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hoen_n ho_o or_o the_o muddy_a river_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o rapidness_n of_o its_o stream_n carry_v along_o with_o it_o a_o world_n of_o earth_n that_o render_v it_o all_o the_o year_n long_o thick_a and_o muddy_a he_o say_v that_o this_o bridge_n have_v four_o and_o twenty_o arch_n whereas_o it_o have_v but_o thirteen_o and_o that_o several_a vessel_n sail_v upon_o this_o river_n which_o be_v impossible_a for_o though_o it_o be_v very_o well_o fill_v with_o water_n it_o be_v not_o navigable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o fall_n wind_n and_o rock_n of_o which_o it_o be_v full_a but_o that_o which_o carry_v m._n paulus_n into_o these_o mistake_v be_v this_o that_o about_o three_o league_n far_o towards_o the_o west_n there_o be_v another_o river_n and_o another_o bridge_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o arch_n of_o which_o there_o be_v five_o in_o the_o middle_n vault_v the_o rest_n be_v flat_a and_o cover_v with_o long_a and_o very_a broad_a table_n of_o marble_n very_o well_o wrought_v and_o cut_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o bridge_n the_o column_n be_v to_o be_v see_v of_o which_o m._n paulus_n speak_v in_o his_o description_n the_o river_n be_v call_v cieu_o li_n hô_o or_o the_o river_n of_o glass_n because_o it_o be_v clear_a quiet_a and_o navigable_a and_o thus_o you_o see_v the_o author_n mistake_v one_o bridge_n for_o the_o other_o the_o first_o be_v the_o fair_a in_o china_n and_o perhaps_o the_o fair_a in_o the_o world_n for_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o workmanship_n and_o the_o material_n of_o which_o it_o be_v make_v it_o be_v all_o of_o white_a marble_n very_o fine_a and_o well_o wrought_v according_a to_o the_o perfect_a rule_n of_o architecture_n on_o the_o side_n stand_v a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o pillar_n of_o support_n allow_v seventy_o to_o each_o side_n they_o be_v a_o pace_n and_o a_o half_a distant_a one_o from_o another_o and_o the_o space_n between_o fill_v up_o with_o square_a pane_n of_o marble_n carve_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o flower_n fruitage_n bird_n and_o other_o creature_n a_o piece_n of_o workmanship_n no_o less_o magnificent_a then_o perfect_a and_o to_o be_v admire_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o bridge_n towards_o the_o east_n there_o be_v two_o fair_a pedestal_n raise_v high_a and_o cover_v with_o table_n of_o marble_n upon_o which_o be_v two_o lion_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a size_n and_o carve_v as_o the_o chineses_n represent_v they_o between_o the_o leg_n upon_o the_o back_n side_n and_o breast_n of_o these_o figure_n be_v cut_v in_o the_o same_o marble_n several_a young_a lion_n in_o several_a posture_n some_o slight_o fasten_v to_o the_o lion_n some_o rampant_a other_o couchant_a some_o descend_v some_o ascend_v with_o a_o surprise_v beauty_n and_o delicacy_n at_o the_o other_o end_n towards_o the_o west_n be_v to_o be_v see_v upon_o two_o pedestal_n two_o elephant_n both_o of_o the_o same_o marble_n wrought_v with_o as_o much_o art_n and_o perfection_n as_o the_o lion_n m._n paulus_n forget_v to_o make_v mention_n either_o of_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o unless_o perhaps_o they_o may_v be_v add_v afterward_o however_o the_o chineses_n aver_v that_o this_o bridge_n be_v build_v two_o thousand_o year_n ago_o without_o have_v sustain_v the_o least_o damage_n in_o all_o that_o time_n till_o our_o day_n but_o upon_o the_o vigil_n of_o st._n laurence_n day_n in_o the_o year_n 1668._o after_o a_o extraordinary_a drought_n which_o have_v last_v all_o that_o year_n it_o begin_v to_o rain_v and_o the_o rain_n continue_v day_n and_o night_n till_o the_o sixteen_o of_o august_n with_o so_o much_o violence_n as_o if_o whole_a river_n have_v pour_v down_o from_o heaven_n the_o seventeen_o of_o august_n about_o eight_o of_o the_o
clock_n in_o the_o morning_n of_o a_o sudden_a there_o come_v a_o deluge_n that_o overflow_v the_o new_a city_n the_o suburb_n and_o the_o plane_n adjoin_v present_o they_o shut_v up_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o old_a city_n and_o stop_v up_o all_o the_o hole_n and_o cleft_n with_o chalk_n and_o bitumen_n mingle_v together_o to_o prevent_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o new_a city_n be_v overturn_v and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o poor_a creature_n especial_o woman_n and_o child_n be_v either_o drown_v or_o bury_v in_o the_o ruin_n a_o great_a number_n of_o village_n and_o house_n of_o pleasure_n be_v carry_v away_o by_o the_o impetuosity_n of_o the_o inundation_n and_o the_o same_o thing_n happen_v to_o the_o neighbour_a city_n all_o the_o people_n flee_v for_o refuge_n to_o the_o high_a place_n or_o climb_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tree_n where_o several_a confound_v with_o their_o fear_n or_o faint_v for_o want_n of_o food_n drop_v down_o into_o the_o water_n and_o miserable_o perish_v in_o other_o province_n their_o happen_v accident_n and_o calamity_n yet_o more_o strange_a occasion_v by_o dreadful_a earthquake_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o pleasure_n of_o god_n to_o punish_v those_o insidel_n for_o the_o persecution_n which_o they_o have_v raise_v against_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o the_o preacher_n of_o the_o gospel_n never_o be_v â—…en_o the_o like_a consternation_n in_o that_o court_n where_o all_o man_n be_v reduce_v to_o utmost_a despair_n not_o be_v able_a to_o divine_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o extraordinary_a a_o deluge_n at_o last_o the_o king_n have_v send_v out_o certain_a people_n upon_o raft_n of_o timber_n for_o they_o have_v no_o boat_n at_o pekim_n to_o examine_v the_o reason_n they_o find_v that_o the_o trouble_a river_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o make_v mention_n have_v break_v down_o the_o dam_n and_o make_v itself_o a_o new_a channel_n across_o the_o field_n and_o suburb_n of_o the_o city_n which_o beget_v such_o a_o amaze_a fear_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o people_n that_o the_o king_n and_o the_o grandee_n be_v just_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o remove_v to_o some_o other_o place_n the_o same_o fury_n of_o the_o inundation_n carry_v away_o several_a rock_n which_o knock_v against_o the_o pile_n of_o the_o famous_a bridge_n shake_v it_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o break_v down_o two_o of_o the_o arch_n the_o five_o proof_n be_v that_o m._n paulus_n in_o the_o thirty_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o book_n speak_v of_o that_o great_a river_n which_o the_o tartar_n call_v caramoran_n and_o the_o chinese_n hoâm_n hô_o or_o the_o yellow_a river_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o slimy_a mud_n which_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o make_v the_o water_n to_o look_v of_o that_o colour_n in_o the_o thirty_o six_o chapter_n he_o make_v mention_n of_o another_o river_n which_o he_o call_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n o_o kiam_fw-la or_o the_o great_a river_n and_o which_o the_o chineses_n as_o we_o have_v say_v already_o call_v yam_n cu_z kiam_fw-la or_o the_o river_n son_n of_o the_o sea._n in_o the_o thirty_o six_o chapter_n describe_v the_o city_n which_o he_o call_v kimsai_n and_o which_o erroneous_o he_o will_v have_v to_o signify_v the_o city_n of_o heaven_n though_o the_o word_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o signify_v a_o court_n he_o report_v several_a particular_n concern_v it_o for_o example_n that_o the_o city_n be_v seat_v between_o a_o great_a lake_n and_o a_o great_a river_n and_o that_o round_a about_o the_o lake_n be_v to_o be_v see_v several_a palace_n of_o the_o grandee_n and_o divers_a temple_n of_o the_o bonze_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v very_o true_a only_o that_o he_o stretch_v too_o far_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o city_n be_v a_o hundred_o mile_n in_o circuit_n wherein_o he_o show_v himself_o rather_o a_o poet_n then_o a_o historian_n however_o it_o be_v the_o description_n which_o he_o make_v of_o the_o city_n and_o palace_n of_o cambalu_n sufficient_o demonstrate_v that_o catai_n be_v a_o part_n of_o china_n and_o that_o what_o he_o say_v of_o the_o city_n of_o kimsai_n be_v enough_o to_o prove_v that_o mangi_n be_v another_o part_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n for_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o relation_n be_v entire_o conformable_a to_o what_o we_o ourselves_o have_v see_v yet_o if_o m._n paulus_n have_v understand_v the_o chinese_n language_n as_o he_o say_v he_o understand_v that_o of_o the_o tartar_n he_o have_v with_o more_o exactness_n set_v down_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n and_o province_n and_o other_o particular_n which_o he_o report_v concern_v that_o empire_n but_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n he_o shall_v so_o often_o corrupt_a the_o name_n since_o we_o ourselves_o who_o upon_o our_o first_o arrival_n apply_v ourselves_o with_o all_o the_o industry_n imaginable_a to_o understand_v the_o chinese_n letter_n and_o language_n after_o the_o study_n of_o several_a year_n be_v frequent_o deceive_v and_o quite_o mistake_v some_o part_n of_o the_o word_n so_o that_o we_o must_v not_o be_v surprise_v if_o a_o knight_n who_o only_o mind_v his_o military_a design_n and_o to_o court_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o great_a have_fw-mi and_o only_o converse_v with_o the_o tartar_n who_o for_o want_v of_o politeness_n be_v the_o great_a corrupter_n of_o word_n above_o other_o nation_n shall_v fall_v into_o the_o same_o inconuènience_n for_o he_o have_v corrupt_v name_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o among_o we_o who_o have_v the_o great_a knowledge_n of_o the_o language_n and_o the_o empire_n have_v much_o ado_n to_o pick_v out_o the_o meaning_n of_o many_o of_o he_o mistake_v nevertheless_o by_o a_o strict_a examination_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n and_o other_o circumstance_n of_o his_o relation_n we_o at_o length_n find_v out_o what_o he_o intend_v father_n martin_n martini_n so_o famous_a for_o his_o atlas_n of_o china_n as_o witty_a and_o ingenious_a as_o he_o be_v can_v not_o exempt_v himself_o from_o commit_v the_o like_a error_n insomuch_o that_o we_o who_o have_v reside_v in_o this_o empire_n for_o so_o many_o year_n have_v find_v it_o very_o difficult_a to_o understand_v the_o person_n and_o the_o place_n of_o which_o he_o speak_v especial_o in_o the_o name_n that_o ought_v to_o terminate_v in_o m_n and_o which_o he_o always_o end_v in_o ng._n for_o example_n instead_o of_o say_n pekim_n nankim_n chekîam_n yûmlie_o cûmchîm_n he_o always_o write_v peking_n nank_v chekiang_n yeunglie_o cungch_v wherein_o he_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v deceive_v because_o that_o manner_n of_o writing_n do_v no_o way_n correspond_v with_o the_o chinese_n pronunciation_n which_o answer_v to_o that_o of_o our_o m._n and_o not_o of_o ng_z nor_o will_v it_o avail_v to_o say_v that_o the_o german_n pronounce_v i'm_n open_a with_o a_o soft_a production_n of_o the_o sound_n almost_o like_o ng_z because_o they_o express_v it_o somewhat_o through_o the_o nose_n for_o that_o the_o letter_n m_o whether_o pronunce_v open_a or_o close_o have_v always_o a_o much_o great_a correspondence_n with_o the_o chinese_n and_o latin_a pronunciation_n than_o the_o letter_n ng._n so_o much_o the_o more_o because_o the_o german_n pronounce_v i_o be_o final_a open_a rather_o like_a in_o or_o en_fw-fr then_o in_o or_o em._n so_o that_o indeed_o this_o reason_n may_v have_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n pardonable_a have_v the_o father_n write_v in_o high-dutch_a or_o only_o to_o the_o german_n but_o have_v write_v in_o latin_a and_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o all_o europe_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v conform_v to_o the_o most_o exact_a and_o common_a pronunciation_n philip_n cluverius_n in_o his_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o six_o book_n make_v a_o doubt_n whether_o the_o city_n of_o kimsai_n of_o which_o m._n polo_n make_v mention_n in_o his_o sixty_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n wâ—…re_v the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n of_o tartary_n or_o the_o king_n of_o china_n he_o also_o with_o good_a reason_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o hyperbole_n which_o m._n polo_n make_v we_o in_o describe_v the_o say_a city_n of_o kimsai_n for_o the_o resolve_v of_o which_o difficulty_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o observe_v that_o instead_o of_o kimsai_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v write_v kimsu_n the_o master_n court._n for_o that_o kim_n signify_v a_o court_n and_o sum_z a_o master_n the_o court_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o model_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n kimsai_n then_o or_o kimsu_n be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o family_n of_o sum_n who_o the_o western_a tartar_n despoil_v of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o m._n polo_n a_o hundred_o year_n after_o that_o nankim_n and_o
a_o new_a history_n of_o china_n contain_v a_o description_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a particular_n of_o that_o uast_o empire_n write_a by_o gabriel_n magaillans_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n missionary_n apostolic_a do_v out_o of_o french._n london_n print_v for_o thomas_n newborough_n at_o the_o golden_a ball_n in_o s._n paul_n churchyard_n 1688._o the_o preface_n for_o these_o hundred_o year_n last_o pass_v there_o have_v be_v print_v such_o a_o great_a number_n of_o relation_n of_o china_n that_o they_o who_o have_v read_v they_o will_v perhaps_o believe_v too_o ready_o that_o they_o can_v receive_v no_o new_a information_n from_o this_o however_o my_o confidence_n be_v such_o that_o if_o they_o will_v but_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o read_v it_o they_o will_v hardly_o find_v therein_o any_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v read_v before_o in_o other_o china_n be_v a_o country_n so_o vast_a so_o rich_a so_o fertile_a and_o so_o temperate_a the_o multitude_n of_o the_o people_n so_o infinite_a their_o industry_n in_o manufacture_n and_o their_o policy_n in_o government_n so_o extraordinary_a that_o it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v that_o ever_o since_o the_o undertake_n of_o long_a voyage_n there_o be_v never_o any_o discovery_n make_v that_o may_v stand_v in_o competition_n with_o this_o kingdom_n these_o be_v thing_n know_v to_o all_o the_o world_n and_o so_o there_o need_v not_o much_o more_o to_o be_v say_v to_o make_v the_o learned_a apprehensive_a that_o the_o subject_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o fill_v many_o more_o volume_n than_o yet_o be_v extant_a and_o to_o employ_v the_o most_o able_a and_o judicious_a writer_n to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o among_o all_o the_o great_a number_n of_o relation_n that_o have_v be_v print_v upon_o this_o subject_a there_o be_v few_o that_o merit_v public_a reputation_n or_o that_o have_v be_v write_v with_o a_o design_n to_o inform_v we_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a particular_n of_o that_o vast_a empire_n the_o relation_n of_o ferdinand_n mendez_n pinto_n in_o all_o other_o place_n where_o he_o do_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o portugal_n affair_n be_v stuff_v with_o fable_n and_o chimera_n which_o he_o have_v invent_v with_o a_o most_o wonderful_a fertility_n of_o imagination_n and_o which_o he_o have_v season_v with_o so_o many_o circumstance_n and_o study_a discourse_n to_o persuade_v and_o prepare_v the_o belief_n of_o his_o reader_n that_o there_o be_v several_a person_n who_o take_v they_o for_o real_a truth_n but_o those_o be_v error_n now_o not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v regard_v see_v that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o nation_n of_o europe_n have_v give_v we_o very_o exact_a and_o sincere_a description_n of_o china_n and_o many_o other_o country_n of_o which_o that_o author_n speak_v for_o example_n he_o say_v that_o the_o city_n of_o nan_n kim_n which_o be_v know_v to_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o smooth_a and_o level_a plain_n be_v situate_v upon_o a_o mountain_n that_o the_o river_n of_o kiam_fw-la which_o run_v through_o it_o and_o be_v call_v barampina_fw-la come_v from_o pe_fw-la kim_n and_o the_o great_a tartary_n that_o china_n contain_v thirty_o two_o kingdom_n that_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n be_v thirty_o large_a league_n in_o compass_n whereas_o it_o be_v not_o above_o four_o in_o circuit_n or_o five_o at_o most_o take_v in_o the_o new_a city_n that_o it_o have_v three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o gate_n a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o canal_n of_o three_o fathom_v deep_a and_o twelve_o broad_a and_o eighteen_o hundred_o bridge_n of_o freestone_n whereas_o there_o be_v only_o nine_o gate_n and_o one_o small_a river_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o that_o in_o one_o single_a prison_n of_o two_o league_n square_a there_o be_v keep_v three_o hundred_o thousand_o prisoner_n appoint_v still_o for_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o great_a wall_n that_o there_o be_v other_o building_n also_o to_o be_v see_v as_o wonderful_a or_o as_o extravagant_a and_o one_o among_o the_o rest_n of_o a_o league_n in_o circuit_n build_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o pretend_a river_n of_o barampina_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o the_o king_n of_o tartary_n come_v and_o sit_v down_o before_o pekim_n with_o twelve_o hundred_o thousand_o foot_n six_o hundred_o thousand_o horse_n seventeen_o thousand_o ship_n and_o fourscore_o thousand_o rhinoceroces_n that_o carry_v the_o baggage_n belong_v to_o the_o army_n and_o that_o the_o same_o king_n lose_v in_o six_o month_n and_o a_o half_a above_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o men._n i_o can_v give_v a_o account_n of_o several_a other_o of_o his_o fable_n particular_o of_o what_o he_o tell_v we_o of_o two_o pretend_a emperor_n both_o of_o equal_a puissance_n siammon_n and_o calaminban_n the_o first_o of_o which_o have_v in_o his_o empire_n seven_o hundred_o province_n fifty_o thousand_o elephant_n and_o eighteen_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o soldier_n in_o continual_a pay_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o none_o but_o this_o author_n ever_o hear_v of_o but_o i_o shall_v forbear_v to_o make_v any_o long_o stop_v upon_o these_o fable_n and_o story_n which_o there_o be_v no_o man_n but_o will_v be_v ashamed_a to_o believe_v more_o especial_o since_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o shadow_n of_o truth_n in_o any_o thing_n that_o he_o say_v of_o the_o island_n of_o calempluy_fw-fr or_o in_o what_o he_o report_v concern_v the_o language_n name_n manner_n and_o government_n of_o the_o chinese_n the_o relation_n of_o f._n gonzalez_n de_fw-fr mendoza_n be_v true_a and_o sincere_a as_o to_o what_o he_o recount_v of_o the_o the_o travel_n of_o martin_n de_fw-fr harrada_n and_o jerome_n marin_n into_o china_n but_o both_o those_o two_o father_n and_o the_o author_n himself_o listen_v with_o too_o much_o credulity_n to_o the_o vaunt_a relation_n which_o the_o chineses_n make_v of_o the_o grandeur_n of_o their_o empire_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o that_o which_o follow_v for_o he_o allow_v china_n to_o be_v eighteen_o hundred_o league_n in_o length_n though_o all_o the_o world_n know_v that_o it_o lie_v within_o twenty_o two_o or_o twenty_o three_o degeee_n that_o be_v to_o say_v not_o above_o four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o league_n in_o length_n he_o alter_v and_o change_v the_o name_n of_o the_o province_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o know_v they_o again_o he_o make_v the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n as_o big_a as_o ferdinand_n mendez_n pinto_n do_v assure_v we_o in_o two_o place_n of_o his_o relation_n that_o a_o man_n mount_v upon_o a_o good_a horse_n and_o ride_v from_o morning_n till_o night_n will_v have_v much_o ado_n to_o cross_v the_o city_n within_o the_o wall_n for_o the_o suburb_n be_v not_o include_v in_o this_o journey_n which_o take_v up_o altogether_o as_o much_o ground_n to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o the_o chineses_n also_o report_v it_o to_o be_v large_a he_o say_v moreover_o that_o in_o the_o single_a province_n of_o paguia_n which_o must_v certain_o be_v pekim_n there_o be_v two_o million_o five_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o soldier_n and_o within_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n five_o million_o eight_o hundred_o forty_o six_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o foot_n and_o nine_o hundred_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o horse_n pedro_n cubero_n sebastian_n in_o his_o voyage_n of_o the_o world_n print_v at_o naples_n in_o 1682._o say_v almost_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o that_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o for_o that_o beside_o that_o he_o often_o mistake_v in_o speak_v of_o the_o most_o know_a country_n of_o europe_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o he_o have_v copy_v what_o he_o speak_v of_o china_n from_o the_o author_n before_o mention_v i_o can_v cite_v several_a other_o relation_n of_o china_n the_o author_n of_o which_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v very_o much_o misinform_v in_o several_a thing_n but_o beside_o that_o such_o a_o rehearsal_n will_v be_v both_o troublesome_a and_o unprofitable_a we_o have_v several_a other_o that_o make_v we_o amends_o for_o the_o imperfection_n of_o the_o other_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o relation_n which_o seem_v to_o i_o most_o worthy_a of_o credit_n and_o esteem_v be_v those_o of_o father_n trigaut_n the_o annual_a letter_n of_o china_n the_o relation_n of_o father_n semedo_n father_n martini_n and_o the_o modern_a one_o of_o father_n adam_n schall_n father_n greslon_n father_n rouge-mount_n father_n couplet_n r._n p._n of_o orleans_n and_o some_o other_o the_o relation_n of_o father_n trigauâ—…_n be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o give_v we_o any_o exact_a information_n of_o china_n but_o in_o regard_v his_o principal_a design_n be_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o original_a of_o the_o mission_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n in_o that_o vast_a country_n and_o of_o their_o settlement_n by_o father_n matthew_n ricci_n ricci_n he_o never_o
a_o stranger_n can_v not_o understand_v the_o force_n of_o the_o language_n but_o hear_v the_o tartar_n so_o often_o call_v the_o southern_a chineses_n mangi_n believe_v it_o to_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n and_o not_o a_o name_n of_o reproach_n however_o that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o far_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o name_n of_o catai_n and_o mangi_n be_v quite_o different_a and_o do_v not_o both_o of_o they_o signify_v china_n i_o shall_v here_o translate_v a_o piece_n of_o the_o forty_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o marcus_n paulus_n by_o which_o it_o will_v evident_o appear_v that_o what_o i_o affirm_v be_v a_o constant_a and_o assure_a truth_n for_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n of_o the_o great_a river_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o vastness_n of_o its_o stream_n the_o chineses_n call_v â—…_n âm_fw-la eu_fw-fr kiam_fw-la or_o the_o river_n son_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o go_v on_o in_o this_o manner_n cainguiâ—…s_v â—…s_z a_o small_a city_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o this_o river_n upon_o the_o southside_n where_o they_o gather_v ever_o year_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o rice_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v carry_v to_o cambalu_n to_o supply_v the_o court_n of_o the_o great_a cam._n these_o provision_n be_v transport_v to_o catai_n by_o water_n over_o river_n and_o lake_n and_o one_o large_a and_o deep_a canal_n which_o the_o great_a cam_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o passage_n of_o vessel_n from_o one_o river_n to_o another_o and_o to_o go_v from_o the_o province_n of_o mangi_n to_o cambalu_n without_o go_v by_o sea._n this_o be_v a_o work_n of_o wonder_n for_o its_o situation_n and_o its_o length_n but_o more_o for_o the_o benefit_n which_o the_o city_n receive_v from_o it_o the_o great_a cham_n also_o cause_v to_o be_v raise_v all_o along_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o say_a river_n and_o canal_n very_o strong_a and_o spacious_a dam_n for_o traveller_n to_o walk_v upon_o these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o m._n paulus_n and_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o this_o great_a work_n in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n but_o as_o for_o caingui_n mention_v by_o that_o author_n to_o speak_v proper_o it_o be_v neither_o a_o town_n nor_o a_o city_n the_o chineses_n call_v it_o chim_z kiam_fw-la keu_n that_o be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o river_n in_o regard_n that_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o river_n separate_v in_o that_o place_n and_o after_o it_o have_v run_v through_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o nan_n kim_n cross_v the_o country_n of_o vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la as_o far_a as_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o it_o call_v ham_n cheu_n on_o both_o the_o side_n of_o this_o mouth_n there_o be_v one_o of_o those_o sort_n of_o place_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v mâ_fw-la teû_fw-fr that_o be_v a_o place_n frequent_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o trade_n because_o the_o bark_n there_o meet_v and_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n to_o ride_v secure_a in_o the_o night_n time_n now_o this_o place_n of_o which_o marcus_n paulus_n speak_v may_v well_o be_v call_v a_o town_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a number_n of_o vessel_n that_o resort_v thither_o though_o it_o be_v neither_o wall_v nor_o have_v building_n enough_o to_o form_v a_o city_n now_o though_o this_o be_v perfect_o know_v by_o all_o such_o as_o be_v employ_v as_o missionary_n into_o this_o kingdom_n yet_o i_o can_v forbear_v to_o the_o end_n i_o may_v make_v this_o matter_n yet_o more_o evident_a to_o unfold_v some_o other_o passage_n of_o the_o same_o author_n and_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o name_n of_o so_o many_o city_n of_o which_o he_o make_v mention_n in_o his_o history_n in_o the_o twenty_o seven_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o city_n of_o tainfu_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v tai_n yven_v fu_n and_o which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v the_o capitol_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la in_o the_o 28_o chapter_n he_o speak_v of_o another_o city_n of_o the_o same_o province_n call_v by_o the_o chinese_n pim_n yam_fw-la fu_fw-la and_o which_o be_v a_o city_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n as_o be_v the_o most_o rich_a and_o potent_a in_o the_o whole_a empire_n except_o that_o of_o sucheu_o in_o the_o province_n of_o nankin_n in_o the_o 56th_o chapter_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o city_n of_o coiganzù_n which_o be_v call_v hoaì_n gââ—…_n fû_fw-fr which_o be_v a_o town_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o very_o rich_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n which_o be_v there_o make_v as_o in_o the_o territory_n round_o about_o and_o which_o be_v thence_o transport_v into_o several_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o m._n paulus_n observe_v in_o the_o same_o chapter_n in_o the_o 65th_o chapter_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o city_n of_o chian_a gian_n fu_o which_o be_v call_v chim_z kiam_fw-la fu_fw-la in_o his_o seventi_v chapter_n he_o describe_v the_o city_n of_o tâ—…pinxu_fw-la otherwise_o tai_n 〈◊〉_d fu_o in_o the_o province_n of_o namkim_n in_o the_o 75th_o he_o mention_n the_o city_n of_o fogiu_n otherwise_o foe_n cheu_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o foyes_n kien_n in_o the_o 76th_o he_o have_v the_o city_n of_o quelinfu_n which_o be_v call_v kien_fw-mi nim_fw-mi fu_fw-mi he_o also_o report_v that_o about_o this_o city_n there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o lion_n and_o that_o he_o repeat_v several_a time_n in_o other_o place_n which_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o he_o be_v misinform_v in_o most_o thing_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o chinese_n never_o see_v a_o lion_n not_o so_o much_o as_o in_o picture_n and_o therefore_o they_o paint_v a_o lion_n quite_o another_o creature_n than_o he_o be_v for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o persuade_v that_o m._n paulus_n be_v mistake_v in_o believe_v those_o great_a and_o furious_a tiger_n which_o be_v so_o common_a in_o that_o empire_n to_o be_v lion_n and_o he_o confirm_v i_o in_o this_o persuasion_n by_o say_v in_o the_o 14_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n that_o the_o great_a have_fw-mi have_v lion_n train_v up_o to_o hunt_v the_o other_o wild_a beast_n and_o that_o they_o be_v mark_v with_o white_a black_a and_o red_a list_n or_o streak_n and_o be_v large_a than_o the_o lion_n of_o babylon_n all_o which_o perfect_o agree_v with_o the_o description_n of_o the_o tiger_n or_o leopard_n which_o several_a of_o the_o prince_n of_o asia_n make_v use_n of_o in_o their_o châ—…ces_n but_o not_o at_o all_o with_o the_o description_n of_o lion_n the_o same_o author_n make_v mention_n of_o several_a other_o city_n the_o name_n of_o which_o be_v so_o change_v that_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v chinesie_n that_o they_o have_v no_o resemblance_n to_o the_o language_n nevertheless_o we_o clear_o find_v that_o the_o province_n and_o city_n which_o he_o place_n in_o catai_n and_o mangi_n belong_v all_o to_o china_n because_o they_o general_o end_v with_o the_o syllable_n fu_fw-fr which_o in_o the_o chinesie_n language_n signify_v a_o city_n for_o example_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n of_o canton_n be_v quam_fw-la cheu_fw-la fu_fw-la quam_fw-la cheu_fw-la be_v the_o proper_a name_n that_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o rest_n and_o fu_n signify_v a_o city_n as_o polis_n among_o the_o greek_n and_o so_o constantinopolis_n signify_v the_o city_n of_o constantine_n and_o adrianopolis_n the_o city_n of_o adrian_n we_o draw_v the_o second_o proof_n of_o the_o description_n which_o m._n paulus_n make_v in_o the_o sixteen_o and_o seven_o teenth_n chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a city_n of_o pekim_n and_o the_o king_n palace_n in_o regard_n that_o all_o that_o he_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v conformable_a to_o what_o we_o see_v at_o this_o day_n and_o to_o what_o we_o shall_v describe_v in_o the_o progress_n of_o this_o relation_n the_o third_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o wine_n which_o be_v drink_v in_o that_o court_n and_o the_o stone-coal_n which_o they_o burn_v there_o and_o be_v call_v muy_fw-es this_o coal_n be_v bring_v from_o certain_a mountain_n two_o league_n distant_a from_o the_o city_n and_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n that_o the_o mine_n have_v never_o fail_v notwithstanding_o that_o for_o above_o these_o four_o thousand_o year_n not_o only_o this_o city_n so_o large_a and_o populous_a but_o also_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o province_n have_v consume_v such_o a_o incredible_a quantity_n there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o family_n though_o never_o so_o poor_a which_o have_v not_o a_o stove_n heat_v with_o this_o coal_n that_o last_v and_o preserve_v a_o heat_n much_o more_o violent_a than_o charcoal_n these_o stove_n be_v make_v of_o brick_n like_o a_o bed_n or_o couch_n three_o or_o four_o hand_n breadth_n high_a and_o broad_a or_o
of_o suchuen_n the_o relation_n of_o father_n anthony_n de_fw-fr andrada_n call_v it_o also_o the_o country_n of_o ussanguè_fw-fr and_o say_v that_o it_o be_v situate_v to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tibet_n twenty_o day_n journey_n from_o china_n p._n 3._o father_n antony_n de_fw-fr andrada_n etc._n etc._n father_n anthony_n de_fw-fr andrada_n travel_v twice_o into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tibet_n the_o relation_n of_o his_o second_o travel_n in_o the_o year_n 1624._o with_o father_n concalo_fw-la de_fw-fr sousa_n which_o be_v print_v at_o lisbon_n in_o the_o year_n 1628._o speak_v very_o clear_o of_o china_n for_o there_o we_o find_v that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o twenty_o day_n journey_n from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ussanguè_fw-fr or_o ussang_n and_o that_o ussang_n be_v not_o above_o forty_o day_n journey_n from_o the_o city_n of_o caparange_n where_o the_o king_n of_o tibet_n keep_v his_o court_n and_o where_o those_o father_n arrive_v from_o agra_n in_o less_o than_o two_o month_n and_o a_o half_a pass_v through_o sirinagar_n as_o for_o catai_n in_o regard_n the_o people_n of_o tibet_n be_v very_o ignorant_a they_o speak_v of_o it_o very_o confuse_o to_o father_n andrada_n to_o who_o they_o assert_v that_o catai_n be_v a_o great_a city_n by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o by_o that_o relation_n and_o by_o the_o atlas_n of_o father_n martini_n who_o in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o war_n of_o the_o tartar_n tell_v we_o also_o that_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n border_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tibet_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tibet_n be_v situate_v to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o country_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n and_o not_o to_o the_o north_n where_o the_o most_o part_n of_o our_o map_n place_v it_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o father_n benedict_n goez_n in_o his_o travel_n which_o he_o make_v always_o to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n from_o the_o country_n of_o the_o usbeg_n travel_v continual_o eastward_o as_o far_o as_o china_n p._n 5._o the_o tartarian_a alphabet_n which_o we_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o due_a place_n father_n magaillans_n not_o be_v able_a to_o perfect_v his_o work_n have_v not_o give_v we_o this_o tartarian_a alphabet_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o grammar_n make_v by_o father_n ferdinand_n de_fw-fr verbiest_n which_o will_v sudden_o be_v print_v at_o paris_n p._n 6._o mangi_n or_o mantzu_n barbarian_n father_n nicholas_n longobardo_n in_o his_o letter_n write_v from_o china_n 1598._o and_o print_v in_o latin_a at_o mayence_n in_o 1601._o tell_v we_o that_o the_o chineses_n call_v those_o of_o the_o province_n of_o quamtum_fw-la mangi_n that_o be_v to_o say_v barbarian_n manginos_n that_o be_v barbarous_a people_n which_o confirm_v the_o opinion_n of_o father_n magaillans_n p._n 10._o stone-coal_n and_o stove_n of_o china_n almost_o all_o author_n that_o speak_v of_o china_n agree_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a province_n the_o cold_a be_v much_o more_z intense_a than_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_v the_o climate_n and_o situation_n under_o the_o forty_o or_o forty_o second_o degree_n they_o also_o speak_v of_o the_o stove_n which_o be_v very_o common_a and_o build_v all_o alike_o in_o all_o those_o northern_a province_n see_v the_o relation_n of_o father_n trigant_n l._n 4._o c_o 3_o father_n semedo_n part_n 1._o c._n 3._o and_o father_n martini_n atlas_n in_o his_o description_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la and_o pekim_v where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o two_o mountain_n out_o of_o which_o they_o dig_v their_o coal_n be_v very_o near_o to_o the_o city_n of_o pimko_n and_o be_v call_v kie_fw-mi and_o siu_n vu_fw-fr p._n 12._o that_o which_o cause_v m._n polo_n to_o commit_v these_o mistake_v be_v this_o that_o three_o league_n etc._n etc._n father_n martini_n in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n confirm_v this_o conjecture_n in_o these_o word_n the_o river_n lu._n keu_o which_o be_v also_o call_v sangean_o pass_v to_o the_o south-west_n of_o the_o royal_a city_n you_o cross_v over_o a_o stately_a bridge_n where_o a_o man_n may_v count_v several_a arch_n of_o stone_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o river_n that_o run_v to_o the_o west_n of_o pekim_n and_o the_o bridge_n build_v over_o it_o and_o that_o this_o be_v that_o of_o which_o m._n polo_n make_v mention_v for_o that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o name_n of_o sangean_n which_o father_n martini_n give_v it_o and_o that_o of_o sangean_n or_o buli_n sangan_n as_o m._n polo_n call_v it_o father_n greslon_n in_o his_o history_n of_o china_n l._n 3._o c._n 8._o speak_v of_o a_o eastern_a bridge_n in_o these_o word_n in_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n there_o be_v a_o bridge_n of_o a_o admirable_a structure_n above_o three_o hundred_o pace_n in_o length_n of_o which_o two_o arch_n be_v break_v and_o father_n magaillans_n tell_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o fall_n of_o those_o two_o arch_n the_o nine_o of_o august_n 1668._o to_o which_o father_n greslon_n add_v that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bridge_n fall_v the_o 26._o of_o the_o month_n of_o aug._n the_o same_o year_n he_o say_v moreover_o that_o it_o be_v call_v lo-co-kaio_a that_o it_o have_v be_v build_v a_o thousand_o year_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o six_o league_n from_o pekim_n the_o father_n rouge-mount_n and_o intorcetta_n in_o their_o relation_n confirm_v the_o fall_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bridge_n the_o 26_o of_o august_n 1668._o three_o thousand_o year_n after_o it_o be_v first_o lay_v and_o the_o first_o of_o those_o father_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o same_o bridge_n be_v three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o pace_n in_o length_n p._n 15._o these_o reason_n of_o father_n magaillans_n be_v so_o much_o the_o strong_a because_o his_o opinion_n be_v conformable_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o those_o that_o have_v write_v concern_v china_n both_o before_o and_o after_o he_o as_o father_n adam_n a_o german_a father_n greslon_n a_o frenchman_n father_n semedo_n a_o italian_a father_n rouge-mount_n a_o fleming_n etc._n etc._n and_o for_o that_o father_n martini_n have_v not_o be_v follow_v by_o any_o but_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o embassy_n who_o have_v either_o copy_v or_o borrow_v from_o father_n martini_n all_o that_o he_o speak_v concern_v china_n except_o the_o gest_n of_o the_o ambassador_n from_o camtum_fw-la to_o pekim_n and_o their_o negotiation_n so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n the_o one_o have_v imitate_v the_o other_o in_o his_o orthography_n father_n greslon_n also_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o relation_n prove_v against_o father_n martini_n that_o the_o chinese_n word_n ought_v to_o be_v pronounce_v as_o our_o author_n tell_v we_o p._n 16._o we_o can_v add_v several_a other_o reason_n to_o prove_v that_o catai_n be_v no_o other_o than_o china_n deduce_v from_o the_o silk_n many_o fruit_n plant_n and_o animal_n which_o according_a to_o m._n polo_n breed_v and_o grow_v in_o china_n and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o part_n of_o tartary_n but_o this_o have_v be_v so_o often_o bandy_v about_o for_o these_o hundred_o year_n and_o all_o author_n who_o have_v write_v upon_o this_o subject_a have_v prove_v it_o by_o so_o many_o different_a argument_n beside_o what_o our_o author_n allege_v that_o it_o will_v be_v but_o time_n ill_o spend_v to_o labour_v any_o more_o about_o it_o beside_o that_o there_o be_v no_o person_n now_o that_o question_n or_o can_v doubt_v of_o it_o unless_o he_o will_v be_v wilful_o blind_a i_o shall_v only_o observe_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o man_n may_v former_o be_v delude_v be_v this_o because_o that_o when_o the_o western_a tartar_n undertake_v the_o conquest_n of_o china_n there_o be_v two_o emperor_n the_o one_o be_v the_o real_a chinese_n emperor_n of_o the_o family_n sum_n who_o possess_v the_o twelve_o southern_a province_n the_o other_o be_v the_o king_n of_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n of_o the_o family_n tai-kin_n who_o possess_v the_o three_o northern_a province_n the_o country_n of_o leaotum_n and_o the_o eastern_a tartary_n these_o two_o emperor_n be_v vanquish_v one_o after_o the_o other_o and_o their_o kingdom_n subdue_v between_o the_o year_n 1225._o and_o 1280._o this_o be_v grant_v it_o may_v be_v ready_o apprehend_v how_o easy_a it_o be_v for_o the_o oriental_a author_n and_o such_o as_o have_v hear_v talk_n of_o those_o conquest_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o real_a emperor_n of_o china_n be_v master_n of_o all_o china_n as_o now_o we_o know_v it_o and_o that_o the_o other_o emperor_n of_o the_o family_n tai-kin_n who_o empire_n be_v more_o northerly_a live_v in_o tartary_n to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o great_a wall_n where_o for_o that_o reason_n our_o ancient_a geographer_n have_v place_v
cambalu_n and_o many_o other_o city_n and_o country_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o extent_n and_o division_n of_o china_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o city_n and_o other_o wall_a town_n and_o some_o other_o particular_n observe_v by_o the_o chinese_n author_n it_o be_v now_o eighteen_o year_n since_o father_n francis_n fierrado_n vice-provincial_a of_o china_n and_o afterward_o visitor_n of_o japan_n and_o china_n order_v i_o to_o write_v the_o history_n of_o this_o empire_n and_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o gospel_n there_o first_o begin_v to_o be_v preach_v now_o fourscore_o and_o thirteen_o year_n ago_o but_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o mission_n and_o the_o persecution_n we_o have_v undergo_v have_v hinder_v i_o from_o go_v on_o with_o it_o the_o father_n nicholas_n trigaut_n a_o fleming_n alvero_n semedo_n a_o portugese_n martini_n native_a of_o trent_n antony_n govea_n and_o ignatius_n de_fw-fr costa_n in_o their_o yearly_a relation_n have_v treat_v very_o large_o upon_o this_o subject_a but_o the_o beauty_n the_o grandeur_n and_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o empire_n be_v such_o copious_a subject_n that_o though_o there_o have_v be_v much_o already_o write_v concern_v they_o yet_o there_o remain_v much_o more_o to_o be_v say_v wherefore_o i_o think_v it_o my_o duty_n to_o set_v down_o in_o this_o place_n the_o chief_a observation_n which_o i_o have_v collect_v together_o china_n be_v seat_v almost_o at_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n of_o asia_n towards_o the_o east_n it_o lie_v under_o twenty_o three_o degree_n from_o north_n to_o south_n from_o the_o fortress_n of_o caiazzo_n pim_n place_v upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n in_o forty_o one_o degree_n of_o latitude_n to_o the_o meridional_a point_n of_o the_o island_n of_o hai_o nan_n in_o eighteen_o degree_n of_o elevation_n and_o a_o to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o province_n of_o quamtum_fw-la so_o that_o the_o length_n of_o china_n from_o north_n to_o south_n according_a to_o the_o chinese_n book_n be_v five_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o li_n or_o furlong_n which_o make_v 402½_n spanish_n or_o portugal_n league_n at_o 17½_n to_o a_o degree_n 575_o french_a league_n at_o 25._o to_o a_o degree_n â—…45_n german_n at_o 15._o to_o a_o degree_n 1380_o italian_a mile_n at_o 60._o to_o a_o degree_n 5750_o li_n or_o chinese_n furlong_n at_o 250._o to_o a_o degree_n from_o the_o point_n of_o nîm_n pô_o a_o seaport_n town_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiam_a where_o the_o portugal_n be_v former_o wont_n to_o trade_n and_o which_o ferdinand_n mendez_n call_v leam_fw-la po_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n from_o east_n to_o west_n it_o be_v account_v 297_o spanish_n and_o portugal_n league_n 426_o french_a league_n 255_o german_a mile_n 1020_o italian_a mile_n 4080_o chinese_n furlong_n at_o 240_o to_o a_o degree_n but_o if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o length_n of_o china_n where_o it_o be_v long_a you_o must_v take_v it_o from_o the_o last_o place_n to_o the_o northwest_n of_o the_o province_n of_o leaotum_n call_v caiyven_v to_o the_o last_o city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o yunnan_n call_v cin_n tien_n kiun_n min_fw-mi fu._n take_v it_o thus_o and_o then_o the_o long_a length_n of_o this_o empire_n will_v bâ—…_n 525_o spanish_a league_n 750_o french_a league_n 1800_o italian_a mile_n 8400_o chinese_n furlong_n at_o four_o and_o a_o half_a to_o a_o mile_n of_o italy_n the_o true_a breadth_n of_o china_n to_o take_v it_o from_o tamburlaine_n chan_n the_o most_o easterly_a place_n of_o the_o country_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la and_o which_o join_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o corea_n to_o the_o place_n call_v tum_o tim_o to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la be_v 350_o spanish_a league_n 500_o french_a league_n 300_o german_a mile_n 1200_o italian_a mile_n 5400_o chinese_n furlong_n there_o be_v fifteen_o province_n in_o this_o empire_n which_o for_o their_o largeness_n their_o riches_n and_o fertility_n may_v well_o be_v call_v kingdom_n which_o the_o chineses_n rank_n in_o this_o order_n according_a to_o their_o antiquity_n and_o precedency_n pe_fw-la kim_n nan_n kim_v now_o call_v kiamm_n nân_n xansi_fw-fr xantum_fw-la hô_o nân_n xénsi_fw-fr vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la kiam_fw-la si_fw-la hù_fw-fr quam_fw-la su_n chuen_fw-ge foe_n kien_n quám_fw-la tumm_n quam_fw-la si_fw-la yunnan_n quei_z cheum_fw-la the_o country_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la might_n also_o well_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o province_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o extent_n but_o the_o chineses_n include_v it_o within_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n tum_fw-la the_o province_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v pe_n kim_v xan_n tum_fw-la nan_n kim_v vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la foe_n kien_n and_o quam_fw-la tum_fw-la those_o that_o border_n upon_o foreign_a kingdom_n be_v pekim_v xansi_fw-la xensi_fw-la su_n chuen_fw-ge yunnan_n quamsi_n the_o midland_n province_n be_v honan_n hu_o quam_fw-la kiamsi_fw-la quci_fw-la cheu_fw-la by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o cluverius_n trust_v too_o unwary_o to_o false_a relation_n when_o he_o reckon_v up_o eighteen_o province_n in_o china_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o kingdom_n of_o cochinchina_n for_o though_o that_o kingdom_n and_o that_o of_o tum_o kim_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o china_n it_o be_v but_o for_o a_o very_a few_o year_n and_o it_o be_v a_o long_a time_n ago_o since_o they_o throw_v off_o that_o subjection_n there_o be_v several_a island_n also_o belong_v to_o china_n as_o the_o great_a and_o little_a lieu_fw-fr kieu_fw-fr tai_n van_n which_o the_o portuguese_n call_v formosa_fw-la where_o the_o hollander_n have_v a_o fortress_n which_o be_v wrest_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n by_o a_o chinese_n pirate_n some_o year_n since_o and_o where_o they_o lose_v a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n and_o great_a gun_n and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o good_n hai_o nan_n and_o hiam_fw-la xan_n where_o stand_v the_o city_n of_o amagao_n or_o macao_n upon_o the_o southern_a promontory_n of_o that_o island_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o some_o inhabit_a other_o quite_o desert_n the_o kingdom_n of_o corea_n be_v not_o a_o island_n adjoin_v to_o china_n as_o cluverius_n believe_v but_o a_o great_a promontory_n of_o the_o firm_a land_n extend_v itself_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n neither_o be_v xam_n haì_n a_o island_n as_o martini_n write_v in_o his_o atlas_n and_o mark_n it_o in_o his_o map_n but_o a_o fortress_n so_o vast_a and_o so_o well_o fortify_v by_o art_n and_o nature_n that_o it_o may_v compare_v with_o the_o best_a in_o europe_n it_o stand_v upon_o the_o firm_a land_n near_o the_o sea_n between_o the_o province_n of_o pe_n kim_n and_o the_o country_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la the_o place_n wall_v in_o through_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o this_o empire_n amount_v to_o the_o number_n of_o four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o two_o and_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o order_n the_o civil_a and_o military_a the_o civil_a order_n comprehend_v two_o thousand_o forty_o five_o wall_v town_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o hundred_o seventy_o five_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v furio_n two_o hundred_o seventy_o four_o of_o the_o second_o order_n which_o they_o call_v cheum_fw-la one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o eighty_o and_o eight_o city_n which_o they_o call_v hièn_fw-fr two_o hundred_o and_o five_o royal_a hostery_n or_o place_n of_o entertainment_n call_v you_o and_o a_o hundred_o and_o three_o court_n of_o guard_n or_o royal_a hostery_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n which_o they_o call_v cham_n chin._n among_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o this_o empire_n i_o reckon_v several_a seat_v in_o the_o province_n of_o yun_n nan_n quei_z cheum_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la and_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge which_o however_o pay_v no_o tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n nor_o yield_v he_o any_o obedience_n but_o be_v govern_v by_o particular_a and_o absolute_a prince_n these_o town_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o environ_v with_o high_a mountain_n and_o steep_a rock_n as_o if_o nature_n have_v take_v a_o particular_a care_n of_o their_o fortification_n within_o which_o mountain_n lie_v field_n and_o plain_n for_o several_a day_n journey_n where_o be_v to_o be_v see_v city_n both_o of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o rank_n together_o with_o many_o town_n and_o village_n the_o chineses_n call_v these_o lord_n tù_fw-fr sù_n or_o tù_fw-fr quon_n that_o be_v to_o say_v mandarin_n of_o the_o country_n for_o that_o as_o they_o believe_v there_o be_v no_o emperor_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n so_o they_o be_v conceit_v that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o prince_n or_o lord_n but_o such_o as_o they_o to_o who_o the_o emperor_n give_v that_o title_n nor_o do_v they_o give_v the_o title_n of_o mandarin_n of_o the_o land_n or_o country_n to_o those_o but_o to_o distinguish_v
his_o vain_a pleasure_n be_v so_o take_v with_o the_o queen_n contrivance_n that_o he_o appoint_v all_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o lascivious_a queen_n and_o when_o all_o thing_n be_v do_v according_a to_o his_o wish_n he_o spend_v a_o whole_a year_n in_o this_o palace_n abandon_v himself_o to_o all_o manner_n of_o dishonest_a and_o voluptuous_a pleasure_n mind_v neither_o his_o court_n nor_o his_o kingdom_n and_o these_o folly_n together_o with_o several_a other_o unjust_a and_o crew_n action_n enforce_v his_o subject_n to_o revolt_v and_o choose_v in_o his_o place_n the_o emperor_n cham_fw-mi tum_fw-la the_o chief_a of_o another_o new_a family_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n kie_fw-mi the_o chinese_n destroy_v his_o new_a palace_n where_o he_o have_v perpetrate_v so_o many_o wicked_a action_n and_o abolish_v all_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n enact_v by_o that_o same_o cruel_a tyrant_n unless_o it_o be_v his_o invention_n of_o flambeaux_fw-fr and_o lantern_n which_o they_o preserve_v to_o celebrate_v the_o festival_n before_o mention_v the_o chineses_n also_o relate_v how_o that_o about_o two_o thousand_o year_n afterward_o another_o emperor_n of_o the_o ten_o royal_a family_n who_o be_v call_v tamburlaine_n suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v delude_v and_o govern_v by_o a_o mountebank_n of_o the_o sect_n of_o those_o that_o be_v call_v tao_n su_n who_o profession_n it_o be_v to_o cheat_v the_o people_n the_o nobility_n the_o learned_a man_n and_o even_o the_o prince_n themselves_o by_o mean_n of_o their_o chemical_a operation_n and_o their_o gorgeous_a and_o glorious_a promise_n of_o continual_a stream_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n life_n almost_o eternal_a and_o to_o empower_v they_o to_o fly_v from_o one_o mountain_n city_n or_o province_n to_o another_o in_o a_o few_o minute_n now_o than_o this_o emperor_n have_v surrender_v his_o understanding_n to_o one_o of_o these_o impostor_n or_o magician_n tell_v he_o that_o he_o have_v a_o great_a desire_n to_o see_v the_o lantern_n in_o the_o city_n of_o yâm_n cheu_n in_o the_o province_n of_o kiam_fw-la nan_n the_o most_o curious_a and_o most_o celebrate_v over_o all_o the_o empire_n for_o their_o beauty_n their_o riches_n and_o their_o workmanship_n but_o say_v he_o i_o be_o afraid_a that_o if_o i_o go_v incognito_o and_o in_o disguise_n lest_o some_o disorder_n or_o tumult_n shall_v happen_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n in_o the_o court_n or_o kingdom_n or_o if_o i_o shall_v take_v this_o progress_n with_o a_o attendance_n and_o train_n suitable_a to_o my_o dignity_n beside_o the_o burden_n and_o charge_n that_o i_o shall_v be_v to_o the_o people_n i_o fear_v that_o all_o man_n will_v condemn_v i_o of_o folly_n and_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o so_o great_a a_o emperor_n shall_v take_v a_o journey_n so_o long_o and_o tedious_a for_o the_o divertisement_n of_o a_o few_o hour_n let_v not_o your_o majesty_n be_v disturb_v at_o that_o reply_v the_o magician_n for_o i_o promise_v your_o majesty_n that_o without_o expose_v yourself_o to_o any_o of_o these_o inconvenience_n which_o you_o have_v propound_v to_o i_o i_o will_v so_o order_v the_o matter_n that_o the_o next_o lantern_n night_n which_o be_v not_o far_o off_o you_o shall_v set_v forward_o return_v to_o your_o palace_n and_o see_v the_o lantern_n with_o all_o the_o satisfaction_n you_o can_v wish_v or_o desire_v in_o a_o few_o hour_n after_o that_o there_o appear_v in_o the_o air_n chariot_n and_o throne_n all_o of_o white_a cloud_n and_o draw_v by_o swan_n immediate_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o chariot_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o damsel_n and_o lady_n of_o honour_n together_o with_o the_o musician_n of_o the_o palace_n and_o then_o away_o fly_v the_o swan_n with_o a_o extraordinary_a swiftness_n and_o in_o a_o few_o moment_n arrive_v at_o yâm_n cheu_n which_o the_o cloud_n enlarge_n themselves_o cover_v all_o over_o and_o then_o it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n at_o leisure_n view_v the_o lantern_n which_o the_o people_n have_v light_v and_o to_o recompense_v they_o for_o the_o divertisement_n which_o they_o have_v give_v he_o he_o cause_v his_o musician_n to_o charm_n their_o ear_n with_o a_o consort_n of_o voice_n and_o instrument_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o he_o set_v forward_o again_o for_o his_o capital_a city_n and_o in_o the_o twinkle_v of_o a_o eye_n find_v himself_o at_o home_n in_o his_o own_o palace_n within_o a_o month_n after_o there_o come_v a_o courier_n according_a to_o custom_n with_o a_o dispatch_n by_o which_o intelligence_n be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n that_o upon_o a_o lantern_n night_n several_a holy_a man_n be_v see_v hover_v over_o the_o city_n of_o yâm_n cheu_n upon_o throne_n of_o cloud_n draw_v by_o swan_n and_o who_o at_o the_o same_o time_n have_v ravish_v their_o ear_n with_o a_o most_o harmonious_a musical_a consort_n of_o voice_n and_o instrument_n last_o they_o tell_v you_o that_o about_o five_o hundred_o year_n ago_o there_o be_v a_o king_n of_o the_o family_n of_o sûm_fw-la renown_v for_o his_o noble_a quality_n and_o virtue_n more_o especial_o for_o his_o mildness_n and_o affability_n that_o this_o prince_n to_o show_v the_o affection_n which_o he_o have_v for_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n be_v wont_n every_o year_n to_o appear_v public_o in_o his_o palace_n for_o eight_o night_n together_o without_o his_o guard_n and_o all_o the_o gate_n set_v open_a and_o to_o suffer_v the_o multitude_n to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o all_o the_o firework_n and_o lantern_n which_o be_v very_o large_a and_o magnificent_a and_o of_o several_a form_n that_o be_v in_o the_o hall_n and_o court_n all_o the_o while_n entertain_v his_o subject_n with_o music_n befit_v the_o grandeur_n of_o a_o emperor_n that_o make_v himself_o so_o familiar_a to_o the_o whole_a assembly_n these_o be_v the_o story_n which_o the_o chineses_n recount_v touch_v the_o original_a and_o augmentation_n of_o honour_n give_v to_o the_o lantern_n festival_n so_o famous_a over_o all_o china_n upon_o which_o i_o have_v the_o long_o insist_v to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o this_o same_o pattern_n the_o reader_n may_v judge_v what_o may_v be_v enlarge_v upon_o other_o subject_n note_n upon_o the_o six_o chapter_n a._n p._n 110._o yam_n cheu_n in_o the_o province_n of_o kiam_fw-la nan._n the_o city_n of_o yam_n cheu_n be_v seat_v near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o grand_a canal_n in_o the_o river_n kiam_fw-la it_o be_v very_o wealthy_a eminent_a for_o trade_n and_o adorn_v with_o magnificent_a house_n build_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o the_o merchant_n themselves_o who_o be_v enrich_v by_o their_o traffic_n in_o salt_n of_o which_o there_o be_v vast_a quantity_n draw_v out_o of_o several_a salt-pit_n upon_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o city_n the_o wealth_n of_o this_o city_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v exorbitant_o addict_v to_o their_o pleasure_n insomuch_o that_o several_a little_a girl_n be_v there_o breed_v up_o the_o most_o beautiful_a that_o can_v be_v find_v and_o teach_v to_o dance_n and_o sing_n and_o instruct_v in_o all_o other_o female_a allurement_n that_o may_v render_v they_o agreeable_a who_o be_v thus_o accomplish_v â—…re_o sell_v at_o dear_a rate_n for_o concubine_n to_o the_o more_o wealthy_a sort_n no_o wonder_n then_o that_o they_o spare_v for_o no_o cost_n to_o divertise_v themselves_o and_o to_o render_v their_o lantern_n festival_n the_o most_o pompous_a and_o magnificent_a above_o all_o other_o in_o china_n almost_o all_o the_o relation_n mention_v this_o feast_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o our_o author_n do_v but_o not_o with_o so_o many_o circumstance_n kiam_fw-la nan_n signify_v a_o province_n to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o river_n kiam_fw-la under_o the_o chinese_n king_n this_o province_n be_v call_v nan_n kim_n as_o also_o the_o capital_a city_n belong_v to_o it_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o court_n of_o the_o south_n as_o pekim_a be_v call_v the_o court_n of_o the_o north._n for_o then_o there_o be_v two_o court_n and_o the_o city_n of_o nan_n kim_n enjoy_v the_o same_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n which_o the_o city_n of_o pekim_a do_v but_o the_o tartar_n have_v deprive_v they_o of_o their_o franchise_n and_o change_v the_o name_n of_o nan_n kim_n into_o that_o of_o kiam_fw-la nim_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o repose_n of_o the_o river_n kiam_fw-la which_o custom_n of_o alter_a name_n be_v very_o ancient_a in_o china_n and_o have_v also_o be_v practise_v from_o time_n to_o time_n in_o reference_n to_o other_o city_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o public_a work_n and_o edifice_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o grand_a canal_n the_o public_a work_n and_o structure_n of_o the_o chinese_n in_o my_o opinion_n surpass_v in_o number_n
severity_n of_o punishment_n as_o confiscation_n of_o good_n banishment_n or_o death_n then_o after_o they_o have_v inform_v the_o king_n they_o send_v back_o the_o indictment_n and_o the_o person_n indict_v to_o this_o tribunal_n where_o after_o another_o re_fw-mi examination_n of_o the_o cause_n the_o definitive_a sentence_n be_v pronounce_v to_o the_o palace_n appoint_v for_o this_o tribunal_n belong_v fourteen_o more_o inferior_a court_n or_o tribunal_n for_o the_o fourteen_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o second_o tribunal_n the_o torment_n also_o and_o execution_n which_o this_o court_n inflict_v upon_o criminal_n be_v of_o various_a sort_n which_o i_o omit_v for_o fear_v of_o be_v too_o tedious_a i_o shall_v only_o observe_v one_o custom_n among_o the_o chinese_n quite_o contrary_a to_o what_o be_v usual_a in_o europe_n where_o noble_a man_n be_v behead_v and_o ordinary_a offender_n be_v hang_v whereas_o in_o china_n the_o great_a ignominy_n that_o can_v befall_v a_o man_n be_v to_o have_v his_o head_n cut_v off_o and_o therefore_o when_o the_o king_n will_v show_v a_o extraordinary_a favour_n to_o a_o great_a lord_n or_o mandarin_n condem'nd_v to_o die_v he_o send_v he_o a_o very_a soft_a piece_n of_o silk_n to_o be_v hang_v in_o instead_o of_o a_o halter_n and_o the_o reason_n which_o the_o chineses_n give_v to_o justify_v this_o conceit_n of_o they_o be_v this_o because_o they_o say_v that_o of_o necessity_n such_o as_o be_v behead_v must_v have_v be_v disobedient_a to_o their_o parent_n who_o give_v they_o sound_a and_o perfect_a body_n till_o they_o by_o their_o disobedience_n and_o their_o crime_n make_v a_o separation_n and_o disfigurement_n of_o the_o member_n and_o they_o be_v so_o possess_v with_o this_o opinion_n that_o the_o chineses_n will_v buy_v of_o the_o hangman_n the_o body_n of_o the_o malefactor_n execute_v if_o they_o be_v their_o parent_n for_o five_o ten_o or_o twenty_o crown_n nay_o sometime_o they_o will_v not_o spare_v for_o hundred_o and_o thousand_o of_o crown_n according_a to_o their_o wealth_n or_o poverty_n and_o then_o they_o sow_v the_o head_n to_o the_o body_n again_o with_o a_o world_n of_o lamentation_n and_o shower_n of_o tear_n to_o satisfy_v in_o some_o measure_n for_o their_o disobedience_n they_o report_v that_o the_o original_n of_o this_o ceremony_n proceed_v from_o a_o disciple_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la call_v tsem_fw-la â—…su_fw-la this_o philosopher_n lie_v at_o the_o point_n of_o death_n send_v for_o his_o child_n and_o disciple_n and_o after_o he_o have_v show_v they_o his_o head_n his_o arm_n and_o his_o foot_n he_o take_v his_o last_o farewell_n of_o they_o in_o these_o word_n child_n say_v he_o learn_v of_o your_o father_n and_o your_o master_n to_o be_v as_o obedient_a as_o i_o have_v be_v to_o they_o who_o give_v i_o my_o be_v in_o this_o world_n and_o bring_v i_o up_o with_o so_o much_o care_n since_o by_o that_o mean_v i_o have_v preserve_v entire_a and_o perfect_a the_o body_n which_o they_o bestow_v upon_o i_o i_o say_v but_o now_o that_o the_o chineses_n purchase_v the_o body_n of_o parent_n at_o great_a rate_n which_o be_v true_a for_o they_o that_o be_v condemn_v to_o be_v behead_v be_v also_o sentence_v to_o be_v deprive_v of_o common_a burial_n which_o be_v a_o most_o terrible_a infamy_n among_o they_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o hangman_n be_v oblige_v after_o he_o have_v strip_v the_o body_n to_o throw_v it_o into_o the_o next_o ditch_n and_o in_o sell_v the_o body_n he_o expose_v himself_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o be_v severe_o punish_v or_o at_o least_o to_o give_v the_o mandarin_n or_o the_o informer_n that_o discover_v the_o sale_n a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o money_n which_o he_o receive_v and_o therefore_o he_o must_v sell_v dear_a that_o he_o may_v give_v the_o more_o among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o law_n there_o be_v one_o observe_v by_o this_o tribunal_n which_o be_v enact_v by_o one_o of_o the_o ancient_a king_n of_o which_o i_o can_v omit_v the_o rehearsal_n that_o when_o any_o criminal_a either_o for_o his_o good_a quality_n or_o for_o any_o other_o reason_n deserve_v to_o be_v pity_v whether_o he_o be_v condemn_v in_o the_o spring_n the_o winter_n or_o the_o summer_n he_o shall_v be_v reprieve_v till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o next_o autumn_n follow_v for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o chinese_n upon_o the_o birth_n or_o marriage_n of_o a_o prince_n or_o upon_o any_o other_o cause_n of_o public_a rejoice_v or_o after_o a_o earthquake_n or_o upon_o any_o extraordinary_a alteration_n of_o the_o season_n or_o element_n to_o release_v all_o sort_n of_o prisoner_n except_o some_o few_o that_o be_v except_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v those_o that_o be_v reprieve_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n or_o at_o least_o live_v in_o fair_a hope_n for_o some_o month_n the_o six_o and_o last_o superior_a tribunal_n be_v call_v cu_z pu_fw-fr or_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o public_a work_n this_o tribunal_n take_v care_n to_o build_v and_o repair_v the_o king_n palace_n their_o sepulcher_n and_o temple_n wherein_o they_o honour_v their_o predecessor_n or_o where_o they_o adore_v their_o deity_n the_o sun_n moon_n heaven_n and_o earth_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o the_o palace_n of_o all_o the_o tribunal_n throughout_o the_o empire_n and_o those_o of_o the_o great_a lord_n they_o be_v also_o the_o surveyor_n and_o overseer_n of_o all_o the_o tower_n bridges_n dam_n river_n lake_n and_o of_o all_o thing_n requisite_a to_o render_v river_n navigable_a as_o highway_n wagon_n bark_n boat_n and_o the_o like_a to_o this_o palace_n belong_v four_o more_o inferior_a court_n the_o first_o be_v call_v vincentio_n xen_a su_n which_o examine_v and_o draw_v the_o design_n of_o all_o the_o work_n that_o be_v to_o be_v do_v the_o second_o thou_o hem_o sum_o which_o have_v the_o order_n of_o all_o the_o work-house_n and_o shop_n in_o all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o make_n of_o warlike_a arm_n and_o weapon_n the_o three_o tum_o xui_o sum_o takes_z care_n to_o make_v the_o river_n and_o lake_n navigable_a to_o level_v the_o high_a way_n to_o build_v and_o repair_v bridge_n and_o for_o the_o make_n of_o wagon_n and_o boat_n and_o other_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o convenience_n of_o commerce_n the_o four_o ce_fw-fr tien_n sum_o be_v the_o overseer_n of_o the_o king_n house_n and_o land_n which_o he_o let_v out_o to_o hire_v and_o of_o which_o he_o have_v both_o the_o rent_n and_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o harvest_n by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n have_v under_o they_o four_o and_o forty_o inferior_a court_n which_o have_v their_o peculiar_a palace_n within_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o palace_n of_o that_o tribunal_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v with_o hall_n chamber_n and_o other_o convenience_n every_o one_o of_o these_o forty_o four_o court_n have_v also_o a_o precedent_n and_o twelve_o counsellor_n four_o of_o which_o be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o five_o order_n of_o mandarin_n four_o of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o five_o and_o the_o other_o four_o of_o the_o six_o order_n in_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o the_o criminal_a tribunal_n the_o number_n of_o judge_n be_v double_a where_o all_o the_o inferior_a tribunal_n have_v a_o precedent_n and_o twenty_o four_o counsellor_n but_o beside_o these_o graduated_a mandarin_n there_o be_v some_o employ_v who_o be_v under_o no_o degree_n and_o yet_o be_v mandarin_n for_o all_o that_o however_o after_o some_o year_n service_n the_o king_n advance_v they_o to_o the_o nine_o and_o eight_o order_n of_o mandarin_n moreover_o all_o these_o tribunal_n have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o prothonotarys_n register_n clerk_n controller_n merchant_n usher_n porter_n messenger_n attendants_z and_o servant_n jailer_n provost_n sergeant_n bailiff_n beadle_n to_o whip_n and_o punish_v offender_n sweeper_n cook_n to_o dress_v their_o viand_n people_n to_o lay_v the_o cloth_n and_o wait_v at_o table_n and_o all_o at_o the_o king_n charge_n observe_v by_o the_o way_n however_o that_o what_o we_o have_v say_v as_o to_o the_o number_n of_o mandarin_n relate_v only_o to_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n for_o at_o present_a their_o number_n be_v double_a in_o all_o the_o court_n for_o example_n the_o low_a court_n which_o consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o twelve_o mandarin_n have_v now_o twenty_o four_o that_o be_v to_o say_v twelve_o tartar_n and_o twelve_o chinese_n these_o be_v the_o six_o tribunal_n that_o govern_v all_o china_n and_o which_o be_v so_o famous_a over_o all_o the_o kingdom_n however_o that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o shall_v grow_v too_o powerful_a the_o ancient_a king_n that_o
jurisdiction_n he_o take_v care_n to_o solicit_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o town_n and_o city_n to_o make_v quick_a payment_n of_o their_o duty_n to_o the_o king_n there_o be_v some_o also_o that_o take_v no_o less_o care_n of_o the_o river_n and_o sea_n coast_n in_o their_o quarter_n they_o that_o look_v after_o the_o river_n be_v call_v honorio_n tao_o and_o the_o surveyor_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n hâ—…_n tao_o all_o these_o mandarin_n belong_v to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o inspecter_n or_o overseer_n call_v co_n tao_o of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n whether_o capital_a or_o no_o have_v a_o tribunal_n where_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n or_o territory_n preside_v who_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o four_o order_n and_o be_v call_v chi_fw-mi fu_fw-mi he_o have_v three_o assessor_n the_o first_o call_v tum_o chi_fw-mi the_o second_o tum_o puâ—…n_n and_o the_o three_o chui_fw-fr quen_n who_o be_v of_o the_o six_o and_o seven_o order_n they_o be_v also_o call_v second_o three_o and_o four_o lord_n of_o the_o second_o three_o or_o four_o chair_n or_o of_o the_o second_o three_o or_o four_o city_n in_o regard_n the_o precedent_n be_v call_v the_o first_o lord_n the_o first_o chair_n and_o the_o first_o city_n there_o be_v four_o other_o inferior_a mandarin_n call_v kim_n lie_v chu_o sum_o chaos_n mo_z and_o kim_n kâ—…ao_o which_o be_v only_o of_o the_o seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o order_n the_o employment_n of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o governor_n of_o pe_n kim_n all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v provide_v with_o such_o mandarin_n as_o these_o but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a trade_n or_o that_o the_o territory_n be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n than_o the_o number_n of_o these_o mandarin_n be_v double_v the_o city_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n call_v cheu_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n those_o of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o capital_n only_o as_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o have_v city_n which_o depend_v upon_o they_o those_o of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o order_n whether_o they_o have_v city_n depend_v upon_o they_o or_o no._n the_o precedent_n of_o these_o city_n be_v call_v chi_fw-mi cheu_o he_o be_v of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o five_o order_n and_o have_v two_o assessor_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v call_v cheu_n â—…um_fw-la and_o the_o second_o cheu_n poon_n who_o be_v of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o six_o and_o second_o order_n he_o have_v under_o he_o also_o a_o three_o mandarin_n call_v lâ—…_n mo_z of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o nine_o order_n the_o people_n call_v this_o governor_n tai_n you_o or_o the_o great_a or_o first_o lord_n the_o other_o three_o the_o second_o three_o or_o four_o lord_n their_o employment_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n all_o the_o other_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v a_o tribunal_n of_o which_o the_o precedent_n be_v call_v chi_fw-mi hien_fw-fr and_o be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o seven_o order_n he_o have_v also_o two_o assessor_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v call_v hien_n chim_z of_o the_o eight_o order_n and_o the_o second_o who_o be_v of_o the_o nine_o be_v call_v chu_n pu_fw-fr he_o have_v also_o a_o three_o under_o he_o who_o be_v call_v tien_n sum_o who_o be_v of_o no_o order_n but_o if_o he_o acquit_v himself_o well_o of_o his_o employment_n for_o three_o year_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n give_v he_o a_o certificate_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o superior_a city_n and_o the_o governor_n of_o that_o city_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o capital_a the_o last_o governor_n certify_v to_o the_o two_o grand_a tribunal_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n and_o they_o to_o the_o viceroy_n the_o viceroy_n write_v to_o the_o grand_a tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n and_o they_o to_o the_o counsellor_n of_o state_n who_o inform_v the_o king_n and_o by_o he_o general_o he_o be_v make_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o eight_o or_o nine_o order_n this_o be_v the_o road_n which_o the_o mandarin_n observe_v for_o their_o promotion_n to_o new_a dignity_n but_o this_o good_a fortune_n never_o befall_v they_o if_o they_o do_v not_o purchase_v it_o by_o present_n proportionable_a to_o what_o they_o may_v squeeze_v out_o of_o their_o employment_n and_o this_o kind_n of_o trade_n be_v drive_v as_o open_o as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o establish_a law_n among_o they_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o justice_n and_o employment_n be_v sell_v as_o at_o a_o outry_n all_o over_o the_o empire_n but_o more_o especial_o at_o court_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o body_n but_o the_o king_n who_o can_v be_v proper_o say_v to_o mind_v the_o public_a good_a all_o the_o rest_n regard_v nothing_o but_o their_o private_a interest_n and_o of_o this_o manner_n of_o proceed_v i_o will_v bring_v you_o one_o example_n of_o which_o i_o myself_o be_v a_o eye_n witness_n there_o be_v a_o young_a gentleman_n who_o name_n be_v simon_n a_o very_a good_a christian_n who_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o a_o city_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n by_o a_o particular_a favour_n which_o the_o emperor_n show_v he_o in_o regard_n his_o father_n viceroy_n of_o the_o province_n of_o â—…n_n si_fw-la be_v slay_v fight_v against_o a_o army_n of_o robber_n that_o have_v raise_v a_o rebellion_n in_o the_o province_n the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o employment_n be_v expire_v he_o be_v advance_v to_o be_v mandarin_n of_o a_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o that_o employment_n he_o repair_v to_o court_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n in_o hope_n to_o be_v prefer_v to_o another_o city_n yet_o more_o considerable_a for_o the_o recompense_n of_o his_o service_n due_o perform_v the_o king_n refer_v his_o petition_n to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d present_o letter_n be_v send_v he_o from_o that_o tribunal_n to_o leâ—…_n he_o know_v that_o if_o he_o will_v deposit_v in_o a_o three_o hand_n fourteen_o vâ—…n_n of_o silver_n which_o amount_v to_o about_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n they_o will_v give_v he_o the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n of_o â—…un_n â—…m_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n si_fw-la which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a people_v the_o most_o remarkable_a for_o trade_n and_o the_o rich_a city_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n to_o which_o this_o virtuous_a christian_a return_v for_o answer_n that_o if_o he_o have_v such_o a_o sum_n by_o he_o nay_o though_o it_o be_v far_o less_o he_o will_v never_o go_v about_o to_o move_v for_o any_o more_o employment_n in_o regard_n a_o small_a sum_n than_o that_o will_v suffice_v he_o to_o live_v at_o his_o ease_n nor_o do_v he_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o take_v up_o so_o large_a a_o sum_n at_o great_a interest_n as_o other_o do_v by_o which_o they_o be_v force_v for_o satisfaction_n of_o their_o creditor_n and_o to_o glut_v their_o insatiate_a avarice_n to_o turn_v real_a tyrant_n and_o greedy_a wolf_n that_o devour_v the_o city_n and_o oppress_v the_o miserable_a people_n wherever_o they_o come_v which_o they_o be_v otherwise_o bind_v to_o protect_v and_o defend_v so_o that_o they_o may_v dispose_v of_o that_o employment_n to_o he_o that_o be_v able_a to_o purchase_v it_o but_o that_o for_o his_o part_n he_o will_v be_v content_v with_o what_o sell_v to_o his_o â—…t_n now_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n to_o write_v as_o many_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o there_o be_v mandarin_n that_o stand_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d upon_o little_a thin_a board_n which_o be_v throw_v into_o a_o vessel_n and_o every_o one_o be_v governor_n of_o that_o city_n of_o which_o he_o draw_v the_o name_n nevertheless_o when_o a_o man_n have_v agree_v with_o the_o tribunal_n the_o tablet_n be_v so_o order_v that_o the_o person_n draw_v the_o city_n which_o he_o desire_v however_o this_o artifice_n fail_v a_o mandarin_n in_o the_o year_n 1669_o who_o have_v give_v a_o good_a sum_n to_o a_o prothonotary_n who_o have_v promise_v he_o the_o ready_a draught_n of_o a_o city_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o not_o far_o distant_a for_o he_o draw_v a_o miserable_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quei_z cheu_o the_o most_o remote_a and_o the_o poor_a in_o the_o whole_a empire_n thereupon_o the_o wretched_a and_o unfortunate_a mandarin_n quite_o out_o of_o his_o wit_n at_o his_o ill_a success_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o tribunal_n or_o the_o presence_n of_o above_o three_o hundred_o mandarin_n rise_v up_o all_o in_o a_o rage_n for_o they_o draw_v upon_o their_o knee_n cry_v out_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n he_o be_v undo_v and_o throw_v off_o
of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o last_o because_o it_o be_v much_o more_o considerable_a than_o all_o the_o barbarous_a and_o poor_a kingdom_n that_o surround_v it_o that_o same_o hyperbolical_a word_n also_o tien_n hia_n or_o the_o kingdom_n that_o contain_v all_o that_o be_v under_o heaven_n be_v very_o frequent_o make_v use_n of_o so_o that_o when_o they_o say_v tien_n hia_n 〈◊〉_d â—…im_n all_o that_o be_v under_o heaven_n be_v in_o peace_n it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o to_o say_v china_n be_v in_o peace_n china_n likewise_o have_v other_o name_n which_o i_o forbear_v to_o mention_v because_o they_o be_v less_o in_o practice_n foreigner_n call_v it_o hara_n kitai_n catai_fw-mi cataio_n mangi_n nica_n corum_n chin_n china_n and_o kina_n the_o tartar_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o west_n call_v the_o chinese_n hara_n kitai_n or_o the_o black_a barbarian_n which_o be_v the_o name_n they_o give_v also_o to_o china_n itself_o the_o european_n instead_o of_o hara_n say_n cara_fw-it for_o that_o in_o regard_n the_o tartar_n pronounce_v ha_o with_o a_o very_a strong_a aspiration_n stranger_n believe_v they_o say_v cara_fw-it and_o not_o hara_n for_o that_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o marcus_n paulus_n and_o other_o author_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o can_v that_o emperor_n who_o between_o the_o year_n 1260_o and_o 1275._o conquer_v the_o western_a tartary_n and_o all_o china_n instead_o of_o call_v he_o have_fw-mi that_o be_v to_o say_v king_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o western_a tartar_n the_o same_o word_n also_o be_v at_o present_a in_o use_n among_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n who_o be_v master_n of_o china_n and_o who_o be_v former_o so_o barbarous_a that_o they_o have_v not_o any_o king_n nor_o any_o word_n to_o signify_v a_o king_n as_o we_o shall_v relate_v in_o its_o due_a place_n the_o muscovite_n as_o i_o be_v inform_v by_o some_o reside_v in_o this_o court_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o tartar_n call_v it_o kitai_n the_o kingdom_n of_o chahamalaha_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o which_o be_v mahumetan_n and_o which_o confine_n to_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la the_o kingdom_n of_o tumet_fw-la or_o tibet_n which_o environ_n a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la and_o xansi_fw-la and_o that_o of_o usangue_fw-fr border_v upon_o the_o province_n of_o sù_n chuen_n have_v corrupt_v the_o word_n kita_n call_v it_o kataâ—…_n and_o the_o merchant_n that_o come_v from_o indostan_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o indies_n call_v it_o cataio_n by_o which_o we_o clear_o find_v that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cataio_n of_o which_o father_n anthony_n de_fw-fr andradâ—…_n speak_v in_o his_o relation_n of_o tibet_n where_o he_o have_v be_v signify_v no_o more_o than_o china_n and_o that_o grand_a catai_n be_v no_o other_o then_o grand_a china_n to_o which_o alone_o may_v be_v attribute_v whatever_o have_v be_v say_v of_o china_n so_o much_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n seat_v between_o the_o indies_n and_o the_o eastern_a extremity_n of_o asia_n only_o those_o that_o lie_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v know_v the_o rest_n be_v small_a barbarous_a poor_a and_o untilled_a the_o eastern_a tartar_n moreover_o in_o derision_n call_v china_n nica_n corum_n or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o barbarian_n though_o at_o present_a now_o they_o be_v settle_v therein_o and_o be_v become_v master_n of_o it_o they_o call_v it_o tulimpa_n corum_n or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o middle_a the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o indian_n as_o canara_n bengala_n and_o other_o call_v it_o chin_n as_o i_o be_v inform_v in_o the_o province_n of_o sù_n chuen_n by_o two_o jognes_n of_o which_o the_o one_o have_v be_v at_o goa_n and_o have_v learn_v some_o portugal_n word_n and_o as_o i_o understand_v at_o pekim_n by_o some_o merchant_n of_o the_o country_n this_o name_n of_o chin_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v give_v to_o china_n by_o the_o indian_n because_o of_o the_o family_n of_o chin_n who_o reign_v a_o hundred_o sixty_o nine_o year_n after_o christ_n though_o i_o find_v more_o probability_n to_o believe_v that_o it_o come_v from_o the_o family_n of_o cin_n who_o reign_v two_o hundred_o forty_o six_o before_o christ_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o family_n be_v master_n of_o all_o china_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o province_n of_o yûn_a nân_n which_o be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o bengala_n because_o the_o chineses_n pronounce_v strong_o and_o whistle_v the_o word_n cin_n through_o the_o tooth_n the_o indian_n that_o can_v imitate_v they_o pronounce_v it_o chin_n and_o the_o portugal_n who_o take_v this_o word_n from_o the_o indian_n not_o have_v any_o word_n in_o their_o language_n that_o end_v in_o n_o have_v add_v a_o a_o at_o the_o latter_a end._n the_o italian_n write_v china_n like_o the_o portughese_n but_o they_o pronounce_v it_o kâ—…na_n and_o so_o they_o ought_v to_o write_v it_o cina_n to_o give_v it_o the_o same_o sound_n as_o the_o german_n who_o write_v schina_fw-la by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v we_o find_v apparent_o that_o cataio_n hara_n kitai_n and_o china_n be_v all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o not_o different_a kingdom_n as_o cluverius_n will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v who_o in_o his_o five_o book_n of_o his_o introduction_n to_o geography_n chapter_n five_o frame_v several_a kingdom_n as_o catai_n tangut_n tainfu_n and_o other_o which_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v borrow_a from_o marcus_n paulus_n whereas_o they_o be_v not_o the_o name_n of_o kingdom_n but_o only_o the_o corrupt_a name_n of_o certain_a city_n of_o china_n and_o this_o be_v particular_o manifest_a by_o the_o word_n tainfu_n which_o be_v no_o other_o than_o tai_n yuenfu_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la where_o the_o tartar_n settle_v their_o court_n before_o they_o conquer_a the_o province_n of_o pekim_n the_o description_n also_o which_o cluverius_n give_v of_o the_o province_n of_o tainfu_n agree_v perfect_o with_o that_o city_n and_o the_o country_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o for_o there_o be_v the_o best_a grape_n in_o china_n and_o good_a store_n of_o iron_n near_o the_o city_n of_o lû_fw-fr gân_n which_o furnish_v pekim_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o province_n especial_o those_o that_o lie_v towards_o the_o north_n with_o nail_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o iron_n utensil_n and_o instrument_n marcus_n paulus_n speak_v of_o another_o city_n of_o that_o province_n which_o he_o call_v pianfu_n though_o the_o chineses_n call_v it_o pim_n yà m_fw-la fù_fw-fr cluverius_n have_v also_o borrow_a from_o marcus_n paulus_n the_o corrupt_a word_n cambalu_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o catai_n for_o neither_o the_o western_a nor_o eastern_a tartar_n have_v any_o b._n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o due_a place_n in_o our_o tartarian_a alphabet_n so_o that_o marcus_n paulus_n instead_o of_o cam_n shall_v have_v write_v han_n that_o be_v king_n and_o instead_o of_o balu_n palu_n which_o signify_v court_n and_o consequent_o instead_o of_o cambalu_n hanpalu_n which_o in_o the_o tartarian_a language_n signify_v the_o king_n court._n and_o then_o he_o shall_v have_v take_v notice_n that_o there_o be_v two_o hanpalu_n or_o king_n court_n the_o ancient_a court_n at_o present_a but_o a_o mean_a place_n distant_a about_o three_o league_n from_o pekim_n towards_o the_o east_n which_o be_v call_v tum_o cheum_fw-la and_o the_o new_a court_n which_o be_v pekim_n which_o marcus_n paulus_n call_v taidu_n instead_o of_o tai_n tu_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o great_a court._n some_o author_n question_n whether_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mangi_n of_o which_o m._n paulus_n make_v such_o frequent_a mention_n be_v not_o a_o different_a kingdom_n from_o china_n but_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n to_o be_v make_v but_o that_o it_o be_v comprehend_v within_o it_o for_o m._n paulus_n divide_v china_n into_o two_o kingdom_n catai_n and_o mangi_n comprise_v under_o the_o name_n of_o catai_n all_o the_o nor_o thern_a province_n and_o under_o that_o of_o mangi_n all_o the_o southern_a the_o word_n mangi_n be_v derive_v from_o mânt_n zù_n which_o signify_v barbarous_a for_o that_o the_o southern_a chineses_n to_o mock_v the_o northern_a call_v they_o pe_fw-la tai_fw-la that_o be_v fool_n of_o the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o to_o pay_v the_o southern_a chineses_n in_o the_o same_o coin_n call_v they_o nân_o mân_o barbarian_n of_o the_o south_n or_o else_o bare_o mantzu_n barbarian_n the_o tartarian_n likewise_o in_o contempt_n of_o the_o chinese_n call_v they_o also_o mantzu_n or_o barbarian_n but_o in_o regard_n the_o tartarian_n especial_o the_o eastern_a can_v well_o pronounce_v the_o syllable_n tzu_fw-fr they_o say_v give_v mangi_n which_o i_o have_v hear_v a_o thousand_o and_o a_o thousand_o time_n for_o three_o and_o twenty_o year_n together_o that_o i_o live_v among_o they_o and_o so_o without_o question_n it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o m._n paulus_n who_o be_v
pekim_n be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o family_n of_o mim_n which_o of_o late_a year_n be_v destroy_v by_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n which_o be_v grant_v i_o answer_v that_o father_n martin_n to_o who_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n for_o fear_n of_o be_v tedious_a have_v very_o well_o unravel_v those_o difficulty_n and_o correct_v the_o hyperbole_n of_o m._n polo_n who_o like_o a_o young_a man_n as_o he_o be_v have_v enlarge_v many_o thing_n much_o beyond_o the_o truth_n nevertheless_o as_o to_o the_o number_n of_o twelve_o thousand_o bridge_n which_o m._n polo_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v in_o kimsai_n and_o which_o father_n martin_n grant_v for_o a_o truth_n i_o can_v so_o easy_o give_v my_o consent_n for_o beside_o that_o we_o have_v see_v the_o contrary_a the_o chineses_n themselves_o who_o stuff_n their_o write_n with_o so_o many_o impertinent_a particular_n will_v never_o have_v omit_v a_o circumstance_n of_o that_o importance_n also_o what_o m._n polo_n relate_v of_o the_o vastness_n of_o several_a bridge_n under_o which_o vessel_n may_v sail_v without_o strike_v their_o mast_n be_v no_o way_n probable_a since_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o so_o ruin_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o trace_n of_o such_o structure_n remain_v thus_o much_o i_o know_v that_o a_o famous_a chinese_n author_n who_o have_v write_v a_o treatise_n of_o the_o grandeur_n of_o this_o empire_n and_o of_o who_o i_o shall_v relate_v many_o thing_n hereafter_o do_v not_o allow_v the_o city_n of_o ham_n cheu_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o kimsai_n above_o five_o considerable_a bridge_n nor_o will_v he_o have_v fail_v to_o have_v speak_v of_o that_o extravagant_a height_n of_o the_o bridge_n of_o his_o country_n have_v there_o be_v any_o ground_n for_o his_o so_o do_v the_o rest_n that_o m._n polo_n relate_v concern_v this_o city_n be_v true_a grant_v he_o only_o some_o excursion_n and_o enlargement_n according_a to_o his_o custom_n but_o to_o clear_v all_o dispute_n concern_v this_o same_o city_n of_o kimsai_n more_o especial_o because_o father_n martini_n speak_v of_o this_o ham_n cheù_n in_o his_o atlas_n fol._n 109._o vary_v in_o what_o he_o say_v of_o the_o oriental_a and_o western_a tartar_n i_o shall_v here_o produce_v a_o extract_n which_o i_o take_v for_o this_o very_a purpose_n out_o of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o china_n to_o the_o end_n then_o that_o family_n may_v be_v reckon_v into_o the_o number_n of_o the_o imperial_a family_n of_o this_o empire_n of_o necessity_n that_o family_n must_v either_o have_v subdue_v the_o whole_a or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o for_o if_o it_o have_v conquer_v no_o more_o than_o only_o two_o or_o three_o province_n that_o family_n be_v only_o call_v pam-chao_n or_o a_o collateral_a kingdom_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o direct_a line_n of_o the_o imperial_a family_n those_o than_o that_o we_o be_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o be_v of_o that_o number_n in_o the_o year_n of_o jesus_n christ_n 1200._o a_o captain_n of_o the_o oriental_a tarâ—…ars_n that_o some_o year_n since_o subdue_v this_o empire_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n xansi_fw-fr and_o xantum_fw-la which_o the_o yellow_a river_n separate_v from_o the_o other_o twelve_o thereupon_o he_o cause_v himself_o to_o be_v crown_v king_n and_o name_v his_o family_n tai-leao_a some_o year_n after_o another_o captain_n of_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n make_v war_n upon_o he_o get_v possession_n of_o his_o kingdom_n exterminate_v the_o reign_v family_n and_o call_v his_o own_o and_o his_o kingdom_n tai-kinque_a or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gold_n which_o continue_v till_o the_o year_n 1260._o at_o what_o time_n the_o other_o twelve_o province_n be_v subdue_v by_o a_o emperor_n of_o the_o family_n of_o sûm_fw-la upon_o this_o some_o of_o his_o chief_a minister_n advise_v he_o to_o send_v great_a present_n to_o the_o grand_a have_fw-mi who_o have_v a_o little_a before_o subdue_v the_o western_a tartar_n and_o to_o desire_v his_o assistance_n for_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o tartar_n out_o of_o the_o three_o province_n which_o they_o have_v usurp_v but_o other_o of_o his_o councillor_n lay_v before_o he_o the_o ill_a consequence_n of_o provoke_v that_o terrible_a nation_n of_o the_o western_a tartar_n or_o molest_v the_o eastern_a with_o who_o they_o have_v for_o several_a year_n preserve_v a_o amicable_a correspondence_n withal_o that_o it_o be_v no_o good_a policy_n to_o expel_v tiger_n and_o bring_v more_o cruel_a lion_n into_o their_o room_n nevertheless_o the_o first_o counsel_n though_o the_o worst_a be_v follow_v and_o the_o grand_a have_fw-mi be_v call_v in_o with_o his_o tartar_n already_o the_o vanquisher_n of_o so_o many_o nation_n who_o in_o a_o short_a time_n exterminate_v the_o family_n of_o tai_n kim_n and_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o three_o province_n but_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v finish_v that_o conquest_n perfidious_o they_o turn_v their_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n of_o china_n who_o keep_v his_o court_n in_o a_o city_n belong_v to_o the_o province_n of_o hônân_n border_v upon_o the_o yellow_a river_n this_o prince_n be_v terrify_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o those_o barbarian_n flee_v in_o all_o haste_n to_o the_o city_n of_o ham_n cheû_fw-fr in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la where_o he_o settle_v his_o court._n of_o which_o the_o have_fw-mi no_o soon_o have_v intelligence_n but_o he_o cross_v the_o yellow_a river_n and_o after_o little_a or_o no_o resistance_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o province_n of_o honorio_n nam_n nan_n kim_n and_o vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la and_o consequent_o of_o the_o village_n of_o ham_n cheû_fw-fr which_o m._n polo_n call_v kimsai_n thereupon_o the_o king_n of_o china_n flee_v into_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_a and_o from_o thence_o into_o that_o of_o quamtum_fw-la where_o have_v embark_a himself_o with_o a_o design_n to_o seek_v out_o foreign_a shelter_n he_o suffer_v shipwreck_n in_o the_o golf_n of_o the_o island_n of_o haî_fw-la nân_fw-la and_o there_o miserable_o perish_v so_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o china_n submit_v voluntary_o to_o the_o grand_a har._n this_o be_v what_o i_o have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o china_n by_o which_o it_o be_v clear_o to_o be_v see_v that_o ham_n cheû_fw-fr and_o kimsai_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o city_n and_o that_o the_o word_n tai_n kim_n do_v not_o signify_v a_o mountain_n there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o tartary_n as_o it_o be_v imagine_v but_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gold._n which_o be_v the_o title_n that_o be_v former_o give_v to_o the_o oriental_a tartar_n note_n and_o explanation_n of_o the_o first_o chapter_n p._n 3._o as_o we_o shall_v relate_v in_o its_o due_a place_n the_o author_n as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v in_o the_o preface_n not_o be_v able_a to_o finish_v this_o work_n have_v not_o according_a to_o his_o promise_n make_v out_o the_o original_a of_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n nevertheless_o several_a author_n have_v make_v some_o mention_n of_o they_o as_o father_n martini_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o war_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o atlas_n of_o china_n the_o embassy_n of_o the_o hollander_n to_o pekim_n father_n adam_n schall_n in_o his_o letter_n print_v at_o vienna_n in_o the_o year_n 1665._o and_o father_n couplet_n in_o his_o chronology_n of_o china_n print_v this_o year_n by_o which_o author_n and_o particular_o by_o the_o two_o latter_a it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o a_o little_a while_n since_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n now_o master_n of_o china_n have_v have_v any_o king_n and_o that_o the_o original_a of_o those_o princess_n be_v so_o obscure_a that_o as_o modern_a as_o it_o be_v it_o be_v altogether_o intermix_v with_o fable_n father_n adam_n report_v that_o the_o elder_a of_o the_o uncle_n of_o the_o emperor_n xunchi_n the_o father_n of_o he_o that_o now_o reign_v have_v tell_v he_o several_a time_n that_o it_o be_v about_o ten_o generation_n since_o that_o three_o nymph_n or_o goddess_n call_v augela_n chaugula_n and_o foecula_n descend_v from_o heaven_n to_o bathe_v themselves_o in_o a_o river_n of_o tartary_n that_o foecula_n have_v discover_v under_o her_o clothes_n which_o she_o leave_v upon_o the_o shore_n a_o sort_n of_o nightshade_n or_o herb_n call_v alkakengi_n with_o red_a fruit_n devour_v it_o with_o such_o a_o greedy_a appetite_n that_o she_o become_v with_o child_n that_o her_o two_o companion_n return_v to_o heaven_n she_o remain_v upon_o earth_n till_o she_o be_v bring_v to_o bed_n of_o a_o boy_n which_o she_o suckle_v and_o afterward_o leave_v in_o a_o island_n of_o the_o river_n tell_v he_o that_o she_o be_v return_v to_o heaven_n but_o that_o a_o fisherman_n will_v come_v and_o take_v
care_n of_o his_o education_n which_o happen_v according_o that_o this_o child_n become_v a_o man_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a valour_n and_o that_o his_o son_n and_o grand_a child_n rule_v this_o country_n but_o that_o in_o the_o five_o generation_n the_o people_n rebel_v against_o this_o family_n which_o they_o defeat_v and_o exterminate_v all_o but_o one_o who_o betake_v himself_o to_o flight_n this_o prince_n be_v close_o pursue_v and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o run_v any_o far_a sit_v himself_o down_o upon_o the_o ground_n despair_v to_o save_v his_o life_n at_o what_o time_n a_o magpie_n come_v and_o perch_v upon_o his_o head_n and_o delude_v his_o enemy_n who_o take_v he_o for_o the_o stump_n of_o a_o tree_n and_o not_o for_o a_o man._n and_o thus_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o see_v as_o father_n adam_n observe_v that_o thus_o far_o the_o relation_n be_v altogether_o fabulous_a and_o clear_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o original_a of_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n be_v very_o obscure_a and_o have_v nothing_o of_o illustrious_a or_o renown_a that_o which_o follow_v be_v certain_a and_o unquestionable_a in_o regard_v the_o person_n such_o as_o he_o be_v live_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o age_n and_o make_v himself_o sufficient_o know_v by_o the_o bloody_a war_n which_o he_o make_v upon_o the_o chinese_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n who_o the_o chinese_n mandarin_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v murder_v and_o of_o other_o outrage_n commit_v against_o his_o nation_n father_n adam_n say_v that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o valley_n of_o moncheu_o which_o father_n martini_n take_v for_o a_o great_a city_n the_o emperor_n van-liè_a give_v he_o the_o government_n of_o that_o same_o valley_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n upon_o condition_n he_o shall_v defend_v they_o against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o oriental_a tartar_n who_o be_v divide_v into_o seven_o small_a principality_n he_o be_v call_v tiel_n mini_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1628._o his_o son_n a_o person_n of_o more_o wisdom_n and_o moderation_n continue_v the_o war_n till_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1634._o cumtè_fw-fr his_o son_n in_o some_o measure_n complete_v the_o conquest_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n but_o die_v before_o he_o obtain_v the_o possession_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1644._o his_o son_n xunchi_fw-la at_o the_o age_n of_o six_o year_n be_v acknowledge_v emperor_n at_o pekim_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1662._o leave_v for_o his_o successor_n his_o son_n camtri_n the_o monarch_n reign_v at_o present_a this_o catalogue_n of_o the_o tartarian_a prince_n of_o father_n adam_n confirm_v by_o father_n couplet_n in_o his_o chronology_n by_o father_n rouge-mount_n in_o his_o historia_n tartaro-sinica_a and_o the_o embassy_n of_o the_o hollander_n give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o father_n magaillans_n have_v good_a reason_n to_o justify_v himself_o for_o say_v that_o the_o tartar_n have_v neither_o any_o king_n nor_o any_o word_n to_o signify_v a_o king_n see_v that_o it_o be_v but_o in_o this_o age_n that_o their_o prince_n have_v derive_v their_o original_a from_o a_o petty_a captain_n of_o a_o hord_n or_o chief_a leader_n of_o banditi_n or_o wander_a tartar_n here_o we_o be_v far_a to_o observe_v that_o tartary_n which_o comprehend_v all_o the_o northern_a asia_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o chinese_n into_o western_a and_o eastern_a the_o inhabitant_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n night-wanderer_n with_o their_o flock_n and_o herd_n and_o live_v in_o tent_n but_o the_o western_a be_v incomparable_o more_o potent_a than_o the_o eastern_a in_o regard_n they_o possess_v all_o that_o country_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n and_o the_o country_n of_o the_o mogul_n the_o persian_a and_o the_o muscovite_n all_o which_o they_o possess_v entire_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o saint_n lewis_n the_o eastern_a tartary_n reach_v from_o the_o country_n of_o leaotûm_fw-la beyond_o japon_n and_o comprehend_v the_o province_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr to_o the_o north_n of_o corea_n the_o province_n of_o niulhan_n to_o the_o north_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr that_o of_o yupi_n to_o the_o east_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr and_o the_o country_n of_o yâ—…co_n to_o the_o north-east_n of_o japon_n and_o to_o the_o east_n of_o yupi_n but_o these_o country_n be_v poor_a and_o ill_o people_v there_o be_v not_o above_o two_o or_o three_o little_a city_n in_o they_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v barren_a uncultivated_a and_o full_a of_o wood_n and_o mountain_n verbiest_n nevertheless_o these_o tartar_n be_v not_o a_o little_a formidable_a when_o they_o be_v unite_v as_o be_v harden_v to_o labour_n in_o a_o rigorous_a climate_n and_o almost_o always_o ahorleback_n and_o employ_v in_o hunt_v or_o busy_v in_o war._n they_o make_v themselves_o know_v by_o their_o incursion_n into_o china_n above_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n and_o in_o the_o twelve_o age_n after_o the_o incarnation_n they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o province_n of_o leaotum_n pekim_n xensi_fw-la xansi_fw-la and_o xantum_fw-la but_o the_o ancestor_n of_o the_o tartarian_a prince_n who_o reign_v in_o china_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v master_n of_o all_o the_o eastern_a tartary_n that_o they_o be_v not_o lord_n of_o all_o the_o province_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr where_o as_o have_v be_v say_v there_o be_v seven_o or_o eight_o destinct_a sovereign_n and_o father_n adam_n observe_v that_o tienâ—…um_n great_a grand_a father_n to_o the_o emperor_n reign_v at_o present_a when_o he_o enter_v into_o china_n have_v not_o above_o eight_o thousand_o man_n which_o be_v soon_o increase_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n and_o a_o innumerable_a number_n of_o the_o western_a tartar_n which_o the_o fame_n of_o his_o victory_n and_o the_o noise_n of_o prodigious_a booty_n draw_v to_o his_o assistance_n p._n 3._o the_o kingdom_n of_o chahamalaha_n who_o inhabitant_n be_v mahometan_n and_o which_o border_n upon_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la this_o name_n of_o chahamalaha_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v as_o i_o very_o believe_v in_o any_o map_n nor_o in_o any_o other_o relation_n but_o i_o be_o persuade_v by_o what_o our_o author_n say_v of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o place_n which_o father_n martini_n call_v samahania_n and_o which_o as_o he_o do_v i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o country_n of_o the_o usbeg_n or_o of_o mauralnara_n of_o which_o samarcand_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n for_o that_o we_o know_v not_o of_o any_o other_o kingdom_n of_o mahometan_n to_o the_o west_n of_o xensi_fw-la where_o there_o be_v several_a considerable_a city_n palace_n and_o house_n artificial_o build_v and_o good_a architecture_n store_n of_o gold_n and_o silver-plate_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o the_o chineses_n allow_v the_o country_n of_o samahania_n or_o samahan_n by_o the_o report_n of_o father_n martini_n nor_o must_v we_o be_v surprise_v that_o the_o chineses_n assure_v we_o that_o this_o kingdom_n border_n upon_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la for_o that_o they_o never_o travel_v towards_o the_o west_n nor_o have_v any_o other_o knowledge_n of_o the_o country_n situate_v westward_o than_o what_o they_o learn_v from_o the_o information_n of_o the_o caravan_n that_o come_v once_o in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n to_o trade_n in_o china_n under_o pretence_n of_o a_o embassy_n for_o the_o merchant_n make_v use_v of_o that_o invention_n to_o get_v leave_n to_o enter_v into_o china_n which_o will_v be_v otherwise_o deny_v they_o they_o rendezvous_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cascar_n as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o travel_n of_o benedict_n goez_n insert_v into_o the_o relation_n of_o father_n trigaut_n but_o former_o and_o especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o tamerlan_n who_o make_v samarcand_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o the_o world_n they_o go_v for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o that_o city_n and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o those_o merchant_n to_o give_v themselves_o the_o great_a reputation_n assume_v to_o themselves_o to_o be_v all_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o samarcand_n and_o that_o the_o chinese_n who_o want_v the_o letter_n r_o and_o easy_o confound_v c._n with_o h_n write_v samahand_o instead_o of_o samarcand_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n also_o the_o chineses_n observe_v the_o merchant_n arrive_v à _fw-la sucheu_fw-la the_o last_o city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la and_o style_v themselves_o all_o native_n of_o samahan_n or_o samarcand_n may_v ready_o believe_v that_o samahan_n border_v upon_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la p._n 3._o usanguè_fw-fr this_o must_v certain_o be_v the_o same_o country_n which_o father_n martini_n call_v usucang_v and_o which_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o kingdom_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v sifan_n situate_v to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o province_n
they_o from_o other_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o contempt_n of_o foreigner_n the_o people_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o these_o lord_n speak_v the_o same_o language_n with_o the_o chinese_n although_o beside_o that_o they_o have_v a_o particular_a language_n also_o their_o manner_n and_o custom_n be_v somewhat_o different_a from_o those_o of_o the_o chinese_n nevertheless_o their_o complexion_n and_o the_o shape_n of_o their_o body_n be_v altogether_o alike_o but_o as_o to_o their_o courage_n you_o will_v think_v they_o to_o be_v quite_o another_o nation_n the_o chineses_n stand_v in_o fear_n of_o they_o so_o that_o after_o several_a trial_n which_o they_o have_v make_v of_o their_o prowess_n they_o have_v be_v force_v to_o let_v they_o live_v at_o their_o own_o liberty_n and_o to_o consent_v to_o a_o free_a traffic_n and_o commerce_n with_o they_o in_o the_o relation_n which_o i_o have_v make_v of_o that_o famous_a tyrant_n châm_fw-la hiém_fw-la chùm_fw-la concern_v which_o father_n martini_n write_v to_o i_o upon_o his_o return_n out_o of_o europe_n that_o he_o have_v leave_v a_o copy_n of_o it_o in_o the_o secretary_n office_n at_o rome_n and_o another_o in_o the_o college_n of_o conimbre_n where_o it_o be_v public_o read_v i_o give_v a_o account_n of_o what_o beâ—…ell_v one_o of_o these_o sovereign_a lord_n i_o shall_v here_o repeat_v it_o in_o few_o word_n to_o the_o end_n the_o puissance_n of_o this_o empire_n may_v be_v the_o better_o understand_v where_o they_o make_v little_a account_n of_o the_o force_n of_o these_o lord_n though_o they_o be_v very_o considerable_a and_o that_o their_o dominion_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o province_n of_o china_n the_o tyrant_n cham_n hien_n chum_n not_o endure_v there_o shall_v be_v any_o one_o that_o refuse_v to_o yield_v he_o obedience_n in_o the_o province_n where_o he_o have_v cause_v himself_o to_o be_v crown_v and_o where_o he_o vaunt_v that_o he_o have_v lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o his_o empire_n send_v a_o command_n to_o one_o of_o these_o lord_n who_o principality_n lie_v near_o to_o his_o court_n to_o come_v and_o attend_v his_o person_n acknowledge_v he_o his_o sovereign_n and_o pay_v he_o that_o tribute_n which_o be_v due_a to_o he_o the_o lord_n send_v he_o back_o for_o answer_n that_o neither_o he_o nor_o his_o predecessor_n have_v ever_o pay_v any_o tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n which_o answer_v put_v the_o tyrant_n into_o such_o a_o chase_n that_o he_o immediate_o send_v a_o army_n to_o force_v he_o to_o obedience_n but_o his_o army_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n deseated_a by_o the_o prince_n i_o be_o hien_n chum_n thereupon_o raise_v another_o army_n more_o numerous_a than_o the_o first_o and_o march_v himself_o in_o person_n to_o enter_v the_o territory_n of_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a courage_n and_o favour_v by_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n give_v the_o tyrant_n battle_n overthrow_v he_o and_o force_v he_o to_o retire_v enrage_v at_o his_o ill_a success_n yet_o more_o animate_v to_o revenge_n then_o ever_o for_o that_o reason_n he_o raise_v a_o three_o army_n and_o give_v the_o command_n of_o it_o to_o his_o first_o adopt_a son_n call_v sum_n co_n vam_fw-la of_o who_o i_o have_v sometime_o make_v mention_n in_o the_o annual_a letter_n of_o this_o mission_n he_o be_v a_o person_n learned_a prudent_a courageous_a and_o so_o affable_a and_o good_a nature_a that_o many_o time_n he_o effect_v those_o thing_n by_o his_o prudence_n and_o sweetness_n which_o his_o father_n can_v not_o bring_v to_o pass_v with_o all_o his_o arm_a force_n and_o cruelty_n and_o indeed_o he_o know_v so_o well_o to_o manage_v the_o haughty_a spirit_n of_o the_o stubborn_a prince_n that_o he_o not_o only_o oblige_v the_o prince_n to_o acknowledge_v his_o father_n for_o his_o sovereign_n but_o to_o assist_v he_o with_o man_n and_o money_n to_o complete_a his_o conquest_n of_o china_n he_o carry_v he_o in_o his_o company_n to_o the_o court_n with_o all_o his_o army_n consist_v of_o forty_o thousand_o man_n all_o pick_v and_o choose_v young_a man_n clad_v in_o the_o same_o colour_a habit_n and_o arm_v with_o a_o sort_n of_o cuirass_n and_o headpiece_n of_o quilt_a cotton_n upon_o his_o arrival_n the_o prince_n muster_v his_o army_n in_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o those_o kind_n of_o exercise_n in_o every_o city_n of_o china_n the_o tyrant_n on_o the_o other_o side_n receive_v he_o with_o many_o extraordinary_a caress_n and_o mark_n of_o his_o favour_n and_o hearty_a affection_n and_o invite_v he_o public_o to_o a_o solemn_a feast_n the_o next_o day_n where_o the_o prince_n fail_v not_o to_o attend_v he_o but_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o music_n the_o comedy_n and_o jollity_n of_o the_o banquet_n the_o perfidious_a and_o cruel_a tyrant_n order_v a_o most_o rank_a and_o nimble_a poison_n to_o be_v present_v he_o in_o a_o glass_n of_o wine_n which_o dispatch_v he_o in_o a_o few_o moment_n which_o do_v he_o cause_v his_o whole_a army_n ready_a draw_v up_o for_o that_o purpose_n to_o surround_v and_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o unfortunate_a prince_n and_o not_o to_o let_v a_o man_n escape_v which_o be_v execute_v with_o so_o much_o the_o more_o ease_n because_o the_o poor_a people_n not_o mistrust_v any_o such_o treachery_n be_v surprise_v without_o a_o leader_n without_o arm_n and_o all_o in_o disorder_n and_o of_o this_o accident_n i_o myself_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n which_o i_o therefore_o here_o relate_v to_o show_v the_o grandeur_n of_o this_o empire_n nor_o ought_v any_o man_n to_o scruple_n the_o belief_n of_o what_o i_o have_v here_o relate_v concern_v the_o number_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n far_o more_o numerous_a than_o what_o father_n martini_n set_v down_o in_o regard_n i_o take_v in_o all_o those_o belong_v to_o these_o petty_a sovereign_n who_o principality_n though_o they_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o emperor_n be_v nevertheless_o seat_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o his_o empire_n in_o the_o four_o province_n which_o i_o have_v name_v i_o have_v also_o include_v the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la and_o of_o the_o province_n of_o yun_n nan_n which_o the_o chineses_n excessive_o addict_v to_o their_o own_o formality_n never_o put_v into_o their_o ordinary_a catalogue_n but_o in_o the_o particular_a which_o i_o have_v say_v they_o make_v of_o the_o reign_v of_o certain_a family_n the_o chineses_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v print_v a_o public_a â—…inerary_n which_o contain_v all_o the_o road_n and_o passage_n as_o well_o by_o water_n as_o by_o land_n from_o pe_n kim_v to_o the_o utmost_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n this_o book_n the_o mandarin_n buy_v when_o they_o go_v from_o court_n to_o their_o several_a government_n and_o employment_n at_o a_o distance_n as_o also_o all_o other_o traveller_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o know_v the_o road_n the_o distance_n of_o one_o place_n from_o another_o and_o the_o furlong_n of_o every_o journey_n in_o this_o book_n all_o the_o royal_a highway_n in_o the_o empire_n be_v divide_v into_o eleven_o hundred_o forty_o five_o day_n journey_n every_o one_o of_o which_o have_v a_o certain_a place_n where_o the_o mandarin_n be_v lodge_v and_o entertain_v at_o the_o king_n expense_n when_o they_o go_v to_o their_o several_a employment_n but_o when_o they_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o charge_n they_o lose_v also_o the_o privilege_n of_o royal_a entertainment_n these_o eleven_o hundred_o forty_o five_o place_n be_v call_v you_o or_o chin_n that_o be_v to_o say_v place_n of_o entertainment_n and_o attendance_n and_o this_o name_n be_v give_v to_o they_o not_o without_o reason_n for_o there_o they_o wait_v for_o the_o come_n of_o the_o mandarin_n with_o as_o much_o care_n and_o circumspection_n as_o if_o they_o be_v upon_o their_o guard_n against_o a_o arm_a enemy_n of_o these_o place_n there_o be_v seven_o hundred_o thirty_o five_o in_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o order_n in_o the_o frontier_n town_n and_o in_o the_o castle_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o empire_n two_o hundred_o and_o five_o in_o the_o place_n call_v you_o and_o three_o hundred_o and_o three_o in_o the_o place_n call_v chin._n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v former_o build_v in_o those_o place_n where_o there_o be_v no_o town_n and_o may_v be_v call_v town_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n because_o they_o be_v all_o wall_v have_v mandarin_n for_o their_o governor_n and_o because_o there_o be_v some_o which_o be_v large_a and_o better_o people_v then_o many_o town_n and_o city_n there_o be_v a_o hundred_o and_o two_o which_o have_v no_o wall_n but_o such_o as_o be_v very_o large_a and_o very_a populous_a the_o day_n before_o the_o mandarin_n set_v forward_o a_o courier_n
restrain_v some_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o duty_n than_o the_o tartar_n enlarge_v their_o offer_n but_o then_o such_o be_v the_o eager_a desire_n of_o those_o perfidious_a officer_n to_o heap_v up_o wealth_n that_o at_o length_n they_o surrender_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o small_a number_n of_o half_a barbarian_n the_o rich_a and_o most_o populous_a kingdom_n in_o the_o world._n in_o the_o same_o book_n you_o see_v the_o number_n of_o soldier_n that_o keep_v guard_n upon_o the_o frontier_n to_o the_o number_n of_o nine_o hundred_o and_o two_o thousand_o and_o fifty_o four_o the_o auxiliary_a force_n that_o lie_v ready_a to_o march_v to_o their_o assistance_n when_o the_o tartar_n be_v upon_o enter_v into_o china_n be_v innumerable_a there_o be_v nine_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o nine_o thousand_o a_o hundred_o sixty_o seven_o horse_n appoint_v for_o those_o force_n the_o emperor_n expense_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n amount_v every_o year_n to_o 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and_o of_o one_o friend_n towards_o another_o these_o rule_n include_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o moral_n but_o i_o shall_v dilate_v no_o far_o upon_o this_o subject_n for_o that_o i_o shall_v never_o be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o end_n shall_v i_o go_v about_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o all_o that_o they_o write_v of_o the_o loyalty_n of_o subject_n towards_o their_o prince_n of_o obedience_n of_o child_n towards_o their_o parent_n of_o the_o submission_n of_o wife_n towards_o they_o husband_n of_o brotherly_a affection_n and_o that_o amity_n and_o respect_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v among_o friend_n i_o can_v speak_v of_o the_o noble_a order_n observe_v in_o their_o political_a government_n but_o for_o that_o i_o shall_v reserve_v a_o whole_a chaptâ—…r_n before_o i_o finish_v this_o relation_n among_o the_o festival_n of_o the_o chinese_n one_o of_o those_o which_o they_o celebrate_v with_o most_o joy_n and_o solemnity_n be_v the_o fifteen_o day_n of_o the_o first_o moon_n 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tyrant_n cham_fw-mi hien_fw-fr chum_n he_o invite_v we_o to_o see_v the_o firework_n which_o he_o have_v order_v to_o be_v prepare_v against_o the_o night_n of_o this_o same_o fifteen_o day_n and_o indeed_o there_o be_v a_o infinite_a number_n admirable_a for_o their_o curiosity_n and_o their_o invention_n but_o that_o which_o most_o surprise_v i_o be_v the_o follow_a machime_n this_o be_v a_o arbour_n cover_v with_o a_o vine_n of_o red_a grape_n of_o which_o all_o the_o joiner_n work_n burn_v without_o consume_v while_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o stock_n of_o the_o vine_n the_o branch_n the_o leave_n the_o cluster_n and_o grape_n themselves_o consume_v by_o degree_n yet_o not_o so_o but_o that_o you_o may_v all_o the_o while_n discern_v the_o redness_n of_o the_o cluster_n the_o green_a of_o the_o leave_n the_o chestnut_n colour_n of_o the_o vine_n so_o lively_o represent_v that_o you_o will_v have_v swear_v that_o every_o thing_n have_v be_v natural_a and_o not_o counterfeit_v 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and_o largeness_n all_o those_o of_o other_o kingdom_n which_o be_v know_v to_o we_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o principal_a mandarin_n appear_v to_o be_v city_n and_o the_o house_n of_o wealthy_a private_a person_n resemble_v so_o many_o palace_n they_o consist_v of_o five_o or_o six_o apartment_n not_o one_o above_o another_o as_o in_o europe_n but_o one_o beyond_o another_o and_o upon_o the_o same_o platform_n every_o apartment_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o other_o by_o a_o large_a court_n from_o which_o you_o ascend_v into_o the_o hall_n and_o chamber_n by_o a_o ascent_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o step_n i_o have_v speak_v in_o general_a of_o their_o work_n and_o building_n in_o the_o second_o chapter_n i_o have_v also_o describe_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n the_o celebrate_a bridge_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v not_o far_o from_o pekim_a and_o i_o intend_v to_o speak_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o last_o of_o the_o emperor_n palace_n nevertheless_o that_o i_o may_v give_v a_o more_o just_a idea_n of_o the_o grandeur_n and_o magnificence_n of_o the_o public_a work_n of_o china_n i_o shall_v here_o make_v a_o rehearsal_n of_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v in_o the_o annual_a letter_n of_o the_o year_n 1659._o touch_v the_o grand_a canal_n which_o if_o i_o be_o not_o deceive_v surpass_v all_o other_o work_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v now_o above_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o since_o the_o western_a tartar_n conquer_a all_o china_n their_o emperor_n settle_v his_o residence_n in_o the_o city_n of_o pekim_a which_o he_o found_v anew_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v govern_v his_o territory_n with_o more_o ease_n for_o that_o he_o be_v also_o lord_n of_o all_o the_o western_a tartary_n which_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n to_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o mogul_n to_o persia_n and_o the_o caspian_a sea._n but_o in_o regard_n the_o northern_a province_n can_v not_o furnish_v so_o large_a a_o city_n with_o provision_n necessary_a for_o their_o subsistence_n he_o order_v a_o great_a number_n of_o vessel_n to_o be_v build_v to_o bring_v victual_n spice_n and_o merchandise_n of_o all_o sort_n to_o pekim_a from_o the_o southern_a province_n however_o perceive_v the_o incertainty_n of_o those_o voyage_n and_o how_o that_o calm_n and_o tempest_n cause_v the_o loss_n of_o a_o infinite_a quantity_n of_o provision_n and_o merchandise_n he_o employ_v workman_n without_o number_n who_o at_o vast_a expense_n and_o with_o a_o unparalleled_a industry_n open_v a_o canal_n three_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o chinese_n furlong_n or_o two_o hundred_o forty_o five_o portugal_n league_n in_o length_n through_o several_a province_n this_o canal_n as_o well_o to_o weaken_v the_o current_n of_o the_o stream_n as_o to_o make_v it_o more_o deep_a by_o retain_v the_o water_n within_o it_o be_v furnish_v with_o seventy_o two_o sluice_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v chan_n they_o have_v every_o one_o great_a gate_n which_o be_v make_v of_o large_a piece_n of_o timber_n and_o which_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o night_n but_o set_v open_a in_o the_o day_n time_n for_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o sluice_n be_v pass_v through_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o ease_n but_o there_o be_v some_o which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v shoot_v but_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n and_o danger_n more_o especial_o one_o which_o the_o chineses_n call_v tien_n fi-cha_a or_o the_o queen_n and_o mistress_n of_o heaven_n thereby_o to_o express_v in_o hyperbolical_a term_n the_o extraordinary_a height_n of_o it_o when_o the_o bark_n be_v row_v against_o the_o stream_n and_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o sluice_n the_o waterman_n fasten_v to_o the_o prow_n a_o great_a number_n of_o cable_n and_o cordage_n which_o be_v draw_v on_o both_o side_n the_o canal_n by_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o man_n and_o sometime_o more_o according_a to_o the_o burden_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o lade_n other_o at_o the_o same_o time_n labour_n at_o capstanes_n place_v upon_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o sluice_n which_o be_v very_o broad_a and_o build_v of_o freestone_n beside_o the_o rope_n already_o mention_v there_o be_v other_o which_o be_v very_o strong_a wound_v about_o great_a pillar_n of_o stone_n or_o wood_n to_o hold_v the_o vessel_n if_o any_o of_o the_o other_o cordage_n shall_v chance_v to_o break_v when_o these_o cord_n be_v all_o fasten_v they_o begin_v to_o haule_v by_o degree_n as_o it_o be_v keep_v time_n to_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o basin_n upon_o which_o they_o knock_v at_o first_o but_o soft_o and_o with_o some_o interval_n between_o the_o stroke_n but_o when_o half_a the_o bark_n at_o least_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o upper_a channel_n in_o regard_n the_o current_n be_v then_o much_o strong_a they_o knock_v upon_o the_o basin_n with_o thick_a stroke_n at_o what_o time_n the_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o haule_n all_o together_o with_o loud_a hey_o boy_n and_o give_v such_o a_o stretch_n that_o the_o vessel_n mount_v up_o in_o a_o moment_n and_o be_v secure_v in_o the_o dead_a water_n between_o the_o side_n of_o the_o canal_n and_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o current_n the_o vessel_n on_o the_o other_o side_n fall_v down_o with_o more_o speed_n and_o ease_n but_o with_o more_o danger_n for_o the_o prevention_n of_o which_o they_o fasten_v a_o great_a number_n of_o cord_n to_o the_o poop_n which_o be_v let_v go_v or_o hold_v right_o with_o equal_a care_n and_o observation_n by_o those_o that_o hold_v the_o rope_n on_o both_o side_n the_o canal_n at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o be_v other_o man_n on_o both_o side_n the_o vessel_n who_o with_o long_a pole_n with_o iron_n head_n guide_v the_o bark_n through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o canal_n to_o prevent_v she_o strike_v against_o the_o jaume_n or_o great_a stone_n to_o which_o the_o gate_n be_v fasten_v which_o when_o the_o bark_n have_v pass_v the_o cord_n be_v le_fw-fr we_o go_v which_o keep_v she_o from_o plunge_a and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o currant_n carry_v she_o as_o swift_a as_o a_o arrow_n out_o of_o a_o bow_n till_o she_o stop_v by_o degree_n as_o the_o stream_n grow_v weak_a and_o weak_a and_o carry_v she_o according_a to_o her_o usual_a course_n this_o canal_n begin_v at_o the_o city_n of_o tum_o cheu_n distant_a about_o two_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o pekim_a there_o be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n a_o river_n with_o the_o current_n of_o which_o vessel_n drive_v till_o near_o the_o sea_n it_o fall_v into_o another_o through_o which_o the_o vessel_n sail_v for_o some_o few_o day_n but_o than_o you_o come_v into_o a_o canal_n make_v with_o hand_n and_o after_o you_o have_v sail_v twenty_o or_o five_o and_o twenty_o league_n you_o come_v to_o a_o temple_n call_v fuen_v hui_o miaò_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o spirit_n which_o divide_v the_o water_n as_o far_o as_o this_o place_n you_o row_v upon_o the_o canal_n against_o the_o stream_n but_o when_o you_o come_v just_a against_o this_o temple_n you_o begin_v to_o swim_v with_o the_o stream_n and_o make_v use_v only_o of_o your_o oar_n now_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v of_o our_o engineer_n and_o famous_a wit_n of_o europe_n how_o this_o can_v be_v and_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o work_n of_o art_n or_o nature_n a_o bark_n lie_v cross_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o canal_n with_o the_o prow_n to_o the_o west_n on_o the_o temple_n side_n and_o the_o poop_n to_o the_o east_n now_o on_o the_o one_o side_n the_o water_n run_v towards_o the_o north_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o run_v towards_o the_o south_n to_o unfold_v this_o riddle_n you_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o on_o the_o east_n side_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o about_o half_a a_o day_n journey_n there_o lie_v a_o great_a lake_n between_o high_a mountain_n the_o water_n of_o which_o swell_v a_o good_a large_a river_n that_o bend_v its_o course_n towards_o the_o sea_n upon_o the_o east_n side_n now_o the_o chineses_n stop_v up_o that_o outlet_n and_o have_v cut_v through_o the_o mountain_n open_v a_o canal_n by_o which_o they_o bring_v the_o water_n to_o the_o temple_n in_o that_o part_n they_o hallow_a two_o other_o canal_n one_o towards_o the_o north_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o this_o with_o so_o true_a a_o proportion_n and_o regular_a line_n that_o the_o water_n come_v to_o the_o middle_n before_o the_o temple_n take_v their_o leaf_n and_o one_o part_n of_o the_o stream_n run_v equal_o to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o south_n as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o follow_a figure_n this_o canal_n in_o some_o place_n run_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o
city_n in_o other_o place_n along_o by_o the_o wall_n it_o cross_v one_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pe-kim_n afterward_o all_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n tum_fw-la and_o after_o it_o have_v enter_v into_o the_o province_n of_o nan_n kim_v discharge_v itself_o into_o that_o great_a and_o rapid_a river_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v the_o yellow_a river_n upon_o this_o river_n you_o sail_v for_o about_o two_o day_n and_o then_o you_o come_v into_o another_o where_o you_o sail_v about_o the_o length_n of_o two_o musket_n shoot_v at_o what_o time_n you_o meet_v with_o a_o canal_n which_o the_o chineses_n open_v upon_o the_o southside_n of_o this_o last_o river_n and_o which_o run_v towards_o the_o city_n of_o hoai_n ngan_v afterward_o this_o canal_n run_v through_o many_o city_n and_o town_n till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o yam_n cheu_o the_o most_o famous_a seaport_n town_n of_o all_o in_o the_o empire_n soon_o after_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o river_n kiam_fw-la a_o good_a day_n journey_n from_o the_o city_n of_o nan_n kim_n certain_o this_o be_v a_o undertake_n and_o performance_n very_o great_a and_o magnificent_a nor_o be_v the_o building_n of_o eleven_o hundred_o forty_o five_o royal_a inn_n much_o inferior_a to_o it_o only_o the_o raise_n of_o several_a thousand_o fortress_n and_o the_o wall_n five_o hundred_o league_n in_o length_n which_o environ_v china_n be_v more_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o note_n upon_o the_o seven_o chapter_n a._n p._n 114._o it_o be_v now_o above_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o since_o the_o western_a tartar_n conquer_v etc._n etc._n chingis_fw-la can_n the_o founder_n of_o the_o monarchy_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o large_a that_o ever_o be_v in_o the_o world_n or_o at_o least_o his_o son_n octay_v can_v about_o the_o year_n 1220._o begin_v the_o conquest_n of_o north_n china_n set_v upon_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n in_o who_o possession_n it_o have_v be_v about_o a_o hundred_o and_o seventeen_o year_n according_a to_o the_o chronology_n of_o f._n couplet_n but_o the_o entire_a conquest_n of_o china_n be_v not_o complete_v till_o the_o year_n 1220._o by_o the_o five_o emperor_n after_o ching_n be_v can_v call_v by_o our_o historian_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n cublay_n can_v or_o cobila_n the_o chinese_n who_o give_v he_o great_a encomium_n call_v he_o xi_o sum_n and_o affirm_v that_o former_o he_o be_v call_v ho_o pie_n lie_v which_o i_o believe_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o name_n of_o cublay_n or_o cobila_n corrupt_v in_o regard_n the_o chineses_n pronounce_v very_o ill_o and_o corrupt_v almost_o all_o the_o name_n and_o word_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o our_o author_n have_v observe_v in_o his_o first_o chapter_n that_o m._n polo_n have_v corrupt_v the_o â—…artar_n name_v of_o the_o ancient_n pe_n kim_n call_v it_o can_v bâ—…lu_n instead_o of_o have_fw-mi palu_fw-fr the_o chineses_n commit_v the_o same_o mistake_v in_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o foreign_a language_n change_v letter_n and_o add_v vowel_n to_o facilitate_v pronunciation_n in_o regard_n that_o all_o the_o word_n of_o their_o language_n be_v monosyllable_n thus_o i_o have_v see_v in_o a_o manuscript_n discourse_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o perform_v divine_a service_n in_o the_o chinese_n language_n which_o high_o deserve_v to_o be_v print_v that_o the_o chineses_n instead_o of_o crux_fw-la pronounce_v cuckoe_n lu_o câ—…_n instead_o of_o pronounce_v beatus_fw-la they_o say_v pe_n jâ—…_n sum_o sâ—…_n for_o baptizo_fw-la they_o cry_z pa_z pe_z ti_fw-mi so_o and_o in_o stead_n of_o bartholmeus_n pa_n ulh_v to_o lo_o meusu_fw-la and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o they_o may_v have_v say_v ho_o pie_n lie_n instead_o of_o cublay_n or_o cobila_n change_v the_o c_o into_o h_n and_o the_o b_o into_o p_o so_o read_v hopili_n instead_o of_o cobili_fw-la and_o add_v e_o to_o facilitate_v the_o pronunciation_n this_o prince_n xi_o su_n or_o cubluy_fw-fr can_n it_o be_v that_o cause_v the_o grand_a canal_n to_o be_v make_v which_o the_o author_n describe_v with_o his_o usual_a exactness_n and_o which_o be_v without_o question_n one_o of_o the_o most_o magnificent_a and_o admirable_a undertake_n in_o the_o universe_n only_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n we_o will_v fain_o know_v whether_o these_o sluice_n be_v make_v like_o those_o in_o france_n and_o the_o low-countries_n that_o be_v to_o say_v whether_o they_o be_v make_v of_o two_o gate_n at_o a_o distance_n one_o from_o the_o other_o between_o which_o the_o water_n rise_v for_o by_o the_o relation_n of_o father_n magaillans_n and_o that_o of_o f._n trigant_n the_o chinese_n sluice_n seem_v to_o be_v no_o more_o than_o only_a a_o bâ—…re_a gate_n make_v fast_o with_o piece_n of_o wood_n let_v fall_v perpendicular_o till_o the_o overture_n be_v whole_o stop_v up_o the_o water_n be_v swell_v in_o this_o manner_n they_o draw_v up_o these_o piece_n of_o wood_n one_o after_o another_o and_o then_o cause_v the_o vessel_n to_o ascend_v or_o fall_v which_o sometime_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o sail_v for_o want_v of_o water_n in_o the_o canal_n if_o iâ—…_n be_v not_o retain_v and_o stop_v by_o this_o invention_n but_o this_o be_v not_o so_o convenient_a as_o a_o sluice_n with_o two_o gate_n and_o a_o hutch_n between_o both_o thus_o the_o author_n of_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o dutch_a embassy_n report_v that_o the_o sluice_n in_o china_n be_v not_o open_v but_o with_o great_a difficulty_n and_o that_o they_o be_v a_o great_a hindrance_n to_o the_o voyage_n however_o this_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o remarkable_a that_o a_o man_n may_v at_o any_o time_n go_v from_o one_o end_n of_o china_n to_o the_o other_o for_o the_o space_n of_o above_o six_o hundred_o league_n unless_o it_o be_v one_o journey_n only_o by_o land_n between_o the_o province_n of_o quam_fw-la tum_o and_o kiamsi_n or_o between_o the_o city_n of_o nan_n hium_n and_o nan_n begin_v where_o you_o embark_v again_o upon_o the_o river_n of_o can._n upon_o which_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o observe_v that_o the_o author_n of_o the_o dutch_a embassy_n make_v a_o considerable_a mistake_n in_o confound_v the_o river_n can_v with_o the_o great_a river_n kiam_fw-la which_o come_v from_o the_o province_n of_o junnan_n and_o touch_v only_o the_o northern_a extremity_n of_o the_o province_n of_o kiamsi_n whereas_o the_o river_n can_v divide_v it_o in_o two_o run_v through_o it_o from_o south_n to_o north._n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o great_a industry_n of_o this_o nation_n the_o magnificence_n and_o great_a number_n of_o public_a work_n in_o china_n be_v not_o only_o the_o effect_n of_o vast_a charge_n and_o expense_n but_o of_o the_o extraordinary_a industry_n of_o the_o nation_n they_o do_v all_o manner_n of_o mechanic_n work_v with_o a_o far_o less_o number_n of_o tool_n and_o with_o more_o ease_n than_o we_o do_v for_o as_o in_o this_o country_n here_o be_v not_o a_o foot_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v waste_v so_o there_o be_v not_o any_o man_n or_o woman_n young_a or_o old_a lame_a deaf_a or_o blind_a that_o have_v not_o a_o way_n to_o get_v a_o livelihood_n or_o that_o have_v not_o some_o trade_n or_o employment_n the_o chineses_n have_v a_o common_a proverb_n chumm_n qune_fw-fr uù_fw-fr y_fw-fr vo_z in_o china_n there_o be_v nothing_o throw_v away_o how_o vile_a and_o useless_a a_o thing_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v it_o have_v its_o use_n and_o may_v turn_v to_o profit_n for_o example_n in_o the_o city_n of_o pekim_n only_o there_o be_v above_o a_o thousand_o family_n who_o have_v no_o other_o trade_n to_o subsist_v on_o but_o only_o by_o sell_v of_o match_n for_o tinderbox_n and_o week_n for_o candle_n there_o be_v also_o as_o many_o that_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o live_v upon_o but_o by_o pick_v up_o in_o the_o street_n and_o among_o the_o sweep_n of_o house_n rag_n of_o silk_n cotton_n and_o linnen-cloth_n piece_n of_o paper_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o they_o wash_v &_o make_v clean_a and_o then_o sell_v to_o other_o that_o make_v use_v of_o they_o in_o several_a trade_n their_o invention_n also_o for_o the_o carry_v of_o burden_n be_v very_o curious_a for_o they_o do_v not_o carry_v their_o burden_n by_o main_a strength_n as_o we_o do_v but_o by_o policy_n in_o this_o manner_n they_o fasten_v the_o thing_n which_o they_o be_v to_o carry_v either_o with_o cord_n or_o hook_n or_o put_v they_o in_o basket_n or_o hamper_n and_o hang_v they_o afterward_o at_o both_o end_n of_o a_o flat_a piece_n of_o wood_n make_v on_o purpose_n which_o they_o take_v up_o upon_o their_o shoulder_n equal_o poise_v so_o that_o the_o burden_n weigh_v as_o much_o on_o the_o one_o side_n as_o on_o the_o other_o which_o invention_n be_v a_o very_a great_a convenience_n it_o be_v most_o
p._n 121._o they_o fasten_v the_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v carry_v etc._n etc._n this_o invention_n as_o it_o be_v describe_v be_v altogether_o like_a to_o that_o which_o the_o woman_n in_o holland_n he_o may_v have_v say_v the_o man_n in_o england_n make_v use_n of_o to_o carry_v their_o milk-pail_n about_o the_o street_n of_o which_o no_o question_n but_o that_o f._n magaillans_n be_v ignorant_a but_o it_o be_v of_o no_o use_n in_o the_o world_n to_o carry_v a_o burden_n of_o one_o entire_a piece_n b._n p._n 123._o the_o city_n drum_n be_v fifteen_o city_n cubic_n diameter_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o first_o note_n upon_o the_o second_o chapter_n that_o the_o chinese_n cubit_n be_v a_o parisian_a foot_n as_o seven_o to_o eight_o so_o that_o these_o fifteen_o cubit_n amount_v to_o thirteen_o foot_n and_o â…›_n of_o paris_n which_o show_v we_o that_o this_o drum_n be_v of_o a_o prodigious_a bigness_n see_v that_o by_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o diameter_n to_o the_o circumference_n this_o drum_n must_v be_v forty_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o quarter_n or_o near_o seven_o fathom_n in_o compass_n c._n p._n 123._o f._n athanasius_n kircher_n etc._n etc._n affirm_v that_o the_o bell_n of_o the_o city_n of_o erfort_n etc._n etc._n father_n kirker_n certain_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o several_a bell_n in_o europe_n big_a than_o that_o of_o erfort_n for_o to_o go_v no_o far_o than_o france_n the_o bell_n of_o rouen_n call_v george_n d'_fw-fr amboise_n weigh_v about_o forty_o thousand_o weight_n as_o the_o inscription_n upon_o it_o declare_v those_o of_o rhodez_n of_o st._n john_n of_o lion_n and_o the_o two_o which_o be_v cast_v for_o nostre_fw-fr dame_n in_o paris_n be_v almost_o as_o big_a as_o that_o of_o rouen_n as_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o f._n kirker_n have_v never_o hear_v of_o the_o bell_n at_o pekim_a since_o he_o have_v acknowledge_v his_o error_n in_o his_o china_n illustrata_fw-la after_o f._n gruber_n have_v send_v he_o the_o extract_v of_o a_o letter_n from_o f._n ferdinand_n verbiest_n contain_v the_o description_n of_o that_o bell_n at_o pekim_a which_o f._n kirker_n have_v quote_v and_o print_v in_o his_o china_n illustrate_v neither_o have_v f._n magaillans_n ever_o see_v this_o last_o piece_n of_o f._n kirker_n as_o for_o the_o bell_n of_o pekim_n f._n ferdinand_n verbiest_n in_o his_o letter_n and_o f._n couplet_n in_o his_o chronology_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o be_v cast_v about_o the_o year_n 1404._o by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o emperor_n chim_z sum_o otherwise_o yum_n lo_o the_o uncle_n of_o kien_fw-fr when_fw-mi ti_fw-mi &_o second_o son_n of_o humh_o vu_fw-fr who_o expel_v the_o western_a tartar_n out_o of_o china_n and_o found_v the_o royal_a family_n tai_n min_fw-mi ga_fw-mi extirpate_v this_o last_o age_n by_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n this_o emperor_n chim_z sum_z cause_v five_o of_o these_o bell_n to_o be_v cast_v every_o one_o of_o which_o weigh_v a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o weight_n and_o there_o be_v no_o question_n to_o be_v make_v but_o that_o then_o they_o be_v the_o big_a in_o the_o world._n but_o james_n rutenfels_n in_o his_o relation_n of_o muscovie_n which_o he_o write_v in_o latin_a affirm_v that_o there_o be_v one_o much_o big_a in_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o grand_a duke_n at_o moscow_n which_o weigh_v three_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o pound_n and_o that_o it_o be_v of_o that_o prodigious_a weight_n that_o no_o art_n of_o man_n can_v raise_v it_o nor_o hang_v it_o in_o the_o tower_n callâ—…d_v yvan_n velichi_fw-la at_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o it_o lie_v upon_o piece_n of_o timber_n father_n rouge-mount_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n that_o f._n adam_n cause_v two_o of_o the_o bell_n at_o pekim_n to_o be_v crane_v up_o into_o a_o tower_n a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o chinese_n cubit_n or_o one_o hundred_o thirty_o one_o foot_n and_o ¼_n high_a by_o the_o help_n of_o two_o hundred_o workman_n only_o to_o the_o great_a astonishment_n of_o the_o chinese_n who_o think_v he_o must_v have_v employ_v as_o many_o thousand_o and_o that_o two_o year_n after_o he_o cause_v a_o three_o bell_n to_o be_v crane_v up_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o with_o more_o ease_n though_o he_o employ_v no_o more_o than_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o young_a men._n f._n intorcetta_n observe_v in_o his_o relation_n that_o the_o bell_n of_o china_n have_v no_o clapper_n only_o they_o make_v they_o sound_v by_o strike_v with_o a_o hammer_n upon_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o skirt_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o chinese_n navigation_n be_v so_o common_a and_o so_o universal_a in_o this_o kingdom_n that_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o city_n or_o town_n especial_o in_o the_o southern_a province_n that_o do_v not_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o some_o river_n some_o lake_n some_o canal_n or_o some_o navigable_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n insomuch_o that_o there_o be_v almost_o as_o many_o inhabitant_n upon_o the_o water_n as_o upon_o the_o dry_a land_n which_o be_v a_o sight_n no_o less_o please_v then_o surprise_v when_o a_o stranger_n come_v to_o any_o port_n in_o the_o evening_n to_o see_v one_o city_n of_o vessel_n upon_o the_o water_n and_o another_o of_o house_n upon_o the_o land_n they_o that_o put_v off_o very_o early_o or_o come_v too_o late_o be_v force_v to_o sail_n or_o row_v for_o several_a hour_n together_o between_o vessel_n that_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o the_o shoar_n on_o both_o side_n moreover_o there_o be_v such_o a_o trade_n at_o some_o of_o these_o port_n that_o it_o be_v half_a a_o day_n time_n and_o sometime_o more_o before_o a_o man_n can_v get_v clear_a of_o the_o vessel_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o town_n insomuch_o that_o a_o man_n may_v say_v there_o be_v two_o empire_n in_o china_n the_o one_o upon_o the_o water_n and_o the_o other_o upon_o the_o land_n and_o as_o many_o venice_n as_o there_o be_v city_n for_o these_o vessel_n serve_v instead_o of_o house_n to_o they_o that_o be_v the_o master_n of_o they_o there_o they_o dress_v their_o meat_n there_o they_o be_v bear_v there_o they_o be_v breed_v and_o there_o they_o die_v there_o they_o have_v their_o dog_n and_o their_o cat_n there_o they_o breed_v their_o pig_n their_o duck_n and_o their_o goose_n their_o vessel_n be_v some_o of_o good_a burden_n other_o less_o some_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n some_o to_o the_o mandarin_n some_o to_o the_o merchant_n and_o some_o to_o the_o people_n among_o the_o king_n bark_n those_o which_o be_v call_v so_fw-ge chuen_fw-ge be_v employ_v to_o carry_v the_o mandarin_n to_o their_o several_a government_n and_o to_o bring_v they_o back_o upon_o their_o return_v these_o be_v make_v like_o our_o caravel_n but_o high_a and_o so_o well_o paint_v especial_o the_o cabin_n where_o the_o mandarin_n lodge_v that_o they_o resemble_v building_n erect_v for_o some_o public_a solemnity_n rather_o than_o ordinary_a hoy_n those_o that_o be_v call_v leam_fw-la chuen_fw-ge that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o as_o be_v appoint_v to_o carry_v provision_n from_o the_o province_n to_o the_o court_n be_v about_o nine_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o nineteen_o i_o have_v often_o be_v inquisitive_a to_o know_v why_o they_o do_v not_o add_v one_o more_o to_o make_v up_o the_o number_n of_o ten_o thousand_o but_o all_o the_o inquisition_n i_o can_v make_v be_v still_o to_o no_o purpose_n till_o at_o length_n after_o several_a year_n and_o when_o i_o better_o understand_v the_o humour_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o nation_n i_o make_v a_o shrewd_a conjecture_n at_o the_o reason_n the_o number_n of_o ten_o thousand_o be_v express_v by_o two_o chinese_n letter_n only_o young_a and_o van_n which_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o either_o of_o great_a or_o magnificent_a either_o in_o write_v or_o pronunciation_n and_o by_o consequence_n deserve_v not_o to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o express_v the_o number_n of_o the_o emperor_n bark_n so_o that_o they_o have_v take_v one_o out_o of_o ten_o thousand_o to_o render_v the_o number_n more_o pompous_a and_o majestic_a and_o which_o be_v more_o proper_a to_o flatter_v their_o vanity_n and_o pride_n by_o say_v nine_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o nineteen_o as_o run_v most_o upon_o their_o adore_a number_n nine_o these_o vessel_n be_v somewhat_o less_o than_o the_o former_a nevertheless_o they_o have_v their_o fore-castle_n and_o quarter-deck_n and_o a_o cabin_n or_o hall_n in_o the_o middle_n like_o those_o of_o the_o mandarin_n the_o three_o sort_n of_o the_o emperor_n bark_n be_v call_v lum_n y_fw-fr chuen_fw-ge that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o vessel_n that_o bring_v the_o emperor_n habit_n his_o piece_n of_o silk_n and_o tissue_n to_o the_o court._n of_o these_o there_o be_v as_o many_o as_o there_o be_v day_n in_o the_o year_n or_o
the_o king_n a_o great_a revenue_n and_o if_o the_o general_a visitor_n great_o enrich_v themselves_o by_o their_o spoil_n and_o robbery_n of_o the_o mandarin_n and_o people_n these_o latter_a commit_v much_o great_a robbery_n upon_o the_o farmer_n who_o distribute_v the_o salt_n into_o the_o province_n and_o who_o be_v the_o rich_a man_n in_o china_n as_o be_v common_o worth_a four_o or_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n a_o man._n the_o three_o visitation_n be_v call_v siao_n chai_n or_o the_o petty_a visit_n this_o visitation_n be_v make_v every_o three_o month_n by_o send_v visitor_n frequent_o unknown_a and_o in_o disguise_n sometime_o to_o one_o province_n or_o city_n sometime_o to_o another_o that_o he_o may_v be_v able_a to_o give_v true_a information_n against_o some_o mandarin_n famous_a for_o his_o tyranny_n and_o extortion_n beside_o these_o visitation_n this_o tribunal_n send_v into_o every_o province_n every_o three_o year_n a_o certain_a visitor_n call_v hio_n yuen_v and_o to_o every_o city_n another_o call_v ti_o trio_n to_o examine_v the_o bachelor_n of_o art_n and_o suppress_v the_o violence_n which_o confide_v in_o their_o privilege_n they_o act_n upon_o the_o people_n these_o have_v power_n to_o apprehend_v to_o condemn_v all_o such_o offender_n to_o the_o whip_n and_o when_o they_o prove_v incorrigible_a they_o degrade_v and_o punish_v they_o with_o a_o extraordinary_a severity_n last_o this_o tribunal_n send_v forth_o whensoever_o it_o be_v think_v requisite_a a_o visitor_n call_v siun_z ho_o to_o survey_v the_o famous_a canal_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v and_o to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o bark_n which_o be_v employ_v therein_o by_o mean_n of_o which_o visitation_n he_o reap_v more_o honour_n and_o profit_n than_o all_o the_o other_o visitor_n which_o this_o visitation_n send_v forth_o the_o judge_n of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v lodge_v in_o a_o vast_a palace_n where_o they_o have_v under_o they_o five_o and_o twenty_o inferior_a tribunal_n divide_v into_o five_o class_n of_o which_o every_o one_o have_v five_o tribunal_n with_o five_o precedent_n and_o many_o assessor_n and_o inferior_a officer_n the_o five_o of_o the_o first_o classis_fw-la be_v call_v uchin_n chayven_v or_o visitor_n of_o the_o five_o qurter_n of_o pe_n kim_n the_o first_o be_v the_o visitor_n of_o the_o south_n wall_n and_o that_o quarter_n of_o the_o city_n next_o adjoin_v the_o second_o visit_n the_o wall_n on_o the_o north_n side_n the_o three_o the_o wall_n on_o the_o east_n the_o four_o the_o wall_n on_o the_o west_n side_n and_o the_o five_o the_o wall_n in_o the_o middle_n the_o authority_n of_o these_o mandarin_n be_v very_o great_a for_o they_o have_v power_n to_o try_v and_o punish_v the_o misdemanour_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o domestic_a servant_n of_o the_o mandarin_n and_o great_a lord_n but_o if_o the_o offender_n deserve_v death_n confiscation_n of_o estate_n or_o banishment_n than_o they_o send_v he_o to_o the_o criminal_a tribunal_n those_o of_o the_o second_o classis_fw-la be_v call_v u_o chin_n pim_n ma_fw-fr su_n or_o grand_a provost_n of_o the_o five_o quarter_n those_o of_o the_o three_o classis_fw-la be_v call_v tamburlaine_n quen_o or_o inferior_a provost_n of_o the_o five_o quarter_n the_o two_o latter_a class_n make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o apprehend_v theives_n and_o robber_n malefactor_n gamester_n vagabond_n and_o the_o like_a and_o to_o detain_v they_o in_o prison_n till_o they_o resign_v they_o to_o the_o superior_a robber_n it_o be_v likewise_o their_o business_n to_o keep_v watch_n and_o ward_n in_o the_o day_n time_n to_o go_v the_o round_n in_o the_o night_n and_o to_o set_v sentinel_n to_o give_v notice_n when_o any_o fire_n happen_v in_o any_o house_n the_o captain_n of_o the_o watch_n be_v also_o subordinate_a to_o these_o two_o class_n for_o to_o every_o ten_o house_n there_o belong_v a_o captain_n call_v pai_n and_o every_o pai_n teu_o have_v another_o captain_n call_v stum_n kia_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o inform_v the_o tribunal_n of_o what_o be_v do_v in_o his_o district_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o good_a custom_n of_o the_o city_n when_o any_o stranger_n come_v to_o town_n or_o of_o any_o other_o novelty_n he_o be_v also_o oblige_v to_o exhort_v the_o several_a private_a family_n by_o sing_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o every_o night_n a_o song_n consist_v of_o five_o verse_n contain_v the_o most_o necessary_a precept_n of_o morality_n in_o these_o word_n hiao_n xum_o fu_fw-mi mu_o tsum_fw-la kim_n cham_n xam_n ho_o mo_z hian_a li_n kiao_n tzu_fw-fr sun._n mon_fw-fr tzo_fw-it vi_fw-it that_o be_v to_o say_v obey_v your_o parent_n reverence_v old_a man_n and_o your_o superior_n live_v together_o in_o unity_n instruct_v your_o child_n and_o do_v no_o act_n of_o injustice_n in_o petty_a town_n where_o there_o be_v no_o mandarin_n the_o care_n of_o this_o duty_n be_v commit_v to_o four_o or_o five_o of_o the_o honest_a old_a man_n call_v lao_n gen_n who_o have_v a_o captain_n call_v hiam_fw-la the_fw-mi or_o ti_fw-mi fam_fw-la this_o person_n also_o sing_v the_o same_o song_n every_o night_n and_o the_o first_o and_o five_o of_o every_o month_n assemble_v the_o inhabitant_n and_o explain_v the_o meaning_n of_o those_o instruction_n by_o simile_n and_o example_n of_o which_o i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o relate_v some_o few_o to_o let_v the_o reader_n see_v the_o virtuous_a disposition_n wit_n and_o good_a government_n of_o this_o nation_n obey_v your_o parent_n as_o lamb_n obey_v their_o ewe_n as_o they_o teach_v we_o by_o their_o extraordinary_a humility_n in_o kneel_v when_o they_o suck_v and_o submit_v to_o they_o exact_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o nourishment_n which_o they_o receive_v from_o they_o reverence_n the_o age_a and_o your_o superior_n in_o imitation_n of_o wild_a goose_n who_o by_o the_o order_n which_o they_o observe_v in_o their_o flight_n show_v plain_o the_o respect_n which_o be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o seniority_n live_v together_o in_o peace_n in_o imitation_n of_o that_o love_n and_o unity_n which_o be_v observe_v among_o deer_n for_o when_o any_o one_o of_o they_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o good_a piece_n of_o pasturage_n he_o will_v not_o feed_v by_o himself_o till_o he_o have_v call_v together_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o herd_n to_o take_v their_o share_n instruct_v your_o child_n like_o that_o ancient_a matron_n call_v tuen_o ki_v who_o be_v a_o widow_n every_o day_n whip_v the_o only_a son_n that_o she_o have_v till_o she_o dispossess_v he_o of_o all_o his_o evil_a inclination_n so_o that_o at_o length_n be_v renown_v for_o his_o knowledge_n and_o his_o virtue_n he_o come_v to_o be_v chuam_fw-la yuen_v or_o chief_a of_o the_o doctor_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o afterward_o for_o his_o virtue_n and_o heroic_a action_n be_v advance_v to_o be_v co_n lao_n or_o chief_a minister_n of_o state_n to_o the_o emperor_n commit_v no_o act_n of_o injustice_n like_o that_o same_o wicked_a and_o disobedient_a heu_n ci_fw-fr who_o out_o of_o his_o extraordinary_a ingratitude_n design_v to_o kill_v his_o father_n in_o law_n that_o reprove_v he_o for_o his_o misdemeanour_n kill_v his_o own_o mother_n unexpected_o who_o indulgence_n have_v be_v the_o perdition_n of_o her_o son_n by_o supply_v he_o with_o money_n which_o he_o spend_v in_o all_o manner_n of_o debauchery_n and_o by_o conceal_v the_o early_a lewdness_n of_o his_o life_n but_o heaven_n to_o make_v he_o a_o example_n to_o all_o as_o wicked_a as_o himself_o and_o to_o deter_v other_o crush_v he_o to_o the_o earth_n and_o cleave_v he_o in_o sunder_o with_o a_o thunderbolt_n the_o tribunal_n call_v in_o hio_n be_v a_o mix_a tribunal_n which_o take_v care_n of_o bachelor_n of_o art_n and_o military_a probationer_n two_o precedent_n belong_v to_o it_o of_o which_o the_o one_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o the_o first_o the_o other_o of_o the_o latter_a these_o exercise_n themselves_o in_o make_v discourse_n upon_o the_o mean_n of_o preserve_v the_o estate_n and_o govern_v the_o people_n the_o other_o discourse_n of_o warlike_a discipline_n when_o to_o give_v battle_n how_o to_o attack_v and_o defend_v fortify_v place_n and_o other_o matter_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n the_o mandarin_n of_o this_o tribunal_n who_o be_v disperse_v over_o all_o the_o province_n and_o city_n give_v they_o frequent_a occasion_n to_o exercise_v their_o wit_n upon_o these_o subject_n and_o those_o mandarin_n be_v respect_v by_o those_o bachelor_n and_o probationer_n rather_o as_o professor_n than_o magistrate_n the_o two_o precedent_n which_o reside_v at_o court_n be_v doctor_n both_o the_o one_o of_o civil_a learning_n the_o other_o in_o military_a discipline_n the_o other_o officer_n be_v such_o out_o of_o who_o number_n the_o king_n make_v mandarin_n out_o of_o his_o mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n or_o by_o
reason_n of_o the_o merit_n of_o their_o ancestor_n the_o tribunal_n call_v co_n tao_n or_o co_n li_n be_v that_o of_o the_o inspecter_n or_o overseer_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v which_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o class_n like_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n from_o whence_o they_o take_v their_o name_n and_o distinction_n for_o example_n the_o first_o be_v call_v li_n co_n or_o inspecter_n of_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n the_o second_o hu_o co_n or_o inspecter_n of_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n every_o classis_fw-la be_v compose_v of_o several_a mandarin_n all_o of_o the_o seven_o order_n and_o all_o equal_a so_o that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o he_o that_o keep_v the_o seal_n of_o the_o tribunal_n who_o have_v any_o superiority_n over_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n their_o business_n be_v to_o reprehend_v the_o king_n himself_o for_o any_o miscarriage_n of_o his_o government_n and_o there_o be_v some_o so_o resolute_a and_o undaunted_a that_o they_o will_v rather_o expose_v themselves_o to_o death_n and_o banishment_n than_o forbear_v when_o they_o have_v truth_n on_o their_o side_n which_o they_o will_v tell_v he_o sometime_o to_o his_o face_n and_o sometime_o in_o write_v without_o any_o mince_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o of_o this_o freedom_n as_o we_o meet_v at_o present_a with_o several_a example_n so_o be_v there_o a_o far_o great_a number_n to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o chinese_n history_n many_o time_n also_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o king_n will_v amend_v their_o defect_n and_o magnificent_o reward_v those_o that_o have_v be_v so_o liberal_a of_o their_o reproof_n they_o be_v also_o entrust_v to_o inspect_v the_o disorder_n of_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n and_o to_o inform_v the_o king_n by_o private_a memorial_n the_o king_n likewise_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o this_o tribunal_n for_o the_o execution_n of_o several_a order_n of_o importance_n that_o require_v secrecy_n and_o every_o year_n he_o cull_v out_o three_o to_o be_v visitor_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v call_v siun_z cim_o who_o visit_v all_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o court_n or_o in_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n and_o take_v notice_n of_o all_o merchandise_n that_o be_v either_o sophisticated_a or_o prohibit_v the_o second_o be_v call_v sium_n cam_n who_o visit_v the_o burner_n of_o the_o king_n lime_n the_o three_o who_o be_v call_v sium_n xi_o nim_fw-mi ym_fw-mi be_v present_a at_o all_o the_o general_n muster_n the_o mandarin_n of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v only_o of_o the_o seven_o order_n however_o their_o authority_n and_o power_n be_v very_o large_a the_o tribunal_n call_v he_o gin_n sum_o consist_v of_o several_a mandarin_n all_o doctor_n all_o equal_a and_o all_o of_o the_o seven_o order_n like_o those_o of_o the_o precede_a tribunal_n their_o employment_n be_v to_o be_v send_v abroad_o either_o as_o envoy_n or_o ambassador_n either_o to_o distant_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n or_o to_o foreign_a state_n as_o when_o the_o king_n send_v they_o to_o carry_v title_n of_o honour_n to_o the_o mother_n or_o wise_a of_o a_o mandarin_n slay_v in_o the_o war_n or_o after_o he_o have_v do_v the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n eminent_a service_n in_o the_o discharge_n of_o his_o employment_n or_o when_o the_o emperor_n be_v please_v to_o confer_v or_o confirm_v the_o title_n of_o king_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o corea_n or_o any_o other_o neighbour_a sovereign_n these_o embassy_n be_v very_o honourable_a and_o sometime_o no_o less_o gainful_a the_o tribunal_n of_o tai_n li_n sum_o i._n e._n of_o supreme_a reason_n and_o justice_n be_v so_o call_v because_o they_o be_v entrust_v to_o examine_v all_o doubtful_a and_o intricate_a cause_n and_o to_o confirm_v or_o annihilate_v the_o sentence_n of_o other_o tribunal_n especial_o in_o reference_n to_o crime_n that_o concern_v the_o estate_n the_o honour_n and_o life_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n the_o precedent_n of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v of_o the_o three_o order_n his_o two_o lateral_a judge_n or_o assessor_n of_o the_o four_o and_o the_o other_o inferior_a mandarin_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o five_o and_o six_o when_o the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n condemn_v to_o death_n any_o person_n of_o quality_n or_o other_o person_n of_o mean_a condition_n and_o that_o the_o king_n find_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o sentence_n dubious_a he_o refer_v it_o always_o to_o san_n fa_o sum_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v his_o council_n of_o conscience_n then_o three_o tribunal_n assemble_v together_o the_o tai_n li_z sum_z the_o tu_fw-la li_z yven_v or_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o visitor_n and_o the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n all_o these_o together_o re_fw-mi examine_v the_o process_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o accuser_n and_o the_o party_n accuse_v and_o many_o time_n revoke_v the_o sentence_n for_o that_o the_o prosecutor_n not_o have_v gain_v the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n nor_o have_v money_n nor_o cunning_a enough_o to_o corrupt_v the_o other_o two_o they_o judge_v according_a to_o reason_n and_o justice_n and_o general_o the_o king_n confirm_v the_o decision_n of_o those_o three_o tribunal_n the_o tribunal_n tum_o chim_z sum_o takes_z care_n to_o have_v the_o king_n order_n and_o command_v proclaim_v at_o court_n and_o diligent_o to_o inform_v themselves_o of_o the_o calamity_n oppression_n and_o necessity_n of_o the_o people_n and_o exact_o and_o private_o to_o inform_v the_o emperor_n they_o be_v likewise_o entrust_v to_o send_v to_o the_o king_n or_o else_o to_o bury_v in_o silence_n as_o they_o shall_v deem_v most_o proper_a all_o the_o memorial_n of_o the_o miâ—…itary_a mandarin_n and_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o fourteen_o province_n of_o the_o veteran_n mandarin_n who_o be_v dispense_v with_o from_o all_o manner_n of_o employment_n of_o the_o people_n soldier_n and_o stranger_n that_o come_v from_o foreign_a country_n the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n present_v their_o memorial_n immediate_o to_o the_o king_n himself_o never_o take_v notice_n of_o this_o tribunal_n the_o precedent_n of_o which_o be_v of_o the_o three_o order_n of_o mandarin_n his_o first_o assessor_n of_o the_o four_o his_o second_o assessor_n of_o the_o five_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inferior_a mandarin_n of_o the_o six_o and_o seven_o order_n the_o tribunal_n tai_n chan_fw-mi sum_z be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o associate_n and_o assistant_n to_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n the_o precedent_n be_v of_o the_o three_o order_n his_o assessor_n of_o the_o four_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o five_o and_o six_o order_n they_o take_v particular_a care_n of_o the_o king_n music_n and_o sacrifice_n and_o in_o regard_n these_o sacrifice_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o the_o heaven_n the_o earth_n the_o sun_n and_o moon_n to_o river_n and_o mountain_n this_o tribunal_n take_v care_n of_o all_o those_o pile_n which_o be_v very_o vast_a and_o magnificent_a they_o also_o take_v care_n of_o the_o marry_a bonze_n who_o be_v general_o alchemist_n and_o fortune-teller_n two_o of_o these_o mandarin_n be_v appoint_v to_o give_v order_n for_o the_o reception_n and_o lodging_n of_o stranger_n that_o come_v to_o court._n last_o they_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o the_o public_a courtesan_n of_o the_o place_n of_o their_o habitation_n and_o of_o those_o that_o govern_v and_o direct_v they_o in_o their_o infamous_a trade_n the_o chineses_n to_o show_v their_o aversion_n to_o those_o miserable_a creature_n call_v they_o â—…am_fw-la â—…a_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v man_n that_o have_v utter_o bury_v in_o oblivion_n eight_o virtue_n viz._n obedience_n to_o theâ—…_n father_n and_o mother_n affection_n for_o their_o brethren_n and_o other_o kindred_n fidelity_n towards_o their_o prince_n sincerity_n honesty_n justice_n modesty_n chastity_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o laudable_a science_n and_o customâ—…_n this_o be_v the_o signification_n of_o those_o two_o word_n which_o the_o chineses_n mark_v with_o only_o two_o letter_n by_o which_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o see_v the_o force_n of_o their_o language_n and_o the_o esteem_n which_o they_o have_v for_o virtue_n though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o follow_v their_o own_o deprave_a inclination_n that_o carry_v they_o headlong_o into_o vice_n the_o tribunal_n quan_fw-mi lo_o su_fw-es or_o of_o the_o royal_a inn_n take_v care_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o wine_n cattle_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n banquet_n and_o for_o the_o entertainment_n of_o such_o as_o be_v treat_v at_o the_o king_n charge_n whether_o chineses_n or_o foreigner_n this_o tribunal_n be_v a_o associate_n to_o that_o of_o the_o ceremony_n the_o precedent_n be_v of_o the_o
in_o the_o city_n the_o first_o which_o be_v the_o more_o considerable_a take_v care_n to_o set_v guard_n at_o all_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n to_o prevent_v the_o bring_n in_o of_o any_o good_n unless_o they_o be_v first_o register_v and_o pay_v the_o duty_n demand_v the_o second_o receive_v the_o duty_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v in_o the_o city_n as_o slave_n horse_n camel_n cattle_n etc._n etc._n the_o precedent_n of_o these_o tribunal_n be_v of_o the_o seven_o order_n and_o the_o inferior_a mandarin_n of_o the_o eight_o and_o nine_o these_o two_o tribunal_n belong_v to_o the_o grand_a tribunal_n of_o the_o exchequer_n tu_fw-la pu_fw-fr be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o ordinary_a judge_n of_o the_o king_n household_n their_o employment_n be_v twosold_a the_o first_o be_v to_o arrest_v robber_n and_o malefactor_n and_o to_o make_v out_o their_o process_n and_o than_o if_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v quit_v they_o release_v they_o if_o they_o be_v think_v worthy_a of_o death_n they_o deliver_v they_o over_o to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n as_o for_o cut_v purse_n for_o the_o first_o offence_n they_o brand_v they_o upon_o the_o left_a arm_n with_o a_o red_a hot_a iron_n for_o the_o second_o offence_n upon_o the_o right_a arm_n and_o for_o the_o three_o they_o deliver_v the_o offender_n over_o to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n their_o next_o employment_n be_v to_o arrest_v fugitive_n slave_n which_o they_o first_o cause_n to_o be_v punish_v with_o a_o hundred_o lash_n of_o a_o whip_n and_o then_o to_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o master_n but_o of_o late_a year_n they_o be_v mark_v upon_o the_o left_a cheek_n with_o two_o tartar_n and_o two_o chinese_n character_n but_o a_o chinese_n mandarin_n by_o a_o memorial_n beseech_v the_o king_n to_o consider_v that_o the_o punishment_n be_v too_o rigorous_a for_o a_o crime_n that_o be_v rather_o the_o effect_n of_o desire_n of_o liberty_n so_o natural_a to_o all_o mankind_n than_o any_o act_n of_o a_o wicked_a inclination_n and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n no_o way_n become_v the_o city_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v residence_n to_o behold_v the_o street_n so_o full_a of_o those_o deform_a object_n of_o cruelty_n which_o counsel_n be_v approve_v by_o the_o king_n he_o order_v for_o the_o future_a that_o the_o letter_n shall_v be_v brand_v upon_o the_o left_a arm._n the_o precedent_n of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v of_o the_o second_o order_n his_o assistant_n be_v of_o the_o three_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n be_v of_o the_o seven_o and_o eight_o to_o this_o tribunal_n there_o belong_v a_o great_a number_n of_o catchpole_n and_o thief_n taker_n who_o with_o a_o industry_n and_o cunning_n more_o than_o ordinary_a discover_v and_o apprehend_v all_o manner_n of_o thief_n robber_n and_o runaway_n slave_n the_o tribunal_n call_v furio_n yn_v be_v that_o of_o the_o two_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n of_o xun_n tien_n furio_n or_o pekim_v but_o the_o first_o name_n be_v not_o in_o use_n because_o pekim_n signify_v proper_o the_o court_n of_o the_o north._n these_o governor_n be_v above_o all_o the_o other_o governor_n of_o all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o of_o the_o three_o order_n of_o mandarin_n and_o their_o assessor_n of_o the_o four_o the_o first_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o all_o the_o student_n and_o all_o the_o man_n of_o learning_n who_o be_v not_o yet_o mandarin_n the_o second_o take_v care_n to_o instruct_v the_o people_n and_o to_o exhort_v they_o to_o live_v in_o peace_n and_o union_n and_o to_o inform_v themselves_o of_o their_o manner_n of_o live_v to_o punish_v those_o that_o introduce_v novelty_n and_o disorder_n to_o cherish_v labour_n and_o industry_n to_o administer_v justice_n equal_o to_o all_o man_n to_o spare_v the_o people_n in_o the_o public_a work_n to_o know_v the_o number_n of_o the_o family_n and_o person_n in_o the_o city_n to_o watch_v day_n and_o night_n in_o redress_v the_o misery_n of_o the_o people_n to_o defend_v they_o against_o the_o wealthy_a and_o potent_a to_o comfort_v and_o ease_v the_o poor_a and_o afflict_a to_o recompense_v the_o virtuous_a relieve_v the_o innocent_a and_o punish_v the_o guilty_a and_o last_o to_o prepare_v the_o place_n and_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o public_a sacrifice_n such_o function_n as_o these_o be_v easy_a demonstration_n that_o it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o the_o chineses_n call_v the_o governor_n of_o city_n furio_n mu_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o father_n and_o mother_n of_o the_o people_n there_o be_v yet_o two_o tribunal_n more_o call_v tai_n he_o hien_n and_o von_n pin_n hien_n who_o employment_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n upon_o which_o they_o depend_v and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o officer_n belong_v to_o it_o they_o be_v two_o because_o that_o pe_n kim_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o city_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o empire_n where_o the_o city_n be_v say_v to_o be_v double_a or_o single_a according_a to_o the_o largeness_n and_o extent_n of_o their_o territory_n the_o precedent_n of_o these_o tribunal_n in_o city_n where_o the_o court_n be_v keep_v be_v of_o the_o six_o order_n and_o in_o the_o city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o the_o seven_o order_n and_o the_o four_o inferior_a mandarin_n be_v of_o the_o seven_o eight_o and_o nine_o order_n tâ—…um_fw-mi gin_fw-mi furio_n be_v the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o grandee_n that_o descend_v from_o father_n to_o son_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n the_o precedent_n be_v one_o of_o those_o that_o enjoy_v the_o title_n of_o king_n and_o be_v always_o a_o person_n venerable_a for_o his_o age_n and_o his_o virtue_n he_o be_v of_o none_o of_o the_o nine_o order_n because_o his_o dignity_n advance_v he_o above_o all_o the_o order_n of_o the_o mandarin_n his_o assessor_n also_o be_v always_o 2_o dignify_v lord_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n who_o be_v of_o no_o order_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n all_o these_o officer_n take_v care_n to_o distribute_v the_o pension_n which_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n kindred_n of_o the_o male_a line_n who_o whether_o they_o be_v great_a lord_n or_o poor_a and_o at_o least_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o generation_n distant_a in_o blood_n have_v nevertheless_o some_o pension_n all_o of_o they_o more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o their_o dignity_n and_o proximity_n of_o alliance_n they_o have_v all_o the_o privilege_n to_o paint_v their_o house_n and_o their_o furniture_n with_o red_a but_o in_o regard_n the_o precede_a family_n have_v reign_v for_o two_o hundred_o seventy_o seven_o year_n the_o descendants_n from_o it_o be_v multiply_v to_o that_o degree_n and_o spread_v to_o such_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o source_n of_o the_o pedigree_n and_o their_o divide_a revenue_n consequent_o so_o small_a that_o several_a of_o they_o be_v reduce_v to_o follow_v trade_n for_o their_o subsistence_n so_o that_o when_o i_o enter_v first_o into_o the_o empire_n i_o meet_v with_o one_o in_o the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o kiam_fw-la sì_n that_o be_v a_o common_a porter_n and_o to_o distinguish_v himself_o from_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o companion_n carry_v the_o instrument_n of_o his_o profession_n at_o his_o back_n very_o bright_a and_o varnish_v over_o with_o red_a there_o be_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o they_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n disperse_v all_o over_o the_o empire_n who_o abuse_v the_o privilege_n of_o their_o birth_n commit_v a_o thousand_o insolence_n and_o extortion_n upon_o the_o poor_a people_n but_o they_o have_v be_v all_o since_o utter_o extirpate_v together_o with_o the_o family_n from_o whence_o they_o descend_v at_o present_a the_o kindred_n of_o the_o king_n of_o tartary_n that_o now_o reign_n be_v all_o great_a lord_n and_o live_v at_o court_n but_o if_o their_o dominion_n long_o endure_v they_o will_v multiply_v and_o their_o number_n become_v no_o less_o burdensome_a than_o the_o former_a this_o tribunal_n be_v also_o entrust_v to_o determine_v all_o difference_n and_o process_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o criminal_a between_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n to_o give_v sentence_n according_a to_o the_o penalty_n which_o they_o deserve_v and_o to_o order_v execution_n after_o they_o have_v first_o inform_v the_o king_n of_o their_o proceed_n hoam_o cin_n be_v the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o king_n be_v female_a kindred_n which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o first_o be_v they_o who_o descend_v from_o the_o king_n daughter_n marry_v to_o young_a gentleman_n call_v and_o choose_v for_o those_o match_n and_o be_v call_v tu_fw-la ma._n these_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o china_n be_v not_o look_v upon_o as_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n nor_o as_o the_o king_n kindred_n nor_o
his_o robe_n and_o his_o cap_n fall_v upon_o the_o prothonotary_n throw_v he_o upon_o the_o ground_n and_o with_o his_o foot_n and_o fist_n belabour_v the_o poor_a officer_n cry_v out_o kâ—…ave_v and_o impostor_n as_o thou_o be_v where_o be_v the_o money_n that_o i_o give_v thou_o where_o be_v the_o city_n of_o which_o thou_o give_v i_o a_o promise_n with_o many_o other_o reproach_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n thereupon_o the_o tribunal_n break_v up_o and_o the_o mandarin_n and_o the_o prothonotary_n be_v both_o commit_v to_o the_o prison_n of_o the_o criminal_a tribunal_n where_o they_o be_v both_o in_o great_a hazard_n of_o be_v condemn_v to_o death_n for_o such_o sort_n of_o merchandize_v be_v death_n by_o the_o law_n beside_o that_o the_o scandalous_a circumstance_n of_o the_o action_n render_v the_o crime_n much_o more_o enormous_a in_o all_o the_o town_n and_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n there_o be_v a_o tribunal_n compose_v of_o a_o precedent_n and_o at_o least_o two_o or_o three_o assessor_n which_o be_v call_v kiao_n quon_n or_o judge_n of_o the_o man_n of_o letter_n for_o that_o their_o business_n be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o learning_n and_o learned_a man_n and_o more_o especial_o to_o overlook_v the_o bachelor_n of_o art_n which_o be_v very_o numerous_a and_o frequent_o very_o poor_a yet_o trust_v to_o their_o privilege_n become_v bold_a and_o insolent_a and_o practise_v many_o act_n of_o violence_n and_o knavery_n to_o get_v money_n from_o poor_a and_o rich_a and_o many_o time_n throw_v off_o that_o respect_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o precedent_n and_o governor_n therefore_o the_o ancient_a king_n with_o much_o prudence_n erect_v this_o court_n to_o apprehend_v and_o punish_v they_o either_o by_o whip_v or_o other_o penalty_n according_a to_o their_o demerit_n and_o to_o degrade_v they_o if_o incorrigible_a which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o bachelor_n both_o fear_n and_o respect_v those_o mandarin_n after_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n this_o court_n also_o have_v power_n to_o assemble_v from_o time_n to_o time_n all_o the_o learned_a man_n of_o the_o city_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o bachelor_n licentiate_n doctor_n and_o old_a mandarin_n excuse_v from_o service_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o age_n to_o treat_v of_o science_n and_o virtue_n to_o which_o purpose_n they_o give_v they_o theme_n take_v out_o of_o their_o book_n upon_o which_o they_o make_v several_a comment_n which_o this_o tribunal_n examine_v &_o public_o either_o applaud_v or_o discommend_v so_o that_o these_o officer_n be_v rather_o professor_n than_o mandarin_n beside_o these_o mandarin_n which_o be_v common_a to_o all_o the_o empire_n there_o be_v other_o tribunal_n appropriate_v to_o particular_a place_n and_o province_n as_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o salt_n who_o take_v care_n to_o distribute_v it_o over_o all_o china_n by_o public_a undertaker_n and_o to_o prevent_v private_a merchant_n from_o utter_v any_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n other_o mandarin_n there_o be_v who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v steward_n of_o the_o rent_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o great_a lord_n more_o especial_o in_o the_o province_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o sea._n there_o be_v also_o another_o tribunal_n call_v ti_fw-mi kin_n su_n and_o by_o the_o portugueses_n tai_n qui_fw-la si_fw-la for_o indeed_o the_o portuguese_n corrupt_v all_o the_o chinese_n word_n for_o the_o city_n of_o hiam_fw-la xan_n or_o the_o mount_n of_o odour_n they_o call_v ham_n sam._n ma_fw-fr cao_n be_v call_v ama_n gao_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o bay_n or_o gulf_n of_o the_o idol_n ama._n for_o gao_n signify_v a_o bay_n and_o ama_n be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o idol_n which_o be_v worship_v in_o that_o part._n these_o be_v the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o lettered_a mandarin_n those_o of_o the_o military_a mandarin_n be_v yet_o more_o numerous_a for_o beside_o that_o they_o be_v in_o all_o place_n where_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o learned_a mandarin_n be_v erect_v they_o be_v also_o in_o several_a important_a place_n that_o separate_v the_o province_n in_o all_o port_n and_o bay_n and_o many_o more_o upon_o the_o frontier_n next_o to_o tartary_n there_o be_v likewise_o send_v from_o the_o court_n a_o catalogue_n of_o all_o the_o learned_a mandarin_n which_o be_v print_v and_o reprint_v every_o season_n of_o the_o year_n wherein_o be_v set_v down_o the_o name_n the_o title_n the_o country_n and_o the_o time_n when_o every_o one_o receive_v their_o degree_n and_o such_o another_o catalogue_n be_v print_v of_o the_o military_a mandarin_n the_o number_n of_o the_o learned_a mandarin_n over_o all_o the_o empire_n be_v thirteen_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o forty_o seven_o and_o that_o of_o the_o military_a mandarins_n amount_n to_o eighteen_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o in_o all_o thirty_o two_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o sixty_o seven_o mandarin_n which_o though_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a may_v seem_v a_o thing_n incredible_a though_o their_o distribution_n their_o distinction_n and_o their_o subordination_n as_o much_o surpass_v belief_n it_o seem_v as_o if_o the_o legislator_n have_v omit_v nothing_o and_o that_o they_o have_v foresee_v all_o inconvenience_n that_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v so_o that_o i_o be_o persuade_v no_o kingdom_n in_o the_o world_n can_v be_v better_o govern_v or_o more_o happy_a if_o the_o conduct_n and_o probity_n of_o the_o officer_n be_v but_o answerable_a to_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n but_o in_o regard_n they_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a god_n nor_o of_o the_o eternal_a reward_n and_o punishment_n of_o the_o other_o world_n they_o be_v subject_a to_o no_o remorse_n of_o conscience_n they_o place_v all_o their_o happiness_n in_o pleasure_n in_o dignity_n and_o riches_n and_o therefore_o to_o obtain_v these_o fade_a advantage_n they_o violate_v all_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n trample_v under_o foot_n religion_n reason_n justice_n honesty_n and_o all_o the_o right_n of_o consanguinity_n and_o friendship_n the_o inferior_a officer_n mind_v nothing_o but_o how_o to_o defraud_v the_o superior_a mandarin_n they_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n and_o all_o together_o how_o to_o cheat_v the_o king_n which_o they_o know_v how_o to_o do_v with_o so_o much_o cunning_a and_o address_n make_v use_n in_o their_o memorial_n of_o word_n and_o expression_n so_o soft_a so_o honest_a so_o respâ—…_n 〈◊〉_d so_o humble_a and_o full_a of_o adulation_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o plausible_a and_o seem_o disinteren_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d â—…ded_a prince_n frequent_o take_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o solemn_a truth_n so_o that_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d themselves_o continual_o oppress_v and_o 〈◊〉_d â—…tud_n without_o any_o reason_n murmur_n and_o 〈◊〉_d â—…ditions_n and_o revolt_v which_o have_v cause_v â—…o_o much_o â—…ne_v and_o so_o many_o change_n in_o the_o empire_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o the_o excellency_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o law_n of_o china_n shall_v suffer_v for_o the_o depravity_n and_o wickedness_n of_o the_o magistrate_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o grandeur_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n and_o of_o his_o revenue_n i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n the_o three_o opinion_n which_o the_o chineses_n have_v concern_v the_o beginning_n of_o their_o empire_n nor_o do_v they_o esteem_v their_o king_n to_o be_v of_o less_o antiquity_n in_o regard_n their_o government_n have_v be_v always_o monarchical_a and_o absolute_a without_o any_o mixture_n of_o aristocracy_n i_o have_v also_o observe_v that_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la and_o all_o the_o learned_a man_n reject_v the_o first_o opinion_n as_o mere_o fabulous_a i_o shall_v therefore_o only_o add_v that_o according_a to_o the_o second_o opinion_n that_o the_o chineses_n be_v under_o the_o government_n of_o king_n two_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o fifty_o two_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ._n king_n fohi_n be_v the_o first_o of_o their_o king_n and_o the_o founder_n of_o their_o empite_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o province_n of_o xen_fw-mi si_fw-mi the_o most_o western_a part_n of_o china_n towards_o the_o north._n the_o chineses_n paint_v this_o king_n clothe_v with_o the_o leaf_n of_o tree_n and_o all_o agree_v that_o his_o kingdom_n be_v of_o no_o great_a extent_n at_o first_o nor_o his_o people_n very_o numerous_a their_o history_n relate_v how_o that_o when_o this_o king_n begin_v to_o reign_v the_o chineses_n live_v upon_o herb_n and_o wild_a fruit_n drink_v the_o blood_n of_o beast_n and_o clad_v themselves_o in_o skin_n but_o that_o he_o teach_v they_o to_o make_v net_n as_o well_o for_o hunt_v as_o fish_v and_o be_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o the_o chinese_n letter_n all_o the_o learned_a believe_v this_o opinion_n probable_a and_o some_o there_o be_v that_o hold_v it_o for_o certain_a and_o unquestionable_a in_o a_o word_n it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o fohi_n
taste_v fruit_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o repast_n he_o send_v we_o another_o plate_n of_o gold_n wherein_o be_v twenty_o apple_n of_o the_o large_a and_o best_a in_o the_o kingdom_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o pin_n quo_fw-la at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o feast_n he_o send_v we_o another_o plate_n full_a of_o pear_n and_o those_o apple_n of_o gold_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o another_o place_n the_o favour_n which_o the_o emperor_n do_v we_o at_o that_o time_n seem_v to_o we_o surprise_o extraordinary_a as_o it_o do_v to_o all_o those_o that_o hear_v the_o relation_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o be_v usual_a to_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v invite_v in_o regard_n they_o be_v feast_v by_o the_o king_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n every_o day_n not_o but_o that_o at_o other_o time_n upon_o certain_a occasion_n of_o public_a rejoice_v he_o treat_v much_o more_o magnificent_o all_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o mandarin_n of_o the_o court_n which_o be_v about_o five_o thousand_o by_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v ready_o conjecture_v at_o the_o grandeur_n and_o puissance_n of_o this_o emperor_n and_o that_o the_o abundance_n of_o provision_n which_o be_v bring_v continual_o to_o the_o court_n be_v far_o beyond_o the_o relation_n which_o i_o have_v make_v note_n upon_o the_o sixteen_o chapter_n father_n magaillans_n have_v already_o speak_v of_o the_o three_o opinion_n of_o the_o chineses_n 250._o concern_v the_o antiquity_n of_o china_n and_o i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o that_o if_o he_o have_v live_v to_o finish_v this_o work_n he_o will_v have_v put_v all_o that_o he_o say_v of_o it_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n however_o i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o proper_a for_o i_o to_o pare_v off_o any_o thing_n from_o this_o chapter_n as_o well_o for_o that_o i_o will_v not_o make_v a_o alteration_n so_o considerable_a as_o for_o that_o the_o author_n have_v insert_v several_a new_a and_o 〈◊〉_d circumstance_n and_o for_o that_o the_o matter_n be_v also_o of_o great_a moment_n beside_o that_o this_o chapter_n be_v compose_v in_o the_o year_n 1669._o serve_v for_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o three_o which_o f._n magaillans_n have_v write_v in_o the_o year_n before_o as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o date_n which_o he_o set_v down_o in_o this_o work._n chap._n xvii_o a_o desoription_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n of_o the_o wall_n that_o enclose_v the_o emperor_n palace_n and_o the_o form_n of_o the_o principal_a house_n of_o china_n the_o city_n or_o court_n of_o pe_n kim_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o plain_n it_o form_v a_o vast_a square_n each_o of_o the_o side_n of_o which_o be_v twelve_o chinese_n furlong_n in_o length_n which_o make_v about_o three_o italian_a mile_n or_o near_o a_o portugal_n league_n it_o have_v nine_o gate_n three_o upon_o the_o south_n side_n and_o two_o upon_o each_o of_o the_o other_o side_n not_o twelve_o gate_n according_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o f._n martini_n in_o his_o atlas_n p._n 29._o wherein_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v follow_v m._n polo_n l._n 2._o c._n 7._o this_o city_n be_v now_o inhabit_v by_o the_o tartar_n and_o their_o troop_n divide_v into_o eight_o quarter_n or_o banner_n as_o they_o call_v call_v they_o but_o in_o regard_n that_o under_o the_o precede_a king_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v so_o multiply_v that_o the_o capital_a be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o contain_v they_o nor_o the_o nine_o suburb_n answer_v to_o the_o nine_o gate_n which_o if_o they_o be_v not_o every_o one_o a_o great_a city_n be_v at_o least_o as_o big_a as_o many_o great_a borough_n there_o be_v a_o new_a city_n build_v of_o a_o square_a form_n like_o the_o old_a one_o of_o which_o each_o of_o the_o side_n be_v six_o chinese_n furlong_n or_o a_o italian_a mile_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n have_v the_o north_n side_n join_v to_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o old_a city_n it_o have_v seven_o gate_n and_o every_o one_o a_o suburb_n well_o people_v more_o especial_o that_o which_o look_v towards_o the_o west_n for_o that_o be_v the_o side_n where_o all_o that_o come_v from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n enter_v into_o the_o capital_a city_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o city_n be_v divide_v into_o five_o quarter_n or_o jurisdiction_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n the_o principal_a street_n some_o run_v from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n other_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o they_o be_v all_o so_o straight_o so_o long_o so_o broad_a and_o so_o well_o proportion_v that_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o see_v they_o be_v mark_v out_o with_o a_o line_n and_o not_o build_v by_o hap_n hazard_n as_o in_o our_o city_n of_o europe_n the_o little_a street_n run_v all_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o divide_v all_o the_o space_n between_o the_o great_a street_n into_o equal_a and_o proportionable_a island_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v know_v by_o their_o particular_a name_n as_o the_o street_n of_o the_o king_n kindred_n the_o white_a tower-street_n the_o iron_n lyons-street_n the_o fish-street_n the_o aquavity-street_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v a_o book_n to_o be_v sell_v that_o speak_v of_o the_o name_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o street_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o lackey_n that_o attend_v upon_o the_o mandarin_n in_o their_o visit_n and_o to_o their_o tribunal_n and_o carry_v their_o present_n their_o letter_n and_o their_o order_n to_o several_a part_n of_o the_o city_n and_o empire_n for_o they_o be_v continual_o send_v a_o great_a number_n all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n whence_o come_v that_o proverb_n so_o often_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o chinese_n that_o the_o province_n send_v mandarin_n to_o pe_n kim_n and_o pe_n kim_n in_o exchange_n send_v they_o none_o but_o lackey_n and_o messenger_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v a_o rare_a thing_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o mandarin_n who_o be_v a_o native_a of_o that_o city_n the_o fair_a of_o all_o the_o street_n be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v cham_n begin_v kiai_fw-mi or_o the_o street_n of_o perpetual_a repose_n it_o run_v from_o east_n to_o west_n bound_v on_o the_o north_n side_n by_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o king_n palace_n and_o upon_o the_o south_n side_n by_o several_a tribunal_n and_o palace_n of_o great_a lord_n it_o be_v so_o spacious_a that_o it_o be_v about_o thirty_o fathom_n broad_a and_o so_o famous_o know_v that_o the_o learned_a in_o their_o write_n make_v use_v of_o it_o to_o signify_v the_o whole_a city_n take_v a_o part_n for_o the_o whole_a for_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o say_v such_o a_o one_o life_n in_o the_o street_n of_o perpetual_a repose_n as_o to_o say_v he_o live_v at_o pe_n kim_n if_o the_o house_n be_v but_o high_a and_o build_v to_o the_o street_n like_o we_o the_o city_n will_v show_v much_o more_o stately_a but_o they_o be_v all_o low_a building_n to_o show_v the_o respect_n which_o they_o have_v to_o the_o king_n palace_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o palace_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o great_a lord_n which_o be_v lofty_a and_o magnificent_a but_o they_o be_v build_v backward_o so_o that_o you_o see_v nothing_o to_o the_o street_n but_o a_o great_a gate_n which_o have_v house_n on_o each_o side_n inhabit_v by_o their_o domestic_n or_o by_o merchant_n and_o handycraft_n tradesman_n however_o this_o be_v very_o convenient_a for_o public_a convenience_n for_o in_o our_o city_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o street_n be_v take_v up_o by_o house_n of_o noble_a man_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v force_v to_o go_v a_o great_a way_n to_o market_n whereas_o at_o pe_n kim_n and_o in_o all_o the_o other_o city_n of_o china_n there_o be_v every_o thing_n to_o be_v sell_v at_o your_o door_n for_o entertainment_n subsistence_n or_o pleasure_n for_o these_o little_a house_n be_v as_o so_o many_o magazine_n or_o market_n shop_n and_o tavern_n but_o for_o the_o multitude_n of_o people_n so_o numerous_a it_o be_v that_o i_o dare_v not_o presume_v to_o utter_v it_o nor_o do_v i_o know_v how_o to_o make_v it_o understand_v all_o the_o street_n both_o of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a city_n be_v crowd_v with_o people_n as_o well_o the_o small_a street_n as_o the_o great_a as_o well_o those_o at_o the_o far_a end_n as_o those_o in_o the_o hart_n of_o the_o place_n the_o throng_n be_v every_o where_o so_o great_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o compare_v with_o it_o but_o the_o fair_n and_o procession_n of_o europe_n the_o emperor_n palace_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o great_a city_n and_o front_n towards_o the_o south_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o empire_n where_o you_o
〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pe_n kim_v of_o twelve_o furlong_n to_o the_o league_n of_o twenty_o league_n to_o the_o degree_n â—…_n and_o not_o twelve_o and_o a_o 〈◊〉_d as_o we_o have_v already_o agree_v it_o will_v amount_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d league_n or_o forty_o eight_o furlong_n and_o the_o ground_n 〈◊〉_d will_v 〈◊〉_d up_o a_o hundred_o forty_o four_o furlong_n and_o the_o new_a city_n according_a to_o f._n magaillans_n will_v â—…ke_v up_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o old_a one_o or_o thirty_o six_o square_a furlong_n and_o both_o together_o a_o hundred_o and_o fourscore_o square_a furlong_n according_a to_o father_n adam_n the_o new_a city_n will_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d furlong_n in_o circuit_n the_o ground-plâ—…t_a fourscore_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d furlong_n and_o both_o together_o a_o hundred_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d furlong_n square_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o holland_n embassy_n make_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o both_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_v to_o be_v five_o league_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o a_o degree_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o computaâ—…_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d magaillans_n who_o allow_v the_o circuit_n of_o both_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o 〈◊〉_d adam_n 〈◊〉_d be_v sixty_o eight_o furlong_n in_o circumfeâ—…_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d league_n and_o two_o three_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d we_o â—…pare_v pe_n kim_v with_o some_o other_o city_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d both_o city_n take_v together_o be_v much_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o kiâ—…m_n nan_o though_o according_a to_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o trigaut_n they_o be_v much_o better_a 〈◊〉_d semedo_n and_o trigaut_n make_v nan_n kim_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o amount_v to_o seâ—…ty_n two_o furlong_n and_o make_v a_o area_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o fourscore_o furlong_n square_a so_o that_o the_o two_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o father_n adam_n not_o contain_v above_o two_o hundred_o and_o forty_o furlong_n by_o consequence_n take_v up_o not_o above_o three_o fourth_n of_o the_o ground_n enclose_v within_o the_o first_o circuit_n of_o nan_n kim_n for_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o second_o which_o by_o the_o report_n of_o author_n do_v not_o form_v a_o entire_a enclosure_n but_o consist_v only_o of_o some_o entrenchment_n to_o secure_v the_o city_n where_o the_o avenue_n be_v most_o easy_a of_o access_n the_o second_o difficulty_n be_v about_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o seven_o gate_n which_o our_o author_n give_v the_o new_a city_n the_o author_n of_o the_o holland_n embassy_n say_v that_o when_o you_o enter_v in_o at_o the_o south_n gate_n you_o be_v half_o a_o hour_n before_o you_o come_v to_o the_o second_o enclosure_n of_o the_o city_n that_o be_v to_o the_o south_n wall_n of_o the_o ancient_a city_n which_o space_n of_o half_a a_o hour_n in_o cross_v the_o new_a city_n agree_v with_o the_o breadth_n which_o f_o adam_n and_o f._n magaillans_n allow_v it_o he_o go_v on_o and_o say_v that_o the_o second_o enclosure_n be_v fortify_v with_o a_o broad_a mâ—…e_n full_a of_o river_n water_n which_o circumstance_n shâ—…ws_v we_o that_o the_o new_a city_n have_v no_o other_o wall_n on_o the_o north_n side_n thâ—…_n that_o of_o the_o old_a city_n from_o which_o it_o be_v only_o separate_v by_o a_o mote_n so_o that_o all_o the_o relation_n make_v 〈◊〉_d but_o of_o 〈◊〉_d enclosure_n which_o you_o be_v to_o cross_v before_o you_o câ—…me_v to_o the_o palace_n whence_o that_o it_o seem_v the_o 〈◊〉_d gate_n of_o the_o old_a city_n ought_v to_o joyâ—…_n to_o the_o new_a city_n which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v difficult_a to_o apprehend_v consider_v the_o length_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d magaillans_n seem_v to_o gâ—…ve_v it_o but_o very_a easy_a to_o understand_v according_a to_o f._n adam_n meaâ—…ure_n and_o therefore_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n i_o have_v not_o join_v the_o new_a city_n immediate_o to_o the_o old_a one_o as_o i_o be_o 〈◊〉_d to_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ought_v to_o have_v dâ—…ne_v which_o be_v granâ—…d_v my_o opinion_n be_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v three_o gate_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d side_n to_o answer_v the_o three_o gate_n of_o the_o old_a city_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o east_n side_n and_o anâ—…ther_o upon_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d author_n in_o that_o paragraph_n say_v that_o every_o gate_n lead_v to_o a_o particular_a suburb_n well_o people_v more_o especial_o that_o which_o look_v towards_o the_o west_n now_o he_o have_v not_o explain_v himself_o right_a if_o there_o be_v more_o than_o one_o gate_n and_o one_o suburb_n on_o the_o west_n side_n and_o thus_o there_o remain_v but_o two_o gate_n which_o i_o have_v place_v on_o the_o south_n side_n and_o i_o do_v not_o expect_v to_o meet_v with_o any_o thing_n more_o exact_a till_o we_o have_v further_a news_n from_o china_n the_o three_o thing_n that_o puzzle_v i_o be_v the_o great_a number_n of_o suburb_n belong_v to_o the_o two_o city_n our_o author_n say_v that_o every_o gate_n lead_v to_o its_o suburb_n so_o then_o as_o there_o be_v sixteen_o gate_n nine_o in_o the_o old_a and_o seven_o belong_v to_o the_o new_a city_n there_o must_v also_o be_v sixteen_o suburb_n but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v impossible_a by_o reason_n that_o according_a to_o our_o author_n and_o other_o relation_n the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o new_a city_n join_v to_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o old_a and_o you_o enter_v out_o of_o the_o first_o into_o the_o second_o at_o three_o gate_n as_o father_n adam_n say_v express_o in_o these_o word_n tribus_fw-la portis_fw-la ab_fw-la anteriorem_fw-la urbem_fw-la est_fw-la peruia_fw-la consequent_o the_o southern_a gate_n of_o the_o old_a city_n can_v have_v no_o suburb_n no_o more_o than_o the_o northern_a gate_n of_o the_o new_a especial_o if_o they_o be_v only_o separate_v by_o a_o mote_n so_o then_o according_a to_o this_o supposition_n the_o old_a city_n can_v have_v but_o four_o suburb_n the_o new_a city_n but_o two_o and_o both_o together_o but_o six_o or_o if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o seven_o gate_n of_o the_o new_a city_n to_o be_v separate_v and_o distant_a from_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o old_a city_n than_o there_o will_v be_v thirteen_o suburb_n in_o all_o and_o not_o sixteen_o which_o make_v i_o think_v our_o author_n mean_v that_o every_o separate_a gate_n that_o lead_v into_o the_o country_n have_v a_o suburb_n now_o in_o regard_n that_o neither_o our_o author_n nor_o any_o relation_n speak_v exact_o of_o the_o fortification_n of_o this_o great_a city_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o set_v down_o here_o what_o i_o have_v collect_v from_o trigault_n semedo_n martini_n adam_n and_o out_o of_o the_o holland_n embassy_n the_o old_a town_n be_v environ_v with_o strong_a wall_n defend_v by_o several_a tower_n place_v a_o stone_n throw_v one_o from_o another_o f._n adam_n number_v the_o tower_n to_o be_v three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o which_o make_v a_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o two_o foot_n of_o paris_n he_o say_v moreover_o that_o among_o these_o tower_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o every_o two_o furlong_n there_o be_v one_o of_o a_o large_a bulk_n which_o may_v be_v easy_o make_v a_o bastion_n by_o add_v the_o point_n or_o two_o face_n of_o the_o bastion_n which_o be_v want_v the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o city_n be_v forty_o eight_o furlong_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v twenty_o four_o great_a tower_n which_o will_v make_v twenty_o four_o bastion_n which_o will_v be_v distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o about_o four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o fathom_n or_o five_o hundred_o and_o forty_o geometrical_a pace_n the_o wall_n be_v proper_o a_o rampart_n consist_v of_o two_o brick_n wall_n the_o bottom_z of_o which_o be_v of_o large_a free_a stone_n according_a to_o trigaut_n and_o martini_n and_o the_o space_n between_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o earth_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o strong_a fort_n in_o europe_n f._n adam_n say_v that_o the_o rampart_n be_v fifty_o cubit_n or_o chinese_n foot_n high_a that_o be_v to_o say_v seven_o fathom_n and_o seven_o and_o 7_o 24_o or_o forty_o three_o foot_n and_o three_o quarter_n and_o that_o the_o thickness_n of_o it_o be_v twenty_o four_o cubit_n or_o chinese_n foot_n that_o be_v to_o say_v three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a or_o twenty_o one_o foot._n all_o the_o old_a wall_n be_v surround_v with_o a_o deep_a and_o large_a mote_n full_a of_o water_n and_o the_o rampart_n and_o tower_n be_v furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n necessary_a for_o their_o defence_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n moreover_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o dutch_a embassy_n observe_v that_o there_o be_v a_o large_a portcullis_n belong_v to_o the_o gate_n through_o which_o the_o ambassador_n enter_v it_o be_v so_o spacious_a that_o it_o be_v above_o thirty_o fathom_n broad_a 267._o it_o be_v in_o the_o original_a above_o twenty_o lance_n
hang_v down_o on_o both_o side_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o wall_n be_v cover_v with_o square_a tile_n green_a yellow_a and_o blue_a which_o be_v so_o range_v as_o to_o represent_v beast_n flower_n and_o horn_n in_o abundance_n this_o be_v suppose_v the_o palace_n take_v up_o the_o space_n or_o part_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o other_o part_n be_v for_o the_o collateral_a palace_n which_o we_o be_v go_v to_o describe_v and_o by_o consequence_n stand_v within_o the_o innermost_a enclosure_n the_o first_o be_v call_v venus_n ho_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o flourish_a learning_n it_o serve_v the_o king_n for_o two_o uses_n first_o for_o his_o retirement_n when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o discourse_v of_o science_n or_o any_o important_a affair_n of_o the_o empire_n second_o for_o his_o more_o strict_a observance_n of_o the_o fast_n that_o be_v most_o usual_a among_o the_o chinese_n which_o they_o observe_v four_o time_n a_o year_n and_o be_v general_o answerable_a to_o our_o four_o season_n for_o when_o they_o design_v to_o perform_v their_o solemn_a sacrifice_n they_o fast_o the_o three_o precede_a day_n and_o last_o when_o they_o will_v implore_v the_o favour_n and_o mercy_n of_o heaven_n in_o any_o public_a calamity_n as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o famine_n pestilence_n earthquake_n or_o extraordinary_a inundation_n during_o these_o day_n the_o mandarin_n live_v apart_o from_o their_o wife_n and_o remain_z day_n and_o night_n in_o their_o tribunal_n never_o eat_v any_o flesh_n nor_o drink_v wine_n nor_o discourse_n of_o any_o business_n especial_o in_o criminal_a matter_n the_o emperor_n also_o keep_v himself_o solitary_a in_o his_o palace_n upon_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o supreme_a imperial_a hall._n the_o second_o palace_n be_v just_a over_o against_o the_o former_a on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o same_o imperial_a hall_n and_o be_v call_v vu_z in_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o council_n of_o war._n thither_o the_o king_n retire_v to_o consultation_n when_o the_o kingdom_n be_v alarm_v by_o any_o revolt_n or_o by_o pirate_n or_o the_o inroad_n of_o the_o tartar_n upon_o the_o frontier_n these_o two_o palace_n have_v every_o one_o four_o apartment_n with_o their_o court_n and_o a_o royal_a hall_n in_o the_o middle_n with_o stair_n and_o a_o open_a walk_n or_o gallery_n round_o about_o of_o white_a marble_n wrought_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v those_o of_o the_o principal_a palace_n but_o much_o less_o the_o court_n be_v garnish_v on_o each_o side_n with_o hall_n and_o chamber_n the_o architecture_n of_o which_o be_v very_o exquisite_a and_o paint_v within_o side_n with_o vermillion_a varnish_n intermix_v with_o gold_n and_o azure_a and_o what_o we_o say_v of_o these_o two_o palace_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v likewise_o of_o those_o that_o follow_v the_o three_o or_o second_o on_o the_o east_n side_n be_v call_v tum_o sien_a tien_n or_o the_o palace_n where_o honour_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o decease_a king_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n that_o actual_o reign_v those_o king_n be_v seat_v upon_o their_o royal_a throne_n in_o a_o magnificent_a hall_n adorn_v with_o stair_n and_o gallery_n and_o all_o other_o convenience_n like_o the_o rest_n before_o mention_v their_o image_n be_v make_v of_o eagle-wood_n saunders_n or_o some_o other_o odoriferous_a and_o precious_a wood_n and_o adorn_v with_o sumptuous_a habit_n before_o the_o image_n be_v place_v sumptuous_a table_n with_o candlestick_n chafer_n and_o other_o costly_a ornament_n and_o upon_o the_o day_n of_o the_o ceremony_n there_o be_v a_o offer_v make_v they_o of_o several_a table_n cover_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o exquisite_a viand_n the_o four_o palace_n or_o second_o on_o the_o west_n side_n be_v call_v gin_fw-mi chi_fw-mi tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o mercy_n and_o prudence_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n be_v dead_a they_o set_v he_o in_o a_o rich_a chair_n which_o be_v ready_o prepare_v and_o which_o sixteen_o eunuch_n carry_v into_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o royal_a hall_n of_o this_o palace_n where_o there_o be_v a_o estrade_n and_o a_o rich_a bed_n upon_o which_o they_o lie_v the_o body_n soon_o after_o with_o a_o world_n of_o ceremony_n and_o funeral_n music_n they_o put_v he_o into_o a_o coffin_n which_o cost_v no_o less_o than_o two_o or_o three_o thousand_o crown_n it_o be_v make_v of_o a_o certain_a wood_n that_o grow_v in_o the_o province_n of_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge call_v come_v cio_o mo_z or_o peacock-wood_n in_o regard_n the_o line_n and_o vein_n of_o it_o form_n certain_a figure_n that_o represent_v the_o eye_n in_o a_o peacock_n tail._n the_o chineses_n affirm_v that_o this_o wood_n which_o be_v certain_o very_o curious_a and_o precious_a preserve_v dead_a body_n from_o corrupt_a for_o many_o year_n afterward_o the_o funeral_n pomp_n be_v perform_v in_o this_o palace_n with_o so_o many_o ceremony_n and_o with_o so_o much_o cost_n that_o it_o will_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o a_o long_a and_o curious_a relation_n the_o chineses_n after_o they_o have_v stop_v up_o all_o the_o seam_n and_o jointure_n of_o the_o coffin_n with_o bitumen_n to_o prevent_v the_o exhalation_n of_o any_o offensive_a smell_n usual_o leave_v the_o body_n for_o several_a month_n and_o sometime_o for_o several_a year_n in_o the_o same_o place_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v the_o corpse_n of_o a_o father_n or_o mother_n for_o who_o they_o wear_v mourn_v for_o three_o year_n because_o say_v they_o they_o can_v endure_v to_o part_v with_o they_o as_o for_o the_o king_n after_o the_o funeral_n obsequy_n be_v perform_v with_o a_o magnificence_n incredible_a and_o befit_v so_o great_a a_o monarch_n they_o carry_v he_o to_o be_v inter_v in_o the_o imperial_a wood._n for_o so_o they_o call_v the_o place_n where_o the_o royal_a sepulcher_n be_v of_o which_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o the_o grandeur_n of_o it_o the_o palace_n the_o wealth_n and_o ornament_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o the_o wall_n that_o environ_v it_o the_o mandarin_n and_o other_o servant_n that_o be_v employ_v in_o continual_a attendance_n and_o the_o soldier_n that_o guard_v it_o will_v well_o deserve_v a_o particular_a relation_n the_o five_o palace_n or_o three_o on_o the_o east_n side_n be_v call_v tsu_n he_o cum_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o compassion_n and_o joy._n here_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v heir_n to_o the_o empire_n keep_v his_o court_n till_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n the_o six_o and_o three_o on_o the_o west_n side_n be_v call_v kim_n ho_o cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o union_n and_o flourish_a this_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o son_n of_o the_o emperor_n before_o they_o be_v marry_v for_o when_o they_o be_v marry_v they_o be_v usual_o send_v to_o the_o capital_a or_o some_o other_o principal_a city_n of_o the_o province_n where_o they_o have_v palace_n build_v to_o receive_v they_o of_o a_o astonish_a magnificence_n i_o have_v see_v three_o several_a time_n myself_o the_o first_o in_o the_o city_n of_o vu_fw-fr chan_fw-mi capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o hu_o cham_n the_o second_o in_o the_o city_n of_o chim_z tu_fw-la capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o sucheven_n and_o the_o three_o in_o the_o city_n of_o ham_n chum_n a_o famous_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xen_fw-mi si_fw-mi there_o be_v other_o in_o the_o city_n of_o simo_n begin_v capital_a of_o the_o say_a province_n of_o xen_fw-mi si_fw-mi in_o the_o city_n of_o pien_n leam_fw-la capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n in_o kim_n cheu_o a_o considerable_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o hu_o quam_fw-la in_o kien_n cham_n a_o remarkable_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o kiam_fw-la si_fw-la in_o nam_n cham_n capital_a of_o the_o same_o province_n and_o in_o several_a other_o all_o these_o palace_n though_o much_o less_o than_o pe_n kim_n be_v very_o vast_a beautiful_a rich_a and_o magnificent_a they_o contain_v some_o ten_o some_o twelve_o some_o more_o apartment_n with_o separate_a palace_n on_o each_o side_n and_o a_o double_a enclosure_n of_o wall_n when_o the_o emperor_n send_v his_o second_o or_o three_o son_n to_o one_o of_o these_o palace_n he_o give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o king._n for_o example_n he_o give_v the_o title_n of_o cho_n vam_fw-la or_o king_n of_o cho_n to_o he_o who_o he_o send_v to_o the_o city_n of_o chim_z tu_fw-la metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n of_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge because_o this_o province_n be_v ancient_o call_v cho._n every_o one_o of_o these_o king_n have_v a_o thousand_o eunuch_n to_o serve_v and_o attend_v they_o to_o take_v care_n of_o their_o affair_n and_o receive_v their_o revenue_n but_o these_o king_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v in_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o province_n nevertheless_o the_o mandarin_n be_v oblige_v to_o come_v four_o time_n a_o year_n
or_o the_o palace_n of_o â—…en_n thousand_o sport_n and_o pleasure_n it_o stand_v by_o the_o lake_n on_o the_o north_n side_n for_o so_o we_o have_v place_v it_o according_a to_o our_o author_n description_n there_o the_o king_n repose_v when_o he_o go_v a_o fish_n or_o to_o take_v his_o pleasure_n by_o water_n q._n the_o seven_o palace_n call_v hu_o chim_z tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o tiger_n wall_n there_o the_o king_n breed_v up_o wild_a beast_n of_o several_a sort_n and_o go_v to_o see_v they_o himself_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o place_n be_v not_o particular_o set_v down_o by_o our_o author_n i_o have_v place_v it_o in_o that_o part_n which_o i_o think_v to_o be_v the_o most_o spacious_a and_o most_o proper_a between_o the_o two_o wall_n r._n the_o eight_o palace_n call_v the_o mansion_n of_o fortress_n of_o the_o middle_a appoint_v for_o exercise_v the_o eunuch_n the_o situation_n be_v not_o mention_v by_o the_o author_n only_o he_o place_v it_o between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o six_o s._n the_o first_o temple_n of_o the_o four_o most_o considerable_a in_o the_o palace_n it_o be_v call_v tai_n quam_fw-la mim_fw-mi or_o the_o palace_n of_o great_a light_n and_o dedicate_v to_o the_o bear-star_n it_o stand_v within_o the_o inner_a enclosure_n and_o i_o have_v place_v it_o on_o the_o left_a side_n as_o the_o most_o honourable_a place_n as_o be_v upon_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n t._n the_o second_o temple_n call_v tai_n cao_o tien_n or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a and_o sovereign_a emperor_n this_o temple_n be_v dedicate_v to_o that_o famous_a deify_v captain_n mention_v in_o the_o sixteen_o chapter_n who_o name_n i_o can_v never_o find_v nor_o the_o precise_a time_n of_o his_o death_n i_o have_v place_v the_o temple_n at_o a_o venture_n upon_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o lake_n because_o our_o author_n say_v no_o more_o but_o only_o that_o it_o stand_v between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n v._o the_o three_o temple_n call_v macala_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o ox_n head_n but_o our_o author_n do_v not_o precise_o mark_v down_o the_o situation_n of_o it_o x._o the_o four_o temple_n lama_n tien_n the_o palace_n or_o temple_n belong_v to_o the_o lama_n it_o stand_v in_o the_o plane_n as_o our_o author_n place_n it_o in_o the_o middle_a of_o a_o rocky_a mountain_n make_v with_o hand_n like_o a_o sugar-loaf_n with_o a_o tower_n at_o the_o top._n y._n twenty_o four_o palace_n for_o the_o mandarin_n high_a steward_n of_o the_o emperor_n household_n i_o have_v place_v they_o on_o the_o east_n side_n between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n where_o our_o author_n place_n they_o who_o make_v no_o particular_a description_n of_o they_o no_o more_o than_o he_o do_v of_o the_o other_o edifice_n as_o house_n of_o pleasure_n library_n magazine_n office_n stable_n etc._n etc._n which_o make_v the_o curious_a more_o desirous_a of_o complete_a description_n and_o more_o perfect_a draught_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o emperor_n temple_n seat_v in_o pe_n kim_v and_o of_o the_o manner_n how_o the_o king_n go_v abroad_o to_o perform_v public_a duty_n beside_o the_o temple_n which_o stand_v in_o the_o palace_n the_o emperor_n have_v seven_o more_o in_o each_o of_o which_o he_o sacrifice_n once_o a_o year_n five_o in_o the_o new_a city_n and_o two_o in_o the_o old_a one_o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v call_v tien_n tam_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o heaven_n seat_v two_o chinese_n furlong_n from_o the_o principal_a gate_n of_o the_o city_n a_o little_a to_o the_o east_n and_o encompass_v with_o a_o round_a wall_n three_o furlong_n in_o compass_n one_o part_n of_o this_o area_n be_v take_v up_o with_o very_a beautiful_a building_n the_o rest_n with_o a_o green_a and_o very_o thick_a grove_n who_o tree_n be_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a height_n and_o render_v the_o place_n no_o less_o melancholy_a and_o gloomy_a to_o we_o than_o it_o seem_v devout_a and_o venerable_a to_o the_o insidel_n it_o have_v five_o door_n on_o the_o south_n side_n three_o in_o the_o middle_n like_o the_o palace_n which_o be_v never_o open_v but_o when_o the_o king_n come_v to_o sacrifice_v and_o two_o of_o each_o side_n always_o open_a for_o admittance_n of_o all_o that_o go_v to_o the_o temple_n on_o the_o south_n and_o north_n side_n there_o be_v seven_o separate_a apartment_n six_o of_o which_o be_v hall_n and_o portal_n as_o large_a and_o magnificent_a as_o those_o of_o the_o king_n palace_n the_o seven_o be_v a_o vast_a and_o high_a round_a hall_n which_o represent_v heaven_n support_v by_o fourscore_o and_o two_o column_n the_o whole_a paint_a within_o side_n with_o azure_a and_o gold_n and_o cover_v with_o tile_n varnshy_v with_o blue_a in_o this_o temple_n it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n to_o heaven_n upon_o the_o day_n and_o at_o the_o very_a moment_n that_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o winter_n solstice_n attend_v by_o all_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o mandarin_n of_o the_o court_n and_o as_o for_o the_o victim_n he_o offer_v they_o be_v ox_n hog_n goat_n and_o sheep_n great_a preparation_n be_v make_v for_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o ceremony_n which_o be_v very_o solemn_a and_o the_o solemnity_n carry_v on_o with_o no_o less_o respect_n and_o humility_n for_o then_o the_o emperor_n lay_v aside_o his_o gold_n his_o precious_a stone_n and_o yellow_a robe_n appear_v only_o decent_o habit_v in_o a_o plain_a of_o vestment_n of_o black_a or_o sky_n colour_n damask_n the_o second_o temple_n be_v call'g_v ti_fw-mi tam_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o stand_v towards_o the_o west_n at_o a_o distance_n answerable_a to_o that_o of_o the_o first_o from_o which_o it_o differ_v nothing_o but_o only_o that_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o tile_n varnish_v with_o green_a when_o the_o king_n be_v crown_v before_o he_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o empire_n he_o go_v to_o this_o temple_n where_o he_o sacrifice_n to_o the_o god_n of_o the_o earth_n afterward_o he_o put_v on_o the_o habit_n of_o a_o ploughman_n and_o with_o two_o ox_n with_o guild_a horn_n and_o a_o plough_v varnish_v with_o vermilion_n and_o streak_n of_o gold_n he_o set_v himself_o to_o plough_v a_o little_a piece_n of_o ground_n that_o lie_v within_o the_o enclosure_n of_o the_o temple_n while_o he_o be_v busy_a at_o his_o labour_n the_o queen_n with_o her_o lady_n in_o another_o part_n dress_v he_o a_o poor_a and_o homely_a dinner_n which_o she_o bring_v he_o and_o which_o they_o eat_v together_o the_o ancient_a chineses_n institute_v this_o ceremony_n to_o the_o end_v their_o king_n may_v remember_v that_o their_o revenue_n come_v from_o the_o labour_n and_o heat_n of_o the_o people_n brow_n and_o therefore_o aught_o to_o be_v employ_v in_o necessary_a expense_n and_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o in_o useless_a building_n exorbitant_a sport_n and_o pleasure_n or_o superfluous_a riot_n to_o the_o north_n of_o these_o two_o temple_n stand_v three_o more_o distant_a two_o chinese_n furlong_n from_o the_o gate_n and_o from_o the_o wall_n on_o the_o north_n east_n and_o west_n side_n and_o which_o be_v altogether_o like_o the_o two_o former_a that_o on_o the_o north_n side_n be_v call_v pe_n tien_n tan_o or_o the_o north_n temple_n of_o heaven_n here_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o summer_n solstice_n and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o vernal_a equinox_n he_o sacrifice_n in_o the_o eastern_a temple_n call_v ge_n tam_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o to_o the_o autumnal_a equinox_n in_o the_o western_a temple_n which_o be_v call_v you_o tamburlaine_n or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o before_o the_o performance_n of_o these_o sacrifice_n the_o king_n command_v a_o fast_a for_o three_o day_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o pe_n kim_v during_o which_o time_n they_o be_v forbid_v to_o eat_v either_o flesh_n or_o fish_n nor_o be_v the_o tribunal_n especial_o the_o criminal_a to_o do_v any_o business_n which_o somewhat_o resemble_v our_o fast_a of_o ember-week_n i_o ask_v a_o learned_a man_n one_o day_n what_o benefit_n they_o hope_v to_o obtain_v by_o these_o fast_n and_o sacrifice_n and_o how_o they_o dare_v affirm_v that_o their_o king_n nor_o queen_n ever_o sacrifice_v public_o to_o idol_n since_o the_o heaven_n the_o earth_n the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v all_o inanimate_a body_n that_o no_o way_n merit_v divine_a honour_n and_o sacrifice_n which_o belong_v only_o to_o god_n by_o who_o they_o be_v create_v to_o which_o he_o reply_v that_o the_o word_n heaven_n have_v two_o signification_n by_o the_o first_o be_v mean_v the_o material_a heaven_n call_v you_o he_o chi_fw-mi tien_n which_o be_v that_o which_o we_o see_v and_o of_o which_o we_o feel_v the_o
effect_n as_o we_o do_v also_o of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n but_o the_o second_o signification_n intend_v the_o immaterial_a heaven_n call_v you_o vu_z he_o chi_fw-mi tien_n which_o have_v no_o shape_n or_o figure_n and_o which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o creator_n and_o principle_n of_o all_o thing_n this_o be_v the_o heaven_n add_v he_o to_o which_o the_o ancient_a chineses_n address_v their_o sacrifice_n and_o their_o fast_n to_o appease_v his_o wrath_n and_o return_v he_o thanks_o for_o the_o benefit_n which_o continual_o they_o receive_v from_o he_o all_o the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n but_o afterward_o as_o man_n be_v natural_o blockish_a and_o carnal_a mind_v they_o forget_v the_o true_a lord_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o mind_v only_o the_o material_a visible_a heaven_n nevertheless_o say_v he_o when_o the_o king_n sacrifice_v in_o the_o temple_n of_o heaven_n or_o earth_n the_o sun_n or_o moon_n who_o name_n be_v only_o use_v to_o distinguish_v the_o sacrifice_n and_o the_o season_n he_o do_v not_o sacrifice_v to_o those_o creature_n as_o the_o people_n imagine_v but_o to_o the_o spiritual_a heaven_n the_o six_o temple_n stand_v in_o the_o old_a city_n be_v call_v ti_fw-mi vam_fw-la miao_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o all_o the_o past_a king_n this_o be_v a_o large_a and_o magnificent_a palace_n with_o many_o apartment_n portal_n court_n and_o hall_n of_o which_o the_o last_o be_v as_o fair_a as_o spacious_a and_o as_o well_o adorn_v as_o those_o of_o the_o king_n palace_n there_o you_o behold_v on_o rich_a throne_n the_o statue_n of_o all_o the_o king_n of_o china_n good_a and_o bad_a for_o four_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o year_n together_o from_o the_o first_o king_n name_v to_o high_a to_o the_o last_o call_v xum_o chi_fw-mi the_o father_n of_o the_o present_a prince_n this_o temple_n stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o one_o of_o the_o fair_a street_n of_o the_o city_n which_o street_n be_v fill_v up_o in_o two_o place_n by_o two_o triumphal_a arch_n with_o three_o gate_n high_a raise_v majestic_a and_o worthy_a to_o be_v admire_v all_o people_n that_o pass_v through_o this_o street_n of_o what_o quality_n so_o ever_o alight_v and_o walk_v a_o foot_n when_o they_o come_v to_o these_o arch_n till_o they_o be_v pass_v the_o front_n of_o the_o temple_n here_o the_o king_n perform_v his_o annual_a ceremony_n to_o his_o predecessor_n once_o a_o year_n but_o the_o ceremony_n which_o be_v observe_v both_o in_o this_o and_o all_o other_o solemnity_n be_v so_o numerous_a and_o of_o such_o various_a and_o different_a sort_n that_o we_o shall_v never_o make_v a_o end_n shall_v we_o go_v about_o to_o give_v a_o full_a account_n of_o they_o all_o but_o the_o reader_n may_v make_v a_o easy_a judgement_n of_o their_o splendour_n by_o what_o we_o have_v relate_v the_o seven_o be_v call_v chim_z hoam_v miao_o or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o spirit_n that_o guard_v the_o wall_n it_o stand_v within_o the_o city_n near_o the_o wall_n on_o the_o west_n side_n the_o king_n never_o sacrifice_n in_o this_o temple_n but_o the_o mandarin_n only_o nevertheless_o this_o ceremony_n be_v account_v among_o the_o royal_a sacrifice_n as_o well_o for_o that_o the_o king_n be_v at_o the_o charge_n as_o because_o that_o he_o be_v the_o man_n who_o name_v the_o person_n that_o be_v to_o sacrifice_v in_o this_o place_n moreover_o all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v such_o a_o temple_n as_o this_o and_o seat_v as_o this_o be_v consecrate_v to_o the_o spirit_n that_o guard_v the_o wall_n as_o if_o we_o shall_v say_v dedicate_v to_o the_o tutelary_a angel_n of_o every_o city_n thus_o much_o for_o the_o emperor_n temple_n we_o be_v now_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o pomp_n and_o magnificence_n of_o his_o retinue_n when_o he_o stir_v out_o of_o his_o palace_n there_o be_v two_o occasion_n that_o carry_v the_o emperor_n abroad_o out_o of_o his_o palace_n the_o first_o when_o he_o go_v a_o hunt_n or_o to_o take_v the_o air_n which_o be_v look_v upon_o only_a as_o a_o private_a action_n and_o then_o he_o be_v attend_v only_o by_o his_o guard_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o other_o great_a lord_n who_o ride_v before_o behind_o or_o on_o each_o side_n according_a to_o their_o degree_n and_o pre-eminency_n this_o train_n do_v not_o consist_v of_o above_o two_o thousand_o man_n all_o on_o horseback_n sumptuous_a in_o their_o habit_n their_o arm_n and_o the_o trappings_o of_o their_o horse_n at_o what_o time_n you_o behold_v nothing_o but_o silk_n and_o embroidery_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n glitter_v with_o precious_a stone_n certain_o if_o a_o man_n do_v but_o consider_v it_o well_o i_o question_v whether_o any_o prince_n upon_o the_o earth_n ever_o appear_v in_o his_o common_a cavalcades_n with_o a_o pomp_n parallel_n to_o what_o we_o see_v at_o this_o court_n when_o the_o emperor_n come_v forth_o out_o of_o his_o palace_n only_o to_o divertise_v himself_o in_o his_o park_n and_o garden_n or_o only_o to_o hunt_v for_o his_o pleasure_n in_o the_o country_n the_o scond_v occasion_n be_v when_o the_o emperor_n come_v forth_o to_o perform_v any_o sacrifice_n or_o any_o public_a duty_n and_o then_o his_o procession_n be_v after_o this_o manner_n first_o appear_v twenty_o four_o man_n with_o large_a drum_n in_o two_o row_n or_o file_n of_o twelve_o a_o piece_n as_o do_v all_o the_o rest_n that_o follow_v second_o twenty_o four_o trumpet_n twelve_o in_o a_o row_n these_o instrument_n be_v make_v of_o a_o certain_a wood_n call_v five_o tum_fw-la xu_o high_o value_v by_o the_o chinese_n who_o say_v that_o when_o the_o bird_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v desirous_a of_o repose_n she_o perch_v upon_o the_o bough_n of_o this_o tree_n these_o trumpet_n be_v about_o three_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o almost_o a_o hand_n breadth_n diameter_n at_o the_o mouth_n they_o be_v shape_v like_o a_o bell_n adorn_v with_o circle_n of_o gold_n and_o pleas_o accord_v with_o the_o noise_n and_o beat_v of_o the_o drum_n three_o twenty_o four_o man_n with_o long_a staff_n twelve_o in_o a_o row_n which_o staff_n be_v seven_o or_o eight_o foot_n in_o length_n varnish_v with_o red_a and_o from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o adorn_v with_o guilt_n foliage_n four_o a_o hundred_o halbardeer_n fifty_o in_o a_o row_n with_o the_o head_n of_o their_o halberd_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o crescent_n five_o a_o hundred_o man_n carry_v mace_n of_o guilt_n wood_n fifty_o in_o a_o row_n with_o staff_n as_o long_o as_o a_o lance_n six_o two_o royal_a pole_n call_v cassi_n varnish_v with_o red_a intermix_v with_o flower_n and_o gild_a at_o both_o ends._n seven_o four_o hundred_o large_a lantern_n rich_o adorn_v and_o all_o curious_a piece_n of_o workmanship_n eight_o four_o hundred_o flambeaux_fw-fr delicate_o trim_v and_o carve_v and_o make_v of_o a_o certain_a sort_n of_o wood_n that_o give_v a_o great_a light_n that_o last_v long_o nine_o two_o hundred_o lance_n adorn_v below_o the_o steel_n head_n some_o with_o silk_n fringe_n other_o with_o the_o tail_n of_o panther_n wolf_n fox_n or_o other_o beast_n ten_o twenty_o four_o banner_n upon_o which_o be_v paint_v the_o twenty_o four_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n which_o the_o chineses_n divide_v into_o twenty_o four_o part_n whereas_o we_o divide_v it_o into_o no_o more_o than_o twelve_o twelve_o leventhly_a fifty_o six_o banner_n wherein_o be_v paint_v fifty_o six_o constellation_n under_o which_o the_o chineses_n comprehend_v the_o whole_a number_n of_o the_o star_n twelve_o two_o large_a flabel_n support_v by_o long_a pole_n gild_a and_o paint_v with_o various_a figure_n of_o the_o sun_n dragon_n bird_n and_o other_o creature_n thirteen_o twenty_o four_o umbrello_n rich_o adorn_v and_o they_o that_o carry_v they_o two_o and_o two_o together_o as_o i_o say_v before_o fourteen_o eight_o sort_n of_o utensil_n for_o the_o king_n be_v ordinary_a use_n and_o occasion_n as_o a_o table_n cloth_n a_o basin_n of_o gold_n and_o a_o ewer_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n with_o several_a other_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n fifteenth_o ten_o horse_n as_o white_a as_o snow_n with_o their_o saddle_n and_o bridle_n adorn_v with_o gold_n pearl_n and_o precious_a stone_n sixteenth_o a_o hundred_o lancier_n and_o on_o both_o side_n within_o side_n of_o they_o the_o page_n of_o the_o emperor_n chamber_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n between_o they_o the_o emperor_n himself_o with_o a_o air_n majestic_a and_o grave_a mount_v upon_o a_o lovely_a steed_n and_o cover_v with_o a_o parasol_n or_o umbrello_n beautiful_a and_o costly_a beyond_o the_o belief_n of_o those_o that_o never_o behold_v it_o and_o so_o large_a that_o it_o shade_n both_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o horse_n seventeenth_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n the_o petty_a
king_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o most_o eminent_a lord_n magnificent_o clad_v and_o range_v on_o both_o side_n in_o rank_n and_o file_n according_a to_o their_o dignity_n eighteenth_o five_o hundred_o young_a gentleman_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n rich_o habit_v nineteenth_o a_o thousand_o man_n five_o hundred_o in_o a_o body_n call_v hiao_n guei_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v footman_n clad_v in_o red_a robe_n embroider_v with_o flower_n and_o star_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n with_o long_a straight_a plume_n of_o feather_n in_o their_o bonnet_n twentiethly_fw-mi a_o open_a chair_n or_o litter_n carry_v by_o thirty_o six_o man_n attend_v by_o another_o close_a litter_n as_o big_a as_o a_o chamber_n and_o carry_v by_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o men._n one_o and_o twentiethly_a two_o vast_a chariot_n each_o of_o they_o draw_v by_o two_o elephant_n two_o and_o twentiethly_fw-mi a_o large_a chariot_n draw_v by_o eight_o horse_n and_o another_o lesser_a by_o four_o all_o these_o chariot_n be_v sumptuous_o line_v the_o elephant_n and_o horse_n rich_o caparison_v and_o the_o governor_n and_o coachman_n in_o costly_a livery_n and_o every_o litter_n and_o every_o chariot_n be_v attend_v by_o a_o captain_n with_o fifty_o soldier_n three_o and_o twentiethly_fw-mi two_o thousand_o learned_a mandarin_n a_o thousand_o in_o a_o body_n four_o and_o twentiethly_fw-mi two_o thousand_o military_a mandarin_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o gorgeous_o apparel_v in_o their_o ceremony-robe_n and_o these_o last_o bring_v up_o the_o emperor_n train_n and_o conclude_v the_o pomp._n note_n upon_o the_o twenty_o first_o chapter_n and_o upon_o the_o emperor_n be_v seven_o temple_n stand_v in_o the_o two_o city_n z._n five_o temple_n seat_v in_o the_o new_a city_n the_o first_o call_v tien_n tam_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o heaven_n stand_v as_o our_o author_n say_v two_o chinese_n furlong_n from_o the_o principal_a gate_n of_o the_o city_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o south_n gate_n a_o little_a towards_o the_o east_n it_o be_v encompass_v with_o a_o round_a wall_n three_o furlong_n in_o circumference_n the_o rest_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o plane_n there_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n to_o the_o winter_n solstice_n the_o four_o other_o temple_n be_v build_v altogether_o like_o the_o first_o the_o second_o call_v ti_o tamburlaine_n or_o temple_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v seat_v towards_o the_o west_n at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o principal_a gate_n proportionable_a to_o that_o of_o the_o first_o here_o the_o emperor_n sacrifice_n to_o the_o god_n of_o the_o earth_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o his_o coronation_n the_o three_o be_v about_o two_o furlong_n distant_a from_o the_o north_n gate_n and_o be_v call_v pe_n tien_n tam_fw-la or_o the_o north_n temple_n of_o heaven_n here_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n to_o the_o summer_n solstice_n the_o four_o be_v about_o two_o furlong_n distant_a from_o the_o east_n gate_n and_o be_v call_v ge_n tam_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n where_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n to_o the_o vernal_a equinox_n the_o five_o be_v two_o furlong_n distant_a from_o the_o western_a gate_n and_o be_v call_v you_o tamburlaine_n or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o moon_n where_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n to_o the_o autumnal_a equinox_n if_o we_o must_v allow_v sixteen_o furlong_n in_o length_n to_o the_o new_a city_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o f._n adam_n these_o two_o temple_n ought_v to_o be_v place_v far_o to_o keep_v the_o same_o distance_n of_o two_o furlong_n from_o the_o east_n and_o west_n gate_n 1._o two_o temple_n stand_v on_o the_o old_a city_n the_o first_o call_v ti_fw-mi vam_fw-la miao_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o all_o the_o decease_a king_n this_o be_v a_o spacious_a and_o magnificent_a palace_n in_o the_o chief_a great_a room_n of_o state_n of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o statue_n of_o all_o the_o king_n of_o china_n good_a and_o bad_a from_o king_n foyes_n hi_o seat_v all_o upon_o throne_n our_o author_n mention_v the_o situation_n of_o it_o say_v no_o more_o than_o only_o this_o that_o it_o stand_v in_o one_o of_o the_o fair_a street_n of_o the_o city_n between_o two_o triumphal_a arch_n which_o be_v mark_v down_o in_o the_o plane_n so_o that_o this_o temple_n must_v not_o be_v place_v to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o palace_n in_o regard_n that_o space_n be_v take_v up_o with_o the_o outermost_a court_n and_o first_o apartment_n of_o the_o palace_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v it_o proper_a to_o place_v it_o towards_o the_o west_n in_o regard_n the_o follow_a temple_n be_v place_v there_o nor_o towards_o the_o north_n which_o among_o the_o chinese_n be_v the_o mean_a place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v place_v it_o towards_o the_o east_n in_o the_o street_n which_o be_v next_o the_o east_n gate_n of_o the_o palace_n 2._o the_o second_o temple_n be_v call_v chim_z hoam_v miao_o or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o spirit_n that_o guard_v the_o wall_n i_o have_v place_v it_o according_a to_o our_o author_n within_o side_n and_o near_o to_o the_o wall_n here_o the_o king_n never_o sacrifice_n himself_o but_o only_o the_o mandarin_n a_o a._n the_o six_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o the_o learned_a mandarin_n describe_v by_o our_o author_n in_o chap._n 13._o he_o say_v they_o be_v place_v according_a to_o their_o order_n near_o the_o king_n palace_n upon_o the_o east_n side_n so_o many_o spacious_a square_a edifice_n which_o have_v every_o one_o three_o division_n of_o apartment_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v very_o near_o represent_v they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n place_v the_o first_o near_o the_o inner_a apartment_n of_o the_o palace_n where_o the_o emperor_n himself_o reside_v the_o first_o li_z pu_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o all_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o empire_n four_o inferior_a tribunal_n belong_v to_o this_o which_o assemble_v together_o in_o the_o same_o palace_n in_o two_o row_v of_o apartment_n that_o be_v to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n the_o middlemost_a be_v appoint_v for_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n and_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o other_o five_o where_o the_o middlemost_a be_v still_o the_o supreme_a and_o the_o inferior_a on_o each_o side_n a_o a_o 2._o the_o second_o hu_o pu_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o the_o exchequer_n with_o fourteen_o inferior_a tribunal_n one_o for_o every_o one_o of_o the_o province_n of_o china_n that_o of_o pe_n kim_v have_v no_o particular_a tribunal_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o dignity_n of_o that_o province_n where_o the_o court_n reside_v a_o a_o 3._o the_o three_o tribunal_n li_n pu_o that_o have_v the_o order_n of_o ceremony_n science_n art_n etc._n etc._n with_o four_o inferior_a tribunal_n a_o a_o 4._o the_o four_o tribunal_n pim_n pu_o that_o have_v the_o care_n of_o warlike_a arm_n and_o provision_n with_o four_o tribunal_n under_o it_o a_o a_o 5._o the_o five_o tribunal_n he_o pu_fw-fr that_o judge_n without_o appeal_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v in_o the_o empire_n with_o fourteen_o tribunal_n inferior_a to_o it_o a_o a_o 6._o the_o six_o tribunal_n which_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o the_o public_a work_n with_o four_o tribunal_n inferior_a to_o it_o b_o b._n the_o five_o tribunal_n of_o the_o military_a mandarin_n seat_v to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o royal_a palace_n our_o author_n speak_v nothing_o particular_o either_o of_o their_o situation_n or_o fabric_n but_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a they_o be_v all_o build_v like_o the_o former_a the_o first_o which_o we_o may_v suppose_v to_o stand_v most_o to_o the_o north_n heu_fw-la fu_fw-la or_o the_o rearguard_n the_o second_o tso_n fu_o or_o the_o left_a wing_n the_o three_o you_o fu_o or_o the_o right_a wing_n the_o four_o chum_n fu_o or_o the_o main_a battle_n the_o five_o cien_fw-fr fu_fw-fr or_o the_o vanguard_n neither_o do_v f._n magaillans_n speak_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o many_o other_o tribunal_n in_o pe_n kim_v of_o which_o he_o give_v the_o description_n but_o most_o certain_o they_o stand_v in_o those_o place_n where_o he_o say_v in_o general_a that_o there_o be_v palace_n and_o tribunal_n in_o such_o street_n as_o in_o the_o street_n of_o perpetual_a repose_n and_o in_o other_o part_n mark_v down_o in_o the_o plane_n we_o have_v nothing_o to_o observe_v upon_o the_o emperor_n pomp_n when_o he_o stir_v abroad_o out_o of_o his_o palace_n but_o only_o this_o that_o the_o description_n of_o father_n adam_n be_v much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o end_n a_o aridgment_n of_o the_o life_n and_o death_n of_o f._n gabriel_n magaillans_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n missionary_n into_o china_n write_v by_o f._n lewis_n buglio_n his_o inseparable_a companion_n for_o six_o and_o thirty_o year_n and_o send_v from_o pe_n kim_n in_o the_o year_n 1677._o
three_o order_n his_o assistant_n one_o of_o the_o four_o the_o other_o of_o the_o five_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n which_o be_v very_o numerous_a of_o the_o seven_o order_n the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o tribunal_n tai_n poo_o sum_o be_v of_o the_o same_o order_n with_o those_o before_o mention_v their_o business_n it_o be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o horse_n as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n service_n as_o for_o the_o war_n to_o which_o purpose_n they_o send_v their_o agent_n and_o their_o messenger_n to_o buy_v up_o such_o number_n as_o be_v necessary_a which_o they_o send_v afterward_o to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o war_n to_o which_o this_o tribunal_n be_v a_o assistant_n who_o distribute_v they_o to_o the_o commander_n and_o into_o the_o fortress_n of_o the_o frontier_n during_o the_o government_n of_o the_o chinese_n those_o horse_n be_v all_o buy_v up_o in_o the_o several_a province_n but_o now_o the_o western_a tarter_n bring_v they_o to_o the_o court_n and_o the_o emperor_n buy_v every_o year_n seventy_o thousand_o beside_o what_o the_o great_a lord_n the_o commander_n the_o soldier_n the_o learned_a mandarin_n and_o the_o people_n buy_v which_o amount_v to_o double_a or_o treble_v the_o number_n by_o which_o a_o man_n may_v judge_v of_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o horse_n at_o the_o court_n which_o i_o dare_v not_o presume_v to_o mention_v for_o fear_v it_o shall_v be_v think_v incredible_a kin_n tien_n kien_n be_v the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mathematics_n the_o precedent_n of_o which_o be_v of_o the_o five_o order_n his_o two_o assessor_n of_o the_o six_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o seven_o and_o eight_o they_o apply_v themselves_o to_o astronomy_n and_o it_o be_v their_o business_n to_o give_v the_o king_n notice_n of_o the_o time_n and_o day_n of_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o whether_o total_a or_o in_o part_n of_o which_o the_o emperor_n send_v word_n to_o all_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o province_n by_o the_o grand_a tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v prepare_v themselves_o for_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n which_o consist_v in_o their_o beat_n of_o drum_n during_o the_o eclipse_n the_o mandarin_n kneel_v all_o the_o while_n and_o fix_v their_o eye_n upon_o the_o sky_n with_o a_o most_o awful_a reverence_n this_o tribunal_n also_o compose_v the_o calendar_n which_o be_v print_v every_o year_n and_o distribute_v over_o all_o the_o empire_n neither_o be_v it_o lawful_a to_o make_v any_o other_o which_o be_v a_o thing_n forbid_v under_o the_o for_o feiture_n of_o life_n the_o tribunal_n call_v tai_n y_fw-fr yuen_v or_o the_o tribunal_n of_o physic_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o king_n queen_n and_o prince_n physician_n they_o also_o take_v care_n of_o all_o other_o who_o the_o king_n out_o of_o his_o especial_a grace_n and_o favour_n order_v they_o to_o visit_v and_o prepare_v the_o medicine_n themselves_o the_o mandarin_n of_o this_o be_v of_o the_o same_o order_n as_o be_v those_o of_o the_o precede_a tribunal_n and_o both_o belong_v to_o the_o grand_a tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n the_o tribunal_n humh_o lu._n su_n supply_v the_o office_n of_o groom_n porter_n and_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n which_o be_v observe_v when_o the_o king_n give_v audience_n or_o when_o he_o come_v into_o the_o royal_a hall_n to_o receive_v the_o homage_n of_o the_o grandee_n and_o mandarin_n this_o tribunal_n be_v a_o assistant_n to_o that_o of_o the_o ceremony_n the_o precedent_n be_v of_o the_o four_o order_n the_o assessor_n of_o the_o five_o and_o six_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o seven_o and_o eight_o the_o tribunal_n call_v xam_n len_v yuen_v takeâ—…_n care_n of_o the_o garden_n orchard_n and_o park_n as_o also_o of_o the_o breed_n of_o the_o cattle_n sheep_n pig_n wild_a duck_n fowl_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o creature_n which_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o royal_a sacrifice_n feast_n and_o royal_a inns._n it_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n and_o the_o mandarin_n be_v of_o the_o same_o order_n with_o those_o of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mathematics_n and_o physic_n the_o tribunal_n xam_n pao_o sum_o lodge_v in_o the_o palace_n royal._n it_o take_v care_n of_o the_o emperor_n seal_n which_o be_v make_v of_o a_o most_o excellent_a and_o precious_a stone_n as_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o two_o syllable_n xam_n pao_o denote_v it_o be_v square_a and_o almost_o a_o hand_n breadth_n in_o diameter_n when_o any_o tribunal_n have_v a_o occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o this_o tribunal_n be_v oblige_v to_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o king_n and_o after_o it_o have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o and_o be_v lock_v up_o again_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o give_v the_o king_n notice_n of_o that_o too_o they_o be_v entrust_v to_o have_v ready_a at_o all_o time_n the_o seal_n of_o all_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o court_n and_o empire_n and_o to_o order_v what_o letter_n and_o mark_n be_v to_o be_v grave_v upon_o they_o when_o the_o king_n conâ—…ers_v any_o new_a title_n or_o any_o employment_n upon_o any_o person_n or_o when_o upon_o some_o reason_n of_o state_n he_o be_v please_v to_o change_v the_o seal_n when_o the_o grand_a tribunal_n of_o mandarin_n have_v any_o occasion_n to_o confer_v command_n and_o give_v dispatch_n to_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o court_n or_o province_n they_o send_v for_o they_o to_o this_o tribunal_n after_o they_o have_v obtain_v leave_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o precedent_n of_o this_o court_n have_v but_o one_o assessor_n but_o they_o be_v both_o doctor_n and_o of_o the_o five_o order_n the_o rest_n be_v of_o the_o number_n of_o those_o that_o have_v be_v make_v mandarin_n out_o of_o favour_n and_o be_v only_o of_o the_o seven_o or_o eight_o order_n the_o tribunal_n call_v kin_n y_o guei_fw-la or_o of_o the_o royal_a guard_n be_v compose_v of_o several_a hundred_o of_o military_a mandarin_n divide_v into_o four_o classe_n they_o of_o the_o first_o classis_fw-la be_v of_o the_o second_o order_n of_o mandarin_n those_o of_o the_o second_o of_o the_o three_o they_o of_o the_o three_o be_v of_o the_o four_o and_o those_o of_o the_o four_o classis_fw-la be_v of_o the_o five_o order_n their_o employment_n be_v to_o guard_v the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n when_o he_o go_v out_o of_o his_o palace_n or_o give_v audience_n to_o the_o grandee_n and_o mandarin_n and_o upon_o this_o tribunal_n it_o be_v that_o he_o rely_v for_o the_o apprehend_n and_o arrest_v of_o person_n considerable_a for_o their_o birth_n or_o dignity_n they_o be_v general_o the_o son_n of_o great_a mandarin_n brother_n or_o otherwise_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o queen_n or_o son_n or_o nephew_n of_o the_o king_n son_n or_o son_n or_o nephew_n of_o the_o mandarin_n who_o have_v perform_v great_a service_n in_o consideration_n of_o which_o the_o king_n bestow_v that_o favour_n upon_o they_o they_o be_v never_o advance_v to_o other_o tribunal_n like_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n who_o change_v continual_o from_o one_o tribunal_n to_o another_o however_o they_o be_v prefer_v in_o their_o own_o tribunal_n and_o frequent_o to_o the_o dignity_n of_o xam_n xu_o which_o be_v the_o title_n of_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n and_o many_o time_n to_o the_o dignity_n of_o colao_n or_o counsellor_n of_o state._n they_o be_v great_o fear_v and_o respect_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o employment_n and_o their_o nobility_n and_o for_o that_o they_o be_v always_o near_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king._n and_o though_o they_o be_v military_a mandarin_n they_o be_v exempt_a from_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o pim_n pu_fw-fr or_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o arm_n as_o be_v only_a subject_n to_o the_o king_n to_o this_o tribunal_n belong_v two_o inferior_a tribunal_n that_o abide_v in_o particular_a place_n the_o first_o be_v call_v nan_n chin_n or_o the_o watch_n tower_n of_o the_o south_n the_o second_o pe_n chin_n or_o watch_v tower_n of_o the_o north._n the_o precedent_n of_o these_o two_o tribunal_n be_v of_o the_o five_o order_n and_o the_o inferior_a mandarin_n which_o be_v very_o numerous_a be_v all_o of_o the_o seven_o order_n the_o employment_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o tribunal_n be_v to_o attend_v those_o who_o be_v send_v to_o apprehend_v any_o great_a lord_n and_o of_o the_o second_o to_o receive_v and_o guard_v the_o prisoner_n while_o in_o custody_n till_o they_o be_v release_v by_o the_o king_n order_n or_o deliver_v over_o to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n the_o two_o tribunal_n call_v xui_o que_fw-la su_fw-es be_v proper_o director_n of_o the_o audit_n of_o the_o toll_v which_o all_o thing_n pay_v that_o be_v bring_v to_o pekim_v and_o sell_v
have_v they_o any_o right_n of_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n though_o they_o shall_v have_v several_a heir_n male_n which_o custom_n be_v also_o observe_v among_o the_o people_n for_o in_o china_n to_o marry_v a_o daughter_n be_v to_o exclude_v she_o for_o ever_o from_o her_o father_n family_n and_o graft_v she_o into_o the_o family_n of_o her_o husband_n who_o sir_n name_v she_o assume_v at_o the_o same_o time_n instead_o of_o her_o own_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o chinese_n when_o they_o will_v say_v that_o a_o maid_n be_v ally_v to_o the_o family_n of_o her_o husband_n never_o make_v use_v of_o the_o word_n kin_n to_o go_v but_o of_o the_o word_n quei_z to_o return_v asmuch_o as_n to_o say_v she_o be_v not_o go_v but_o be_v return_v to_o her_o family_n thus_o they_o explain_v themselves_o also_o when_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o dead_a for_o they_o do_v not_o say_v such_o a_o one_o be_v dead_a but_o such_o a_o one_o be_v return_v to_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n when_o a_o grandfather_n speak_v of_o the_o child_n of_o his_o son_n he_o call_v they_o bare_o sun_n su_n my_o grand_a child_n but_o when_o he_o speak_v of_o his_o daughter_n child_n he_o call_v they_o vai_n sun_n su_n my_o grand_a child_n without_o for_o they_o look_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v of_o the_o son_n in_o law_n family_n the_o second_o sort_n of_o the_o king_n kindred_n by_o the_o female_a side_n be_v the_o father_n brother_n uncle_n and_o other_o kindred_n of_o the_o queen_n the_o king_n son_n in_o law_n their_o father_n brother_n uncle_n and_o other_o kindred_n out_o of_o these_o two_o sort_n the_o king_n make_v choice_n of_o some_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a to_o compose_v this_o tribunal_n and_o to_o act_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n they_o differ_v only_o in_o this_o that_o the_o latter_a be_v of_o none_o of_o the_o nine_o order_n the_o former_a be_v mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o order_n though_o they_o esteem_v much_o more_o honourable_a the_o title_n of_o hoam_n cin_n and_o furio_n ma_n or_o the_o king_n kindred_n than_o that_o of_o mandarin_n though_o of_o the_o first_o order_n but_o this_o second_o sort_n of_o kindred_n be_v also_o extirpate_v by_o the_o tartar_n with_o the_o precede_a family_n thus_o far_o concern_v the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n and_o of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o court._n we_o be_v now_o to_o give_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o province_n note_n upon_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n he_o cause_v a_o choice_n to_o be_v make_v at_o pe_n kim_n of_o several_a young_a gentleman_n etc._n etc._n here_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o in_o this_o place_n the_o author_n only_o 221._o speak_v of_o what_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n for_o the_o tartar_a emperor_n have_v alter_v this_o custom_n and_o never_o marry_v their_o daughter_n but_o to_o king_n prince_n or_o great_a lord_n as_o our_o author_n himself_o acknowledge_v a_o little_a low_o chap._n xv._n to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o fifteen_o province_n there_o belong_v a_o supreme_a tribunal_n which_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o precedent_n bear_v the_o title_n of_o tu_fw-la tam_fw-la kiun_n muen_n tu_fw-la yuen_v siun_z furio_n with_o several_a other_o name_n which_o all_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o governor_n of_o a_o province_n or_o viceroy_n with_o we_o these_o precedent_n be_v of_o the_o first_o second_o or_o three_o order_n according_a as_o the_o king_n be_v please_v to_o regulate_v they_o when_o he_o send_v they_o into_o the_o province_n they_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o whole_a government_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o in_o war_n and_o with_o the_o command_n of_o the_o people_n and_o soldier_n as_o well_o in_o civil_a as_o criminal_a matter_n they_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o all_o matter_n of_o importance_n on_o the_o other_o side_n all_o the_o king_n order_n and_o dispatch_n with_o those_o of_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n be_v direct_v to_o this_o tribunal_n and_o all_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o province_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v to_o this_o tribunal_n in_o all_o affair_n of_o moment_n there_o be_v other_o viceroy_n that_o govern_v two_o three_o or_o four_o province_n and_o be_v call_v tsum_n to_o as_o leam_fw-la quam_fw-la tsum_fw-la to_o or_o viceroy_n of_o the_o province_n of_o quam_fw-la tum_o and_o quam_fw-la si._n quam_fw-la tum_o signify_v the_o province_n extend_v towards_o the_o east_n and_o quam_fw-la si_fw-la the_o province_n extend_v towards_o the_o west_n there_o be_v other_o such_o like_a viceroy_n in_o china_n as_o in_o the_o province_n border_v upon_o tartary_n and_o other_o place_n of_o importance_n and_o beside_o the_o viceroy_n there_o be_v in_o every_o province_n a_o visitor_n call_v ngan_n tai_n or_o ngan_n yuen_v of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v former_o last_o there_o be_v a_o three_o considerable_a officer_n call_v tsum_fw-la pim_fw-la who_o command_v all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o province_n and_o be_v of_o the_o first_o order_n of_o mandarin_n these_o three_o supreme_a precedent_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o province_n have_v under_o they_o several_a inferior_a mandarin_n who_o assist_v they_o in_o the_o dispatch_n of_o business_n and_o though_o these_o three_o tribunal_n general_a have_v their_o palace_n in_o the_o capital_a city_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v not_o always_o resident_a there_o but_o keep_v their_o circuit_n from_o place_n to_o place_n as_o business_n require_v but_o for_o the_o particular_a tribunal_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n they_o be_v these_o that_o follow_v every_o capital_a city_n have_v two_o tribunal_n in_o which_o proper_o consist_v the_o whole_a government_n of_o the_o province_n the_o one_o for_o civil_a the_o other_o for_o criminal_a affair_n the_o first_o be_v call_v pu_fw-fr chim_z sum_o the_o precedent_n of_o which_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o second_o order_n the_o palace_n belong_v to_o this_o tribunal_n like_o those_o at_o the_o court_n contain_v on_o both_o side_n two_o other_o tribunal_n which_o be_v not_o inferior_a but_o assistant_n to_o the_o first_o tribunal_n that_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a and_o be_v call_v tsan_n chim_z have_v two_o precedent_n both_o of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o three_o order_n the_o other_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v call_v tsan_n y_o the_o precedent_n of_o which_o be_v both_o equal_a and_o of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o four_o order_n to_o all_o these_o three_o tribunal_n belong_v a_o great_a number_n of_o inferior_a mandarin_n call_v xeu_n lie_v quen_o who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o decide_v all_o civil_a matter_n and_o to_o pay_v and_o receive_v all_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o province_n the_o criminal_a tribunal_n be_v call_v nghan_n i_o sum_o and_o the_o precedent_n who_o be_v of_o the_o three_o order_n have_v no_o assessor_n but_o two_o class_n of_o mandarin_n under_o he_o those_o of_o the_o first_o classis_fw-la who_o be_v call_v to_o sum_o be_v of_o the_o four_o order_n they_o of_o the_o second_o classis_fw-la who_o be_v call_v cien_n sum_o be_v of_o the_o five_o order_n and_o the_o mandarin_n of_o these_o two_o class_n be_v call_v tao_n li_n or_o tao_n tusâ—…_n these_o tao_n li_n be_v the_o visiter_n of_o all_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o province_n in_o which_o they_o have_v their_o tribunal_n some_o of_o they_o take_v care_n of_o the_o post_n horse_n the_o royal_a inn_n and_o the_o king_n bark_n so_o far_o as_o their_o jurisdiction_n reach_v and_o be_v call_v you_o chuen_fw-ge tao_fw-mi other_o that_o be_v call_v pim_n pi_fw-la tao_fw-la be_v entrust_v to_o inspect_v the_o several_a troop_n and_o company_n of_o the_o province_n other_o to_o drain_v the_o land_n and_o level_v the_o highway_n who_o be_v call_v tun_n tien_n tao_o this_o tribunal_n have_v power_n to_o punish_v criminal_n by_o banishment_n as_o also_o by_o confiscation_n of_o good_n and_o loâ—…s_n of_o life_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o visitor_n in_o the_o province_n it_o have_v a_o eye_n over_o all_o the_o other_o mandarin_n and_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o king_n of_o what_o pass_v in_o the_o province_n when_o business_n require_v their_o information_n in_o a_o word_n these_o two_o tribunal_n do_v the_o office_n of_o the_o six_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o the_o court_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v their_o substitute_n every_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o district_n and_o to_o every_o district_n belong_v a_o mandarin_n call_v tao_n â—…i_fw-la who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o visitor_n or_o inspeâ—…er_n into_o the_o manner_n and_o behaviour_n of_o the_o officer_n within_o his_o