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full_o illustrate_v these_o vault_n to_o have_v be_v heathen_a and_o not_o those_o subterraneous_a passage_n make_v use_v of_o by_o the_o monk_n which_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o various_a monastery_n this_o may_v be_v see_v in_o a_o cellar_n in_o bridge-street_n belong_v to_o mr._n john_n minshull_n derbyshire_n be_v ancient_o inhabit_a by_o the_o coritani_n who_o these_o be_v as_o well_o as_o the_o cornavii_n be_v uncertain_a the_o air_n in_o the_o peak_n of_o that_o country_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o rains_n and_o wind_n than_o in_o lancashire_n and_o cheshire_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unpleasant_a to_o see_v the_o cloud_n ride_v after_o the_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o by_o dash_v upon_o they_o be_v frequent_o force_v down_o in_o shower_n and_o by_o the_o sudden_a rarefaction_n of_o the_o meteor_n in_o the_o air_n pen_v up_o betwixt_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o cloud_n and_o get_v vent_n in_o the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o hill_n i_o think_v may_v fair_o illustrate_v why_o wind_n be_v in_o those_o part_n so_o frequent_a but_o this_o will_v be_v more_o easy_o conceive_v if_o we_o consider_v those_o artificial_a wind_n which_o be_v make_v by_o a_o aeolipile_n which_o instrument_n it_o be_v give_v i_o the_o first_o hint_n of_o dulcify_a salt-water_n which_o experiment_n i_o show_v to_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n some_o year_n before_o mr._n fitz-gerald_n have_v a_o patent_n for_o do_v it_o who_o communicate_v this_o experiment_n to_o he_o i_o know_v not_o but_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a it_o be_v not_o his_o own_o have_v now_o give_v account_n of_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o the_o air_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o consider_v the_o next_o element_n and_o that_o be_v water_n but_o before_o i_o enter_v upon_o that_o must_v beg_v leave_n to_o add_v two_o remarkable_a observation_n the_o first_o be_v to_o illustrate_v the_o elasticity_n of_o
but_o in_o dry_a wether_n and_o we_o may_v reasonable_o suppose_v there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o boat_n of_o all_o fort_n belong_v to_o so_o large_a a_o fort_n and_o city_n the_o anchor-hill_n so_o call_v be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o little_a dock_n or_o hithe_n for_o the_o building_n or_o repair_v they_o and_o that_o the_o anchor_n ring_n and_o nail_n there_o find_v be_v only_o for_o then_o use_v and_o not_o for_o ship_n they_o be_v far_o too_o little_a either_o for_o ship_n of_o burden_n or_o war._n we_o can_v right_o make_v out_o what_o legion_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v plant_v here_o by_o any_o of_o the_o noble_a ruin_n we_o disclose_v however_o by_o what_o have_v be_v discover_v both_o the_o antiquity_n and_o grandeur_n of_o the_o place_n will_v be_v clear_o represent_v and_o our_o modern_a observation_n be_v no_o small_a supplement_n to_o the_o more_o ancient_a one_o where_o mr._n cambden_n and_o other_o have_v save_v i_o the_o trouble_v i_o shall_v fair_o name_v they_o in_o order_n and_o in_o conclusion_n add_v my_o own_o the_o first_o inscription_n mr._n cambden_n take_v notice_n of_o be_v at_o salisbury-hall_n on_o the_o pedestal_n of_o a_o pillar_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v deo_fw-la marti_fw-la et_fw-la victoriae_n dd._n augg_n et_fw-fr cc_o nn._n and_o in_o the_o wall_n adjoin_v to_o it_o be_v another_o stone_n with_o the_o portraiture_n of_o cupid_n and_o another_o little_a image_n and_o in_o the_o backside_n of_o it_o be_v this_o inscription_n seoseam_fw-la rolnason_n osalvedn_n al._n q._n q._n sar_n brevenm_fw-la bedianis_fw-la antoni_fw-la we_o meg_n vi_o i_fw-mi domv_fw-la eliter_fw-la these_o mr._n cambden_n suppose_v to_o be_v british_a name_n of_o place_n but_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o that_o can_v be_v make_v out_o but_o rather_o look_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v the_o name_n of_o officer_n in_o a_o wing_n of_o the_o sarmatian_n al._n q._n q._n sar_n denote_v the_o ala_fw-la sarmatum_fw-la or_o a_o wing_n of_o the_o sarmatians_n of_o which_o tacitus_n give_v a_o full_a account_n osalvedn_n may_v probable_o signify_v oswald_n town_n the_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o osbaldstones_n still_o reside_v there_o so_o that_o these_o name_n may_v not_o only_o be_v british_n but_o likewise_o roman_n and_o sarmatian_a his_o next_o account_n be_v of_o a_o fair_a altar_n with_o this_o inscription_n this_o matribus_n m._n ingenvi_n we_o a'siaticvs_n *_o dec_n al._n ast_n ss_z ll._n m._n the_o signification_n of_o which_o as_o cambden_n himself_o be_v silent_a so_o i_o refer_v it_o to_o other_o antiquary_n to_o discuss_v however_o upon_o my_o be_v last_o at_o oxford_n i_o receive_v there_o the_o satisfaction_n to_o find_v that_o juno_n and_o diana_n be_v constant_o call_v by_o the_o roman_n deae_fw-la matres_fw-la and_o the_o further_a explication_n of_o this_o altar_n be_v that_o ingenuis_fw-la a_o asiatic_n one_o of_o the_o decuriones_fw-la of_o the_o asturian_n wing_n dedicate_v this_o altar_n to_o the_o mother_n goddess_n juno_n and_o diana_n another_o little_a altar_n he_o see_v cast_v out_o among_o the_o rubbish_n with_o this_o inscription_n pacife_n ro_n marti_fw-la elegaur_fw-la basilius_n posv_v it_o exit_fw-la vo_o to_o this_o altar_n from_o its_o smallness_n mr._n cambden_n take_v to_o have_v be_v some_o poor_a man_n altar_n to_o carry_v about_o with_o he_o and_o to_o have_v be_v for_o offer_v incense_n salt_n and_o flower_n but_o to_o i_o this_o interpretation_n seem_v more_o reasonable_a from_o the_o very_a word_n themselves_o at_o length_n that_o elegaurba_n doubtless_o a_o commander_n there_o dedicate_v this_o altar_n to_o mars_n after_o some_o signal_n overthrow_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o thence_o peace_n ensue_v he_o style_v he_o pacifero_fw-la but_o who_o this_o elegaurba_n be_v or_o what_o country_n man_n i_o pretend_v not_o to_o determine_v he_o speak_v also_o of_o another_o stone_n dig_v up_o with_o the_o portraiture_n of_o a_o naked_a man_n on_o horseback_n without_o bridle_n or_o saddle_n brandish_v his_o spear_n with_o both_o hand_n and_o insult_v over_o a_o naked_a man_n prostrate_v who_o hold_v out_o before_o he_o a_o kind_n of_o square_a piece_n between_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o person_n prostrate_v stand_v the_o letter_n d._n m._n under_o the_o prostrate_a man_n be_v gal._n sarmata_n there_o be_v other_o letter_n too_o deface_v to_o guess_v at_o one_o will_v imagine_v say_v he_o both_o from_o the_o former_a inscription_n and_o this_o that_o be_v find_v many_o year_n ago_o that_o a_o wing_n of_o the_o sarmatae_n have_v their_o station_n here_o his_o terris_fw-la tegitur_fw-la ael_n matrona_fw-la qv_fw-la vix_fw-la an._n xxviii_o m_o ii_o d_o viii_o et_fw-la m._n julius_n maximus_n fil._n vix_fw-la a_fw-la vi._n m_o iii_o d_o xx._n et_fw-fr cam_n pania_fw-la dubba_n mater_fw-la vix_fw-la an._n l._n julius_n maximus_n alae_n sar_n coniux_n coniugi_n incomparabili_fw-la et_fw-la filio_fw-la patri_fw-la pientis_fw-la simo_n et_fw-la socerae_fw-la tena_n cissimae_fw-la memoriae_fw-la p._n this_o inscription_n as_o i_o take_v it_o may_v be_v thus_o translate_v aael_n a_o matron_n who_o live_v 28_o year_n two_o month_n and_o eight_o day_n in_o this_o earth_n lie_v entomb_v and_o marcus_n julius_n maximus_n her_o son_n who_o live_v six_o year_n three_o month_n and_o twenty_o day_n and_o campania_n dubba_o her_o mother_n who_o live_v fifty_o year_n julius_n maximus_n and_o alae_n a_o sarmatian_a wife_n to_o her_o incomparable_a husband_n erect_v this_o to_o perpetuate_v the_o memory_n of_o simo_n the_o son_n of_o a_o pious_a father_n and_o his_o father_n in_o law_n now_o the_o word_n asiaticus_n in_o the_o inscription_n beginning_n with_o this_o matribus_fw-la and_o in_o that_o precede_a it_o beginning_n with_o seoseam_n and_o in_o this_o last_o of_o all_o that_o word_n sar_n be_v repeat_v it_o make_v it_o more_o probable_a to_o i_o that_o sarmatia_n be_v a_o part_n of_o asia_n and_o likewise_o part_v of_o europe_n contain_v poland_n russia_n muscovy_n and_o most_o of_o tartary_n from_o which_o vast_a country_n the_o phoenician_n be_v a_o industrious_a and_o trade_a people_n transplant_v several_a colony_n hither_o and_o on_o the_o portraiture_n of_o the_o naked_a man_n these_o word_n gal._n sarmata_n be_v find_v too_o do_v far_a illustrate_v these_o people_n call_v brigantes_n reside_v here_o to_o be_v for_o a_o great_a part_n asiatic_o of_o which_o mr._n camden_n take_v no_o notice_n thus_o far_o and_o no_o far_a mr._n camden_n proceed_v in_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o note_a station_n but_o as_o to_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o the_o place_n he_o say_v ptolemy_n style_v it_o rigodunum_n and_o that_o be_v corrupt_v from_o ribodunum_n may_v not_o be_v unlike_o ribbochester_n it_o be_v his_o opinion_n likewise_o the_o town_n of_o preston_n call_v so_o from_o the_o religious_a quasi_fw-la priest_n town_n spring_v from_o the_o ruin_n of_o this_o remarkable_a city_n which_o may_v be_v ruin_v by_o war_n or_o earthquake_n i_o shall_v 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another_o road_n likewise_o direct_v to_o mancunium_n or_o manchester_n where_o be_v a_o fortress_n call_v the_o giant_n or_o torquins_n castle_n and_o doubtless_o that_o be_v their_o highway_n to_o devona_n or_o chester_n where_o the_o twenty_o legion_n style_v valens_n and_o victrix_n be_v fix_v chester_n be_v then_o a_o blockade_n to_o the_o britain_n in_o wales_n not_o far_o from_o this_o fortification_n call_v anchor-hill_n at_o ribchester_n i_o see_v a_o common-shore_n and_o a_o floor_n compose_v of_o roman_a tile_n which_o absolute_o demonstrate_v the_o river_n there_o be_v never_o navigable_a for_o have_v it_o be_v so_o that_o city_n must_v unavoidable_o have_v be_v under_o water_n together_o with_o in_o that_o country_n common_o call_v the_o field_n from_o its_o resemblance_n to_o a_o field_n be_v all_o champaign_n near_o this_o shoar_n i_o see_v a_o pillar_n about_o seventeen_o inch_n diameter_n with_o letter_n upon_o it_o but_o those_o in_o a_o great_a
roman_a wall_n there_o common_o call_v the_o weary-wall_n abundant_o demonstrate_v that_o ancient_a town_n to_o have_v be_v a_o most_o eminent_a roman_a station_n at_o the_o least_o the_o next_o place_n remarkable_a for_o antiquity_n be_v coln_n in_o the_o same_o hundred_o with_o ribchester_n the_o antiquity_n of_o which_o place_n be_v transmit_v to_o i_o by_o the_o learned_a mr._n hargrave_n rector_n of_o brandsburton_n near_o beverly_n in_o yorkshire_n in_o the_o follow_a word_n i_o have_v often_o from_o the_o name_n coln_n conjecture_v that_o the_o place_n be_v of_o more_o ancient_a original_a than_o the_o tradition_n current_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v it_o and_o i_o be_v the_o further_o confirm_v in_o this_o by_o the_o great_a number_n of_o roman_a coin_n which_o have_v be_v frequent_o dig_v up_o nigh_o it_o as_o at_o wheatly-lane_n which_o be_v general_o copper_n and_o those_o silver_n one_o cast_v up_o by_o a_o plough_n three_o or_o four_o year_n ago_o nigh_o emmet_n enclose_v in_o a_o great_a silver_n cup_n some_o of_o which_o i_o have_v see_v one_o of_o gordianus_n be_v very_o legible_a and_o another_o not_o so_o i_o have_v see_v part_n of_o other_o who_o remain_n show_v they_o be_v one_o of_o the_o antonine_n but_o that_o which_o most_o confirm_v my_o conjecture_n of_o this_o town_n be_v be_v a_o roman_a station_n be_v a_o conversation_n i_o be_v honour_v with_o the_o last_o summer_n by_o our_o reverend_a dean_n of_o york_n dr._n gale_n who_o be_v please_v to_o show_v i_o a_o book_n write_v about_o the_o seven_o century_n by_o a_o nameless_a author_n at_o ravenna_n which_o be_v so_o far_o as_o i_o know_v of_o it_o nothing_o but_o a_o itinerary_n wherein_o many_o ancient_a name_n of_o town_n through_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v remember_v which_o other_o have_v omit_v especial_o in_o britain_n that_o author_n come_v from_o our_o camolodunium_fw-la to_o colunium_fw-la and_o thence_o to_o gallunium_fw-la which_o by_o the_o usual_a transmutation_n of_o the_o roman_a g._n into_o our_o w._n that_o learned_a person_n conclude_v to_o be_v wally_n and_o thence_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o from_o the_o distance_n of_o coln_n from_o almondbury_n and_o its_o lie_v in_o the_o road_n betwixt_o that_o and_o whalley_n conclude_v that_o coln_n be_v a_o roman_a station_n i_o will_v only_o add_v sir_n that_o the_o book_n i_o have_v mention_v be_v print_v at_o paris_n 1670_o or_o thereabouts_o and_o if_o our_o dean_n copy_n be_v procure_v from_o the_o french_a king_n library_n and_o which_o be_v strange_a that_o inquisitive_a person_n tell_v i_o he_o can_v not_o where_o meet_a with_o a_o other_o copy_n this_o last_o thing_n have_v induce_v i_o to_o think_v that_o somewhat_o i_o have_v trouble_v you_o with_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o place_n may_v be_v new_a to_o you_o the_o respect_n i_o bear_v to_o the_o place_n of_o my_o birth_n have_v perchance_o tempt_v i_o to_o determine_v too_o peremptory_o in_o favour_n of_o it_o which_o i_o whole_o submit_v to_o your_o very_a judicious_a censure_n and_o if_o what_o i_o have_v write_v so_o hasty_o may_v be_v any_o way_n serviceable_a to_o your_o chapter_n of_o antiquity_n i_o shall_v be_v extreme_o proud_a to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o least_o measure_n your_o humble_a servant_n with_o all_o deference_n to_o that_o learned_a gentleman_n it_o be_v my_o opinion_n coln_n be_v not_o a_o roman_a station_n and_o that_o for_o these_o follow_a reason_n first_o because_o where_o the_o roman_a station_n be_v there_o be_v usual_o foss_n and_o fortification_n of_o which_o this_o learned_a gentleman_n give_v no_o account_n and_o though_o the_o coin_n find_v there_o may_v induce_v he_o to_o think_v it_o so_o yet_o that_o instance_n be_v not_o convince_a since_o they_o be_v frequent_o find_v in_o several_a other_o part_n which_o in_o probability_n be_v never_o roman_a station_n as_o at_o bury_n and_o standish_n in_o lancashire_n beside_o it_o be_v frequent_o observe_v that_o where_o the_o roman_a station_n be_v there_o be_v usual_o find_v roman_n altar_n dedicate_v to_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o place_n paterae_n and_o fibulae_fw-la it_o be_v very_o likely_a therefore_o that_o where_o those_o coin_n be_v find_v and_o not_o the_o other_o antiquity_n they_o be_v only_o bury_v there_o by_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o march_n when_o they_o quit_v their_o station_n who_o rather_o choose_v to_o hide_v they_o in_o the_o earth_n than_o let_v they_o fall_v into_o their_o enemy_n hand_n second_o it_o be_v probable_a it_o be_v not_o a_o roman_a station_n from_o the_o account_n that_o be_v give_v of_o the_o boundary_n belong_v to_o they_o for_o as_o siculus_n flaccus_n inform_v we_o the_o field_n that_o lay_v near_o the_o colony_n be_v determine_v by_o several_a sort_n of_o bound_n in_o the_o limit_n there_o be_v place_v for_o mark_n sometime_o one_o thing_n and_o sometime_o another_o in_o some_o a_o little_a statue_n of_o mercury_n in_o other_o a_o wine_n vessel_n in_o other_o a_o spatula_fw-la in_o other_o a_o rhombus_fw-la or_o a_o figure_n in_o shape_n like_o a_o lozenge_n and_o in_o some_o according_a to_o vitalis_n and_o arcadius_n a_o flagon_n or_o jar_n now_o none_o of_o all_o these_o as_o ever_o i_o hear_v of_o have_v be_v dug_n up_o at_o coln_n i_o can_v conclude_v it_o a_o roman_a station_n but_o that_o the_o coin_n find_v there_o be_v lodge_v by_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o itineraries_n but_o by_o reason_n some_o of_o these_o have_v be_v find_v at_o up-holland_n in_o lancashire_n that_o place_n indeed_o may_v have_v be_v a_o roman_a station_n from_o what_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o i_o it_o seem_v more_o feasible_a that_o the_o name_n coln_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o saxon_a word_n culme_n in_o that_o language_n signify_v coal_n that_o place_v abound_v with_o that_o sort_n of_o mine_n that_o manchester_n be_v a_o fortress_n of_o note_n in_o the_o roman_n day_n be_v apparent_a from_o the_o large_a ruin_n remain_v in_o a_o near_o adjoin_v field_n and_o some_o inscription_n that_o have_v be_v find_v in_o neighbour_a place_n but_o that_o i_o may_v do_v justice_n to_o the_o memory_n of_o mr._n hollingworth_n once_o fellow_n of_o the_o collegiate_n church_n in_o manchester_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o be_v censure_v in_o transcribe_v his_o manuscript_n relate_v to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o town_n and_o now_o reserve_v in_o the_o library_n there_o he_o suppose_v it_o receive_v its_o denomination_n from_o maen_n which_o as_o we_o find_v from_o the_o glossaries_n of_o the_o british_a tongue_n signify_v a_o rock_n or_o stone_n because_o it_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o rock_n or_o stony_a hill_n the_o roman_n call_v it_o mancunium_n or_o manucium_n according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o copy_n mention_v by_o antoninus_n the_o emperor_n who_o live_v about_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o christ_n the_o thoroughfare_a ascribe_v to_o he_o be_v from_o eboracum_n york_n to_o calacina_fw-la tadcaster_n then_o to_o cambodunum_n a_o place_n now_o ruin_v near_o almondsbury_n in_o yorkshire_n then_o to_o mammuncio_n or_o manucio_n manchester_n thence_o to_o condato_n congleton_n in_o cheshire_n and_o then_o from_o coccium_n ribchester_n to_o mancunio_n and_o so_o to_o condato_n this_o town_n of_o manchester_n be_v a_o station_n or_o fort_n of_o the_o roman_n now_o the_o station_n of_o the_o roman_a colony_n be_v the_o several_a plait_n of_o our_o city_n and_o principal_a town_n before_o who_o come_v the_o britain_n have_v not_o other_o city_n or_o town_n than_o wood_n fence_v with_o trench_n and_o rampire_n which_o be_v place_n of_o retreat_n to_o avoid_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o borderer_n in_o aldport_n close_o by_o the_o town_n be_v another_o fort_n where_o many_o roman_a coin_n have_v be_v dig_v up_o it_o be_v build_v foursquare_a be_v common_o call_v mancastle_n or_o mamcastle_n be_v build_v as_o may_v be_v presume_v by_o vicius_fw-la lupus_fw-la propraetor_n and_o lieutenant_n of_o britain_n as_o ulpian_n the_o civil_a lawyer_n call_v he_o who_o strengthen_v these_o northern_a part_n with_o fort_n and_o castle_n from_o this_o ancient_a fortress_n the_o place_n be_v afterward_o call_v aldport_n ald_v for_o outpost_n in_o teutonic_n from_o whence_o and_o not_o from_o the_o french_a they_o ancient_o have_v it_o be_v sometime_o use_v for_o a_o city_n wall_v town_n or_o fence_v place_n near_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o parish_n towards_o prestwich_n there_o be_v a_o field_n call_v ho-castle-field_n and_o a_o lane_n call_v ho-castle-lane_n mr._n cambden_n visit_v these_o part_n see_v at_o the_o fort_n of_o alpark_n upon_o a_o long_a stone_n this_o inscription_n candidi_fw-la fides_n xx_o iiij_o and_o john_n dee_n then_o warden_n of_o manchester_n copy_v out_o this_o for_o he_o coho_n i_o frisin_n masavonis_fw-la p._n xx_o iii_o these_o two_o piece_n it_o
seem_v be_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o memory_n of_o two_o centuriont_n that_o have_v so_o many_o year_n faithful_o and_o worthy_o serve_v the_o roman_n there_o in_o the_o year_n 1692_o under_o the_o root_n of_o a_o oak_n in_o med-lock_a near_a knot-mill_n be_v find_v a_o stone_n three_o quarter_n long_o fifteen_o inch_n broad_a eleven_o inch_n thick_a with_o the_o lettered_a side_n downward_o which_o mr._n cambden_n see_v not_o at_o least_o before_o the_o finish_v his_o britania_n but_o be_v now_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o garden_n of_o holme_n the_o seat_n of_o sir_n john_n bland_n bar_n to_o who_o that_o estate_n descend_v the_o same_o former_o belong_v to_o the_o moseley_n in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n a_o lady_n of_o great_a temper_n piety_n and_o prudence_n the_o inscription_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v thus_o fortunae_fw-la conserva_fw-la trici_fw-la lucius_n senacianius_n martiusbleg_n vi_o vict._n this_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o altar_n dedicate_v to_o fortune_n by_o lucius_n senecianus_n martius_n brutus_n a_o commander_n in_o the_o six_o legion_n which_o remain_v in_o york_n in_o the_o time_n of_o severus_n his_o be_v there_o after_o he_o have_v vanquish_v albinus_n general_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o reduce_v their_o state_n under_o his_o obedience_n it_o be_v surname_v victrix_n and_o be_v place_v by_o dio_n in_o lower_n britain_n and_o the_o twenty_o legion_n surname_v also_o victrix_n remain_v at_o chester_n which_o be_v place_v in_o high_a britain_n this_o division_n it_o seem_v be_v make_v by_o the_o say_v severus_n and_o the_o country_n about_o it_o where_o these_o legion_n be_v be_v divide_v into_o little_a region_n since_o call_v hide_n this_o be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o deiara_n several_a of_o who_o youth_n be_v send_v to_o rome_n and_o pope_n gregory_n admire_v their_o beauty_n send_v over_o augustine_n to_o convert_v the_o english_a edward_n the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n and_o afterward_o of_o the_o mercian_n send_v into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o northumber_n a_o army_n of_o the_o mercian_n say_v hoveden_n order_v that_o they_o shall_v fortify_v the_o city_n of_o manchester_n and_o place_n valiant_a soldier_n in_o it_o it_o be_v deface_v by_o the_o dane_n it_o be_v a_o frontier_n town_n betwixt_o the_o mercian_n that_o inhabit_v cheshire_n and_o derbyshire_n and_o the_o northumber_n inhabit_v lancashire_n and_o yorkshire_n and_o in_o their_o war_n and_o mutual_a incursion_n be_v sometime_o possess_v by_o the_o mercian_n and_o sometime_o the_o northumber_n thus_o far_o our_o author_n proceed_v as_o to_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o town_n it_o be_v vast_o populous_a of_o great_a trade_n riches_n and_o industry_n particular_o for_o the_o fustian_n manufacture_n and_o print_v they_o as_o for_o those_o likewise_o which_o be_v call_v manchester_n ware_n both_o which_o be_v now_o send_v all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o indies_n it_o be_v water_v by_o the_o river_n erwell_n and_o irk_v little_o can_v be_v add_v of_o lancaster_n for_o antiquity_n save_v that_o it_o be_v doubtless_o a_o roman_a fortress_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o roman_a wall_n and_o road_n lead_v to_o it_o it_o be_v at_o this_o time_n a_o very_a thrive_a corporation_n and_o a_o improve_n port_n its_o eminency_n chief_o lie_v in_o this_o that_o many_o branch_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n have_v enjoy_v title_n derive_v from_o it_o which_o for_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o county_n in_o general_n i_o will_v enumerate_v as_o brief_o as_o possible_a the_o first_o that_o be_v style_v lord_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o norman_a government_n be_v roger_n of_o poictou_n surname_v pictarensis_fw-la because_o his_o wife_n come_v out_o of_o poictou_n in_o france_n he_o be_v succeed_v in_o that_o honour_n by_o william_n earl_n of_o morton_n and_o warren_n upon_o who_o death_n king_n richard_n the_o first_o bestow_v it_o on_o his_o brother_n john_n afterward_o king_n of_o england_n of_o who_o gualther_n de_fw-fr hemingford_n and_o r._n hoveden_n give_v this_o account_n that_o king_n richard_n show_v great_a affection_n to_o his_o brother_n john_n for_o beside_o ireland_n and_o the_o earldom_n in_o normandy_n he_o bestow_v upon_o he_o such_o great_a preferment_n in_o england_n that_o he_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n tetrarch_n there_o for_o he_o give_v he_o cornwall_n lancaster_n nottingham_n and_o derby_n with_o the_o adjacent_a country_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n after_o this_o king_n henry_n iii_o son_n of_o king_n john_n promote_v his_o young_a son_n edmund_n crouchback_n he_o have_v be_v prevent_v of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sicily_n and_o apuleia_n to_o the_o earldom_n of_o lancaster_n giving_z it_o in_o these_o word_n the_o honour_n earldom_n castle_n and_o town_n of_o lancaster_n with_o the_o cow-pasture_n which_o at_o this_o day_n they_o call_v vaccary_n from_o thence_o and_o forest_n of_o wiresdale_n lownsdale_n newcastle_n under_o lime_n with_o the_o manor_n forest_n and_o castle_n of_o pickering_n the_o manor_n of_o scateby_n the_o village_n of_o gormancester_n and_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o town_n of_o huntingdon_n edmund_n have_v issue_n thomas_n henry_n and_o john_n who_o die_v unmarried_a which_o thomas_n be_v second_o earl_n of_o lancaster_n and_o be_v succeed_v in_o that_o honour_n by_o his_o brother_n henry_n who_o son_n henry_n be_v in_o parliament_n create_v duke_n of_o lancaster_n be_v the_o second_o dukedom_n that_o be_v erect_v in_o england_n that_o of_o cornwall_n be_v the_o first_o in_o the_o person_n of_o edward_n the_o black_a prince_n and_o leave_v two_o daughter_n maud_n duchess_n of_o bavaria_n and_o blanch_n marry_v to_o john_n of_o gaunt_n so_o call_v because_o he_o be_v bear_v at_o ghent_n in_o flanders_n four_o son_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o who_o thereby_o come_v to_o the_o whole_a estate_n and_o be_v now_o equal_a to_o many_o king_n in_o wealth_n be_v create_v duke_n of_o lancaster_n by_o his_o father_n he_o also_o obtain_v the_o royalty_n from_o he_o and_o the_o king_n then_o advance_v the_o county_n of_o lancaster_n into_o a_o palatinate_n by_o this_o rescript_n wherein_o after_o he_o have_v declare_v the_o great_a service_n he_o have_v do_v his_o country_n at_o home_o and_o abroad_o he_o add_v we_o have_v grant_v from_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n to_o our_o son_n aforesaid_a that_o he_o during_o his_o term_n of_o life_n shall_v have_v within_o the_o county_n of_o lancaster_n his_o chancery_n and_o his_o writ_n to_o be_v issue_v out_o under_o his_o own_o seal_n belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o chancellor_n his_o justice_n likewise_o as_o well_o for_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o for_o other_o plea_n relate_v to_o common_a law_n to_o have_v cognizance_n of_o they_o and_o to_o have_v power_n of_o make_v all_o execution_n whatsoever_o by_o his_o writ_n and_o officer_n and_o to_o have_v all_o other_o liberty_n and_o royalty_n whatsoever_o appertain_v to_o a_o county_n palatine_n as_o free_o and_o full_o as_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n within_o the_o say_a county_n be_v know_v to_o have_v nor_o be_v he_o only_a duke_n of_o lancaster_n but_o by_o marriage_n with_o constantia_n daughter_n to_o peter_n king_n of_o castille_n sometime_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o leon_n and_o castille_n but_o by_o contract_n he_o part_v with_o this_o title_n and_o in_o the_o thirteen_o of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o be_v create_v duke_n of_o aquitaine_n by_o consent_n of_o parliament_n to_o the_o great_a dissatisfaction_n of_o the_o country_n at_o that_o time_n his_o title_n be_v john_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n duke_n of_o aquitaine_n and_o lancaster_n earl_n of_o derby_n lincoln_n and_o leicester_n and_o high_a steward_n of_o england_n after_o this_o henry_n de_fw-fr bullingbrook_n his_o son_n succeed_v in_o the_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n who_o have_v depose_v richard_n the_o second_o obtain_v the_o crown_n and_o confer_v that_o honour_n upon_o henry_n his_o son_n afterward_o king_n of_o england_n and_o that_o he_o may_v entail_v it_o upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o he_o have_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v in_o these_o word_n we_o be_v unwilling_a that_o our_o say_a inheritance_n or_o liberty_n by_o reason_n of_o our_o now_o assume_v the_o regal_a seat_n and_o diguity_n shall_v be_v any_o way_n change_v transfer_v diminish_v or_o impair_v but_o that_o our_o say_a inheritance_n with_o its_o liberty_n and_o right_n aforesaid_a shall_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o form_n condition_n and_o state_n wherein_o they_o descend_v and_o fall_v to_o we_o and_o also_o with_o all_o and_o singular_a liberty_n franchise_n and_o privilege_n commodity_n and_o profit_n whatsoever_o which_o our_o lord_n and_o father_n in_o his_o life-time_n have_v and_o hold_v it_o for_o term_v of_o his_o life_n by_o grant_n of_o the_o late_a king_n richard_n and_o whole_o
and_o full_o continue_v preserve_v and_o enjoy_v by_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n specify_v in_o the_o say_a charter_n and_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o these_o present_n we_o do_v upon_o our_o certain_a knowledge_n and_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o this_o our_o present_a parliament_n grant_v declare_v decree_n and_o ordain_v for_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n that_o as_o well_o our_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n as_o all_z and_o singular_a county_n manor_n honour_n castle_n fee_n advowsons_n possession_n annuity_n and_o signory_n whatsoever_o descend_v to_o we_o before_o the_o royal_a dignity_n be_v obtain_v by_o we_o how_o or_o in_o what_o place_n soever_o by_o right_a of_o possession_n inheritance_n or_o in_o reversion_n or_o other_o way_n remain_v to_o we_o and_o our_o say_a heir_n specify_v in_o the_o charter_n abovesaid_a after_o the_o say_a manner_n for_o ever_o and_o in_o this_o state_n and_o condition_n it_o remain_v from_o that_o time_n save_v that_o edward_n the_o four_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o he_o have_v attaint_v henry_n the_o six_o for_o treason_n appropriate_v it_o as_o they_o term_v it_o to_o the_o crown_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n king_n of_o england_n however_o henry_n the_o seven_o break_v this_o entail_v and_o so_o at_o this_o day_n it_o have_v its_o peculiar_a officer_n namely_o a_o chancellor_n attorney_n clerk_n of_o the_o court_n six_o assessor_n a_o messenger_n two_o auditor_n three_o and_o twenty_o receiver_n and_o three_o supervisor_n chester_n the_o metropolis_n of_o that_o county_n palatine_n be_v very_o remarkable_a for_o the_o many_o antiquity_n there_o discover_v and_o will_v furnish_v we_o with_o variety_n of_o matter_n both_o in_o relation_n to_o its_o self_n and_o the_o many_o celebrate_a personage_n that_o have_v receive_v title_n from_o it_o that_o it_o be_v eminent_a in_o the_o roman_n day_n be_v unquestionable_a by_o the_o numerous_a spoil_n of_o their_o grandeur_n and_o magnificence_n find_v there_o i_o will_v brief_o give_v you_o the_o most_o note_a observation_n of_o mr._n cambden_n upon_o it_o and_o then_o add_v what_o have_v be_v more_o late_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v a_o roman_a colony_n the_o tile_n daily_o dig_v up_o there_o confirm_v to_o we_o on_o the_o reverse_n of_o some_o be_v inscribe_v col._n divana_n leg._n xx._n victrix_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o we_o can_v expect_v to_o behold_v the_o stately_a ruin_n of_o the_o place_n in_o this_o generation_n which_o precede_v age_n do_v yet_o even_o in_o the_o last_o age_n it_o be_v not_o barren_a of_o they_o as_o ranulph_n a_o monk_n of_o this_o city_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o polycronicon_fw-la there_o be_v way_n say_v he_o under_o ground_n wonderful_o arch_v with_o stonework_n vault_a dining-room_n huge_a stone_n engrave_v with_o the_o name_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o sometime_o coin_n dig_v up_o with_o the_o name_n of_o julius_n caesar_n and_o other_o famous_a men._n likewise_o roger_n of_o chester_n in_o his_o polycraticon_n when_o i_o behold_v the_o foundation_n of_o vast_a building_n up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o street_n it_o seem_v rather_o the_o effect_n of_o roman_a strength_n and_o the_o work_n of_o giant_n than_o of_o british_a industry_n as_o to_o its_o situation_n lucian_n the_o monk_n who_o live_v five_o hundred_o year_n ago_o speak_v very_o large_o both_o for_o its_o pleasantness_n and_o conveniency_n and_o doubtless_o it_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o roman_a prudence_n here_o first_o to_o form_v a_o camp_n for_o so_o the_o word_n chester_n from_o castrum_n imply_v and_o then_o to_o build_v a_o city_n for_o as_o lucian_n observe_v this_o place_n stand_v in_o the_o west_n part_v of_o britain_n be_v very_o convenient_a to_o receive_v the_o roman_a legion_n transport_v hither_o and_o beside_o it_o be_v proper_a for_o watch_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o be_v a_o perfect_a key_n to_o ireland_n its_o harbour_n supply_v it_o with_o the_o product_n of_o all_o europe_n for_o say_v the_o same_o author_n ship_n come_v in_o from_o gascoigne_n spain_n ireland_n and_o germany_n so_o that_o we_o drink_v wine_n very_o plentiful_o mr._n cambden_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o any_o antiquity_n in_o this_o city_n except_o some_o pavement_n of_o chequer-work_n so_o that_o our_o votive_a altar_n and_o curiosity_n must_v be_v of_o more_o modern_a discovery_n mr._n gibson_n indeed_o the_o late_a publisher_n of_o he_o with_o addition_n have_v a_o altar_n with_o this_o inscription_n i._o o._n m._n tanaro_n t._n elupius_n galer_n praesens_fw-la gwa_n pri._n leg_n xx._n vv._n commodo_fw-la et_fw-fr laterano_n cos._n v._o s._n l._n m._n which_o he_o thus_o read_v wales_n read_v but_o upon_o this_o altar_n mr._n prideaux_n who_o write_v the_o marmora_fw-la arundeliana_n comment_n thus_o that_o it_o be_v a_o altar_n dedicate_v to_o jupiter_n the_o thunderer_n tanar_n in_o the_o british_a language_n signify_v thunder_n and_o make_v praesens_fw-la guna_n to_o praeses_fw-la gunathae_fw-la that_o be_v governor_n of_o north_n wales_n jovi_fw-la optimo_fw-la maximo_fw-la tanaro_n titus_n elupius_n galerius_n praesens_fw-la gubernator_n principibus_fw-la legionis_fw-la vicessimae_fw-la victricis_fw-la valeriae_fw-la commodo_fw-la &_o laterano_n consulibus_fw-la votum_fw-la solvit_fw-la lubens_fw-la merito_fw-la from_o which_o inscription_n he_o argue_v the_o twenty_o legion_n be_v style_v victrix_n valeria_n and_o not_o valens_n victrix_n as_o mr._n cambden_n and_o other_o will_v have_v it_o another_o inscription_n he_o mention_n be_v varoniv_n ........._o ectus_n leg_n xx_o w_n etc._n etc._n and_o here_o the_o v._o be_v double_v he_o appeal_v to_o dio_n who_o say_v the_o twenty_o legion_n which_o be_v call_v valeria_n and_o victrix_n be_v now_o in_o upper_a britain_n which_o augustus_n preserve_v together_o with_o the_o other_o legion_n that_o have_v the_o name_n of_o vicesima_fw-la and_o have_v its_o winter-quarter_n in_o low_a germany_n and_o neither_o now_o be_v nor_o then_o be_v usual_o and_o proper_o call_v valeria_n he_o far_o proceed_v that_o valeria_n may_v as_o well_o be_v allow_v as_o to_o other_o legion_n the_o additional_a title_n of_o ulpia_n flavia_n claudia_n trajana_n antonina_n etc._n etc._n be_v but_o as_o to_o this_o dispute_v title_n we_o shall_v give_v the_o reader_n full_a satisfaction_n in_o what_o follow_v before_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o other_o altar_n communicate_v to_o he_o by_o mr._n henry_n prescot_n of_o chester_n let_v i_o insert_v what_o the_o same_o author_n acquaint_v we_o be_v find_v round_o it_o about_o the_o foundation_n where_o the_o altar_n lie_v be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o sign_n of_o a_o sacrifice_n as_o the_o bone_n horn_n and_o head_n of_o several_a creature_n as_o the_o ox_n roebuck_n etc._n etc._n with_o these_o two_o coin_n 1._o brass_n on_o the_o first_o side_n imp._n caes._n vespasian_n aug._n cos._n iii_o and_o the_o face_n of_o the_o emperor_n on_o the_o reverse_n victoria_fw-la augusti_fw-la s._n c._n and_o a_o winge_a victory_n stand_v 2._o copper_n on_o the_o first_o side_n fl._n val._n constantius_n nob._n c._n and_o the_o face_n of_o constantius_n on_o the_o reverse_n genio_fw-la populi_n romani_fw-la a_o genius_n stand_v hold_v a_o bowl_n use_v in_o sacrifice_n in_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o a_o cornucopia_n in_o the_o left_a one_o of_o these_o coin_n be_v not_o speak_v of_o in_o the_o follow_a manuscript_n give_v i_o by_o mr._n prescot_n so_o i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o quote_v mr._n gibson_n for_o it_o but_o that_o i_o may_v now_o do_v justice_n to_o the_o courtesy_n and_o generosity_n of_o that_o curious_a gentleman_n mr._n henry_n prescot_n of_o chester_n the_o reader_n may_v here_o take_v a_o full_a account_n of_o that_o altar_n from_o his_o manuscript_n to_o kendrick_n eyton_n esq_n at_o eyton_n in_o the_o county_n of_o denbigh_n sir_n chester_n jan._n 12._o 1693._o the_o altar_n find_v here_o be_v a_o considerable_a piece_n of_o antiquity_n it_o do_v indeed_o prove_v itself_o so_o at_o first_o sight_n but_o because_o the_o name_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o consul_n be_v want_v it_o require_v great_a skill_n in_o antiquity_n than_o i_o pretend_v to_o to_o fix_v its_o aera_fw-la however_o since_o you_o command_v i_o i_o will_v give_v my_o conjecture_n upon_o that_o and_o other_o circumstance_n of_o it_o in_o july_n last_o 1693._o upon_o occasion_n of_o dig_v a_o place_n for_o a_o cellar_n in_o the_o house_n of_o mr._n heath_n in_o the_o east-gate_n about_o two_o foot_n deep_a it_o be_v find_v with_o the_o inscription_n downward_o upon_o a_o stone_n two_o foot_n square_a and_o one_o in_o thickness_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v the_o pedestal_n be_v moulder_a off_o on_o three_o side_n the_o foundation_n lie_v deep_a and_o broad_a consist_v of_o many_o great_a stone_n the_o earth_n about_o be_v solid_a but_o of_o several_a colour_n and_o ash_n be_v frequent_o find_v about_o the_o
foundation_n be_v find_v the_o head_n horn_n and_o bone_n of_o several_a creature_n viz._n the_o ox_n wolf_n roebuck_n etc._n etc._n on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o it_o be_v a_o flowerpot_n on_o the_o top_n be_v a_o cotyla_n or_o cavity_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o that_o cavity_n a_o young_a face_n suppose_v to_o be_v that_o of_o the_o genius_n on_o the_o back_n ornament_n or_o drapery_n of_o uncertain_a figure_n on_o the_o right_a side_n a_o genius_n stand_v with_o a_o cornucopia_n in_o his_o lefthand_n the_o right-hand_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o workman_n unaware_o together_o with_o several_a letter_n of_o the_o inscription_n signify_v by_o the_o blot_n it_o be_v plain_a then_o in_o fact_n that_o the_o altar_n be_v erect_v by_o flavius_n longinus_n tribune_n of_o the_o twenty_o legion_n name_v victrix_n and_o valens_n and_o longinus_n his_o son_n descend_v from_o the_o house_n city_n rather_o of_o samosate_n in_o performance_n of_o their_o vow_n make_v for_o the_o prosperity_n of_o the_o then_o emperor_n to_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o place_n yet_o in_o order_n to_o discover_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o performance_n who_o the_o tribune_n or_o augusti_n or_o emperor_n be_v the_o aera_fw-la of_o their_o reign_n and_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n all_o which_o be_v very_o doubtful_a i_o offer_v these_o observation_n genio_fw-la loci_fw-la in_o the_o roman_a heathen_a theology_n the_o very_a genii_n be_v almost_o innumerable_a one_o be_v depute_v to_o every_o person_n place_n and_o almost_o every_o thing_n useful_a in_o their_o family_n and_o for_o their_o occasion_n they_o be_v more_o frequent_o understand_v to_o preside_v over_o generation_n nativity_n and_o after_o that_o to_o be_v tutelary_a to_o the_o person_n all_o his_o life_n long_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o effigy_n of_o the_o genius_n be_v common_o juvenile_n crown_v with_o plantane-leaves_a and_o flower_n wine_n nard_n and_o honey_n be_v offer_v to_o he_o in_o sacrifice_n on_o nativity_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o birthday_n whereon_o the_o person_n first_o enjoy_v that_o cheerful_a gift_n the_o light_n of_o the_o day_n shall_v not_o be_v defile_v or_o profane_v with_o blood_n or_o the_o deprive_v another_o creature_n of_o that_o light_n indeed_o that_o place_n in_o horace_n lib._n 3._o ode_n 17._o cras_fw-la genium_fw-la mero_n placabis_fw-la &_o porco_n bimestri_fw-la be_v bring_v for_o a_o 2._o a_o per_fw-la demsterum_fw-la in_o rosinum_fw-la ad_fw-la c._n 14._o lib._n 2._o authority_n to_o prove_v the_o sacrifice_n of_o a_o animal_n to_o a_o genius_n but_o to_o i_o it_o be_v a_o mistake_n and_o contrary_a to_o horace_n intention_n he_o there_o urge_v lamia_n to_o spend_v the_o day_n merry_o indulgere_fw-la genio_fw-la genialiter_fw-la vivere_fw-la and_o not_o advise_v to_o any_o solemn_a act_n of_o religion_n and_o in_o some_o addition_n more_o agreeable_a to_o this_o interpretation_n it_o be_v curabis_fw-la not_o placabis_fw-la genium_fw-la and_o cutem_fw-la curare_fw-la be_v a_o proper_a phrase_n for_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o this_o sense_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o same_o poet_n 144._o poet_n epist._n l._n 2._o epist._n 1._o v._o 144._o tellurem_fw-la porco_n sylvanum_fw-la lacte_fw-la piabunt_fw-la floribus_fw-la &_o vino_fw-la genium_fw-la memorem_fw-la brevis_fw-la aevi_fw-la but_o to_o the_o genius_n of_o a_o place_n a_o large_a and_o more_o indulgent_a province_n be_v delegated_a there_o may_v be_v subordinate_a genii_n and_o particular_o such_o as_o preside_v over_o nativity_n within_o it_o and_o to_o this_o genius_n for_o the_o plenitude_n of_o his_o power_n and_o superintendency_n more_o magnificent_a and_o pompous_a immolation_n be_v make_v and_o from_o the_o same_o opinion_n many_o altar_n be_v erect_v to_o that_o genius_n as_o appear_v in_o gruter_n iu_o 7._o vi_o 2._o ‑_o viii_o 4._o 6._o 7._o ‑_o ix_o 23._o ‑_o xc_o 10._o ‑_o cv_o 2._o ‑_o cvii_o 5._o ‑_o clxxvii_o 5._o ‑_o mxvii_o 7._o ‑_o mxviii_o 9_o ‑_o mlxviii_o 2._o ‑_o longinus_n flavius_z this_o tribune_n do_v not_o occur_v in_o any_o history_n i_o have_v read_v we_o roman_n we_o andr._n shotti_n gentes_fw-la &_o famil_n roman_n find_v that_o from_o the_o cassia_n gens_n there_o descend_v a_o plebeian_n family_n surname_v longini_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o g._n cassius_n longinus_n one_o of_o the_o ancient_a lawyer_n remember_v by_o the_o 2._o the_o digest_v lib._n 1._o tit._n 2._o emperor_n justinian_n be_v of_o that_o family_n it_o be_v manifest_a the_o same_o longinus_n be_v praeses_fw-la of_o syria_n in_o claudius_n his_o time_n and_o very_o credible_a that_o he_o be_v of_o the_o same_o family_n with_o cassius_n the_o assassin_n of_o caesar_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o commendation_n of_o his_o skill_n in_o the_o law_n and_o arm_n and_o his_o own_o endeavour_n to_o support_v the_o honour_n of_o that_o family_n caeteros_fw-la praeminebat_fw-la peritia_fw-la legum_n nam_fw-la militares_fw-la art_fw-la per_fw-la otium_fw-la ignotae_fw-la industriosque_fw-la ac_fw-la ignavos_n pax_fw-la in_o aequo_fw-la tenet_fw-la attamen_fw-la quantum_fw-la sine_fw-la bello_fw-la dabatur_fw-la revocare_fw-la priscum_fw-la morem_fw-la exercitare_fw-la legiones_fw-la cura_fw-la provisa_fw-la perinde_v agere_fw-la ac_fw-la si_fw-la hostess_fw-la ingruerit_fw-la ita_fw-la digna_fw-la majoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o familia_fw-la cassia_n ratus_fw-la per_fw-la illas_fw-la quoque_fw-la gentes_fw-la celebrata_fw-la cassius_n longinus_n the_o assassin_n of_o caesar_n be_v quaestor_n to_o crassus_n in_o syria_n and_o after_o crassus_n his_o death_n he_o return_v back_o to_o syria_n it_o be_v probable_a during_o his_o residence_n there_o he_o may_v plant_v that_o family_n which_o above_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o when_o the_o lawyer_n cassius_n longinus_n come_v praeses_fw-la thither_o be_v hold_v in_o great_a esteem_n in_o those_o part_n from_o so_o great_a and_o illustrious_a a_o house_n many_o family_n no_o doubt_n be_v propagate_v and_o consider_v into_o what_o displeasure_n that_o house_n fall_v with_o the_o imperial_a family_n upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o caesar_n murder_n it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o think_v they_o will_v rather_o propagate_v and_o flourish_v in_o syria_n than_o at_o rome_n be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o envy_n and_o revenge_n of_o the_o julian_n family_n this_o supposition_n grant_v the_o number_n of_o 346_o year_n viz._n the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o time_n that_o cassius_n fix_v in_o syria_n viz._n anno_fw-la u._n c._n 700._o and_o the_o aera_fw-la which_o i_o shall_v presume_v to_o assign_v to_o our_o tribune_n viz._n anno_fw-la u._n c._n 1046_o will_v be_v find_v sufficient_a for_o the_o propagation_n of_o many_o family_n out_o of_o the_o cassian_n gens_n or_o stock_n if_o then_o the_o nomen_fw-la of_o our_o tribune_n have_v be_v cassius_n this_o may_v have_v give_v more_o probability_n of_o his_o pedigree_n or_o derivation_n from_o the_o famous_a cassius_n the_o flavian_n be_v a_o ancient_a stock_n or_o gens_n though_o plebeian_n and_o its_o likely_a our_o tribune_n be_v descend_v from_o it_o and_o be_v of_o a_o different_a stock_n from_o cassius_n but_o the_o cognomen_fw-la longinus_n be_v at_o least_o a_o note_n of_o their_o collateral_a relation_n pot_n relation_n rosini_n lib._n 4._o l._n de_fw-fr patria_fw-la pot_n differunt_fw-la enim_fw-la agnati_fw-la a_o gentilibus_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la quod_fw-la agnati_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la qui_fw-la ex_fw-la eadem_fw-la familia_fw-la nascuntur_fw-la &_o idem_fw-la cognomen_fw-la habent_fw-la gentiles_n qui_fw-la ex_fw-la eodem_fw-la genere_fw-la nascuntur_fw-la &_o simili_fw-la nomine_fw-la appellantur_fw-la and_o therefore_o a_o conjecture_n may_v be_v tolerable_o infer_v that_o from_o what_o be_v here_o observe_v our_o tribune_n be_v of_o relation_n though_o of_o several_a descent_n to_o the_o famous_a cassius_n leg._n xx._n the_o workman_n rude_a instrument_n here_o wound_v the_o stone_n so_o deep_a that_o we_o may_v safe_o conclude_v there_o be_v room_n for_o the_o addition_n of_o two_o letter_n and_o then_o it_o will_v be_v leg._n xx._n vv._n it_o be_v certain_a that_o rosinus_n that_o gruter_n &_o rosinus_n victrix_n be_v the_o ancient_a epithet_n to_o the_o twenty_o legion_n and_o the_o most_o authentic_a proof_n of_o that_o epithet_n be_v the_o ancient_a column_n at_o rome_n whereon_o the_o 32_o legion_n be_v record_v another_o epithet_n be_v add_v but_o various_o interpret_v some_o take_v it_o for_o valeriana_n or_o valeria_n other_o for_o valens_n but_o the_o latter_a seem_v to_o have_v the_o preference_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o this_o inscription_n v._o inscription_n gruter_n p._n 492._o v._o praef_n leg_n xx._n valen_n victr_n primip_n leg_n x._o gem_n piae_fw-la fidel_n cent_z legion_n four_o scy_n thicae_fw-la claud_fw-la xiiii_o gem_n vii_o gem_n etc._n etc._n 13._o etc._n tacitus_n in_o vita_fw-la agric._n 13._o julius_n caesar_n rather_o discover_v than_o subdue_v this_o island_n to_o the_o roman_a greatness_n augustus_n wave_v the_o prosecution_n of_o julius_n his_o attempt_n out_o of_o prudence_n and_o tiberius_n out_o of_o policy_n but_o claudius_n reassume_v it_o
with_o success_n he_o send_v over_o hither_o several_a legion_n and_o its_o most_o probable_a the_o twenty_o in_o his_o reign_n we_o find_v a_o very_a great_a impression_n make_v upon_o britain_n several_a province_n subdue_v a_o warlike_a prince_n caractacus_n carry_v captive_a to_o rome_n and_o a_o magnificent_a triumph_n thereupon_o in_o the_o course_n of_o the_o conduct_n of_o ostorius_n scapula_n the_o legate_n it_o be_v remarkable_a what_o be_v say_v in_o tacitus_n ann._n 12._o 32._o et_fw-la ductus_fw-la in_o cangos_n exercitus_fw-la the_o learned_a cambden_n suppose_v upon_o the_o great_a deliberation_n whereon_o he_o be_v put_v by_o lipsius_n that_o the_o cheshire_n the_o cheshire_n cangi_n be_v those_o britain_n inhabit_v these_o part_n he_o be_v induce_v thereunto_o by_o the_o pig_n of_o lead_n find_v in_o the_o ground_n and_o have_v this_o inscription_n on_o they_o imp._n domit._n aug_n gerard_n de._n ceang._n we_o find_v the_o province_n about_o the_o brigantes_n silures_n and_o ordovices_n subdue_v by_o ostorius_n and_o consider_v the_o situation_n of_o chester_n as_o it_o lie_v to_o those_o several_a province_n it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o the_o twenty_o legion_n may_v in_o his_o time_n be_v encamp_v here_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o vitellius_n this_o among_o other_o be_v account_v a_o stand_a legion_n in_o britain_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o in_o tacitus_n hist._n lib._n 2._o 22._o cum_fw-la vexillis_fw-la nonae_fw-la secundaeque_fw-la &_o vicesimae_fw-la britanicarum_fw-la legionum_fw-la upon_o obtain_v of_o the_o empire_n by_o vespasian_n we_o find_v it_o here_o 7._o here_o ejusdem_fw-la vitæ_fw-la agr._n 7._o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o roscius_n celer_n praeposuit_fw-la celer_n agricolam_fw-la xxmae_fw-la legioni_fw-la tarde_fw-la ad_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la transgressae_fw-la praeposuit_fw-la and_o very_o difficult_o draw_v to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o the_o new_a emperor_n and_o he_o that_o consider_v the_o success_n of_o agricola_n in_o his_o proconsulship_n of_o britain_n under_o that_o emperor_n and_o particular_o in_o these_o part_n will_v be_v induce_v far_a to_o believe_v the_o say_a legion_n have_v its_o residence_n here_o and_o from_o thence_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a the_o city_n be_v call_v cestria_n or_o caerlleon_n in_o british_a a_o castris_fw-la and_o the_o learned_a polyalbion_n learned_a in_o not._n in_o polyalbion_n selden_n do_v therefore_o reconcile_v the_o say_v of_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n emeriti_fw-la julianarum_fw-la legionum_fw-la ibi_fw-la residere_fw-la by_o apply_v julianarum_fw-la to_o julius_n agricola_n the_o lieutenant_n and_o not_o to_o julius_n caesar._n yet_o though_o it_o be_v credible_a this_o place_n may_v become_v considerable_a from_o the_o so_o long_a residence_n of_o a_o legion_n or_o legion_n here_o as_o be_v a_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o draw_v a_o confluence_n of_o conquer_a britain_n to_o they_o and_o of_o their_o inhabitation_n there_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a 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make_v a_o easy_a entrance_n britain_n suffer_v still_o in_o all_o these_o struggle_n be_v despoil_v of_o its_o youth_n and_o soldiery_n for_o now_o the_o empire_n can_v no_o long_o sustain_v itself_o against_o the_o terrible_a invasion_n of_o goth_n vandal_n gaul_n and_o other_o as_o barbarous_a and_o potent_a enemy_n among_o all_o the_o emperor_n that_o plume_v the_o strength_n of_o this_o island_n to_o the_o tyrant_n maximus_n be_v chief_o attribute_v its_o final_a ruin_n most_o of_o the_o military_a force_n be_v draw_v into_o gaul_n and_o never_o return_v they_o be_v either_o slay_v or_o plant_n themselves_o in_o armorica_n it_o be_v in_o this_o juncture_n the_o scot_n land_v form_n ireland_n and_o join_v with_o the_o pict_n or_o northern_a native_n break_v all_o their_o mound_n and_o ravage_v cruel_o among_o they_o prove_v too_o strong_a for_o the_o raw_a undisciplined_a remain_n of_o the_o britain_n who_o now_o be_v desert_v and_o distress_v and_o ready_a to_o fall_v unto_o 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and_o station_n the_o life_n and_o action_n of_o the_o emperor_n their_o coin_n and_o different_a explication_n of_o their_o reverse_n i_o have_v endeavour_v with_o as_o much_o brevity_n and_o perspicuity_n as_o matter_n of_o so_o intricate_a a_o nature_n will_v admit_v of_o to_o account_v for_o the_o roman_a history_n in_o these_o northern_a part_n and_o though_o caesar_n affirm_v in_o his_o commentary_n that_o all_o the_o inland_a britain_n inhabit_v in_o wood_n and_o fastness_n yet_o i_o think_v whoever_o consider_v the_o country_n adjacent_a and_o the_o various_a name_n give_v to_o that_o ancient_a city_n chester_n together_o with_o the_o city_n itself_o can_v but_o conclude_v he_o be_v certain_o mistake_v and_o he_o may_v easy_o be_v so_o have_v never_o advance_v his_o irresistible_a legion_n so_o far_o as_o these_o country_n it_o now_o remain_v in_o the_o last_o place_n that_o i_o give_v some_o account_n of_o the_o british_a antiquity_n in_o those_o part_n but_o since_o none_o that_o i_o can_v certain_o call_v such_o have_v occur_v to_o my_o observation_n i_o can_v expatiate_v upon_o that_o topick_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o i_o have_v see_v various_a coin_n which_o mr._n cambden_n call_v british_a but_o since_o the_o same_o reverse_n be_v frequent_o observe_v on_o the_o roman_a coin_n i_o dare_v not_o be_v positive_a in_o that_o matter_n nor_o indeed_o do_v it_o clear_o appear_v to_o i_o what_o the_o british_a coin_n be_v whether_o any_o sort_n of_o metal_n or_o shell_n as_o the_o american_n have_v at_o this_o day_n have_v they_o be_v of_o any_o kind_n of_o metal_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o in_o these_o part_n in_o some_o generation_n or_o other_o some_o of_o they_o will_v have_v be_v find_v wherefore_o i_o can_v only_o add_v further_a upon_o that_o head_n that_o i_o have_v see_v a_o copper_n coin_n dig_v up_o at_o ribchester_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v have_v a_o head_n but_o not_o like_o any_o of_o the_o roman_n or_o