Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	call_v	lie_v	river_n	4,608	4	7.3330	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A32252	The reading of that famous and learned genrleman, Robert Callis ... upon the statute of 23 H.8, Cap. 5, of Sewers, as it was delivered by him at Grays-Inn in August, 1622.	Callis, Robert, fl. 1634.	1647 (1647)	Wing C304; ESTC R23882	167,039	246

a_o sewer_n be_v common_a and_o of_o a_o gutter_n peculiar_a and_o by_o express_a word_n also_o a_o gutter_n be_v within_o these_o law_n &_o ceo_fw-la est_fw-la sic_fw-la mention_n '_o 39_o h._n 6._o 31._o ditch_n a_o ditch_n fossa_n be_v also_o describe_v in_o our_o book_n as_o in_o 12_o h._n 4._o 7._o where_o a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n be_v bring_v against_o the_o mr._n of_o s._n mark_v in_o bristol_n for_o that_o he_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n to_o cleanse_v a_o ditch_n there_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o water_n therein_o be_v stop_v and_o do_v thereby_o surround_v the_o plaintiff_n ground_n so_o that_o hereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o a_o ditch_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o current_n of_o water_n in_o infimo_fw-la gradu_fw-la and_o mr._n cambden_n in_o sva_fw-la lincolniensi_fw-la historia_fw-la do_v there_o describe_v fosdyke_n to_o be_v fossa_n incibis_fw-la cambden_n cambden_n quam_fw-la henricus_fw-la prinus_n per_fw-la septem_fw-la miliaria_fw-la à_fw-la withania_n in_o trentum_n perduxit_fw-la ut_fw-la lincolniensibus_fw-la ad_fw-la subvehenda_fw-la necessaria_fw-la usui_fw-la esset_fw-la this_o ditch_n be_v at_o this_o day_n a_o current_n and_o passage_n for_o boat_n of_o small_a burden_n in_o winter_n but_o in_o summer_n none_o at_o all_o though_o of_o late_a great_a sum_n of_o money_n have_v be_v expend_v thereupon_o sed_fw-la tamen_fw-la ad_fw-la huc_fw-la nihil_fw-la inde_fw-la boni_fw-la venit_fw-la at_o the_o best_a it_o be_v the_o worst_a in_o all_o that_o country_n and_o be_v of_o so_o slow_a a_o current_n ut_fw-la non_fw-la videtur_fw-la currere_fw-la omnino_fw-la it_o serve_v in_o many_o place_n for_o a_o fence_n to_o divide_v lordship_n and_o be_v a_o great_a trough_n to_o swallow_v up_o water_n thereabouts_o which_o otherwise_o will_v lie_v upon_o the_o level_n and_o of_o it_o i_o say_v no_o more_o but_o spero_fw-la meliora_fw-la &_o expecto_fw-la other_o famous_a ditch_n there_o be_v as_o that_o in_o the_o north-east_n part_n of_o the_o city_n of_o york_n which_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n a_o stand_a water_n and_o there_o be_v a_o old_a forlorn_a dike_n on_o the_o fen_n side_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n call_v caredike_n more_o ancient_a than_o profitable_a for_o it_o do_v as_o many_o other_o of_o those_o unusual_a ditch_n do_v run_v cross_a to_o the_o ordinary_a current_n of_o water_n in_o those_o part_n for_o where_o the_o sea_n for_o example_n stand_v east_n from_o the_o main_a land_n and_o so_o the_o ordinary_a current_n run_v all_o from_o west_n to_o east_n direct_o towards_o the_o sea_n this_o run_v north_n and_o south_n obvious_a and_o cross_a to_o the_o natural_a current_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n wherefore_o their_o current_n be_v so_o slow_a small_a or_o none_o at_o all_o there_o be_v another_o of_o they_o on_o newmarket_n heath_n quae_fw-la admiranda_fw-la fossa_n vocat_fw-la '_o the_o devil_n dike_n and_o in_o wiltshire_n there_o be_v a_o ditch_n famous_a call_v wansdike_n or_o mercurii_n fossa_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o division_n of_o country_n and_o so_o be_v fossa_n limitania_n and_o be_v either_o altogether_o dry_a dikes_n and_o contain_v common_o no_o more_o water_n then_o those_o that_o fall_v into_o they_o none_o of_o these_o ditch_n be_v within_o these_o law_n but_o such_o of_o they_o which_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o current_n and_o which_o in_o some_o sort_n partake_v with_o the_o river_n pool_n a_o pool_n be_v a_o mere_a stand_a water_n without_o any_o current_n at_o all_o and_o have_v seldom_o or_o never_o any_o issue_n to_o convey_v away_o the_o water_n but_o a_o ditch_n have_v no_o constant_a stand_n nor_o any_o apparent_a current_n a_o pool_n be_v proper_o the_o inheritance_n of_o some_o private_a but_o a_o fosse_n or_o ditch_n be_v in_o use_n common_a pool_n be_v not_o within_o this_o law_n for_o two_o cause_n the_o one_o because_o both_o in_o property_n and_o use_n they_o be_v private_a and_o peculiar_a the_o other_o be_v because_o these_o law_n seem_v to_o extend_v to_o ground_n casual_o and_o not_o continual_o drown_v &_o ad_fw-la eaquae_fw-la frequentius_fw-la accidunt_fw-la jura_n ad_fw-la aptantur_fw-la yet_o all_o pool_n be_v not_o exclude_v from_o the_o help_n of_o these_o law_n for_o such_o as_o adjoyn_v to_o great_a river_n and_o lie_v upon_o the_o side_n thereof_o without_o division_n they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n part_n of_o the_o river_n and_o of_o their_o kind_n be_v the_o two_o famous_a pool_n call_v brayford_n and_o swanpool_n both_o near_a unto_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n pond_n a_o pond_n be_v a_o stand_a ditch_n cast_v by_o labour_n of_o man_n hand_n in_o his_o private_a ground_n for_o his_o private_a use_n to_o serve_v his_o house_n and_o household_n with_o necessary_a water_n but_o a_o pool_n be_v a_o low_a plat_n of_o ground_n by_o nature_n and_o be_v not_o cast_v by_o man_n hand_n i_o find_v a_o pond_n within_o my_o law_n i_o read_v on_o in_o expressis_fw-la terminis_fw-la not_o as_o a_o thing_n defend_v thereby_o but_o as_o a_o let_v and_o impediment_n and_o have_v i_o not_o find_v he_o therein_o name_v i_o shall_v not_o by_o any_o exposition_n have_v here_o bring_v it_o in_o among_o the_o water_n instrument_n for_o i_o much_o marvel_v what_o impediment_n a_o pond_n can_v be_v at_o all_o unless_o by_o cast_v of_o trench_n from_o the_o river_n to_o the_o same_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o take_v thereinto_o some_o of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n and_o may_v thereby_o hinder_v navigation_n but_o this_o be_v far_o fetch_v stream_n stream_n be_v not_o any_o of_o these_o for_o all_o these_o have_v their_o proper_a peculiar_a bank_n bound_n and_o channel_n and_o be_v put_v in_o among_o they_o but_o a_o stream_n be_v proper_o a_o current_n of_o water_n run_v over_o the_o level_n at_o random_n and_o be_v not_o keep_v in_o with_o bank_n or_o wall_n and_o so_o linwood_n say_v that_o flumen_n which_o be_v a_o stream_n nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la ipsa_fw-la aqua_fw-la conduit_n a_o conduit_n or_o aught_o thereto_o belong_v be_v not_o within_o these_o law_n in_o any_o sort_n whether_o it_o pertain_v to_o a_o private_a person_n or_o to_o a_o town_n or_o corporation_n spring_n spring_v i_o find_v within_o this_o statute_n but_o couple_v with_o such_o a_o word_n that_o they_o thereby_o seem_v to_o be_v exclude_v and_o exile_v quite_o from_o claim_v any_o privilege_n of_o defence_n by_o these_o law_n for_o the_o word_n outrageous_a be_v join_v therewith_o do_v signify_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o law_n to_o take_v they_o to_o be_v hurtful_a and_o not_o helpful_a but_o all_o this_o come_v of_o the_o word_n outrageous_a which_o be_v but_o a_o quality_n annex_v upon_o accident_n may_v upon_o just_a occasion_n be_v take_v away_o and_o the_o word_n spring_v of_o itself_o be_v both_o in_o appellation_n and_o operation_n very_o beneficial_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o i_o may_v just_o term_v they_o the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o many_o the_o great_a and_o royal_a river_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o of_o thames_n trent_n and_o such_o like_a and_o therefore_o i_o be_o willing_a to_o let_v such_o of_o they_o as_o be_v not_o outrageous_a and_o hurtful_a to_o take_v up_o a_o place_n of_o defence_n within_o these_o law_n for_o the_o trent_n at_o the_o head_n be_v derive_v from_o spring_n as_o many_o other_o river_n be_v and_o i_o give_v both_o the_o essence_n and_o assistance_n to_o they_o and_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o be_v worthy_a the_o protection_n of_o these_o law_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o water_n issue_v and_o gush_v from_o the_o outrageous_a spring_n may_v by_o the_o provident_a &_o discreet_a care_n of_o the_o commissioner_n be_v so_o order_v as_o the_o same_o may_v be_v apply_v &_o employ_v to_o necessary_a use_n so_o now_o i_o have_v run_v through_o like_o a_o swift_a stream_n the_o quality_n of_o these_o river_n gutter_n sewer_n and_o ditch_n and_o of_o all_o their_o dependency_n and_o wherein_o they_o be_v to_o have_v aid_n and_o assistance_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v in_o truth_n the_o very_a material_n of_o these_o law_n yet_o for_o a_o little_a better_a explanation_n of_o their_o several_a nature_n and_o kind_n i_o shall_v therefore_o put_v these_o case_n first_o if_o the_o town_n of_o a._n want_v water_n by_o the_o dryness_n of_o the_o season_n for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o cattle_n or_o for_o other_o household_n affair_n as_o for_o brew_v wash_v and_o such_o like_a and_o in_o the_o town_n of_o b._n which_o do_v adjoyn_v thereto_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o water_n more_o perhaps_o then_o be_v necessary_a for_o use_v there_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v no_o power_n by_o any_o of_o these_o law_n for_o any_o of_o the_o say_a

high_a way_n or_o stream_n as_o to_o erect_v bridge_n or_o other_o engine_n thereon_o without_o lawful_a warrant_n bridge_n in_o highway_n where_o there_o be_v no_o stream_n under_o but_o only_o some_o petty_a land_n stream_n at_o rain_n and_o wet_a season_n these_o be_v dry_a bridge_n and_o be_v not_o within_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v within_o the_o statute_n of_o 22_o h._n 8._o if_o they_o stand_v on_o highway_n in_o 14_o jacobi_n regis_n it_o be_v find_v by_o inquisition_n take_v at_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n in_o the_o guild-hall_n there_o jac._n 14_o jac._n before_o sir_n thomas_n grantham_n knight_n and_o myself_o and_o other_o commissioner_n of_o the_o sewer_n that_o the_o great_a bridge_n at_o bracebridge_n near_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n and_o stand_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o wytham_n thirty_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n be_v fall_v into_o great_a decay_n whereby_o cart_n carriage_n &_o man_n on_o horseback_n can_v not_o pass_v over_o the_o same_o as_o in_o time_n past_a have_v be_v use_v in_o defect_n of_o hen._n sapcots_n esq_n who_o ought_v to_o repair_v a_o part_n thereof_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o manor_n of_o bracebridge_n and_o of_o bartholomew_n gregge_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o house_n stand_v at_o the_o bridge_n foot_n call_v the_o hermitage_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o river_n aught_o to_o repair_v another_o part_n and_o of_o the_o corporation_n of_o lincoln_n who_o be_v to_o repair_v a_o part_n thereof_o and_o of_o the_o country_n of_o moreland_n who_o use_v to_o repair_v another_o part_n and_o the_o same_o be_v decree_v according_o but_o mr._n sapcot_n without_o cause_n find_v himself_o grieve_v thereat_o prefer_v his_o bill_n into_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n against_o sir_n thomas_n grantham_n and_o other_o to_o be_v relieve_v therein_o and_o do_v allege_v that_o the_o same_o stand_v far_o from_o the_o sea_n pretend_v thereby_o that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v no_o power_n to_o deal_v with_o the_o same_o but_o at_o the_o hear_n of_o the_o cause_n in_o anno_fw-la 16._o jac._n he_o be_v overrule_v in_o that_o and_o all_o other_o part_n of_o this_o suit_n a_o calcey_n a_o calcey_n or_o calsway_n be_v a_o passage_n make_v by_o art_n of_o earth_n gravel_n stone_n and_o such_o like_a on_z or_o over_o some_o high_a or_o common_a way_n lead_v through_o surround_v ground_n for_o the_o safe_a passage_n of_o the_o king_n liege_n people_n and_o these_o calceys_n have_v always_o be_v express_v in_o the_o ancient_a commission_n of_o the_o sewer_n in_o the_o register_n fitz._n nat_n breed_v and_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o 6_o h._n 6._o cap_n 5._o but_o not_o any_o calceys_n be_v in_o these_o law_n but_o 6._o register_n f._n h._n n._n b._n 6._o h._n 6._o such_o as_o be_v over_o surround_v and_o low_a ground_n as_o that_o of_o barston_n bank_n southy_n bank_n and_o such_o like_a but_o touch_v calceys_n lie_v in_o town_n and_o village_n which_o be_v in_o the_o high_a uplandish_a country_n this_o law_n do_v not_o in_o any_o sort_n extend_v unto_o they_o but_o all_o calceys_n lead_v over_o the_o say_a bridge_n and_o near_o unto_o they_o be_v provide_v for_o by_o this_o law_n yet_o no_o private_a calceys_n be_v to_o be_v deal_v withal_o by_o the_o say_a commissioner_n goat_n goat_n be_v usual_a engine_n erect_v and_o build_v with_o perculless_n and_o door_n of_o timber_n stone_n or_o brick_n invent_v first_o in_o low_a germany_n and_o after_o bring_v into_o england_n and_o use_v here_o by_o imitation_n and_o experience_n have_v give_v so_o great_a approbation_n of_o they_o as_o they_o be_v now_o and_o that_o with_o good_a reason_n and_o cause_n induce_v the_o same_o account_v the_o most_o useful_a instrument_n for_o drain_n the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o land_n into_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v a_o twofold_a use_n make_v of_o they_o the_o one_o when_o fresh_a water_n flow_v and_o descend_v upon_o the_o low_a ground_n where_o these_o engine_n be_v always_o place_v and_o whereto_o all_o the_o channel_n where_o they_o stand_v have_v their_o current_n and_o drain_v direct_v the_o same_o be_v let_v out_o by_o these_o into_o some_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o if_o at_o some_o great_a flood_n the_o sea_n break_v into_o the_o land_n the_o salt_n water_n usual_o have_v their_o return_n through_o these_o back_n to_o the_o sea_n many_o of_o these_o goat_n which_o be_v place_v on_o highway_n serve_v also_o for_o bridge_n this_o goat_n be_v no_o such_o imaginary_a engine_n as_o the_o mill_n be_v which_o some_o rare_a wise_a man_n of_o late_a have_v invent_v but_o this_o invention_n be_v warrant_v by_o experience_n the_o other_o be_v reject_v as_o altogether_o chargeable_a and_o illusory_a yet_o these_o engine_n seem_v to_o i_o not_o to_o be_v very_o ancient_a here_o in_o this_o kingdom_n for_o that_o i_o do_v not_o find_v they_o mention_v in_o any_o of_o the_o ancient_a commission_n grant_v before_o this_o statute_n do_v express_v the_o same_o and_o sure_o this_o statute_n be_v so_o curious_a in_o the_o special_a repetition_n of_o such_o defence_n in_o specie_fw-la as_o it_o intend_v to_o defend_v and_o maintain_v that_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n it_o can_v scarce_o be_v draw_v to_o extend_v to_o any_o other_o and_o therefore_o i_o do_v agree_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n that_o a_o artificial_a mill_n and_o such_o like_a new_a invent_v engine_n be_v not_o to_o be_v erect_v by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n but_o be_v once_o erect_v and_o prove_v by_o experience_n to_o be_v beneficial_a to_o the_o public_a state_n they_o may_v be_v continue_v and_o maintain_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o this_o statute_n new_a defence_n hitherto_o i_o have_v proceed_v only_o in_o the_o handle_n and_o discourse_v of_o the_o old_a and_o ancient_a defence_n which_o be_v helpful_a both_o to_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o therefore_o i_o be_o now_o desirous_a to_o enter_v into_o the_o argument_n of_o new_a defence_n be_v a_o matter_n very_o fit_a and_o apt_a to_o be_v dispute_v on_o and_o to_o give_v some_o warrant_n to_o my_o argument_n therein_o i_o have_v so_o compose_v my_o case_n as_o both_o old_a and_o new_a be_v therein_o contain_v wherein_o the_o point_n will_v be_v short_o this_o whether_o the_o new_a river_n and_o new_a bank_n mention_v in_o my_o case_n can_v be_v order_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o these_o law_n and_o those_o which_o will_v take_v a_o part_n to_o argue_v on_o the_o contrary_a may_v allege_v much_o matter_n and_o many_o reason_n to_o make_v good_a their_o argument_n first_o out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n itself_o for_o thereby_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o statute_n can_v bear_v no_o such_o exposition_n by_o reason_n the_o word_n thereof_o literal_o take_v seem_v to_o extend_v only_o to_o the_o old_a and_o ancient_a defence_n and_o not_o to_o the_o erect_n of_o new_a and_o the_o word_n thereof_o in_o this_o point_n be_v these_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o wall_n bank_n ditch_n etc._n etc._n by_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o the_o fresh_a water_n descend_v be_v so_o lacerate_v dirupt_v and_o break_a the_o commission_n therefore_o do_v authorise_v the_o earl_n of_o lincoln_n rutland_z and_z exeter_z robert_z lord_z willoughby_z of_o grimsthrop_n sir_n william_n welby_n sir_n thomas_n grantham_n and_o sir_n john_n hatcher_n knight_n whereof_z three_z to_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la to_o survey_v and_o amend_v the_o say_v wall_n and_o bank_n ditch_n etc._n etc._n in_o all_o place_n necessary_a and_o the_o same_o as_o oft_o as_o need_v shall_v be_v to_o make_v new_a upon_o these_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n do_v those_o which_o argue_v against_o the_o new_a defence_n infer_v that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v not_o any_o power_n to_o cause_v new_a bank_n new_a wall_n or_o other_o defence_n to_o be_v erect_v and_o so_o take_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o word_n nova_fw-la construere_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr novo_fw-la construere_fw-la the_o first_o extend_v to_o erect_v new_a one_o where_o none_o be_v before_o and_o the_o other_o purport_v the_o erect_n of_o a_o new_a one_o where_o before_o a_o old_a one_o stand_v and_o the_o word_n which_o enforce_v this_o exposition_n be_v pen_v strong_o to_o that_o purpose_n for_o first_o they_o have_v power_n to_o repair_v and_o amend_v what_o such_o wall_n and_o bank_n as_o be_v before_o and_o the_o same_o to_o build_v new_a which_o word_n the_o same_o literal_o take_v must_v needs_o extend_v to_o such_o old_a fence_n as_o be_v before_o and_o the_o construction_n be_v so_o make_v exclude_v clear_o the_o power_n to_o make_v new_a one_o where_o none_o be_v before_o and_o this_o exposition_n may_v be_v example_v