o the_o spahin_n against_o they_o they_o run_v all_o away_o these_o poor_a caitiff_n be_v on_o foot_n and_o find_v themselves_o follow_v by_o horseman_n that_o they_o may_v not_o fall_v into_o their_o hand_n they_o cast_v themselves_o in_o haste_n into_o the_o river_n to_o swim_v over_o six_o be_v unhappy_o drown_v before_o our_o eye_n in_o the_o upper_a egypt_n be_v a_o village_n name_v also_o sitfe_a which_o i_o shall_v mention_v in_o another_o place_n the_o 12_o of_o april_n about_o two_o a-clock_o in_o the_o afternoon_n we_o leave_v one_o of_o the_o branch_n of_o nilus_n that_o leave_v the_o main_a river_n and_o run_v to_o
a_o renown_a physician_n name_v zabulon_n he_o live_v about_o two-hundred-seventy_a year_n before_o the_o arabian_n become_v master_n of_o egypt_n he_o be_v yet_o famous_a for_o his_o wonderful_a riches_n they_o say_v that_o he_o hide_v they_o in_o a_o well_o which_o be_v in_o the_o same_o church_n and_o secure_v they_o with_o a_o talisman_n that_o none_o may_v have_v they_o after_o his_o decease_n the_o patriarch_n of_o the_o copty_v house_n be_v join_v to_o this_o church_n the_o other_o in_o the_o greek_n street_n be_v dedicate_v to_o s._n barba_n it_o be_v but_o small_a and_o obscure_a i_o go_v to_o see_v it_o the_o four_o of_o november_n 1672._o heretofore_o they_o have_v many_o church_n and_o monastery_n and_o a_o bishop_n in_o the_o chandak_n a_o old_a suburb_n of_o cairo_n but_o now_o ruinate_v but_o now_o they_o have_v but_o two_o one_o dedicate_v to_o the_o archangel_n gabriel_n the_o other_o to_o the_o abbot_n mercurius_n surname_v roe_n here_o the_o copty_v of_o cairo_n have_v a_o buryingplace_n of_o the_o many_o mosque_n at_o cairo_n that_o which_o be_v call_v giama_n ill_a assar_n be_v the_o rich_a and_o the_o great_a it_o be_v build_v by_o giauher_n the_o first_o founder_n of_o the_o city_n it_o be_v yet_o the_o cathedral_n where_o the_o four_o muftis_n or_o doctor_n of_o the_o mahometan_a law_n reside_v it_o be_v a_o refuge_n for_o offender_n and_o a_o school_n for_o to_o teach_v the_o law_n of_o mahomet_n with_o its_o revenue_n it_o entertain_v no_o less_o than_o eight_o hundred_o person_n of_o that_o profession_n and_o receive_v for_o that_o purpose_n two_o thousand_o ardeb_n of_o corn_n from_o the_o storehouse_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n and_o seven_o thousand_o more_o from_o other_o benefactor_n there_o be_v four_o muftis_n at_o cairo_n that_o borrow_v their_o name_n from_o the_o four_o chief_a sect_n of_o mahemet_n 1._o of_o sciaffeÃ_n 2._o of_o maleki_n 3._o of_o hambali_n 4._o of_o hanefi_n they_o be_v all_o equal_a in_o dignity_n because_o their_o sect_n whereof_o they_o be_v the_o chief_a be_v likewise_o equal_a they_o have_v power_n to_o excommunicate_v the_o pacha_n when_o they_o attempt_v to_o do_v any_o thing_n against_o their_o religion_n or_o their_o mosque_n for_o instance_n they_o excommunicate_v pacha_n ibrahim_n in_o the_o year_n 1672_o because_o he_o offer_v to_o take_v away_o some_o of_o the_o gift_n and_o rent_n belong_v to_o the_o mosque_n of_o cairo_n by_o that_o mean_n they_o hinder_v he_o from_o execute_v his_o sacrilegious_a design_n when_o the_o excommunication_n prevail_v not_o they_o shut_v the_o gate_n of_o this_o mosque_n which_o cause_v the_o people_n to_o rise_v up_o in_o arm_n and_o they_o never_o be_v quiet_a till_o they_o have_v kill_v the_o offender_n in_o cairo_n and_o in_o its_o suburb_n there_o be_v nine_o public_a shambles_n belong_v to_o the_o grand_a signior_n 1._o that_o of_o hassenÃe_n which_o be_v the_o great_a 2._o that_o of_o haret_n jehúd_n or_o of_o the_o street_n of_o the_o jew_n 3._o that_o of_o bab_n illuk_n or_o of_o the_o whore_n quarter_n 4._o that_o of_o the_o lion_n bridge_n 5._o that_o of_o old_a cairo_n 6._o that_o of_o gÃze_n 7._o that_o of_o haret_n il_fw-fr sakkain_n 8._o that_o of_o telun_n 9_o two_o that_o be_v at_o boulac_n whereof_o in_o one_o the_o ox_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o other_o the_o sheep_n and_o goat_n the_o head_n and_o the_o skin_n of_o all_o the_o beast_n that_o be_v kill_v in_o these_o market_n unless_o it_o be_v of_o the_o goat_n belong_v to_o the_o grand_a signior_n out_o of_o this_o custom_n he_o receive_v a_o great_a profit_n it_o be_v very_o true_a that_o in_o cairo_n be_v seven_o differ_a order_n of_o the_o militia_n among_o these_o the_o montross_n and_o gunner_n be_v not_o reckon_v but_o only_o the_o metferraca_n three_o cornet_n of_o spahin_n which_o be_v ill_a giúmulli_n il_fw-fr tefakschi_n and_o ill_a cércassi_n the_o janissary_n the_o chiaoux_n and_o the_o azape_n belong_v to_o they_o the_o janissary_n the_o spahin_n the_o azape_n and_o the_o gebegis_n be_v pay_v only_o every_o three_o month_n but_o the_o chiaoux_n and_o metferraca_n the_o jetams_n or_o orphelin_n the_o giavalis_n the_o kescie_a and_o the_o metkaed_n receive_v their_o pay_n every_o month_n without_o any_o delay_n a_o description_n of_o old_a cairo_n old_z cairo_n so_o call_v erroneous_o by_o the_o franc_n be_v name_v by_o the_o arabian_n massr_n from_o massr_n or_o mizraim_n the_o son_n of_o cham_n and_o grandchild_n of_o noah_n that_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v build_v it_o be_v the_o ancient_a city_n of_o egypt_n next_o to_o memphis_n after_o the_o destruction_n of_o this_o old_a cairo_n become_v the_o chief_a it_o be_v situate_a on_o the_o east-side_n of_o nilus_n over_o against_o the_o place_n where_o memphis_n stand_v next_o to_o new_a cairo_n it_o be_v heretofore_o a_o stately_a city_n but_o now_o it_o be_v almost_o all_o ruinate_a in_o the_o 18_o year_n of_o the_o hegira_n which_o be_v about_o 1033_o year_n since_o that_o amru_a ibn_n il_fw-fr ass_n general_n of_o amru_n ibn_v chottab_v a_o successor_n of_o mahomet_n take_v this_o city_n john_n mekauke_n a_o noble_a coptie_a be_v then_o governor_n for_o the_o emperor_n heraclius_n when_o amru_n have_v take_v it_o he_o make_v peace_n with_o mekauke_n upon_o condition_n that_o every_o coptie_a shall_v pay_v he_o and_o all_o his_o successor_n twopence_n ayear_n as_o a_o tribute_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v give_v entertainment_n for_o three_o day_n to_o all_o the_o arabian_n that_o shall_v pass_v through_o egypt_n as_o may_v be_v see_v more_o full_o in_o the_o macrizi_n this_o city_n have_v be_v increase_v many_o time_n as_o the_o conqueror_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o country_n do_v think_v convenient_a to_o pitch_v upon_o a_o more_o pleasant_a place_n for_o their_o abode_n the_o place_n where_o the_o fostat_fw-mi the_o cassr_n iscémma_n the_o quarter_n of_o the_o patriarch_n of_o the_o copty_v babylon_n cateia_n the_o caraff_n and_o other_o fostat_fw-mi be_v a_o greek_a name_n which_o signify_v a_o tent_n of_o goatskin_n the_o arabian_n name_n one_o side_n of_o old_a cairo_n thus_o because_o the_o tent_n of_o amru_n ibn_n il_fw-fr ass_n of_o this_o substance_n be_v plant_v there_o when_o he_o be_v busy_a in_o conquer_a egypt_n the_o same_o amru_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v enclose_v in_o with_o wall_n after_o that_o he_o have_v take_v the_o city_n of_o alexdria_n he_o settle_v there_o his_o abode_n and_o that_o of_o his_o successor_n alexandria_n that_o have_v be_v the_o royal_a city_n of_o the_o greek_n for_o about_o nine_o hundred_o year_n be_v then_o forsake_v and_o the_o fostat_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o egypt_n it_o continue_v so_o till_o ahmed_n ibn_n toulon_n build_v cateia_n very_o near_o fostat_n his_o successor_n of_o his_o race_n forsake_v it_o and_o settle_a themselves_o in_o cateia_n but_o when_o this_o race_n be_v extinct_a and_o grand_a cairo_n be_v build_v by_o giauher_n as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o calif_n choose_v it_o for_o their_o abode_n cause_v fostat_n to_o be_v burn_v that_o the_o new_a city_n may_v be_v strong_a and_o full_a of_o people_n and_o they_o leave_v cateia_n as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o macrizi_n cassr_n isscémma_n be_v a_o castle_n or_o suburb_n enclose_v with_o wall_n near_o adjoin_v to_o fostat_fw-la build_v by_o artaxerxes_n king_n of_o persia_n now_o only_a christian_n inhabit_v there_o they_o have_v many_o church_n which_o we_o shall_v describe_v in_o this_o follow_a journal_n for_o i_o go_v to_o see_v they_o on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o july_n 1672._o there_o be_v two_o differ_a opinion_n concern_v the_o origine_fw-la of_o this_o name_n some_o will_v have_v it_o write_v cassr_n iggiama_fw-la that_o be_v the_o castle_n of_o the_o assembly_n for_o they_o say_v that_o here_o the_o great_a wit_n do_v meet_v to_o increase_v learning_n but_o this_o opinion_n be_v not_o well_o ground_v other_o write_v it_o cassr_n isscémma_fw-la this_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v the_o true_a for_o i_o find_v it_o thus_o write_v by_o all_o arabian_a historian_n the_o granary_n and_o storehouse_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n be_v adjoin_v to_o this_o castle_n they_o be_v name_v by_o the_o arab_n scióne_n the_o provision_n of_o corn_n and_o other_o necessary_n for_o the_o food_n of_o the_o malitia_fw-la be_v here_o keep_v not_o only_o for_o the_o malitia_fw-la of_o egypt_n but_o also_o for_o all_o the_o other_o country_n that_o depend_v upon_o egypt_n and_o that_o this_o corn_n may_v be_v better_o distribute_v there_o be_v four_o aga_n or_o officer_n name_v in_o arab._n agavat_fw-la beta_fw-la il_fw-fr ghelà l_n or_o aga_n of_o the_o store_n in_o the_o upper_a egypt_n one_o dwell_v at_o benesuef_n another_o at_o minie_n the_o three_o at_o momfallat_n the_o four_o at_o girge_n their_o office_n be_v to_o gather_v up_o the_o
meddle_v with_o any_o but_o the_o poor_a and_o that_o of_o the_o rich_a fort_n scarce_o four_o hundred_o be_v dead_a this_o cause_v i_o to_o speak_v a_o word_n of_o father_n elzear_n of_o nants_n a_o very_a worthy_a person_n and_o his_o comrade_n father_n portais_fw-fr both_o of_o the_o capuchin_n order_n and_o zealous_a missionary_n who_o this_o plague_n carry_v away_o the_o first_o be_v bury_v out_o of_o the_o city_n cairo_n in_o a_o field_n where_o the_o poor_a copy_n be_v bury_v for_o who_o conversion_n he_o be_v intend_v to_o honour_v the_o memory_n of_o his_o virtue_n there_o be_v a_o epitaph_n in_o arab._n and_o latin_a upon_o a_o little_a stone_n fix_v upon_o his_o grave_n and_o because_o i_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o he_o in_o my_o first_o voyage_n which_o i_o make_v into_o egypt_n by_o the_o order_n and_o command_n of_o ernest_n duke_n of_o saxa-gota_n in_o the_o year_n 1664._o i_o go_v to_o see_v his_o grave_n and_o to_o repeat_v for_o the_o repose_n of_o his_o soul_n and_o as_o a_o testimony_n of_o my_o remembrance_n and_o esteem_n of_o his_o rare_a quality_n the_o prayer_n de_fw-fr profundis_fw-la a_o journey_n to_o gemiane_n when_o the_o time_n be_v come_v that_o the_o copty_v observe_v the_o festival_n of_o the_o apparition_n of_o the_o saint_n at_o gemiane_n because_o i_o have_v not_o see_v it_o in_o my_o first_o voyage_n i_o go_v from_o cairo_n on_o monday_n the_o 9th_o of_o may_n with_o a_o servant_n of_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr tiger_n name_v leonard_n that_o can_v paint_v very_o well_o with_o several_z copty_v who_o come_v in_o our_o company_n because_o they_o have_v nothing_o to_o discharge_v the_o expense_n of_o this_o journey_n we_o go_v aboard_o at_o boulac_n and_o set_v sail_n for_o the_o town_n of_o mansoura_n where_o we_o land_v the_o 12_o of_o the_o same_o month._n the_o next_o day_n we_o leave_v mansoura_n take_v a_o boat_n for_o diast_n a_o little_a village_n situate_a upon_o the_o westside_n of_o niltus_n for_o here_o all_o traveller_n that_o go_v to_o gemiane_n from_o cairo_n be_v wont_v to_o land_n it_o stand_v about_o four_o hour_n journey_v from_o mansoura_n at_o our_o land_n we_o leave_v our_o boat_n and_o go_v by_o land_n to_o bossat_n inossára_n a_o little_a mile_n distant_a from_o the_o river_n in_o the_o land_n we_o spend_v there_o the_o night_n and_o lodg'din_fw-fr the_o church_n of_o s._n george_n with_o several_a other_o copty_v who_o we_o find_v there_o who_o be_v bind_v also_o as_o well_o as_o we_o for_o gemiane_n the_o 14_o day_n very_o early_o we_o proceed_v on_o towards_o the_o three_o branch_n of_o nilus_n which_o begin_v as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v in_o the_o description_n of_o this_o river_n at_o sciobret_n il_fw-fr yemen_n which_o it_o have_v pass_v near_o the_o town_n of_o mohelle_n kebÃre_v or_o great_a mohelle_n and_o near_a gemiane_n it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n at_o brullos_n we_o march_v on_o into_o the_o country_n and_o when_o we_o come_v to_o this_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n we_o find_v several_a boat_n ready_a to_o carry_v we_o with_o the_o current_n to_o gemiane_n where_o we_o land_v about_o the_o evening_n not_o without_o suffer_v many_o cross_n and_o inconvenience_n because_o the_o master_n of_o the_o boat_n a_o arabian_a be_v a_o wicked_a rogue_n gemiane_n be_v a_o famous_a church_n of_o the_o copty_v build_v in_o a_o large_a champain_n very_o even_o and_o boundless_a to_o the_o eye_n but_o very_o unfruitful_a in_o the_o province_n of_o garbie_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o delta_n it_o stand_v near_o the_o place_n where_o be_v ancient_o the_o city_n degue_n call_v by_o the_o copty_v tekebi_n on_o the_o west_n it_o have_v the_o great_a mohelle_n on_o the_o east_n the_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n that_o enter_v into_o the_o sea_n at_o brullos_n and_o on_o the_o north_n the_o mediterranean_a sea_n this_o church_n have_v five_o and_o twenty_o arch_n or_o isle_n that_o yield_v at_o a_o distance_n a_o very_a beautiful_a prospect_n though_o they_o be_v not_o in_o order_n nor_o equal_v in_o bigness_n the_o church_n within_o be_v not_o yet_o finish_v and_o there_o be_v but_o one_o chapel_n white_v with_o lime_n namely_o that_o where_o the_o suppose_a apparition_n happen_v there_o be_v also_o but_o one_o altar_n as_o in_o all_o other_o church_n of_o the_o levant_n all_o the_o isle_n or_o arch_n serve_v to_o adorn_v the_o church_n and_o to_o give_v light_a to_o it_o for_o in_o every_o one_o there_o be_v a_o window_n and_o in_o some_o two_o the_o chapel_n where_o the_o apparition_n happen_v be_v on_o the_o north-side_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n as_o one_o enter_v in_o and_o over_o against_o the_o door_n during_o three_o day_n i_o examine_v this_o apparition_n and_o the_o cause_n from_o whence_o it_o proceed_v as_o exact_o as_o i_o can_v possible_o and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o object_n that_o go_v by_o the_o church_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n which_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o chapel_n by_o the_o air_n through_o the_o two_o window_n that_o give_v light_a it_o represent_v over_o against_o upon_o the_o wall_n the_o shadow_n which_o be_v like_o the_o object_n that_o go_v by_o for_o example_n when_o a_o horseman_n go_v by_o there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o wall_n in_o a_o confuse_a manner_n a_o shadow_n of_o a_o man_n on_o horseback_n if_o it_o be_v a_o woman_n that_o have_v a_o child_n in_o her_o arm_n one_o may_v see_v the_o shadow_n of_o that_o appearance_n and_o so_o be_v it_o with_o all_o other_o thing_n now_o the_o people_n be_v superstitious_a and_o of_o a_o dull_a apprehension_n not_o know_v how_o this_o happen_v fancy_n that_o the_o saint_n appear_v to_o they_o they_o know_v and_o distinguish_v they_o according_a as_o they_o be_v paint_v in_o their_o church_n for_o example_n when_o they_o see_v the_o shadow_n that_o represent_v a_o cavalier_n they_o say_v that_o it_o be_v s._n george_n for_o the_o copty_v as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o people_n of_o the_o east_n represent_v he_o as_o a_o man_n on_o horseback_n kill_v a_o dragon_n when_o they_o see_v a_o woman_n carry_v of_o a_o infant_n in_o her_o arm_n they_o say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o bless_a virgin_n because_o they_o see_v she_o thus_o represent_v in_o the_o picture_n of_o their_o church_n when_o they_o see_v the_o shadow_n of_o a_o man_n on_o foot_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n they_o say_v that_o it_o be_v s._n menna_n because_o they_o paint_v he_o with_o a_o red_a habit._n they_o distinguish_v the_o other_o saint_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n they_o be_v so_o much_o bewitch_v with_o the_o fancy_n of_o the_o reality_n of_o these_o apparition_n that_o if_o any_o person_n shall_v offer_v to_o deny_v it_o he_o will_v be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v knock_v on_o the_o head_n it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o answer_v that_o the_o shadow_n that_o appear_v in_o this_o chapel_n can_v be_v form_v by_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o object_n because_o the_o window_n through_o which_o they_o come_v in_o be_v at_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o church_n which_o never_o enjoy_v the_o sunshine_n and_o that_o therefore_o they_o be_v true_a and_o real_a apparition_n to_o this_o i_o reply_v that_o it_o be_v not_o needful_a that_o the_o church_n be_v enlighten_v on_o that_o side_n but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o object_n that_o pass_v by_o be_v enlighten_v now_o if_o the_o church_n have_v the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n on_o that_o side_n the_o brightness_n of_o the_o light_n will_v discover_v too_o plain_o the_o shadow_n and_o will_v take_v away_o all_o cause_n of_o admiration_n if_o any_o will_v say_v that_o some_o ingenious_a person_n among_o they_o have_v build_v this_o chapel_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o optic_a art_n to_o deceive_v the_o people_n with_o these_o apparition_n i_o desire_v he_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o copty_v be_v so_o ignorant_a that_o they_o know_v not_o what_o this_o art_n be_v this_o chapel_n as_o the_o other_o church_n have_v be_v build_v in_o this_o manner_n without_o any_o design_n to_o cozen_v the_o world_n therefore_o this_o reflection_n which_o they_o name_v apparition_n of_o the_o saint_n have_v be_v discover_v by_o chance_n experience_n have_v teach_v i_o this_o in_o other_o church_n which_o have_v not_o be_v build_v no_o more_o than_o this_o to_o deceive_v the_o world_n with_o vain_a apparition_n i_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o in_o the_o church_n bossat_n inossára_n where_o i_o be_v on_o the_o 13_o of_o the_o same_o month_n in_o the_o company_n of_o some_o copty_v that_o be_v go_v to_o gemiane_n there_o i_o see_v the_o same_o shadow_n which_o two_o day_n after_o at_o gemiane_n they_o call_v s._n george_n the_o virgin_n mary_n and_o
grape_n to_o cairo_n and_o then_o the_o arabian_n retreat_n into_o the_o desert_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v fear_v in_o this_o season_n i_o undertake_v this_o journey_n that_o i_o have_v long_o design_v i_o go_v from_o cairo_n monday_n the_o 21._o of_o july_n and_o that_o i_o may_v not_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o danger_n as_o at_o tarane_n i_o take_v with_o i_o a_o janisary_a to_o who_o i_o give_v 15_o piastre_n every_o month_n and_o i_o take_v my_o blackmoor_n name_v abul_n kerún_o who_o courage_n i_o have_v experience_v before_o for_o they_o and_o myself_o i_o hire_v three_o mule_n that_o be_v go_v back_o to_o that_o city_n we_o go_v from_o cairo_n the_o prefix_a day_n before_o noon_n at_o our_o arrival_n at_o the_o monastery_n of_o aduvie_fw-la which_o be_v about_o a_o hour_n travel_v from_o old_a cairo_n situate_a upon_o the_o east-side_n of_o nilus_n we_o pass_v to_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n and_o from_o thence_o we_o march_v to_o mocanan_n a_o very_a good_a town_n a_o place_n where_o dwell_v a_o arabian_a prince_n very_o famous_a call_v ibn_n chabir_n at_o night_n we_o get_v as_o far_o as_o kahue_n barnascht_v a_o coffee-house_n build_v at_o the_o entry_n in_o of_o the_o wilderness_n through_o which_o one_o go_v to_o fiúm_v after_o that_o we_o have_v rest_v ourselves_o a_o little_a we_o proceed_v on_o in_o our_o journey_n before_o the_o sunset_n march_v through_o the_o wilderness_n with_o many_o other_o in_o our_o company_n who_o have_v overtake_v as_o while_o we_o stay_v we_o spend_v nine_o hour_n in_o go_v through_o this_o desert_n go_v all_o night_n through_o a_o campane_n very_o equal_a full_a of_o sand_n and_o houndless_a and_o in_o the_o morning_n before_o the_o sunrising_n we_o arrive_v at_o tamieh_n a_o very_a great_a and_o considerable_a town_n belong_v to_o the_o cascieflik_a of_o fiúm_n situate_a at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wilderness_n about_o five_o hour_n journey_v from_o fiúm_n for_o a_o horseman_n when_o we_o have_v rest_v here_o a_o while_n and_o drink_v some_o coffee_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n we_o march_v on_o in_o our_o way_n and_o enter_v into_o fiúm_n about_o noon_n at_o my_o first_o arrival_n i_o lodge_v in_o a_o public_a inn_n call_v ocalet_n beida_o situate_a near_o the_o market_n and_o almost_o ruinate_v till_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o a_o better_a and_o more_o convenient_a abode_n about_o ten_o day_n after_o i_o change_v my_o dwell_n because_o i_o be_v too_o much_o in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v too_o jealous_a of_o i_o which_o a_o franc_n ought_v to_o be_v careful_a of_o that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v censure_v and_o affront_v by_o they_o i_o take_v a_o lodging_n near_o the_o christian_n dwelling_n at_o a_o turk_n house_n call_v tatar_n sciaban_n who_o be_v a_o very_a honest_a man_n notwithstanding_o his_o religion_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o turk_n see_v a_o franc_n in_o a_o village_n or_o country_n chief_o where_o they_o never_o see_v he_o before_o they_o imagine_v immediate_o that_o he_o be_v load_v with_o diamond_n and_o pearl_n they_o take_v therefore_o notice_n of_o all_o his_o step_n to_o find_v out_o some_o occasion_n to_o quarrel_n with_o he_o and_o of_o all_o place_n of_o turkey_n this_o happen_v most_o frequent_o in_o egypt_n as_o soon_o as_o i_o be_v in_o the_o town_n the_o report_n spread_v about_o that_o a_o rich_a franc_n with_o a_o great_a train_n be_v come_v the_o cadi_n think_v therefore_o that_o he_o have_v a_o person_n from_o who_o he_o may_v draw_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n because_o he_o believe_v that_o i_o be_v a_o merchant_n come_v thither_o to_o buy_v wine_n in_o the_o vintage-time_n to_o carry_v they_o to_o cairo_n which_o commodity_n be_v forbid_v in_o all_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n he_o desire_v the_o naib_n gaibe_n or_o soubachi_n of_o the_o place_n to_o endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o my_o design_n and_o to_o let_v he_o understand_v they_o for_o he_o promise_v to_o give_v he_o half_o the_o money_n that_o he_o shall_v get_v out_o of_o i_o if_o i_o do_v buy_v any_o wine_n for_o this_o purpose_n the_o naib_n gaibe_n or_o soubachi_n a_o renegade_n fleming_n who_o speak_v well_o his_o mother-tongue_n come_v to_o my_o lodging_n with_o two_o ruffian_n and_o enter_v into_o my_o chamber_n while_o i_o be_v take_v out_o my_o clothes_n and_o without_o salute_v any_o body_n sit_v down_o in_o a_o corner_n which_o be_v the_o place_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n in_o the_o east-country_n the_o ruffian_n stand_v at_o the_o door_n lean_v upon_o their_o staff_n i_o be_v mighty_o surprise_v to_o see_v such_o a_o person_n come_v to_o visit_v i_o i_o call_v to_o my_o janisary_n to_o know_v what_o he_o will_v have_v he_o answer_v that_o he_o understand_v that_o i_o be_v a_o franc_n and_o that_o he_o be_v come_v to_o know_v whether_o i_o will_v buy_v any_o wine_n because_o he_o will_v recommend_v i_o to_o that_o which_o be_v very_o good_a i_o reply_v that_o if_o he_o have_v no_o other_o business_n he_o may_v spare_v himself_o the_o trouble_n and_o pain_n that_o he_o take_v that_o i_o be_v never_o a_o merchant_n of_o wine_n and_o will_v not_o now_o begin_v and_o that_o we_o franc_n care_v not_o much_o for_o the_o poor_a wine_n of_o his_o country_n to_o this_o he_o hold_v his_o peace_n he_o inquire_v what_o countryman_n i_o be_v when_o i_o have_v tell_v he_o that_o i_o be_v of_o the_o city_n of_o erford_n in_o germany_n he_o seem_v to_o rejoice_v because_o he_o have_v find_v one_o in_o such_o a_o far_a country_n who_o he_o may_v name_v his_o countryman_n for_o he_o say_v he_o be_v of_o amsterdam_n he_o promise_v i_o his_o friendship_n we_o eat_v afterward_o together_o and_o i_o cause_v he_o to_o drink_v wine_n as_o much_o as_o he_o will_v which_o be_v very_o please_v to_o he_o when_o the_o liquor_n have_v a_o little_a cheer_v his_o spirit_n he_o discover_v to_o i_o the_o design_n of_o the_o cadi_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o visit_n by_o this_o mean_v he_o become_v one_o of_o my_o best_a friend_n in_o egypt_n and_o my_o safety_n while_o i_o continue_v in_o that_o town_n without_o who_o i_o shall_v not_o have_v escape_v the_o train_n that_o be_v lay_v for_o i_o after_o a_o little_a rest_n in_o my_o lodging_n i_o seek_v some_o mean_n to_o strike_v acquaintance_n with_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o place_n call_v amba_fw-la michael_n who_o have_v a_o very_a good_a repute_n of_o a_o honest_a and_o a_o learned_a man_n because_o i_o be_v desirous_a to_o have_v some_o body_n to_o converse_v with_o and_o to_o spend_v my_o time_n with_o some_o advantage_n to_o myself_o i_o obtain_v this_o with_o ease_n for_o he_o come_v a_o few_o day_n after_o and_o lodge_v at_o my_o house_n i_o be_o much_o behold_v to_o he_o for_o many_o thing_n that_o he_o have_v tell_v i_o concern_v their_o belief_n and_o ceremony_n which_o i_o have_v insert_v in_o my_o church_n of_o alexandria_n let_v we_o now_o see_v the_o description_n of_o the_o town_n and_o territory_n of_o fium_fw-la the_o town_n of_o fium_fw-la the_o chief_a of_o the_o province_n whereof_o it_o bear_v the_o name_n be_v large_a and_o full_a of_o people_n it_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o old_a arsinoe_n which_o be_v near_o adjoin_v on_o the_o westside_n though_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o house_n be_v but_o little_a and_o make_v of_o brick_n dry_v in_o the_o sun_n they_o be_v nevertheless_o commodious_a and_o some_o where_o the_o officer_n and_o commander_n dwell_v be_v large_a and_o beautiful_a there_o be_v many_o copty_v christian_n and_o a_o bishop_n but_o no_o church_n within_o the_o wall_n they_o perform_v their_o devotion_n at_o defy_v a_o village_n near_o by_o a_o artificial_a channel_n cut_v from_o the_o river_n pass_v through_o this_o city_n from_o east_n to_o west_n they_o name_v it_o bahr_n jusef_n or_o the_o river_n of_o joseph_n for_o they_o believe_v that_o joseph_n jacob_n son_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v make_v it_o be_v call_v also_o calitz_n il_fw-fr menhi_n or_o the_o channel_n of_o menhi_n this_o channel_n be_v remarkable_a because_o it_o keep_v fresh_a water_n all_o the_o year_n which_o proceed_v from_o several_a fountain_n there_o but_o it_o be_v too_o shallow_a to_o carry_v boat_n but_o when_o the_o river_n overflow_v it_o begin_v about_o three_o day_n journey_n from_o fium_fw-la draw_v towards_o the_o south_n near_o a_o village_n name_v tarut_fw-fr isscerif_n where_o i_o have_v be_v it_o run_v when_o it_o have_v leave_v the_o town_n into_o the_o lake_n name_v birket_n il_fw-fr kern_n or_o the_o lake_n of_o charon_n where_o the_o water_n become_v salt_n in_o this_o town_n be_v to_o
foot_n of_o this_o mountain_n in_o this_o place_n our_o bark_n run_v in_o the_o sand_n and_o when_o the_o boat-man_n be_v not_o able_a to_o free_v she_o the_o janissary_n that_o be_v with_o we_o force_v all_o the_o other_o traveller_n and_o christian_n with_o cudgel_n to_o leap_v over_o into_o the_o water_n to_o help_v they_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v free_v we_o proceed_v on_o in_o our_o way_n and_o we_o begin_v to_o discover_v the_o cave_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o be_v at_o the_o east_n of_o nilus_n and_o a_o little_a after_o the_o mount_n of_o bird_n call_v in_o arabic_a gebel_n teir_n which_o be_v so_o equal_a from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n about_o half_a a_o mile_n that_o it_o look_v like_o a_o strait_a wall_n build_v by_o hand_n rather_o than_o a_o rock_n make_v thus_o by_o nature_n which_o be_v a_o very_a delightful_a sight_n to_o traveller_n the_o water_n of_o nilus_n wash_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o it_o on_o the_o top_n of_o this_o mountain_n be_v the_o monastery_n of_o the_o copty_v call_v their_fw-mi il_fw-mi baccur_v and_o a_o little_o further_a several_a cave_n and_o the_o ruin_n if_o a_o ancient_a town_n tuesday_n night_n we_o be_v in_o sight_n of_o minie_n but_o our_o vessel_n run_v aground_n once_o more_o in_o the_o bank_n of_o sand_n so_o that_o the_o boat-man_n can_v not_o free_v it_o before_o night_n and_o there_o it_o stop_v till_o next_o day_n wednesday_n in_o the_o morning_n while_o our_o boat-man_n be_v busy_a in_o free_v the_o boat_n i_o go_v to_o see_v the_o city_n of_o minie_n situate_a on_o the_o west_n of_o nilus_n belong_v to_o the_o cascieflik_a of_o behnese_a i_o go_v also_o into_o the_o mosque_n without_o fear_n because_o i_o be_v clothe_v in_o a_o turkish_a habit._n when_o our_o boat-man_n have_v free_v the_o bark_n they_o draw_v she_o up_o to_o minie_n for_o we_o sail_v upward_o there_o i_o go_v on_o board_n to_o go_v towards_o melave_n about_o a_o hour_n sail_v from_o minie_n we_o begin_v to_o discover_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o lie_v at_o the_o east_n the_o cave_n this_o in_o my_o judgement_n be_v the_o begin_n of_o the_o country_n of_o thebes_n they_o be_v to_o be_v see_v along_o the_o mountain_n as_o far_o as_o momfallot_v i_o count_v four_o and_o thirty_o in_o a_o rank_n but_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o cave_n be_v stop_v up_o with_o earth_n that_o be_v fall_v in_o the_o same_o day_n about_o three_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n we_o pass_v by_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o ancient_a city_n insine_n leave_v it_o at_o our_o left_a hand_n and_o at_o night_n we_o go_v to_o lie_v before_o melave_n we_o sail_v away_o on_o thursday_n morning_n the_o second_o of_o march_n and_o we_o see_v in_o our_o way_n many_o cave_n in_o the_o mountain_n which_o be_v at_o the_o east_n at_o noon_n we_o leave_v the_o great_a channel_n of_o nilus_n because_o there_o be_v but_o little_a water_n and_o we_o enter_v into_o one_o of_o its_o branch_n which_o make_v a_o island_n by_o meet_v again_o with_o the_o great_a stream_n we_o pass_v before_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n of_o joseph_n of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v sufficient_o in_o the_o description_n of_o fium_fw-la friday_n morning_n the_o three_o day_n of_o the_o month_n we_o land_v at_o momfallot_n where_o i_o lodge_v in_o a_o house_n call_v ocalet_n emir_n otman_n or_o the_o dwell_n of_o prince_n otman_n which_o be_v in_o the_o marketplace_n it_o be_v a_o old_a dwelling_n much_o decay_v and_o though_o there_o be_v another_o more_o beautiful_a and_o more_o commodious_a i_o will_v not_o lodge_v in_o it_o that_o i_o may_v not_o suffer_v the_o affront_n of_o the_o jamssary_n and_o spahin_n who_o lodge_v there_o and_o who_o will_v have_v insult_v over_o i_o have_v they_o know_v i_o to_o be_v a_o franc._n momfallot_n the_o abode_n of_o the_o cascief_n of_o the_o province_n be_v a_o very_a great_a and_o beautiful_a town_n of_o egypt_n situate_a upon_o the_o bank_n of_o nilus_n on_o the_o westside_n in_o the_o middle_a egypt_n there_o be_v make_v much_o linen-cloth_n a_o great_a many_o christian_n copty_v live_v here_o but_o they_o have_v no_o church_n the_o name_n of_o this_o town_n signify_v in_o arabic_a the_o exile_n of_o lot_n because_o a_o certain_a lot_n be_v banish_v thither_o by_o his_o brother_n a_o ancient_a king_n of_o egypt_n as_o the_o copty_v say_v over_o against_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o nilus_n be_v the_o sign_n of_o a_o ancient_a town_n i_o can_v never_o understand_v the_o name_n from_o cairo_n to_o benesuef_n there_o be_v two_o day_n journey_n by_o land_n and_o by_o water_n sometime_o more_o sometime_o less_o according_a to_o the_o wind_n from_o benesuef_n to_o minie_n be_v three_o day_n journey_n by_o land_n from_o minie_n to_o melave_n be_v a_o little_a day_n journey_n from_o melave_n to_o momfallot_n be_v a_o little_a more_o than_o a_o day_n journey_n chief_o when_o the_o horse_n be_v not_o good_a and_o from_o momfallot_v one_o may_v go_v and_o dine_v at_o siut_a if_o one_o take_v the_o morning_n in_o the_o province_n of_o momfallot_n they_o reckon_v one_o and_o fifty_o town_n six_o and_o thirty_o at_o the_o west_n side_n of_o nilus_n and_o fifteen_o at_o the_o east_n which_o agree_v not_o with_o the_o relation_n of_o james_n albert_n of_o egypt_n who_o reckon_v up_o two_o hundred_o and_o seventeen_o in_o this_o he_o be_v mistake_v here_o be_v one_o and_o twenty_o church_n or_o monastery_n eleven_o at_o the_o westside_n of_o nilus_n namely_o moharrak_fw-mi with_o that_o of_o the_o abyssins_n near_a by_o the_o church_n of_o the_o angel_n gabriel_n at_o buk_n that_o of_o s._n theodore_n at_o timsahte_n that_o of_o s._n george_n at_o ballot_n that_o of_o the_o archangel_n raphael_n at_o tetelie_o that_o of_o s._n philothea_n at_o nemire_n that_o of_o the_o arch-angel_n gabriel_n and_o raphael_n at_o benekelb_n that_o of_o s._n mercurius_n at_o gauli_n that_o of_o the_o holy_a virgin_n at_o meessera_n that_o of_o s._n john_n of_o heraclea_n at_o om_fw-la il_fw-fr kossur_n there_o be_v twelve_o at_o the_o east-side_n of_o nilus_n namely_o the_o church_n of_o s._n theodore_n martyr_n s._n john_n son_n at_o bossra_n the_o monastery_n of_o s._n menna_n surname_v thoumatourgos_n at_o the_o church_n of_o the_o holy_a virgin_n at_o and_o another_o at_o maabde_v the_o church_n of_o mary_n poctor_n at_o gebravi_n another_o of_o the_o same_o saint_n at_o fadda_n that_o of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n at_o bene_n mohammed_a that_o of_o s._n george_n at_o bene_n morr_n and_o three_o that_o be_v at_o ibnub_n il_fw-fr hammam_fw-la namely_o the_o monastery_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n the_o church_n of_o s._n john_n the_o baptist_n and_o that_o of_o abufam_n il_fw-fr ghindi_fw-la the_o seven_o day_n of_o this_o month_n i_o go_v about_o seven_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n for_o siut_a where_o i_o arrive_v about_o noon_n these_o be_v the_o village_n in_o the_o way_n 1._o mandara_n where_o several_a ruin_n remain_v that_o bespeak_v it_o to_o have_v be_v a_o great_a town_n 2._o hantaca_n 3._o gauli_n where_o be_v to_o be_v see_v some_o ancient_a ruin_n and_o a_o old_a bridge_n to_o give_v passage_n to_o the_o river_n nilus_n when_o it_o overflow_v the_o country_n 4._o negghe_o where_o the_o caravan_n common_o rest_v that_o come_v from_o dungala_n when_o it_o go_v towards_o cairo_n 5._o benehsein_fw-fr and_o a_o little_o further_a coum_n benehsein_n where_o be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o tomb_n of_o one_o call_v sciech_n iscander_n 6._o mongabat_fw-la that_o new_a which_o be_v a_o very_a good_a town_n at_o the_o west_n of_o nilus_n and_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n hard_o by_o old_a mongabat_n but_o now_o ruinate_v at_o last_o we_o come_v to_o siut_a which_o lie_v south-south-east_n from_o momfallot_n when_o i_o be_v arrive_v at_o siut_a i_o take_v two_o chamber_n in_o the_o house_n call_v occalet_n il_fw-fr hammam_fw-la or_o the_o bathing-house_n so_o name_v because_o it_o be_v over_o against_o a_o public_a bath_n and_o though_o it_o be_v but_o little_a it_o be_v pleasant_a and_o commodious_a a_o few_o day_n after_o i_o crave_v acquaintance_n with_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o city_n call_v amba_fw-la joannes_n he_o be_v a_o very_a honest_a man_n of_o a_o good_a life_n he_o make_v i_o know_v a_o certain_a coptie_a name_v muallim_n athanasius_n the_o only_a man_n of_o all_o the_o upper_a egypt_n that_o understand_v his_o natural_a tongue_n that_o be_v the_o copty_v but_o i_o can_v not_o benefit_v myself_o much_o by_o he_o because_o he_o be_v deaf_a and_o about_o fourscore_o year_n of_o age_n nevertheless_o i_o have_v the_o satisfaction_n to_o behold_v that_o man_n with_o who_o the_o copty_v language_n will_v be_v utter_o loft_n siut_a call_v in_o