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and_o all_o this_o variety_n be_v recommend_v by_o a_o charm_a delivery_n her_o word_n flow_v with_o a_o delicate_a sweetness_n intermix_v with_o a_o become_a raillery_n the_o several_a language_n which_o she_o speak_v be_v like_o the_o several_a note_n of_o a_o well-tuned_a lute_n every_o thing_n that_o she_o say_v be_v harmonious_a and_o give_v a_o new_a pleasure_n to_o all_o who_o hear_v she_o and_o in_o this_o qualification_n 199._o qualification_n pol._n p._n 199._o zenobia_n strive_v to_o imitate_v that_o great_a lady_n she_o have_v some_o knowledge_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n but_o out_o of_o modesty_n use_v it_o not_o but_o she_o speak_v greek_a and_o the_o language_n of_o egypt_n in_o perfection_n and_o so_o well_o skilled_a be_v she_o in_o the_o alexandrian_a and_o oriental_a history_n that_o she_o be_v say_v to_o have_v write_v a_o epitome_n of_o they_o and_o she_o be_v also_o acquaint_v with_o as_o much_o of_o the_o roman_a affair_n as_o be_v treat_v of_o in_o greek_a and_o though_o she_o understand_v other_o tongue_n more_o accurate_o than_o the_o latin_a and_o think_v it_o not_o worth_a her_o while_n to_o be_v a_o critic_n in_o it_o yet_o she_o command_v her_o son_n to_o inure_v themselves_o to_o the_o language_n of_o rome_n rather_o than_o that_o of_o greece_n which_o they_o speak_v but_o seldom_o and_o with_o some_o difficulty_n design_v they_o probable_o in_o her_o ambitious_a thought_n for_o the_o government_n of_o that_o proud_a city_n as_o she_o have_v already_o declare_v they_o emperor_n to_o which_o end_n she_o have_v provide_v herself_o of_o a_o pompous_a chariot_n in_o which_o she_o intend_v to_o have_v make_v her_o triumphant_a entry_n into_o the_o capital_a of_o the_o world_n as_o a_o conqueror_n while_o it_o happen_v that_o she_o be_v carry_v in_o the_o same_o chariot_n a_o captive_n into_o that_o haughty_a city_n vopisâ—_n vopisâ—_n and_o as_o she_o be_v very_o learned_a herself_o so_o she_o become_v a_o declare_a patroness_n of_o 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the_o trophy_n of_o a_o entire_a victory_n and_o be_v receive_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o great_a honour_n as_o he_o just_o deserve_v at_o nisibis_n galerius_n meet_v the_o emperor_n without_o who_o consent_n himself_o be_v only_a caesar_n at_o that_o time_n can_v not_o confirm_v a_o peace_n and_o have_v make_v dioclesian_n acquaint_v with_o the_o particular_n consult_v with_o he_o what_o article_n they_o shall_v propose_v to_o the_o persian_a monarch_n 30._o p._n patric_n excerp_n p._n 29._o 30._o when_o they_o have_v adjust_v the_o affair_n they_o send_v sicorius_n probus_n the_o emperor_n secretary_n into_o persia_n with_o the_o term_n of_o agreement_n the_o king_n treat_v the_o ambassador_n with_o all_o civility_n but_o pretend_v some_o hindrance_n or_o other_o carry_v he_o with_o he_o from_o place_n to_o place_n till_o he_o come_v to_o asprudis_n a_o river_n of_o media_n where_o the_o scatter_a remain_v of_o his_o rout_v army_n have_v rally_v and_o embody_v themselves_o 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very_o necessary_a to_o build_v several_a city_n and_o castle_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o that_o river_n to_o secure_v their_o border_n particular_o in_o that_o large_a and_o barren_a desert_n that_o lie_v between_o euphratesia_n and_o the_o persian_a limit_n in_o that_o solitude_n dioclesian_n erect_v three_o castle_n build_v of_o unbaked_a brick_n of_o which_o number_n mambri_n be_v one_o which_o be_v situate_a five_o mile_n below_o zenobia_n but_o circesium_n stand_v three_o day_n journey_n low_a than_o zenobia_n and_o as_o far_o from_o palmyra_n be_v the_o last_o and_o remote_a castle_n that_o the_o roman_n have_v on_o their_o confine_n a_o little_a below_o thapsacus_n it_o be_v build_v very_o neat_a and_o very_o strong_a on_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o euphrates_n and_o the_o abora_n or_o chaborras_n as_o it_o be_v call_v in_o ptolemy_n two_o noble_a river_n which_o wash_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n be_v situate_v on_o the_o far_a side_n of_o the_o euphrates_n in_o that_o 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garrison_v with_o 6000_o man_n and_o in_o the_o 13_o year_n of_o supr_fw-la of_o precop_n ubi_fw-la supr_fw-la justinian_n when_o chosroes_n bring_v his_o force_n thither_o with_o a_o design_n that_o way_n to_o invade_v the_o empire_n he_o dare_v not_o attempt_v it_o after_o which_o time_n how_o long_o it_o continue_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n i_o know_v not_o by_o all_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o castra_n be_v found_v anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 27_o 8_o 9_o and_o that_o at_o that_o time_n hierocles_n be_v governor_n of_o palmyra_n chap._n xxxiii_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o honorius_n palmyra_n continue_v a_o roman_a garrison_n the_o town_n be_v then_o under_o the_o inspection_n of_o the_o dux_n phoeniciae_n as_o the_o notitiae_fw-la collect_v probable_o in_o that_o emperor_n reign_n affirm_v command_v by_o a_o colonel_n or_o praefect_n of_o the_o first_o illyrian_a legion_n which_o be_v leave_v there_o in_o garrison_n and_o in_o this_o state_n it_o be_v when_o stephen_n the_o grammarian_n of_o constantinople_n publish_v his_o work_n concern_v the_o city_n for_o he_o call_v it_o express_o a_o castle_n of_o syria_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o hermolaus_n his_o epitomator_n who_o dedicate_v his_o breviate_v to_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n inform_v we_o but_o though_o the_o civil_a privilege_n of_o the_o city_n be_v infringe_v it_o retain_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o episcopal_n see_v this_o fall_v not_o under_o the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o pagan_a emperor_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v not_o fortify_v the_o church_n be_v careful_a to_o preserve_v her_o right_n when_o the_o city_n honour_v with_o the_o episcopal_a jurisdiction_n have_v lose_v she_o justinian_n have_v determine_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n ann._n chr._n 52⅞_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o persian_n resolve_v to_o rebuild_v palmyra_n say_v procopius_n who_o thus_o describe_v it_o 95._o procop._n de_fw-fr aedific_n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o p._n 50._o &_o l._n 5._o c._n 1._o p._n 95._o that_o there_o be_v a_o city_n of_o phoenicia_n near_o mount_n libanus_n call_v palmyra_n build_v of_o old_a in_o a_o country_n that_o have_v no_o neighbour_n but_o such_o as_o be_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n but_o most_o commodious_o situate_v to_o observe_v the_o movement_n of_o the_o saracen_n the_o enemy_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v be_v build_v on_o purpose_n to_o prevent_v the_o eruption_n of_o those_o barbarian_n into_o the_o roman_a territory_n this_o city_n have_v be_v for_o a_o long_a time_n desert_v justinian_n strengthen_v with_o extraordinary_a fortification_n bring_v water_n to_o the_o place_n for_o the_o support_n of_o a_o strong_a garrison_n which_o he_o fix_v there_o and_o to_o justinian_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o attribute_v the_o build_n the_o castle_n of_o palmyra_n 103._o vid._n journal_n p._n 84_o 85_o 103._o rather_o than_o to_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o druses_n who_o never_o that_o we_o read_v of_o enlarge_v their_o territory_n as_o far_o as_o tadmur_v as_o also_o that_o noble_a aqueduct_v seem_v to_o be_v of_o his_o foundation_n which_o run_v underground_o in_o a_o direct_a passage_n five_o mile_n and_o be_v cover_v all_o the_o way_n with_o a_o arch_n of_o bastard-marble_n and_o a_o path_n on_o both_o side_n the_o channel_n large_a enough_o for_o two_o person_n to_o walk_v a_o breast_n in_o with_o ventiduct_n at_o every_o twenty_o yard_n distance_n be_v build_v for_o the_o supply_n of_o the_o garrison_n with_o water_n this_o be_v do_v say_v 148._o say_v chronogr_n p._n 148._o theophanes_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o justinian_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o uncle_n justin_n the_o emperor_n have_v give_v commission_n to_o patricius_n the_o armenian_a the_o governor_n of_o the_o east_n to_o see_v the_o work_n do_v effectual_o have_v furnish_v he_o with_o money_n to_o that_o purpose_n command_v also_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o east_n to_o
old_a syriac_a name_n keep_v its_o interest_n among_o the_o native_n and_o have_v at_o this_o day_n recover_v a_o entire_a possession_n as_o some_o other_o neighbour_a city_n in_o that_o country_n have_v do_v so_o caesarea_n in_o palestine_n be_v at_o present_a call_v as_o of_o old_a paneas_n and_o petra_n in_o arabia_n be_v now_o name_v bosra_n to_o omit_v other_o instance_n for_o as_o lib._n 14._o c._n 8._o seleucus_n nicator_n urbes_fw-la construxit_fw-la multis_fw-la opibus_fw-la firmas_fw-la &_o viribus_fw-la quarum_fw-la ad_fw-la praesens_fw-la plereque_fw-la licet_fw-la graecis_fw-la nominibus_fw-la appellentur_fw-la quae_fw-la iisdem_fw-la ad_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la imposita_fw-la sunt_fw-la conditoris_fw-la primogenita_fw-la tamen_fw-la nomina_fw-la non_fw-la amittunt_fw-la quae_fw-la ex_fw-la assyriâ_fw-la linguâ_fw-la institutores_fw-la veteres_fw-la indiderunt_fw-la ammianus_n marcellinus_n have_v well_o observe_v when_o seleucus_n nicator_n rebuilt_a many_o old_a city_n in_o syria_n among_o who_o we_o may_v reckon_v palmyra_n and_o give_v they_o strength_n and_o riches_n though_o many_o of_o they_o be_v still_o call_v by_o the_o greek_a name_n which_o their_o founder_n seleucus_n give_v they_o yet_o they_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n among_o the_o native_n retain_v their_o old_a syrian_a appellation_n which_o their_o first_o founder_n impose_v hence_o come_v it_o that_o the_o new_a name_n of_o adrianople_n give_v to_o palmyra_n be_v in_o a_o little_a time_n wear_v out_o and_o though_o the_o greek_n call_v the_o island_n of_o corsica_n diod._n sic._n l._n 5._o p._n 205._o cyrnus_n the_o native_n still_o maintain_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o true_a name_n and_o it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n steph._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o though_o heraclea_n be_v for_o a_o while_n call_v plistarchia_n in_o time_n it_o assert_v its_o ancient_a right_n and_o be_v call_v as_o former_o heraclea_n and_o i_o hearty_o wish_v that_o the_o learned_a man_n who_o have_v visit_v those_o oriental_a country_n have_v furnish_v themselves_o with_o instrument_n and_o spend_v some_o time_n in_o take_v the_o exact_a longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o several_a city_n in_o the_o chronological_a account_n i_o have_v follow_v the_o common_o receive_v epochas_n and_o according_o fix_v my_o series_n of_o time_n without_o enter_v into_o a_o overnice_a examination_n of_o particular_a dispute_n in_o chronology_n which_o be_v not_o so_o consonant_a to_o my_o present_a subject_n have_v fix_v the_o year_n of_o the_o creation_n according_a to_o the_o computation_n of_o our_o most_o learned_a archbishop_n usher_n i_o have_v free_o use_v the_o name_n of_o the_o heathen_a god_n though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o a_o distinguish_a epithet_n and_o beside_o the_o necessity_n of_o my_o subject_n which_o oblige_v i_o to_o it_o i_o may_v plead_v the_o usual_a practice_n in_o other_o language_n that_o the_o father_n do_v the_o same_o and_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a christian_n who_o go_v large_a length_n than_o i_o ever_o dare_v witness_v that_o epitaph_n in_o gruter_n 1050._o jovis_n optimi_fw-la maximi_fw-la beneficio_fw-la hic_fw-la in_o spe_fw-la resurrectionis_fw-la quiescit_fw-la nor_o can_v i_o be_v persuade_v that_o such_o study_n be_v disagreeable_a to_o my_o profession_n if_o any_o passage_n of_o that_o kind_n appear_v in_o the_o history_n i_o here_o renounce_v it_o and_o may_v it_o be_v as_o if_o it_o have_v never_o be_v say_v or_o write_v while_o the_o learned_a synesius_n have_v publish_v the_o life_n of_o typhon_n and_o osiris_n st._n ambrose_n as_o it_o be_v say_v and_o palladius_n the_o history_n of_o the_o brachmanes_n and_o nonnus_n beside_o his_o paraphrase_n upon_o st._n john_n be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o dionysiaca_n though_o after_o all_o i_o must_v profess_v i_o expect_v to_o be_v treat_v rude_o by_o some_o sour_a critic_n but_o have_v no_o private_a design_n in_o these_o paper_n i_o shall_v please_v myself_o to_o be_v correct_v by_o a_o man_n of_o sense_n and_o temper_n and_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tribe_n they_o be_v beneath_o consideration_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o a_o treatise_n of_o this_o kind_a aught_o to_o have_v be_v write_v in_o the_o learned_a language_n as_o probable_o it_o may_v be_v hereafter_o but_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o publish_v the_o commentary_n in_o the_o same_o language_n with_o the_o text_n and_o that_o the_o journal_o have_v be_v set_v forth_o in_o english_a the_o history_n ought_v to_o be_v write_v in_o the_o same_o tongue_n and_o have_v not_o a_o good_a part_n of_o my_o paper_n when_o finish_v be_v unhappy_o lose_v past_o retrieve_v my_o genius_n also_o nauseat_v the_o drudgery_n of_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n over_o again_o i_o may_v perhaps_o have_v manage_v the_o subject_a with_o more_o accuracy_n p._n 258._o i_o have_v affirm_v that_o the_o satur_n and_o jupiter_n of_o the_o heathen_n be_v bear_v after_o the_o day_n of_o job_n and_o of_o joshua_n and_o herein_o i_o have_v follow_v the_o father_n particular_o theophilus_n of_o antioch_n a_o excellent_a chronologist_n and_o who_o by_o that_o unanswerable_a argument_n have_v ruin_v all_o that_o be_v then_o say_v for_o the_o eternity_n of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o the_o heathen_a god_n who_o in_o one_o place_n of_o his_o excellent_a work_n against_o autolycus_n which_o for_o this_o reason_n be_v just_o style_v by_o lactantius_n libre_fw-la de_fw-la temporibus_fw-la affirm_v l._n 2._o p._n 58._o that_o saturn_n jupiter_n neptune_n and_o pluto_n be_v much_o young_a than_o the_o creation_n in_o a_o second_o l._n 3._o p._n 258._o that_o jupiter_n be_v much_o young_a than_o moses_n and_o the_o law_n but_o more_o express_o in_o a_o three_o p._n 282._o that_o cronus_n and_o belus_n i._n e._n saturn_n as_o thallus_n say_v in_o his_o history_n live_v but_o 322_o year_n before_o the_o trojan_a war_n whereas_o moses_n live_v 630_o year_n before_o that_o famous_a epocha_n and_o the_o chronologer_n petavius_n prove_v that_o when_o saturn_n flee_v into_o italy_n drive_v out_o by_o his_o son_n jupiter_n ehud_n be_v then_o a_o judge_n in_o israel_n about_o the_o year_n 1330_o before_o christ_n and_o that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o janus_n to_o who_o saturn_n flee_v to_o aeneas_n the_o whole_a be_v not_o 200_o year_n the_o arabic_a author_n as_o well_o as_o the_o common_a people_n of_o the_o country_n be_v to_o this_o day_n possess_v with_o the_o opinion_n that_o tadmur_n be_v build_v by_o solomon_n and_o that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o spirit_n as_o be_v also_o baalbec_n say_v benjamin_n tudelensis_n the_o superstitious_a jew_n and_o arab_n think_v it_o impossible_a that_o art_n shall_v perfect_v a_o stupendous_a building_n without_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o familiar_a if_o the_o city_n be_v destroy_v by_o nabuchadnezzar_n before_o he_o lay_v siege_n to_o jerusalem_n as_o john_n malela_n express_o affirm_v and_o in_o this_o account_n we_o may_v give_v he_o credit_n because_o he_o be_v of_o that_o country_n and_o may_v be_v presume_v not_o to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o affair_n of_o syria_n than_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o seleucus_n nicator_n the_o founder_n of_o the_o syrian_a empire_n rebuilt_a tadhmur_n as_o he_o do_v many_o other_o city_n and_o that_o then_o in_o honour_n to_o he_o and_o compliance_n with_o both_o their_o benefactor_n and_o conqueror_n they_o date_v their_o public_a write_n from_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o empire_n the_o aera_fw-la seleucidarum_fw-la as_o it_o be_v common_o style_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o city_n fit_v it_o for_o a_o public_a mart_n and_o the_o city_n alalis_n sura_n ptol._n l._n 5._o c._n 15._o and_o alamata_n be_v part_n of_o palmyrene_n and_o build_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o euphrates_n may_v be_v presume_v the_o port_n where_o they_o bring_v their_o good_n either_o export_v or_o import_v on_o that_o noble_a river_n the_o city_n be_v subject_n to_o the_o republic_a of_o what_o bigness_n and_o capacity_n for_o carriage_n the_o river_n that_o do_v run_v by_o its_o wall_n be_v we_o know_v not_o it_o have_v be_v many_o year_n since_o absorb_v that_o there_o run_v a_o river_n there_o in_o ptolemy_n time_n the_o geogragrapher_n affirm_v express_o that_o many_o other_o river_n have_v be_v lose_v in_o earthquake_n to_o which_o the_o eastern_a region_n be_v very_a subject_n no_o man_n doubt_n and_o some_o which_o yet_o continue_v to_o run_v be_v soon_o bury_v l._n 1._o c._n 13._o mela_n aver_v that_o a_o great_a river_n arise_v near_o corycus_n in_o cilicia_n and_o have_v make_v a_o great_a noise_n be_v immediate_o swallow_v and_o disappear_v and_o the_o river_n that_o run_v by_o aleppo_n be_v in_o a_o few_o hour_n afterward_o bury_v in_o the_o sand_n when_o the_o roman_n begin_v to_o enlarge_v their_o conquest_n in_o syria_n i_o question_v not_o but_o palmyra_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o arab_n for_o when_o pompey_n the_o great_a after_o the_o death_n
of_o the_o famous_a mithradates_n march_v against_o aretas_n the_o king_n of_o the_o arab_n appian_n call_v he_o king_n of_o the_o nabataean_a arab_n ann_n v._o c._n 690._o ante_fw-la christum_fw-la 63._o his_o kingdom_n reach_v from_o the_o river_n euphrates_n to_o the_o red_a sea_n say_v dio_n l._n 36._o in_o which_o compass_n palmyra_n must_v be_v include_v this_o aretas_n be_v doubtless_o one_o of_o the_o al-hariths_a of_o the_o arabian_n who_o be_v king_n of_o gessan_n and_o in_o late_a age_n lord_n of_o taahmur_n after_o which_o time_n i_o believe_v it_o acknowledge_v the_o roman_a power_n but_o be_v govern_v by_o its_o own_o law_n have_v under_o its_o immediate_a jurisdiction_n beside_o the_o three_o city_n on_o the_o river_n already_o mention_v twelve_o more_o in_o the_o inland_n of_o syria_n when_o trajan_n make_v his_o glorious_a expedition_n into_o persia_n i_o conjecture_v palmyra_n be_v a_o sufferer_n in_o the_o common_a calamity_n of_o that_o country_n for_o pliny_n say_v it_o be_v sometime_o in_o the_o roman_a at_o other_o in_o the_o parthian_a interest_n or_o else_o it_o will_v not_o have_v need_v hadrian_n assistance_n to_o rebuild_v and_o beautify_v it_o while_o other_o city_n taste_v of_o trajan_n bounty_n for_o from_o trajan_n expedition_n in_o the_o 8_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n of_o christ_n 105._o the_o inhabitant_n of_o bozra_n and_o petra_n date_v their_o write_n say_v the_o author_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a chronicle_n l._n 3._o p._n 105._o and_o zosimus_n affirm_v that_o at_o zaragardia_n not_o far_o from_o the_o euphrates_n on_o the_o persian_a side_n in_o his_o time_n there_o stand_v a_o noble_a throne_n build_v of_o stone_n which_o the_o native_n call_v trajan_n throne_n erect_v i_o doubt_v not_o in_o memory_n of_o his_o illustrious_a achievement_n in_o that_o country_n but_o whatever_o palmyra_n may_v have_v suffer_v under_o trajan_n be_v repair_v by_o his_o successor_n who_o give_v the_o city_n his_o own_o name_n and_o they_o in_o gratitude_n make_v vow_n for_o his_o recovery_n not_o in_o the_o last_o the_o 19_o of_o his_o reign_n as_o through_o haste_n be_v say_v f._n 35_o 36._o he_o reign_v almost_o 22_o year_n but_o in_o the_o seventeen_o from_o which_o sickness_n he_o recover_v to_o die_v afterward_o in_o great_a torment_n and_o this_o i_o mention_v here_o that_o i_o may_v correct_v the_o mistake_n in_o the_o history_n to_o this_o city_n septimius_n severus_n may_v also_o be_v presume_v a_o benefactor_n to_o who_o before_o his_o famous_a expedition_n against_o the_o parthian_n sparta_n vit_fw-mi septim_fw-la p._n 67._o when_o he_o rout_v niger_n with_o who_o the_o arab_n parthian_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o adiabene_n join_v their_o force_n the_o republic_a give_v their_o assistance_n against_o the_o ally_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o adopt_v his_o name_n into_o their_o most_o eminent_a family_n after_o which_o time_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o zenobia_n i_o take_v they_o to_o have_v be_v in_o confederacy_n with_o and_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n for_o they_o assist_v both_o alexander_n severus_n and_o gordian_n in_o their_o expedition_n into_o the_o east_n against_o the_o persian_n as_o the_o inscription_n testify_v only_o it_o look_v probable_a that_o upon_o the_o captivity_n of_o valerian_n the_o senate_n for_o a_o while_o dissemble_v their_o interest_n and_o acknowledge_v the_o power_n of_o sapores_fw-la in_o the_o battle_n at_o immae_n where_o zenobia_n be_v rout_v s._n hierom_n affirm_v that_o pompeianus_n the_o frank_n settle_v at_o antioch_n but_o the_o family_n be_v unquestionable_o fix_v in_o that_o country_n long_o before_o capitol_n marcus_n for_o when_o marcus_n the_o philosopher_n undertake_v the_o german_a war_n he_o marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o claudius_n pompeianus_n who_o be_v of_o antioch_n this_o also_o i_o mention_v to_o correct_v another_o mistake_n after_o the_o captivity_n of_o zenobia_n the_o city_n be_v a_o spectacle_n of_o pity_n but_o be_v a_o necessary_a frontier_n be_v repair_v and_o in_o dioclesian_n time_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n in_o the_o day_n of_o constantius_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v note_v as_o now_o for_o great_a robber_n p._n 8._o say_v the_o old_a geographer_n set_v out_o by_o gothofred_n and_o govern_v by_o woman_n but_o that_o i_o take_v for_o grant_v be_v a_o error_n as_o if_o when_o zenobia_n have_v begin_v to_o wield_v a_o sceptre_n none_o but_o her_o own_o sex_n in_o that_o country_n dare_v pretend_v to_o command_v malel_n part_n 2._o p._n 39_o theodosius_n the_o great_a divide_a libanesia_n from_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o phoenicia_n and_o make_v it_o a_o distinct_a province_n emesa_n be_v the_o metropolis_n under_o who_o jurisdiction_n palmyra_n be_v put_v and_o so_o continue_v when_o the_o follower_n of_o mahomet_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o that_o country_n and_o for_o many_o century_n after_o for_o in_o abulfedas_n time_n above_o 1300_o after_o christ_n tadhmur_v acknowledge_v hem_n emesa_n its_o metropolis_n and_o probable_o it_o be_v so_o after_o his_o time_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o same_o theodosius_n if_o p._n 28._o ed._n gron._n ethicus_n or_o whoever_o go_v under_o that_o name_n live_v in_o those_o day_n or_o before_o for_o st._n hierome_n be_v say_v to_o have_v translate_v he_o palmyra_n be_v reckon_v among_o the_o famous_a town_n of_o the_o east_n as_o it_o be_v also_o by_o p._n 8._o julius_n honorius_n who_o live_v before_o theodoric_n for_o cassiodore_n mention_n he_o palmira_n damascus_fw-la read_v palmyra_n damascus_n and_o the_o author_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a chronicon_fw-la among_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o the_o four_o climate_n reckon_v palmyra_n with_o apamea_n emesa_n etc._n etc._n in_o caele_n syria_n in_o justinian_n time_n it_o become_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o east_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o constantinopolitan_a empire_n but_o it_o be_v probable_a do_v not_o continue_v long_o in_o that_o state_n for_o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 640._o when_o heraclius_n be_v emperor_n jabalah_n the_o son_n of_o al_n iham_n be_v king_n of_o gassan_n and_o lord_n of_o tadhmur_n perhaps_o a_o tributary_n to_o heraclius_n who_o be_v overcome_v by_o omar_n the_o caliph_n one_o of_o mahomet_n successor_n submit_v and_o turn_v mahometan_n but_o repent_v he_o afterward_o go_v to_o constantinople_n pococ_fw-la not_o in_o specim_fw-la hist_o ar._n p._n 77_o 136._o and_o become_v a_o christian_a and_o at_o this_o time_n i_o believe_v mahometanism_n settle_v itself_o at_o tadhmur_n the_o tribe_n of_o gassan_n be_v before_o those_o day_n christian_n i_o shall_v not_o particular_o undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v the_o usefulness_n of_o coin_n and_o inscription_n the_o learned_a world_n have_v be_v already_o full_o convince_v of_o that_o truth_n how_o many_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a passage_n in_o chronology_n have_v be_v set_v in_o their_o due_a light_n how_o many_o series_n of_o king_n have_v be_v regular_o deduce_v what_o rite_n and_o custom_n both_o sacred_a and_o civil_a have_v be_v by_o those_o help_v discover_v needs_o no_o further_a proof_n though_o be_v there_o nothing_o else_o at_o palmyra_n to_o be_v see_v but_o the_o noble_a ruin_n of_o the_o temple_n and_o palace_n build_v according_a to_o the_o best_a and_o bold_a rule_n of_o the_o ancient_a architecture_n i_o shall_v think_v a_o journey_n thither_o on_o that_o errand_n alone_o worth_a the_o undertake_n and_o though_o the_o old_a of_o the_o palmyrene_n inscription_n be_v a_o hundred_o year_n young_a than_o our_o bless_a saviour_n incarnation_n as_o i_o have_v make_v appear_v in_o the_o commentary_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o so_o contemptible_a as_o some_o have_v imagine_v but_o afford_v we_o some_o memorial_n of_o those_o time_n which_o no_o where_n else_o occur_v and_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n the_o use_n of_o the_o greek_a ε_n which_o appear_v not_o till_o about_o domitian_n time_n by_o which_o i_o postpone_v the_o old_a inscription_n at_o tadhmur_n a_o hundred_o year_n may_v we_o prove_v the_o spuriousness_n of_o that_o table_n preserve_v at_o rome_n which_o be_v report_v to_o contain_v the_o very_a title_n which_o by_o pilat_n order_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o cross_n of_o our_o lord_n for_o therein_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v write_v with_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o ε._n it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o in_o the_o palmyrene_n inscription_n be_v some_o peculiar_a word_n which_o occur_v not_o in_o the_o lexica_fw-la as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v more_o in_o other_o old_a marble_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o wonder_n that_o in_o a_o remote_a part_n of_o syria_n where_o a_o different_a language_n be_v speak_v pric_n in_o apul._n apolog._n p._n 67._o de_fw-fr foedere_fw-la hierapytniorum_fw-la &_o priansens_n sciunt_fw-la doctiores_fw-la usquequo_fw-la huc_fw-la progredi_fw-la licet_fw-la scripta_fw-la hoc_fw-la genus_fw-la non_fw-la
chap._n 2._o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n p._n 187._o chap._n 3._o of_o the_o public_a officer_n p._n 197._o chap._n 4._o of_o their_o idolatry_n and_o superstition_n p._n 241._o chap._n 5._o a_o account_n of_o vaballathus_n p._n 272._o chap._n 6._o the_o history_n of_o longinus_n p._n 287._o chap._n 7._o the_o commentary_n on_o the_o inscription_n p._n 295._o a_o view_n of_o the_o ruin_n of_o palmyra_n alias_o tadmor_n take_v on_o the_o southern_a side_n the_o history_n of_o palmyra_n history_n of_o remote_a country_n and_o strange_a revolution_n have_v be_v always_o entertain_v with_o respect_n and_o the_o pleasure_n of_o see_v at_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n and_o hear_v of_o dismal_a catastrophe_n wherein_o we_o have_v no_o other_o immediate_a share_n but_o that_o of_o wonder_n and_o pity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o mean_a satisfaction_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n life_n since_o every_o turn_v of_o providence_n in_o a_o foreign_a nation_n every_o new_a scene_n of_o prosperity_n or_o adversity_n be_v a_o lesson_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o best_a rule_n of_o behaviour_n both_o for_o a_o public_a and_o private_a capacity_n be_v deducible_a from_o such_o remarkable_a occurrence_n and_o among_o all_o the_o great_a revolution_n that_o have_v call_v for_o the_o astonishment_n and_o commiseration_n of_o mankind_n the_o several_a fortune_n of_o palmyra_n be_v not_o the_o least_o remarkable_a a_o country_n far_o distant_a from_o our_o region_n distinguish_v by_o nature_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n by_o a_o separate_a situation_n and_o a_o empire_n that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n overran_a all_o the_o east_n baffle_v the_o force_n of_o the_o persian_n subdue_v egypt_n and_o make_v all_o asia_n to_o the_o hellespont_n tremble_v but_o in_o a_o few_o month_n afterward_o be_v strip_v of_o all_o its_o grandeur_n and_o by_o degree_n reduce_v to_o the_o low_a state_n of_o poverty_n as_o it_o be_v this_o day_n of_o this_o country_n i_o intend_v to_o treat_v of_o its_o founder_n and_o antiquity_n its_o situation_n and_o plenty_n its_o government_n ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a and_o its_o several_a fortune_n and_o condition_n as_o far_o as_o my_o read_n will_v assist_v i_o till_o some_o more_o able_a critic_n shall_v undertake_v the_o task_n and_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o such_o a_o account_n of_o the_o place_n as_o the_o ancient_n furnish_v we_o with_o chap._n i._n when_o solomon_n have_v finish_v his_o stupendous_a temple_n at_o jerusalem_n which_o better_o deserve_v to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o world_n wonder_n than_o that_o at_o ephesus_n and_o the_o noble_a palace_n which_o he_o build_v for_o himself_o 4._o 1_o king_n 9.10_o 18._o 2_o chron._n 8.3_o 4._o in_o the_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o make_v war_n against_o hamath-zobah_a which_o have_v be_v subdue_v by_o david_n but_o revolt_v and_o have_v conquer_v it_o he_o build_v tadmor_n in_o the_o wilderness_n the_o upper_a and_o nether_a bethhoron_n baalath_n and_o all_o the_o store-city_n which_o he_o strong_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o gate_n and_o bar_n they_o be_v his_o frontier_n town_n and_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o vast_a empire_n 9.26_o 2_o chron._n 9.26_o for_o he_o reign_v over_o all_o the_o king_n from_o the_o river_n euphrates_n to_o the_o land_n of_o the_o philistine_n and_o to_o the_o border_n of_o egypt_n 4.24_o 1_o king_n 4.24_o from_o tiphsac_n even_o to_o azzah_n i._n e._n from_o gaza_n to_o thapsachus_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o pass_n over_o the_o euphrates_n the_o arabic_a translator_n of_o 2_o chron._n 8.3_o imply_v that_o tadmor_n be_v a_o city_n before_o solomon_n time_n and_o that_o he_o only_o re-edify_v it_o that_o it_o be_v a_o metropolis_n of_o old_a as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o latter_a time_n and_o have_v many_o town_n under_o its_o jurisdiction_n nor_o be_v it_o altogether_o improbable_a those_o part_n of_o the_o world_n near_o the_o place_n where_o the_o ark_n rest_v after_o the_o deluge_n cease_v be_v first_o people_v the_o arabic_a historian_n 53._o historian_n verse_n poc._n p._n 53._o abulfarajus_fw-la say_v that_o solomon_n in_o the_o twenty_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n have_v destroy_v the_o city_n of_o antioch_n build_v seven_o city_n in_o its_o stead_n of_o which_o tadmor_n be_v one_o but_o the_o fabulous_a historian_n of_o antioch_n 152._o antioch_n par._n 1._o p._n 185._o &_o par._n 2._o p._n 152._o john_n matela_n averr_v that_o the_o foundation_n of_o palmyra_n be_v lay_v in_o the_o same_o place_n in_o which_o david_n slay_v goliath_n and_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n with_o his_o own_o sword_n and_o that_o king_n solomon_n in_o memory_n of_o this_o great_a victory_n build_v a_o noble_a city_n there_o and_z from_o the_o fate_n of_o the_o giant_n call_v it_o palmyra_n while_o 2._o while_o antiq._n l._n 8._o c._n 2._o josephus_n thus_o inform_v we_o that_o solomon_n after_o he_o have_v build_v gazara_n which_o pharaoh_n have_v take_v it_o from_o the_o philistine_n give_v to_o his_o daughter_n not_o far_o from_o it_o build_v two_o city_n betachora_n and_o bale_v with_o other_o place_n to_o which_o he_o may_v retire_v for_o his_o pleasure_n that_o he_o may_v enjoy_v a_o temperate_a air_n excellent_a fruit_n and_o pleasant_a stream_n from_o whence_o he_o pass_v into_o the_o desert_n above_o syria_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o great_a city_n which_o 47._o which_o hier._n in_o ezek._n 47._o he_o beautify_v with_o extraordinary_a building_n two_o day_n journey_n from_o the_o upper_a syria_n and_o one_o from_o euphrates_n but_o from_o babylon_n six_o day_n journey_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o build_v this_o city_n so_o far_o from_o the_o inhabit_a place_n of_o syria_n be_v that_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n there_o be_v no_o water_n but_o in_o that_o place_n only_o there_o be_v fountain_n and_o well_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o peutinger_n table_n that_o near_o it_o stand_v the_o centum_fw-la putei_fw-la appendix_n putei_fw-la concern_v the_o name_n tadhmur_v and_o palmyra_n consult_v the_o appendix_n when_o therefore_o he_o have_v build_v the_o city_n and_o fence_v it_o with_o strong_a wall_n he_o name_v it_o tadmor_n as_o it_o be_v now_o call_v by_o the_o syrian_n while_o the_o greek_n call_v it_o palmyra_n chap._n ii_o from_o its_o founder_n and_o name_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o consider_v its_o situation_n and_o plenty_n as_o to_o its_o situation_n from_o the_o description_n that_o josephus_n give_v of_o it_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o though_o it_o stand_v in_o a_o desert_n country_n it_o be_v a_o very_a fertile_a spot_n of_o ground_n the_o air_n be_v very_o moderate_a and_o healthy_a for_o when_o porph._n when_o epist_n ad_fw-la porph._n longinus_n invite_v his_o friend_n porphyry_n thither_o he_o encourage_v he_o to_o undertake_v the_o journey_n upon_o two_o account_n first_o that_o they_o may_v renew_v their_o old_a friendship_n second_o that_o he_o may_v recover_v his_o break_a health_n by_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o air_n of_o palmyra_n 205._o palmyra_n lib._n 8._o p._n 205._o ptolemy_n place_n it_o east_n from_o alexanandria_n in_o the_o same_o climate_n with_o antioch_n seleucia_n hierapolis_n emesa_n and_o other_o city_n of_o alexandria_n say_v the_o author_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a chronicon_fw-la 82._o chron._n alex_n p._n 82._o in_o the_o longit._n of_o 71_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n and_o the_o latit_fw-fr of_o 34_o deg_fw-la the_o long_a day_n be_v there_o above_o 14_o hour_n the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o tadmur_n i_o conjecture_v be_v the_o son_n of_o abraham_n by_o keturah_n for_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v by_o their_o father_n into_o the_o east_n gen._n 25.6_o i_o e._n into_o the_o east_n from_o jerusalem_n and_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n into_o the_o desert_n of_o arabia_n and_o the_o country_n border_v on_o the_o euphrates_n who_o inhabitant_n be_v call_v in_o holy_a writ_n the_o child_n of_o the_o east_n and_o be_v for_o that_o reason_n also_o call_v saracen_n that_o be_v oriental_n or_o easterling_n as_o our_o most_o learned_a pocock_n affirm_v now_o the_o saracen_n be_v say_v by_o ult_n by_o lib._n 23._o cap._n ult_n amm._n marcellinus_n to_o be_v the_o arabe_n scenitae_n though_o pliny_n and_o ptolemy_n distinguish_v they_o to_o who_o the_o palmyrenian_o be_v conterminous_a if_o not_o the_o same_o and_o for_o this_o reason_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o odenathus_n in_o all_o the_o latter_a writer_n be_v call_v the_o king_n of_o the_o saracen_n though_o zenobia_n in_o her_o letter_n to_o aurelian_a distinguish_v the_o saracen_n from_o her_o subject_n reckon_v the_o saracen_n among_o her_o foreign_a troop_n and_o auxiliary_n in_o the_o ecclesiaslick_n notitia_fw-la it_o be_v account_v a_o part_n of_o phoenicia_n libanesia_n and_o porphyry_n treat_v of_o longinus_n invite_v he_o to_o
make_v that_o place_n the_o seat_n of_o his_o constant_a residence_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o church_n from_o the_o sacrilegious_a saracen_n eight_o year_n after_o this_o 88_o procop._n bel._n pers_n l._n 2._o c._n 1._o p._n 88_o when_o belisarius_n have_v reduce_v italy_n under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o emperor_n ann._n chr._n 535_o chosroes_n king_n of_o persia_n concert_v his_o affair_n with_o alamundarus_n one_o of_o the_o arabian_a prince_n that_o he_o shall_v invade_v arethas_n another_o of_o the_o saracen_n king_n but_o in_o the_o roman_a interest_n upon_o the_o pretext_n that_o arethas_n detain_v from_o he_o a_o little_a region_n call_v strata_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o city_n palmyra_n but_o barren_a of_o all_o thing_n be_v burn_v with_o the_o fervent_a sun_n so_o that_o it_o produce_v neither_o tree_n nor_o fruit_n and_o be_v destine_v only_o to_o the_o feed_n of_o a_o few_o cattle_n 97._o id._n c._n 5._o p._n 97._o whereupon_o chosroes_n make_v a_o inroad_n into_o the_o roman_a territory_n march_v his_o army_n three_o day_n by_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n euphrates_n till_o he_o come_v to_o zenobia_n the_o foundation_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o palmyrene_n but_o find_v the_o region_n uninhabited_a and_o destitute_a of_o all_o necessary_n the_o city_n also_o refuse_v to_o surrender_v when_o require_v to_o do_v so_o he_o retire_v to_o sura_n another_o city_n upon_o the_o euphrates_n chap._n xxxiv_o about_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o repair_n of_o palmyra_n by_o justinian_n it_o please_v god_n to_o permit_v mahomet_n a_o obscure_a arab_n to_o scourge_v the_o eastern_a church_n for_o their_o heresy_n and_o their_o loose_a manner_n and_o to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o empire_n which_o with_o the_o religion_n call_v mahometan_n have_v prevail_v over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o know_a world_n and_o in_o a_o very_a few_o year_n after_o the_o first_o appearance_n of_o that_o false_a prophet_n establish_v its_o jurisdiction_n in_o tadmur_n where_o it_o prevail_v to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1._o elmacin_n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o 623._o the_o second_o of_o the_o hegira_n chosroes_n the_o second_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n command_v all_o the_o church_n in_o syria_n and_o mesopotamia_n to_o be_v destroy_v carry_v away_o with_o he_o all_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n with_o all_o the_o ornament_n of_o those_o holy_a place_n even_o to_o the_o very_a marble_n into_o his_o own_o country_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o tadmur_n be_v not_o exempt_a from_o this_o dreadful_a persecution_n but_o whatever_o its_o fate_n be_v under_o chosroes_n it_o be_v unquestionable_a that_o a_o few_o year_n afterward_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o mahometan_n who_o anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 638_o hegirae_fw-la 16_o have_v take_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o persian_n and_o rout_v izdigerde_n their_o last_o king_n and_o seize_v his_o empire_n the_o constantinopolitan_a prince_n not_o concern_v themselves_o as_o they_o ought_v to_o prevent_v these_o sudden_a and_o large_a conquest_n may_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v make_v palmyra_n their_o own_o after_o which_o time_n i_o believe_v the_o fortification_n be_v permit_v to_o run_v to_o decay_v it_o be_v no_o long_o a_o frontier_n since_o persia_n be_v in_o their_o hand_n on_o one_o side_n of_o it_o and_o arabia_n on_o the_o other_o and_o then_o also_o i_o conjecture_v it_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o mart_n the_o mahometan_n be_v in_o constant_a hostility_n with_o the_o christian_n so_o that_o the_o caravan_n not_o be_v able_a to_o travel_v safe_o the_o trade_n with_o the_o persian_a gulf_n be_v divert_v and_o lose_v of_o which_o beneficial_a commerce_n the_o city_n be_v deprive_v and_o situate_v in_o a_o desert_a country_n soon_o fall_v into_o poverty_n and_o ruin_n in_o the_o year_n 659_o the_o 39th_o 5._o elmac._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o of_o the_o mahometan_a computation_n when_o muavias_n the_o son_n of_o abusofianus_n with_o his_o army_n of_o syrian_n march_v against_o alis_fw-la the_o five_o of_o mahomet_n successor_n he_o send_v dahacus_n with_o 3000_o man_n to_o plunder_v iraca_n after_o which_o they_o fall_v into_o the_o province_n of_o higiaza_n and_o have_v murder_v all_o the_o arab_n they_o meet_v with_o load_v themselves_o with_o their_o spoil_n whereupon_o alis_fw-la send_v against_o he_o his_o general_n hagjar_v the_o son_n of_o adis_n with_o 4000_o man_n who_o folfow_v they_o as_o far_o as_o tadmur_v within_o the_o district_n of_o emesa_n for_o so_o it_o be_v reckon_v at_o that_o time_n where_o they_o have_v a_o sharp_a engagement_n in_o which_o dahacus_n be_v rout_v and_o by_o this_o it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o tadmur_n come_v very_o early_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o successor_n of_o mahomet_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 746_o 21._o id._n l._n 1._o c._n 21._o of_o the_o hegira_n 127_o the_o people_n of_o emesa_n at_o that_o time_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o country_n rebel_v against_o merwan_n the_o caliph_n who_o come_v against_o the_o town_n with_o a_o strong_a force_n and_o besiege_v it_o whereupon_o the_o inhabitant_n supplicate_v his_o pardon_n promise_v obedience_n and_o open_v their_o gate_n but_o when_o the_o caliph_n have_v enter_v the_o city_n in_o the_o head_n of_o 300_o man_n the_o citizen_n betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o arm_n and_o slay_v all_o the_o soldier_n merwan_n himself_o hardly_o escape_v through_o the_o gate_n that_o lead_v to_o tadmur_v the_o old_a roman_a road_n lie_v from_o emesa_n to_o apamea_n and_o thence_o to_o palmyra_n but_o the_o direct_a road_n lay_v through_o the_o desert_n without_o touch_v at_o apamea_n and_o when_o suleiman_n the_o son_n of_o hisjam_n be_v create_v caliph_n in_o opposition_n to_o merwan_n by_o the_o man_n of_o basra_n be_v overthrow_v in_o battle_n he_o retire_v first_o to_o emesa_n which_o he_o fortify_v but_o be_v a_o second_o time_n beat_v he_o flee_v to_o tadmur_v leave_v his_o brother_n saidus_n his_o lieutenant_n in_o emesa_n from_o which_o passage_n it_o appear_v to_o i_o credible_a that_o tadmur_n be_v then_o a_o place_n of_o little_a trade_n or_o interest_n but_o a_o sanctuary_n for_o the_o unfortunate_a for_o banditti_z and_o freebooter_n who_o flee_v thither_o and_o find_v a_o secure_a retreat_n be_v protect_v by_o the_o advantageous_a situation_n of_o the_o town_n which_o for_o several_a day_n journey_n be_v on_o every_o side_n surround_v with_o wild_a and_o uninhabited_a solitude_n and_o if_o i_o may_v be_v allow_v a_o bold_a conjecture_n how_o the_o river_n that_o run_v by_o palmyra_n in_o ptolemy_n time_n and_o which_o marius_n niger_n say_v empty_v itself_o into_o the_o euphrates_n happen_v so_o to_o be_v lose_v that_o now_o there_o remain_v no_o footstep_n of_o it_o i_o will_v affirm_v 11._o elmacin_n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o that_o it_o be_v bury_v in_o that_o terrible_a earthquake_n that_o happen_v in_o those_o country_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 859_o of_o the_o hegira_n 245_o which_o ruine_v many_o a_o noble_a city_n throw_v down_o the_o palace_n at_o bagdat_n do_v great_a damage_n to_o carrae_n emesa_n damascus_n edessa_n laodicea_n and_o all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o syria_n for_o at_o this_o time_n the_o arabic_a historian_n aver_v that_o a_o river_n vanish_v nor_o be_v it_o unusual_a in_o such_o most_o violent_a concussion_n be_v swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n that_o no_o man_n ever_o can_v discover_v what_o new_a channel_n it_o have_v find_v under_o ground_n at_o this_o time_n it_o be_v high_o probable_a tadmur_n do_v not_o escape_v when_o all_o the_o neighbour_a city_n be_v harass_v and_o then_o the_o river_n may_v be_v absorb_v nor_o do_v justinian_n bring_v water_n to_o tadmur_v for_o the_o service_n of_o his_o garrison_n contradict_v this_o opinion_n because_o a_o river_n may_v be_v for_o other_o use_n and_o yet_o not_o fit_a for_o drink_v many_o other_o of_o the_o spring_n in_o those_o country_n be_v brackish_a and_o sulphurous_a about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1172_o 58._o itiner_n p._n 57_o 58._o benjamin_n tudelensis_n the_o jew_n among_o other_o part_n of_o the_o east_n which_o he_o visit_v in_o his_o travel_n touch_v at_o tadmur_n and_o he_o inform_v we_o though_o he_o be_v mistake_v in_o the_o exact_a distance_n of_o place_n that_o from_o baalbeck_n or_o baalath_n build_v by_o solomon_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o libanus_n to_o tadmur_v in_o the_o desert_n be_v four_o day_n journey_n that_o solomon_n build_v it_o of_o large_a stone_n and_o fence_v it_o with_o a_o strong_a wall_n that_o it_o be_v build_v in_o a_o desert_n far_o from_o any_o inhabitant_n and_o that_o in_o his_o time_n there_o be_v in_o the_o city_n 2000_o stout_a jew_n who_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o christian_n and_o with_o the_o arab_n the_o subject_n of_o sultan_n noraldin_n but_o be_v ready_a to_o assist_v their_o neighbour_n the_o ishmaelite_n
name_n i_o have_v in_o the_o history_n affirm_v from_o the_o authority_n of_o censibus_fw-la of_o lib._n 1._o censibus_fw-la ulpian_n that_o caracalla_n make_v palmyra_n a_o colony_n juris_fw-la italici_n but_o if_o i_o may_v be_v allow_v a_o conjecture_n i_o can_v think_v that_o septimius_n severus_n make_v it_o a_o colony_n as_o he_o do_v several_a other_o city_n in_o that_o country_n rhesaina_n tyrus_n laodicea_n nisibis_n and_o singara_n which_o from_o his_o name_n be_v style_v in_o the_o coin_n septimia_n rhesaina_n colonia_n septimia_n tyrus_n septimia_n colonia_n laodicea_n septimia_n colonia_n nisibis_n or_o as_o it_o be_v always_o in_o the_o coin_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o that_o his_o son_n caracalla_n give_v it_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o italian_a city_n as_o ulpian_n affirm_v for_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o past_o all_o doubt_n from_o the_o frequent_a use_n of_o the_o name_n septimius_n and_o septimia_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o palmyra_n who_o give_v it_o as_o a_o praenomen_fw-la to_o the_o people_n of_o both_o sex_n of_o the_o best_a family_n and_o condition_n that_o the_o citizen_n of_o tadmur_n have_v a_o very_a reverend_a regard_n for_o the_o emperor_n septimius_n severus_n but_o we_o want_v coin_n to_o determine_v this_o question_n in_o a_o inscription_n about_o the_o year_n 296._o journal_n pag._n 99_o journal_n for_o i_o be_o willing_a to_o supply_v the_o date_n from_o the_o former_a inscription_n pag._n 98._o because_o they_o both_o treat_v of_o the_o same_o person_n tadmur_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o other_o colony_n say_v the_o editor_n a_o word_n that_o occur_v not_o in_o any_o author_n which_o be_v a_o very_a honourable_a appellation_n schol._n thucyd._n l._n 1._o §_o 25._o p._n 15._o ed._n ox._n cum_fw-la schol._n the_o colony_n be_v oblige_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o honour_v their_o mother_n city_n and_o to_o give_v it_o the_o preference_n the_o law_n have_v appoint_v but_o the_o word_n shall_v be_v divide_v into_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d palmyra_n be_v both_o a_o metropolis_n and_o a_o colony_n as_o be_v several_a other_o city_n in_o syria_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o coin_n colonia_n damascus_n metropolis_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d zephyrus_n metropolis_n colonia_n tyrus_n metropolis_n colonia_n now_o though_o to_o be_v a_o roman_a colony_n be_v a_o great_a honour_n and_o entitle_v the_o city_n to_o great_a privilege_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o it_o leave_v the_o city_n deprive_v of_o its_o former_a unlimited_a liberty_n for_o in_o time_n past_o it_o be_v govern_v by_o its_o own_o statute_n 52._o agel_n lib._n 16._o c._n 13._o harduin_n antirrhet_n p._n 37_o 52._o but_o when_o make_v a_o colony_n be_v under_o the_o roman_a jurisdiction_n pay_v submission_n to_o their_o law_n and_o tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n from_o which_o it_o be_v before_o exempt_a and_o if_o a_o frontier_n town_n as_o palmyra_n be_v it_o admit_v of_o a_o roman_a garrison_n the_o first_o legion_n of_o the_o illyrian_n be_v post_v there_o with_o the_o liberty_n reserve_v to_o the_o citizen_n that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v list_a as_o roman_n into_o their_o legion_n not_o as_o auxiliary_n in_o the_o ecclesiastic_a notitia_fw-la palmyra_n be_v at_o first_o a_o metropolitan_a as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n i._n e._n till_o its_o destruction_n by_o aurelian_a at_o the_o division_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o constantine_n the_o great_a it_o be_v a_o suffragan_n see_v under_o the_o archbishop_n of_o damascus_n who_o in_o the_o six_o act_n of_o the_o council_n hold_v at_o chalcedon_n thus_o subscribe_v for_o the_o bishop_n of_o his_o province_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n from_o whence_o also_o it_o appear_v that_o that_o church_n be_v orthodox_n in_o those_o day_n and_o that_o palmyra_n be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o suffragans_fw-la to_o that_o metropolitan_a but_o afterward_o it_o become_v subject_a to_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o edessa_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o notitia_fw-la of_o the_o emperor_n leo_n since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v no_o long_o a_o place_n in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a account_n christianity_n have_v be_v for_o some_o age_n total_o banish_v from_o palmyrene_n whether_o the_o merchant_n who_o travel_v from_o syria_n to_o seleucia_n 747._o strab._n lib._n 16._o p._n 747._o and_o babylon_n through_o the_o country_n of_o the_o arabe_n scenitae_n through_o the_o malii_fw-la and_o their_o desert_n and_o ferry_v over_o the_o euphrates_n near_o anthemusia_n in_o mesopotamia_n a_o city_n situate_a near_o the_o river_n aborrhas_n take_v palmyra_n in_o their_o way_n i_o can_v determine_v nor_o whether_o alexander_n the_o great_a march_v his_o army_n through_o or_o by_o that_o city_n when_o have_v leave_v egypt_n and_o past_a through_o phoenicia_n to_o thapsacus_n he_o carry_v his_o troop_n over_o the_o euphrates_n since_o none_o of_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o achievement_n of_o that_o miraculous_a prince_n take_v any_o notice_n of_o palmyra_n though_o it_o be_v to_o i_o unquestionable_a that_o palmyra_n submit_v to_o that_o irresistible_a conqueror_n as_o do_v many_o other_o city_n of_o who_o the_o historian_n make_v not_o any_o mention_n the_o situation_n of_o the_o city_n as_o to_o its_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n be_v different_o account_v for_o by_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o country_n the_o arab_n as_o the_o very_a learned_a dr._n hyde_n inform_v i_o ishmael_n abulfeda_a m.s._n geograph_n m.s._n the_o prince_n of_o hamah_n i_o e._n of_o that_o part_n of_o syria_n wherein_o tadmur_n be_v situate_a who_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o year_n 672._o of_o the_o mahometan_a aera_fw-la and_o constitute_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o country_n in_o the_o year_n 710._o of_o the_o same_o computation_n confess_v that_o his_o countryman_n who_o make_v it_o part_n of_o arabia_n be_v not_o agree_v three_o several_a author_n place_v it_o in_o different_a degree_n the_o first_o fix_v it_o in_o long._n 67.40_o lat._n 34.00_o the_o second_o in_o long._n 67._o 40._o lat._n 30.00_o the_o three_o in_o long._n 64.00_o lat._n 33.50_o but_o calcashendi_n 321._o tâ—n_n 1._o p._n 321._o another_o arabian_a author_n give_v this_o account_n out_o of_o other_o writer_n as_o the_o excellent_a master_n of_o the_o oriental_a language_n dr._n hyde_n translate_v he_o as_o for_o the_o territory_n of_o tadmur_n the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n al_n tarîph_n say_v it_o be_v situate_a between_o the_o two_o village_n and_o rahba_n and_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v in_o arabia_n in_o the_o four_o of_o the_o seven_o clime_n the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o longitude_n say_v its_o longitude_n be_v 62_o degree_n and_o its_o latitude_n 34_o degree_n the_o lord_n of_o hamath_n i_o e._n abulpheda_n say_v it_o belong_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o hem_n i._n e._n emesa_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o it_o and_o that_o most_o of_o its_o soil_n be_v saltish_a that_o in_o it_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o sour_a plant_n call_v nagjel_n and_o also_o olive_n there_o be_v likewise_o very_o great_a and_o ancient_a ruin_n consist_v of_o pillar_n and_o rock_n and_o a_o castle_n with_o a_o wall_n the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v all_o raud_n almîtar_n say_v that_o it_o be_v original_o a_o ancient_a city_n which_o the_o spirit_n build_v for_o solomon_n with_o extraordinary_a fortification_n it_o be_v call_v tadmur_n from_o tadmur_fw-la the_o daughter_n of_o hassân_n who_o sepulchre_n be_v there_o and_o solomon_n do_v inhabit_v it_o after_o she_o the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n al-azîzi_a say_v that_o between_o tadmur_n and_o damascus_n be_v 59_o mile_n between_o tadmur_n and_o rahba_fw-la 102_o miles_n the_o lord_n of_o hamath_n say_v it_o be_v from_o hem'_v about_o three_o station_n the_o only_a difference_n in_o the_o account_n be_v in_o this_o that_o the_o longitude_n of_o palmyra_n in_o word_n at_o length_n out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o longitude_n be_v 62._o which_o in_o abulpheda_n geography_n be_v 67._o where_o it_o be_v express_v in_o letter_n which_o must_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o carelessness_n of_o the_o transcriber_n i_o be_v a_o little_a surprise_v when_o read_v all_o edrisi_n common_o but_o wrong_o call_v the_o nubian_n geographer_n i_o find_v a_o tademyr_n in_o spain_n which_o comprehend_v the_o kingdom_n of_o murcia_n and_o tarragon_n and_o be_v incline_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o caliph_n send_v a_o colony_n from_o the_o syrian_a tadmur_n as_o well_o as_o from_o the_o other_o city_n of_o his_o vast_a dominion_n to_o people_n spain_n when_o he_o have_v conquer_v it_o who_o from_o their_o own_o native_a city_n give_v the_o name_n to_o that_o part_n of_o spain_n but_o my_o learned_a and_o much_o
syrian_a graver_n may_v spell_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o custom_n of_o bestow_v oil_n upon_o the_o citizen_n on_o solemn_a festival_n be_v well_o understand_v cestrania_n severina_n give_v a_o great_a sum_n to_o the_o college_n of_o the_o dendrophori_n 312.4_o grut._n 312.4_o that_o every_o year_n upon_o her_o birthday_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o oil_n may_v be_v distribute_v to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o and_o t._n fundilius_n geminus_n give_v 414.2_o id._n 414.2_o beside_o his_o bequest_n to_o the_o chest_n of_o the_o augustale_n and_o the_o magistrate_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o people_n a_o feast_n 136.5_o id._n 136.5_o and_o a_o largess_n of_o oil_n on_o his_o birthday_n and_o l._n caecilius_n bequeath_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o como_n every_o year_n on_o the_o feast_n of_o neptune_n oil_n for_o their_o gymnasia_fw-la and_o their_o bath_n and_o for_o the_o exercise_n in_o the_o public_a place_n of_o sport_n as_o i_o will_v rendert_fw-ge he_o word_n in_o campo_fw-it i_o have_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o many_o other_o eastern_a city_n be_v style_v in_o the_o coin_n though_o monsieur_n patin_n etc._n p._n 130._o etc._n etc._n in_o his_o edition_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o maurocenus_n retain_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o those_o of_o the_o city_n of_o emsea_n carrae_n and_o antioch_n city_n of_o the_o east_n not_o far_o from_o palmyra_n in_o all_o which_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n the_o word_n shall_v be_v render_v metropolis_n colonia_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d never_o appear_v in_o any_o lexicon_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v render_v by_o the_o critic_n conjunctio_fw-la in_o via_fw-la or_o iter_fw-la commune_v and_o septimius_n be_v magnify_v in_o the_o inscription_n for_o his_o defray_v the_o expense_n of_o the_o caravan_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o precedent_n of_o the_o merchant_n in_o a_o public_a meeting_n give_v he_o their_o testimonial_a according_a to_o custom_n 309.1_o grut._n 309.1_o so_o metrodorus_n the_o son_n of_o hermogenes_n the_o grandson_n of_o metrodorus_n be_v honour_v with_o a_o testimonial_a from_o the_o whole_a synod_n or_o college_n of_o priest_n of_o ceres_n and_o advance_v to_o the_o office_n of_o stephanephorus_n or_o the_o precedent_n of_o their_o country_n in_o holy_a thing_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o other_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d reward_v with_o the_o thanks_o of_o their_o public_a assembly_n 12._o inscript_n cossou_n n._n 12._o the_o merit_n of_o septimius_n be_v as_o illustrious_a as_o his_o country_n love_n towards_o he_o he_o have_v oblige_v their_o private_a society_n and_o be_v very_o magnificent_a to_o the_o whole_a city_n he_o have_v be_v a_o officer_n and_o behave_v himself_o with_o courage_n and_o reputation_n under_o his_o prince_n odaenathus_fw-la probable_o when_o he_o rout_v the_o persian_n and_o be_v that_o year_n when_o the_o monument_n be_v erect_v the_o symposiarch_n in_o the_o festival_n dedicate_v to_o jupiter_n belus_n their_o patron_n deity_n viz._n in_o the_o year_n 266._o after_o christ_n and_o of_o the_o empire_n of_o odaenathus_fw-la the_o â—_o â—_o 9_o i_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o consider_v the_o monument_n erect_v by_o private_a person_n to_o the_o memory_n of_o their_o friend_n the_o first_o of_o which_o contain_v the_o grateful_a remembrance_n which_o the_o palmyrene_n merchant_n trade_v to_o vologesias_n retain_v of_o the_o great_a service_n which_o julius_n aurelius_n zebeidas_n do_v they_o in_o that_o expedition_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ...._o which_o with_o leave_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o vacant_a space_n and_o to_o correct_v the_o mistake_v may_v thus_o be_v read_v and_o render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ...._o julium_n aurelium_n zebeidam_n mocimi_fw-la f._n zebeidae_n n._n perpetuum_fw-la commercii_fw-la curatorem_fw-la qui_fw-la cum_fw-la illo_fw-la descenderunt_fw-la ad_fw-la emporium_fw-la vologessiam_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la virum_fw-la iis_fw-la gratissimum_fw-la cultûs_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la mensae_fw-la martio_n anno_fw-la 558._o h._n e._n christi_fw-la 246._o philippi_n arabis_n imp._n 2o._o that_o palmyra_n be_v a_o city_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n eminent_a merchant_n have_v be_v already_o prove_v from_o appian_n and_o pliny_n as_o also_o that_o their_o commerce_n be_v maintain_v both_o with_o persia_n and_o the_o western_a empire_n which_o also_o be_v do_v by_o other_o frontier_n city_n though_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o roman_a prince_n as_o by_o nisibis_n and_o edessa_n of_o who_o the_o old_a geographer_n say_v that_o they_o be_v people_v with_o man_n of_o condition_n excellent_o skilled_a in_o all_o the_o method_n of_o trade_n 10_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d §._o 16._o p._n 10_o great_a navigator_n very_o rich_a and_o master_n of_o all_o worldly_a plenty_n that_o what_o they_o buy_v of_o the_o persian_n they_o sell_v to_o the_o roman_n deal_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n but_o contraband_n good_n brass_n and_o iron_n which_o they_o be_v forbid_v to_o sell_v to_o the_o enemy_n of_o persia_n which_o character_n seem_v exact_o suit_v to_o the_o palmyrene_n merchant_n for_o that_o they_o trade_v to_o vologesias_n a_o city_n under_o the_o persian_a jurisdiction_n be_v plain_a from_o the_o inscription_n in_o which_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v neither_o the_o town_n of_o olgassus_n nor_o the_o name_n of_o a_o man_n but_o of_o a_o famous_a city_n on_o the_o euphrates_n not_o far_o from_o its_o confluence_n with_o the_o tigris_n babylon_n say_v 71â…”_n say_v nat._n hist_o l._n 6._o §._o 30._o p._n 71â…”_n pliny_n be_v once_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o eastern_a empire_n and_o the_o great_a mart_n of_o trade_n but_o it_o fall_v into_o decay_n when_o seleucus_n nicator_n build_v seleucia_n where_o the_o two_o river_n meet_v situate_v in_o a_o most_o fruitful_a soil_n and_o common_o call_v babylon_n to_o eclipse_v the_o glory_n and_o lower_v the_o trade_n of_o seleucia_n the_o parthian_n after_o they_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o east_n build_v ctesiphon_n three_o mile_n from_o seleucia_n on_o the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o tigris_n and_o there_o sixth_o the_o residence_n of_o their_o king_n but_o this_o project_n not_o answer_v expectation_n king_n vologeses_n who_o in_o a_o coin_n in_o the_o cabinet_n of_o pope_n alexander_n the_o seven_o be_v style_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o all_o his_o lofty_a title_n according_a to_o the_o rhodomontade_fw-la of_o the_o parthian_a and_o persian_a king_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o which_o epithet_n in_o another_o coin_n in_o monsieur_n patin_n be_v add_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v contemporary_a with_o nero_n and_o vespasian_n build_v another_o city_n which_o from_o his_o own_o name_n he_o call_v vologesocerta_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n 18_o mile_n distant_a say_v the_o peutinger_n table_n but_o to_o the_o south_n of_o babylon_n and_o there_o probable_o fix_v the_o staple_n of_o trade_n from_o the_o persian_a gulf_n and_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o east_n this_o city_n be_v call_v by_o stephanus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o ptolomee_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d volocessia_n in_o the_o peutinger_n table_n and_o vologessia_n by_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n but_o by_o pliny_n according_a to_o the_o persic_a termination_n vologesocerta_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v hesychius_n to_o prove_v which_o assertion_n there_o be_v a_o eminent_a passage_n in_o pliny_n 66¾_n n._n h._n l._n 6._o §._o 10._o p._n 66¾_n that_o among_o the_o city_n of_o armenia_n the_o less_o armosate_n be_v situate_a near_o the_o euphrates_n carcathiocerta_n near_o the_o tigris_n which_o 527._o which_o lib._n 11._o p._n 527._o strabo_n affirm_v be_v the_o royal_a city_n of_o sophene_n but_o on_o the_o mountain_n tigranocerta_n stand_v and_o for_o artasigarta_n which_o ptolemee_n 13._o ptolemee_n l._n 5._o c._n 13._o place_n in_o armenia_n the_o great_a i_o will_v read_v artaxicerta_n zadracarta_n be_v also_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o hyrcania_n say_v 71._o say_v lib._n 3._o the_o exp_v alex._n p._n 71._o arrian_n and_o i_o can_v but_o remark_n that_o this_o word_n either_o in_o termination_n or_o prefix_v in_o almost_o all_o language_n signify_v a_o city_n in_o hebrew_a kiriath-arba_n be_v the_o city_n of_o arba_n kiriath-seph_a be_v the_o city_n of_o book_n in_o the_o punic_a carthage_n be_v the_o new_a city_n in_o the_o scythian_a carpaluk_n the_o city_n of_o fish_n say_v tzetzes_n 224._o chil._n 8._o c._n 224._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o our_o own_o british_a cair-lundein_a london_n cair-kent_n canterbury_n cair-went_a winchester_n etc._n etc._n and_o probable_o among_o the_o egyptian_n gran-cair_a have_v its_o name_n from_o this_o original_a or_o all_o cahira_n as_o the_o arabian_n call_v it_o to_o this_o city_n vologesia_n the_o merchant_n of_o palmyra_n trade_v not_o long_o after_o it_o be_v make_v a_o mart_n
shipwright_n etc._n etc._n sometime_o whole_a city_n and_o region_n and_o the_o title_n and_o office_n be_v very_o honourable_a c._n torasius_n be_v by_o the_o unanimous_a suffrage_n of_o the_o magistrate_n choose_v the_o patron_n of_o a_o town_n by_o the_o river_n clitumnus_n ob_fw-la merita_fw-la ejus_fw-la erga_fw-la remp._n for_o his_o great_a service_n do_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n this_o patronage_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o even_o the_o roman_n themselves_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o odenathus_n in_o the_o east_n in_o who_o time_n the_o inscription_n be_v make_v shall_v court_v as_o julius_n palm_n do_v i_o call_v he_o palm_n because_o it_o be_v a_o know_a roman_a name_n and_o perhaps_o melenaeus_n shall_v be_v write_v mellinius_n or_o menelaus_n for_o which_o reason_n i_o have_v insert_v publius_n for_o puilsus_n he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o the_o equestrian_a dignity_n which_o entitle_v he_o at_o rome_n to_o eminent_a privilege_n which_o i_o shall_v not_o minutely_o enumerate_v only_o mention_v that_o the_o roman_a knight_n install_v the_o princeps_fw-la juventutis_fw-la present_v he_o with_o a_o horseman_n shield_n parma_n and_o a_o silver_n spear_n for_o so_o say_v the_o ancyran_n marble_n as_o gronovius_n judicious_o have_v supply_v the_o erase_v letter_n 60.84_o marm._n ancyr_n p._n 60.84_o equites_fw-la autem_fw-la romani_fw-la universi_fw-la principem_fw-la juventutis_fw-la romanorum_fw-la parmis_fw-la utrumque_fw-la &_o hastis_fw-la argenteis_fw-la donatum_fw-la appellaverunt_fw-la for_o that_o both_o caius_n and_o lucius_n be_v principes_fw-la juventutis_fw-la the_o coin_n put_v out_o of_o all_o doubt_n and_o that_o whenever_o a_o native_a of_o any_o of_o the_o romon_n colonies_n be_v admit_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v make_v a_o roman_a knight_n he_o reckon_v the_o privilege_n among_o his_o noble_a title_n 141._o grut._n 388.4.400.3_o marm._n cos_n son_n p._n 141._o so_o l._n claudius_n the_o chief_a person_n of_o the_o island_n of_o malta_n glory_n in_o the_o honour_n as_o do_v fl._n aelianus_n or_o ti._n flavius_n taeanus_n as_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o marble_n of_o cosson_n though_o the_o highpriest_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n of_o galatia_n and_o galatarche_n the_o second_o founder_n of_o his_o native_a city_n ancyra_n and_o their_o ambassador_n to_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n 12._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d septimium_fw-la airanem_fw-la odaenathi_o filium_fw-la senatorem_fw-la eminentissimum_fw-la i_o have_v already_o prove_v it_o not_o unlikely_a that_o this_o airanes_n be_v the_o son_n of_o the_o emperor_n odaenathus_fw-la before_o he_o assume_v the_o purple_a from_o his_o name_n septimius_n the_o name_n of_o his_o father_n be_v also_o insert_v and_o from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o follow_a inscription_n on_o the_o same_o pillar_n viz._n ann_n christi_fw-la 251._o but_o 13_o year_n before_o odaenathus_fw-la be_v choose_v by_o gallienus_n his_o copartner_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o world_n 13._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d aurelius_n valerius_n heliodorus_n praefectus_fw-la legionis_fw-la illyriciorum_fw-la in_o honorem_fw-la patrum_fw-la &_o gratulationis_fw-la ergô_o anno_fw-la 363._o h._n e._n chr._n 251._o decii_n ult_n i_o have_v give_v the_o name_n valerius_n to_o heliodorus_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o vacancy_n because_o it_o occur_v elsewhere_o l._n p._n valerius_n heliodorus_n and_o because_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o appear_v before_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seem_v to_o be_v last_o letter_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o like_a vacancy_n occur_v in_o the_o same_o name_n in_o another_o inscription_n this_o heliodorus_n be_v i_o doubt_v not_o either_o the_o son_n of_o if_o not_o the_o same_o person_n with_o lucius_z aurelius_n heliodorus_n the_o son_n of_o antiochus_n a_o citizen_n of_o palmyra_n who_o in_o a_o inscription_n at_o rome_n publish_v by_o gruter_n but_o more_o accurate_o by_o tristan_n and_o spon_n erect_v a_o silver_n statue_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o all_o its_o ornament_n to_o aglibelus_n and_o malachbelus_n the_o god_n of_o his_o country_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o himself_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n in_o the_o year_n 547._o according_a to_o the_o computation_n of_o his_o country_n but_o in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 235._o being_n the_o last_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o alexander_n severus_n the_o inscription_n late_o find_v at_o palmyra_n bear_v date_n 16_o year_n after_o ann_n chr._n 251._o which_o be_v the_o last_o year_n of_o the_o emperor_n decius_n he_o be_v style_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o marble_n at_o rome_n tristan_n read_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d not_o because_o a_o inhabitant_n of_o palmyra_n which_o from_o their_o benefactor_n be_v call_v hadrianople_n for_o than_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v write_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o by_o mistake_n of_o the_o grave_a or_o transcriber_n for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o be_v one_o of_o the_o college_n of_o priest_n sodalis_fw-la hadrianalis_fw-la dedicate_v to_o the_o service_n of_o that_o emperor_n after_o the_o senate_n have_v deify_v he_o for_o that_o he_o be_v acknowledge_v a_o god_n at_o palmyra_n be_v plain_a from_o another_o inscription_n in_o which_o he_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o that_o city_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o heliodorus_n be_v one_o of_o his_o priest_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o priest_n of_o hadrian_n as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o temple_n build_v to_o his_o memory_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o play_v institute_v to_o his_o honour_n i_o call_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o same_o with_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o occur_v in_o another_o 101._o another_o rein_n cl_o vi_o n._n 101._o inscription_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d propraetore_fw-la and_o have_v give_v he_o the_o command_n of_o the_o illyrian_a legion_n because_o in_o aftertime_n and_o probable_o in_o the_o day_n of_o decius_n that_o legion_n be_v depute_v to_o lie_v in_o garrison_n at_o palmyra_n as_o say_v the_o notitia_fw-la of_o the_o oriental_a empire_n sub_n deuce_n phaenice_fw-la praefecturae_fw-la or_o as_o it_o be_v much_o better_a in_o the_o ms._n praefectus_fw-la legionis_fw-la primae_fw-la illyriciorum_fw-la palmyrae_n against_o my_o opinion_n that_o both_o the_o inscription_n concern_v the_o same_o person_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o but_o one_o objection_n that_o in_o the_o one_o marble_n he_o be_v call_v a_o priest_n in_o the_o other_o a_o soldier_n as_o if_o the_o office_n be_v incompatible_a but_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n be_v very_o easy_a since_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o those_o day_n for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n to_o put_v on_o the_o sacerdotal_a habit_n and_o the_o military_a as_o there_o have_v be_v in_o all_o the_o late_a age_n of_o the_o church_n martial_a bishop_n and_o priest_n to_o omit_v the_o emperor_n who_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n general_n of_o their_o own_o army_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n high-priest_n and_o to_o confine_v myself_o to_o the_o college_n of_o priest_n depute_v to_o the_o service_n of_o hadrian_n 9_o hadrian_n grut._n xlv_o 9_o lucius_n ragonius_n be_v a_o sodalis_fw-la hadrianalis_fw-la &_o legatus_fw-la legionis_fw-la 13._o geminae_n 2._o geminae_n ccccxii_fw-la 2._o septimius_n aper_n octavius_n be_v style_v sodalis_fw-la hadrianalis_fw-la and_o sevir_fw-fr turmae_fw-la secundae_fw-la equitum_fw-la romanorum_fw-la and_o 13._o and_o mxc._n 13._o m._n aelius_n aurelius_n cleo_n be_v call_v sodalis_fw-la hadrianalis_fw-la &_o tribunus_n militum_fw-la &_o laticlavus_n legionis_fw-la 12._o fulminatricis_fw-la to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v that_o marc_n antony_n to_o ingratiate_v himself_o with_o augustus_n as_o appian_n affirm_v become_v one_o of_o the_o priest_n of_o julius_n caesar_n and_o 4._o and_o dlxu._n 4._o lucius_n julius_n bonatus_fw-la be_v the_o highpriest_n of_o all_o the_o temple_n in_o asia_n and_o the_o general_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o lydian_n other_o instance_n of_o this_o kind_n frequent_o occur_v in_o the_o old_a inscription_n not_o be_v it_o a_o just_a argument_n against_o my_o emendation_n that_o heliodorus_n have_v many_o name_n it_o not_o be_v unusual_a for_o the_o same_o person_n to_o have_v 4_o or_o 5_o name_n e._n gr_n lucius_n livius_n sulpicius_n galba_n titus_n aelius_n adrianus_n antoninus_n p._n licinius_n pyaem_n priscus_n juventianus_n and_o among_o infinite_a other_o such_o example_n that_o in_o gruter_n come_v near_a the_o palmyrene_n 7._o dcviii_o 7._o l._n p._n valerio_n heliodoro_n tr._n leg._n 2._o adjutricis_fw-la l._n p._n valerius_n chilo_n filius_fw-la ejus_fw-la i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o there_o be_v a_o aurelius_n heliodorus_n a_o freedman_n of_o one_o of_o the_o caesar_n who_o gruter_n mention_n but_o of_o which_o of_o the_o caesar_n or_o whither_o the_o same_o heliodore_n with_o the_o palmyrenian_a i_o can_v determine_v 14._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d
say_v l._n 19_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n be_v as_o extravagant_a as_o those_o of_o a_o mother_n for_o a_o only_a son_n the_o epistle_n send_v from_o alexandria_n to_o give_v notice_n that_o osiris_n or_o adonis_n be_v find_v be_v mention_v say_v the_o father_n by_o the_o prophet_n isaiah_n 18.2_o wo_n to_o the_o land_n that_o send_v their_o ambassador_n by_o the_o sea_n in_o vessel_n of_o bulrush_n upon_o the_o water_n or_o as_o the_o septuagint_n more_o pertinent_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o mournful_a solemnity_n by_o the_o prophet_n ezekiel_n 8.14_o who_o among_o the_o abominable_a idolatry_n of_o the_o people_n of_o the_o jew_n mention_n the_o woman_n weep_v for_o thammûz_n cyril_n in_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ità _fw-la &_o procop._n in_o loc_n &_o theodorit_n in_o ezek._n 8._o hieron_n ib._n stephan_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d procop._n ubi_fw-la supr_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o from_o egypt_n the_o superstition_n spread_v itself_o over_o all_o the_o neighbour_a country_n over_o phoenicia_n syria_n and_o cyprus_n who_o challenge_v the_o mock_n deity_n for_o their_o own_o nor_o do_v the_o peculiar_a people_n of_o god_n the_o israelite_n escape_v the_o infection_n but_o they_o also_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o madness_n the_o old_a arabian_a zabii_n say_v ben_n maimon_n affirm_v that_o in_o that_o night_n in_o which_o thammùz_n be_v slay_v all_o the_o idol_n that_o be_v in_o the_o world_n meet_v at_o babylon_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n who_o relate_v to_o they_o what_o have_v befall_v thammûz_n whereupon_o the_o image_n weep_v and_o lament_v all_o night_n and_o the_o next_o morning_n every_o one_o of_o they_o fly_v back_o to_o his_o old_a station_n from_o whence_o say_v he_o come_v the_o custom_n of_o mourn_v early_o in_o the_o morning_n over_o thammûz_n in_o the_o month_n call_v by_o his_o name_n the_o month_n thammûz_n ses_fw-fr st._n hierome_n answer_v to_o our_o june_n and_o the_o jewish_a astronomer_n call_v the_o sun_n entrance_n into_o cancer_n thekupha_n thammuz_o the_o revolution_n or_o period_n of_o thammuz_n the_o whole_a feast_n be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o death_n of_o the_o mock_n god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o search_n after_o he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o findhim_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o festival_n have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o old_a calendar_n gruter_n 138_o 139._o in_o which_o we_o find_v isid_n aavigium_n not_o lavatio_fw-la as_o vrsinus_n read_v it_o but_o navigium_fw-la as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v read_v and_o in_o another_o month_n heurisis_n v._o macrob._n saturnal_a l._n 1._o c._n 21._o the_o whole_a have_v its_o mythological_a moral_a for_o by_o adonis_n osiris_n and_o thammuz_n be_v mean_v the_o sun_n who_o when_o the_o summer_n solstice_n be_v past_a move_v backward_o towards_o the_o south_n seem_v to_o have_v deprive_v the_o northern_a hemisphere_n of_o his_o presence_n and_o influence_n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o l._n 4._o c._n 14._o julius_n pollux_n say_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o phoenicia_n call_v adonis_n gingras_n probable_o from_o the_o name_n of_o a_o pipe_n make_v of_o the_o bone_n of_o a_o goose-leg_n which_o they_o use_v in_o his_o solemnity_n which_o make_v a_o very_a melancholy_n and_o sorrowful_a music_n and_o they_o have_v a_o dance_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o first_o inventor_n of_o husbandry_n who_o die_v in_o the_o summertime_n as_o he_o be_v hunt_v and_o who_o be_v honour_v yearly_o with_o a_o mournful_a song_n by_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o country_n who_o at_o that_o time_n use_v to_o sow_v their_o wheat_n and_o barley_n in_o the_o field_n near_o the_o city_n say_v the_o scholiast_n on_o therocritus_n accompany_v by_o as_o doleful_a instrumental_a music_n the_o custom_n still_o in_o use_n at_o aleppo_n of_o frequent_v the_o river_n at_o this_o festival_n i_o presume_v have_v its_o original_a also_o in_o egypt_n where_o the_o inhabitant_n pay_v a_o peculiar_a veneration_n to_o the_o water_n of_o nilus_n as_o st._n athanasius_n who_o be_v bear_v there_o affirm_v and_o lactantius_n add_v that_o they_o worship_v the_o river_n yearly_a because_o there_o isis_n begin_v her_o search_n of_o osiris_n that_o all_o this_o pomp_n be_v old_a than_o the_o jewish_a captivity_n the_o holy_a writ_n aver_v it_o last_v to_o the_o day_n of_o plutarch_n and_o the_o astronomer_n ptolomee_o who_o mention_v it_o as_o do_v almost_o all_o the_o old_a apologist_n for_o christianity_n julius_n pollux_n enumerate_v the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o mourn_a in_o the_o reign_n of_o commodus_n and_o lucian_n aver_v that_o he_o see_v one_o of_o those_o little_a ark_n that_o bring_v the_o letter_n from_o alexandria_n float_v into_o the_o harbour_n while_o he_o be_v at_o byblus_n the_o practice_n continue_v in_o egypt_n when_o cyril_n be_v patriarch_n there_o about_o the_o year_n 440_o after_o christ_n and_o in_o phoenicia_n in_o the_o time_n of_o procopius_n of_o gaza_n who_o live_v above_o a_o 100_o year_n after_o cyril_n and_o to_o this_o day_n be_v in_o use_n at_o aleppo_n as_o my_o honour_a friend_n inform_v i_o and_o probable_o in_o some_o other_o city_n of_o that_o country_n i_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o make_v this_o digression_n which_o be_v not_o disagreeable_a to_o my_o subject_n and_o if_o the_o reader_n who_o i_o earnest_o desire_v to_o correct_v the_o errata_fw-la before_o he_o begin_v the_o book_n find_v any_o advantage_n by_o the_o undertake_n i_o shall_v not_o think_v my_o time_n ill_o employ_v the_o content_n of_o the_o several_a chapter_n in_o the_o history_n chap._n 1._o the_o building_n of_o tadmur_n by_o solomon_n page_n 3_o chap._n 2._o the_o situation_n product_v and_o inhabitant_n p._n 6._o chap._n 3._o the_o commerce_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o city_n p._n 11._o chap._n 4._o the_o civil_a government_n of_o the_o city_n from_o solmon_n be_v time_n p._n 16._o chap._n 5._o the_o religion_n and_o ecclesiastical_a government_n p._n 19_o chap._n 6._o it_o be_v several_a fortune_n from_o its_o foundation_n to_o alexander_n the_o great_a p._n 24._o chap._n 7._o it_o be_v state_n under_o the_o king_n of_o syria_n to_o augustus_n p._n 26._o chap._n 8._o it_o be_v condition_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o augustus_n to_o hadrian_n p._n 28._o chap._n 9_o the_o state_n of_o the_o city_n under_o hadrian_n p._n 33._o chap._n 10._o it_o be_v several_a fortune_n from_o hadrian_n to_o gallienus_n p._n 38._o chap._n 11._o the_o life_n and_o athievement_n of_o odenathus_n p._n 42._o chap._n 12._o the_o state_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n at_o that_o time_n with_o a_o continuation_n of_o the_o act_n of_o odenathus_n p._n 47._o chap._n 13._o the_o folly_n and_o stupidity_n of_o gallienus_n with_o the_o victory_n of_o odenathus_n over_o the_o persian_n p._n 53._o chap._n 14._o the_o victory_n of_o odenathus_n over_o quietus_n and_o balista_n p._n 60._o chap._n 15._o the_o murder_n of_o odenathus_n the_o short_a reign_n of_o maeonius_n with_o his_o character_n p._n 66._o chap._n 16._o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n valerian_n p._n 70._o chap._n 17._o the_o original_a and_o birth_n of_o zenobia_n p._n 76._o chap._n 18._o her_o learning_n magnificence_n and_o virtue_n p._n 80._o chap._n 19_o the_o religion_n of_o zenobia_n p._n 85._o chap._n 20._o her_o courage_n and_o bravery_n p._n 89._o chap._n 21._o her_o illustrious_a atchivement_n victory_n over_o heraclian_n and_o conquest_n of_o egypt_n p._n 94._o chap._n 22._o the_o reign_n of_o aurelian_a the_o battle_n of_o imma_n p._n 100_o chap._n 23._o the_o fatal_a battle_n of_o emesa_n the_o siege_n of_o palmyra_n p._n 105._o chap._n 24._o palmyra_n take_v zenobia_n make_v a_o prisoner_n p._n 111._o chap._n 25._o zenobia_n be_v minister_n slay_v and_o among_o they_o longinus_n p._n 115._o chap._n 26._o the_o rebellion_n of_o the_o palmyrenian_o the_o city_n destroy_v by_o aurelian_a p._n 117._o chap._n 27._o the_o history_n of_o firmius_n zenobia_n be_v confederate_a p._n 121._o chap._n 28._o the_o account_n of_o zenobia_n till_o aurelian_a be_v triumph_v p._n 124._o chap._n 29._o the_o triumph_n of_o aurelian_a over_o zenobia_n and_o tetricus_n p._n 127._o chap._n 30._o the_o history_n of_o zenobia_n after_o the_o triumph_n till_o her_o death_n with_o a_o account_n of_o her_o family_n p._n 133._o chap._n 31._o the_o murder_n of_o aurelian_a p._n 136._o chap._n 32._o the_o state_n of_o palmyra_n under_o dioclesian_n p._n 140._o chap._n 33._o the_o history_n of_o palmyra_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o honorius_n to_o justinian_n p._n 150._o chap._n 34._o the_o state_n of_o palmyra_n from_o justinian_n to_o the_o present_a age_n p._n 153._o in_o the_o appendix_n the_o inscription_n p._n 163._o chap._n 1._o of_o the_o name_n tadmur_n and_o palmyra_n p._n 175._o
palmyra_n say_v he_o undertake_v to_o persuade_v he_o to_o leave_n sicily_n and_o to_o travel_v into_o phoenicia_n other_o make_v it_o a_o part_n of_o arabia_n but_o it_o be_v common_o repute_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o other_o a_o part_n of_o syria_n as_o phoenicia_n be_v another_o part_n of_o that_o large_a country_n though_o zenobia_n in_o her_o letter_n abovementioned_a distinguish_v the_o palmyrenian_o from_o the_o syrian_n as_o 40._o as_o l._n 1._o p._n 40._o zosimus_n also_o do_v that_o it_o stand_v in_o a_o wilderness_n beside_o the_o holy_a writ_n and_o josephus_n paris_n josephus_n nat._n hist_o tom_fw-mi 1._o l._n 1._o §._o 21._o p._n 583._o ad_fw-la paris_n pliny_n who_o be_v contemporary_a with_o the_o jewish_a historian_n agree_v who_o thus_o describe_v it_o palmyra_n be_v a_o city_n eminent_a in_o its_o situation_n in_o the_o riches_n of_o its_o soil_n and_o its_o pleasant_a stream_n be_v surround_v on_o every_o side_n with_o a_o vast_a desert_n of_o sand_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n and_o do_v preseve_v its_o liberty_n in_o a_o private_a condition_n between_o the_o two_o mighty_a empire_n the_o roman_a and_o parthian_a and_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o war_n happen_v to_o break_v out_o it_o be_v equal_o their_o care_n to_o engage_v it_o on_o their_o side_n and_o in_o their_o interest_n it_o be_v distant_a from_o seleucia_n on_o the_o tigris_n 337_o mile_n from_o the_o neighbour_a shore_n of_o syria_n or_o the_o mediterranean_a 203_o and_o from_o damascus_n 176._o the_o same_o author_n in_o other_o place_n also_o mention_n the_o solitude_n of_o palmyra_n beyond_o which_o on_o one_o hand_n be_v stelendena_n a_o country_n not_o so_o much_o as_o name_v by_o other_o writer_n on_o the_o other_o side_n they_o reach_v home_o to_o emesa_n and_o to_o the_o westward_n as_o far_o as_o petra_n in_o arabia_n fellix_fw-la from_o whence_o to_o the_o persian_a gulf_n it_o be_v all_o desert_n it_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o euphrates_n a_o day_n be_v journey_n say_v sup_n say_v vbi_fw-la sup_n josephus_n not_o far_o from_o that_o noble_a river_n say_v 676._o say_v lib._n 5._o bell._n civ_o p._n 676._o appian_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o marc._n antony_n threaten_v the_o sack_n of_o the_o city_n the_o inhabitant_n immediate_o transport_v all_o their_o good_n beyond_o the_o river_n the_o bank_n of_o which_o they_o defend_v with_o their_o archer_n and_o so_o leave_v the_o town_n empty_a baffled_z the_o design_n and_o deceive_v the_o expectation_n of_o the_o roman_a troop_n but_o situate_v by_o a_o river_n that_o run_v by_o its_o wall_n who_o name_n ptolemy_n either_o know_v not_o or_o omit_v but_o other_o geographer_n call_v it_o palmyra_n etc._n domin_n marius_n niger_n maginus_fw-la etc._n etc._n affirm_v that_o it_o have_v its_o rise_n in_o the_o palmyrene_n mountain_n run_v through_o the_o country_n and_o at_o last_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o euphrates_n though_o now_o there_o be_v no_o footstep_n of_o its_o course_n leave_v nor_o be_v it_o a_o wonder_n that_o a_o small_a river_n shall_v be_v swallow_v up_o in_o a_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n of_o such_o vast_a quantity_n of_o sand._n when_o solomon_n build_v it_o he_o give_v it_o all_o the_o advantage_n of_o strength_n and_o security_n that_o the_o rule_n of_o fortification_n in_o that_o age_n allow_v of_o and_o it_o continue_v so_o as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v a_o frontier_n garrison_n fence_v with_o strong_a wall_n and_o a_o advantageous_a situation_n but_o better_o guard_v by_o a_o brave_a garrison_n the_o militia_n of_o palmyra_n be_v esteem_v very_o stout_a their_o archer_n be_v excellent_a marks-man_n say_v sup_n say_v vbi_fw-la sup_n appian_n and_o their_o horseman_n well_o arm_v with_o heavy_a armour_n and_o very_o secure_a the_o army_n of_o zenobia_n say_v the_o historian_n consist_v of_o ancher_n 44._o zosim_fw-la l._n 1._o p._n 44._o and_o horseman_n arm_v cap-a-pé_a who_o notwithstanding_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o arm_n be_v much_o better_a horseman_n than_o the_o roman_n and_o such_o a_o 237._o a_o zonar_n tom_fw-mi 2._o p._n 237._o value_n do_v they_o set_v upon_o their_o horse_n that_o no_o great_a affront_n or_o disgrace_n can_v be_v offer_v to_o a_o palmyrenian_a than_o to_o take_v his_o horse_n from_o he_o nor_o do_v the_o roman_n disdain_v their_o assistance_n for_o in_o their_o militia_n with_o the_o assyrian_n and_o moor_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o palmyrene_n and_o osroene_n be_v muster_v chap._n iii_o palmtra_fw-mi be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n and_o give_v it_o its_o name_n be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a antiquity_n and_o great_a trade_n rich_a say_v pliny_n in_o the_o fertility_n of_o its_o soil_n but_o much_o more_o so_o by_o its_o commerce_n for_o it_o have_v not_o only_o the_o advantage_n of_o its_o own_o commodity_n but_o be_v the_o thoroughfare_a of_o all_o the_o merchant_n that_o live_v beyond_o it_o towards_o the_o mediterranean_a who_o trade_v to_o forath_n and_o charax_n and_o other_o port_n on_o the_o persian_a gulf_n if_o i_o right_o understand_v 722._o understand_v nat._n hist_o l._n 6._o §._o 32._o p._n 722._o pliny_n who_o say_v that_o at_o petra_n in_o arabia_n the_o two_o way_n meet_v both_o of_o those_o who_o come_v through_o palmyra_n probable_o from_o antioch_n seleucia_n in_o pisidia_n laodicea_n and_o other_o conterminous_a place_n and_o of_o those_o also_o who_o come_v from_o gaza_n travel_v towards_o the_o gulf_n it_o be_v impossible_a but_o the_o caravan_n who_o make_v that_o their_o constant_a road_n both_o to_o and_o from_o persia_n must_v help_v to_o enrich_v the_o stage_n where_o they_o bait_v but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o its_o happiness_n its_o inhabitant_n be_v great_a merchant_n say_v sup_n say_v vbi_fw-la sup_n appian_n and_o marc._n antony_n think_v the_o plunder_n of_o this_o city_n a_o sufficient_a recompense_n for_o all_o the_o fatigue_n and_o hardship_n which_o his_o horse_n endure_v in_o that_o country_n during_o the_o persian_a war_n though_o he_o fail_v of_o his_o attempt_n they_o have_v form_v themselves_o into_o a_o company_n under_o a_o precedent_n and_o governor_n of_o their_o own_o a_o east-india_n trade_n can_v well_o be_v carry_v on_o by_o a_o single_a person_n though_o he_o be_v one_o of_o the_o merchant_n of_o tyre_n who_o be_v companion_n of_o prince_n for_o i_o find_v in_o one_o of_o the_o inscription_n 99_o pag._n 99_o that_o septimius_n orodes_n be_v honour_v with_o a_o illustrious_a testimonial_a from_o 〈◊〉_d from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o word_n that_o appear_v in_o no_o author_n that_o i_o know_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d like_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etym._n m._n p._n 474._o or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d id._n ib._n those_o governor_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o trade_n be_v call_v at_o athens_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etym._n m._n &_o harpocrat_n v._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d their_o number_n say_v aristotle_n be_v ten_o their_o business_n to_o oversee_a the_o port_n and_o to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o corn_n that_o be_v bring_v thither_o for_o which_o purpose_n they_o have_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o it_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o most_o honourable_a benefaction_n to_o build_v such_o a_o granary_n philostrat_v vit._n polemon_n smyrnae_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o precedent_n or_o chief_n of_o the_o merchant_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o carry_v the_o manufacture_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o asia_n down_o the_o euphrates_n to_o balsora_n or_o perhaps_o no_o far_o than_o vologesia_n append_v vid._n append_v and_o bring_v from_o persia_n the_o merchandize_n of_o india_n and_o arabia_n and_o so_o furnish_v the_o roman_n with_o spice_n and_o silk_n and_o other_o rich_a good_n for_o though_o they_o be_v say_v to_o lie_v far_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o without_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o river_n which_o must_v be_v retract_v since_o it_o ancient_o have_v the_o assistance_n of_o a_o river_n though_o it_o be_v since_o lose_v in_o the_o sand_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v they_o be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o euphrates_n a_o noble_a and_o navigable_a river_n and_o have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o camel_n and_o dromedary_n by_o which_o sort_n of_o carriage_n all_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o east_n be_v former_o bring_v into_o europe_n by_o caravan_n before_o the_o cape_n of_o good-hope_a be_v discover_v but_o palmyra_n have_v its_o own_o product_n salt_n with_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n now_o drive_v a_o trade_n and_o date_n the_o fruit_n of_o their_o palm-tree_n which_o be_v not_o only_o great_a delicacy_n at_o rome_n and_o elsewhere_o 4._o plut._n sympos_fw-la 8._o qu._n 4._o for_o nicolaus_n damascenus_n think_v the_o date_n of_o syria_n a_o fit_a present_n for_o augustus_n and_o phoenicia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o grave_v
old_a all_o of_o palmyra_n who_o by_o divers_a torment_n obtain_v the_o crown_n of_o martyrdom_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o these_o brave_a woman_n in_o the_o old_a roman_a martyrology_n as_o rosweyd_a account_n it_o nor_o in_o ado_n of_o vienna_n but_o the_o act_n of_o st._n febronia_n who_o suffer_v under_o dioclesian_n at_o sibapolis_n perhaps_o scythopolis_n 25._o v._o mart._n jun._n 25._o or_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o syria_n mention_v they_o as_o person_n who_o suffer_v in_o the_o same_o cruel_a persecution_n it_o be_v plain_a from_o the_o inscription_n find_v at_o tadhmur_n that_o dioclesian_n have_v be_v in_o that_o country_n and_o from_o the_o church-historian_n that_o he_o raise_v a_o violent_a persecution_n in_o syria_n and_o that_o which_o give_v rise_v to_o it_o be_v in_o all_o likelihood_n that_o which_o eusebius_n observe_v that_o a_o little_a while_n after_o the_o christian_n of_o nicodemia_n have_v feel_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o emperor_n several_a confederacy_n be_v form_v in_o melitene_n and_o other_o part_n of_o syria_n to_o seize_v the_o empire_n and_o to_o dethrone_v dioclesian_n now_o in_o every_o insurrection_n or_o tumult_n the_o christian_n be_v sure_a to_o suffer_v as_o the_o author_n of_o sedition_n though_o they_o be_v the_o most_o peaceable_a and_o loyal_a man_n in_o the_o world_n both_o by_o principle_n and_o practice_n thus_o christianity_n subsist_v in_o those_o day_n of_o persecution_n when_o the_o number_n of_o martyr_n increase_v the_o number_n of_o confessor_n but_o than_o peace_n and_o plenty_n be_v by_o the_o bounty_n of_o the_o great_a constantine_n and_o his_o successor_n make_v the_o church_n patrimony_n i_o question_v not_o but_o the_o follower_n of_o our_o bless_a saviour_n at_o palmyra_n have_v their_o share_n of_o the_o prosperity_n which_o their_o brethren_n enjoy_v till_o the_o viciousness_n of_o the_o christian_a moral_n and_o the_o execrable_a opinion_n and_o heresy_n that_o debauch_v the_o faith_n of_o the_o oriental_n subject_v those_o once_o famous_a church_n to_o the_o mahometan_a yoke_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o syria_n submit_v to_o the_o power_n and_o acknowledge_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o successor_n of_o that_o false_a prophet_n i_o presume_v palmyra_n be_v by_o degree_n reduce_v to_o the_o mean_a condition_n in_o which_o it_o now_o be_v for_o perhaps_o no_o one_o city_n have_v run_v so_o many_o risk_n of_o different_a fortune_n as_o palmyra_n though_o it_o have_v hitherto_o preserve_v its_o ancient_a name_n and_o situation_n while_n of_o ctesiphon_n and_o persepolis_n niniveh_n and_o babylon_n with_o many_o other_o city_n in_o that_o part_n of_o asia_n it_o may_v be_v aver_v what_o the_o psalmist_n say_v of_o sodom_n and_o the_o other_o city_n which_o god_n destroy_v their_o memorial_n be_v perish_v with_o they_o chap._n vi_o it_o be_v a_o very_a difficult_a task_n to_o give_v a_o just_a and_o clear_a account_n of_o the_o several_a fate_n of_o ancient_a kingdom_n and_o government_n especial_o when_o nature_n have_v seem_v to_o please_v itself_o by_o place_v they_o in_o a_o remote_a situation_n and_o at_o a_o distance_n both_o of_o place_n and_o communication_n from_o other_o nation_n and_o this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o tadhmur_n which_o be_v repair_v if_o not_o build_v by_o solomon_n a_o great_a a_o wise_a and_o a_o victorious_a prince_n who_o beautify_v it_o with_o whatever_o may_v afford_v it_o strength_n and_o ornament_n lose_v i_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o under_o his_o son_n rehoboam_n when_o through_o his_o folly_n and_o god_n just_a judgement_n the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o territory_n revolt_v from_o he_o i_o conjecture_v that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o kingdom_n of_o damascus_n keep_v up_o its_o grandeur_n so_o long_a palmyra_n be_v in_o peace_n either_o under_o those_o king_n or_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o its_o own_o senate_n 23.29_o 2_o king_n 23.29_o but_o when_o pharaoh_n necoh_n go_v up_o against_o the_o king_n of_o assyria_n to_o the_o river_n euphrates_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o syria_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o be_v for_o a_o while_o subject_a to_o he_o till_o nabuchadnezzar_n conquer_v all_o those_o country_n home_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o pelusium_n now_o damiata_n the_o 152._o the_o jo._n males_n par_fw-fr 2._o pag._n 152._o fabulous_a historian_n of_o antioch_n will_v have_v the_o world_n believe_v that_o when_o nabuchadnezzar_n intend_v to_o besiege_v jerusalem_n it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o jew_n who_o have_v man_v it_o with_o a_o very_a stout_a garrison_n and_o that_o victorious_a prince_n not_o think_v fit_a to_o leave_v a_o place_n so_o well_o fortify_v behind_o he_o sit_v down_o before_o it_o and_o when_o he_o have_v take_v it_o burn_v it_o and_o then_o besiege_v and_o take_v jerusalem_n after_o this_o it_o continue_v tributary_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o babylonish_n and_o persian_a empire_n though_o perhaps_o govern_v by_o a_o senate_n of_o its_o own_o citizen_n and_o in_o the_o same_o state_n it_o remain_v under_o the_o successor_n of_o the_o great_a alexander_n the_o king_n of_o syria_n be_v unite_v by_o seleucus_n i_o doubt_v not_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o territory_n whence_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o other_o city_n under_o his_o government_n it_o receive_v the_o use_n of_o the_o syrian_a epocha_n the_o aera_fw-la antiochena_fw-la dhilcarnain_n or_o seleucidarum_fw-la and_o the_o name_n of_o the_o macedonian_a month_n which_o the_o inscription_n undeniable_o prove_v chap._n vii_o syria_n say_v 676._o say_v bell._n civ_o l._n 5._o p._n 676._o appian_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o posterity_n of_o selencus_fw-la nicator_n to_o the_o day_n of_o antiochus_n pius_n and_o his_o son_n but_o when_o pompey_n the_o great_a conquer_v it_o and_o make_v it_o a_o province_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o roman_a precedent_n the_o first_o who_o bear_v that_o office_n be_v scaurus_n and_o after_o he_o though_o not_o immediate_o gabinius_n gabinius_n be_v succeed_v by_o crassus_n who_o be_v slay_v by_o the_o parthian_n leave_v his_o government_n to_o bibulus_n but_o whether_o in_o all_o this_o space_n of_o time_n while_o the_o roman_a eagle_n hover_v over_o the_o east_n palmyra_n be_v a_o sharer_n in_o in_o the_o common_a calamity_n and_o feel_v the_o talon_n of_o that_o bird_n of_o prey_n we_o have_v no_o account_n after_o the_o death_n of_o julius_n caesar_n every_o city_n submit_v to_o a_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o the_o parthian_n afford_v they_o their_o assistance_n have_v upon_o the_o invitation_n of_o those_o tyrant_n penetrate_v syria_n this_o incense_a marc_n antony_n who_o expel_v the_o usurper_n exact_v heavy_a tax_n from_o other_o city_n and_o attempt_v palmyra_n for_o when_o cleopatra_n who_o wait_v on_o he_o in_o cilicia_n be_v return_v home_o antony_n who_o have_v give_v himself_o up_o to_o her_o embrace_n and_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o honour_n obey_v all_o her_o dictate_v command_v his_o horse_n to_o plunder_n palmyra_n upon_o the_o light_n and_o trifle_a pretext_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o situation_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o parthian_n the_o palmyrenian_o be_v firm_a to_o neither_o interest_n but_o mind_v their_o own_o profit_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o merchandise_n but_o in_o truth_n that_o he_o may_v pay_v his_o soldier_n with_o the_o spoil_n of_o that_o wealthy_a city_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o palmyra_n be_v aware_a of_o the_o invasion_n carry_v all_o their_o rich_a movable_n to_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n the_o bank_n of_o which_o they_o line_v with_o their_o archer_n upon_o which_o antony_n troop_n find_v the_o city_n empty_a of_o inhabitant_n and_o of_o the_o riches_n they_o so_o eager_o covet_v have_v lose_v their_o labour_n return_v to_o their_o camp_n this_o invasion_n occasion_v the_o next_o parthian_a war_n many_o of_o the_o petty_a prince_n of_o syria_n fly_v for_o shelter_n to_o the_o parthian_n while_o marc_n antony_n have_v be_v so_o scandalous_o foil_v stay_v no_o long_o in_o syria_n to_o settle_v affair_n and_o quiet_a disturbance_n but_o hasten_v into_o egypt_n to_o attend_v cleopatra_n to_o who_o he_o have_v entire_o devote_v himself_o and_o his_o fortune_n chap._n viii_o in_o this_o state_n of_o freedom_n ease_n and_o plenty_n it_o continue_v under_o augustus_n and_o the_o succeed_a emperor_n govern_v by_o their_o own_o officer_n and_o law_n as_o pliny_n express_o averr_v till_o the_o reign_n of_o trajan_n when_o i_o conjecture_v it_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o common_a calamity_n with_o edessa_n nisibis_n traj_n dio_fw-mi cass_n traj_n and_o other_o frontier_n town_n of_o the_o east_n who_o fate_n it_o be_v common_o to_o be_v harass_v on_o both_o side_n for_o trajan_n have_v in_o his_o six_o consulate_v declare_a war_n against_o the_o armenian_n and_o parthian_n upon_o the_o
pretext_n that_o the_o king_n of_o armenia_n have_v receive_v his_o crown_n from_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n whereas_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v take_v it_o from_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n but_o in_o truth_n stimulate_v by_o his_o desire_n of_o vainglory_n make_v a_o expedition_n into_o the_o east_n reduce_v armenia_n and_o settle_v the_o government_n of_o that_o country_n take_v nisibis_n and_o batnae_n and_o be_v honour_v by_o the_o senate_n with_o the_o name_n of_o parthicus_n add_v to_o his_o other_o title_n after_o which_o he_o winter_v at_o antioch_n where_o he_o by_o a_o extraordinary_a providence_n and_o with_o much_o difficulty_n escape_v perish_v in_o that_o great_a earthquake_n which_o have_v almost_o ruine_v that_o noble_a city_n after_o this_o he_o return_v into_o the_o east_n past_o the_o euphrates_n subdue_v all_o adiabene_n arbela_n and_o gaugamela_n and_o come_v to_o babylon_n the_o parthian_n being_n unable_a to_o oppose_v he_o have_v be_v much_o weaken_a by_o their_o civil_a dissension_n then_o he_o pass_v the_o tigris_n and_o go_v to_o ctesiphon_n and_o thence_o pursue_v his_o conquest_n to_o the_o ocean_n where_o he_o declare_v that_o if_o he_o have_v be_v as_o young_a as_o alexander_n he_o will_v have_v follow_v the_o example_n of_o that_o illustrious_a prince_n and_o have_v sail_v into_o india_n but_o while_o he_o be_v thus_o amuse_v himself_o with_o his_o vain_a ambitious_a thought_n the_o province_n which_o he_o have_v subdue_v revolt_v and_o seize_v and_o murder_v the_o roman_a garrison_n whereupon_o trajan_n command_v lusius_n and_o maximus_n to_o chastise_v the_o rebel_n and_o to_o reduce_v the_o city_n to_o term_n of_o duty_n and_o obedience_n in_o this_o expedition_n maximus_n be_v slay_v in_o battle_n but_o lusius_n recover_v nisibis_n take_v edessa_n as_o he_o do_v also_o seleucia_n and_o other_o place_n by_o his_o lieutenant-general_n whereupon_o to_o prevent_v their_o future_a revolt_n trajan_n give_v the_o parthian_n a_o king_n and_o settle_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o east_n as_o aurelian_a as_o in_o aurelian_a vopiscus_n call_v that_o country_n because_o in_o respect_n of_o rome_n the_o sun_n seem_v to_o rise_v in_o parthia_n and_o this_o the_o coin_n confirm_v which_o mention_v the_o reduce_n of_o armenia_n and_o mesopotamia_n under_o the_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o this_o emperor_n reign_n at_o this_o time_n it_o be_v probable_a palmyra_n be_v much_o ruin_v for_o otherwise_o it_o will_v not_o have_v want_v the_o favourable_a assistance_n of_o trajan_n successor_n who_o may_v be_v just_o reckon_v their_o second_o founder_n hadrian_n be_v a_o magnificent_a prince_n and_o a_o great_a builder_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n call_v the_o wall-flower_n a_o great_a number_n of_o eminent_a edifice_n owe_v their_o be_v and_o beauty_n to_o his_o liberality_n he_o it_o be_v who_o build_v the_o fora_n at_o nicodemia_n and_o nice_n 598._o chron._n alex_n p._n 598._o the_o four_o highway_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n that_o look_v towards_o bythinia_n at_o cyzicum_n he_o build_v the_o temple_n and_o floar_v it_o with_o marble_n and_o in_o many_o other_o place_n he_o either_o erect_v new_a or_o repair_v the_o old_a building_n both_o sacred_a and_o civil_a and_o in_o almost_o every_o city_n of_o his_o vast_a empire_n he_o leave_v some_o mark_n of_o his_o magnificence_n hadrian_n magnificence_n hadrian_n dio_fw-mi cassius_n affirm_v that_o he_o generous_o assist_v all_o the_o town_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o his_o empire_n or_o confederate_a with_o it_o of_o which_o he_o visit_v more_o than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v employ_v in_o more_o than_o one_o progress_n through_o those_o spacious_a territory_n some_o city_n he_o adorn_v with_o aqueduct_n other_o with_o safe_a port_n upon_o some_o he_o bestow_v a_o donative_n of_o corn_n or_o public_a building_n upon_o other_o money_n or_o privilege_n 364._o privilege_n jo._n malel_n par_fw-fr 1._o pag._n 363_o 364._o at_o antioch_n he_o repair_v what_o have_v be_v destroy_v by_o that_o terrible_a and_o furious_a earthquake_n that_o in_o trajan_n time_n have_v almost_o bury_v that_o noble_a city_n in_o its_o own_o ruin_n as_o he_o do_v the_o temple_n at_o cyzicum_n which_o in_o his_o own_o reign_n have_v be_v destroy_v by_o another_o earthquake_n and_o make_v it_o one_o of_o the_o world_n wonder_n for_o architecture_n and_o beauty_n bestow_v great_a privilege_n upon_o the_o poor_a undo_v inhabitant_n which_o be_v the_o noble_a charity_n he_o also_o re-erect_v the_o colossus_n at_o rhodes_n which_o have_v be_v many_o year_n before_o throw_v down_o by_o a_o earthquake_n above_o all_o he_o be_v a_o great_a benefactor_n to_o the_o city_n of_o athens_n towards_o which_o he_o always_o express_v a_o peculiar_a regard_n as_o in_o requital_n they_o call_v he_o while_o alive_a adrianus_n olympius_n in_o their_o coin_n and_o inscription_n as_o he_o be_v in_o several_a other_o city_n after_o his_o death_n deify_v especial_o in_o syria_n for_o to_o speak_v the_o truth_n and_o to_o be_v do_v good_a be_v in_o the_o esteem_n even_o of_o the_o heathen_a world_n most_o godlike_a quality_n chap._n ix_o but_o the_o liberality_n of_o this_o munificent_a emperor_n be_v not_o confine_v to_o greece_n or_o the_o adjacent_a part_n of_o asia_n the_o remote_a city_n of_o syria_n who_o have_v suffer_v so_o deep_o during_o the_o war_n which_o trajan_n make_v in_o the_o east_n be_v not_o exclude_v from_o their_o share_n in_o his_o bounty_n for_o he_o have_v be_v a_o hadr._n a_o sparta_n hadr._n lieutenant-general_n in_o that_o expedition_n and_o have_v see_v the_o dismal_a effect_n of_o war_n and_o military_a rage_n and_o rapine_n and_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o trajan_n have_v make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o parthian_n envious_a of_o the_o glory_n of_o his_o predecessor_n say_v sextus_n rufus_n very_o malicious_o have_v remove_v the_o king_n who_o trajan_n have_v set_v over_o they_o and_o withdraw_v the_o roman_a army_n out_o of_o all_o the_o country_n beyond_o the_o euphrates_n and_o because_o he_o be_v not_o ambitious_a to_o have_v his_o name_n inscribe_v on_o all_o his_o public_a building_n as_o it_o be_v customary_a he_o give_v it_o to_o the_o city_n which_o he_o new_o build_v or_o beautify_v among_o who_o we_o must_v reckon_v palmyra_n vrb_n palmyra_n steph._n the_o vrb_n which_o after_o he_o have_v repair_v its_o ruin_n he_o call_v hadrianople_n and_o with_o the_o leave_n of_o father_n harduin_n perhaps_o the_o coin_n in_o the_o king_n of_o france_n treasury_n and_o in_o mounseur_fw-fr patin_n p._n 203._o with_o this_o incription_n αδÏιαν_fw-gr μητÏοÏολιϲ_n may_v be_v ascribe_v not_o to_o hadrianople_n in_o thrace_n nor_o that_o other_o city_n in_o cyrenaica_n of_o the_o same_o name_n but_o to_o palmyra_n which_o be_v a_o mother-city_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o 99_o the_o pag._n 99_o inscription_n and_o by_o ptolemy_n who_o not_o only_o reckon_v it_o among_o the_o metropoles_fw-la of_o coelesyria_n but_o make_v it_o the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o palmyrene_n which_o have_v its_o denomination_n from_o it_o and_o it_o be_v not_o unfit_o represent_v by_o a_o woman_n sit_v on_o a_o hill_n for_o tadmor_n be_v enclose_v on_o three_o side_n with_o long_a ridge_n of_o mountain_n the_o castle_n be_v build_v on_o one_o of_o they_o which_o command_v the_o entrance_n into_o the_o city_n and_o to_o this_o city_n i_o will_v ascribe_v the_o coin_n of_o caracalla_n in_o mounseur_fw-fr patin_n p._n 302._o with_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o archer_n almost_o naked_a on_o the_o reverse_n his_o thin_a habit_n imply_v the_o heat_n and_o his_o arm_n the_o militia_n of_o his_o country_n the_o sagittarii_fw-la of_o palmyrene_n be_v famous_a in_o history_n this_o city_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o adrian_n visit_v when_o in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o his_o empire_n he_o make_v his_o progress_n into_o the_o east_n and_o receive_v the_o homage_n of_o all_o the_o king_n and_o toparch_n who_o territory_n lay_v in_o those_o part_n and_o this_o his_o expedition_n i_o understand_v to_o be_v mean_v in_o the_o inscription_n in_o which_o expedition_n 105._o pag._n 105._o malech_n agrippa_n the_o son_n of_o jaraius_n be_v the_o second_o time_n the_o secretary_n of_o the_o city_n and_o when_o that_o prince_n happen_v to_o draw_v near_o his_o end_n and_o the_o palmyrenian_o be_v in_o fear_n of_o lose_v their_o patron_n their_o neighbour_n of_o the_o city_n tieve_v three_o day_n journey_n from_o tadmor_n towards_o the_o euphrates_n probable_o the_o oriza_n of_o ptolemy_n as_o the_o learned_a mr._n halley_n conjecture_n and_o a_o city_n of_o paelmyrene_n as_o ptolemy_n reckon_v it_o make_v their_o vow_n for_o his_o recovery_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o inscription_n 109._o pag._n 109._o for_o in_o the_o last_o year_n the_o nineteenth_o of_o his_o reign_n not_o the_o seven_o as_o
the_o aera_fw-la of_o seleucidae_n be_v mistake_v in_o the_o first_o account_n agathangelus_n of_o abila_n append_v vid._n append_v the_o decapolitan_a build_v a_o arch_n or_o cupola_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n and_o erect_v a_o bed_n of_o state_n or_o pulvinar_fw-la usual_o dedicate_v to_o the_o heathen_a deity_n to_o jupiter_n the_o thunderer_n for_o the_o health_n of_o the_o emperor_n adrian_n his_o lord_n who_o languish_v a_o long_a time_n before_o he_o die_v hadr._n sparta_n hadr._n and_o suffer_v such_o agony_n of_o pain_n that_o he_o will_v fain_o have_v persuade_v his_o servant_n who_o attend_v he_o to_o have_v run_v he_o through_o and_o when_o that_o persuasive_a will_v not_o prevail_v will_v either_o have_v stab_v or_o poison_v himself_o so_o difficult_a be_v it_o for_o this_o great_a emperor_n to_o breathe_v his_o last_o but_o when_o aurelius_n antoninus_n have_v prevail_v with_o the_o senate_n to_o have_v he_o deify_v and_o appoint_v he_o the_o honour_n proper_o give_v to_o the_o god_n with_o a_o college_n of_o priest_n and_z attendants_z to_o do_v the_o service_n of_o the_o temple_n erect_v to_o he_o at_o puteoli_n and_o elsewhere_o which_o society_n continue_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o 9_o of_o gruter_n ccccvii_n 1_o 2._o cioix_fw-fr 9_o septimius_n severus_n at_o rome_n but_o how_o long_o in_o the_o city_n of_o the_o east_n i_o know_v not_o and_o have_v institute_v public_a game_n in_o his_o name_n from_o which_o gratitude_n to_o his_o patron_n the_o historian_n say_v aurelius_n have_v the_o name_n of_o pius_n give_v he_o the_o city_n of_o the_o east_n in_o imitation_n of_o italy_n have_v their_o sodales_fw-la hadrianales_n also_o and_o temple_n questionless_a erect_v to_o his_o memory_n of_o which_o samosata_n be_v a_o undemiable_a instance_n where_o l._n sup_n grut._n ubi_fw-la sup_n fabius_n m._n f._n gal._n cilo_n praefect_n of_o the_o city_n be_v a_o fellow_n of_o the_o college_n of_o priest_n depute_v to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o deify_v emperor_n adrian_n particular_o palmyra_n who_o grateful_o commemorate_a she_o second_o founder_n allow_v of_o his_o consecration_n build_v he_o a_o temple_n and_o devote_v some_o of_o her_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o service_n thereof_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o inscription_n in_o gruter_n append_v vid._n append_v and_o by_o another_o among_o those_o late_o publish_v where_o he_o be_v call_v adrian_n the_o god_n and_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o the_o little_a temple_n mention_v in_o the_o journal_n 105._o pag._n 104_o 105._o be_v erect_v to_o his_o memory_n as_o well_o as_o to_o jupiter_n gruter_n such_o society_n be_v erect_v in_o most_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o one_o or_o other_o of_o their_o decease_a but_o deify_v prince_n call_v collegia_fw-la sacerdot_n alia_fw-la by_o lampridius_n in_o the_o life_n of_o commodus_n p._n 50._o and_o they_o have_v according_a to_o their_o rank_n and_o dignity_n their_o several_a vexilla_fw-la or_o banner_n to_o distinguish_v they_o call_v vexilla_fw-la collegiorum_fw-la &_o signa_fw-la templorum_fw-la by_o trebellius_n pollio_n in_o the_o life_n of_o gallienus_n p._n 178._o for_o as_o the_o heathen_a mock-deity_n have_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o their_o emperor_n when_o advance_v to_o that_o honour_n have_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o all_o the_o pomp_n and_o ceremony_n that_o accompany_v the_o service_n of_o their_o go_n vid._n gruter_n chap._n x._o the_o city_n have_v be_v repair_v we_o may_v just_o suppose_v that_o by_o the_o advantage_n of_o its_o situation_n and_o trade_n and_o the_o continuance_n of_o a_o long_a peace_n with_o the_o parthian_n not_o often_o interrupt_v except_o in_o the_o war_n which_o septimius_n severus_n make_v against_o they_o when_o he_o take_v both_o ctesiphon_n and_o babylon_n 4._o zosim_fw-la l._n 1._o p._n 4._o and_o reduce_v all_o arabia_n have_v maucht_v through_o that_o arabia_n where_o the_o scenitae_n pitch_v their_o tent_n in_o which_o country_n tadmur_v lay_v it_o arrive_v to_o its_o ancient_a glory_n when_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n caracalla_n honour_v it_o with_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o censib_n a_o ulpian_n l._n 1._o de_fw-fr censib_n roman_a colony_n juris_n italici_n for_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o colony_n all_o be_v not_o juris_n italici_n as_o palmyra_n be_v colonia_n palmyra_n it_o be_v style_v in_o the_o 151._o the_o goltz_n thes_n pag._n 151._o coin_n of_o that_o emperor_n a_o metropolis_n and_o a_o colony_n in_o the_o inscription_n probable_o in_o honour_n of_o his_o mother_n who_o he_o afterward_o make_v his_o wife_n julia_n domna_n who_o be_v of_o this_o country_n but_o whether_o of_o emisa_n as_o several_a author_n affirm_v or_o palnoyra_n or_o some_o three_o city_n i_o be_o not_o certain_a a_o native_a of_o syria_n we_o know_v she_o be_v for_o so_o say_v 65._o say_v spartian_a septim_fw-la p._n 65._o spartianus_n and_o oppian_n her_o contemporary_a call_v she_o the_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 4._o oppian_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d p._n 4._o assurian_a venus_n and_o a_o moon_n that_o be_v never_o eclipse_v or_o in_o her_o wain_n the_o same_o poet_n in_o the_o same_o place_n mention_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o parthian_n and_o the_o take_v of_o ctesiphon_n as_o the_o coin_n do_v mention_v the_o 295._o the_o mezob_n p._n 295._o victoria_n parthica_n of_o that_o prince_n as_o do_v also_o the_o historian_n in_o which_o expedition_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o palmyrenian_o in_o gratitude_n declare_v for_o his_o interest_n this_o honour_n and_o privilege_n of_o a_o roman_a colony_n palmyra_n keep_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o alexander_n severus_n for_o under_o he_o the_o great_a lawyer_n ulpian_n flourish_v and_o assist_v he_o with_o their_o force_n in_o his_o expedition_n into_o the_o east_n in_o the_o fisth_n year_n of_o his_o reign_n of_o which_o undertake_v 134._o undertake_v vit._n al._n severi_n pag._n 131_o 133_o 134._o lampridius_n give_v so_o augu_v a_o character_n though_o herodian_a upon_o this_o as_o upon_o all_o other_o occasion_n lesson_n and_o will_v obscure_v the_o achievement_n of_o that_o excellent_a prince_n in_o this_o expedition_n 97._o expedition_n journal_n p._n 97._o aurelius_n zenobius_n be_v as_o i_o conjecture_v the_o commander_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o republic_n of_o palmyra_n attend_v and_o be_v a_o unwearied_a assistant_n to_o rutilius_n crispinus_n the_o roman_a general_n append_v vid._n append_v and_o discharge_v the_o office_n of_o a_o man_n of_o conduct_n and_o courage_n against_o the_o persian_n and_o deserve_v the_o most_o ample_a testimonial_n of_o his_o bravery_n and_o prudence_n but_o palmyra_n never_o arrive_v to_o such_o a_o illustrious_a pitch_n of_o glory_n as_o it_o do_v under_o odenathus_n and_o his_o son_n who_o establish_v it_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o eastern_a empire_n and_o beautify_v and_o strengthen_v it_o according_o and_o for_o a_o few_o year_n it_o afford_v as_o remarkable_a transaction_n of_o war_n and_o state_n as_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n can_v boast_v of_o in_o so_o short_a a_o space_n of_o time_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v give_v myself_o the_o liberty_n to_o treat_v more_o large_o of_o these_o affair_n and_o to_o deduce_v the_o series_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o imperial_a family_n of_o palmyra_n as_o far_o as_o the_o ancient_n afford_v we_o light_n and_o shall_v leave_v the_o judicious_a reader_n to_o his_o choice_n what_o memoir_n he_o will_v give_v most_o credit_n to_o ϲεπτ_n ζηνοβια_n ϲεβ_n l_o ε_n imp_n c_o herodianus_fw-la aug_n salus_fw-la augusti_fw-la αυτ._fw-la κ._fw-la δομ._fw-la αυÏηλιανοϲ_n ϲεβ._n l_o β_n ουαβαμαθοϲ_n αθηνου_n αυτ._n εÏμιαϲ_n l_o ε_n ϲεπτιμια_n ζηνοβια_n ϲεβ_n l_o ε_n imp_n c_o aurelianus_n aug_n vabalathus_n vcrim_a dr_n αυτ._n κ.λ.δ._n αυÏηλιανοϲ_n ϲεβ._n l_o α_n ουαβαμαθοϲ_n αθηνου_n αυτ._n εÏμιαϲ_n l_o δ_n have_v take_v care_n in_o every_o paragraph_n to_o produce_v my_o voucher_n while_o i_o bemoan_v hearty_o the_o loss_n of_o vranius_n his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d arabic_a history_n in_o the_o second_o of_o which_o book_n he_o treat_v of_o palmyra_n as_o also_o of_o domninus_n of_o antioch_n who_o malela_n common_o follow_v and_o of_o philostratus_n of_o athens_n the_o historiographer_n who_o live_v under_o aurelian_a and_o write_v the_o transaction_n of_o his_o own_o time_n but_o particular_o i_o regret_n the_o want_n of_o that_o oration_n which_o longinus_n make_v in_o praise_n of_o odenathus_n and_o call_v by_o his_o name_n of_o which_o libanius_n make_v mention_n in_o his_o epistle_n which_o will_v questionless_a have_v give_v a_o more_o ample_a history_n of_o that_o illustrious_a prince_n than_o all_o the_o jejune_n narrative_n of_o the_o roman_a historian_n but_o since_o we_o must_v follow_v the_o light_n that_o be_v give_v we_o i_o shall_v first_o begin_v with_o odenathus_n then_o treat_v of_o zenobia_n and_o their_o child_n chap._n xi_o odenathus_n
this_o appendix_n such_o critical_a observation_n as_o i_o have_v make_v upon_o the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n and_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n with_o the_o honorary_a office_n which_o the_o man_n of_o eminence_n bear_v in_o the_o city_n to_o which_o i_o have_v add_v a_o account_n of_o their_o idolatry_n with_o a_o short_a separate_a history_n of_o vaballathus_n and_o longinus_n two_o great_a man_n of_o palmyra_n intend_v to_o conclude_v the_o dissertation_n with_o some_o remark_n upon_o the_o inscription_n find_v among_o the_o ruin_n of_o this_o once_o illustrious_a city_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o name_n tadmur_v and_o palmyra_n the_o precede_a history_n have_v give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o palmyra_n i_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n account_v for_o the_o name_n which_o be_v give_v it_o in_o the_o syriac_a language_n tadmur_n but_o in_o the_o greek_a palmyra_n say_v josephus_n and_o first_o of_o tadmur_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o hebrew_n 2_o chron._n 8.34_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o the_o septuagint_n or_o as_o the_o alexandrian_a copy_n much_o near_o to_o the_o original_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o f._n harduin_n therefore_o very_o inept_o in_o his_o note_n on_o pliny_n call_v it_o theudemer_n and_o josephus_n as_o inartificial_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o st._n hierom_n in_o ezek._n 47._o and_o he_o be_v follow_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr spon_n and_o other_o affirm_v that_o thamar_n in_o the_o prophet_n who_o be_v state_v the_o limit_n of_o judaea_n to_o the_o south_n be_v no_o other_o than_o tadmur_n hie_v verò_fw-la terminus_fw-la plagae_fw-la australis_fw-la h._n e._n meridianae_fw-la incipit_fw-la à _fw-la thamar_n quae_fw-la vrbs_fw-la in_o solitudine_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la &_o solomon_n miris_fw-la operibus_fw-la instruxit_fw-la &_o hodiè_fw-la palmyra_n nuncupatur_fw-la hebreóque_fw-la sermone_fw-la thamar_n dicitur_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o linguâ_fw-la nostrâ_fw-la palma_n sonat_fw-la and_o i_o be_v once_o enclinable_a to_o have_v correct_v the_o translation_n of_o the_o septuagint_n from_o the_o hebrew_n and_o instead_o of_o what_o we_o now_o read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o have_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o thamar_n the_o city_n of_o palm-tree_n or_o palmyra_n but_o i_o have_v since_o alter_v my_o opinion_n because_o thamar_n be_v express_o say_v to_o be_v the_o border_n of_o judaea_n to_o the_o south_n whereas_o palmyra_n lie_v near_o direct_o east_n from_o jerusalem_n and_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o st._n hierom_n be_v deceive_v by_o the_o like_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n tamar_n in_o hebrew_a not_o tadmur_n signify_v a_o palmtree_n while_o palmyra_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o be_v of_o a_o roman_a but_o greek_a original_a and_o if_o so_o can_v be_v derive_v from_o palma_n a_o pure_a latin_a word_n and_o that_o the_o septuagint_n read_v the_o text_n aright_o theman_n be_v towards_o the_o south_n of_o judaea_n theman_n say_v the_o targum_fw-la of_o jonathan_n i._n e._n jericho_n a_o town_n say_v eusebius_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la hebr._fw-la 15_o mile_n distant_a from_o petra_n in_o arabia_n and_o be_v in_o the_o old_a testament_n often_o put_v for_o the_o whole_a country_n south_n of_o judaea_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o septuagint_n be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o it_o as_o strabo_n l._n 16._o p._n 259._o affirm_v that_o petra_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o arabia_n nabataea_n that_o the_o country_n round_o it_o be_v desert_n especial_o towards_o judaea_n that_o it_o be_v situate_a three_o or_o four_o day_n journey_n from_o jericho_n and_o five_o from_o the_o palmetum_fw-la or_o city_n of_o palm-tree_n as_o i_o will_v render_v it_o i_o be_v also_o once_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o palmyra_n have_v its_o denomination_n from_o the_o palm-tree_n as_o st._n jerom_n say_v express_o though_o tadmur_n be_v not_o a_o word_n of_o that_o signification_n but_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v derive_v rather_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d imply_v its_o admirable_a and_o stupendous_a situation_n probable_o because_o a_o fertile_a spot_n of_o ground_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o vast_a desert_n but_o because_o josephus_n seem_v to_o determine_v it_o to_o be_v of_o greek_a original_a i_o can_v think_v it_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o egyptian_a deity_n for_o what_o have_v the_o god_n of_o egypt_n to_o do_v near_o the_o bank_n of_o euphrates_n nor_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o king_n or_o father_n but_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v a_o persian_a shield_n or_o parma_n as_o the_o latin_n render_v it_o hesych_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d glossar_n vet._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o the_o palmyrenian_o be_v near_o neighbour_n to_o the_o persian_n while_o at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o either_o rome_n or_o egypt_n and_o from_o they_o with_o who_o they_o maintain_v a_o continual_a commerce_n may_v receive_v the_o name_n of_o their_o city_n which_o very_o well_o agree_v to_o a_o strong_a frontier_n town_n build_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o border_n and_o this_o exact_o quadrate_v with_o the_o arabic_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d damar_n praesidium_n and_o we_o may_v as_o well_o derive_v palmyrene_n from_o a_o persic_a original_a as_o the_o neighbour_a province_n osrhoene_n the_o two_o province_n be_v often_o confound_v for_o photius_n cod._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d style_v zenobia_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o queen_n of_o osrhoene_n which_o be_v without_o any_o dispute_n so_o denominate_v from_o osroes_n or_o chosroes_n the_o king_n of_o that_o country_n 49._o procop._n l._n 1._o pers_n c._n 17._o p._n 49._o and_o a_o confederate_a of_o the_o persian_n who_o give_v his_o name_n to_o edessa_n and_o the_o territory_n round_o it_o for_o i_o can_v be_v of_o the_o mind_n of_o malela_n though_o he_o seem_v by_o his_o often_o mention_v it_o 153._o par._n 1._o p._n 182._o par._n 2._o p._n 153._o to_o be_v fond_a of_o his_o etymology_n that_o it_o be_v call_v palmyra_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o it_o be_v the_o place_n where_o goliath_n receive_v his_o fate_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o king_n david_n though_o the_o humour_n of_o give_v name_n to_o city_n or_o country_n from_o such_o fabulous_a encounter_n have_v not_o be_v altogether_o disuse_v for_o say_v damascius_n apud_fw-la phod_n cot._fw-la 242._o some_o affirm_v that_o his_o native_a city_n damascus_n be_v so_o call_v from_o ascus_n a_o giant_n who_o jupiter_n there_o overcome_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o i_o fear_v some_o of_o our_o historian_n zealous_a for_o the_o honour_n of_o brute_n will_v be_v find_v guilty_a of_o the_o same_o crime_n but_o though_o i_o can_v believe_v the_o fiction_n of_o david_n slay_v goliath_n at_o palmyra_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o that_o stout_a and_o victorious_a prince_n may_v have_v extend_v his_o empire_n as_o far_o as_o palmyra_n 60._o bechart_n spanhem_n hist_o job_n &_o hyde_n not._n in_o abr._n peritzol_n p._n 60._o when_o he_o invade_v hadadeze_a king_n of_o soba_n 2_o sam._n 8.3_o 1_o chron._n 18.3_o the_o euphrates_n be_v the_o eastern_a limit_v of_o syria_n sobah_n from_o beyond_o which_o river_n hadadeze_a bring_v his_o auxiliary_n i._n e._n from_o mesopotamia_n 2_o sam._n 10.16_o there_o call_v syria_n beyond_o the_o river_n as_o damascus_n be_v the_o western_a and_o palmyra_n be_v say_v 2_o chron._n 8.3_o 4._o to_o be_v situate_v in_o hamath_n soba_n or_o syria_n soba_n and_o the_o two_o city_n of_o arabia_n the_o desert_n sabe_n and_o barathena_n in_o ptolemy_n seem_v to_o be_v soba_n and_o berothai_n city_n of_o the_o sabean_o mention_v in_o the_o sacred_a write_n castaldus_n and_o ortelius_n affirm_v that_o palmyra_n be_v now_o call_v amegara_n but_o sanson_n say_v it_o be_v call_v faid_n as_o do_v nicolosius_n in_o his_o hercules_n siculus_n 263._o par._n 3._o p._n 263._o and_o other_o whereas_o it_o still_o retain_v its_o old_a denomination_n tadhmur_n as_o it_o always_o do_v among_o the_o syrian_n and_o arab_n 72._o l._n 2._o p._n 72._o the_o old_a geographer_n of_o ravenna_n reckon_v it_o among_o the_o city_n of_o caele-syria_n for_o so_o i_o will_v adventure_v to_o correct_v that_o author_n syria_n cilensin_n comagenis_n which_o mounseur_fw-fr porcheron_n read_v syria_n seleucis_n but_o it_o shall_v be_v read_v syria_n cele_v in_o comagenis_n but_o call_v it_o malmiora_fw-la which_o the_o editor_n say_v be_v mistake_v for_o palmyra_n and_o with_o he_o i_o agree_v though_o perhaps_o tamira_n in_o the_o same_o author_n may_v be_v set_v for_o tadmira_n as_o hepolis_n for_o heliopolis_n for_o that_o geographer_n live_v in_o the_o seven_o century_n ib._n ib._n when_o that_o city_n have_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o arab_n have_v recover_v its_o ancient_a syriack_n or_o arabic_a
honour_a friend_n dr._n bernard_n have_v inform_v i_o that_o the_o spanish_a tademir_n may_v be_v derive_v as_o to_o name_n and_o no_o otherwise_o from_o the_o syrian_a tadmor_n or_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tadmera_n mescella_n populi_n from_o a_o mixture_n of_o several_a nation_n inhabit_v there_o as_o tidal_a in_o holy_a writ_n be_v call_v the_o king_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o galilee_n style_v galilee_n of_o the_o gentile_n the_o arab_n of_o this_o age_n say_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n solomon_n ebn_n el_fw-es doud_n or_o the_o son_n of_o david_n build_v a_o city_n in_o that_o place_n which_o be_v destroy_v be_v re-edifyed_a by_o a_o strange_a people_n and_o the_o present_a inhabitant_n pretend_v to_o show_v you_o the_o top_n of_o a_o mountain_n where_o one_o of_o solomon_n concubine_n lie_v bury_v as_o if_o that_o great_a king_n have_v fix_v his_o court_n there_o have_v destine_v it_o to_o his_o retirement_n and_o pleasure_n as_o josephus_n seem_v to_o affirm_v chap._n ii_o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o palmyrenian_o from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o consider_v the_o name_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o i_o question_v not_o but_o as_o their_o first_o language_n be_v hebrew_n or_o syriack_n so_o the_o people_n have_v syriack_n or_o hebrew_n name_n this_o want_v no_o further_a confirmation_n the_o inscription_n put_v it_o past_o all_o doubt_n odenathus_n airanes_n vaballathus_n mocimus_n orodes_n zabdas_n matthas_n jaribolus_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o pure_a syriack_n and_o have_v the_o curiosity_n of_o our_o english_a traveller_n direct_v they_o to_o have_v transcribe_v the_o syriack_n inscription_n as_o well_o as_o the_o greek_a at_o tadmur_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o as_o we_o may_v from_o they_o have_v retrieve_v the_o old_a syriack_n alphabet_n so_o we_o also_o may_v have_v be_v enable_v to_o correct_v more_o than_o one_o mistake_v either_o of_o the_o grave_a or_o transcriber_n as_o i_o shall_v unquestionable_o demonstrate_v there_o be_v such_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o famous_a city_n this_o method_n i_o doubt_v not_o the_o palmyrenian_o make_v use_v of_o that_o their_o public_a monument_n as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v may_v preserve_v the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o ancient_a native_a language_n and_o i_o hope_v some_o attempt_n will_v be_v make_v to_o recover_v at_o least_o the_o understanding_n of_o their_o letter_n for_o monsieur_n petit_n specimen_fw-la in_o spon_n miscellany_n be_v all_o dream_n and_o that_o learned_a man_n if_o he_o have_v be_v in_o earnest_a will_v doubtless_o have_v give_v we_o his_o alphabet_n and_o the_o inscription_n according_o reduce_v into_o the_o hebrew_n or_o some_o other_o know_v character_n it_o be_v true_a he_o say_v they_o be_v the_o phaenician_a probable_o the_o same_o with_o the_o old_a syriack_n letter_n for_o gruter_n opinion_n that_o they_o be_v arabic_a be_v not_o to_o be_v defend_v but_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o antony_n gallandius_n confutation_n of_o mr._n petit_n in_o the_o same_o miscellany_n after_o the_o roman_n have_v extend_v their_o empire_n into_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o syria_n the_o man_n of_o palmyra_n agreeable_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o other_o nation_n of_o the_o east_n assume_v to_o themselves_o a_o prae-nomen_a the_o custom_n of_o have_v two_o name_n have_v be_v take_v up_o by_o the_o greek_n and_o syrian_n about_o the_o time_n of_o trajan_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o sepulchral_v inscription_n at_o tadmur_n 4._o n._n 3_o 4._o the_o most_o ancient_a of_o which_o be_v erect_v under_o trajan_n where_o the_o name_n of_o elabelus_n mannaeus_fw-la soraechus_n malchus_n vaballathus_n gichus_n mocimus_n stand_v alone_o without_o any_o prae-nomina_a but_o in_o the_o inscription_n of_o aftertime_n septimius_n rupilius_n julius_n aurelius_n frequent_o occur_v which_o be_v roman_n be_v prefix_v to_o their_o syriack_n name_n as_o some_o of_o they_o have_v two_o syriack_n name_n the_o last_o have_v probable_o be_v givent_fw-fr to_o those_o who_o be_v adopt_v into_o other_o family_n as_o phanius_fw-la mocimus_n qui_fw-la &_o airanes_n julius_n aurelius_n zenobius_n qui_fw-la &_o zabdilas_fw-la the_o fore-name_n septimius_n be_v in_o very_o frequent_a use_n at_o tadmur_n probable_o in_o honour_n of_o septimius_n severus_n the_o emperor_n their_o benefactor_n the_o first_o of_o their_o emperor_n be_v septimius_n odenathus_n their_o only_a empress_n septimia_n zenobia_n their_o great_a man_n septimius_n orodes_n and_o septimius_n airanes_n now_o the_o prae-nomen_a be_v either_o greek_a or_o roman_a the_o second_o the_o proper_a syriack_n name_n of_o the_o person_n be_v postponed_a to_o that_o which_o be_v assume_v ex_fw-la gr_n septimius_n zenobius_n longinus_n cassimus_fw-la julius_n aurelius_n zenobius_n alexander_n capadetus_n julius_n aurelius_n ealme_n if_o it_o shall_v not_o rather_o be_v read_v palm_n for_o he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o roman_a and_o a_o gentleman_n of_o one_o of_o their_o troop_n now_o palma_n be_v a_o know_a name_n among_o the_o roman_n palma_n the_o consul_n and_o the_o lieutenant-general_n to_o trajan_n in_o his_o parthian_a expedition_n be_v very_o famous_a who_o be_v of_o a_o contrary_a faction_n to_o adrian_n 4._o sparta_n hadr._n p._n 2_o 4._o be_v slay_v at_o terracina_n by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n i_o can_v agree_v with_o the_o learned_a mr._n halley_n correct_v the_o coin_n of_o vaballathus_n and_o read_v airanes_n for_o hermeias_n for_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o in_o those_o name_n the_o first_o be_v greek_n or_o latin_a the_o latter_a syriack_n which_o also_o confirm_v i_o in_o my_o opinion_n that_o vaballathus_n be_v the_o son_n of_o herodes_n or_o herodianus_n and_o that_o the_o father_n name_n be_v athenas_n herodes_n of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o it_o be_v also_o observable_a that_o the_o palmyrenian_o like_o their_o neighbour_n the_o arab_n with_o their_o own_o name_n give_v their_o pedigree_n reckon_v up_o their_o ancestor_n many_o time_n to_o their_o great-grand-father_n this_o the_o saracenic_a history_n put_v out_o of_o all_o dispute_n as_o to_o the_o arab_n and_o the_o inscription_n as_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o tadmur_n now_o to_o show_v that_o the_o name_n be_v of_o syriack_n or_o hebrew_n extraction_n as_o the_o prae_fw-la nomina_fw-la of_o greek_a or_o latin_a be_v a_o easy_a undertake_n jaribolus_n or_o jariboleus_n be_v jerubbaal_n gideon_n name_n bareiche_n be_v barachias_n baruchus_n 346._o tom._n 3._o mon._n graec._n p._n 346._o or_o barachus_fw-la of_o which_o name_n be_v baruch_n the_o prophet_n jeremy_n scribe_n and_o a_o bishop_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o borochus_n the_o judge_n in_o jamblichus_n ouorodes_n be_v orodes_n and_o herod_n soraechus_n saruch_n nahar_n father_n gen._n 11._o and_o in_o jamblicus_n 94._o jamblicus_n apud_fw-la phot._n cod._n 94._o babylonicks_n soraechus_n the_o son_n of_o soraechus_n the_o publican_n make_v a_o considerable_a figure_n simon_n be_v pure_o hebrew_a vaballathus_n be_v balathus_n with_o the_o arabic_a praefix_n bal_n belus_n bolathus_n and_o balathus_n the_o same_o name_n in_o damascius_n ballatha_n be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o syrian_a city_n in_o ptolemy_n and_o sanballat_n i._n e._n the_o prince_n ballathus_n appear_v in_o holy_a writ_n the_o governor_n of_o mesopotamia_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nehem._n 2.9_o and_o vaballathus_n in_o vopiscus_n be_v call_v balbatus_n for_o ballathus_n 30._o euseb_n l._n 7._o c._n 30._o bolanus_n be_v one_o of_o the_o bishop_n who_o in_o the_o synod_n of_o antioch_n condemn_v paulus_n of_o samosata_n matthas_n among_o the_o man_n and_o martha_n among_o the_o woman_n be_v also_o hebrew_a matthas_n matthat_n matthan_n mattathas_n airanes_n aarones_n jaraius_n jair_n elabelus_n be_v elbelus_n or_o the_o god_n bel_n sometime_o alagbelus_n alagabalus_fw-la corrupt_o heliogabalus_n mannaeus_fw-la be_v the_o same_o name_n with_o manoah_n 13.2_o judg._n 13.2_o or_o as_o the_o lxx_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o manahath_n 1_o chron._n 1.40_o zenobius_n be_v a_o common_a name_n among_o the_o phaenician_o and_o syrian_n 13._o syrian_n l._n 8._o c._n 13._o eusebius_n mention_n two_o martyr_n of_o that_o name_n who_o suffer_v in_o the_o dioclesian_n persecution_n the_o one_o a_o admirable_a physician_n the_o other_o a_o presbyter_n of_o the_o church_n of_o sidon_n against_o zenobius_n of_o emesa_n 228._o phot._n â—od_a 228._o ephremius_n the_o patriarch_n of_o antioch_n write_v a_o learned_a treatise_n and_o zenobius_n a_o bishop_n of_o cilicia_n be_v martyr_a in_o the_o same_o persecution_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o his_o sister_n zenobia_n say_v simeon_n metaphrastes_n and_o the_o wife_n of_o basiliscus_n the_o emperor_n be_v also_o call_v zenobia_n malech_n malchus_n and_o malchion_n of_o which_o name_n be_v a_o eminent_a 29._o eminent_a id._n l._n 7._o c._n 29._o presbyter_n of_o antioch_n who_o oppose_v paulus_n of_o samosata_n the_o
of_o those_o city_n first_o institute_v the_o decurio_fw-la like_o our_o alderman_n of_o the_o ward_n have_v his_o particular_a province_n appoint_v and_o his_o number_n of_o person_n who_o he_o inspect_v nonius_n marcel_n decuriones_fw-la à _fw-la numero_fw-la cvi_fw-la praeerant_fw-la dicebantur_fw-la but_o the_o whole_a order_n or_o aggregate_v body_n govern_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v in_o the_o law_n and_o ancient_a history_n decuriones_fw-la civitatum_fw-la municipiorum_n &_o coloniarum_fw-la sept._n l._n 6._o epist_n ad_fw-la sept._n great_a care_n say_v tully_n be_v use_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o such_o governor_n the_o name_n of_o the_o candidate_n be_v before_o the_o election_n propose_v to_o the_o people_n that_o they_o may_v make_v their_o just_a exception_n if_o they_o have_v any_o against_o the_o person_n when_o any_o public_a business_n be_v to_o be_v do_v the_o senator_n be_v solemn_o summon_v to_o the_o court_n 1._o vid._n not._n in_o cod._n l._n 10._o t._n 31._o n._n 1._o for_o out_o of_o their_o body_n the_o duumviri_fw-la be_v choose_v who_o be_v to_o be_v nominate_v three_o month_n before_o they_o enter_v upon_o their_o province_n as_o also_o the_o aedile_n and_o in_o some_o place_n the_o dictator_n and_o praetor_n the_o court_n be_v oblige_v to_o give_v immediate_a notice_n to_o every_o officer_n if_o absent_a who_o they_o have_v elect_v the_o inspection_n of_o the_o treasury_n be_v commit_v to_o they_o they_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o management_n and_o disposal_n of_o all_o bequest_n and_o of_o the_o public_a money_n they_o be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o granary_n shall_v always_o be_v full_a that_o the_o city_n may_v not_o want_v bread_n they_o impose_v and_o levy_v tax_n in_o short_a the_o whole_a management_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v in_o their_o hand_n it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o the_o discharge_v of_o the_o office_n be_v very_o expensive_a and_o they_o be_v accountable_a for_o whatever_o public_a money_n shall_v be_v embezzle_v or_o misapply_v antiquit_fw-la vid._n b._n brisso_n l._n 4._o select_a antiquit_fw-la and_o be_v encumber_v with_o a_o troublesome_a province_n for_o the_o senator_n be_v not_o to_o leave_v the_o city_n to_o go_v to_o the_o court_n either_o upon_o the_o public_a or_o his_o own_o private_a affair_n without_o leave_n from_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o province_n they_o be_v prohibit_v the_o apply_v themselves_o to_o a_o military_a employment_n and_o if_o any_o man_n scruple_v to_o serve_v his_o country_n after_o he_o be_v choose_v the_o law_n compel_v he_o for_o two_o year_n together_o to_o do_v the_o office_n of_o a_o duumvir_fw-la unless_o the_o court_n exempt_v he_o or_o he_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o citizen_n to_o excuse_v he_o nor_o will_v fly_v to_o a_o monastery_n give_v a_o protection_n a_o religious_a house_n be_v not_o then_o a_o sanctuary_n to_o screen_n a_o man_n from_o civil_a employment_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o 46._o the_o nou._n 46._o novel_n of_o the_o emperor_n leo_n after_o who_o reign_n the_o word_n do_v not_o occur_v in_o the_o law_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o basilica_n the_o office_n of_o the_o ducurio_n be_v style_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o employment_n very_o burdensome_a and_o grievous_a and_o probable_o the_o person_n when_o choose_v be_v oblige_v to_o give_v to_o the_o public_a treasury_n a_o sum_n of_o money_n it_o be_v mention_v 475.3_o mention_v grut._n 475.3_o as_o a_o great_a honour_n do_v to_o titius_n chresimus_n that_o for_o the_o merit_n of_o his_o father_n the_o senate_n admit_v he_o into_o their_o society_n gratuitous_o ob_fw-la merita_fw-la patris_fw-la honorem_fw-la decurinatûs_fw-la gratuitum_fw-la decrevit_fw-la ordo_fw-la decurionum_fw-la but_o as_o the_o office_n be_v thus_o molest_v inasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v sometime_o inflict_v as_o a_o punishment_n for_o some_o offence_n so_o their_o privilege_n be_v very_o great_a and_o their_o station_n very_o honourable_a they_o be_v exempt_a from_o all_o extraordinary_a employment_n and_o from_o endure_v the_o torture_n be_v not_o to_o be_v condemn_v to_o the_o mine_n not_o to_o be_v burn_v alive_a throw_v to_o the_o wild_a beast_n crucify_a or_o behead_v but_o if_o criminal_a be_v imprison_v and_o fetter_v till_o the_o emperor_n have_v declare_v his_o pleasure_n and_o determine_v their_o fate_n and_o the_o honour_n be_v derive_v to_o the_o family_n to_o the_o father_n and_o the_o child_n of_o the_o senator_n who_o be_v by_o this_o mean_v ennoble_v the_o man_n of_o worth_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v choose_v member_n of_o the_o court_n at_o fifteen_o and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o arrive_v to_o the_o age_n of_o seventy_o or_o prove_v the_o father_n of_o twelve_o child_n he_o be_v excuse_v from_o the_o fatigue_n while_o he_o enjoy_v all_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o senator_n nor_o can_v he_o be_v compel_v to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o province_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o most_o urgent_a necessity_n their_o body_n be_v style_v ordo_fw-la decurionum_fw-la the_o roll_n in_o which_o their_o edict_n be_v enter_v album_fw-la decurionum_fw-la their_o habit_n distinctive_a and_o ornamental_a decurionalibus_fw-la vestimentis_fw-la ornatus_fw-la 372.7_o grut._n p._n 372.7_o their_o house_n be_v supply_v with_o water_n upon_o the_o public_a charge_n ut_fw-la aquae_fw-la digitus_fw-la in_o domo_fw-la ejus_fw-la flueret_fw-la commodisque_fw-la publicis_fw-la 475.3_o id._n 475.3_o ac_fw-la si_fw-la decurio_fw-la frueretur_fw-la and_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o the_o great_a bequest_n above_o fifteen_o hundred_o pound_n have_v be_v give_v by_o c._n torasius_n 279.3_o grut._n p._n 279.3_o to_o furnish_v out_o the_o expense_n of_o a_o great_a supper_n annual_o provide_v on_o the_o birthday_n of_o his_o son_n for_o the_o ducuriones_n of_o the_o city_n and_o for_o a_o largess_n in_o money_n to_o the_o poor_a and_o if_o any_o generous_a person_n when_o die_v left_a legacy_n to_o the_o people_n they_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o disposal_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o inscription_n d._n f._n d._n i._o p._n h._n e._n decurionum_fw-la fide_fw-la dividenda_fw-la in_o publicum_fw-la and_o if_o the_o emperor_n resolve_v to_o express_v his_o indignation_n against_o any_o people_n he_o deny_v they_o the_o privilege_n of_o be_v rule_v by_o a_o senate_n of_o their_o own_o inhabitant_n and_o leave_v their_o life_n and_o fortune_n to_o the_o discretion_n and_o integrity_n of_o their_o governor_n who_o be_v a_o foreigner_n 451._o dio._n l._n 51._o p._n 451._o so_o augustus_n punish_v the_o proud_a city_n of_o alexandria_n for_o when_o he_o have_v conquer_v egypt_n he_o constitute_v cornelius_n gallus_n their_o governor_n but_o will_v not_o permit_v any_o citizen_n a_o share_n in_o public_a affair_n while_o he_o allow_v other_o city_n their_o privilege_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o this_o state_n they_o continue_v till_o septimius_n severus_n give_v they_o the_o jus_n buleutarum_fw-la the_o liberty_n to_o be_v govern_v by_o their_o own_o citizen_n 70._o spartian_a severus_n p._n 70._o and_o his_o son_n antoninus_n put_v they_o into_o the_o capacity_n of_o be_v choose_v senator_n at_o rome_n which_o i_o conjecture_v be_v one_o of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o decuriones_fw-la in_o the_o colony_n that_o this_o title_n be_v very_o honourable_a in_o the_o colony_n of_o palmyra_n appear_v from_o sextus_n rufus_n who_o call_v odenathus_n before_o he_o assume_v the_o purple_a by_o the_o name_n of_o decurio_fw-la palmyrenus_n which_o trebellius_n pollio_n explain_v by_o princeps_fw-la civitatis_fw-la for_o the_o senator_n be_v the_o principal_a man_n of_o the_o city_n where_o they_o reside_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o imitation_n of_o the_o roman_a method_n of_o government_n the_o palmyrenian_o have_v also_o their_o procuratores_fw-la ducenarii_fw-la of_o which_o order_n be_v septimius_n orodes_n under_o odenathus_n and_o paulus_n of_o samosata_n the_o patriarch_n of_o antioch_n under_o zenobia_n the_o original_a of_o the_o office_n be_v to_o be_v deduce_v from_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n who_o 32._o sneton_n august_n n._n 32._o for_o the_o better_a and_o more_o regular_a government_n of_o his_o subject_n to_o the_o three_o court_n of_o judicature_n which_o have_v be_v former_o erect_v add_v a_o four_o style_v decuria_n ducenariorum_n of_o a_o inferior_a order_n the_o judge_n whereof_o at_o their_o first_o institution_n be_v appoint_v to_o determine_v cause_n of_o less_o moment_n but_o be_v in_o process_n of_o time_n advance_v to_o a_o noble_a jurisdiction_n they_o be_v common_o man_n of_o quality_n of_o the_o equestrian_a dignity_n though_o sometime_o liberti_n but_o in_o those_o day_n the_o emperor_n freedman_n make_v no_o contemptible_a figure_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o custom_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o augustus_n be_v 506._o dio._n l._n 53._o p._n 506._o that_o every_o officer_n furnish_v the_o expense_n of_o his_o employment_n without_o any_o charge_n to_o the_o public_a but_o
honourable_a for_o the_o secretary_n be_v very_o little_a inferior_a to_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n either_o in_o dignity_n or_o authority_n be_v often_o of_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o the_o nobility_n verr._n orat._n 8._o in_o verr._n so_o say_v tully_n scribarum_fw-la ordo_fw-la est_fw-la honestus_fw-la quod_fw-la eorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la fidei_fw-la tabulae_fw-la publicae_fw-la periculaque_fw-la magistratuum_fw-la commitantur_fw-la he_o be_v elect_v into_o the_o office_n say_v julius_n pollux_n infr_n vbi_fw-la infr_n and_o aristotle_n in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o athens_n affirm_v that_o he_o be_v the_o keeper_n of_o the_o public_a record_n and_o tully_n say_v the_o same_o enroll_v all_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o be_v a_o assessor_n in_o the_o court_n of_o judicature_n and_o therefore_o suidas_n be_v mistake_v when_o he_o aver_v that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o employment_n than_o to_o write_v 11._o jul._n pol._n l._n 8._o c._n 8_o 9_o 11._o and_o read_v or_o publish_v the_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n there_o be_v three_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o athens_n of_o who_o the_o first_o keep_v all_o the_o public_a write_n the_o letter_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o city_n and_o he_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o council_n to_o the_o second_o the_o keep_n of_o all_o the_o law_n be_v entrust_v and_o he_o also_o be_v nominate_v by_o the_o council_n but_o the_o three_o be_v the_o secratary_n of_o the_o people_n choose_v by_o the_o commons_o and_o he_o it_o be_v who_o read_v all_o the_o write_n of_o the_o people_n say_v the_o scholiast_n of_o thucydides_n or_o rather_o read_v all_o the_o public_a order_n both_o to_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n his_o method_n of_o proceed_v be_v thus_o state_v by_o ammonius_n 〈◊〉_d in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o grammateus_n have_v several_a order_n of_o council_n in_o his_o hand_n which_o he_o be_v to_o publish_v to_o the_o people_n he_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o and_o read_v the_o name_n of_o the_o person_n who_o propose_v the_o decree_n his_o father_n name_n and_o the_o name_n of_o the_o tribe_n or_o people_n to_o which_o he_o belong_v and_o then_o publish_v the_o decree_n itself_o after_o which_o he_o proceed_v to_o the_o second_o and_o three_o till_o he_o have_v publish_v they_o all_o the_o name_n of_o the_o secretary_n be_v always_o insert_v into_o every_o decree_n together_o with_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o precedent_n of_o of_o the_o senate_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o the_o praetor_n thus_o the_o inscription_n at_o agrigentum_n gergento_n in_o sicily_n 401._o grut._n 401._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o very_o often_o his_o name_n have_v the_o precedence_n in_o the_o decree_n as_o appear_v by_o several_a instance_n myster_n instance_n andocyd_n de_fw-fr myster_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 46._o 〈◊〉_d thucyd._n l._n 3._o v._n v._o cl._n not._n in_o marm._n ox._n 46._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o the_o coin_n the_o name_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o of_o a_o public_a eminent_a officer_n from_o who_o year_n of_o government_n the_o people_n make_v their_o computation_n be_v frequent_o insert_v particular_o in_o those_o of_o the_o city_n of_o caria_n where_o i_o suppose_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o chief_a magistrate_n one_o of_o the_o coin_n of_o mylasa_n be_v say_v to_o be_v stamp_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o hybreas_n the_o orator_n govern_v the_o city_n say_v 659._o say_v lib._n 14._o p._n 659._o strabo_n so_o the_o coin_n of_o the_o magnesian_o upon_o the_o maeander_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o maximinus_n be_v stamp_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o another_o of_o the_o ephestan_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d when_o ariston_n be_v their_o secretary_n and_o so_o honourable_a be_v the_o office_n 19_o act._n 19_o and_o so_o great_a the_o authority_n at_o ephesus_n that_o when_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v in_o a_o uproar_v and_o all_o the_o people_n of_o asia_n ferment_v into_o a_o violent_a tumult_n for_o it_o be_v high_o probable_a that_o the_o insult_n be_v make_v upon_o st._n paul_n when_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o community_n of_o asia_n be_v meet_v to_o celebrate_v their_o public_a game_n he_o by_o his_o single_a authority_n and_o command_n dismiss_v and_o disperse_v the_o riotous_a assembly_n and_o i_o conjecture_v that_o it_o be_v one_o reason_n why_o the_o same_o person_n be_v not_o long_o continue_v in_o this_o office_n to_o prevent_v any_o mischievous_a innovation_n which_o may_v be_v make_v in_o the_o republic_n by_o a_o officer_z who_o nad_z so_o great_a a_o trust_n and_o have_v it_o in_o his_o power_n to_o make_v himself_o very_o popular_a for_o it_o be_v a_o law_n at_o athens_n attic._n v._o petit._n the_o legib_n attic._n that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v twice_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d under_o the_o same_o magistracy_n though_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d person_n may_v be_v choose_v a_o second_o time_n under_o new_a magistrate_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o palmyrene_n inscription_n for_o though_o some_o place_n of_o trust_n be_v by_o special_a favour_n and_o upon_o great_a merit_n give_v for_o life_n some_o of_o their_o high_a priest_n be_v constitute_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yet_o though_o sigonius_n affirm_v the_o contrary_a even_o the_o high_a priesthood_n itself_o be_v limit_v and_o probable_o annual_a in_o many_o place_n so_o 448.1_o so_o grut._n 448.1_o papirius_n alexander_n be_v say_v to_o be_v high_a priest_n the_o second_o time_n though_o in_o the_o same_o inscription_n he_o be_v call_v the_o priest_n of_o bacchus_n for_o his_o life_n and_o in_o a_o coin_n of_o the_o magnesian_o near_o sipylus_n apphianus_n be_v say_v to_o be_v praetor_n and_o high_a priest_n the_o second_o time_n so_o several_a city_n be_v constitute_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o second_o and_o three_o time_n and_o t._n fl._n taeanus_n gruter_n call_v he_o aelianus_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v the_o thirteen_o time_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o cleogenes_n in_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n of_o athens_n 232._o petit._n ubi_fw-la sup_n p._n 232._o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o time_n secretary_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o malech_n agrippa_n manage_v that_o province_n a_o second_o time_n at_o palmyra_n nor_o be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d always_o a_o civil_a officer_n or_o minister_n of_o state_n but_o sometime_o a_o ecclesiastic_a and_o minister_n of_o religion_n for_o the_o high_a priest_n have_v always_o way_n his_o secretary_n to_o which_o office_n no_o man_n be_v at_o first_o admit_v but_o he_o who_o be_v of_o the_o patrician_n dignity_n thus_o cl._n paulinus_n 22._o v._o gronou._n memor_n cosson_n p._n 146._o marm._n 22._o in_o a_o curious_a inscription_n late_o bring_v from_o the_o levant_n be_v style_v the_o general_n of_o the_o horse_n the_o prutanis_n aedilis_fw-la quaestor_n precedent_n of_o the_o senate_n precedent_n of_o the_o gymnasium_n or_o gymnasiarch_n master_n of_o the_o ordnance_n or_o armoury_n the_o custos_fw-la rotulorum_fw-la and_o secretary_n of_o the_o olympic_a game_n where_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v distinct_a office_n the_o one_o a_o civil_a the_o other_o a_o sacred_a employment_n but_o that_o the_o first_o also_o be_v very_o honourable_a for_o in_o another_o inscription_n bring_v from_o the_o same_o place_n t._n fl._n 116._o marm._n ox._n 116._o onesimus_n paternianus_n be_v style_v the_o master_n of_o the_o ordnance_n the_o guardian_n of_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o nemesis_n the_o general_n of_o their_o horse_n the_o keeper_n of_o their_o record_n the_o first_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o aedile_n the_o quaestor_n of_o the_o city_n and_o honour_v with_o many_o other_o great_a office_n as_o also_o 219._o grut._n p._n 219._o that_o he_o be_v choose_v by_o vote_n that_o he_o be_v to_o take_v into_o his_o custody_n the_o table_n wherein_o the_o law_n be_v write_v that_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o preserve_v the_o original_n of_o all_o the_o league_n and_o to_o keep_v in_o a_o strong_a box_n all_o the_o book_n belong_v to_o his_o office_n and_o the_o public_a affair_n and_o when_o he_o shall_v be_v require_v by_o the_o community_n he_o shall_v bring_v they_o into_o the_o senate-house_n and_o whenever_o the_o society_n shall_v choose_v another_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d custos_fw-la rotulorum_fw-la he_o shall_v deliver_v up_o his_o trust_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n no_o layman_n be_v permit_v to_o be_v secretary_n to_o the_o high_a priest_n he_o be_v
in_o that_o country_n say_v that_o they_o swear_v by_o mithras_n the_o sun_n and_o the_o ancient_a inscription_n in_o 9_o in_o xxxiii_o 9_o gruter_n be_v dedicate_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o whereas_o damascius_n say_v that_o at_o heliopolis_n the_o image_n of_o gennaeus_fw-la in_o the_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n be_v worship_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o lion_n erect_v what_o do_v it_o represent_v but_o the_o mithrae_fw-la leones_n of_o which_o tertullian_n treat_v so_o be_v bel._n seru._n in_o aen._n 1._o linguâ_fw-la punica_fw-la bal_n dicitur_fw-la apud_fw-la assyrios_fw-la autem_fw-la bel_n &_o saturnus_n &_o sol._n and_o zosimus_n say_v 56._o l._n 1._o p._n 56._o that_o when_o aurelian_a have_v build_v a_o noble_a temple_n at_o rome_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o sun_n he_o place_v in_o it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d read_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o image_n of_o the_o sun_n who_o be_v belus_n which_o he_o have_v bring_v with_o he_o from_o palmyra_n this_o bel_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o deus_fw-la belenus_n of_o the_o german_n and_o the_o abellio_n of_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n and_o according_o they_o offer_v humane_a sacrifice_n to_o he_o hominem_fw-la optimam_fw-la &_o gratissimam_fw-la diis_fw-la victimam_fw-la say_v 2._o say_v l._n 3._o c._n 2._o mela_n of_o the_o old_a gaul_n thus_o be_v moloch_n worship_v among_o the_o jew_n edomite_n and_o other_o who_o sacrifice_v their_o child_n to_o the_o idol_n the_o same_o oblation_n do_v the_o african_n make_v to_o saturn_n and_o elagabalus_n the_o emperor_n to_o his_o country_n god_n alagbaal_n his_o namesake_n say_v 5._o say_v in_o pseud_n anton._n l._n 5._o herodian_a that_o osiris_n omphis_n and_o nilus_n be_v different_a name_n of_o the_o same_o glorious_a luminary_n our_o learned_a mr._n selden_n have_v undeniable_o prove_v and_o so_o be_v orus_n say_v horapollo_n hierogl_n l._n 1._o hierogl_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o short_a julian_n say_v that_o all_o the_o several_a name_n of_o the_o heathen_a god_n be_v expressive_a in_o a_o different_a manner_n of_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o sun_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nor_o do_v the_o arab_n in_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a worship_v any_o other_o god_n but_o the_o heaven_n i._n e._n the_o sun_n and_o bacchus_n say_v alex._n say_v l._n 7._o de_fw-la expedit_fw-la alex._n arrian_n or_o rather_o bacchus_n and_o urania_n as_o herodotus_n and_o celsus_n in_o origen_n affirm_v i._n e._n the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n for_o bacchus_n be_v no_o other_o than_o 29._o than_o auson_n epigr._fw-la 29._o osiris_n and_o adonis_n the_o island_n of_o nosala_n and_o some_o other_o whole_a country_n be_v dedicate_v to_o his_o service_n in_o palestine_n they_o devote_a horse_n and_o chariot_n to_o his_o honour_n to_o denote_v the_o swiftness_n of_o his_o motion_n 1_o king_n 23._o and_o they_o worship_v he_o towards_o the_o east_n the_o rising-sun_n ezek._n 8._o turn_v their_o back_n upon_o the_o sanctum_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la which_o be_v towards_o the_o west_n his_o festival_n be_v celebrate_v with_o great_a pomp_n say_v julian_n his_o birthday_n be_v celerated_a on_o the_o 25_o of_o december_n say_v the_o old_a calendar_n and_o his_o day_n of_o the_o week_n at_o antioch_n be_v dedicate_v in_o their_o high_a solemnity_n to_o the_o noble_a exercise_n the_o horse-race_n say_v malela_n and_o when_o the_o heathen_n swear_v with_o the_o great_a gravity_n 1._o marm._n oxon._n 1._o they_o call_v he_o to_o witness_v the_o truth_n of_o what_o they_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o it_o be_v publish_v i_o swear_v by_o jupiter_n the_o earth_n the_o sun_n and_o the_o other_o go_n and_o this_o i_o mention_v that_o i_o may_v take_v leave_n to_o mention_v another_o such_o correction_n in_o 7._o in_o edit_fw-la ox._n p._n 7._o aristeas_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o if_o so_o it_o shall_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n the_o moon_n be_v repute_v the_o sister_n and_o wife_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o juno_n be_v of_o jupiter_n and_o the_o same_o with_o venus_n say_v philochorus_n in_o macrobius_n now_o venus_n be_v a_o very_a comprehensive_a name_n among_o the_o ancient_n say_v 1._o say_v tetrabib_fw-la l._n 1._o ptolemy_n the_o syrian_n worship_n venus_n as_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d call_v she_o by_o several_a name_n in_o several_a country_n and_o plutarch_n affirm_v crass_n in_o crass_n that_o the_o goddess_n of_o hierapolis_n be_v by_o some_o call_v venus_n by_o other_o juno_z by_o a_o three_o sort_n nature_n that_o give_v begin_v and_o seed_n to_o all_o thing_n by_o the_o assyrian_n arab_n and_o persian_n she_o be_v adore_v under_o the_o name_n of_o urania_n say_v 3._o say_v lib._n 3._o herodotus_n and_o in_o africa_n say_v apologet._n say_v apologet._n tertullian_n and_o met._n and_o lib._n 6._o met._n apuleius_n call_v her_o dea_fw-la caelestis_fw-la magna_fw-la jovis_n germana_fw-la &_o conjux_fw-la and_o so_o say_v plotinus_n urania_n be_v venus_n and_o juno_n the_o wife_n and_o sister_n of_o jupiter_n and_o she_o be_v call_v by_o 5._o by_o lib._n 5._o herodotus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o governess_n of_o the_o star_n i._n e._n the_o queen_n of_o heaven_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o egyptian_n account_v it_o absurd_a to_o call_v heaven_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o a_o word_n of_o the_o masculine_a gender_n they_o style_v it_o urania_n because_o the_o moon_n govern_v all_o thing_n and_o therefore_o elagabalus_n the_o emperor_n be_v himself_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o sun_n call_v his_o wife_n urania_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v the_o sun_n and_o moon_n syr._n moon_n de_fw-fr deâ_fw-la syr._n lucian_n say_v that_o the_o syrian_n at_o byblos_n the_o next_o town_n to_o hierapolis_n for_o this_o reason_n in_o the_o coin_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o sacred_a byblus_n worship_v venus_n and_o adonis_n with_o great_a solemnity_n and_o that_o the_o phaenician_a astarte_n be_v the_o moon_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v procopius_n in_o 2_o king_n 17._o she_o be_v adore_v in_o syria_n under_o that_o name_n in_o the_o day_n of_o 14._o of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 1._o c._n 9_o p._n 14._o artemidorus_n i.e._n under_o the_o antonine_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o abovementioned_a lucian_n say_v that_o the_o juno_n at_o hierapolis_n the_o goddess_n of_o syria_n be_v of_o all_o shape_v but_o still_o the_o same_o goddess_n she_o be_v in_o some_o feature_n like_o minerva_n in_o other_o like_o venus_n the_o moon_n rhea_n diana_n nemesis_n and_o the_o destiny_n sup_n vbi_fw-la sup_n macrobius_n say_v that_o the_o syrian_n worship_v adonis_n i_o e._n the_o sun_n and_o venus_n architis_n i_o e._n the_o moon_n some_o critic_n read_v the_o word_n adargidis_fw-la other_o dercitidis_n but_o mr._n selden_n aphaciditis_fw-la and_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o venus_n be_v solemn_o worship_v at_o aphaca_n a_o place_n not_o far_o from_o hierapolis_n and_o so_o probable_o be_v she_o at_o arca_n a_o city_n in_o syria_n not_o far_o from_o aphaca_n and_o near_o both_o hierapolis_n and_o byblus_n the_o place_n where_o alexander_n severus_n be_v bear_v say_v 118._o say_v p._n 114_o 118._o lampridius_n who_o in_o one_o place_n call_v it_o vrbs_fw-la arcena_n in_o another_o arca_n caesarea_n one_o of_o the_o inland_n 15._o inland_n ptol._n l._n 5._o c._n 15._o city_n of_o phoenicia_n so_o that_o i_o think_v the_o word_n in_o macrobius_n need_v not_o correction_n for_o as_o from_o aphaca_n be_v derive_v aphacitis_n so_o from_o arca_n arcitis_n venus_n be_v the_o know_a deity_n of_o all_o that_o country_n 10._o country_n de_fw-fr c._n d._n l._n 4._o c._n 10._o st._n austin_n wonder_v why_o the_o heathen_n shall_v account_v vesta_n and_o venus_n the_o same_o while_o the_o one_o be_v the_o goddess_n of_o chastity_n the_o other_o the_o patroness_n of_o lewdness_n but_o his_o admiration_n will_v have_v cease_v have_v he_o consider_v that_o the_o same_o mock-divinity_n be_v represent_v under_o those_o different_a name_n that_o isis_n lucina_n diana_n hecate_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o moon_n be_v prove_v by_o mr._n selden_n and_o though_o athens_n be_v minerva_n own_o city_n and_o she_o the_o patroness_n of_o modesty_n yet_o theseus_n their_o founder_n command_v the_o citizen_n to_o worship_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v 20._o say_v attic._n p._n 20._o pausanias_n the_o same_o i_o suppose_v with_o pallas_n the_o pythagorean_n sacrifice_v to_o venus_n i_o e._n the_o moon_n on_o the_o six_o day_n of_o their_o week_n i._n e._n friday_n say_v 28._o say_v vit._n pythag_n l._n 1._o c._n 28._o jamblichus_n a_o day_n sacred_a also_o among_o the_o arab_n
of_o the_o country_n lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o parthian_a empire_n which_o whither_o it_o commence_v under_o seleucus_n callinicus_n or_o his_o father_n antiochus_n who_o call_v himself_o the_o god_n i_o will_v not_o undertake_v to_o determine_v this_o empire_n last_v 270_o year_n 6._o l._n 2._o &_o herodian_a l._n 6._o say_v agathias_n out_o of_o the_o record_n of_o that_o country_n from_o arsaces_n their_o first_o king_n to_o artaban_n the_o last_o under_o who_o artaxeres_n zosimus_n call_v more_o proper_o artaxerxes_n a_o obscure_a persian_a but_o of_o a_o aspire_a mind_n of_o great_a courage_n and_o industry_n have_v ferment_v several_a of_o the_o native_n into_o a_o rebellion_n after_o three_o battle_n fight_v with_o success_n seize_v artaban_n and_o have_v murder_v he_o put_v the_o crown_n on_o his_o own_o head_n and_o so_o translate_v the_o empire_n a_o second_o time_n to_o the_o persian_n this_o happen_v 4._o agath_fw-mi l._n 4._o say_v the_o abovementioned_a historian_n in_o the_o five_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o eight_o year_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a i._n e._n of_o the_o aera_fw-la seleucidarum_fw-la and_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o alexander_n the_o son_n of_o mammaea_n artaxerxes_n have_v thus_o conquer_v the_o parthian_n and_o settle_v himself_o in_o the_o throne_n the_o next_o year_n after_o viz._n the_o five_o of_o alexander_n he_o make_v his_o incursion_n into_o the_o roman_a territory_n alexander_n at_o first_o attempt_v to_o divert_v he_o from_o his_o inroad_n by_o his_o letter_n but_o find_v the_o method_n unsuccessful_a he_o march_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n into_o the_o east_n fight_v that_o potent_a prince_n force_v he_o to_o fly_v and_o get_v a_o glorious_a victory_n have_v take_v 300_o elephant_n 133._o lamprid._n pag._n 133._o destroy_v 200_o more_o slay_v a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o of_o their_o horse_n beside_o 10000_o of_o their_o cataphractae_fw-la troop_n that_o be_v arm_v cap_n à _fw-fr pe_fw-es he_o also_o recover_v mesopotamia_n out_o of_o their_o hand_n and_o first_o teach_v the_o persian_n how_o to_o serve_v the_o roman_n after_o which_o he_o return_v to_o antioch_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o rome_n where_o the_o senate_n decree_v he_o a_o triumph_n as_o the_o reward_n of_o his_o service_n on_o the_o 25_o of_o september_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 22_o 6_o 7._o this_o victory_n say_v cassiodore_n in_o his_o fasti_fw-la be_v obtain_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o alexander_n julianus_n and_o crispinus_n be_v consul_n his_o coss_n alexander_n xerxem_n regem_fw-la persarum_fw-la vicit_fw-la but_o he_o be_v mistake_v for_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o julian_n and_o crispinus_n be_v not_o consul_n till_o the_o ⅔_n year_n of_o alexander_n who_o come_v to_o the_o empire_n anno_fw-la aer_fw-la vulg_n 222._o the_o 10_o of_o march_n after_o heliogabalus_n be_v slay_v be_v fix_v by_o all_o the_o other_o fasti_fw-la both_o those_o of_o idatius_n and_o those_o which_o the_o most_o learned_a mr._n dodwell_n have_v publish_v out_o of_o the_o mss._n of_o sir_n h._n savil_n and_o isaac_n vossius_fw-la to_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 224._o agathias_n positive_o aver_v that_o artaxerxes_n do_v not_o assume_v the_o crown_n of_o persia_n till_o the_o four_o year_n of_o alexander_n mammaeae_n which_o be_v exact_o coincident_a with_o the_o 538th_o year_n of_o the_o aera_fw-la seleucidarum_fw-la and_o the_o vulgar_a year_n of_o christ_n 22_o 6_o 7_o and_o this_o account_n the_o historian_n declare_v he_o have_v from_o the_o archive_v of_o the_o persian_a king_n in_o this_o expedition_n the_o palmyrenian_o declare_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o persian_a usurper_n and_o send_v their_o troop_n to_o their_o assistance_n under_o their_o general_n zenobius_n this_o zenobius_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o son_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d like_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o name_n of_o the_o heathen_a god_n be_v usual_o give_v to_o the_o man_n of_o illustrious_a descent_n this_o diosmalchus_n be_v the_o son_n of_o nassumus_fw-la 98._o transact_v pag._n 98._o in_o another_o inscription_n a_o like_a name_n occur_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o expedition_n of_o alexander_n be_v style_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o great_a prince_n have_v be_v dead_a some_o year_n when_o this_o inscription_n be_v erect_v and_o by_o the_o senate_n deify_v who_o appoint_v he_o a_o college_n of_o priest_n call_v alexandriani_n and_o order_v a_o festival_n to_o be_v keep_v on_o his_o birch-day_n 136._o lamprid._n pag._n 136._o which_o the_o roman_n continue_v to_o celebrate_v near_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o in_o the_o day_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a and_o to_o this_o deification_n probable_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o inscription_n have_v a_o remote_a relation_n for_o the_o heathen_n seldom_o speak_v of_o their_o prince_n but_o as_o of_o sacred_a person_n their_o person_n be_v numina_fw-la and_o all_o their_o law_n and_o action_n divine_a thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v often_o use_v when_o eunapius_n treat_v of_o the_o title_n of_o philostratus_n book_n of_o the_o life_n of_o apollonius_n he_o say_v it_o rather_o ought_v to_o be_v style_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o pagan_n set_n up_o that_o impostor_n in_o opposition_n to_o our_o bless_a saviour_n who_o be_v god_n make_v his_o appearance_n among_o men._n so_o st._n gregory_n of_o nazianzum_fw-la 38._o orat._n 38._o call_v our_o bless_a lord_n incarnation_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n of_o those_o age_n that_o their_o god_n do_v upon_o some_o solemn_a day_n descend_v from_o heaven_n put_v on_o humane_a shape_n and_o appear_v in_o those_o city_n for_o which_o they_o have_v a_o particular_a regard_n as_o many_o of_o the_o ancient_n think_v the_o martyr_n do_v frequent_o show_v themselves_o in_o those_o place_n either_o where_o they_o have_v be_v bear_v or_o put_v to_o death_n 408._o vid._n dion_n chrysost_n tar_n 1._o pag._n 408._o or_o bury_v and_o this_o descent_n they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o be_v prone_a to_o deify_v their_o prince_n and_o to_o treat_v they_o with_o all_o sort_n of_o divine_a honour_n whenever_o the_o emperor_n vouchsafe_v to_o visit_v any_o city_n they_o entertain_v he_o with_o the_o high_a testimony_n of_o joy_n and_o exultation_n and_o repute_v the_o day_n a_o solemn_a festival_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o coin_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 397._o v._o harduin_n num_fw-la p._n 397._o and_o adventus_n augusti_fw-la faelicissimus_fw-la frequent_o occur_v and_o in_o another_o of_o the_o inscription_n at_o palmyra_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o imperial_a general_n in_o this_o expedition_n be_v rutillius_n crispinus_n the_o praenomen_fw-la of_o that_o great_a man_n be_v restore_v to_o he_o from_o this_o inscription_n no_o ancient_a monument_n else_o call_v he_o other_o than_o crispinus_n 63._o lamprid._n p._n 61_o 63._o tullius_n crispinus_n be_v the_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la under_o didius_n julianus_n but_o he_o can_v be_v the_o man_n but_o there_o be_v another_o crispinus_n a_o man_n of_o the_o consular_a dignity_n who_o with_o menophilus_n 146._o capitolin_n maximini_n 2._o p._n 146._o after_o the_o barbarous_a murder_n of_o alexander_n severus_n maintain_v aquileia_n against_o maximinus_n who_o in_o vain_a besiege_v it_o they_o be_v both_o send_v by_o the_o senate_n to_o preserve_v that_o important_a place_n 169._o id._n p._n to_o 169._o and_o they_o maintain_v their_o province_n with_o so_o much_o courage_n that_o the_o soldier_n despair_v to_o take_v the_o city_n fall_v upon_o their_o general_n and_o slay_v both_o maximin_n and_o his_o son_n in_o their_o tent_n the_o same_o crispinus_n have_v be_v long_o before_o colleague_n with_o julianus_n in_o the_o consulship_n ann_n ⅔_n of_o alexander_n severus_n of_o christ_n 224._o from_o the_o death_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a 547._o and_o from_o the_o year_n of_o augustus_n or_o the_o epocha_n of_o the_o battle_n at_o actium_n 253._o say_v the_o ancient_a fasti_fw-la publish_v by_o the_o most_o learned_a dodwell_n upon_o this_o general_n crispinus_n zenobius_n of_o palmyra_n be_v a_o constant_a attendant_n assist_v the_o auxiliary_a troop_n with_o whatever_o necessary_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o in_o those_o barren_a desert_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n vexillationibus_fw-la vexillariis_fw-la or_o auxiliariis_fw-la the_o word_n be_v of_o a_o equivalent_a inport_n for_o those_o very_a troop_n 125.455_o v._o salmasin_n h._n a._n script_n p._n 125.455_o which_o tacitus_n call_v in_o one_o place_n auxiliorum_fw-la cohortes_fw-la he_o present_o after_o style_n vexillare_v cohorte_n the_o whole_a roman_a army_n be_v divide_v into_o their_o own_o legion_n and_o auxiliary_n ses_fw-fr mounseur_fw-fr saumaise_fw-fr auxilia_fw-la in_o cohortes_fw-la divisa_fw-la cohortes_fw-la in_o vexilla_fw-la itaque_fw-la cohors_fw-la
in_o the_o next_o inscription_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o fons_n lollianus_n be_v but_o ten_o in_o this_o inscription_n jupiter_n be_v not_o only_o style_v optimus_fw-la maximus_fw-la but_o propitius_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o favour_n so_o isis_n and_o diana_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o other_o 1._o other_o 40._o 10._o 73._o 1._o inscription_n 18._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d jovi_fw-la maximo_fw-la fulminanti_fw-la pro_fw-la salute_v trajani_n hadriani_n domini_fw-la svi_fw-la agathangelus_n abilenus_n decapolites_n camaram_fw-la aedificavit_fw-la &_o lectisternium_fw-la propriis_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la posuit_fw-la anno_fw-la 445._o mense_fw-la augusto_fw-la h._n e._n christi_fw-la 133._o hadrian_n 17._o this_o marble_n be_v find_v at_o tieve_v near_o three_o day_n journey_n from_o palmyra_n in_o the_o wall_n of_o a_o mosque_n which_o probable_o be_v the_o old_a temple_n of_o jupiter_n the_o thunderer_n who_o in_o other_o inscription_n be_v sometime_o style_v bronton_a fulgurans_fw-la tonans_fw-la fulgerator_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o which_o agathangelus_n erect_v a_o cupola_n and_o a_o bed_n of_o state_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o god_n and_o for_o the_o safety_n or_o recovery_n of_o his_o prince_n the_o name_n agathangelus_n occur_v elsewhere_o cn._n cossutius_n agathangelus_n in_o 1._o in_o 644._o 1._o gruter_n we_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o inhabitant_n of_o abila_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o decapolitan_a which_o will_v no_o long_o seem_v a_o difficulty_n if_o we_o remember_v that_o not_o only_a pliny_n aver_v 18._o l._n 5._o c._n 18._o that_o the_o geographer_n be_v not_o agree_v what_o particular_a city_n constitute_v the_o decapolitan_a region_n of_o syria_n though_o all_o confess_v the_o name_n to_o have_v be_v impose_v from_o the_o number_n of_o the_o city_n and_o that_o the_o tetrarche_n of_o trachonitis_n and_o paneas_n that_o abila_n and_o arca_n etc._n etc._n do_v intermix_v with_o and_o encircle_v that_o region_n but_o that_o ptolemy_n in_o express_a word_n if_o we_o may_v credit_v the_o palatine_a mss._n treat_v of_o the_o city_n of_o syriae_n caele_n among_o which_o he_o principal_o name_v heliopolis_n abila_n lysaniae_fw-la etc._n etc._n call_v they_o city_n of_o decapolis_n so_o that_o agathangelus_n as_o to_o his_o city_n be_v a_o inhabitant_n of_o abila_n but_o of_o the_o province_n or_o region_n of_o decapolis_n agathangelus_n be_v a_o very_a loyal_a subject_n though_o he_o live_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o court_n and_o for_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o prince_n build_v a_o cupola_n and_o set_v up_o a_o bed_n of_o state_n under_o it_o to_o jupiter_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d formix_v testudo_fw-la in_o the_o old_a glossary_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o hesychius_n the_o ancient_a bath_n be_v so_o adorn_v say_v pliny_n 2._o lib._n 2._o ep._n 2._o fenestras_fw-la è_fw-la region_fw-la conditor_fw-la binas_fw-la confinio_fw-la camerae_fw-la pendentis_fw-la admovit_fw-la ut_fw-la suscipientium_fw-la usui_fw-la fabrefactum_fw-la lacunar_fw-la aperiret_fw-la and_o the_o stadia_fw-la or_o palaestrae_fw-la for_o in_o one_o of_o they_o p._n licinius_n priscus_n build_v a_o piazza_n with_o several_a cupolà s_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sometime_o the_o tomb_n 79._o tomb_n oxon._n marm._n n._n 79._o so_o the_o tomb_n of_o nilus_n the_o oeconomus_fw-la of_o asia_n be_v adorn_v but_o particular_o temple_n and_o church_n so_o when_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n new_o build_v the_o trullus_n of_o the_o church_n of_o sancta_fw-la sophia_n and_o enlarge_v it_o thirty_o foot_n in_o circumference_n he_o add_v two_o cupola_n to_o it_o one_o towards_o the_o north_n the_o other_o to_o the_o south_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n thus_o augustus_n say_v of_o himself_o in_o the_o ancyran_n marble_n 2._o philip._n 2._o pulvinar_fw-la ad_fw-la circum_fw-la maximum_fw-la aedes_fw-la in_o capitolio_fw-la fici_fw-la and_o tully_n of_o m._n antony_n who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o priest_n of_o julius_n nec_fw-la majorem_fw-la honorem_fw-la caesar_n consecutus_fw-la est_fw-la ab_fw-la antonio_n quam_fw-la ut_fw-la haberet_fw-la pulvinar_fw-la simulachrum_fw-la fastigium_fw-la some_o author_n say_v that_o the_o tholus_n cupola_n be_v a_o place_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o camera_fw-la of_o the_o temple_n 9_o v._o guther_n jur_fw-fr pontif._n l._n 3._o c._n 9_o in_o which_o those_o who_o make_v vow_n hang_v up_o their_o offering_n other_o that_o the_o camera_n be_v above_o the_o cupola_n like_o our_o lantern_n so_o say_v philander_n other_o that_o the_o camera_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o cupola_n itself_o which_o be_v lessen_v by_o degree_n end_v in_o a_o point_n the_o lectisternia_fw-la be_v describe_v by_o 7._o by_o l._n 7._o arnobius_n habent_fw-la enim_fw-la dij_fw-la lectos_fw-la atque_fw-la ut_fw-la stratis_fw-la possint_fw-la mollioribus_fw-la incubare_fw-la pulvinorum_fw-la tollitur_fw-la atque_fw-la excitatur_fw-la impressio_fw-la the_o pagan_a devotion_n incline_v they_o to_o think_v that_o their_o god_n ought_v not_o to_o want_v any_o thing_n conducive_a to_o their_o ease_n and_o satisfaction_n hesyc_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d glossar_n vet_z pulvinar_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d agathangelus_n build_v his_o camera_n and_o furnish_v it_o with_o a_o bed_n to_o fulfil_v a_o vow_n he_o have_v make_v for_o the_o welfare_n of_o his_o prince_n gruter_n v._o gruter_n such_o vow_n common_o occur_v in_o the_o old_a inscription_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pro_fw-la salute_n &_o gloriâ_fw-la pro_fw-la salute_n itûs_fw-la ac_fw-la reditûs_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la pro_fw-la salute_n imp._n totiúsque_fw-la domûs_fw-la divinae_fw-la pro_fw-la salute_n &_o incolumitate_fw-la domûs_fw-la divinae_fw-la pro_fw-la salute_n &_o gloriâ_fw-la pro_fw-la aeternitare_fw-la imperii_fw-la &_o salute_v imperatoris_fw-la sometime_o they_o vow_v the_o building_n a_o new_a temple_n or_o the_o repair_v a_o old_a one_o sometime_o the_o adorn_v a_o temple_n with_o pillar_n and_o chapiters_n with_o porch_n or_o cupola_n at_o other_o time_n the_o offer_v of_o solemn_a and_o pompous_a sacrifice_n so_o c._n betonius_n the_o first_o priest_n of_o the_o emperor_n offer_v the_o tauropolium_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n of_o narbonne_n 12._o xxix_o 12._o for_o the_o safety_n of_o septimius_n severus_n and_o m._n aurelius_n antoninus_n caracallus_n his_o son_n for_o so_o the_o inscription_n must_v be_v read_v m._n aurel._n ant._n not_o m._n aureliani_n for_o what_o have_v the_o emperor_n aurelian_a to_o do_v with_o septimius_n severus_n and_o some_o roman_n be_v so_o over_o officious_a that_o when_o their_o prince_n be_v sick_a in_o expectance_n of_o a_o great_a reward_n 645._o dio._n l._n 59_o p._n 645._o they_o devote_v themselves_o to_o death_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o the_o emperor_n may_v recover_v so_o when_o caius_n caligula_n fall_v into_o a_o dangerous_a distemper_n p._n afranius_n potitus_n a_o plebeian_n bind_v himself_o by_o a_o oath_n that_o himself_o will_v die_v if_o caligula_n may_v be_v cure_v and_o atanius_n secundus_fw-la a_o man_n of_o the_o equestrian_a dignity_n promise_v to_o fight_v among_o the_o gladiator_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o the_o emperor_n be_v so_o sensible_a of_o the_o flattery_n that_o he_o compel_v they_o both_o to_o be_v as_o good_a as_o their_o promise_n we_o may_v adjust_a the_o time_n of_o this_o inscription_n by_o the_o date_n since_o the_o coin_n inform_v we_o that_o ann_n 132._o the_o 16_o of_o hadrian_n the_o senate_n and_o people_n of_o rome_n make_v vow_n for_o his_o health_n senatus_n populúsque_fw-la vota_fw-la suscepta_fw-la vota_fw-la publica_fw-la vota_fw-la publica_fw-la s._n c._n the_o same_o person_n in_o the_o year_n follow_v pay_v their_o thanks_o to_o jupiter_n for_o his_o recovery_n jupiter_n custos_fw-la jovi_fw-la custodi_fw-la s._n c._n to_o this_o jupiter_n on_o the_o same_o occasion_n agathangelus_n in_o syria_n make_v his_o vow_n some_o month_n after_o the_o roman_n have_v make_v they_o the_o distance_n from_o italy_n to_o that_o part_n of_o asia_n upon_o the_o euphrates_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v for_o 19_o the_o next_o inscription_n be_v singular_a as_o to_o its_o language_n and_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o fill_v up_o the_o void_a space_n thus_o conservatores_fw-la orbis_fw-la &_o propagatores_fw-la generis_fw-la humani_fw-la d._n d._n n._n n._n dioclesianus_n &_o maximianus_n invictissimi_fw-la imperatores_fw-la &_o constantius_n &_o maximianus_n nobiles_fw-la caesares_fw-la castra_n faeliciter_fw-la condiderunt_fw-la .._o ntes_n cassiano_n hieroclete_n viro_fw-la probo_fw-la praeside_fw-la provinciae_fw-la devoti_n numini_fw-la majestatique_fw-la eorum_fw-la i_o have_v insert_v the_o name_n of_o maximinus_n herculius_n because_o he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n the_o sole_a copartner_n of_o the_o empire_n with_o dioclesian_n i_o call_v they_o conservatores_fw-la orbis_fw-la and_o invictissimi_fw-la from_o their_o coin_n and_o i_o have_v change_v the_o praenomen_fw-la of_o hierocles_n into_o cassianus_n which_o be_v well_o know_v to_o be_v roman_a while_o ossianus_n no_o where_o
occur_v the_o time_n when_o the_o marble_n be_v erect_v have_v be_v already_o adjust_v 149_o p._n 148_o 149_o for_o then_o dioclesian_n build_v several_a castle_n upon_o the_o euphrates_n or_o rather_o than_o he_o build_v the_o castr_n caircesia_n for_o though_o it_o be_v a_o frontier_n castle_n before_o that_o time_n gordian_a when_o slay_v by_o philip_n have_v be_v bury_v there_o 5._o l._n 23._o c._n 5._o as_o capitolinus_n aver_v though_o am._n marcellinus_n who_o have_v be_v at_o the_o place_n say_v his_o tomb_n be_v not_o at_o circesium_n but_o at_o zaitha_n seven_o mile_n from_o it_o zosimus_n say_v it_o be_v at_o dura_n eutropius_n and_o rufus_n twenty_o mile_n from_o circesium_n yet_o it_o be_v so_o poor_a and_o weak_a a_o place_n say_v ammianus_n till_o dioclesian_n fortify_v it_o with_o strong_a wall_n and_o tower_n that_o for_o that_o reason_n he_o may_v be_v with_o justice_n say_v to_o have_v build_v the_o castle_n as_o those_o who_o have_v beautify_v decay_v city_n be_v common_o style_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o founder_n of_o those_o place_n 20._o in_o the_o ruin_n of_o briadeen_n the_o follow_a inscription_n be_v find_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v inscribe_v on_o a_o altar_n or_o some_o pillar_n of_o a_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o minerva_n lindia_n for_o so_o i_o will_v correct_v and_o read_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d consecratum_fw-la fuit_fw-la minerva_fw-la lindiae_fw-la à _fw-la materno_fw-la &_o pappo_fw-la &_o marco_n in_o honorem_fw-la deae_fw-la anno_fw-la 541._o h._n e._n 229._o christi_fw-la alexandri_fw-la severi_n 8._o that_o alexander_n severus_n be_v the_o darling_n of_o the_o east_n no_o man_n will_v doubt_v who_o consider_v that_o he_o be_v not_o only_o bear_v in_o syria_n but_o have_v make_v a_o victorious_a expedition_n into_o persia_n to_o secure_v the_o quiet_a of_o his_o native_a country_n and_o that_o for_o his_o illustrious_a quality_n he_o be_v deify_v in_o libanesia_n and_o palmyrene_n as_o well_o as_o at_o rome_n in_o his_o reign_n be_v the_o inscription_n set_v up_o at_o briadeen_n possible_o to_o fulfil_v a_o vow_n for_o his_o preservation_n in_o honour_n of_o minerva_n lindia_n lindus_n be_v rhodes_n say_v suidas_n 〈◊〉_d suidas_n v._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o name_n both_o of_o the_o island_n and_o city_n where_o minerva_n be_v worship_v with_o a_o extraordinary_a devotion_n the_o inhabitant_n sacrifice_v to_o her_o every_o day_n and_o every_o day_n make_v a_o feast_n in_o her_o temple_n 47._o narrat_fw-la 47._o conon_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o phaenician_o have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o rhodes_n be_v drive_v out_o by_o the_o carian_o and_o that_o the_o dorian_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o althaemenes_n dispose_v the_o carian_o and_o build_v three_o city_n in_o the_o island_n lindus_n jalysus_n and_o camirus_n which_o at_o last_o become_v one_o great_a city_n call_v rhodes_n after_o the_o name_n of_o the_o island_n and_o 1._o and_o l._n 2._o c._n 1._o apollodorus_n affirm_v that_o danaus_n have_v by_o the_o help_n of_o his_o daughter_n murder_v the_o son_n of_o his_o brother_n aegyptus_n be_v his_o own_o son_n in_o law_n build_v a_o ship_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o minerva_n in_o which_o himself_o and_o daughter_n flee_v out_o of_o egypt_n to_o rhodes_n where_o he_o dedicate_v the_o image_n of_o minerva_n lindia_n minerva_n say_v 277._o say_v fab._n 277._o hyginus_n build_v the_o ship_n for_o danaus_n the_o first_o of_o the_o kind_n that_o ever_o be_v see_v in_o greece_n say_v 7.46_o say_v 7.46_o pliny_n this_o voyage_n of_o danaus_n commence_v when_o erichthon_n be_v king_n at_o athens_n say_v the_o noble_a collection_n of_o epocha_n in_o the_o 9_o the_o n._n 9_o oxford-marble_n that_o his_o daughter_n amymone_n helice_n and_o archedice_n be_v choose_v by_o lot_n by_o the_o other_o sister_n build_v the_o temple_n upon_o the_o shoar_n in_o the_o maritime_a city_n of_o rhodes_n call_v lindus_n which_o say_v 655._o say_v l._n 14._o p._n 655._o strabo_n be_v situate_a towards_o the_o south_n especial_o towards_o alexandria_n for_o in_o that_o city_n as_o 227._o as_o l._n 5._o p._n 227._o diodorus_n siculus_n affirm_v he_o be_v hospitable_o receive_v and_o therefore_o build_v the_o temple_n and_o consecrate_v the_o statue_n there_o he_o lose_v three_o of_o his_o daughter_n who_o die_v of_o the_o pestilence_n which_o then_o rage_v at_o lindus_n the_o rest_n sail_v with_o their_o father_n to_o argos_n the_o same_o historian_n add_v that_o cadmus_n not_o long_o after_o offer_v several_a gift_n in_o that_o temple_n among_o which_o be_v a_o brass_n vessel_n make_v a_o l'antique_a with_o a_o inscription_n in_o phaenician_a character_n but_o if_o we_o may_v believe_v the_o noble_a marble_n cadmus_n sail_v to_o thebes_n eight_o year_n before_o danaus_n leave_v egypt_n so_o that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o story_n be_v a_o parachronism_n in_o diodorus_n a_o long_a time_n after_o danaus_n death_n amasis_n the_o king_n of_o egypt_n present_v the_o same_o minerva_n of_o lindus_n with_o two_o statue_n of_o stone_n 102._o herod_n l._n 2._o c._n 102._o and_o with_o a_o linen_n breastplate_n of_o admirable_a work_n thoraces_fw-la linei_fw-la be_v very_o usual_a among_o the_o ancient_a captain_n as_o 11._o as_o part._n 2._o l._n 4._o c._n 11._o ferrarius_fw-la unquestionable_o prove_v and_o minerva_n be_v a_o warlike_a goddess_n it_o be_v somewhat_o like_o our_o silkarmor_n because_o his_o country-woman_n build_v that_o temple_n which_o strabo_n say_v be_v in_o his_o time_n very_o illustrious_a and_o much_o frequent_v nor_o be_v she_o honour_v only_o in_o that_o country_n but_o in_o syria_n if_o we_o may_v credit_v the_o inscription_n in_o which_o i_o have_v put_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d though_o perhaps_o it_o shall_v be_v malchus_n hesyc_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 98.7_o 98.7_o in_o gruter_n 21._o at_o andreen_n which_o lie_v between_o briadeen_n and_o aleppo_n among_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o ancient_a church_n be_v find_v some_o break_a inscription_n the_o remain_v of_o the_o devotion_n of_o the_o christian_n of_o former_a age_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ...._o ego_fw-la johannes_n precatus_fw-la deum_fw-la assecutus_fw-la sum_fw-la quod_fw-la petii_fw-la &_o gratias_fw-la agens_fw-la deo_fw-la votum_fw-la solvi_fw-la ut_fw-la peccatis_fw-la meis_fw-la sit_fw-la propitius_fw-la over_o the_o southern_a door_n be_v write_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d porta_n haec_fw-la domini_fw-la justificat_fw-la intrantes_fw-la per_fw-la illam_fw-la over_o the_o western_a door_n which_o i_o will_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d christo_fw-la deo_fw-la optimo_fw-la maximo_fw-la these_o inscription_n do_v not_o need_v a_o commentary_n since_o nothing_o difficult_a occur_v in_o they_o but_o they_o can_v but_o raise_v a_o deep_a commiseration_n in_o all_o christian_n to_o see_v so_o many_o venerable_a remain_n of_o the_o ancient_a piety_n either_o convert_v into_o mosque_n or_o bury_v in_o their_o own_o ruin_n no_o church_n have_v in_o past_a time_n be_v more_o illustrious_a for_o religion_n and_o good_a letter_n than_o the_o oriental_a in_o which_o at_o this_o time_n there_o be_v but_o some_o few_o footstep_n of_o either_o the_o rest_n be_v overrun_v with_o barbarism_n and_o infidelity_n the_o next_o break_a inscription_n be_v also_o undoubted_o christian_n as_o those_o wherein_n θ_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d appear_v and_o i_o suppose_v contain_v the_o name_n of_o the_o eminent_a angel_n vriel_n raphael_n gabriel_n michael_n and_o perhaps_o the_o former_a inscription_n may_v be_v thus_o render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o a_o similar_v epigraphe_n in_o gruter_n 1048.2_o 1048.2_o for_o it_o be_v not_o unusual_a to_o affix_v the_o name_n of_o those_o holy_a angel_n upon_o the_o christian_a tomb_n out_o of_o opinion_n to_o engage_v they_o to_o be_v guardian_n of_o the_o sepulchre_n as_o the_o modern_a pretender_n to_o converse_v with_o spirit_n inscribe_v their_o name_n usual_o on_o their_o utensil_n so_o in_o the_o tomb_n of_o mary_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o emperor_n honorius_n on_o a_o plate_n be_v write_v these_o name_n michael_n gabriel_n raphael_n vriel_n 287.4_o id._n 287.4_o i_o have_v now_o do_v with_o the_o monument_n of_o this_o once_o famous_a country_n and_o because_o there_o be_v in_o every_o man_n a_o innate_a desire_n of_o live_v after_o he_o have_v leave_v this_o world_n though_o all_o man_n do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v another_o and_o that_o they_o desire_v when_o they_o be_v dead_a to_o be_v remember_v and_o well_o speak_v of_o that_o their_o action_n may_v not_o be_v confine_v to_o the_o same_o grave_a with_o their_o carcase_n i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o the_o
wise_a say_v of_o the_o roman_a orator_n that_o whenever_o we_o see_v such_o remain_n of_o venerable_a antiquity_n such_o last_a record_n of_o the_o name_n and_o achievement_n of_o great_a person_n we_o be_v admonish_v to_o take_v care_n so_o to_o regulate_v our_o action_n that_o we_o may_v convince_v the_o world_n we_o have_v settle_v our_o prospect_n upon_o the_o reward_n of_o future_a age_n and_o not_o on_o the_o flattery_n of_o the_o present_a and_o to_o remember_v that_o monument_n be_v erect_v to_o the_o memory_n of_o those_o who_o have_v live_v well_o in_o this_o world_n before_o they_o leave_v it_o put_v we_o in_o mind_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o here_o permanent_a and_o immutable_a and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o consider_v man_n to_o aspire_v towards_o immortality_n a_o short_a chronicle_n of_o palmyra_n palmyra_n 3010._o anno_fw-la per._n jul._n 3720_o mund._o 3010._o build_v by_o solomon_n after_o he_o have_v finish_v the_o temple_n and_o his_o own_o house_n which_o be_v 20_o year_n in_o building_n palmyra_n destroy_v by_o nabuchadnezzar_n 3415._o p._n j._n 4125._o m._n 3415._o before_o he_o lay_v siege_n to_o jerusalem_n marc._n antony_n 41._o p._n j._n 4673._o m._n 3963._o v._o c._n varr._n 713._o ante_fw-la christ_n 41._o after_o the_o battle_n of_o philippi_n go_v into_o asia_n and_o send_v his_o troop_n to_o pillage_n palmyra_n hadrian_n 122._o an._n christi_fw-la 122._o a_o imp._n 6._o go_v into_o the_o east_n rebuilt_a probable_o palmyra_n and_o call_v it_o hadrianople_n when_o malech_n agrippa_n be_v the_o second_o time_n secretary_n of_o that_o city_n circ_n 216_o palmyra_n make_v a_o roman_a colony_n by_o the_o emperor_n caracallus_n in_o his_o expedition_n into_o parthia_n the_o republic_n of_o palmyra_n assist_v alexander_n severus_n against_o artaxerxes_n king_n of_o persia_n zenobius_n be_v their_o general_n the_o republic_n assist_v gordian_n against_o the_o persian_n zenobius_n be_v their_o general_n valerian_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o sapores_fw-la king_n of_o persia_n odenathus_n rout_v the_o persian_n and_o be_v declare_v emperor_n by_o gallienus_n odenathus_n with_o his_o son_n herodian_a slay_v by_o maeonius_n maeonius_n the_o ephemerous_a emperor_n of_o palmyra_n slay_v a_o few_o day_n after_o then_o zenobia_n assume_v the_o empire_n in_o her_o own_o name_n and_o her_o son_n zenobia_n rout_v heraclianus_n gallienus_n be_v general_n vaballathus_n take_v the_o empire_n gallienus_n slay_v claudius_n choose_a emperor_n zenobia_n conquer_v egypt_n by_o her_o general_n zabdas_n claudius_n die_v quintillus_n reign_v 16_o day_n aurelian_a in_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o year_n be_v choose_v emperor_n palmyra_n take_v and_o ruin_v by_o aurelian_a and_o longinus_n slay_v a_o â…š_n of_o vaballathus_n zenobia_n carry_v in_o triumph_n at_o rome_n hierocles_n governor_n of_o palmyrene_n under_o dioclesian_n justinian_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n repair_v and_o fortify_v palmyra_n palmyra_n be_v subject_v by_o the_o mahometan_n jabala_n the_o son_n of_o al_n iham_n be_v then_o lord_n of_o tadhmur_n and_o king_n of_o gassan_n the_o battle_n of_o tadhmur_n between_o dahacus_n and_o adis_n saleiman_n the_o pseudo-caliph_n beat_v by_o merwan_n flee_v to_o tadhmur_v benjamin_n in_o tudelensis_n be_v at_o tadhmur_n melhom_n the_o emîr_n or_o prince_n of_o tadhmur_n when_o the_o english_a merchant_n make_v their_o first_o journey_n thither_o hassine_n the_o emîr_n when_o the_o english_a merchant_n go_v thither_o the_o second_o time_n dôr_n the_o emîr_n of_o tadhmur_fw-la addition_n and_o emendation_n page_n 193._o add_v after_o sociam_fw-la nasorus_n be_v the_o same_o name_n with_o nasir_n abunasir_n abdolnasir_n nasireddin_n which_o frequent_o occur_v in_o the_o saraccnick_a history_n as_o do_v amrus_n in_o the_o same_o history_n and_o in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o king_n of_o gessan_n in_o our_o learned_a pocock_n sochaeis_n the_o same_o with_o sychaeus_n the_o husband_n of_o dido_n sampsus_n etc._n etc._n p._n 240._o l._n 6._o after_o harpocration_n add_v though_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v probable_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n or_o decurio_fw-la at_o ancyra_n p._n 301._o l._n 3._o after_o grammar_n add_v perhaps_o for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d we_o shall_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d though_o mr._n h._n positive_o aver_v that_o it_o be_v write_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o monument_n and_o then_o elabelus_n mannaeus_fw-la sochaeis_n and_o malchus_n be_v all_o the_o son_n of_o vaballathus_n grand_a son_n of_o mannaeus_fw-la great-grand_a son_n of_o elabelus_n set_v up_o that_o monument_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o child_n or_o rather_o to_o assert_v the_o true_a read_n erect_v that_o tomb_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o their_o father_n vaballathus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o to_o themselves_o and_o other_o if_o there_o be_v any_o his_o child_n this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o old_a inscription_n at_o palmyra_n erect_v anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 102._o the_o 5_o of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n trajan_n palma_n his_o governor_n of_o syria_n have_v some_o few_o year_n before_o reduce_v that_o part_n of_o arabia_n under_o the_o roman_a power_n say_v dio._n l._n 68_o â—hich_v age_n no_o other_o monument_n exceed_v beside_o misaccenting_n wrong_a pointing_n misplace_v of_o letter_n and_o other_o little_a fault_n the_o reader_n be_v desire_v before_o he_o enter_v upon_o the_o book_n to_o correct_v the_o follow_a errata_fw-la page_n 8._o l._n 17._o preserve_v p._n 17._o deal_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d p._n 20._o l._n 14._o del_o m._n l._n 26._o r._n nice_a p._n 22._o l._n 21._o when_o p._n 28._o l._n 6._o a_o state_n p._n 35._o l._n 12._o r._n happen_v to_o fall_v sick_a l._n 21._o 22._o r._n for_o in_o the_o seventeen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n p._n 36._o l._n 3._o r._n who_o live_v some_o year_n after_o languish_v p._n 48._o marg._n petri._n p._n 55._o l._n 15._o f._n for_o r._n but._n p._n 58._o l._n 3._o del_o he_o p._n 59_o r._n a_o 264._o p._n 62._o l._n 9_o enrage_v p._n 72._o l._n 2._o r._n after_o which_o a_o 268._o p._n 73._o for_o probable_o r._n doubtless_o p._n 86._o del_o the_o marg._n note_v and_o insert_v it_o p._n 87._o p._n 118_o l._n 6._o r._n marcellinus_n l._n 8._o in_o the_o first_o year_n p._n 121._o ch_z xxvii_o p._n 131._o l._n 11._o r._n declare_v his_o partner_n in_o the_o empire_n p._n 139._o caenophrurium_fw-la p._n 140._o del_o in_o all_o probability_n p._n 149._o l._n 5._o r._n wash_v p._n 166._o l._n 17._o del_o a._n p._n 193._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d p._n 196._o heraclas_n 201._o julius_n 219._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ib._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 221._o l._n 26._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 238._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 12._o bring_v p._n 239._o l._n 14._o r._n five_o 248._o l._n 16._o del_o jaribolus_n and._n p._n 249._o l._n 26._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 251._o l._n 12._o r._n xiphiline_n and_o del_o the_o marg._n note_n p._n 254._o l._n 2._o the_o emp._n marry_a urania_n to_o his_o country_n god_n elagabalus_n the_o moon_n be_v the_o fit_a wise_n for_o the_o sun_n 263._o l._n 29._o grandmother_n p._n 270._o marg._n de_fw-fr deá_fw-fr syr._n ed._n ult_n 293._o l._n 6._o transcribe_v 299._o l._n 4._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 302._o l._n 13._o five_o ib._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o pani_n l._n 17._o chr._n 138._o p._n 304._o marg._n l._n 2._o chil_fw-la 310._o l._n 9_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 311._o call_v he_o 312._o r._n the_o same_o year_n viz._n the_o four_o of_o alex._n 313._o l._n 22._o r._n 226._o p._n 317._o l._n 3._o command_v and_o assist_v 325._o emesa_n 332._o l._n 2._o person_n 345._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 348._o sonat_fw-la ib_fw-la lotus_fw-la 350._o l._n 27._o and_o then_o 353._o l._n 7._o anton_n tertio_fw-la 360._o l._n pen._n in_o gr._n 364._o l._n 15._o del_o and._n 365._o tetrarchy_n ib._n syria_n ib._n fornix_n p._n 366._o feci_fw-la finis_fw-la
argentum_fw-la ad_fw-la ludos_fw-la commodare_fw-la l._n 28._o d._n de_fw-fr auro_fw-la argento_fw-la etc._n etc._n aedile_n plebis_fw-la ludorum_fw-la maximè_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la creatos_fw-la vid._n gronou._n observe_v l._n 4._o c._n 21._o that_o the_o same_o person_n who_o furnish_v the_o expense_n be_v the_o precedent_n and_o judge_n of_o the_o game_n both_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d who_o if_o the_o whole_a province_n meet_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o country_n call_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o there_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o ruffinus_n in_o his_o version_n of_o the_o martyrdom_n of_o st._n polycarp_n render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o eusebius_n greek_n by_o munerarius_fw-la the_o person_n who_o manage_v the_o expense_n of_o the_o spectacula_fw-la very_o proper_o this_o generosity_n make_v so_o deep_a and_o last_a a_o impression_n upon_o the_o populace_n who_o be_v general_o lead_v by_o appearance_n cxxi_o reinesii-inscript_a class_n 6._o n._n cxxi_o and_o satisfy_v with_o show_n that_o they_o often_o erect_v monument_n to_o the_o memory_n of_o their_o benefactor_n for_o this_o very_a reason_n so_o the_o city_n of_o taenarium_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o sparta_n celebrate_v the_o glory_n of_o tiberius_n claudius_n charito_fw-la in_o this_o noble_a inscription_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d f._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hoc_fw-la est_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d subaudi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o city_n of_o the_o taenarians_n have_v honour_v tiberius_n claudius_n charito_fw-la their_o most_o excellent_a citizen_n for_o his_o great_a prudence_n and_o his_o unspeakable_a magnificence_n when_o he_o be_v the_o aedile_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o their_o city_n this_o monument_n be_v erect_v by_o the_o order_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n 146._o use_v groâ—vii_n memor_fw-la cosson_n â—_o 146._o in_o like_a manner_n claudius_n paulinus_n be_v reward_v by_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n of_o smyrna_n for_o i_o conjecture_v that_o the_o marble_n find_v in_o that_o city_n belong_v to_o it_o with_o a_o noble_a monument_n erect_v to_o the_o memory_n of_o his_o daughter_n because_o he_o he_o have_v be_v the_o general_n of_o their_o horse_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o their_o council_n their_o aedilis_fw-la and_o questor_n and_o precedent_n of_o their_o senate_n 106._o senate_n hesychius_n give_v another_o sense_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d id._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d well_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d id._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d v._o not._n in_o par_fw-fr 1._o marm_n oxon._n p._n 106._o which_o last_o be_v the_o high_a civil_a honour_n he_o can_v attain_v to_o panegyric_n plin._n panegyric_n for_o even_o at_o rome_n the_o consul_n preside_v in_o the_o senate_n when_o the_o emperor_n be_v present_a if_o the_o emperor_n himself_o be_v not_o consul_n thus_o the_o city_n of_o antioch_n erect_v a_o marble_n statue_n in_o daphne_n to_o artabanus_n one_o of_o their_o citizen_n 381._o malel_n par_fw-fr 1._o lib._n 12._o p._n 381._o who_o be_v the_o first_o syriarcha_fw-la who_o preside_v over_o the_o olympic_a game_n celebrate_v in_o that_o city_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n commodus_n with_o this_o inscription_n to_o the_o eternal_a memory_n of_o artaban_n and_o thus_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n of_o palmyra_n among_o the_o other_o achievement_n of_o jullus_n aurelius_n zenobius_n and_o of_o septimius_n orodes_n celebrate_v they_o that_o they_o have_v magnificent_o and_o splendid_o discharge_v this_o office_n particular_o zenobius_n that_o he_o manage_v that_o province_n when_o he_o undertake_v it_o with_o a_o extraordinary_a liberality_n for_o they_o distinguish_v between_o what_o be_v do_v at_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o public_a and_o come_v out_o of_o the_o treasury_n and_o what_o be_v expend_v by_o the_o officer_n out_o of_o his_o own_o coffer_n and_o themselves_o take_v care_n if_o the_o commonwealth_n do_v not_o to_o record_v this_o circumstance_n 109._o transact_v p._n 99_o 103_o 109._o so_o bolanus_n be_v say_v to_o have_v build_v a_o altar_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o his_o own_o charge_n and_o agathangelus_n to_o have_v erect_v a_o canopy_n and_o a_o bed_n of_o state_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 105._o vid._n pag._n 105._o and_o so_o septimius_n be_v say_v to_o have_v supply_v the_o company_n or_o caravan_n of_o traveller_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o mareade_v 390._o malel_n par_fw-fr 1._o p._n 390._o who_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o magistrate_n of_o antioch_n be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o gallienus_n by_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o whole_a senate_n and_o people_n eject_v out_o of_o the_o government_n because_o whatever_o party_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o provide_v for_o in_o the_o public_a horserace_n he_o not_o only_o refuse_v to_o lay_v out_o any_o money_n of_o his_o own_o but_o cheat_v the_o public_a of_o what_o be_v destine_v by_o the_o city_n to_o those_o diversion_n the_o emperor_n afterward_o enact_v that_o whosoever_o be_v appoint_v to_o inspect_v the_o ludi_fw-la circenses_fw-la 20._o l._n 10._o tit_n 31._o §._o 20._o which_o be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o duumviri_fw-la and_o alienate_v or_o divert_v to_o another_o use_n any_o part_n of_o the_o revenue_n destine_v to_o that_o service_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o refund_v this_o disgrace_n occasion_v his_o fly_n to_o sapores_fw-la the_o king_n of_o persia_n in_o those_o dissolute_a time_n to_o who_o he_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o unhappy_a state_n of_o his_o native_a country_n and_o the_o carelessness_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o occasion_v the_o ruin_n of_o that_o noble_a city_n as_o be_v already_o mention_v the_o traitor_n himself_o be_v sacrifice_v by_o that_o very_a prince_n who_o he_o have_v invite_v into_o syria_n to_o the_o angry_a mane_n of_o his_o abuse_a country_n behead_v say_v malela_n burn_v alive_a say_v sup_n say_v vbi_fw-la sup_n ammianus_n marcellinus_n and_o 4._o and_o oeconomic_a c._n 4._o xenophon_n introduce_v socrates_n instruct_v critobulus_n as_o to_o what_o will_v be_v expect_v from_o a_o man_n of_o his_o figure_n and_o fortune_n at_o athens_n after_o he_o have_v inform_v he_o that_o he_o must_v very_o frequent_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o noble_a sacrifice_n and_o magnificent_a entertainment_n and_o feast_n he_o add_v that_o it_o will_v be_v expect_v from_o he_o that_o he_o will_v be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v horse_n for_o the_o public_a race_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o if_o he_o shall_v ever_o refuse_v so_o to_o treat_v the_o citizen_n they_o will_v punish_v he_o as_o severe_o as_o if_o he_o have_v rob_v their_o house_n so_o passionate_o be_v the_o people_n of_o those_o age_n and_o country_n addict_v to_o the_o spectacula_fw-la and_o so_o much_o do_v they_o think_v they_o their_o due_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o senator_n of_o palmyra_n be_v man_n of_o eminence_n and_o condition_n and_o the_o most_o honourable_a member_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o therefore_o be_v style_v in_o the_o inscription_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d most_o illustrious_a but_o of_o those_o senator_n some_z i_o conjecture_v be_v a_o stand_a council_n of_o state_n as_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v at_o athens_n and_o in_o most_o commonwealth_n some_o similar_v court_n for_o rupilius_n orodes_n be_v say_v to_o be_v both_o a_o senator_n and_o a_o counsellor_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o that_o as_o the_o 46._o the_o v._o marm._n oxon._n n._n 46._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v distinguish_v at_o athens_n so_o at_o palmyra_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d have_v their_o distinction_n for_o as_o the_o roman_n have_v their_o senate_n so_o other_o city_n have_v they_o their_o court_n of_o alderman_n who_o govern_v the_o people_n their_o duumviri_fw-la represent_v the_o consul_n of_o which_o senator_n some_o be_v eminent_a and_o principal_a for_o authority_n and_o influence_n and_o such_o probable_o be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o palmyra_n man_n who_o have_v bear_v the_o office_n of_o the_o duumvirate_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v not_o only_o of_o the_o senatorian_n 140._o memor_n cosson_n marm._n 2._o p._n 140._o but_o consular_a dignity_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o it_o be_v word_v in_o another_o inscription_n the_o name_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o must_v be_v confess_v be_v common_o give_v to_o every_o member_n of_o that_o court_n so_o the_o old_a glossary_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d decurio_fw-la curialis_fw-la call_v decuriones_fw-la because_o whenever_o the_o colony_n or_o municipia_fw-la be_v establish_v and_o the_o government_n