together_o which_o make_v 32_o soldier_n &_o those_o two_o file_n so_o join_v they_o call_v dilochia_n and_o the_o commander_n of_o these_o two_o file_n they_o call_v dilochites_n then_o they_o double_v the_o number_n of_o those_o two_o file_n which_o make_v four_o file_n and_o 64_o soldier_n and_o this_o troup_n they_o call_v tetrarchia_fw-la which_o have_v a_o commander_n call_v tetrarcha_fw-la after_o that_o they_o double_v the_o number_n of_o these_o which_o make_v eight_o file_n and_o 128_o soldier_n and_o this_o body_n be_v call_v taxiarchia_n and_o their_o commander_n taxiarcha_n then_o they_o double_v those_o eight_o file_n so_o make_v they_o 16_o and_o this_o body_n be_v call_v syntagma_n and_o the_o commander_n of_o this_o body_n be_v call_v syntagmatarcha_n to_o this_o body_n they_o appoint_v five_o general_a officer_n a_o ensign_n a_o lieutenant_n a_o trumpeter_z for_o they_o have_v no_o drum_n a_o crier_n and_o a_o sergeant_n the_o ensign_n be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n as_o all_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o figure_n follow_v the_o second_o figure_n syntagmatarcha_fw-la taxiarcha_n tetrarcha_fw-la dilochites_n the_o phalanx_n be_v compose_v of_o sixteen_o body_n like_v to_o the_o forego_n figure_n this_o body_n of_o 16_o file_n they_o double_v which_o make_v 32_o file_n and_o call_v it_o pentacosiarchia_n and_o the_o commander_n of_o it_o pentacosiarcha_n then_o these_o 32_o file_n they_o double_v which_o make_v 64_o and_o this_o body_n they_o call_v chiliarchia_n and_o the_o commander_n chiliarcha_n these_o 64_o file_n be_v double_v make_v 128_o file_n and_o be_v call_v merarchia_fw-la and_o their_o commander_n merarcha_n and_o 128_o file_n be_v double_v make_v 256_o call_v phalangia_fw-la and_o the_o commander_n phalangiarchos_n so_o that_o the_o phalanx_n be_v compose_v of_o 4096_o soldier_n and_o of_o one_o phalangiarchos_n which_o command_v in_o chief_a two_o merarchas_n four_o chiliarchas_fw-la eight_o pentacosiarchas_n 16_o syntagmatarchas_n 32_o taxiarchas_n 64_o tetrarchas_fw-la and_o 128_o dilochites_n as_o the_o next_o figure_n show_v the_o three_o figure_n now_o according_a to_o the_o ability_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n they_o augment_v this_o army_n by_o double_v the_o phalanx_n which_o be_v call_v diphalangarchia_n and_o the_o commander_n diphalangarcha_n or_o by_o double_v the_o diphalangarchia_n and_o this_o they_o call_v tetraphalangarchia_n and_o the_o commander_n tetraphalangarchos_n who_o then_o be_v the_o high_a commander_n and_o this_o they_o hold_v to_o be_v a_o complete_a army_n which_o afterward_o have_v be_v call_v a_o phalanx_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v always_o divide_v into_o four_o body_n as_o four_o phalanges_fw-la and_o be_v compose_v of_o 16384_o soldier_n the_o four_o figure_n this_o be_v the_o order_n of_o the_o grecian_a phalanx_n for_o the_o heavy-armed_n call_v hoplitae_n namely_o of_o pike_n and_o target_n which_o take_v up_o allow_v six_o foot_n for_o each_o soldier_n and_o without_o account_v the_o three_o intervall_n six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o forty_o four_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o ninety_o six_o foot_n in_o depth_n to_o this_o army_n they_o join_v half_a that_o number_n of_o light-armed_n soldier_n call_v psyllagi_n which_o fight_v from_o afar_o off_o with_o fly_v and_o casting-weapon_n and_o be_v order_v into_o battalion_n behind_o the_o phalanx_n in_o equal_a front_n but_o that_o their_o file_n be_v but_o eight_o depth_n in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o with_o the_o same_o officer_n and_o when_o they_o be_v to_o begin_v the_o battle_n they_o pass_v through_o the_o intervall_n and_o assail_v the_o enemy_n when_o the_o army_n be_v draw_v so_o near_o each_o other_o as_o to_o come_v to_o the_o shock_n they_o retreat_v by_o the_o same_o intervall_n into_o their_o place_n behind_o the_o heavy-armed_n and_o over_o their_o head_n pour_v a_o shower_n of_o stone_n dart_n and_o arrow_n upon_o their_o enemy_n and_o fortify_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o phalanx_n to_o sustain_v the_o shock_n be_v now_o of_o 24_o man_n in_o depth_n the_o five_o figure_n concern_v the_o cavalry_n they_o always_o place_v they_o on_o the_o wing_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o cavalry_n or_o the_o infantry_n they_o change_v the_o form_n of_o their_o order_n according_a to_o the_o site_n of_o the_o place_n or_o to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o enemy_n force_n with_o who_o they_o have_v to_o do_v or_o to_o the_o order_n wherein_o they_o be_v range_v into_o battalion_n enlarge_a the_o front_n by_o lessen_v the_o depth_n &_o double_v their_o front_n by_o the_o half_a file_n as_o cyrus_n do_v in_o the_o battle_n which_o he_o fight_v aghasted_n croesus_n for_o fear_v to_o be_v overwinge_v he_o make_v his_o file_n which_o be_v 24_o depth_n but_o 12_o and_o so_o augment_v the_o front_n of_o his_o army_n by_o the_o one_o half_a beside_o they_o make_v use_v of_o several_a order_n of_o battalion_n according_a to_o occasion_n as_o the_o orb_n and_o the_o light-armed_n in_o the_o middle_n to_o sustain_v a_o strong_a charge_n on_o all_o part_n or_o the_o wedge_n the_o better_a to_o enter_v into_o a_o battalion_n or_o a_o halfmoon_n to_o enclose_v or_o overw_v and_o other_o which_o be_v of_o no_o great_a use_n in_o these_o time_n and_o that_o they_o may_v not_o confound_v themselves_o in_o such_o order_n when_o occasion_n serve_v they_o have_v public_a school_n where_o all_o the_o young_a sort_n of_o man_n go_v to_o exercise_v themselves_o which_o they_o call_v gymnasia_fw-la and_o have_v master_n to_o teach_v the_o use_n of_o arm_n and_o motion_n call_v tactici_fw-la now_o to_o perform_v all_o the_o motion_n they_o allow_v to_o every_o soldier_n six_o foot_n of_o ground_n square_n and_o for_o fight_v three_o foot_n and_o to_o sustain_v a_o violent_a charge_n they_o serry_v they_o so_o as_o they_o take_v up_o but_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a by_o this_o mean_v it_o be_v that_o so_o many_o small_a commonwealth_n of_o the_o grecian_n maintain_v their_o liberty_n so_o long_o &_o have_v perform_v so_o brave_a action_n have_v repulse_v so_o great_a army_n with_o so_o small_a force_n and_o have_v even_o plant_v their_o trophy_n in_o asia_n and_o elsewhere_o until_o their_o division_n overthrow_v they_o which_o philip_n dextrous_o lay_v hold_v on_o bring_v they_o to_o subjection_n and_o after_o that_o alexander_n his_o son_n with_o they_o and_o their_o militia_n conquer_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o the_o constitution_n of_o those_o commonwealth_n be_v more_o proper_a for_o a_o happy_a maintain_n of_o their_o liberty_n then_o to_o increase_v themselves_o for_o howsoever_o they_o all_o addict_v themselves_o to_o arm_n so_o that_o none_o be_v exempt_v from_o they_o yet_o their_o poverty_n and_o the_o small_a number_n of_o soldier_n of_o every_o commonwealth_n apart_o by_o itself_o hinder_v they_o from_o make_v any_o great_a progress_n so_o do_v their_o division_n it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n that_o so_o many_o sovereign_a commonwealth_n shall_v agree_v together_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o a_o common_a necessity_n to_o defend_v themselves_o as_o they_o do_v divers_a time_n against_o the_o persian_n but_o not_o for_o a_o conquest_n where_o man_n can_v agree_v neither_o about_o place_n of_o command_n nor_o about_o share_v of_o what_o be_v get_v concern_v their_o retrench_v camp_n which_o they_o call_v aplectos_n they_o choose_v rather_o strong_a cite_v then_o that_o they_o fortify_v they_o by_o industry_n neither_o have_v they_o any_o certain_a form_n as_o the_o roman_n have_v but_o according_a to_o the_o advantage_n of_o place_n they_o fortify_v one_o part_n more_o than_o another_o and_o hereof_o there_o be_v nothing_o certain_a to_o be_v find_v in_o write_v among_o ancient_a author_n the_o military_a discipline_n of_o the_o roman_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o election_n of_o soldier_n and_o their_o arm_n romulus_n have_v build_v the_o city_n of_o rome_n divide_v it_o into_o century_n and_o military_a order_n every_o body_n contain_v four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n now_o because_o the_o most_o valiant_a be_v choose_v it_o be_v call_v legio_n which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o select_a company_n the_o city_n be_v more_o populous_a by_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o sabine_n the_o legion_n be_v double_v which_o then_o become_v to_o be_v of_o six_o thousand_o foot_n and_o six_o hundred_o horse_n yet_o after_o that_o they_o have_v be_v of_o a_o great_a number_n tullus_n hostilius_n three_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n establish_v military_a exercise_n and_o distinguish_v all_o the_o people_n into_o five_o class_n or_o order_n they_o of_o the_o first_o classis_fw-la as_o be_v the_o rich_a be_v bind_v to_o mount_v and_o arm_v themselves_o to_o serve_v on_o horseback_n the_o three_o follow_a class_n be_v employ_v on_o foot_n and_o according_a to_o their_o mean_n be_v hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la or_o triarii_n and_o be_v
counsellor_n in_o war_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o pharsalia_n pompey_n be_v twice_o as_o strong_a as_o cesar_n especial_o in_o cavalry_n whereupon_o he_o principal_o ground_v his_o victory_n but_o he_o have_v not_o a_o army_n so_o well_o discipline_v nor_o so_o exercise_v to_o fight_v as_o cesar_n have_v insomuch_o that_o fear_v that_o if_o his_o give_v the_o charge_n they_o will_v do_v it_o disorderly_a he_o command_v they_o to_o attend_v the_o give_v on_o of_o the_o enemy_n with_o charge_n not_o to_o â—â—rre_v from_o their_o place_n cesar_n dislike_a that_o course_n command_v his_o soldier_n to_o give_v on_o upon_o the_o adverse_a army_n allege_v that_o this_o excit_v the_o courage_n of_o soldier_n to_o play_v the_o man_n which_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v increase_v then_o abate_v not_o disapprove_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o begin_v the_o fight_n with_o a_o general_a shout_n and_o experience_n teach_v we_o that_o in_o all_o action_n of_o war_n he_o which_o give_v the_o charge_n redouble_v his_o courage_n and_o he_o which_o be_v charge_v diminish_v he_o touch_v pompey_n order_n of_o battle_n have_v a_o river_n on_o his_o right_a hand_n he_o place_v all_o his_o horse_n on_o the_o left_a promise_v to_o himself_o that_o after_o he_o have_v repulse_v caesar_n cavalry_n he_o shall_v enclose_v his_o army_n cesar_n judge_v his_o cavalry_n not_o of_o sufficient_a strength_n to_o resist_v that_o of_o pompey_n strengthen_v it_o by_o foot_n which_o be_v fit_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o mingle_v among_o they_o beside_o that_o he_o take_v from_o every_o battalion_n one_o troup_n whereof_o he_o compose_v a_o battalion_n to_o be_v as_o a_o reserve_n which_o he_o place_v without_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o three_o order_n of_o infantry_n and_o command_v they_o not_o to_o stir_v to_o the_o conflict_n until_o he_o appoint_v so_o that_o when_o pompey_n horse_n have_v repulse_v caesar_n which_o they_o can_v not_o do_v without_o put_v themselves_o into_o disorder_n they_o meet_v with_o this_o battalion_n which_o put_v they_o to_o a_o sudden_a stop_n and_o afterward_o to_o show_v their_o back_n and_o whole_o to_o abandon_v the_o left_a wing_n of_o pompey_n army_n by_o which_o mean_v cesar_n follow_v his_o advantage_n easy_o put_v all_o the_o rest_n to_o rout_n whereupon_o we_o ought_v to_o observe_v two_o thing_n the_o one_o that_o we_o ought_v never_o to_o hazard_v all_o our_o troop_n upon_o one_o only_a charge_n but_o make_v a_o reserve_n of_o the_o one_o to_o relieve_v the_o other_o and_o the_o other_o that_o we_o ought_v so_o well_o to_o observe_v the_o distance_n or_o intervall_n as_o well_o to_o the_o flank_n as_o the_o rear_n that_o the_o first_o troop_n happen_v to_o be_v reverse_v they_o reverse_v not_o those_o which_o shall_v relieve_v they_o but_o to_o leave_v they_o a_o convenient_a space_n to_o fall_v back_o and_o to_o rally_v themselves_o again_o in_o the_o rear_n if_o cesar_n know_v how_o to_o conquer_v he_o know_v better_o how_o to_o prosecute_v and_o make_v his_o benefit_n thereof_o but_o in_o none_o like_o to_o this_o of_o pharsalia_n where_o he_o content_v not_o himself_o to_o force_v the_o camp_n to_o besiege_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n on_o a_o hill_n whither_o they_o retire_v nor_o to_o pursue_v pompey_n person_n certain_a day_n journey_n but_o with_o three_o or_o four_o thousand_o man_n only_o follow_v he_o so_o close_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n that_o he_o find_v he_o dead_a in_o egypt_n where_o he_o arrive_v almost_o assoon_o as_o the_o other_o never_o give_v he_o leisure_n to_o recollect_v himself_o or_o reinforce_v his_o troop_n which_o serve_v to_o teach_v we_o to_o make_v use_n of_o occasion_n when_o it_o offer_v itself_o favourable_a unto_o we_o &_o not_o to_o defer_v that_o to_o another_o time_n which_o may_v be_v present_o execute_v for_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o world_n be_v subject_a to_o great_a revolution_n and_o the_o affair_n which_o cesar_n yet_o have_v after_o the_o death_n of_o pompey_n give_v we_o occasion_n enough_o to_o judge_v that_o if_o in_o imitation_n of_o many_o great_a personage_n he_o have_v gather_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o victory_n before_o they_o have_v be_v ripe_a or_o taste_v of_o repose_n before_o he_o have_v be_v secure_v he_o may_v full_o well_o have_v repent_v thereof_o of_o the_o alexandrine_n war_n write_v by_o aulus_n hircius_n or_o opius_n the_o four_o book_n assoon_o as_o cesar_n be_v arrive_v in_o alexandria_n with_o three_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o foot_n eight_o hundred_o horse_n ten_o rhodian_a galley_n and_o some_o ship_n of_o asia_n he_o understand_v of_o the_o death_n of_o pompey_n and_o upon_o the_o bad_a quarter_n he_o perceive_v be_v between_o the_o soldier_n of_o pompey_n and_o the_o people_n of_o the_o city_n he_o send_v for_o new_a legion_n into_o asia_n mean_a time_n he_o require_v to_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o testament_n of_o the_o late_a king_n ptolemee_n who_o have_v make_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n his_o executour_n and_o to_o this_o end_n ordain_v that_o ptolemee_n the_o elder_a son_n &_o cleopatra_n the_o elder_a daughter_n shall_v discharge_v their_o army_n &_o come_v to_o he_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o their_o right_n but_o ptolemee_n counsel_n do_v not_o approve_v of_o this_o way_n of_o accommodation_n and_o underhand_o send_v for_o his_o troop_n which_o be_v at_o pelusium_n under_o the_o command_n of_o achillas_n whereof_o cesar_n be_v advertise_v and_o that_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v intelligence_n with_o the_o say_v achillas_n he_o detein_v he_o and_o prepare_v for_o defence_n he_o give_v they_o the_o repulse_n at_o their_o first_o approach_n than_o canton_n himself_o in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o other_o part_n arsinoe_n the_o king_n second_o sister_n cause_v achillas_n to_o be_v slay_v put_v ganymedes_n into_o his_o place_n and_o possess_v herself_o of_o the_o authority_n who_o continue_v the_o former_a design_n put_v cesar_n to_o great_a extremity_n infect_v his_o fresh_a water_n which_o he_o ready_o remedy_v by_o dig_v great_a store_n of_o pit_n he_o also_o send_v for_o soldier_n ship_n and_o arm_n from_o all_o part_n and_o upon_o the_o news_n which_o he_o receive_v that_o the_o thirty_o seven_o legion_n with_o great_a provision_n of_o victual_n and_o arm_n be_v arrive_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n but_o can_v not_o get_v to_o he_o by_o reason_n of_o contrary_a wind_n he_o put_v himself_o alone_o into_o a_o ship_n take_v all_o his_o ship_n with_o his_o mariner_n only_o and_o put_v to_o sea_n in_o the_o very_a face_n of_o they_o the_o enemy_n know_v he_o to_o be_v without_o soldier_n assail_v he_o he_o beat_v they_o and_o without_o other_o relief_n get_v to_o his_o legion_n then_o return_v to_o alexandria_n this_o first_o conflict_n affright_v the_o alexandrian_n nevertheless_o they_o make_v their_o naval_a army_n strong_a than_o ever_o which_o cesar_n defeat_v the_o second_o time_n where_o euphranor_n captain_n of_o the_o rhodian_a galley_n behave_v himself_o very_o brave_o there_o be_v a_o isle_n before_o the_o haven_n of_o alexandria_n build_v and_o inhabit_v which_o shelter_v the_o town_n and_o be_v join_v to_o the_o city_n by_o the_o peer_n which_o be_v 900_o pace_n long_o and_o 60_o broad_a upon_o which_o there_o be_v two_o fort_n cesar_n think_v it_o necessary_a to_o take_v this_o isle_n that_o so_o he_o may_v have_v the_o sea_n at_o liberty_n he_o take_v it_o then_o take_v one_o of_o the_o fort_n of_o the_o peer_n but_o at_o the_o other_o he_o have_v a_o hot_a skirmish_n and_o be_v repulse_v with_o so_o great_a disorder_n as_o not_o be_v able_a to_o hinder_v the_o soldier_n from_o cast_v themselves_o aboard_o he_o save_v himself_o by_o swim_v rather_o then_o to_o perish_v the_o alexandrian_n astonish_v by_o these_o brunt_n betake_v they_o to_o their_o subtlety_n demand_v of_o cesar_n their_o king_n who_o deliver_v he_o to_o they_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o facilitate_v agreement_n while_o these_o thing_n be_v in_o agitation_n mithridates_n a_o pergamenian_a a_o man_n of_o high_a descent_n a_o great_a soldier_n of_o great_a valour_n and_o most_o faithful_a to_o cesar_n arrive_v to_o his_o relief_n with_o goodly_a force_n take_v pelusium_n in_o his_o way_n &_o come_v to_o pass_v the_o nile_n at_o a_o place_n call_v delta_n whereof_o ptolemee_n be_v advertise_v go_v in_o person_n to_o oppose_v he_o and_o cesar_n on_o the_o other_o side_n go_v to_o relieve_v mithridates_n who_o before_o the_o arrival_n of_o either_o of_o they_o have_v already_o encounter_v with_o and_o beat_a ptolemee_n force_n and_o cesar_n also_o before_o he_o can_v come_v to_o mithridates_n have_v defeat_v other_o after_o which_o he_o go_v and_o assault_v a_o small_a fort_n which_o be_v between_o his_o camp_n and_o that_o of_o ptolemee_n
bind_v to_o arm_v themselves_o according_a as_o their_o order_n require_v the_o five_o and_o last_o classis_fw-la as_o be_v too_o poor_a be_v exempt_a from_o go_v to_o the_o war_n nevertheless_o after_o that_o the_o roman_n make_v war_n by_o sea_n which_o be_v four_o hundred_o eighty_o nine_o year_n after_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o city_n they_o choose_v out_o the_o able_a of_o this_o five_o classis_fw-la to_o make_v they_o serve_v at_o sea_n and_o yet_o they_o oblige_v they_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n to_o serve_v twenty_o year_n among_o the_o land-force_n none_o can_v attein_v to_o the_o office_n of_o a_o civil_a magistrate_n in_o rome_n unless_o he_o have_v serve_v ten_o year_n in_o the_o war_n nor_o by_o that_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o any_o such_o office_n unless_o he_o be_v twenty_o seven_o year_n of_o age_n for_o at_o seventeen_o year_n of_o age_n they_o be_v enrol_v and_o then_o enter_v into_o the_o war_n and_o end_v their_o service_n at_o forty_o five_o year_n of_o age_n they_o be_v oblige_v during_o these_o twenty_o eight_o year_n to_o serve_v fifteen_o and_o when_o they_o have_v accomplish_v their_o service_n they_o be_v no_o more_o tie_v to_o take_v arm_n but_o only_o for_o the_o guard_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o city_n after_o that_o the_o king_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o rome_n they_o choose_v every_o year_n two_o consul_n in_o their_o stead_n then_o those_o consul_n choose_v twenty_o four_o military_a tribune_n but_o afterward_o the_o people_n will_v choose_v they_o fourteen_o of_o they_o be_v to_o have_v serve_v already_o five_o year_n in_o the_o war_n and_o the_o other_o ten_o a_o long_a time_n namely_o in_o the_o infantry_n eleven_o year_n and_o in_o the_o cavalry_n fifteen_o year_n which_o show_v what_o esteem_n they_o have_v of_o their_o foot_n above_o their_o horse_n the_o consul_n every_o year_n call_v out_o of_o all_o the_o tribe_n such_o as_o be_v from_o seventeen_o year_n of_o age_n to_o forty_o five_o to_o the_o capitole_n or_o to_o campus_n martius_n and_o such_o as_o dd_v not_o there_o make_v their_o appearance_n be_v rigorous_o punish_v which_o be_v easy_o discover_v for_o by_o the_o ordinance_n of_o tullus_n hostilius_n they_o keep_v a_o register_n of_o all_o that_o be_v bear_v and_o that_o die_v now_o they_o of_o the_o territory_n be_v reckon_v into_o the_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n as_o well_o as_o they_o which_o dwell_v within_o the_o city_n they_o always_o choose_v four_o legion_n two_o for_o each_o consul_n sometime_o they_o levy_v more_o but_o very_o seldom_o and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o necessity_n of_o their_o affair_n and_o even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hannibal_n they_o have_v twenty_o three_o legion_n and_o yet_o every_o consul_n have_v but_o two_o the_o rest_n be_v command_v by_o praetor_n proconsul_n and_o other_o officer_n but_o after_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n grow_v more_o powerful_a and_o their_o law_n grow_v weak_a there_o have_v be_v under_o cesar_n in_o the_o war_n of_o gallia_n ten_o legion_n before_o they_o proceed_v to_o election_n of_o their_o soldier_n they_o divide_v the_o twenty_o four_o tribune_n among_o the_o 4._o legion_n namely_o of_o the_o fourteen_o young_a of_o they_o they_o give_v four_o to_o the_o first_o legion_n three_o to_o the_o second_o four_o to_o the_o three_o and_o three_o to_o the_o four_o and_o of_o the_o ten_o elder_a they_o give_v two_o to_o the_o first_o three_o to_o the_o second_o two_o to_o the_o three_o and_o three_o to_o the_o four_o by_o this_o mean_n there_o be_v six_o military_a tribune_n for_o every_o legion_n and_o in_o every_o one_o both_o old_a and_o young_a one_o the_o tribune_n be_v thus_o disparted_a and_o divide_v into_o four_o part_n the_o tribe_n be_v draw_v by_o lot_n and_o of_o the_o first_o they_o choose_v four_o man_n of_o a_o like_a quality_n as_o near_o as_o can_v be_v of_o these_o four_o the_o six_o tribune_n of_o the_o first_o legion_n choose_v one_o the_o six_o of_o the_o second_o choose_v the_o second_o the_o six_o of_o the_o three_o the_o three_o and_o the_o six_o of_o the_o four_o have_v the_o four_o man_n then_o they_o choose_v four_o more_o whereof_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o second_o legion_n begin_v to_o choose_v the_o first_o they_o of_o the_o three_o the_o second_o they_o of_o the_o four_o the_o three_o and_o they_o of_o the_o first_o legion_n take_v the_o four_o man_n which_o be_v leave_v and_o so_o successive_o they_o make_v their_o choâ—ce_n throughout_o all_o the_o tribe_n insomuch_o that_o by_o this_o choice_n the_o soldier_n of_o the_o first_o legion_n have_v no_o advantage_n over_o those_o of_o the_o last_o but_o be_v all_o equal_o form_v after_o the_o election_n thus_o make_v of_o the_o infantry_n the_o censor_n elect_v the_o cavalry_n concern_v the_o number_n of_o soldier_n of_o every_o legion_n it_o have_v differ_v at_o divers_a time_n for_o the_o infantry_n it_o have_v be_v 3000_o 3200_o 4000_o 4200_o 5000_o 5200_o 6000_o 6200_o always_o follow_v that_o proportion_n of_o number_n for_o the_o convenience_n which_o they_o find_v in_o it_o for_o the_o ready_a divide_v they_o and_o form_v of_o their_o maniple_n century_n and_o cohortes_n so_o in_o their_o cavalry_n it_o have_v be_v at_o divers_a time_n 200_o 220_o 250_o 300_o 320_o 330_o 350_o and_o 400._o the_o election_n be_v thus_o make_v the_o tribune_n of_o every_o legion_n make_v they_o take_v the_o oath_n one_o by_o one_o hold_v up_o their_o right_a hand_n and_o raise_v up_o the_o thumb_n of_o that_o hand_n to_o obey_v and_o perform_v whatsoever_o shall_v be_v command_v they_o by_o theiâ—_n superior_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o consul_n command_v the_o magistrate_n of_o italy_n to_o make_v their_o election_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n among_o the_o ally_n of_o the_o roman_n among_o which_o there_o be_v choose_v a_o like_a number_n of_o infantry_n and_o double_a the_o number_n of_o cavalry_n so_o that_o in_o a_o consular_a army_n there_o must_v be_v four_o legion_n two_o roman_a and_o two_o auxiliar_o that_o do_v they_o be_v suffer_v to_o depart_v have_v a_o set_a day_n give_v they_o to_o meet_v at_o a_o place_n appoint_v without_o arm_n where_o the_o tribune_n choose_v the_o young_a and_o the_o poor_a to_o be_v velite_n the_o next_o to_o be_v hastati_fw-la the_o more_o vigorous_a to_o be_v principes_fw-la and_o the_o elder_a sort_n to_o be_v triarii_n then_o they_o be_v arm_v and_o therein_o they_o sometime_o vary_v but_o most_o usual_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o velite_n be_v a_o morion_n a_o small_a target_n dart_n and_o a_o sword_n their_o archer_n and_o slinger_n be_v call_v extraordinary_a and_o be_v auxiliar_o the_o hastati_fw-la bare_a target_n of_o four_o foot_n high_a a_o head-piece_n and_o a_o small_a breast_n of_o the_o cuirace_n the_o rich_a sort_n of_o they_o bear_v the_o whole_a cuirace_n a_o sword_n on_o the_o right_a thigh_n be_v short_a broad_a and_o sharp-pointed_a and_o cut_v on_o both_o side_n and_o two_o dart_n to_o cast_v the_o principes_fw-la and_o triarii_fw-la bear_v the_o like_a arm_n only_o the_o triarii_n in_o stead_n of_o dart_n have_v javelin_n concern_v the_o cavalry_n that_o be_v but_o ill_o arm_v at_o the_o beginning_n but_o it_o learn_v of_o the_o grecian_n afterward_o to_o be_v arm_v with_o a_o cuirace_n a_o buckler_n and_o a_o casting-javelin_n the_o ally_n aswell_o horse_n as_o foot_n be_v arm_v and_o discipline_v as_o the_o roman_n beside_o the_o four_o body_n of_o velite_n hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_fw-la the_o ancient_a author_n also_o make_v mention_n of_o tirones_fw-la rorarii_fw-la and_o accenses_n all_o which_o be_v young_a soldier_n either_o roman_n or_o auxiliar_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n fight_v not_o but_o with_o casting-weapon_n and_o in_o effect_n there_o be_v no_o other_o body_n of_o the_o infantry_n among_o the_o roman_n but_o of_o those_o three_o order_n the_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n for_o even_o the_o velite_n have_v no_o body_n apart_o by_o themselves_o be_v both_o in_o the_o order_n of_o batallion_n as_o also_o in_o the_o encamp_n intermix_a among_o the_o other_o three_o order_n and_o begin_v not_o to_o be_v employ_v by_o the_o roman_n but_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o capua_n the_o election_n be_v make_v the_o soldier_n arm_v and_o the_o order_n form_v the_o tribune_n separate_v every_o order_n by_o century_n or_o cohort_n than_o make_v two_o election_n of_o ten_o man_n apiece_o they_o of_o the_o first_o be_v the_o more_o honourable_a assist_v at_o the_o counsel_n of_o war_n and_o be_v as_o the_o captain_n of_o our_o time_n they_o of_o the_o second_o represent_v our_o lieutenant_n indeed_o all_o of_o they_o be_v call_v centurion_n but_o they_o of_o the_o first_o election_n be_v call_v first_o centurion_n and_o the_o other_o second_o centurion_n
which_o be_v with_o he_o the_o small_a number_n of_o soldier_n which_o he_o have_v in_o his_o camp_n as_o yet_o not_o in_o good_a defence_n embolden_v those_o people_n to_o revolt_v hope_v that_o they_o shall_v at_o the_o first_o assault_n defeat_v he_o for_o it_o be_v insupportable_a unto_o they_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v their_o child_n in_o hostage_n and_o they_o fear_v also_o that_o the_o roman_n will_v annex_v those_o place_n to_o provence_n which_o be_v near_o at_o hand_n so_o that_o he_o see_v himself_o assault_v on_o all_o part_n before_o he_o have_v leisure_n to_o understand_v the_o danger_n he_o be_v in_o and_o find_v his_o affair_n in_o great_a extremity_n have_v neither_o victual_n to_o subsist_v nor_o man_n to_o make_v a_o long_a resistance_n despair_v make_v he_o follow_v the_o counsel_n of_o publ_n us_o sextius_n baculus_fw-la first_fw-mi centurion_n of_o that_o cohort_n tribunus_n tribunus_n and_o of_o caius_n volusenus_n colonel_n of_o a_o thousand_o man_n which_o be_v to_o sally_v out_o from_o all_o part_n upon_o the_o enemy_n which_o they_o do_v so_o violent_o that_o they_o which_o think_v they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o in_o their_o trench_n defeat_v they_o in_o open_a field_n that_o do_v he_o make_v use_v of_o their_o discomfiture_n to_o retire_v his_o legion_n into_o a_o place_n of_o safety_n but_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o four_o war_n be_v this_o publius_n crassus_n one_o of_o caesar_n lieutenant_n have_v send_v divers_a tribune_n to_o make_v provision_n of_o corn_n necessary_a for_o the_o feed_n of_o his_o army_n into_o the_o country_n of_o perch_n cornoaille_n and_o vannes_n veneti_n vaelli_n curiosilitae_n veneti_n they_o retain_v they_o contrary_a to_o public_a faith_n in_o hope_n thereby_o to_o recover_v their_o hostage_n by_o this_o example_n their_o neighbour_n do_v the_o like_a and_o all_o send_v word_n to_o crassus_n that_o they_o will_v not_o deliver_v they_o up_o unless_o he_o restore_v their_o hostage_n cesar_n have_v hear_v of_o this_o combination_n prepare_v diligent_o for_o a_o war_n true_o consider_v that_o if_o he_o suffer_v this_o he_o shall_v open_v a_o gap_n to_o a_o general_a revolt_n for_o he_o well_o know_v the_o readiness_n of_o the_o french_a to_o take_v arm_n love_v their_o liberty_n and_o abhor_a servitude_n he_o provide_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o hinder_v the_o increase_n of_o the_o league_n to_o this_o end_n he_o send_v labienus_n into_o the_o country_n of_o trier_n with_o the_o cavalry_n trevori_fw-la trevori_fw-la give_v he_o order_n to_o visit_v those_o of_o rheims_n and_o the_o belgae_n aquitania_n aquitania_n publius_n crassus_n into_o gascongne_n with_o 12_o legionarie_a ensign_n and_o good_a store_n of_o horse_n quintus_fw-la titurius_n sabinus_n with_o 3._o legion_n into_o perch_n allencon_n and_o lysieux_n lexobii_n lexobii_n give_v the_o command_n at_o sea_n to_o d._n brutus_n &_o himself_o with_o the_o land-force_n resolve_v to_o charge_v those_o of_o vannes_n the_o chief_a cause_n of_o this_o war_n their_o country_n be_v maritime_a of_o difficult_a approach_n and_o strong_a in_o ship_v insomuch_o that_o when_o with_o much_o labour_n he_o have_v bring_v a_o place_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o be_v take_v the_o inhabitant_n embark_v themselves_o with_o their_o good_n and_o remove_v to_o another_o so_o that_o what_o he_o do_v be_v little_a worth_n until_o his_o navy_n be_v arrive_v he_o give_v they_o battle_n and_o defeat_v they_o after_o which_o they_o yield_v themselves_o to_o cesar_n who_o put_v to_o death_n all_o the_o senate_n and_o cause_v the_o people_n to_o be_v sell_v at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o lieutenant_n which_o cesar_n have_v distribute_v among_o the_o gaul_n have_v their_o hand_n full_a q._n titurius_n sabinus_n be_v set_v upon_o by_o viridonix_n commander_n of_o several_a nation_n with_o strong_a force_n but_o by_o his_o patience_n and_o subtlety_n he_o draw_v he_o on_o to_o assault_v he_o in_o his_o camp_n and_o overcome_v he_o which_o reassure_v all_o that_o country_n p._n crassus_n on_o the_o guyenne_n side_n defeat_v the_o sontiate_n besiege_v they_o in_o their_o city_n and_o take_v it_o after_o capitulation_n adcantuannus_n their_o governor_n make_v a_o sally_n with_o six_o hundred_o of_o his_o trusty_a soldier_n and_o attempt_v to_o master_v the_o roman_a camp_n but_o be_v repulse_v crassus_n nevertheless_o hold_v himself_o to_o the_o capitulation_n before_o agree_v upon_o during_o the_o time_n of_o this_o siege_n the_o people_n of_o spain_n and_o gascongne_n about_o the_o pyrenean_n hill_n make_v a_o league_n together_o and_o choose_v their_o commander_n out_o of_o those_o captain_n which_o have_v be_v train_v under_o sertorius_n crassus_n assault_v they_o they_o entrench_v and_o cut_v off_o his_o victual_n in_o so_o much_o that_o he_o be_v constrain_v to_o fight_v with_o they_o within_o their_o trench_n wherein_o as_o good_a luck_n serve_v he_o find_v some_o defect_n by_o mean_n of_o which_o he_o defeat_v they_o this_o victory_n cause_v all_o that_o people_n to_o submit_v cesar_n see_v none_o in_o arm_n but_o only_o those_o of_o terovenne_n and_o gueldres_n menapii_n moriâ—i_fw-la menapii_n though_o the_o summer_n be_v far_o spend_v march_v thither_o where_o he_o find_v a_o new_a way_n of_o war_a the_o people_n hold_v themselves_o within_o he_o go_v to_o find_v they_o out_o and_o be_v near_o approach_v as_o he_o be_v fortify_v his_o camp_n they_o assault_v he_o and_o be_v repulse_v after_o which_o cesar_n advance_v into_o the_o forest_n itself_o cause_v the_o tree_n to_o be_v cut_v down_o and_o make_v use_v of_o they_o in_o stead_n of_o a_o rampart_n and_o by_o a_o incredible_a labour_n and_o diligence_n he_o be_v already_o advance_v to_o the_o place_n where_o they_o keep_v all_o their_o cattle_n and_o last_o baggage_n but_o the_o season_n grow_v so_o stormy_a and_o wet_a that_o he_o be_v constrain_v to_o draw_v his_o army_n into_o their_o wintergarrison_n observation_n so_o end_v this_o war_n where_o we_o will_v observe_v first_o the_o profitablenesse_n of_o the_o intrenchment_n of_o camp_n which_o in_o entire_a country_n serve_v for_o a_o bridle_n as_o citadel_n to_o city_n the_o roman_n have_v never_o be_v able_a to_o have_v hold_v so_o many_o conquer_a state_n under_o their_o obedience_n but_o only_o by_o that_o mean_n for_o army_n garrison_v in_o sever_v all_o town_n may_v by_o be_v so_o separate_v be_v defeat_v total_o or_o in_o part_n by_o conspiracy_n beside_o the_o delicacy_n of_o city_n do_v overthrow_v all_o military_a discipline_n and_o abase_v all_o generous_a courage_n howsoever_o if_o there_o be_v more_o fortress_n than_o can_v well_o be_v maintain_v you_o must_v demolish_v they_o to_o the_o end_n that_o nothing_o may_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o army_n which_o be_v always_o in_o a_o entire_a body_n oppose_v itself_o against_o all_o combine_n of_o conspirator_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o not_o only_o for_o the_o keep_n relief_n out_o of_o a_o conquer_a province_n but_o also_o for_o the_o conservation_n of_o your_o country_n against_o great_a force_n than_o your_o own_o give_v order_n that_o there_o be_v no_o want_n of_o victual_n it_o be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o entrench_v strong_o for_o whosoever_o put_v himself_o whole_o upon_o the_o defensive_a and_o shut_v himself_o up_o in_o wall_a town_n must_v in_o time_n necessary_o perish_v unless_o he_o receive_v foreign_a relief_n for_o that_o by_o two_o or_o three_o year_n spoil_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o champain_n the_o city_n must_v of_o necessity_n starve_v and_o thereby_o know_v your_o inability_n to_o preserve_v they_o so_o that_o they_o will_v rather_o yield_v to_o your_o enemy_n then_o perish_v in_o the_o second_o place_n we_o will_v consider_v how_o crassus_n be_v put_v to_o it_o when_o he_o have_v to_o do_v with_o commander_n which_o have_v be_v train_v under_o sertorius_n and_o which_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n can_v make_v benefit_n of_o the_o advantage_n of_o ground_n fortify_v their_o camp_n and_o cut_v off_o their_o enemy_n victual_n for_o by_o such_o a_o manner_n of_o war_a they_o have_v bring_v the_o say_a crassus_n to_o such_o a_o pass_n that_o he_o be_v constrain_v to_o assault_v their_o camp_n which_o albeit_o he_o force_v whether_o by_o have_v better_a soldier_n or_o by_o find_v some_o part_n of_o it_o ill_o fortify_v yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o he_o undertake_v that_o task_n out_o of_o despair_n rather_o than_o judgement_n as_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o perish_v for_o want_v of_o victual_n we_o will_v further_o observe_v that_o cesar_n in_o all_o these_o action_n by_o no_o diversity_n of_o make_v war_n be_v ever_o astonish_v whether_o he_o be_v assault_v in_o open_a field_n or_o in_o his_o camp_n whether_o surprise_v or_o whether_o his_o enemy_n retire_v into_o place_n inaccessible_a always_o find_v they_o out_o
drape_n be_v assault_v and_o take_v in_o his_o camp_n after_o this_o he_o real_o form_v the_o siege_n whither_o cesar_n come_v in_o person_n who_o find_v mean_n to_o hinder_v they_o from_o water_n so_o that_o this_o poor_a people_n yield_v themselves_o to_o his_o discretion_n with_o who_o he_o deal_v rigorous_o cause_v their_o hand_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o which_o have_v bear_v arm_n which_o so_o go_v to_o the_o heart_n of_o drape_n than_o their_o prisoner_n as_o that_o he_o wilful_o starve_v himself_o and_o a_o few_o day_n after_o luterius_fw-la be_v take_v and_o bring_v to_o cesar_n at_o the_o same_o time_n labienus_n defeat_v those_o of_o trier_n and_o the_o german_n and_o take_v all_o their_o commander_n after_o so_o many_o happy_a victory_n of_o cesar_n obtain_v by_o himself_o or_o his_o lieutenant_n he_o finish_v that_o summer_n by_o visit_v the_o town_n of_o gallia_n the_o better_a to_o assure_v his_o conquest_n especial_o in_o gasconie_n where_o he_o have_v be_v but_o little_a and_o disperse_v his_o army_n compose_v of_o ten_o legion_n into_o such_o place_n as_o he_o conceive_v most_o advantageous_a which_o serve_v he_o for_o a_o strong_a support_n to_o maintain_v himself_o in_o the_o civil_a broil_n of_o his_o native_a country_n which_o he_o be_v go_v into_o observation_n some_o attribute_n the_o so_o frequent_a revolt_n of_o the_o gaul_n to_o their_o changeable_a and_o impatient_a humour_n which_o can_v endure_v to_o be_v lord_v over_o by_o stranger_n and_o other_o to_o the_o too_o great_a clemency_n of_o cesar_n i_o grant_v that_o clemency_n apt_a to_o pardon_n embolden_v to_o revolt_v for_o that_o we_o easy_o forget_v all_o benefit_n which_o do_v not_o entire_o establish_v our_o liberty_n but_o if_o cruelty_n cause_v they_o less_o frequent_a yet_o it_o render_v they_o more_o dangerous_a for_o that_o when_o despair_n drive_v man_n thereunto_o and_o that_o the_o hope_n of_o safety_n rest_v only_o in_o victory_n the_o revolt_a become_v all_o valiant_a obstinate_a constant_a and_o faithful_a to_o the_o end_n which_o never_o fall_v out_o where_o there_o be_v hope_n of_o the_o enemy_n clemency_n we_o have_v here_o plentiful_a example_n thereof_o cesar_n in_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o gaul_n have_v often_o find_v great_a facility_n to_o reduce_v they_o to_o his_o obedience_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o clemency_n which_o have_v be_v a_o powerful_a mean_n for_o he_o to_o make_v division_n among_o themselves_o and_o to_o prevent_v obstinacy_n in_o their_o revolt_n and_o if_o sometime_o it_o have_v so_o happen_v that_o he_o have_v use_v severity_n it_o have_v be_v occasion_v by_o fowl_n and_o unworthy_a act_n as_o when_o they_o of_o vannes_n under_o public_a faith_n imprison_v the_o roman_a officer_n which_o come_v to_o they_o to_o buy_v corn_n for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o the_o army_n but_o i_o can_v excuse_v that_o of_o cadenac_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n execute_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o alba_n drive_v poor_a fisherman_n so_o into_o despair_n that_o they_o have_v shake_v off_o his_o insupportable_a yoke_n and_o with_o a_o admirable_a constancy_n have_v maintain_v and_o enrich_v themselves_o and_o be_v grow_v so_o potent_a as_o that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v he_o by_o land_n and_o by_o sea_n take_v from_o he_o his_o treasure_n in_o the_o indies_n cesar_n show_v we_o also_o by_o â—â—s_o care_v and_o industry_n to_o get_v intelligence_n of_o the_o enemy_n proceed_n whither_o by_o take_v prisoner_n in_o the_o field_n or_o by_o have_v good_a spy_n the_o advantage_n which_o may_v be_v make_v thereof_o many_o of_o his_o successful_a design_n have_v be_v found_v thereupon_o there_o be_v great_a advantage_n in_o the_o attempt_v they_o for_o that_o he_o which_o assail_v have_v more_o courage_n than_o he_o which_o be_v assail_v and_o always_o believe_v the_o assaliant_a to_o be_v the_o strong_a not_o know_v what_o part_n he_o will_v assail_v and_o ever_o jealous_a that_o he_o have_v some_o secret_a intelligence_n brief_o all_o that_o a_o well_o exercise_v and_o well_o discipline_v army_n be_v able_a to_o do_v in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v to_o defend_v itself_o but_o where_o be_v new-levied_n soldier_n fall_v out_o great_a disorder_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n he_o take_v so_o much_o care_n to_o fortify_v his_o camp_n very_o strong_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v defend_v it_o &_o all_o his_o baggage_n with_o a_o few_o man_n &_o may_v without_o danger_n execute_v many_o brave_a design_n be_v always_o assure_v of_o his_o retreat_n let_v we_o further_o take_v view_n of_o the_o siege_n of_o cadenaci_n which_o cesar_n judge_v to_o be_v impregnable_a by_o force_n and_o know_v it_o to_o be_v well_o provide_v of_o corn_n undertake_v by_o a_o great_a and_o dangerous_a labour_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o water_n which_o be_v from_o a_o fountain_n without_o the_o town_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v only_o supply_v which_o the_o besieged_a perceive_v have_v set_v fire_n on_o caesar_n work_n by_o a_o sally_n they_o hinder_v he_o from_o quench_v it_o cesar_n not_o be_v able_a to_o repulse_v they_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n resolve_v to_o make_v a_o assault_n upon_o the_o town_n which_o apprehension_n cause_v they_o to_o retreat_n the_o abbridgement_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o caesar_n commentary_n the_o i._o book_n the_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n between_o pompey_n and_o cesar_n be_v because_o the_o one_o will_v have_v no_o companion_n and_o the_o other_o can_v not_o endure_v a_o superior_a but_o that_o which_o appear_v be_v the_o refusal_n make_v to_o cesar_n of_o admit_v his_o solicitation_n for_o the_o consulship_n be_v absent_a though_o it_o have_v be_v promise_v he_o or_o else_o because_o they_o will_v have_v he_o alone_o disarm_v and_o that_o they_o which_o be_v his_o declare_a enemy_n shall_v continue_v still_o arm_v a_o force_a resolution_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o commons_o insomuch_o that_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n be_v constrain_v to_o quit_v the_o city_n and_o to_o go_v find_v out_o cesar_n who_o take_v occasion_n by_o the_o forelock_n of_o his_o private_a cause_n he_o make_v a_o public_a declare_v to_o his_o soldier_n that_o he_o be_v not_o in_o arm_n to_o other_o purpose_n but_o to_o restore_v the_o people_n now_o oppress_v by_o the_o senate_n to_o their_o liberty_n and_o have_v well_o encourage_v they_o thereupon_o he_o depart_v from_o rimini_n ariminum_n ariminum_n which_o be_v yet_o part_n of_o his_o government_n and_o possess_v himself_o of_o all_o the_o march_n of_o ancona_n which_o cause_v a_o great_a astonishment_n at_o rome_n pompey_n and_o the_o consul_n forsake_v the_o city_n and_o dare_v not_o gather_v their_o gross_a near_a than_o capua_n mean_v time_n cesar_n continue_v his_o march_n besiege_v domitius_n aenobarbus_n within_o corfinium_n who_o with_o all_o the_o senator_n which_o accompany_v he_o be_v deliver_v unto_o he_o by_o his_o own_o soldier_n which_o adhere_v to_o caesar_n party_n he_o give_v leave_v to_o domitius_n and_o the_o senator_n to_o dispose_v of_o themselves_o where_o they_o please_v cause_v all_o to_o be_v restore_v that_o belong_v unto_o they_o follow_v his_o design_n he_o besiege_v pompey_n in_o brundisium_n who_o unwilling_a to_o sustain_v the_o siege_n cross_v the_o sea_n with_o his_o army_n which_o he_o can_v not_o do_v but_o at_o two_o time_n for_o want_v of_o ship_v yet_o use_v he_o much_o art_n and_o precaution_n to_o conceal_v his_o retreat_n from_o cesar_n and_o to_o prevent_v those_o of_o brundisium_n from_o give_v mean_n to_o his_o enemy_n to_o entrap_v he_o cesar_n not_o be_v able_a to_o follow_v he_o for_o want_n of_o vessel_n send_v valerius_n into_o the_o island_n of_o sardinia_n and_o curio_n into_o that_o of_o sicilia_n cotta_n abandon_v the_o one_o and_z cato_z the_o other_o complain_v that_o pompey_n have_v very_o inconsiderate_o embark_v they_o in_o this_o war_n and_o so_o go_v into_o africa_n mean_a while_n cesar_n come_v to_o rome_n justifi_v his_o action_n and_o offer_v to_o condescend_v to_o a_o reasonable_a peace_n but_o see_v that_o his_o enemy_n protract_v time_n he_o pass_v into_o gallia_n to_o strengthen_v his_o army_n with_o gaul_n mâ—ssitia_fw-la mâ—ssitia_fw-la marseilles_n refuse_v he_o entrance_n he_o besiege_v it_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n send_v c._n fabius_n to_o possess_v himself_o of_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o pyrenean_n mountain_n which_o he_o do_v brave_o then_o approach_v to_o petreius_n and_o afranius_n which_o have_v their_o camp_n below_o ilerda_n and_o encamp_v on_o the_o river_n segre_n sicoris_n sicoris_n where_o he_o make_v two_o bridge_n at_o first_o there_o pass_v only_o slight_a skirmish_n between_o they_o until_o that_o two_o of_o fabius_n his_o legion_n be_v go_v to_o forage_v
by_o that_o bridge_n which_o be_v further_a from_o the_o camp_n it_o happen_v to_o break_v whereof_o the_o enemy_n be_v advertise_v they_o go_v with_o four_o legion_n and_o all_o their_o cavalry_n to_o give_v on_o upon_o they_o but_o be_v retreat_v to_o a_o hill_n of_o advantage_n and_o fabius_n misdeem_v something_o go_v to_o relieve_v they_o deliver_v they_o out_o of_o that_o danger_n while_o these_o thing_n be_v a_o do_v cesar_n have_v leave_v c._n trebonius_n lieutenant_n general_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o marseilles_n and_o d._n brutus_n commander_n of_o his_o naval_a army_n arrive_v in_o his_o camp_n where_o be_v he_o will_v encamp_v himself_o between_o ilerda_n and_o his_o enemy_n camp_n buâ—_n after_o a_o long_a fight_n whereof_o either_o of_o they_o make_v advantage_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o retreat_v into_o their_o camp_n present_o after_o the_o continual_a rain_n carry_v away_o both_o these_o bridge_n and_o make_v the_o river_n altogether_o unpassable_a which_o drive_v he_o to_o extreme_a necessity_n not_o be_v able_a to_o supply_v himself_o with_o victual_n nor_o receive_v those_o new_a force_n which_o come_v to_o he_o out_o of_o gallia_n nor_o repair_v his_o bridge_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o hindrance_n which_o his_o enemy_n give_v he_o which_o be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n at_o last_o he_o cause_v boat_n to_o be_v make_v and_o while_o the_o pompeian_n busy_v themselves_o to_o entrap_v certain_a gaul_n which_o come_v to_o join_v with_o he_o he_o carry_v boat_n on_o wagon_n twenty_o mile_n from_o his_o camp_n put_v they_o into_o the_o river_n cause_v some_o soldier_n to_o pass_v over_o to_o the_o other_o side_n and_o without_o lose_v time_n convey_v thither_o two_o legion_n more_o by_o favour_n whereof_o he_o make_v his_o bridge_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n recover_v his_o way_n and_o safe_a passage_n for_o his_o victual_n and_o receive_v those_o troop_n which_o come_v to_o relieve_v he_o this_o action_n reassure_v his_o army_n astonish_v the_o enemy_n and_o give_v so_o much_o reputation_n to_o his_o affair_n with_o the_o news_n which_o he_o receive_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o brutus_n have_v defeat_v the_o marseillian_o at_o sea_n that_o five_o good_a city_n yield_v themselves_o and_o divers_a other_o come_v to_o parley_v but_o follow_v this_o good_a success_n he_o make_v divers_a trench_n to_o cut_v off_o the_o water_n from_o his_o enemy_n camp_n and_o to_o make_v the_o segre_n fordable_a afranius_n and_o petreius_n fear_v the_o prosperity_n of_o his_o design_n resolve_v to_o gain_n octogesa_n site_v upon_o the_o river_n iberus_n whither_o they_o have_v beforehand_o send_v to_o have_v a_o bridge_n make_v to_o this_o end_n they_o depart_v at_o midnight_n cesar_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v pursue_v by_o his_o cavalry_n which_o he_o make_v to_o ford_n over_o because_o his_o bridge_n be_v a_o great_a way_n off_o afterward_o leave_v his_o baggage_n within_o his_o camp_n he_o follow_v with_o his_o infantry_n and_o pursue_v they_o so_o hot_o that_o he_o overthrow_v their_o design_n hinder_v they_o from_o go_v whither_o they_o intend_v and_o return_v from_o whence_o they_o come_v insomuch_o that_o he_o drive_v they_o into_o such_o extremity_n of_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n that_o without_o strike_v one_o blow_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o yield_v themselves_o to_o his_o mercy_n he_o dismiss_v they_o all_o and_o win_v they_o by_o incredible_a courtesy_n never_o use_v elsewhere_o towards_o enemy_n thus_o he_o remain_v master_n of_o spain_n send_v away_o his_o enemy_n lade_v with_o disgrace_n and_o also_o with_o obligation_n to_o publish_v though_o unwilling_o his_o clemency_n and_o valour_n observation_n it_o be_v a_o most_o dangerous_a thing_n for_o a_o people_n a_o general_n of_o a_o army_n or_o a_o army_n itself_o to_o be_v surprise_v with_o fear_n for_o that_o it_o be_v always_o second_v with_o perverse_a and_o ruinous_a accident_n which_o all_o leader_n and_o commander_n of_o army_n ought_v to_o foresee_v and_o careful_o to_o prevent_v there_o be_v three_o not_o able_a example_n in_o this_o book_n on_o this_o subject_n the_o first_o when_o cesar_n pass_v the_o rubicon_n for_o before_o that_o they_o declare_v he_o enemy_n to_o the_o weal-public_a pompey_n undertake_v with_o a_o stamp_n with_o his_o foot_n to_o raise_v a_o army_n to_o he_o that_o at_o his_o approach_n caesar_n own_o soldier_n shall_v deliver_v their_o general_n into_o his_o hand_n neither_o do_v he_o think_v he_o worthy_a consideration_n such_o as_o dare_v but_o name_n cesar_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o rome_n brief_o he_o be_v proceed_v against_o as_o a_o criminal_a offender_n notwithstanding_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v but_o set_v the_o first_o step_n to_o declare_v the_o war_n and_o though_o he_o do_v the_o same_o at_o pezaro_n which_o he_o do_v at_o rimini_n have_v not_o the_o four_o part_n of_o his_o army_n every_o man_n be_v amaze_v pompey_n and_o the_o consul_n betake_v they_o to_o their_o heel_n the_o care_n of_o levy_v of_o soldier_n be_v cast_v aside_o and_o rome_n itself_o abandon_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o great_a change_n proceed_v from_o this_o that_o pompey_n never_o imagine_v that_o cesar_n dare_v have_v undertake_v so_o high_a a_o design_n ground_v upon_o a_o presumption_n which_o his_o virtue_n and_o good_a fortune_n have_v add_v unto_o he_o which_o make_v he_o rather_o thoughtful_a how_o to_o maintain_v his_o party_n in_o the_o city_n then_o provide_v for_o defence_n thereof_o insomuch_o that_o when_o he_o see_v thing_n go_v otherwise_o then_o he_o have_v publish_v he_o stand_v amaze_v it_o be_v therefore_o no_o great_a wonder_n if_o a_o ignorant_a people_n which_o take_v assurance_n or_o fear_n from_o the_o good_a or_o bad_a countenance_n of_o he_o into_o who_o protection_n they_o have_v deliver_v themselves_o do_v the_o like_a whereupon_o i_o will_v say_v that_o in_o affair_n of_o such_o importance_n we_o ought_v in_o imitation_n of_o cesar_n before_o we_o enter_v into_o they_o to_o consider_v mature_o the_o worst_a that_o can_v befall_v so_o that_o evil_a success_n dismay_v we_o not_o but_o when_o we_o be_v embark_v we_o must_v not_o check_v at_o whatsoever_o happen_v but_o with_o constancy_n go_v on_o to_o the_o end_n the_o second_o example_n be_v when_o domitius_n aenobarbus_n be_v out_o of_o hope_n of_o be_v relieve_v by_o pompey_n take_v a_o resolution_n to_o save_v himself_o within_o corfinium_n where_o he_o be_v besiege_v but_o for_o that_o his_o countenance_n be_v sad_a than_o usual_a his_o speech_n less_o resolute_a than_o the_o time_n require_v and_o by_o some_o neglect_n of_o the_o necessary_a work_n for_o the_o common_a defence_n he_o discover_v to_o his_o soldier_n that_o which_o he_o will_v have_v conceal_v from_o they_o so_o that_o prevent_v his_o flight_n they_o deliver_v he_o unto_o cesar_n it_o be_v a_o fair_a lesson_n for_o a_o commander_n to_o teach_v he_o that_o in_o great_a danger_n he_o ought_v to_o show_v most_o resolution_n for_o his_o soldier_n become_v courageous_a or_o fearful_a according_a to_o that_o they_o observe_v in_o his_o countenance_n the_o three_o be_v when_o cesar_n discover_v the_o fear_n of_o afranius_n and_o petreius_n soldier_n in_o that_o they_o second_v not_o each_o other_o that_o they_o scarce_o have_v receive_v the_o brunt_n of_o the_o cavalry_n but_o their_o ensign_n be_v all_o on_o a_o heap_n that_o they_o make_v not_o good_a their_o rank_n nor_o distance_n and_o that_o they_o stir_v not_o from_o the_o field_n of_o battle_n where_o they_o can_v not_o subsist_v for_o want_v of_o water_n and_o howsoever_o in_o these_o time_n army_n approach_v not_o so_o near_o each_o other_o as_o then_o they_o do_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o canon_n nevertheless_o experiment_a captain_n will_v make_v profitable_a use_n of_o such_o judgement_n i_o have_v see_v henry_n the_o great_a chase_n eight_o hundred_o horse_n with_o less_o than_o two_o hundred_o judge_v they_o will_v not_o dare_v to_o combat_v he_o because_o of_o their_o confusion_n and_o not_o observe_v distanceâ—_n which_o fall_v out_o as_o he_o have_v foretell_v it_o and_o howsoever_o to_o retreat_v from_o a_o besiege_a city_n by_o a_o port_n of_o the_o sea_n seem_v to_o be_v no_o very_o hard_a matter_n nevertheless_o the_o precaution_n which_o pompey_n use_v to_o retire_v himself_o into_o brundisium_n be_v that_o which_o save_v he_o for_o have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o people_n which_o he_o abandon_v and_o a_o enemy_n vigilant_a he_o have_v be_v lose_v if_o he_o have_v not_o wall_v up_o the_o gate_n and_o barricado_v up_o all_o the_o entry_n into_o brundisium_n except_o only_o two_o which_o be_v covert_a enough_o by_o which_o his_o man_n issue_v to_o the_o haven_n because_o when_o his_o last_o man_n depart_v from_o the_o wall_n the_o inhabitant_n at_o the_o