contain_v 44_o year_n chap._n vii_o from_o the_o death_n of_o servius_n tullius_n to_o the_o banishment_n of_o tarqvinius_n superbus_n the_o seven_o king_n of_o rome_n which_o cause_v the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o regal_a state_n contain_v 25_o year_n book_n ii_o the_o consular_a state_n of_o rome_n from_o the_o beginning_n of_o that_o government_n to_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o by_o the_o first_o triumvirate_n contain_v the_o space_n of_o 449_o year_n chap._n i._o from_o the_o banishment_n of_o the_o last_o king_n to_o the_o first_o dictator_n which_o be_v the_o first_o intermission_n of_o the_o consular_a power_n contain_v 10_o year_n chap._n ii_o from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o first_o dictator_n to_o the_o great_a retrenchment_n of_o the_o consular_a power_n by_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n contain_v 5_o year_n chap._n iii_o from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n to_o the_o second_o intermission_n of_o the_o consular_a power_n by_o the_o decemviri_fw-la contain_v 42_o year_n chap._n iu._n from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o decemviri_fw-la to_o the_o three_o intermission_n of_o the_o consular_a power_n by_o the_o military_a tribune_n contain_v 8_o year_n chap._n v._o from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o military_a tribune_n to_o the_o burn_v of_o rome_n by_o the_o gaul_n which_o almost_o ruine_v the_o roman_a nation_n contain_v 54_o year_n chap._n vi_o from_o the_o burn_a of_o rome_n by_o the_o gaul_n to_o the_o war_n with_o the_o samnite_n when_o the_o roman_n begin_v much_o to_o extend_v their_o conquest_n contain_v 46_o year_n chap._n vii_o from_o the_o first_o war_n with_o the_o samnite_n to_o the_o war_n with_o pyrrhus_n king_n of_o epirus_n the_o first_o foreigner_n they_o have_v to_o deal_v with_o wherein_o the_o roman_n begin_v to_o learn_v the_o art_n of_o war_n contain_v 63_o year_n chap._n viii_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o war_n with_o pyrrhus_n to_o the_o first_o punic_a or_o carthaginian_a war_n when_o the_o roman_n first_o set_v foot_n out_o of_o italy_n contain_v 16_o year_n chap._n ix_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o first_o punic_a war_n to_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o the_o roman_n now_o grow_v powerful_a by_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o by_o land_n contain_v 17_o year_n chap._n x._o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n to_o the_o finish_n of_o it_o by_o scipio_n africanus_n when_o the_o roman_n become_v perfect_a in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n containiny_o 17_o year_n chap._n xi_o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o and_o the_o destruction_n of_o carthage_n when_o rome_n get_v clear_a of_o all_o her_o rival_n state_n contain_v 55_o year_n chap._n xii_o from_o the_o destruction_n of_o carthage_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o sedition_n of_o the_o gracchi_n which_o much_o shake_v the_o government_n and_o be_v the_o first_o step_v to_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n contain_v 23_o year_n chap._n xiii_o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o sedition_n of_o the_o gracchi_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o civil_a war_n in_o italy_n and_o to_o the_o perpetual_a dictatorship_n of_o sylla_n which_o be_v the_o second_o great_a step_n to_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n contain_v 41_o year_n chap._n fourteen_o from_o the_o perpetual_a dictatorship_n of_o sylla_n to_o the_o first_o triumvirate_n namely_o caesar_n pompey_n and_o crassus_n which_o prove_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n and_o be_v the_o first_o step_v to_o the_o set_n up_o of_o the_o imperial_a contain_v 22_o year_n book_n iii_o the_o mix_v state_n of_o rome_n from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o first_o triumvirate_n to_o the_o perfect_a settlement_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n contain_v the_o space_n of_o 33_o year_n chap._n i._o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o first_o triumvirate_n to_o the_o death_n of_o crassus_n one_o of_o the_o combination_n which_o break_v and_o divide_v that_o party_n contain_v 7_o year_n chap._n ii_o from_o the_o death_n of_o crassus_n to_o the_o death_n of_o pompey_n which_o make_v way_n for_o caesar_n absolute_a authority_n and_o be_v the_o second_o step_v to_o the_o imperial_a state_n contain_v above_o 5_o year_n chap._n iii_o from_o the_o death_n of_o pompey_n to_o the_o death_n of_o caesar_n which_o finish_v the_o first_o triumvirate_n but_o still_o keep_v down_o the_o consular_a state_n contain_v 4_o year_n chap._n iu._n from_o the_o death_n of_o caesar_n to_o the_o defeat_v and_o death_n of_o brutus_n and_o cassius_n by_o the_o second_o triumvirate_n octavius_n anthony_n and_o lepidus_z which_o ruine_v the_o remain_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n contain_v above_o 2_o year_n chap._n v._o from_o the_o death_n of_o brutus_n and_o cassius_n to_o the_o banishment_n of_o lepidus_n which_o vary_v the_o course_n of_o the_o triumvirate_n power_n contain_v 6_o year_n chap._n vi_o from_o the_o banishment_n of_o lepidus_n to_o the_o death_n of_o anthony_n which_o make_v way_n for_o octavius_n absolute_a authority_n and_o be_v the_o last_o step_v to_o the_o imperial_a state_n contain_v 6_o year_n chap._n vii_o from_o the_o death_n of_o anthony_n to_o the_o perfect_a settlement_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o octavius_n which_o end_v all_o disturbance_n and_o bring_v rome_n to_o its_o utmost_a glory_n contain_v 3_o year_n the_o roman_a history_n book_n i._n the_o regal_a state_n of_o rome_n from_o the_o building_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o overthrow_n of_o that_o kind_a of_o government_n contain_v the_o space_n of_o 245_o year_n the_o introduction_n of_o the_o original_a of_o rome_n and_o its_o inhabitant_n i._o in_o relate_v such_o great_a and_o remarkable_a affair_n as_o those_o of_o the_o roman_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o give_v some_o account_n of_o the_o original_a of_o that_o people_n and_o to_o make_v the_o account_n as_o clear_v and_o intelligible_a as_o i_o can_v it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o first_o to_o observe_v that_o that_o country_n which_o be_v ancient_o call_v italy_n of_o which_o rome_n be_v afterward_o the_o chief_a city_n do_v not_o contain_v above_o one_o half_a of_o what_o now_o go_v by_o that_o name_n but_o as_o small_a as_o it_o be_v it_o contain_v many_o distinct_a nation_n and_o people_n the_o principal_a of_o which_o be_v the_o aborigines_n sabines_n etrurians_n or_o tuscan_n umbri_n samnite_n campani_a apulii_n calabri_n lucanii_fw-la and_o brutii_n and_o other_o of_o inferior_a note_n which_o be_v often_o dependent_a on_o these_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o what_o be_v now_o call_v italy_n that_o be_v principal_o possess_v by_o the_o gaul_n who_o have_v drive_v out_o the_o etrurians_n and_o settle_v themselves_o in_o these_o part_n be_v distinguish_v into_o several_a name_n as_o the_o senones_n the_o insubres_n etc._n etc._n this_o part_n go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o gallia_n cis-alpina_a and_o togata_fw-la to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o that_o gaul_n which_o be_v now_o call_v france_n and_o be_v almost_o the_o same_o with_o the_o present_a lombardy_n the_o chief_a inhabitant_n of_o it_o beside_o the_o several_a nation_n of_o the_o gaul_n be_v the_o ligures_n and_o the_o veneti_n of_o all_o the_o forementioned_a people_n the_o aborigines_n afterward_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o latin_n be_v of_o principal_a note_n not_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o particular_a excellency_n but_o as_o be_v better_o know_v and_o much_o more_o inquire_v after_o by_o all_o historian_n these_o be_v of_o the_o posterity_n of_o the_o oenotrian_o a_o grecian_a people_n of_o arcadia_n who_o have_v drive_v out_o the_o siculi_n the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n of_o italy_n they_o possess_v the_o country_n of_o latium_n ãâã_d a_o small_a country_n along_o the_o river_n tiber_n about_o 30_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o 16_o in_o breadth_n contain_v near_o a_o four_o part_n of_o that_o little_a province_n in_o the_o pope_n dominion_n now_o call_v campagna-di-roma_a we_o find_v these_o govern_v by_o their_o own_o king_n nigh_o 200_o year_n before_o the_o destruction_n of_o troy_n and_o above_o 1300_o before_o christ_n the_o first_o king_n we_o hear_v of_o in_o italy_n or_o in_o all_o europe_n except_o greece_n these_o king_n keep_v their_o court_n at_o laurentum_n a_o city_n about_o 5_o mile_n off_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n tiber_n and_o be_v governor_n of_o a_o mix_a people_n for_o first_o some_o pelasgian_o out_o of_o thessaly_n settle_v among_o they_o soon_o after_o saturn_n from_o crect_n who_o flee_v from_o his_o son_n jupiter_n which_o occasion_v their_o change_n of_o their_o name_n to_o latin_n latini_n à _fw-la latendo_fw-la from_o his_o lie_v hide_v there_o next_o evander_n from_o arcadia_n than_o hercules_n from_o greece_n with_o their_o several_a follower_n but_o the_o last_o who_o settle_v in_o this_o country_n according_a to_o dionysius_n be_v some_o
all_o other_o he_o âad_v he_o farewell_o and_o tell_v his_o subject_n that_o by_o their_o strict_a exercise_n of_o temperance_n and_o fortitude_n no_o human_a power_n shall_v ever_o withstand_v the_o roman_a arm_n and_o he_o will_v always_o be_v a_o propitious_a god_n to_o they_o under_o the_o name_n of_o quirinus_n quirinus_n the_o day_n in_o which_o he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v take_v up_o be_v keep_v after_o that_o as_o a_o great_a holiday_n and_o a_o temple_n be_v build_v in_o honour_n of_o he_o on_o one_o of_o the_o seven_o hill_n from_o he_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o quirinalis_n he_o reign_v 37_o year_n in_o which_o space_n he_o very_o much_o advance_v the_o state_n of_o the_o city_n leave_v in_o it_o 46000_o foot_n and_o 1000_o horse_n a_o happy_a increase_n for_o so_o short_a a_o time_n after_o his_o grandfather_n numitor_n decease_n the_o kingdom_n of_o alba_n fall_v to_o he_o which_o he_o govern_v by_o deputy_n and_o the_o more_o to_o please_v that_o people_n he_o allow_v they_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o free-state_n which_o probable_o occasion_v the_o senate_n to_o bear_v his_o encroachment_n the_o worse_o so_o now_o the_o roman_a dominion_n consist_v of_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o sabine_n country_n a_o small_a part_n of_o hetruria_n and_o a_o mix_v part_n of_o latium_n chap._n ii_o from_o the_o death_n of_o romulus_n to_o the_o death_n of_o numa_n pompilius_n the_o second_o king_n of_o rome_n contain_v the_o space_n of_o 44_o year_n i._o romulus_n be_v dead_a 38._o or_o as_o some_o be_v please_v to_o believe_v take_v up_o the_o city_n be_v great_o divide_v about_o the_o election_n of_o another_o king_n but_o lest_o these_o discord_n shall_v occasion_v anarchy_n and_o confusion_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o senate_n agree_v to_o divide_v themselves_o into_o decury_n or_o ten_o and_o that_o decury_n which_o be_v choose_v by_o lot_n shall_v exercise_v the_o regal_a authority_n for_o fifty_o day_n each_o man_n govern_v in_o his_o turn_v five_o day_n the_o authority_n then_o fall_v to_o another_o decury_n interrex_n and_o this_o they_o call_v a_o inter-regnum_fw-la this_o government_n continue_v a_o whole_a year_n till_o the_o people_n at_o last_o begin_v to_o murmur_v say_v it_o be_v a_o trick_n of_o some_o few_o who_o intend_v to_o get_v the_o power_n into_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o that_o for_o one_o pretend_a tyrant_n they_o have_v now_o get_v 200_o real_a one_o therefore_o they_o resolve_v that_o a_o king_n shall_v be_v choose_v in_o the_o election_n great_a contest_v arise_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o sabine_n each_o believe_v it_o reasonable_a to_o have_v one_o of_o their_o own_o country_n till_o at_o length_n they_o come_v to_o this_o conclusion_n that_o the_o party_n which_o elect_v shall_v choose_v one_o out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o other_o so_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o elect_a prince_n may_v be_v oblige_v to_o favour_v both_o party_n one_o for_o their_o vote_n and_o the_o other_o for_o their_o alliance_n it_o fall_v to_o the_o roman_n to_o choose_v the_o patritian_n fix_v upon_o numa_n pompilius_n a_o sabine_a a_o person_n of_o about_o forty_o year_n of_o age_n who_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n be_v elect_v king_n numa_n then_o reside_v at_o cure_n be_v a_o person_n of_o the_o great_a virtue_n knowledge_n and_o ability_n of_o that_o time_n and_o have_v withdraw_v himself_o from_o the_o noise_n and_o trouble_n of_o the_o world_n therefore_o ambassador_n one_o a_o roman_a and_o the_o other_o a_o sabine_a be_v dispatch_v to_o he_o to_o offer_v he_o the_o kingdom_n the_o ambassador_n find_v he_o with_o his_o father_n and_o kinsman_n marcius_n by_o their_o speaker_n proculus_n and_o valesus_n tell_v he_o the_o occasion_n of_o their_o come_n to_o who_o the_o elect_a king_n make_v this_o philosophical_a and_o modest_a answer_n since_o every_o alteration_n of_o a_o man_n life_n be_v general_o hazardous_a in_o the_o attempt_n as_o well_o as_o dangerous_a in_o the_o consequence_n it_o will_v be_v the_o high_a indiscretion_n for_o one_o who_o in_o his_o own_o opinion_n be_v sufficient_o happy_a to_o endeavour_v or_o admit_v of_o any_o change_n though_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o in_o it_o than_o the_o prefer_v a_o turbulent_a and_o uncertain_a life_n before_o a_o constant_a quiet_a and_o certain_a security_n for_o my_o part_n roman_n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o that_o i_o be_o not_o only_o discourage_v but_o even_o deter_v from_o accept_v your_o generous_a offer_n even_o by_o what_o be_v common_o report_v of_o your_o famous_a romulus_n who_o be_v not_o only_o suspect_v of_o contrive_v tatius_n death_n but_o be_v likewise_o suppose_v to_o fall_v himself_o by_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o if_o romulus_n himself_o spring_v as_o they_o say_v from_o divine_a race_n miraculous_o preserve_v and_o as_o miraculous_o bring_v up_o labour_v under_o such_o vast_a inconvenience_n how_o successful_a can_v i_o hope_v to_o be_v beget_v by_o a_o mere_a mortal_a and_o bring_v up_o the_o ordinary_a way_n when_o i_o come_v to_o struggle_v with_o such_o insuperable_a difficulty_n beside_o you_o much_o mistake_v your_o person_n as_o well_o as_o forget_v your_o interest_n and_o glory_n when_o you_o think_v i_o can_v be_v any_o way_n serviceable_a to_o you_o for_o my_o temper_n natural_o lead_v i_o to_o peace_n to_o book_n and_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o god_n but_o you_o roman_n require_v a_o vigorous_a and_o active_a king_n who_o may_v diligent_o cherish_v that_o warlike_a humour_n which_o your_o late_a success_n have_v excite_v and_o therefore_o such_o a_o prince_n as_o shall_v come_v to_o inculcate_v peace_n justice_n and_o religion_n into_o the_o mind_n of_o a_o martial_a nation_n must_v of_o necessity_n appear_v not_o only_o strange_a and_o ridiculous_a to_o the_o world_n but_o also_o mean_a and_o despicable_a to_o his_o subject_n the_o roman_n be_v much_o surprise_v at_o this_o answer_n but_o still_o be_v very_o urgent_a with_o he_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o which_o they_o be_v not_o a_o little_a assist_v by_o his_o father_n and_o marcius_n who_o return_v he_o this_o reply_n though_o you_o remain_v content_v with_o your_o present_a fortune_n and_o court_v neither_o riches_n nor_o power_n yet_o you_o may_v reasonable_o imagine_v that_o such_o large_a talent_n of_o justice_n moderation_n and_o piety_n be_v never_o give_v you_o by_o the_o god_n to_o lie_v useless_a and_o conceal_v and_o you_o be_v sensible_a these_o be_v virtue_n that_o can_v never_o have_v a_o great_a influence_n upon_o mankind_n than_o when_o they_o so_o public_o appear_v in_o the_o person_n of_o a_o king_n tatius_n though_o a_o foreigner_n be_v high_o esteem_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o memory_n of_o romulus_n be_v so_o precious_a to_o they_o that_o after_o his_o decease_n they_o vote_v he_o divine_a honour_n and_o if_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o people_n shall_v break_v out_o into_o a_o furious_a desire_n of_o war_n what_o can_v better_a manage_v the_o reins_o of_o that_o passion_n than_o such_o a_o moderate_a hand_n as_o you_o and_o who_o know_v but_o that_o the_o people_n be_v ever_o victorious_a may_v be_v satiate_v with_o the_o spoil_n and_o trophy_n they_o have_v gain_v and_o glad_o entertain_v a_o mild_a and_o peaceful_a prince_n who_o be_v a_o lover_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n may_v settle_v the_o city_n in_o a_o strong_a and_o inseparable_a union_n and_o in_o a_o sure_a and_o last_a happiness_n these_o reason_n and_o persuasion_n together_o with_o the_o ambassador_n entreaty_n at_o last_o prevail_v upon_o numa_n to_o accept_v of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o after_o a_o solemn_a sacrifice_n he_o go_v for_o rome_n he_o be_v meet_v by_o the_o way_n by_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n who_o with_o a_o general_a consent_n invest_v he_o with_o the_o regal_a authority_n and_o so_o universal_a be_v the_o joy_n that_o they_o seem_v not_o so_o much_o to_o receive_v a_o king_n as_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o new_a kingdom_n ii_o numa_n be_v a_o person_n of_o extraordinary_a wisdom_n and_o policy_n 40._o as_o well_o as_o devotion_n think_v it_o most_o convenient_a to_o raise_v and_o strengthen_v that_o city_n by_o wholesome_a law_n and_o religious_a custom_n which_o have_v be_v found_v upon_o war_n and_o bloodshed_n judge_v it_o as_o necessary_a to_o employ_v a_o people_n well_o at_o home_n as_o to_o exercise_v they_o abroad_o the_o first_o thing_n he_o do_v be_v to_o disband_v the_o royal_a guard_n of_o the_o 300_o celeres_fw-la lest_o the_o maintenance_n of_o such_o a_o force_n may_v seem_v to_o argue_v a_o diffidence_n of_o they_o that_o choose_v he_o say_v that_o he_o will_v not_o rule_v over_o that_o people_n of_o who_o he_o conceive_v the_o least_o distrust_n janus_n next_o he_o build_v a_o temple_n to_o janus_n which_o be_v always_o to_o stand_v
mouth_n of_o the_o river_n tiber_n he_o build_v a_o town_n call_v ostia_n nigh_o ten_o mile_n south_n of_o rome_n to_o secure_v the_o advantage_n of_o trade_n to_o his_o subject_n for_o thither_o commodity_n be_v bring_v by_o ship_n be_v in_o lesser_a vessel_n convey_v up_o the_o tiber_n to_o this_o city_n and_o about_o this_o town_n many_o salt-pit_n be_v make_v this_o prince_n as_o well_o as_o his_o predecessor_n be_v very_o ready_a and_o careful_a to_o encourage_v stranger_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o frequent_a advancement_n of_o such_o and_o the_o great_a privilege_n they_o receive_v many_o come_v daily_o hither_o and_o often_o such_o as_o be_v of_o good_a note_n among_o these_o lucumon_a a_o hetrurian_a be_v one_o a_o person_n of_o great_a accomplishment_n as_o well_o as_o large_a possession_n who_o come_v hither_o from_o tarquinia_n in_o hetruria_n with_o his_o wife_n tanaquil_n and_o several_a follower_n he_o be_v son_n to_o demaratus_n a_o rich_a merchant_n of_o corinth_n 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with_o a_o mixture_n of_o sadness_n and_o amazement_n at_o the_o greatness_n as_o well_o as_o strangeness_n of_o the_o act_n but_o while_o they_o be_v lament_v over_o the_o dead_a body_n brutus_n catch_v at_o this_o opportunity_n now_o throw_v off_o his_o long_a disguise_n give_v they_o to_o understand_v how_o far_o different_a he_o be_v from_o the_o person_n they_o always_o take_v he_o for_o and_o further_o show_v they_o most_o manifest_a token_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o spirit_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o his_o policy_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o tear_n and_o lamentation_n can_v never_o he_o hear_v whilst_o vengeance_n cry_v so_o loud_o thereupon_o in_o a_o great_a rage_n go_v to_o the_o body_n and_o draw_v the_o bloody_a knife_n from_o out_o the_o wound_n swear_v by_o mars_n and_o all_o the_o celestial_a power_n above_o utter_o to_o exterminate_v tarquin_n with_o his_o impious_a wife_n and_o frâgeây_n to_o prosecute_v they_o and_o all_o their_o friend_n with_o the_o utmost_a rage_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o never_o after_o to_o suffer_v the_o tarquin_n or_o any_o other_o to_o reign_v in_o rome_n then_o he_o deliver_v the_o knife_n to_o the_o rest_n who_o all_o wonder_v at_o so_o extraordinary_a a_o change_n in_o brutus_n swear_v as_o he_o have_v do_v and_o turn_v their_o effeminate_a sorrow_n to_o a_o masculine_a fury_n they_o resolve_v to_o follow_v his_o instruction_n and_o extirpate_v kingly_a government_n brutus_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o can_v procure_v the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n to_o be_v shut_v that_o all_o may_v be_v keep_v secret_a from_o tarquin_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o people_n may_v be_v assemble_v the_o dead_a body_n expose_v and_o a_o public_a decree_n for_o tarquin_n banishment_n procure_v the_o senate_n be_v assemble_v all_o show_v their_o willingness_n to_o banish_v tarquin_n but_o at_o first_o have_v very_o different_a opinion_n concern_v the_o new_a model_n of_o the_o government_n which_o probable_o may_v make_v it_o a_o tedious_a business_n brutus_n represent_v to_o they_o the_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o a_o quick_a dispatch_n and_o immediate_o prescribe_v they_o a_o form_n of_o government_n show_v they_o that_o before_o tarquin_n violate_v his_o own_o and_o his_o predecessor_n oath_n rome_n have_v be_v happy_a and_o famous_a both_o for_o her_o act_n abroad_o and_o her_o constitution_n at_o home_n and_o that_o the_o regal_a power_n have_v at_o last_o be_v dangerous_a and_o almost_o destructive_a to_o the_o security_n of_o the_o state_n and_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v trust_v in_o one_o man_n hand_n but_o two_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v who_o shall_v govern_v with_o equal_a authority_n and_o command_n then_o because_o name_n alone_o be_v offensive_a to_o many_o people_n he_o think_v that_o of_o kingdom_n be_v to_o be_v leave_v off_o and_o the_o other_o of_o commonwealth_n to_o be_v assume_v and_o instead_o of_o the_o title_n of_o king_n and_o monarch_n some_o more_o modest_a and_o popular_a be_v to_o be_v invent_v as_o likewise_o be_v some_o of_o their_o ensign_n to_o be_v lay_v aside_o and_o other_o to_o be_v retain_v that_o the_o main_a and_o only_a thing_n to_o keep_v these_o magistrate_n in_o order_n be_v to_o prevent_v their_o perpetual_a power_n and_o if_o they_o be_v annual_a after_o the_o manner_n of_o athens_n each_o may_v learn_v both_o how_o to_o be_v subject_a and_o how_o to_o govern._n last_o that_o the_o name_n of_o king_n may_v not_o be_v whole_o lose_v the_o title_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o one_o who_o shall_v be_v call_v rex_fw-la sacrorum_fw-la sacrorum_fw-la who_o have_v this_o honour_n for_o life_n and_o immunity_n from_o warfare_n shall_v only_o concern_v himself_o with_o those_o religious_a rite_n which_o the_o king_n have_v charge_n of_o before_o the_o particular_n of_o this_o speech_n be_v all_o approve_v of_o by_o the_o senate_n who_o immediate_o issue_v out_o a_o decree_n for_o the_o king_n banishment_n in_o this_o form_n that_o the_o tarquinii_n shall_v be_v banish_v with_o all_o their_o offspring_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v capital_a for_o any_o one_o to_o speak_v or_o act_v for_o their_o return_n brutus_n have_v procure_v thus_o much_o the_o comitia_fw-la be_v immediate_o assemble_v by_o he_o and_o the_o body_n of_o lucretia_n all_o dismal_o bloody_a brought_z and_o set_v there_o for_o a_o pitiful_a spectacle_n to_o all_o the_o people_n there_o brutus_n to_o their_o great_a surprise_n discover_v himself_o tell_v they_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o long_a and_o strange_a dissimulation_n and_o the_o great_a occasion_n of_o their_o present_a meeting_n withal_o show_v they_o the_o senate_n decree_n then_o he_o fall_v to_o enumerate_v all_o the_o several_a crime_n and_o villainy_n of_o tarquin_n particular_o that_o he_o have_v poison_v his_o own_o brother_n strangle_v his_o wife_n murder_v his_o lawful_a sovereign_n and_o fill_v ditche_n and_o common-sewer_n with_o the_o â_z of_o the_o nobility_n that_o he_o come_v to_o the_o kingdom_n on_o usurper_n and_o continue_v in_o it_o a_o tyrant_n be_v treacherous_a to_o his_o great_a friend_n and_o barbarous_a to_o all_o mankind_n that_o his_o three_o son_n be_v of_o a_o temper_n as_o insolent_a and_o tyrannical_a as_o himself_o especial_o the_o elder_a of_o which_o they_o now_o have_v a_o sâd_n and_o doleful_a instance_n before_o their_o eye_n that_o since_o the_o king_n be_v absent_a and_o the_o patrician_n all_o resolve_v neither_o man_n mâney_n nor_o foreign_a aid_n shall_v be_v want_v to_o they_o have_v they_o but_o courage_n for_o the_o enterprise_n urge_v withal_o that_o it_o be_v a_o shame_n to_o think_v of_o command_v the_o volsci_n sabines_n and_o nation_n abroad_o and_o be_v slave_n to_o other_o at_o home_n and_o to_o maintain_v so_o many_o war_n to_o serve_v the_o ambitious_a end_n of_o a_o tyrant_n and_o not_o undertake_v one_o for_o their_o own_o liberty_n and_o that_o as_o for_o the_o army_n at_o the_o siege_n their_o own_o interest_n in_o all_o respect_n wâued_v oblige_v they_o to_o join_v in_o what_o ever_o be_v agree_v upon_o in_o the_o city_n the_o multitude_n transport_v with_o the_o hope_n of_o liberty_n and_o charm_v with_o the_o person_n and_o graceful_a behaviour_n of_o brutus_n with_o loud_a acclamation_n give_v their_o assent_n and_o immediate_o call_v for_o arms._n lucretius_n be_v appoint_v inter-rex_a for_o hold_v the_o comitia_fw-la who_o straight_o adjourn_v it_o to_o ãâã_d campus_n martius_n where_o magistrate_n be_v elect_v in_o their_o armour_n there_o he_o nominate_v brutus_n and_o ãâã_d to_o exercise_v the_o regal_a power_n as_o they_o before_o have_v agree_v on_o among_o themselves_o and_o the_o century_n confirm_v they_o by_o their_o suffrage_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n tarquin_n have_v hear_v something_o of_o these_o transaction_n come_v ride_v in_o all_o haste_n to_o the_o city_n with_o his_o son_n and_o some_o of_o âis_n most_o trusty_a friend_n to_o prevent_v the_o mischief_n that_o threaten_v he_o but_o find_v the_o gate_n fast_o shut_v and_o the_o wall_n full_a of_o arm_a man_n in_o great_a grief_n he_o return_v to_o the_o camp_n but_o brutus_n foresee_v his_o sudden_a come_v have_v industrious_o get_v before_o he_o to_o the_o army_n another_o way_n and_o acquaint_v they_o with_o the_o decree_n both_o of_o senate_n and_o people_n press_v they_o hard_o to_o a_o revolt_n immediate_o their_o suffrage_n be_v call_v over_o according_a to_o their_o century_n and_o they_o unanimous_o agree_v to_o do_v exact_o as_o their_o friend_n in_o the_o city_n have_v do_v so_o that_o when_o tarquin_n return_v they_o refuse_v to_o admit_v he_o thus_o frustrate_v of_o his_o hope_n he_o go_v to_o gabii_n or_o to_o caere_n in_o hetruria_n now_o greyheaded_n have_v reign_v 25_o year_n 245._o herminius_n and_o horatius_n chief_a commander_n of_o the_o army_n make_v a_o truce_n with_o the_o enemy_n for_o 15_o year_n and_o raise_v the_o siege_n before_o ardea_n return_v to_o rome_n with_o all_o their_o force_n iv._o such_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o regal_a state_n of_o rome_n 245_o year_n after_o the_o building_n of_o the_o city_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o the_o 68th_o olympiad_n a._n m._n 3496_o 31_o year_n after_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o babylonian_a empire_n and_o the_o set_n up_o of_o the_o persian_a 179_o before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o macedonian_a and_o 507_o before_o our_o saviour_n christ_n occasion_v by_o a_o man_n who_o know_v neither_o how_o to_o govern_v according_a to_o the_o law_n nor_o yet_o to_o reign_v against_o they_o the_o roman_a dominion_n now_o contain_v most_o of_o old_a latium_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o sabine_n country_n a_o considerable_a part_n of_o hetruria_n particular_o of_o the_o veientes_n caeretanes_n and_o tarquinii_n beside_o some_o small_a part_n of_o the_o volsci_n and_o aequi_n be_v much_o
get_v home_o they_o present_v themselves_o before_o poplicola_n but_o he_o fear_v the_o dangerous_a consequence_n such_o a_o act_n may_v occasion_v send_v they_o all_o back_n to_o porsena_n which_o tarquin_n understand_v lay_v a_o ambuscade_n for_o they_o and_o their_o convoy_n but_o they_o be_v rescue_v by_o aruns_n porsena_n son_n porsena_n examine_v they_o be_v so_o much_o take_v with_o the_o extraordinary_a courage_n and_o good_a behaviour_n of_o claelia_n present_v she_o with_o one_o of_o his_o own_o horse_n sumptuous_o equip_v and_o give_v her_o power_n of_o dispose_n of_o a_o set_a number_n of_o the_o hostage_n which_o she_o do_v with_o much_o discretion_n choose_v out_o the_o young_a as_o be_v less_o able_a to_o bear_v injury_n and_o hardship_n then_o to_o give_v a_o further_a testimony_n of_o his_o great_a respect_n to_o the_o roman_n beside_o other_o piece_n of_o magnificence_n he_o command_v all_o his_o soldier_n to_o leave_v the_o camp_n with_o only_a their_o arm_n deliver_v to_o the_o roman_n his_o tent_n well_o furnish_v with_o provision_n and_o riches_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o roman_n to_o show_v their_o gratitude_n and_o to_o preserve_v his_o memory_n erect_v a_o statue_n for_o he_o by_o the_o senate_n house_n and_o another_o to_o claelia_n as_o livy_n relate_v it_o which_o be_v a_o maid_n on_o horseback_n in_o the_o street_n call_v via_fw-la sacra_fw-la give_v likewise_o to_o mutius_n a_o field_n beyond_o the_o tiber_n afterward_o call_v mutia_n prata_n thus_o end_v the_o hetrurian_a war_n much_o to_o tarquin_n dissatisfaction_n and_o soon_o after_o herminius_n and_o lartius_n who_o have_v so_o brave_o defend_v the_o bridge_n be_v together_o choose_v consul_n iv._o a_o year_n or_o two_o after_o 249._o the_o sabine_n begin_v to_o be_v very_o troublesome_a make_v incursion_n into_o the_o roman_a territory_n m._n valerius_n be_v one_o of_o the_o consul_n by_o the_o instruction_n of_o his_o brother_n poplicola_n obtain_v great_a honour_n overthrow_v they_o twice_o the_o last_o time_n kill_v 13000_o with_o little_a or_o no_o loss_n to_o the_o roman_n beside_o his_o triumph_n he_o have_v the_o additional_a honour_n of_o a_o house_n build_v for_o he_o at_o the_o public_a charge_n the_o year_n follow_v when_o poplicola_n be_v consul_n the_o four_o time_n the_o whole_a nation_n of_o the_o sabine_n join_v in_o confederacy_n with_o the_o latin_n against_o rome_n but_o appius_n clausus_n a_o eminent_a man_n among_o the_o sabine_n for_o riches_n valour_n and_o eloquence_n be_v much_o against_o the_o war_n first_o retard_v their_o preparation_n then_o after_o a_o short_a time_n come_v over_o to_o the_o roman_n with_o 5000_o family_n of_o his_o friend_n and_o dependent_n these_o have_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o land_n and_o large_a privilege_n allow_v they_o beside_o their_o freedom_n especial_o clausus_n himself_o who_o be_v make_v also_o a_o senator_n and_o the_o clausâ_n afterward_o call_v claudii_n time_n become_v as_o great_a a_o family_n as_o any_o in_o rome_n soon_o after_o this_o the_o tribe_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n be_v increase_v from_o four_o to_o one_o and_o twenty_o and_o one_o of_o the_o four_o in_o the_o city_n be_v call_v tribus_fw-la claudia_n from_o the_o forementioned_a appius_n claudius_n and_o this_o remarkable_a change_n happen_v in_o the_o 250th_o year_n of_o this_o city_n but_o upon_o what_o account_n and_o by_o who_o mean_n it_o be_v effect_v historian_n be_v very_o silent_a the_o sabine_n have_v make_v all_o necessary_a preparation_n advance_v with_o all_o the_o troop_n to_o fidenae_n lay_v a_o ambuscade_n of_o 2000_o foot_n whereof_o poplicola_n have_v some_o notice_n by_o deserter_n he_o divide_v his_o force_n into_o three_o part_n and_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o mist_n fall_v upon_o the_o enemy_n on_o so_o many_o side_n that_o only_o the_o nigh_o distance_n of_o fidenae_n save_v they_o from_o be_v all_o cut_v off_o the_o roman_n obtain_v large_a plunder_n and_o poplicola_n a_o noble_a triumph_n not_o long_o after_o poplicola_n have_v end_v his_o consulship_n die_v and_o the_o people_n as_o well_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o poverty_n as_o to_o show_v their_o respect_n to_o so_o great_a and_o serviceable_a a_o person_n decree_v he_o shall_v be_v bury_v at_o the_o public_a charge_n and_o by_o a_o favour_n peculiar_a to_o that_o family_n alone_o within_o the_o city_n this_o be_v perform_v with_o a_o equal_a mixture_n of_o pomp_n and_o sorrow_n the_o woman_n by_o a_o general_a consent_n mourn_v for_o he_o a_o whole_a year_n as_o they_o have_v before_o do_v for_o brutus_n 251._o in_o the_o same_o year_n posthumius_fw-la and_o meneniâs_fw-la be_v consul_n the_o sabine_n once_o more_o draw_v together_o a_o numerous_a army_n march_v up_o almost_o to_o the_o wall_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o consul_n advance_v towards_o they_o posthumius_fw-la fall_v into_o a_o ambuscade_n lose_v many_o of_o his_o man_n and_o narrow_o escape_v himself_o which_o unfortunate_a disadvantage_n put_v the_o citizen_n into_o so_o great_a a_o consternation_n that_o they_o run_v back_o with_o all_o speed_n to_o their_o wall_n expect_v when_o the_o enemy_n shall_v attack_v the_o city_n but_o the_o enemy_n make_v no_o such_o attempt_n they_o march_v out_o again_o resolve_v to_o redeem_v their_o lose_a credit_n and_o posthumius_fw-la more_o concern_v than_o the_o rest_n behave_v himself_o noble_o and_o together_o with_o his_o colleague_n obtain_v a_o notable_a victory_n which_o have_v be_v finish_v with_o the_o entire_a ruin_n of_o the_o sabine_n have_v not_o the_o night_n interpose_v for_o the_o greatness_n of_o this_o victory_n the_o senate_n decree_v menenius_n a_o full_a triumph_n but_o posthumius_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o his_o ill_a success_n in_o the_o beginning_n have_v only_o a_o inferior_a one_o ovation_n which_o the_o roman_n call_v ovation_n so_o name_v from_o the_o letter_n o_o as_o it_o be_v say_v which_o the_o soldier_n in_o way_n of_o joy_n be_v wont_a to_o echo_v at_o their_o return_n from_o victory_n whereas_o in_o triumph_n they_o cry_v io_n triumph_n triumph_n now_o a_o ovation_n differ_v from_o a_o triumph_n proper_o so_o call_v in_o these_o particular_n namely_o that_o in_o a_o ovation_n the_o general_n enter_v the_o city_n on_o foot_n and_o not_o in_o a_o chariot_n that_o he_o be_v meet_v only_o by_o the_o knight_n and_o gentleman_n not_o by_o the_o senator_n in_o their_o robe_n that_o he_o himself_o have_v only_o the_o pretexta_fw-la toga_fw-la the_o ordinary_a habit_n of_o consul_n and_o praetor_n and_o not_o the_o robe_n interweave_v with_o gold_n and_o last_o that_o he_o have_v not_o a_o sceptre_n in_o his_o hand_n but_o have_v only_o laurel_n and_o a_o wreath_n of_o myrtle_n on_o his_o head_n 252._o the_o year_n follow_v cassius_z and_o virginius_n be_v consul_n the_o sabine_n receive_v another_o great_a overthrow_n at_o cure_n 10300_o be_v kill_v and_o 4000_o take_v prisoner_n which_o defeat_v force_v they_o to_o beg_v peace_n and_o purchase_v it_o with_o corn_n money_n and_o part_n of_o their_o land_n while_o cassius_n do_v this_o good_a service_n against_o the_o sabine_n his_o colleague_n virginius_n subdue_v the_o camarinaean_n who_o have_v revolt_v and_o have_v execute_v the_o ringleader_n he_o sell_v the_o rest_n and_o demolish_v the_o city_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o contest_v with_o the_o sabine_n for_o a_o while_n v._o tarquin_n still_o restless_a and_o unsatisfy_a 254._o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o mamilius_n octavius_n his_o son-in-law_n stir_v up_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o latin_n to_o declare_v war_n against_o rome_n and_o moreover_o have_v procure_v fidenae_n to_o revolt_v but_o the_o senate_n prudent_o decline_v make_v war_n with_o all_o the_o latin_n well_o know_v that_o many_o of_o they_o be_v rather_o incline_v to_o live_v in_o peace_n therefore_o at_o first_o they_o block_v up_o fidenae_n which_o have_v receive_v some_o of_o tarquin_n force_n 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have_v raise_v a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o man_n one_o night_n they_o draw_v out_o their_o troop_n from_o the_o city_n towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o pass_v the_o river_n before_o day_n unexpected_o fall_v upon_o they_o entire_o rout_v they_o and_o clear_v the_o hill_n they_o retire_v in_o great_a disorder_n to_o their_o own_o territory_n this_o campaign_n end_v menenius_n the_o last_o year_n consul_n be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n and_o severe_o fine_v for_o suffer_v the_o fabii_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o who_o the_o people_n so_o grateful_o esteem_v that_o they_o place_v the_o day_n of_o their_o defeat_n among_o their_o nefasti_fw-la or_o unlucky_a day_n whereon_o no_o work_n of_o great_a consequence_n be_v to_o be_v undertake_v the_o war_n be_v still_o carryâd_v on_o and_o within_o two_o year_n after_o the_o veientes_n be_v so_o overpower_a have_v be_v overthrow_v in_o battle_n together_o with_o their_o confederate_n the_o sabine_n and_o now_o close_o hem_v in_o that_o they_o beg_v 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offer_v to_o force_v one_o volero_n a_o turbulent_a fellow_n and_o former_o a_o officer_n to_o list_v himself_o for_o a_o common_a soldier_n and_o upon_o his_o refuse_v they_o order_v he_o to_o be_v strip_v and_o scourge_v but_o volero_n flee_v to_o the_o tribune_n who_o protect_v he_o and_o violent_o exclaim_v against_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o consul_n this_o divert_v the_o people_n from_o the_o thought_n of_o land_n and_o raise_v new_a quarrel_n concern_v privilege_n and_o liberty_n and_o the_o year_n after_o volero_n get_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o tribune_n himself_o the_o more_o to_o retrench_v the_o consular_a power_n propose_v a_o law_n for_o hold_v the_o assembly_n of_o tribe_n instead_o of_o that_o of_o the_o curiae_fw-la call_v comitia_fw-la curiata_fw-la which_o be_v so_o contrive_v as_o to_o take_v in_o great_a number_n and_o to_o give_v the_o commons_o much_o more_o privilege_n and_o power_n than_o former_o this_o proposal_n be_v much_o urge_v by_o the_o plebeians_n but_o so_o strong_o oppose_v by_o the_o patritian_n that_o volero_n can_v not_o accomplish_v his_o design_n before_o his_o time_n be_v expire_v the_o next_o year_n volero_n by_o his_o mighty_a promise_n procure_v himself_o to_o be_v make_v tribune_n a_o second_o time_n and_o the_o senate_n to_o balance_v he_o get_v appius_n claudius_n the_o son_n of_o appius_n now_o absent_a to_o be_v make_v consul_n though_o against_o his_o will_n and_o with_o he_o quintius_n capitâlinus_n who_o happen_v to_o be_v of_o a_o contrary_a temper_n appius_n in_o a_o public_a assembly_n oppose_v the_o common_n design_n so_o hot_o and_o violent_o and_o so_o sharp_o reprimand_v they_o for_o their_o rude_a action_n and_o seditious_a practice_n that_o the_o tribune_n saucy_o command_v he_o to_o depart_v the_o assembly_n and_o upon_o his_o refusal_n to_o be_v send_v to_o prison_n this_o piece_n of_o boldness_n be_v so_o surprise_v to_o the_o father_n that_o
all_o be_v ready_a to_o rise_v up_o in_o arm_n and_o the_o lictor_n be_v beat_v back_o that_o go_v to_o lay_v hand_n on_o he_o he_o be_v defend_v by_o a_o company_n of_o stout_a young_a man_n a_o unseemly_a contest_v ensue_v which_o beginning_n with_o rail_n and_o jostling_n proceed_v to_o blow_n and_o throw_v of_o stone_n but_o quintius_n the_o other_o consul_n by_o his_o entreaty_n and_o throw_v himself_o into_o the_o middle_a and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o grave_a senator_n prevent_v the_o tumult_n from_o proceed_v to_o any_o further_a inconvenience_n which_o be_v end_v short_o after_o by_o the_o night_n but_o all_o disturbance_n do_v not_o end_v here_o for_o within_o a_o few_o day_n after_o the_o tribune_n and_o the_o people_n seize_v on_o the_o capitol_n and_o there_o fortify_v themselves_o against_o the_o patritian_n this_o may_v have_v be_v of_o the_o most_o dangerous_a consequence_n have_v not_o quintius_n by_o his_o mild_a entreaty_n and_o fair_a promise_v persuade_v the_o tribune_n to_o refer_v this_o law_n to_o the_o senate_n discretion_n 282._o which_o after_o many_o long_a debate_n permit_v it_o to_o be_v put_v to_o the_o comitia_fw-la and_o so_o it_o be_v pass_v this_o be_v call_v the_o comitia_fw-la tributa_fw-la tributa_fw-la where_o all_o the_o free_a roman_n vote_v according_a to_o their_o tribe_n whereas_o in_o the_o comitia_fw-la curiata_fw-la none_o can_v vote_n but_o inhabitant_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o comitia_fw-la centuriata_fw-la the_o rich_a man_n have_v the_o advantage_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o number_n of_o century_n but_o in_o this_o comitia_fw-la tributa_fw-la there_o be_v no_o respect_n to_o either_o of_o these_o qualification_n but_o all_o free_a roman_n in_o or_o without_o the_o city_n poor_a or_o rich_a may_v have_v voice_n another_o difference_n between_o this_o and_o the_o curiata_fw-la comitia_fw-la be_v the_o place_n of_o assembly_n that_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o comitium_fw-la in_o the_o forum_n râmanum_n and_o that_o with_o the_o superstitious_a observation_n of_o bird_n call_v auspicia_fw-la but_o this_o tributa_fw-la be_v tie_v to_o no_o set_a place_n be_v assemble_v in_o a_o great_a many_o several_a without_o any_o observation_n of_o bird_n but_o the_o most_o material_a difference_n between_o these_o two_o comitia_n be_v this_o in_o the_o curiata_fw-la such_o thing_n be_v treat_v of_o and_o confirm_v by_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o curiae_fw-la as_o the_o senate_n have_v first_o decree_v but_o in_o the_o tributa_fw-la all_o thing_n be_v manage_v without_o any_o consult_v of_o the_o senate_n and_o be_v whole_o determine_v by_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o tribe_n gather_v apart_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v manage_v here_o be_v chief_o the_o choose_n of_o inferior_a magistrate_n as_o the_o tribune_n aediles_z priest_n etc._n etc._n make_v of_o those_o lawâ_n âalled_v plebiscita_fw-la or_o whatsoever_o shall_v concern_v the_o commons_o as_o alsâ_n the_o punishment_n of_o misdemeanour_n but_o not_o as_o to_o life_n and_o death_n and_o the_o make_v peace_n but_o not_o war._n this_o new_a law_n give_v the_o commons_o still_o more_o power_n and_o authority_n and_o make_v they_o still_o more_o bold_a and_o insolent_a to_o the_o danger_n of_o many_o a_o patrician_n and_o to_o the_o ruin_n of_o appius_n who_o ill_a success_n against_o the_o volsci_n this_o same_o year_n and_o âhis_v violent_a oppose_v the_o agrarian_a law_n the_o next_o make_v the_o tribune_n set_v he_o a_o day_n to_o answer_v for_o his_o life_n before_o the_o people_n which_o he_o prevent_v by_o kill_v himself_o vi_o still_o the_o roman_n have_v war_n with_o the_o aequi_n 284._o sabines_n and_o volsci_n and_o have_v general_o the_o advantage_n from_o the_o volsci_n be_v take_v antium_n a_o considerable_a city_n on_o the_o sea_n 28_o mile_n southeast_n of_o rome_n which_o they_o make_v a_o roman_a colony_n for_o nine_o year_n together_o none_o of_o these_o get_v any_o considerable_a advantage_n over_o the_o roman_n though_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o war_n there_o happen_v a_o most_o grievous_a plague_n in_o rome_n which_o sweep_v away_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o the_o slave_n a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o senator_n both_o the_o consul_n and_o most_o of_o the_o tribune_n the_o aequi_n and_o volsci_n be_v at_o last_o much_o weaken_v their_o territory_n great_o waste_v and_o lucretius_n and_o veturius_n the_o consul_n obtain_v one_o a_o triumph_n and_o the_o other_o a_o ovation_n over_o they_o the_o year_n after_o this_o and_o of_o the_o city_n 292_o volumnius_n and_o camerinus_n the_o consul_n have_v no_o action_n abroad_o employ_v themselves_o at_o home_n against_o the_o exorbitant_a power_n of_o the_o tribune_n who_o be_v now_o get_v to_o that_o height_n of_o boldness_n as_o to_o assert_v that_o the_o citizen_n ought_v all_o to_o have_v equal_a power_n in_o the_o government_n they_o likewise_o make_v great_a complaint_n that_o the_o roman_a law_n be_v yet_o unwritten_a and_o thereupon_o propose_v a_o law_n to_o have_v ten_o man_n choose_v in_o a_o lawful_a assembly_n to_o publish_v law_n both_o concern_v aâ_n private_a and_o public_a business_n the_o young_a patritian_n furious_o oppose_v their_o design_n cast_v the_o mean_a sort_n like_o slave_n out_o of_o the_o forum_n among_o these_o caeso_fw-la quintius_n the_o son_n of_o quintius_n cincinnatus_n be_v principal_a a_o person_n of_o great_a courage_n who_o the_o tribune_n resolve_v to_o make_v a_o example_n to_o all_o young_a man_n and_o therefore_o set_v he_o a_o day_n to_o answer_v for_o his_o life_n before_o the_o people_n which_o cause_v new_a stir_v and_o commotion_n caeso_fw-la be_v admit_v to_o bail_n flee_v into_o hetruria_n whereupon_o his_o father_n sell_v almost_o all_o his_o estate_n to_o reimburse_v the_o surety_n and_o then_o retreat_v to_o a_o small_a farm_n and_o a_o little_a cottage_n beyond_o the_o tiber_n live_v retire_v from_o the_o world_n laborious_o work_v for_o his_o live_n the_o tribune_n be_v much_o deceive_v in_o their_o expectation_n and_o the_o young_a patritian_n so_o hot_o oppose_v they_o that_o they_o can_v act_v nothing_o of_o consequence_n this_o consulship_n the_o next_o year_n the_o same_o tribune_n be_v choose_v again_o they_o cause_v various_a rumour_n to_o be_v spread_v abroad_o that_o many_o of_o the_o senator_n and_o patritian_n have_v form_v a_o plot_n and_o conspire_v to_o murder_n the_o tribune_n and_o ruin_n all_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o plebeian_n this_o contrivance_n be_v design_v to_o fright_v the_o senate_n into_o a_o compliance_n but_o have_v no_o other_o effect_n than_o the_o cause_v great_a tumult_n and_o disturbance_n among_o the_o commons_o these_o trouble_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o give_v occasion_n to_o herdonius_n 293._o a_o sabine_a with_o 4000_o man_n to_o seize_v on_o the_o capitol_n call_v in_o the_o slave_n to_o their_o liberty_n which_o put_v the_o whole_a city_n into_o a_o great_a consternation_n all_o be_v in_o a_o confusion_n valerius_n and_o claudius_n be_v then_o consul_n and_o the_o tribune_n persuade_v the_o multitude_n not_o to_o fight_v except_o the_o patritian_n will_v engage_v by_o oath_n to_o create_v ten_o man_n for_o make_v of_o law_n and_o suffer_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v equal_a privilege_n with_o they_o claudius_n will_v have_v whole_o slight_v their_o assistance_n but_o valerius_n find_v such_o press_a necessity_n for_o they_o promise_v upon_o oath_n to_o endeavour_v to_o satisfy_v the_o desire_n of_o the_o commons_o when_o the_o war_n be_v end_v whereupon_o claudius_n be_v appoint_v to_o look_v to_o the_o city_n and_o valerius_n valiant_o attack_v the_o capitol_n on_o all_o side_n and_o take_v it_o by_o storm_n but_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o life_n the_o slave_n be_v punish_v according_a to_o their_o desert_n and_o the_o rest_n make_v prisoner_n of_o war._n this_o war_n finish_v the_o tribune_n require_v claudius_n to_o make_v good_a the_o promise_n of_o his_o decease_a colleague_n but_o he_o allege_v he_o can_v do_v âothing_n himself_o and_o appoint_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o the_o choose_n a_o new_a consul_n the_o father_n the_o better_a to_o support_v their_o interest_n resolve_v upon_o quintius_n cincinnatus_n father_n to_o caeso_fw-la late_o flee_v and_o immediate_o send_v for_o he_o to_o the_o city_n the_o messenger_n find_v he_o hard_o at_o blow_n only_o in_o his_o truss_n and_o a_o cap_n on_o his_o head_n but_o be_v tell_v of_o their_o come_n by_o a_o viator_n that_o run_v before_o he_o present_v himself_o in_o a_o better_a habit._n be_v salute_v by_o the_o name_n of_o consul_n invest_v with_o purple_a honour_v by_o the_o fasces_fw-la and_o other_o ensign_n of_o magistracy_n he_o be_v desire_v to_o begin_v his_o journey_n but_o after_o a_o little_a pause_v he_o answer_v with_o tear_n then_o for_o this_o year_n my_o poor_a little_a field_n must_v go_v unsow_v and_o we_o shall_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o want_n
young_a man_n who_o jeer_v one_o another_o at_o first_o begin_v with_o rude_a and_o artless_a verse_n call_v versus_fw-la fescennini_n from_o fescânninum_fw-la a_o city_n of_o hetruria_n this_o be_v about_o 40_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o sophocles_n and_o euripides_n in_o greece_n still_o the_o plague_n continue_v which_o with_o the_o overflow_n of_o tiber_n make_v the_o roman_n consider_v of_o some_o other_o way_n and_o some_o of_o the_o elder_a people_n report_v that_o a_o pestilence_n be_v former_o assuage_v by_o the_o dictator_n drive_v of_o a_o nail_n the_o senate_n immediate_o create_v a_o dictator_n which_o be_v manlius_n capitolinus_n 391._o who_o appoint_v pinarius_n natta_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n this_o nail_n with_o great_a ceremony_n and_o superstition_n be_v drive_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o jupiter_n temple_n in_o the_o capitol_n just_a by_o that_o of_o minerva_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o dictator_n create_v upon_o this_o account_n the_o year_n follow_v the_o ground_n cleave_v asunder_o in_o the_o forum_n to_o a_o vast_a depth_n m._n curtius_n a_o brave_a young_a soldier_n be_v say_v to_o have_v ride_v into_o this_o gulf_n arm_v and_o with_o great_a solemnity_n and_o so_o be_v swallow_v up_o purchase_v the_o deliverance_n of_o his_o country_n according_a to_o the_o declaration_n of_o their_o go_n the_o same_o year_n the_o hernici_n be_v up_o in_o arm_n against_o rome_n genucius_n the_o plebeian_n consul_n march_v against_o they_o be_v slay_v and_o his_o army_n rout_v which_o threaten_v danger_n cause_v the_o senate_n to_o create_v a_o dictator_n 392._o which_o be_v claudius_n crassinus_n who_o make_v cornelius_n scipio_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o gain_v so_o much_o advantage_n over_o the_o enemy_n as_o to_o obtain_v a_o ovation_n within_o a_o year_n after_o the_o gaul_n be_v gather_v together_o in_o great_a number_n and_o have_v march_v within_o three_o mile_n of_o rome_n which_o put_v the_o city_n into_o such_o a_o consternation_n that_o according_a to_o their_o usual_a way_n in_o such_o case_n they_o create_v a_o dictator_n 393._o and_o this_o be_v quintius_n pennus_n who_o have_v cornelius_n maluginensis_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n the_o army_n be_v draw_v up_o on_o both_o side_n a_o gaul_n of_o vast_a bulk_n and_o stature_n challenge_v any_o of_o the_o roman_n to_o meet_v he_o in_o a_o single_a combat_n which_o challenge_n be_v accept_v of_o by_o t._n manlius_n a_o courageous_a young_a man_n who_o with_o great_a bravery_n and_o agility_n overthrow_v his_o mighty_a foe_n and_o slay_v he_o then_o take_v a_o torques_fw-la or_o golden_a chain_n from_o his_o neck_n return_v and_o be_v honourable_o receive_v by_o the_o dictator_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n have_v the_o surname_n of_o torquatus_n the_o gaul_n be_v so_o discourage_v at_o this_o action_n that_o they_o flee_v by_o night_n and_o retire_v into_o the_o tiburtine_n country_n a_o people_n of_o latium_n and_o the_o dictator_n return_v in_o triumph_n the_o war_n with_o the_o tiburtine_n and_o hernici_n give_v the_o gaul_n opportunity_n to_o do_v much_o injury_n to_o the_o roman_a territory_n which_o occasion_v the_o creation_n of_o another_o dictator_n which_o be_v servilius_n ahala_n 394._o who_o choose_v quintius_n capitolinus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o soon_o quell_v the_o gaul_n but_o paetileus_fw-la the_o consul_n who_o have_v be_v employ_v against_o the_o hernici_n happen_v to_o come_v off_o with_o the_o great_a honour_n in_o a_o year_n after_o peace_n be_v make_v with_o the_o latin_n which_o be_v advantageous_a enough_o to_o the_o roman_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o frequent_a auxiliary_n from_o they_o but_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o great_a preparation_n of_o the_o gaul_n cause_v the_o senate_n to_o create_v another_o dictator_n which_o be_v sulpitius_n peticus_n who_o appoint_v valerius_n poplicola_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n time_n and_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n obtain_v a_o signal_n victory_n over_o '_o they_o in_o this_o year_n be_v two_o new_a tribe_n add_v to_o the_o former_a five_o and_o twenty_o namely_o the_o pomptine_n and_o the_o publican_n about_o two_o year_n after_o this_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o etrurians_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o rome_n lead_v on_o by_o the_o tarquinii_n and_o falisci_n in_o which_o great_a time_n of_o danger_n marcius_n rutilus_n a_o plebeian_n be_v make_v dictator_n 398._o which_o be_v the_o first_o commoner_n that_o ever_o obtain_v this_o honour_n it_o be_v now_o 143_o year_n since_o their_o first_o creation_n he_o appoint_v plantius_n proculus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n a_o plebeian_n likewise_o and_o though_o he_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o patritian_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v yet_o he_o do_v great_a service_n against_o the_o enemy_n and_o triumph_v but_o still_o against_o the_o senate_n consent_n the_o patritian_n be_v so_o enrage_v at_o this_o that_o at_o the_o next_o election_n they_o take_v away_o the_o consulship_n from_o the_o commons_o after_o they_o have_v enjoy_v it_o ten_o year_n and_o this_o happen_v in_o the_o 399th_o year_n of_o the_o city_n this_o occasion_v many_o violent_a heat_n and_o vast_a disturbance_n between_o both_o party_n for_o three_o year_n successive_o when_o some_o of_o the_o etrurians_n press_v so_o hard_o upon_o the_o roman_a territory_n that_o another_o dictator_n be_v create_v namely_o 401._o manlius_n torquatus_n who_o make_v cornelius_n cossus_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n but_o the_o enemy_n out_o of_o fear_n be_v soon_o bring_v to_o a_o peace_n and_o so_o little_o be_v perform_v by_o he_o now_o the_o contest_v and_o quarrel_n at_o home_n be_v grow_v to_o that_o height_n that_o the_o senate_n be_v force_v to_o give_v the_o commons_o once_o more_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o consulship_n four_o year_n after_o they_o have_v take_v it_o from_o they_o and_o because_o usury_n again_o be_v grow_v exceed_v burdensome_a to_o the_o poor_a sort_n they_o appoint_v five_o man_n to_o order_v the_o payment_n of_o debt_n out_o of_o the_o treasury_n so_o now_o all_o difference_n be_v again_o reconcile_v soon_o after_o this_o a_o groundless_a apprehension_n of_o the_o etrurians_n who_o be_v report_v to_o be_v all_o unite_a against_o rome_n occasion_v the_o creation_n of_o another_o dictator_n which_o be_v c._n âfulius_fw-la who_o make_v l._n aemilius_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 402._o but_o he_o have_v so_o little_a employment_n that_o he_o leave_v all_o to_o the_o next_o consul_n who_o be_v both_o patritian_n and_o they_o go_v against_o the_o tarquinii_n and_o falisci_n who_o be_v not_o yet_o quiet_v and_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o peace_n for_o the_o term_n of_o 40_o year_n v._o now_o rome_n be_v for_o a_o while_n at_o peace_n abroad_o and_o may_v have_v be_v long_o so_o at_o home_n have_v not_o marcius_n rutilus_n the_o plebeian_n dictator_n stand_v for_o the_o office_n of_o censor_n and_o raise_v new_a disturbance_n the_o plebeian_n urge_v it_o hot_o but_o the_o patritian_n the_o better_a to_o oppose_v they_o procure_v a_o dictator_n to_o be_v create_v which_o be_v m._n fabius_n q._n servilius_n be_v his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 403._o but_o still_o without_o success_n for_o after_o many_o contest_v the_o plebeian_n faction_n prevail_v and_o marciâs_n be_v make_v one_o of_o the_o censor_n which_o be_v the_o first_o plebeian_n censor_n in_o this_o city_n pleb_n it_o be_v 92_o year_n after_o their_o first_o creation_n the_o next_o year_n a_o considerable_a victory_n be_v obtain_v over_o the_o gaul_n who_o now_o grow_v troublesome_a again_o and_o one_o of_o the_o consul_n be_v wound_v and_o the_o other_o sick_a the_o senate_n be_v force_v to_o create_v a_o dictator_n for_o assemble_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o a_o new_a election_n of_o consul_n which_o be_v furius_n camillus_n 404._o who_o make_v cornelius_n scipio_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o this_o be_v the_o dictator_n create_v upon_o this_o account_n camillus_n himself_o be_v choose_v for_o one_o consul_n and_o the_o death_n of_o his_o colleague_n soon_o after_o and_o the_o press_a war_n with_o the_o gaul_n cause_v the_o senate_n to_o give_v he_o the_o sole_a authority_n so_o that_o he_o be_v almost_o the_o same_o with_o a_o dictator_n camillus_n lead_v a_o noble_a army_n against_o the_o gaul_n and_o when_o they_o be_v in_o sight_n of_o each_o other_o a_o gaul_n remarkable_a both_o for_o his_o stature_n and_o the_o richness_n of_o his_o arm_n challenge_v any_o of_o the_o roman_n to_o a_o single_a combat_n m._n valerius_n a_o brave_a young_a colonel_n of_o the_o foot_n meet_v he_o and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n slay_v he_o but_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o combat_n a_o crow_n come_v and_o sit_v upon_o valerius_n head_n with_o beak_n and_o wing_n assist_v he_o in_o his_o fight_n
that_o they_o present_o create_v a_o dictator_n 411._o which_o be_v valerius_n corvus_n one_o of_o the_o last_o year_n consul_n who_o appoint_v aemilius_n mamercinus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o march_v against_o the_o rebel_n who_o have_v now_o force_v t._n quintius_n a_o eminent_a soldier_n to_o be_v their_o general_n upon_o the_o approach_n of_o both_o army_n the_o rebel_n out_o of_o fear_n yield_v themselves_o and_o be_v receive_v into_o favour_n the_o dictator_n have_v no_o more_o employment_n abroad_o in_o the_o same_o year_n the_o frequent_a inroad_n make_v by_o the_o roman_n into_o the_o samnite_n country_n draw_v they_o to_o a_o peace_n the_o sidicini_n be_v leave_v to_o their_o mercy_n ii_o soon_o after_o this_o peace_n the_o samnite_n desire_v of_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o latin_n and_o campanian_o may_v be_v command_v not_o to_o assist_v the_o sidicini_n but_o because_o the_o senate_n will_v not_o deny_v that_o these_o nation_n be_v under_o their_o command_n and_o be_v likewise_o unwilling_a to_o provoke_v they_o such_o a_o ambiguous_a answer_n be_v return_v that_o the_o latin_n and_o campanian_o think_v themselves_o so_o far_o disoblige_v as_o to_o revolt_v manlius_n torquatus_n now_o consul_n the_o three_o time_n and_o his_o colleague_n decius_n must_n be_v send_v by_o the_o senate_n to_o chastise_v the_o latin_n who_o now_o will_v be_v satisfy_v with_o no_o less_o than_o have_v one_o of_o the_o consul_n and_o half_o the_o senator_n choose_v out_o of_o their_o nation_n upon_o certain_a dream_n and_o prognostication_n that_o the_o general_n on_o one_o side_n and_o the_o army_n on_o the_o other_o be_v certain_o to_o be_v destroy_v the_o consul_n solemn_o agree_v that_o in_o what_o part_n the_o roman_a army_n shall_v be_v distress_a the_o commander_n of_o that_o part_n shall_v devote_v himself_o to_o the_o god_n and_o die_v for_o his_o country_n which_o generous_a resolution_n be_v confirm_v by_o oath_n and_o because_o they_o be_v all_o acquaint_v with_o each_o other_o discipline_n and_o way_n of_o fight_v strict_a command_n be_v give_v that_o no_o man_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n shall_v fight_v without_o order_n both_o army_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o battalion_n and_o a_o bloody_a and_o obstinate_a engagement_n immediate_o follow_v the_o latin_n press_v very_o hard_o upon_o decius_n part_n he_o according_a to_o his_o promise_n devote_v himself_o to_o the_o god_n and_o rush_v violent_o into_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o enemy_n after_o a_o great_a slaughter_n lose_v his_o life_n the_o latin_n be_v soon_o after_o entire_o defeat_v nor_o be_v the_o discipline_n of_o manlius_n less_o remarkable_a than_o the_o courage_n of_o decius_n in_o relation_n to_o his_o own_o son_n for_o he_o pass_v with_o his_o troop_n before_o the_o battle_n nigh_o the_o enemy_n be_v challenge_v by_o metius_n captain_n of_o the_o tusculan_n who_o when_o he_o have_v slay_v and_o strip_v his_o father_n with_o tear_n commend_v he_o for_o his_o valour_n but_o condemn_v he_o for_o his_o disobedience_n which_o though_o a_o sad_a be_v a_o profitable_a example_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o man_n and_o after_o that_o cruel_a command_n be_v usual_o call_v manliana_n dicta_fw-la the_o latin_n now_o defeat_v beg_v peace_n which_o be_v give_v they_o though_o not_o with_o the_o same_o condition_n to_o all_o manlius_n return_v in_o triumph_n but_o be_v meet_v only_o by_o the_o old_a man_n the_o young_a one_o refuse_v to_o do_v he_o that_o honour_n and_o ever_o after_o hate_v he_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o son_n soon_o after_o the_o people_n of_o antium_n and_o ardea_n make_v incursion_n into_o the_o roman_a territory_n 413._o but_o manlius_n be_v sick_a he_o name_v papyrius_n crassus_n for_o dictator_n who_o appoint_v papyrius_n cursor_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o keep_v the_o field_n some_o month_n in_o the_o antiate_n country_n but_o no_o remarkable_a action_n happen_v the_o consul_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n aemilius_n and_o publius_n overthrow_v the_o latin_n who_o have_v again_o revolt_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o some_o land_n take_v from_o '_o they_o publius_n by_o who_o conduct_n the_o victory_n be_v obtain_v receive_v into_o alliance_n such_o city_n as_o have_v be_v worsted_n and_o aemilius_n march_v his_o army_n and_o sit_v down_o before_o pedum_n which_o receive_v supply_n from_o several_a place_n though_o he_o have_v the_o advantage_n in_o all_o skirmish_n yet_o still_o the_o town_n hold_v out_o and_o he_o understanding_n that_o his_o colleague_n be_v return_v to_o his_o triumph_n he_o immediate_o leave_v the_o siege_n and_o go_v for_o rome_n to_o demand_v that_o honour_n likewise_o the_o senate_n be_v much_o offend_v at_o this_o presumption_n deny_v he_o that_o honour_n except_o pedum_n be_v either_o take_v or_o surrender_v which_o cause_v he_o out_o of_o revenge_n to_o join_v with_o the_o tribune_n against_o the_o patritian_n the_o rest_n of_o his_o time_n his_o colleague_n not_o oppose_v it_o be_v himself_o a_o plebeian_n the_o senate_n out_o of_o a_o desire_n to_o get_v free_a of_o they_o both_o order_v a_o dictator_n to_o be_v create_v who_o it_o fall_v to_o aemilius_n share_n to_o nominate_v as_o have_v the_o fasces_fw-la that_o month._n aemilius_n name_v his_o colleague_n publius_n philo_n 414._o who_o appoint_v junius_n brutus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o be_v the_o second_o plebeian_n dictator_n in_o rome_n publius_n be_v a_o great_a vexation_n to_o the_o nobility_n and_o be_v full_a of_o invective_n against_o they_o procure_v three_o remarkable_a law_n whereof_o the_o first_o alter_v the_o very_a constitution_n of_o the_o state_n which_o be_v that_o the_o plebiscita_fw-la shall_v bind_v the_o quirite_n or_o citizen_n of_o rome_n of_o all_o rank_n and_o degree_n whatsoever_o the_o second_o be_v that_o such_o law_n as_o be_v enact_v in_o the_o centuriate_a comitia_fw-la shall_v be_v propose_v or_o pass_v by_o the_o senate_n before_o they_o be_v vote_v by_o the_o people_n the_o three_o that_o whereas_o they_o have_v obtain_v before_o that_o both_o the_o censor_n may_v be_v plebeian_n now_o one_o at_o least_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v so_o so_o now_o the_o majesty_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n be_v more_o impair_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o these_o two_o at_o home_n than_o it_o be_v augment_v by_o their_o valour_n abroad_o in_o the_o follow_a year_n wherein_o furius_n camillus_n and_o c._n maenius_n be_v consul_n pedum_n be_v take_v by_o storm_n and_o the_o consul_n in_o pursuit_n of_o the_o victory_n conquer_a all_o latium_n bring_v it_o and_o some_o neighbour_a part_n to_o a_o entire_a submission_n for_o which_o they_o triumph_v and_o have_v statue_n on_o horseback_n erect_v for_o they_o in_o the_o forum_n a_o honour_n very_o rare_a in_o those_o day_n the_o several_a people_n of_o latium_n have_v several_a condition_n of_o peace_n appoint_v they_o some_o be_v reward_v and_o honour_v other_o punish_v and_o disgrace_v according_a as_o their_o former_a behaviour_n have_v be_v to_o antium_n be_v send_v a_o new_a colony_n the_o old_a inhabitant_n be_v forbid_v the_o sea_n and_o have_v all_o their_o long_a ship_n take_v from_o they_o but_o have_v leave_v to_o enter_v themselves_o in_o the_o colony_n and_o be_v make_v free_a of_o that_o city_n the_o ship_n be_v some_o of_o they_o bring_v into_o the_o roman_a arsenal_n other_o burn_v and_o with_o their_o rostra_fw-la or_o beak_n be_v the_o gallery_n or_o pulpit_n for_o oration_n in_o the_o forum_n adorn_v whence_o that_o have_v afterward_o the_o name_n of_o rostra_fw-la rostra_fw-la the_o year_n follow_v minutia_n a_o vestal_a virgin_n be_v bury_v alive_a in_o the_o campus_n sceleratus_fw-la which_o as_o livy_n believe_v have_v its_o name_n from_o incest_n for_o so_o incontinency_n in_o those_o woman_n be_v call_v and_o in_o this_o same_o year_n publius_n philo_n be_v make_v praetor_n who_o be_v the_o first_o plebeian_n that_o obtain_v this_o honour_n 416._o the_o senate_n little_o regard_v it_o have_v be_v so_o often_o overpower_v in_o matter_n of_o the_o great_a consequence_n and_o this_o happen_v in_o the_o 416th_o year_n of_o the_o city_n and_o 28_o year_n after_o the_o first_o creation_n of_o this_o office_n iii_o not_o long_o after_o the_o agreement_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o latin_n a_o war_n break_v out_o between_o the_o arunci_n and_o the_o sidicini_n in_o campania_n in_o which_o the_o latter_a constrain_v the_o former_a to_o abandon_v their_o ancient_a seat_n and_o settle_v in_o suessa_n which_o be_v afterward_o call_v arunca_n the_o arunci_n have_v give_v up_o themselves_o to_o the_o roman_n who_o thereupon_o order_v they_o relief_n but_o the_o consul_n defer_v it_o lose_v the_o opportunity_n of_o assist_v '_o they_o but_o in_o the_o next_o year_n the_o sidicini_n with_o their_o confederate_n and_o neighbour_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o cales_n be_v overthrow_v
but_o hamilcar_n be_v a_o strong_a man_n be_v keep_v in_o together_o with_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o bostar_n five_o day_n long_o have_v only_o so_o much_o sustenance_n allow_v he_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o prolong_v his_o life_n in_o misery_n at_o last_o the_o magistrate_n be_v inform_v of_o this_o begin_v to_o relent_v and_o strict_o forbid_v any_o more_o of_o such_o usuage_n command_v that_o bostar_n ash_n shall_v be_v send_v home_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prisoner_n shall_v be_v use_v more_o moderate_o which_o be_v do_v to_o let_v the_o enemy_n know_v that_o the_o roman_n be_v too_o generous_a to_o insult_v over_o the_o misery_n of_o unhappy_a man_n or_o to_o countenance_v any_o cruel_a action_n though_o they_o have_v be_v incite_v by_o the_o high_a provocation_n and_o all_o the_o sentiment_n of_o a_o most_o just_a retaliation_n the_o follow_a year_n because_o the_o land-force_n be_v very_o fearful_a of_o the_o enemy_n elephant_n and_o pursue_v their_o affair_n with_o small_a vigour_n the_o roman_n provide_v another_o fleet_n and_o besiege_a lilybaeum_n by_o sea_n and_o land_n a_o town_n stand_v upon_o the_o southern_a promontory_n of_o sicily_n over_o against_o africa_n the_o roman_n be_v very_o unsuccessful_a in_o this_o expedition_n lose_v most_o of_o their_o ship_n in_o a_o short_a time_n partly_o by_o the_o mismanagement_n of_o the_o consul_n claudius_n pulcher_n and_o partly_o by_o other_o misfortune_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a fleet_n be_v soon_o reduce_v to_o a_o inconsiderable_a number_n lilybaeum_n be_v still_o close_o invest_v by_o land_n but_o the_o small_a success_n of_o the_o present_a consul_n and_o other_o loss_n occasion_v the_o create_v of_o a_o dictator_n to_o command_v the_o force_n in_o sicily_n 504._o this_o be_v attilius_n calatinus_n who_o appoint_v caecilius_n metellus_n who_o have_v triumph_v over_o the_o carthaginian_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o be_v the_o first_o dictator_n that_o ever_o lead_v a_o army_n out_o of_o italy_n but_o nothing_o memorable_a be_v act_v by_o he_o in_o sicily_n before_o the_o time_n of_o his_o office_n expire_v the_o roman_n now_o begin_v to_o feel_v the_o weight_n and_o charge_n of_o the_o war_n more_o than_o ever_o and_o they_o find_v that_o the_o city_n be_v not_o only_o drain_v of_o money_n but_o of_o man_n too_o for_o in_o the_o next_o lustrum_fw-la there_o be_v but_o 251222_o free_a citizen_n poll_v for_o seven_o year_n do_v the_o roman_n abstain_v from_o any_o sea-preparation_n in_o which_o time_n another_o dictator_n be_v create_v in_o the_o consul_n absence_n for_o hold_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o a_o new_a election_n 50._o which_o be_v coruncanius_n nepos_n and_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v fulvius_n flaccus_n at_o this_o time_n amilcar_n the_o carthaginian_a admiral_n extreme_o infest_a the_o coast_n of_o italy_n which_o make_v the_o roman_n resolve_v once_o more_o to_o try_v their_o fortune_n at_o sea_n and_o according_o they_o fit_v out_o a_o considerable_a navy_n out_o of_o their_o private_a purse_n the_o treasury_n be_v now_o exhaust_v with_o this_o they_o give_v the_o carthaginian_n a_o notable_a overthrow_n nigh_o the_o aegatian_a isle_n take_v and_o sink_v 120_o of_o their_o ship_n according_a to_o the_o most_o modest_a computation_n this_o great_a loss_n bring_v they_o to_o a_o peace_n which_o after_o two_o consultation_n be_v conclude_v upon_o these_o article_n first_o that_o the_o carthaginian_n shall_v lay_v down_o 1000_o talent_n of_o silver_n and_o 2200_o more_o within_o 10_o year_n time_n second_o that_o they_o shall_v quit_v sicily_n with_o all_o the_o isle_n thereabouts_o three_o that_o they_o shall_v never_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o syracusian_n or_o their_o ally_n nor_o come_v with_o any_o vessel_n of_o war_n within_o the_o roman_a dominion_n and_o four_o that_o they_o shall_v deliver_v up_o all_o their_o prisoner_n without_o ransom_n as_o also_o the_o deserter_n thus_o end_v the_o first_o punic_a or_o carthaginian_a war_n by_o the_o greek_a writer_n call_v the_o sicilian_a war_n after_o it_o have_v continue_v 24_o year_n in_o the_o 51âth_n year_n of_o the_o city_n 23_o year_n before_o the_o second_o and_o 239_o before_o our_o saviour_n nativity_n wherein_o the_o roman_n be_v say_v to_o have_v lose_v 700_o vessel_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n no_o more_o than_o 500_o iv._o all_o affair_n now_o seem_v to_o succeed_v prosperous_o with_o the_o roman_n time_n and_o in_o the_o same_o year_n that_o this_o long_a war_n be_v end_v two_o new_a tribe_n be_v add_v to_o the_o rest_n namely_o the_o veline_n and_o quirine_n which_o now_o make_v up_o the_o number_n 35_o which_o number_n be_v never_o after_o exceed_v at_o this_o time_n the_o roman_n begin_v to_o grow_v more_o polite_a a_o little_a apply_v their_o mind_n to_o something_o of_o study_n and_o learning_n particular_o poetry_n and_o the_o year_n after_o this_o war_n rome_n the_o first_o tragedy_n and_o comedy_n be_v make_v by_o livius_n 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institute_v in_o the_o 298th_o year_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o lesser_a celebrate_v every_o 100_o year_n and_o first_o institute_v about_o the_o 305th_o year_n of_o the_o city_n after_o the_o banishment_n of_o the_o decemviri_fw-la but_o these_o now_o celebrate_v be_v of_o the_o former_a sort_n there_o be_v also_o other_o game_n call_v ludi_fw-la tarentini_n which_o be_v very_o different_a from_o the_o ludi_fw-la seculares_fw-la which_o i_o mention_v that_o learner_n may_v avoid_v confusion_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o roman_a affair_n the_o carthaginian_n soon_o after_o their_o peace_n with_o the_o roman_n fall_v into_o a_o bloody_a war_n between_o themselves_o and_o their_o mercenary_a soldier_n which_o proceed_v both_o from_o their_o want_n of_o pay_n and_o their_o want_n of_o employment_n and_o this_o with_o much_o difficulty_n and_o loss_n be_v end_v by_o amilcar_n after_o more_o than_o three_o year_n during_o which_o time_n several_a of_o the_o roman_n who_o trade_v 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that_o goddess_n proceed_v in_o this_o outrageous_a manner_n through_o the_o country_n of_o the_o lucani_n and_o brutii_n which_o cruelty_n lose_v he_o much_o credit_n and_o do_v he_o as_o much_o injury_n flaccus_n return_v to_o the_o siege_n of_o capua_n which_o soon_o after_o be_v surrender_v the_o head_n of_o the_o revolt_n be_v put_v to_o death_n and_o the_o common_a sort_n sold._n this_o city_n be_v situate_v in_o so_o good_a a_o soil_n be_v reserve_v for_o the_o use_v of_o all_o sort_n of_o plowman_n labourer_n and_o artificer_n without_o any_o show_n of_o government_n of_o its_o own_o as_o it_o have_v former_o this_o happen_v in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o this_o war_n and_o 54âd_v of_o the_o city_n in_o spain_n the_o war_n have_v be_v carry_v on_o all_o this_o time_n with_o great_a vigour_n the_o roman_n be_v general_o conqueror_n kill_v in_o one_o battle_n 3â000_n man_n but_o in_o this_o last_o year_n claudius_n nero_n the_o governor_n of_o spain_n be_v much_o impose_v upon_o 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rebel_n as_o both_o small_a and_o inconsiderable_a upon_o this_o the_o senate_n judge_v catiline_n a_o enemy_n to_o the_o state_n and_o likewise_o manlius_n who_o have_v join_v he_o in_o hetruria_n lentulus_n also_o be_v deprive_v of_o his_o office_n of_o praetor_n by_o who_o the_o ambassador_n have_v be_v persuade_v over_o who_o confess_v that_o they_o have_v often_o hear_v he_o make_v his_o conjecture_n from_o the_o sibyllime_a oracle_n cicero_n short_o after_o summon_v the_o people_n again_o and_o make_v another_o oration_n to_o they_o wherein_o he_o report_v the_o particular_n of_o the_o discovery_n with_o the_o arraignment_n and_o conviction_n of_o many_o of_o the_o conspirator_n lentulus_n cethegus_n statilius_n cassius_n and_o several_a other_o be_v now_o secure_v cicero_n call_v the_o senate_n and_o propound_v to_o the_o father_n to_o consider_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v with_o the_o prisoner_n but_o while_o the_o senate_n be_v sit_v great_a disturbance_n arise_v in_o the_o 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battle_n remus_n give_v his_o brother_n many_o great_a provocation_n particular_o by_o leap_v over_o his_o wall_n to_o ridicule_n he_o for_o the_o lowness_n of_o it_o romulus_n now_o sole_a commander_n and_o eighteen_o year_n of_o age_n begin_v the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o the_o six_o olympiad_n according_a to_o varro_n account_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o world_n 3252_o the_o six_o year_n of_o jotham_n king_n of_o judah_n and_o the_o seven_o of_o pekah_n king_n of_o israel_n 431_o year_n after_o the_o destruction_n of_o troy_n 120_o after_o the_o building_n of_o carthage_n 214_o before_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o persian_a empire_n and_o 752_o before_o christ_n and_o have_v get_v augur_n and_o such_o sort_n of_o people_n from_o hetruria_n he_o set_v about_o it_o with_o much_o ceremony_n on_o the_o 21_o day_n of_o april_n according_a to_o plutarch_n which_o day_n the_o roman_n anniversary_o keep_v holy_a call_v it_o their_o country_n 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make_v he_o king_n according_a to_o dionysius_n and_o he_o receive_v it_o as_o a_o gift_n from_o they_o his_o power_n become_v the_o more_o plausible_a and_o undisputable_a the_o number_n of_o the_o colony_n consist_v of_o about_o 3000_o foot_n and_o 300_o horse_n and_o the_o first_o method_n he_o make_v use_v of_o to_o increase_v this_o number_n be_v his_o building_n a_o temple_n to_o the_o asylaean_a god_n which_o he_o make_v a_o sanctuary_n to_o all_o malefactor_n and_o discontent_a person_n who_o thereupon_o come_v in_o great_a number_n from_o all_o the_o neighbour_a part_n he_o divide_v the_o people_n into_o three_o part_n ãâã_d which_o be_v call_v tribe_n that_o be_v to_o say_v three_o and_o each_o tribe_n be_v divide_v into_o ten_o curiae_fw-la which_o be_v much_o the_o same_o as_o our_o parish_n as_o the_o tribe_n be_v like_o our_o ward_n each_o curia_n have_v its_o proper_a temple_n and_o sacrifice_n and_o a_o priest_n call_v curio_n over_o it_o and_o over_o all_o a_o 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noble_o descend_v be_v to_o take_v care_n about_o the_o religious_a rite_n bear_v office_n of_o magistracy_n administer_v justice_n and_o be_v assistant_n to_o the_o king_n in_o his_o government_n the_o latter_a to_o till_o the_o field_n feed_v cattle_n and_o follow_v trade_n but_o not_o to_o have_v any_o share_n in_o the_o government_n to_o avoid_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o a_o popular_a power_n to_o bind_v the_o principal_a each_o to_o the_o other_o he_o recommend_v certain_a of_o the_o plebeian_n to_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o patritian_n liberty_n be_v give_v to_o the_o plebeian_n to_o choose_v their_o own_o patron_n client_n the_o duty_n of_o these_o patron_n be_v to_o advise_v their_o client_n in_o point_n of_o law_n to_o manage_v their_o suit_n to_o take_v care_n of_o they_o absent_a and_o present_a as_o their_o own_o child_n and_o by_o all_o way_n and_o method_n to_o secure_v their_o peace_n and_o happiness_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o duty_n of_o the_o client_n be_v to_o help_v their_o patron_n with_o money_n upon_o many_o occasion_n to_o ransom_v they_o or_o their_o son_n if_o take_v prisoner_n and_o to_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o their_o magistracy_n and_o other_o honourable_a employment_n they_o be_v never_o to_o accuse_v each_o other_o or_o take_v contrary_a side_n for_o if_o they_o do_v any_o one_o may_v lawful_o kill_v they_o without_o examination_n so_o that_o this_o patronage_n be_v a_o obligation_n as_o effectual_a as_o any_o consanguinity_n or_o alliance_n and_o it_o be_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o nobility_n to_o have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o client_n and_o to_o treat_v they_o civil_o this_o patronage_n have_v admirable_a effect_n towards_o the_o firm_a union_n of_o the_o people_n for_o above_o 600_o year_n after_o till_o caius_n gracchus_n break_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o city_n and_o because_o the_o plebeian_n in_o the_o city_n receive_v such_o advantage_n from_o this_o constitution_n in_o imitation_n thereof_o afterward_o all_o colony_n confederate_a and_o conquer_a city_n have_v their_o patron_n to_o who_o frequent_o the_o senate_n will_v remit_v such_o controversy_n as_o be_v bring_v before_o they_o and_o ratify_v their_o judgement_n after_o this_o romulus_n choose_v 100_o man_n out_o of_o the_o patritian_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o the_o government_n this_o number_n he_o call_v a_o senate_n senate_n either_o from_o their_o age_n or_o virtue_n or_o a_o sinendo_fw-la because_o nothing_o be_v transact_v without_o their_o permission_n such_o of_o the_o father_n as_o he_o enroll_v or_o enter_v into_o this_o venerable_a assembly_n conscripti_fw-la he_o call_v patres_fw-la conscripti_fw-la as_o dionysius_n right_o observe_v and_o to_o make_v up_o this_o number_n he_o choose_v three_o out_o of_o each_o tribe_n and_o as_o many_o out_o of_o each_o curia_n over_o all_o which_o he_o place_v a_o particular_a magistrate_n to_o who_o he_o commit_v the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n when_o he_o be_v absent_a in_o the_o war_n and_o
this_o magistrate_n be_v call_v praefectus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la vâbis_fw-la after_o this_o he_o immediate_o proceed_v to_o settle_v the_o authority_n of_o king_n senate_n and_o people_n the_o king_n office_n at_o home_n be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o religious_a rite_n to_o preserve_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n to_o decide_v the_o chief_a cause_n between_o man_n and_o man_n and_o refer_v the_o less_o matter_n to_o the_o senate_n into_o which_o he_o have_v a_o inspection_n to_o call_v the_o senate_n assemble_v the_o people_n first_o give_v his_o own_o opinion_n then_o ratify_v what_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o major_a part_n abroad_o and_o in_o the_o war_n he_o have_v absolute_a authority_n the_o senate_n office_n be_v to_o debate_v and_o resolve_v about_o such_o thing_n as_o the_o king_n propose_v which_o be_v decree_v by_o the_o majority_n of_o voice_n to_o the_o people_n he_o commit_v three_o thing_n to_o create_v magistrate_n make_v law_n and_o resolve_v about_o any_o war_n that_o be_v propose_v by_o the_o king_n yet_o still_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o senate_n always_o interpose_v the_o next_o thing_n that_o romulus_n do_v be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o a_o guard_n for_o his_o person_n and_o therefore_o he_o order_v the_o curiae_fw-la to_o choose_v he_o out_o 300_o lusty_a young_a man_n ten_o out_o of_o each_o celeres_fw-la and_o these_o be_v call_v celeres_fw-la à _fw-la celeritate_fw-la from_o their_o activity_n and_o readiness_n to_o assist_v the_o king_n upon_o all_o occasion_n they_o be_v command_v by_o a_o tribune_n or_o colonel_n celerum_fw-la call_v tribunus_n celerum_fw-la three_o centurion_n and_o other_o inferior_a officer_n this_o company_n with_o their_o spear_n defend_v the_o king_n in_o the_o city_n and_o in_o battle_n be_v the_o foremost_a leader_n charge_v first_o and_o retreat_v last_o beside_o these_o he_o have_v for_o his_o attendance_n lictor_n twelve_o lictor_n or_o sergeant_n who_o punish_v offender_n and_o execute_v his_o command_n these_o always_o go_v before_o he_o in_o public_a with_o their_o bundle_n of_o rod_n call_v fasces_fw-la and_o their_o axe_n signify_v different_a punishment_n according_a to_o man_n different_a crime_n thus_o romulus_n with_o all_o the_o industry_n and_o prudence_n imaginable_a take_v care_n to_o settle_v the_o state_n be_v very_o exact_a in_o justice_n and_o forbid_v all_o sordid_a art_n and_o trade_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o luxury_n which_o be_v leave_v whole_o to_o slave_n and_o stranger_n the_o roman_n for_o many_o year_n scorn_v to_o be_v concern_v in_o '_o they_o this_o be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o romulus_n first_o establish_v it_o which_o in_o general_n be_v so_o excellent_a that_o it_o be_v admire_v by_o dionysius_n above_o all_o the_o constitution_n even_o of_o his_o own_o countryman_n the_o grecian_n and_o by_o its_o healthfulness_n and_o robu_v constitution_n have_v all_o the_o manifest_a sign_n of_o a_o thrive_a and_o long-lived_a state_n ii_o romulus_n find_v he_o be_v encompass_v with_o several_a powerful_a nation_n 4._o who_o with_o envious_a eye_n behold_v the_o extraordinary_a growth_n of_o his_o city_n and_o observe_v how_o much_o it_o be_v fill_v by_o fugitive_n who_o have_v no_o wife_n he_o bethink_v himself_o of_o mean_n to_o contract_v alliance_n with_o his_o neighbour_n and_o to_o procure_v wife_n for_o his_o subject_n which_o be_v his_o second_o device_n to_o increase_v the_o city_n therefore_o by_o advice_n of_o his_o grandfather_n numitor_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n he_o proclaim_v a_o solemn_a feast_n and_o public_a game_n in_o honour_n of_o neptune_n through_o all_o the_o country_n thereabouts_o this_o immediate_o occasion_v a_o great_a concourse_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n who_o come_v flock_v in_o with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n from_o several_a neighbour_a place_n to_o behold_v these_o pompous_a show_n together_o with_o the_o new_a city_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o solemnity_n upon_o a_o signal_n give_v the_o roman_n with_o their_o draw_a sword_n seize_v on_o such_o virgin_n as_o they_o can_v most_o convenient_o catch_v and_o by_o main_a force_n carry_v they_o to_o their_o house_n the_o number_n of_o these_o amount_v to_o 683_o for_o who_o romulus_n choose_v so_o many_o husband_n and_o marry_v they_o after_o their_o own_o country_n rite_n make_v they_o sign_n a_o covenant_n or_o agreement_n with_o the_o ceremony_n of_o fire_n and_o water_n which_o custom_n continue_v among_o the_o roman_n for_o many_o age_n this_o act_n be_v high_o resent_v by_o most_o of_o their_o neighbour_n especial_o the_o sabine_n who_o be_v principal_o concern_v but_o their_o backwardness_n in_o their_o preparation_n make_v the_o city_n caenina_n antemna_n and_o crustumium_n begin_v the_o war_n first_o the_o two_o former_a three_o or_o four_o mile_n north_n of_o rome_n and_o inhabit_a by_o the_o aborigines_n romulus_n soon_o subdue_v with_o the_o death_n of_o their_o king_n acron_n who_o he_o slay_v in_o a_o single_a combat_n and_o afterward_o the_o latter_a a_o colony_n of_o alba_n a_o little_a way_n within_o the_o country_n of_o the_o sabine_n the_o land_n be_v divide_v between_o some_o of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o old_a inhabitant_n of_o who_o 3000_o be_v make_v free_a of_o rome_n without_o lose_v their_o former_a estate_n so_o that_o the_o footman_n of_o the_o city_n be_v now_o much_o increase_v for_o this_o victory_n romulus_n first_o triumph_v and_o bring_v home_o the_o spoil_n of_o king_n acron_n spolia_fw-la which_o the_o roman_n name_v opima_fw-la spolia_fw-la or_o royal_a spoil_n he_o design_v a_o spot_n of_o ground_n upon_o mount_n capitoline_n for_o a_o temple_n to_o jupiter_n feretrius_n feretrius_n so_o call_v either_o à _fw-la ferendo_fw-la to_o bear_v or_o rather_o from_o ferire_fw-la to_o strike_v and_o this_o be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o capitol_n afterward_o stand_v the_o valour_n of_o romulus_n and_o his_o good_a conduct_n in_o this_o war_n together_o with_o his_o clemency_n to_o the_o conquer_a have_v so_o great_a effect_n that_o not_o only_o many_o eminent_a man_n go_v over_o to_o he_o with_o their_o family_n among_o who_o be_v caelius_n who_o give_v name_n to_o a_o hill_n in_o the_o city_n but_o some_o whole_a nation_n commit_v themselves_o to_o his_o protection_n and_o receive_v colony_n from_o rome_n this_o notable_a success_n be_v a_o great_a disappointment_n to_o the_o sabine_n 6._o who_o resolve_v to_o correct_v their_o former_a carelessness_n by_o double_a diligence_n assemble_v themselves_o at_o cure_n their_o metropolis_n proclaim_v war_n against_o rome_n and_o make_v choice_n of_o tatius_n their_o king_n for_o general_n on_o the_o other_o side_n romulus_n make_v all_o possible_a provision_n for_o resistance_n fortify_v the_o capitoline_n and_o aventine_n hill_n and_o receive_v auxiliary-troop_n both_o from_o hetruria_n and_o his_o grandfather_n numitor._n the_o sabine_n to_o have_v the_o fair_a pretence_n first_o demand_v restitution_n of_o the_o virgin_n and_o to_o have_v the_o author_n of_o the_o injury_n deliver_v up_o to_o they_o but_o receive_v no_o satisfactory_a answer_n both_o army_n draw_v out_o into_o the_o field_n the_o sabine_n be_v 25000_o foot_n and_o 1000_o horse_n and_o the_o roman_n 20000_o poot_n and_o 800_o horse_n a_o great_a number_n for_o a_o new_a build_v city_n tatius_n encamp_v between_o the_o capitoline_n and_o quirinal_n but_o find_v they_o too_o well_o fortify_v to_o be_v attack_v but_o one_o tarpeia_n daughter_n to_o tarpeius_n governor_n of_o the_o capitoline_n call_v to_o his_o man_n from_o above_o and_o agree_v to_o betray_v the_o place_n into_o their_o hand_n which_o be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n effect_v what_o she_o require_v of_o they_o as_o a_o reward_n for_o this_o be_v what_o they_o wear_v on_o their_o left_a arm_n mean_v their_o bracelet_n but_o they_o throw_v their_o target_n upon_o she_o which_o they_o wear_v on_o their_o left_a arm_n and_o press_v she_o to_o death_n from_o hence_o this_o hill_n be_v callâd_v tarpeius_n till_o the_o build_n of_o the_o capitol_n which_o make_v it_o lose_v the_o name_n except_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v call_v the_o tarpeian_a rock_n from_o whence_o they_o throw_v malefactor_n down_o headlong_o the_o sabine_n now_o master_n of_o the_o capitoline_n have_v the_o advantage_n of_o continue_v the_o war_n at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o for_o a_o long_a time_n only_o light_a skirmish_n pass_v between_o both_o party_n with_o little_a or_o no_o advantage_n to_o either_o side_n but_o the_o tediousness_n and_o charge_n of_o the_o war_n so_o weary_v out_o both_o roman_n and_o sabine_n that_o they_o very_o much_o desire_v a_o peace_n but_o neither_o side_n will_v stoop_v to_o sue_v for_o it_o thus_o they_o continue_v for_o a_o very_a considerable_a time_n till_o both_o resolve_v to_o do_v their_o utmost_a they_o come_v to_o a_o general_a battle_n which_o
choose_v the_o nobility_n of_o the_o alban_n into_o the_o senate_n particular_o the_o tullii_n servilii_n quintii_n geganii_fw-la curiatij_n and_o the_o claelii_fw-la and_o that_o he_o may_v out_o of_o those_o new_a people_n make_v some_o addition_n to_o the_o strength_n of_o every_o order_n he_o choose_v ten_o troop_n of_o horse_n out_o of_o the_o alban_n in_o confidence_n of_o this_o his_o strength_n after_o a_o pentire_a reduction_n of_o the_o fidenates_n he_o declare_v war_n against_o the_o sabine_n 88_o who_o before_o have_v commit_v several_a robbery_n upon_o the_o roman_n that_o trade_v with_o '_o they_o he_o meet_v they_o at_o the_o wood_n call_v malitiosa_fw-la sylva_n where_o especial_o by_o the_o help_n of_o his_o horse_n who_o break_v all_o âheir_a rank_n after_o a_o short_a engagement_n he_o entire_o defeat_v they_o force_v they_o to_o beg_v peace_n over_o who_o âe_v obtain_v a_o three_o triumph_n the_o latin_n be_v not_o yet_o quiet_a refuse_v to_o pay_v obedience_n to_o the_o roman_n which_o occasion_v several_a contest_v but_o this_o war_n be_v manage_v with_o great_a moderation_n no_o battle_n âeing_v fight_v no_o town_n take_v or_o plunder_v beside_o medallia_n which_o hostilius_n punish_v for_o a_o example_n because_o it_o have_v receive_v a_o roman_a colony_n in_o romuâus's_n time_n this_o war_n last_v most_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o day_n and_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o reign_n rome_n be_v much_o infect_v with_o plague_n and_o famine_n and_o as_o much_o fright_v with_o prodigy_n then_o hostilius_n begin_v to_o think_v of_o bring_v in_o the_o religious_a ceremony_n of_o numa_n which_o he_o have_v all_o this_o time_n take_v little_a notice_n of_o but_o soon_o after_o he_o die_v after_o a_o reign_n of_o 32_o year_n some_o say_v by_o lightning_n with_o his_o whole_a family_n though_o more_o probable_o by_o some_o treasonable_a practice_n in_o this_o reign_n the_o 300_o celeres_fw-la be_v again_o reassume_v which_o have_v be_v 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that_o marcius_n who_o have_v persuade_v numa_n to_o accept_v of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o after_o numa_n death_n have_v kill_v himself_o because_o he_o do_v not_o succeed_v he_o this_o prince_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o temper_n with_o his_o grandfather_n numa_n and_o consider_v that_o much_o of_o the_o religion_n and_o many_o of_o the_o ceremony_n have_v be_v neglect_v in_o the_o last_o reign_n he_o set_v himself_o to_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o former_a use._n for_o that_o reason_n he_o insinuate_v to_o the_o people_n that_o the_o disease_n pestilence_n and_o other_o innumerable_a calamity_n which_o have_v late_o befall_v the_o city_n together_o with_o the_o disastrous_a end_n of_o hostilius_n proceed_v from_o want_n of_o devotion_n and_o a_o neglect_v of_o their_o go_n he_o high_o commend_v the_o order_n and_o institution_n of_o numa_n and_o will_v be_v often_o show_v the_o great_a blessing_n of_o the_o state_n and_o how_o much_o it_o flourish_v under_o that_o happy_a reign_n advise_v his_o subject_n to_o return_v to_o their_o husbandry_n and_o more_o peaceable_a employment_n and_o to_o lay_v aside_o all_o sort_n of_o violence_n and_o all_o profit_n that_o arise_v from_o war_n and_o bloodshed_n the_o state_n thus_o settle_v 116._o he_o expect_v as_o his_o grandfather_n have_v do_v to_o pass_v his_o time_n free_a from_o all_o war_n and_o trouble_n but_o he_o soon_o find_v his_o design_n cross_v and_o be_v compel_v to_o be_v a_o warrior_n against_o his_o will_n and_o be_v scarce_o ever_o free_a from_o public_a peril_n and_o trouble_n he_o have_v scarce_o begin_v his_o reign_n and_o model_v the_o commonwealth_n when_o the_o latin_n contemn_v he_o as_o a_o sluggish_a prince_n and_o unfit_a for_o military_a affair_n make_v incursion_n into_o the_o roman_a territory_n upon_o which_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o make_v all_o necessary_a preparation_n for_o a_o war_n proclaim_v it_o according_a to_o the_o ceremony_n appoint_v by_o his_o grandfather_n numa_n first_o a_o ambassador_n be_v send_v to_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o agressor_n country_n who_o in_o a_o woollen_a shash_n and_o a_o peculiar_a dress_n and_o likewise_o in_o a_o solemn_a form_n of_o speech_n demand_v satisfaction_n which_o not_o be_v grant_v in_o 33_o day_n after_o a_o consultation_n with_o the_o senate_n the_o feciale_n or_o herald_n be_v immediate_o send_v in_o their_o proper_a habit_n feciales_n with_o javelin_n head_v with_o iron_n or_o all_o bloody_a and_o burn_v at_o the_o end_n where_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o three_o young_a man_n at_o least_o they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o god_n and_o people_n of_o rome_n solemn_o proclaim_v war_n with_o that_o country_n and_o then_o throw_v their_o javelin_n into_o their_o confine_n this_o custom_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o numa_n the_o rule_n whereof_o be_v take_v from_o the_o aequicoli_fw-la a_o very_a ancient_a people_n ancus_n begin_v this_o war_n with_o good_a success_n and_o first_o take_v politorium_n by_o storm_n a_o town_n of_o the_o latin_n 14_o or_o 15_o mile_n southeast_n of_o rome_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o which_o according_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n he_o transplant_v to_o rome_n allow_v they_o the_o privilege_n of_o free_a citizen_n and_o whereas_o the_o old_a roman_n inhabit_v the_o palatine_a the_o sabine_n the_o capitoline_n and_o the_o alban_n the_o caelian_a he_o grant_v the_o aventine_n hill_n for_o the_o latin_n to_o possess_v the_o number_n of_o who_o be_v increase_v upon_o the_o subdue_a of_o tellene_n and_o ficania_n two_o latin_a town_n nigh_o politorium_n which_o he_o take_v soon_o after_o he_o be_v a_o little_a time_n likewise_o take_v medallia_n a_o place_n of_o considerable_a strength_n and_o also_o politorium_n again_o for_o the_o latin_n find_v it_o empty_a have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o it_o which_o make_v ancus_n entire_o demolish_v it_o the_o latin_n enrage_v at_o their_o loss_n make_v great_a preparation_n for_o the_o next_o campaign_n but_o at_o several_a time_n he_o ruine_v their_o design_n break_v their_o unite_a force_n 117._o force_v they_o to_o beg_v peace_n and_o obtain_v a_o triumph_n over_o '_o they_o not_o long_o after_o he_o subdue_v the_o fidenates_n veientes_n and_o the_o volsci_n who_o have_v fall_v out_o with_o he_o and_o likewise_o such_o of_o the_o sabine_n who_o not_o have_v feel_v the_o strength_n of_o rome_n have_v sore_o repine_v at_o the_o exceed_a growth_n of_o a_o upstart_n city_n these_o latter_a he_o overthrow_v again_o 120._o and_o obtain_v over_o they_o a_o second_o triumph_n ii_o ancus_n do_v not_o only_o perform_v many_o great_a act_n abroad_o but_o also_o do_v many_o noble_a work_n at_o home_n first_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o success_n of_o his_o arm_n he_o rebuilt_a the_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n feretrius_n after_o a_o more_o stately_a and_o magnificent_a manner_n than_o before_o he_o fortify_v the_o hill_n janiculum_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n tiber_n for_o the_o great_a strengthen_n of_o the_o city_n and_o to_o prevent_v its_o be_v a_o refuge_n for_o enemy_n unite_n it_o to_o the_o city_n with_o a_o wooden_a bridge_n over_o that_o river_n he_o likewise_o make_v a_o large_a ditch_n call_v fossa_n quiritium_fw-la which_o be_v no_o small_a defence_n against_o such_o as_o come_v from_o the_o plain_n and_o now_o the_o city_n have_v receive_v a_o vast_a increase_n see_v that_o such_o multitude_n of_o people_n of_o all_o sort_n can_v not_o but_o produce_v many_o criminal_n he_o build_v a_o large_a prison_n for_o malefactor_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o city_n just_o face_v the_o forum_n to_o be_v a_o terror_n to_o their_o grow_a boldness_n he_o do_v not_o only_o enlarge_v the_o pomaerium_fw-la of_o the_o city_n but_o likewise_o its_o dominion_n for_o have_v take_v from_o the_o veientes_n the_o maesian_a forest_n his_o territory_n reach_v to_o the_o sea_n 127._o upon_o which_o at_o the_o
office_n without_o the_o people_n consent_n a_o three_o give_v relief_n to_o poor_a citizen_n by_o take_v away_o the_o payment_n of_o tribute_n another_o punish_a disobedience_n to_o consul_n and_o appoint_v a_o penalty_n of_o five_o ox_n and_o two_o sheep_n a_o sheep_n be_v in_o those_o day_n value_v at_o ten_o oboli_fw-la each_o obolus_fw-la 1_o d._n 1_o q._n and_o a_o ox_n at_o a_o hundred_o another_o law_n give_v power_n to_o any_o man_n to_o kill_v the_o person_n unheard_a who_o affect_v the_o supreme_a power_n if_o he_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o crime_n the_o last_o law_n be_v for_o the_o creation_n of_o two_o quaestor_n or_o public_a treasurer_n quaestor_n who_o be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o public_a money_n and_o contribution_n and_o appoint_v the_o temple_n of_o saturn_n for_o the_o aerarium_fw-la or_o treasury_n these_o officer_n be_v so_o name_v à _fw-la quaerendo_fw-la because_o they_o inquire_v after_o the_o public_a money_n and_o likewise_o after_o malefactor_n some_o say_v romulus_n and_o numa_n have_v their_o quaestor_n but_o then_o they_o be_v for_o punishment_n such_o as_o be_v afterward_o the_o triumvir_n for_o capital_a matter_n this_o quaestorship_n be_v the_o first_o step_n to_o the_o office_n of_o magistracy_n and_o they_o be_v likewise_o to_o keep_v the_o military_a ensign_n in_o the_o treasury_n to_o sell_v plunder_n and_o booty_n lodge_n and_o carry_v out_o ambassador_n and_o several_a other_o thing_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n their_o number_n be_v afterward_o very_o much_o increase_v till_o in_o the_o time_n of_o julius_n caesar_n they_o come_v to_o forty_o some_o be_v use_v for_o the_o army_n and_o other_o for_o the_o province_n of_o which_o these_o two_o of_o the_o first_o creation_n be_v term_v urbani_n the_o rest_n provinciales_fw-la and_o militares_fw-la poplicola_n have_v thus_o settle_a affair_n hold_v a_o assembly_n for_o the_o election_n of_o another_o consul_n where_o lucretius_n the_o father_n of_o lucretia_n be_v choose_v to_o who_o as_o be_v the_o elder_a poplicola_n grant_v the_o fasces_fw-la or_o bundle_n of_o rod_n which_o respect_n of_o age_n be_v ever_o observe_v by_o their_o successor_n lucretius_n die_v a_o few_o day_n after_o his_o creation_n be_v succeed_v by_o m._n horatius_n in_o who_o time_n the_o capitol_n be_v finish_v and_o the_o dedication_n of_o it_o fall_v to_o horatius_n much_o against_o poplicola_n will_n who_o be_v force_v to_o be_v abroad_o in_o the_o war_n at_o the_o same_o time_n this_o be_v perform_v with_o great_a pomp_n and_o solemnity_n and_o with_o as_o great_a a_o concourse_n of_o people_n of_o all_o sort_n in_o the_o same_o year_n be_v the_o first_o league_n make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n according_a to_o polybius_n wherein_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o the_o roman_n shall_v not_o sail_v beyond_o the_o fair_a promontory_n which_o lie_v before_o carthage_n towards_o the_o north_n but_o be_v allow_v to_o traffic_n in_o all_o that_o part_n of_o africa_n on_o this_o side_n the_o promontory_n as_o also_o in_o sardinia_n and_o that_o part_n of_o sicily_n that_o be_v then_o under_o the_o carthaginian_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o carthaginian_n look_v upon_o africa_n and_o sardinia_n as_o all_o their_o own_o but_o sicily_n only_o in_o part_n but_o the_o roman_n include_v in_o this_o league_n only_a latium_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o italy_n which_o be_v not_o then_o in_o their_o power_n in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o horatius_n election_n the_o time_n come_v for_o new_a consul_n to_o be_v make_v poplicola_n be_v choose_v a_o second_o time_n and_o with_o he_o luâretius_n tricipitinus_n in_o who_o time_n a_o census_n be_v perform_v 130000_o be_v cess_v and_o value_v beside_o widow_n and_o orphan_n iii_o before_o poplicola_n second_o consulship_n be_v expire_v 247._o tarquin_n after_o his_o last_o defeat_n have_v betake_v himself_o to_o the_o clusini_fw-la one_o of_o the_o twelve_o nation_n of_o hetruria_n and_o have_v procure_v porsena_n king_n of_o clusium_n and_o of_o great_a power_n to_o undertake_v his_o quarrel_n poplicola_n to_o appear_v as_o magnificent_a as_o this_o king_n found_v the_o city_n sigliucia_n or_o rather_o signia_n while_o he_o be_v approach_v which_o he_o fortifyâd_v with_o great_a expense_n and_o plant_v it_o with_o a_o colony_n of_o 700_o inhabitant_n but_o porsena_n march_v direct_o to_o rome_n lay_v a_o close_a siege_n to_o it_o and_o make_v a_o furious_a attack_z upon_o the_o place_n in_o which_o contest_v the_o two_o consul_n with_o much_o difficulty_n repulse_v the_o etrurians_n be_v both_o wound_v and_o carry_v off_o upon_o which_o the_o roman_n be_v much_o dishearten_v and_o fly_v in_o great_a disorder_n be_v close_o pursue_v by_o the_o enemy_n to_o the_o bridge_n who_o will_v also_o undoubted_o have_v enter_v the_o town_n with_o they_o have_v not_o horatius_n coecles_n with_o only_a herminius_n and_o lartius_n most_o valiant_o oppose_v '_o they_o coecles_n defend_v the_o passage_n with_o a_o wonderful_a bravery_n till_o his_o own_o party_n find_v time_n to_o break_v down_o the_o bridge_n then_o cast_v himself_o arm_v as_o he_o be_v into_o the_o river_n and_o swim_v over_o to_o his_o friend_n have_v receive_v a_o wound_n with_o a_o spear_n in_o his_o passage_n over_o poplicola_n to_o reward_v he_o for_o this_o extraordinary_a piece_n of_o service_n give_v he_o several_a great_a privilege_n and_o appoint_v a_o statue_n to_o be_v erect_v to_o his_o memory_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o vulcan_n porsena_n hold_v the_o siege_n a_o long_a time_n and_o reduce_v the_o city_n to_o great_a strait_o but_o poplicola_n now_o exercise_v his_o three_o consulship_n together_o with_o his_o last_o year_n colleague_n draw_v out_o his_o force_n engage_v the_o king_n overthrow_v he_o and_o kill_v 5000_o of_o his_o men._n nevertheless_o the_o siege_n continude_v till_o mutius_n a_o man_n of_o a_o most_o undaunted_a courage_n resolve_v to_o attempt_v the_o life_n of_o porsena_n though_o amid_o his_o own_o soldier_n put_v on_o a_o tuscan_a habit_n and_o use_v that_o language_n come_v into_o the_o camp_n where_o by_o a_o mistake_v he_o stab_v the_o king_n secretary_n who_o sit_v nigh_o he_o instead_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o be_v apprehend_v and_o ready_a to_o be_v examine_v he_o like_v a_o person_n more_o dreadful_a to_o other_o than_o fearful_a himself_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o be_v a_o roman_a and_o know_v as_o well_o how_o to_o suffer_v as_o to_o act_v upon_o which_o he_o courageous_o thrust_v his_o right-hand_n into_o the_o fire_n intend_v to_o punish_v it_o for_o so_o great_a a_o mistake_n all_o the_o while_n behold_v porsena_n with_o a_o steady_a and_o angry_a countenance_n who_o strike_v and_o amaze_v at_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o resolution_n dismiss_v he_o with_o much_o applause_n and_o reach_v he_o his_o sword_n back_o from_o his_o throne_n mutius_z take_z it_o with_o his_o lefthand_n whence_o he_o have_v the_o name_n of_o scaevola_n tell_v the_o king_n that_o the_o nobleness_n of_o his_o generosity_n have_v more_o vanquish_v he_o than_o all_o the_o terror_n of_o his_o threat_n and_o that_o in_o requital_n he_o will_v reveal_v a_o secret_a to_o he_o which_o no_o torment_n shall_v ever_o have_v extort_a from_o he_o that_o three_o hundred_o roman_n in_o the_o camp_n be_v now_o wait_v for_o his_o life_n that_o the_o first_o attempt_n be_v appoint_v for_o he_o but_o now_o he_o be_v extreme_o satisfy_v that_o he_o have_v so_o happy_o miss_v kill_v a_o person_n who_o magnanimity_n better_a entitle_v he_o to_o the_o friendship_n than_o the_o hatred_n of_o the_o roman_a nation_n pârsena_n hear_v this_o be_v immediate_o incline_v to_o a_o accommodation_n not_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o the_o 300_o man_n but_o in_o admiration_n of_o the_o roman_a courage_n poplicola_n be_v well_o please_v with_o the_o proposal_n and_o agree_v to_o make_v he_o arbitrator_n between_o tarquin_n and_o the_o people_n but_o tarquin_n resolute_o refuse_v to_o admit_v of_o any_o judge_n much_o less_o porsena_n who_o as_o he_o say_v have_v promise_v he_o aid_n and_o now_o base_o falsify_v his_o word_n porsena_n angry_a at_o this_o immediate_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o roman_n upon_o these_o article_n that_o the_o roman_n shall_v quit_v those_o tuscan_a land_n which_o they_o have_v take_v from_o the_o veientes_n restâre_v all_o prisoner_n and_o receive_v all_o their_o deserter_n for_o the_o ratify_v this_o peace_n the_o roman_n depose_v twenty_o hostage_n ten_o young_a man_n and_o as_o many_o virgin_n among_o which_o be_v valeria_n the_o daughter_n of_o poplicâla_n all_o act_n of_o hostility_n cease_v claelia_n a_o bold_a virago_n and_o one_o of_o the_o hostage_n get_v from_o her_o keeper_n and_o at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o virgin_n swim_v over_o the_o river_n tiber_n amid_o the_o dart_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o be_v all_o
be_v soon_o discover_v to_o sulpicius_n one_o of_o the_o consul_n who_o after_o he_o have_v return_v a_o very_a civil_a denial_n to_o the_o latin_a ambassador_n then_o present_a about_o business_n by_o a_o wile_n draw_v the_o conspirator_n into_o the_o forum_n where_o encompass_v they_o about_o he_o put_v they_o all_o to_o the_o sword_n these_o dangerous_a stir_v be_v thus_o allay_v for_o a_o time_n the_o consul_n of_o this_o and_o the_o follow_a year_n look_v abroad_o and_o in_o no_o long_a time_n fidenae_n be_v yield_v to_o largius_n flavius_n the_o latin_n now_o enrage_v at_o the_o loss_n of_o this_o town_n begin_v to_o complain_v of_o their_o principal_a man_n which_o opportunity_n tarquin_n and_o mamilius_n so_o far_o improve_v as_o to_o procure_v all_o the_o latin_a city_n 24_o in_o number_n to_o declare_v war_n against_o the_o roman_n withal_o engage_v they_o that_o none_o shall_v forsake_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o associate_n nor_o make_v any_o separate_a peace_n which_o 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force_n to_o lead_v they_o out_o to_o disband_v they_o and_o to_o act_v all_o thing_n according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n without_o refer_v they_o to_o the_o senate_n and_o upon_o his_o creation_n all_o other_o magistrate_n except_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n lay_v down_o their_o office_n and_o the_o whole_a government_n be_v leave_v in_o his_o hand_n he_o have_v 24_o bundle_n of_o rod_n carry_v before_o he_o with_o as_o many_o axe_n and_o he_o punish_v as_o he_o please_v without_o any_o appeal_n hence_o this_o office_n come_v to_o be_v so_o terrible_a that_o the_o edict_n of_o a_o dictator_n be_v observe_v as_o the_o command_n of_o a_o deity_n but_o then_o this_o extraordinary_a power_n be_v limit_v both_o by_o time_n and_o place_n for_o the_o office_n be_v never_o to_o continue_v above_o six_o month_n nor_o be_v the_o dictator_n allow_v to_o march_v out_o of_o italy_n nor_o ever_o on_o horseback_n without_o leave_n to_o show_v that_o the_o roman_a strength_n lie_v in_o the_o 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soon_o change_v the_o face_n of_o affair_n in_o the_o city_n have_v with_o these_o and_o other_o ensign_n of_o power_n terrify_v and_o stop_v the_o seditious_a murmur_n of_o the_o multitude_n he_o begin_v the_o census_n after_o the_o pattern_n of_o servius_n tullius_n the_o six_o king_n according_a to_o the_o tribe_n take_v the_o name_n and_o age_n of_o such_o as_o be_v cess_v and_o of_o child_n in_o a_o short_a time_n the_o fear_n of_o lose_v freedom_n and_o estate_n so_o far_o prevail_v that_o 150700_o of_o full_a age_n give_v in_o their_o name_n which_o he_o distribute_v into_o four_o part_n take_v one_o for_o himself_o order_v a_o second_o for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o two_o remaning_n to_o two_o person_n commissioned_n on_o purpose_n one_o of_o which_o be_v to_o continue_v in_o the_o city_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o it_o affair_n thus_o settle_v he_o send_v some_o private_a minister_n who_o deal_v private_o with_o several_a latin_a city_n and_o procure_v 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their_o design_n that_o the_o law_n can_v not_o be_v pass_v these_o disturbance_n be_v a_o little_a divert_v by_o the_o enemy_n march_v as_o far_o as_o tusculum_n against_o who_o siccius_n go_v as_o volunteer_v where_o the_o consul_n put_v he_o upon_o a_o most_o desperate_a attempt_n which_o gain_v he_o the_o high_a honour_n instead_o of_o procure_v his_o ruin_n as_o they_o imagine_v it_o will_v have_v do_v a_o notable_a victory_n be_v gain_v over_o the_o aequi_n by_o his_o mean_n and_o he_o revenge_v himself_o upon_o the_o consul_n by_o prevent_v their_o triumph_n this_o year_n and_o by_o get_v they_o fine_v the_o next_o when_o he_o himself_o be_v make_v one_o of_o the_o tribune_n 299._o upon_o which_o a_o law_n pass_v in_o the_o centuriata_fw-la comitia_fw-la that_o all_o magistrate_n shall_v have_v power_n to_o punish_v such_o as_o violate_v their_o authority_n which_o before_o be_v only_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o consul_n but_o not_o by_o any_o fine_a exceed_v two_o ox_n or_o 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ungrateful_a work_n but_o at_o last_o overcome_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o people_n he_o place_v himself_o among_o the_o candidate_n where_o by_o a_o crafty_a insinuation_n of_o his_o own_o service_n and_o a_o malicious_a accusation_n of_o the_o other_o patritian_n as_o owe_v he_o a_o spite_n for_o his_o public_a spirit_n he_o not_o only_o make_v way_n for_o himself_o but_o for_o his_o friend_n too_o he_o procure_v to_o be_v choose_v with_o himself_o fabius_n a_o former_a consul_n cornelius_n servilius_z minucius_n antonius_n and_o rabulius_fw-la all_o patritian_n and_o petilius_n duellius_fw-la and_o opius_n all_o plebeian_n who_o he_o take_v in_o the_o more_o to_o ingratiate_v himself_o with_o the_o rabble_n say_v it_o be_v very_o just_a that_o the_o commons_o shall_v have_v a_o share_n in_o that_o magistracy_n which_o be_v to_o govern_v and_o command_v all_o on_o the_o first_o day_n after_o their_o creation_n they_o all_o make_v their_o appearance_n with_o regal_a ensign_n which_o exceed_o terrify_v the_o people_n especial_o the_o axe_n now_o add_v again_o to_o the_o rod_n which_o poplicola_n have_v lay_v aside_o to_o prevent_v the_o dissatisfaction_n of_o the_o common_a sort._n the_o first_o thing_n the_o decemviri_fw-la do_v be_v their_o promise_v each_o other_o by_o oath_n to_o be_v of_o one_o mind_n to_o retain_v the_o power_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n to_o be_v of_o equal_a authority_n among_o themselves_o and_o to_o admit_v none_o into_o their_o number_n never_o to_o make_v use_n of_o senatus_n consultum_fw-la '_o s_o and_o plebiscitum_fw-la '_o s_o but_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n act_v most_o thing_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o own_o power_n these_o thing_n they_o observe_v with_o great_a exactness_n nothing_o value_v the_o roman_a senate_n and_o people_n and_o exercise_v their_o authority_n with_o all_o licentiousness_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o they_o be_v both_o legislator_n
stone_n at_o he_o keep_v some_o distance_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v effect_v their_o design_n the_o assassinate_v give_v out_o that_o he_o fall_v into_o the_o enemy_n hand_n but_o the_o soldier_n easy_o perceive_v the_o villainy_n begin_v to_o grow_v very_o mutinous_a and_o the_o decemviri_fw-la to_o appease_v they_o give_v siccius_n a_o very_a honourable_a burial_n which_o be_v perform_v with_o much_o ceremony_n and_o a_o universal_a sorrow_n among_o the_o soldier_n who_o from_o that_o time_n think_v upon_o nothing_o but_o a_o revolt_n which_o the_o other_o army_n lie_v at_o algedum_fw-la against_o the_o aequi_n soon_o after_o find_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n to_o effect_v it_o be_v occasion_v die_v one_o virginius_n a_o plebeian_n who_o have_v a_o daughter_n of_o most_o admirable_a beauty_n and_o of_o as_o eminent_a chastity_n who_o appius_n see_v by_o chance_n and_o be_v so_o extreme_o smite_v with_o she_o that_o nothing_o can_v allay_v his_o violent_a passion_n his_o own_o law_n have_v forbid_v he_o marry_v she_o as_o be_v a_o plebeian_n nor_o can_v he_o hope_v to_o enjoy_v she_o any_o other_o way_n but_o by_o procure_v claudius_n one_o of_o his_o client_n to_o challenge_v she_o for_o his_o slave_n so_o that_o the_o matter_n be_v bring_v before_o he_o he_o may_v judge_v she_o to_o be_v so_o claudius_n according_a to_o his_o instruction_n lay_v claim_n to_o she_o and_o bring_v the_o matter_n to_o a_o trial_n before_o appius_n he_o affirm_v that_o she_o be_v natural_a daughter_n to_o his_o slave_n procure_v by_o virginius_n '_o s_o wife_n be_v barren_a and_o now_o dead_a and_o bring_v up_o for_o she_o own_o a_o thing_n though_o know_v to_o other_o as_o well_o as_o himself_o he_o have_v no_o opportunity_n till_o now_o to_o make_v it_o âââear_v this_o pretence_n be_v so_o impudent_a and_o groundleâââhat_o it_o raise_v the_o indignation_n of_o all_o unconcern_v peââons_n and_o numitor_n the_o maid_n uncle_n with_o icilius_n who_o be_v contract_v to_o she_o sufficient_o prove_v the_o falsity_n of_o the_o assertion_n but_o appius_n resolute_o bend_v upon_o his_o lustful_a and_o base_a design_n will_v hear_v no_o reason_n nor_o mind_n any_o proof_n till_o at_o last_o the_o loud_a cry_n and_o murmur_n of_o the_o multitude_n prevail_v with_o he_o to_o defer_v the_o matter_n till_o her_o father_n can_v be_v send_v for_o from_o the_o camp_n to_o defend_v her_o cause_n for_o which_o he_o will_v allow_v but_o one_o day_n he_o immediate_o write_v to_o algedum_fw-la at_o the_o camp_n to_o confine_v virginius_n but_o numitor_n and_o icilius_n brother_n intercept_v the_o letter_n and_o virginius_n pretend_v the_o death_n of_o a_o near_a relation_n get_v leave_v to_o leave_v the_o camp_n and_o come_v post_v to_o the_o city_n the_o next_o day_n virginius_n appear_v at_o the_o place_n to_o the_o great_a surprise_n of_o appius_n he_o and_o his_o daughter_n both_o in_o mourn_v accompany_v with_o several_a weep_a matron_n and_o a_o numerous_a train_n of_o advocate_n the_o whole_a city_n crowd_v into_o the_o forum_n virginius_n prove_v the_o maid_n to_o be_v his_o own_o daughter_n but_o appius_n corrupt_v by_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o power_n and_o inflame_v with_o the_o heat_n of_o his_o lust_n neither_o consider_v the_o just_a defence_n of_o the_o father_n nor_o the_o bitter_a tear_n of_o the_o poor_a virgin_n but_o be_v enrage_v at_o the_o pity_n of_o the_o standard_n by_o think_v himself_o a_o great_a object_n of_o pity_n who_o endure_v more_o for_o her_o beauty_n sake_n than_o she_o herself_o do_v he_o interrupt_v all_o that_o plead_v in_o her_o behalf_n command_v their_o silence_n and_o straight_o judge_v claudius_n to_o be_v right_a lord_n and_o owner_n of_o she_o great_a outcry_n and_o lamentation_n be_v make_v as_o well_o by_o other_o as_o the_o virgin_n and_o her_o relation_n all_o know_v she_o be_v doom_v to_o the_o tyrant_n lust_n appius_n command_v all_o to_o depart_v and_o order_v claudius_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o his_o slave_n virginius_n find_v no_o relief_n desire_v he_o may_v speak_v a_o word_n with_o his_o daughter_n before_o he_o part_v from_o she_o which_o be_v grant_v he_o drag_v her_o hanââng_n about_o he_o to_o a_o butcher_n stall_n hard_o by_o and_o ãâã_d bewail_v her_o deplorable_a condition_n where_o catch_v a_o knife_n in_o his_o hand_n he_o say_v daughter_n i_o will_v send_v thou_o to_o our_o ancestor_n both_o free_a and_o unspotted_a for_o the_o merciless_a tyrant_n will_v suffer_v thou_o to_o be_v neither_o here_o and_o thereupon_o stab_v she_o to_o the_o heart_n then_o cast_v his_o angry_a eye_n up_o to_o the_o tribunal_n he_o cry_v out_o appius_n thou_o tyrant_n with_o this_o blood_n i_o doom_n thou_o to_o certain_a death_n with_o the_o bloody_a knife_n in_o his_o hand_n in_o a_o great_a rage_n and_o fury_n he_o run_v through_o the_o city_n wild_o call_v upon_o the_o people_n in_o all_o place_n to_o regain_v their_o liberty_n and_o come_v to_o the_o gate_n rod_n post_n to_o the_o army_n a_o company_n of_o 400_o plebeian_n follow_v he_o in_o this_o posture_n virginius_n arrive_v at_o the_o camp_n with_o the_o knife_n and_o his_o clothes_n all_o bloody_a where_o with_o all_o his_o rhetoric_n and_o pathetic_a reason_n he_o persuade_v they_o to_o revolt_v from_o the_o ten_o and_o redeem_v their_o sink_a country_n show_v they_o likewise_o that_o their_o sacramentum_fw-la or_o military_a oath_n be_v no_o way_n bind_v in_o this_o case_n because_o the_o oath_n suppose_v the_o commander_n to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o law_n which_o the_o ten_o be_v not_o have_v usurp_v all_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n they_o can_v pretend_v to_o the_o army_n ready_a enough_o for_o such_o a_o design_n immediate_o decamp_v some_o few_o centurion_n only_o remain_v and_o take_v their_o station_n on_o mount_n aventine_n and_o the_o next_o day_n fortify_v their_o camp_n choose_v ten_o captain_n whereof_o one_o opius_n be_v chief_a and_o soon_o after_o come_v great_a party_n from_o the_o other_o army_n who_o be_v much_o offend_v at_o the_o murder_n of_o siccius_n and_o join_v they_o and_o this_o be_v the_o second_o separation_n of_o the_o commons_o appius_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v endeavour_v by_o force_n to_o suppress_v the_o disturbance_n he_o have_v raise_v in_o the_o city_n be_v so_o overpower_a by_o the_o party_n of_o valerius_n and_o horatius_n former_o mention_v that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o keep_v himself_o to_o his_o house_n opius_n one_o of_o the_o decemviri_fw-la assemble_v the_o father_n and_o urge_v the_o punishment_n of_o all_o deserter_n but_o the_o senate_n be_v so_o sensible_a of_o the_o threaten_a danger_n and_o misery_n of_o the_o state_n that_o they_o be_v glad_a to_o come_v to_o any_o agreement_n with_o the_o â_z therefore_o to_o compose_v all_o difference_n they_o immediate_o dispatch_v messenger_n to_o the_o army_n which_o have_v late_o remove_v to_o the_o holy_a mount_n as_o they_o have_v once_o do_v above_o 40_o year_n before_o where_o the_o people_n demand_v to_o have_v the_o same_o form_n of_o government_n as_o be_v settle_v before_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o decemviri_fw-la which_o be_v ready_o grant_v they_o the_o people_n all_o return_v home_o to_o the_o city_n thus_o in_o less_o than_o three_o year_n time_n end_v the_o famous_a decemvirate_n iii_o valerius_n and_o horatius_n be_v for_o their_o service_n make_v consul_n for_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o year_n 304._o these_o prefer_v divers_a law_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o the_o great_a regret_n of_o the_o patritian_n whereof_o one_o be_v that_o such_o law_n as_o the_o commons_o enact_v in_o the_o comitia_fw-la tributa_fw-la shall_v have_v the_o same_o force_n as_o those_o make_v in_o the_o comitia_fw-la centuriata_fw-la which_o be_v a_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o people_n after_o this_o the_o tribunes_z whereof_o virginius_n be_v one_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o call_v the_o decemviri_fw-la to_o a_o account_n appius_n be_v commit_v to_o prison_n no_o bail_n be_v allow_v he_o but_o before_o his_o trial_n be_v find_v dead_a but_o by_o what_o mean_n be_v uncertain_a opius_n the_o next_o to_o he_o in_o gild_n be_v accuse_v and_o be_v condemn_v dyâd_v the_o same_o day_n in_o prison_n by_o his_o own_o hand_n the_o other_o eight_o banish_v themselves_o and_o claudius_n the_o pretend_a master_n of_o virginia_n be_v drive_v out_o after_o they_o with_o which_o justice_n the_o state_n be_v satisfy_v and_o indemnity_n grant_v to_o all_o other_o affair_n thus_o settle_v the_o consul_n take_v the_o field_n against_o the_o aequi_n volsci_n and_o sabine_n and_o so_o successful_o as_o to_o deserve_v a_o triumph_n but_o the_o senate_n give_v they_o a_o repulse_v for_o make_v law_n so_o much_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o so_o disadvantageous_a to_o the_o patrician_n privilege_n the_o consul_n
can_v not_o get_v in_o one_o of_o the_o commons_o which_o be_v a_o great_a mortification_n to_o the_o multitude_n at_o two_o year_n end_n the_o senate_n take_v occasion_n from_o the_o war_n of_o the_o aequi_n and_o volsci_n to_o bring_v in_o consul_n again_o and_o partly_o for_o the_o enemy_n great_a preparation_n and_o partly_o for_o the_o violent_a humour_n of_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n a_o dictator_n be_v likewise_o create_v though_o against_o the_o consul_n consent_n 322._o this_o be_v posthumius_fw-la tubero_n who_o have_v julius_n vopiscus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n who_o have_v finish_v this_o war_n successful_o triumph_v and_o lay_v down_o his_o office_n for_o four_o year_n after_o this_o they_o have_v consul_n in_o which_o space_n little_o be_v act_v abroad_o or_o at_o home_n then_o the_o commons_o prevail_v to_o have_v military_a tribune_n again_o create_v 326._o which_o be_v now_o the_o five_o time_n and_o they_o have_v four_o in_o number_n but_o still_o they_o can_v not_o bring_v about_o their_o design_n in_o this_o year_n fidenae_n revolt_v again_o and_o join_v with_o the_o veientes_n whereupon_o three_o of_o the_o consular_a tribune_n be_v send_v against_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o four_o leave_v to_o govern_v the_o city_n when_o they_o proceed_v to_o a_o engagement_n one_o of_o the_o tribune_n cry_v charge_n another_o cry_a halt_n all_o three_o be_v of_o a_o several_a mind_n till_o there_o be_v such_o confusion_n that_o the_o roman_n betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o heel_n and_o flee_v which_o sufficient_o convince_v they_o of_o the_o folly_n of_o have_v several_a general_n in_o one_o army_n the_o city_n upon_o this_o be_v put_v into_o such_o a_o consternation_n that_o immediate_o a_o dictator_n be_v create_v which_o be_v aemilius_n 327._o a_o three_o time_n who_o choose_v cossus_n who_o have_v obtain_v the_o last_o opima_fw-la spolia_fw-la for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n by_o the_o prudence_n and_o valour_n of_o these_o two_o the_o veientes_n be_v overthrow_v and_o fidenae_n once_o more_o take_v and_o plunder_v then_o aemilius_n return_v to_o rome_n in_o triumph_n lay_v down_o his_o office_n after_o he_o have_v hold_v it_o but_o 17_o day_n for_o two_o year_n after_o this_o military_a tribune_n continue_v at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o the_o senate_n take_v occasion_n from_o the_o war_n with_o the_o volsci_n and_o the_o absence_n of_o those_o magistrate_n to_o bring_v in_o consul_n again_o notwithstanding_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n oppose_v it_o as_o much_o as_o possible_a but_o sempronius_n one_o of_o the_o consul_n manage_v this_o war_n very_o careless_o the_o tribune_n from_o thence_o take_v advantage_n and_o military_a tribune_n be_v create_v again_o the_o next_o year_n this_o be_v for_o one_o year_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o the_o senate_n procure_v consul_n to_o be_v make_v again_o and_o capitolinus_n one_o of_o they_o gain_v advantage_n enough_o over_o the_o aequi_n to_o procure_v he_o a_o ovation_n when_o this_o year_n be_v expire_v there_o happen_v so_o great_a a_o contention_n about_o two_o quaestor_n or_o treasurer_n who_o the_o commons_o will_v have_v create_v out_o of_o their_o body_n that_o the_o state_n fall_v into_o a_o interregnum_fw-la papirius_n be_v interrex_n for_o a_o composure_n procure_v military_a tribune_n to_o be_v again_o admit_v and_o four_o quaestor_n which_o be_v two_o more_o than_o former_o to_o be_v create_v either_o out_o of_o the_o patritian_n or_o plebeian_n 333._o as_o the_o people_n shall_v think_v most_o proper_a in_o their_o comitia_fw-la notwithstanding_o this_o though_o many_o of_o the_o commons_o strive_v for_o it_o not_o one_o of_o they_o can_v get_v to_o be_v either_o military_a tribune_n or_o so_o much_o as_o quaestor_n which_o much_o incense_v the_o people_n in_o the_o second_o year_n after_o this_o military_a tribune_n still_o continue_v the_o slave_n conspire_v to_o fire_n the_o city_n and_o seize_v on_o the_o capitol_n but_o the_o plot_n be_v timely_o find_v out_o and_o the_o discoverer_n great_o reward_v the_o follow_a year_n the_o aequi_n join_v with_o the_o people_n of_o lavicum_fw-la press_v hard_o upon_o the_o roman_a territory_n and_o the_o consular_a tribune_n quarrel_v among_o themselves_o for_o the_o superiority_n they_o get_v great_a advantage_n 335._o insomuch_o that_o a_o dictator_n be_v create_v which_o be_v servilius_n priscus_n a_o second_o time_n who_o choose_v his_o son_n axilla_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n servilius_z soon_o dispatch_v his_o business_n and_o lay_v down_o his_o office_n after_o he_o have_v keep_v it_o but_o eight_o day_n after_o this_o for_o four_o year_n successive_o be_v military_a tribune_n instead_o of_o consul_n till_o new_a contention_n arise_v between_o the_o patritian_n and_o plebeian_n though_o partly_o from_o old_a heartburning_n and_o especial_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o agrarian_a law_n the_o state_n fall_v again_o into_o a_o interregnum_fw-la fabius_n be_v interrex_n bring_v in_o consul_n again_o which_o government_n continue_v for_o five_o year_n long_o in_o which_o space_n of_o time_n not_o very_o much_o be_v transact_v either_o abroad_o or_o at_o home_n in_o the_o five_o year_n the_o commons_o be_v cross_v in_o their_o design_n of_o bring_v in_o military_a tribune_n bestir_v themselves_o so_o much_o as_o to_o procure_v three_o of_o the_o quaestor_n to_o be_v create_v out_o of_o their_o own_o rank_n who_o be_v the_o first_o plebeian_n quaestor_n that_o ever_o be_v in_o rome_n 344._o the_o aequi_n and_o the_o volsci_n strengthen_v by_o confederacy_n make_v great_a ravages_n in_o the_o roman_a dominion_n and_o the_o commons_o refuse_v to_o list_n themselves_o according_a to_o their_o usual_a custom_n procure_v military_a tribune_n again_o who_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n but_o with_o so_o little_a success_n 345._o that_o a_o dictator_n be_v think_v necessary_a to_o be_v create_v this_o be_v cornelius_n cossus_n former_o mention_v who_o appoint_v servilius_n ahala_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n overthrow_v they_o in_o one_o battle_n waste_v their_o country_n and_o then_o return_v two_o year_n after_o the_o patritian_n and_o plebeian_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n reconcile_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o great_a plunder_n of_o anxur_n or_o terracina_n take_v from_o the_o volsci_n but_o especial_o by_o a_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n for_o the_o public_a pay_n of_o the_o army_n with_o brass_n money_n before_o which_o time_n every_o soldier_n bear_v his_o own_o charge_n in_o the_o war_n as_o be_v hint_v former_o and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n of_o the_o pay_v of_o soldier_n in_o rome_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o 347th_o year_n of_o the_o city_n the_o take_n of_o anxur_n and_o some_o other_o place_n from_o the_o volsci_n in_o a_o short_a time_n bring_v they_o to_o a_o peace_n and_o now_o the_o roman_a dominion_n be_v considerable_o increase_v iii_o about_o the_o same_o time_n 347._o war_n be_v proclaim_v against_o the_o veientes_n with_o that_o resolution_n and_o carry_v on_o with_o that_o vigour_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o one_o of_o the_o two_o city_n must_v fall_v veii_n be_v a_o exceed_a large_a strong_a and_o wealthy_a city_n and_o have_v not_o only_o be_v a_o rival_n to_o rome_n for_o many_o year_n but_o have_v always_o be_v so_o perfidious_a that_o a_o full_a revenge_n be_v necessary_a the_o roman_n invest_v the_o city_n but_o it_o be_v seat_v upon_o a_o craggy_a rock_n they_o soon_o find_v it_o will_v cost_v they_o several_a year_n siege_n so_o that_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o carry_v it_o on_o both_o winter_n and_o summer_n the_o soldier_n lie_v under_o beast-skin_n at_o this_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o repine_v as_o a_o thing_n whole_o new_a and_o dangerous_a complain_v likewise_o of_o the_o payment_n of_o soldier_n as_o a_o innovation_n and_o a_o unjust_a artifice_n to_o ruin_v the_o commons_o and_o the_o next_o year_n they_o get_v the_o number_n of_o the_o military_a tribune_n to_o be_v increase_v from_o four_o to_o six_o 348._o as_o it_o be_v at_o first_o design_v but_o still_o can_v not_o procure_v one_o plebeian_n to_o be_v elect_v and_o this_o number_n continue_v always_o for_o the_o future_a new_a stir_v daily_o arise_v notwithstanding_o the_o great_a diversion_n by_o war_n sometime_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o little_a success_n against_o veii_n the_o tribune_n blame_v the_o commander_n and_o prohibit_v the_o tax_n which_o have_v be_v lay_v upon_o the_o city_n ever_o since_o the_o soldier_n have_v receive_v pay_n about_o six_o year_n after_o they_o renew_v their_o ancient_n contest_v about_o the_o agrarian_a law_n and_o carry_v it_o on_o so_o far_o as_o to_o get_v it_o promulge_v among_o themselves_o though_o not_o in_o the_o senate_n and_o in_o the_o same_o year_n after_o much_o trouble_v and_o
pain_n 353._o they_o procure_v one_o plebeian_n to_o be_v elect_v into_o the_o consular_a tribune_n licinius_n calvus_n be_v the_o person_n they_o extreme_o applaud_v themselves_o for_o this_o it_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o the_o commons_o can_v make_v themselves_o sharer_n in_o the_o high_a office_n and_o now_o they_o most_o ready_o permit_v the_o pay_n of_o the_o army_n to_o be_v gather_v all_o stir_v be_v for_o a_o while_n lay_v aside_o the_o siege_n of_o veii_n be_v still_o carry_v on_o from_o year_n to_o year_n but_o with_o various_a success_n and_o under_o divers_a commander_n sometime_o all_o the_o besieger_n work_n be_v destroy_v and_o the_o man_n drive_v back_o with_o great_a loss_n by_o sally_n from_o the_o town_n then_o the_o falisci_n one_o of_o the_o twelve_o nation_n of_o hetruria_n join_v with_o the_o veientes_n and_o very_o much_o annoy_v the_o roman_n sometime_o to_o the_o great_a hazard_n of_o their_o whole_a army_n beside_o the_o roman_a force_n be_v much_o divert_v by_o the_o volsci_n who_o sudden_o take_v anxur_n and_o though_o in_o no_o long_a time_n it_o be_v retake_v yet_o still_o it_o be_v great_a hindrance_n to_o the_o siege_n of_o veii_n in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o this_o siege_n furius_n camillus_n a_o person_n extraordinary_a for_o courage_n and_o valour_n as_o well_o as_o other_o excellency_n be_v make_v one_o of_o the_o censor_n he_o find_v the_o war_n lay_v heavy_a cause_v the_o bachelor_n to_o marry_v the_o widow_n of_o such_o as_o have_v lose_v their_o life_n for_o their_o country_n and_o likewise_o be_v the_o first_o who_o oblige_v orphan_n to_o pay_v tax_n two_o year_n after_o he_o be_v make_v one_o of_o the_o military_a tribune_n but_o little_o fall_v to_o his_o share_n then_o three_o year_n after_o that_o which_o be_v the_o eight_o year_n of_o the_o siege_n he_o be_v a_o second_o time_n make_v military_a tribune_n in_o which_o time_n he_o march_v against_o the_o falisci_n and_o capenates_n both_o confederate_n of_o the_o veientes_n and_o great_a disturber_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o siege_n and_o force_v they_o all_o into_o their_o town_n of_o defence_n the_o tediousness_n of_o the_o siege_n make_v the_o roman_n resolve_v to_o carry_v it_o on_o with_o the_o utmost_a vigour_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n they_o create_v camillus_n dictator_n 357._o and_o he_o appoint_v cornâlius_n scipio_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n camillus_n draw_v out_o all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v raise_v and_o make_v a_o solemn_a vow_n that_o if_o he_o take_v veii_n he_o will_v dedicate_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o plunder_n to_o apollo_n then_o march_v into_o the_o country_n of_o the_o falisci_n he_o overthrow_v they_o in_o a_o great_a battle_n together_o with_o the_o capenate_v their_o confederate_n and_o after_o that_o he_o turn_v all_o his_o force_n against_o veii_n all_o people_n great_o expect_v the_o avent_n of_o this_o important_a siege_n camillus_n find_v it_o very_o hazardous_a to_o attempt_v the_o storm_a a_o place_n of_o that_o strength_n both_o by_o art_n and_o nature_n secret_o wrought_v a_o mine_n into_o it_o with_o vast_a labour_n and_o find_v the_o city_n incapable_a of_o relief_n send_v to_o the_o senate_n who_o order_v all_o who_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o share_v in_o the_o rich_a spoil_n immediate_o to_o repair_v to_o the_o army_n which_o cause_v great_a multitude_n of_o all_o rank_n to_o go_v thither_o camillus_n at_o a_o appoint_a time_n order_v a_o party_n of_o man_n to_o enter_v the_o mine_n who_o with_o ease_n become_v master_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o great_a amazement_n of_o the_o besiege_a thus_o be_v the_o rich_a and_o strong_a city_n of_o veii_n take_v like_o a_o second_o troy_n after_o ten_o year_n siege_n which_o enrich_v the_o roman_n with_o vast_a plunder_n as_o for_o camillus_n himself_o he_o transport_v with_o the_o honour_n of_o subdue_a the_o great_a rival_n of_o rome_n triumph_v after_o a_o more_o magnificent_a manner_n than_o ordinary_a have_v his_o chariot_n draw_v by_o four_o milkwhite_a steed_n a_o thing_n which_o the_o roman_n look_v upon_o as_o sacred_a and_o peculiar_a to_o the_o king_n and_o father_n of_o the_o god_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v much_o offend_v at_o his_o carriage_n and_o indeed_o no_o man_n either_o before_o or_o since_o he_o ever_o assume_v so_o much_o honour_n to_o himself_o soon_o after_o the_o take_n of_o veii_n the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n who_o be_v ever_o restless_a propose_v a_o law_n to_o divide_v the_o senate_n and_o people_n into_o two_o part_n whereof_o one_o shall_v stay_v at_o rome_n and_o the_o other_o remove_n to_o veii_n and_o there_o settle_v this_o separation_n as_o they_o imagine_v be_v a_o ready_a mean_n for_o the_o enrich_n of_o both_o by_o the_o possession_n of_o two_o such_o considerable_a city_n the_o plebeian_n now_o rich_a as_o well_o as_o numerous_n press_v hard_o for_o this_o division_n but_o the_o patritian_n judge_v it_o will_v prove_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o state_n as_o earnest_o oppose_v it_o betake_v themselves_o to_o camillus_n who_o by_o prudent_o employ_v and_o various_o divert_v the_o multitude_n with_o much_o difficulty_n put_v it_o off_o but_o with_o the_o hatred_n of_o many_o of_o the_o commons_o but_o not_o long_o after_o there_o happen_v a_o great_a and_o more_o apparent_a cause_n of_o their_o hatred_n to_o he_o occasion_v by_o his_o neglect_v either_o through_o business_n or_o forgetfulness_n while_o he_o continue_v dictator_n to_o offer_v those_o ten_o of_o the_o spoil_n of_o veii_n which_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o expedition_n he_o have_v vow_v to_o apollo_n when_o therefore_o he_o have_v lay_v down_o his_o office_n he_o move_v the_o people_n to_o restore_v the_o ten_o of_o what_o they_o have_v receive_v and_o the_o priest_n also_o report_v that_o all_o the_o sacrifice_n portend_v the_o anger_n of_o the_o god_n which_o must_v be_v appease_v by_o gift_n so_o that_o the_o soldier_n who_o have_v already_o spend_v what_o they_o have_v gain_v upon_o their_o necessary_a occasion_n be_v force_v upon_o oath_n to_o restore_v the_o ten_o part_n to_o apollo_n which_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o very_a hard_a injunction_n and_o cause_v great_a murmur_n among_o the_o people_n now_o because_o there_o be_v little_a gold_n in_o the_o city_n the_o lady_n free_o contribute_v their_o dress_n and_o ornament_n which_o amount_v to_o eight_o talent_n in_o gold_n and_o the_o senate_n in_o requital_n of_o this_o generous_a act_n decree_v that_o woman_n shall_v for_o the_o future_a have_v the_o privilege_n and_o honour_n of_o funeral_n oration_n which_o before_o have_v never_o be_v allow_v âem_v the_o commons_o still_o grow_v more_o turbulent_a and_o uneasy_a and_o move_v again_o for_o a_o separation_n the_o war_n with_o the_o falisci_n happy_o fall_v out_o to_o divert_v they_o for_o which_o camillus_n be_v make_v military_a tribune_n a_o three_o time_n 36â_n he_o soon_o invest_v falerii_n the_o chief_a city_n a_o large_a and_o strong_a place_n 25_o mile_n almost_o north-west_n of_o rome_n where_o the_o schoolmaster_n of_o the_o town_n draw_v ãâã_d his_o âoys_n into_o the_o roman_a trench_n and_o offer_v he_o to_o betray_v the_o town_n by_o deliver_v up_o the_o son_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o magistrate_n camillus_n noble_a spirit_n will_v not_o permit_v he_o to_o hearken_v to_o such_o baseness_n but_o out_o of_o a_o extraordinary_a greatness_n of_o mind_n he_o immediate_o order_v the_o schoolmaster_n to_o be_v strip_v his_o hand_n tie_v behind_o he_o and_o in_o that_o ignominious_a manner_n to_o be_v whip_v into_o the_o town_n by_o his_o own_o boy_n the_o magistrate_n be_v so_o affect_v with_o the_o great_a generosity_n of_o the_o roman_a that_o they_o immediate_o yield_v and_o the_o senate_n leave_v the_o condition_n to_o camillus_n he_o only_o fine_v they_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n and_o receive_v they_o with_o all_o the_o falisci_n into_o friendship_n but_o the_o soldier_n who_o expect_v great_a plunder_n be_v extreme_o disgu_v and_o from_o that_o instant_a seek_v his_o ruin_n this_o same_o year_n the_o senate_n with_o much_o difficulty_n procure_v consul_n to_o be_v choose_v instead_o of_o military_a tribune_n after_o a_o intermission_n of_o 15_o year_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v consul_n also_o be_v choose_v again_o but_o in_o the_o three_o year_n military_a tribune_n in_o which_o time_n the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n move_v again_o for_o a_o separation_n but_o be_v so_o sharp_o oppose_v by_o camillus_n that_o in_o revenge_n they_o accuse_v he_o of_o fraudulent_a practice_n in_o the_o plunder_n of_o the_o late_a war_n camillus_n find_v the_o multitude_n exasperate_v against_o he_o for_o several_a reason_n and_o that_o they_o be_v now_o ready_a to_o condemn_v he_o leave_v the_o city_n but_o first_o lift_v up_o his_o hand_n towards_o the_o capitol_n
he_o pray_v that_o if_o his_o banishment_n be_v unjust_a and_o mere_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o rage_n and_o malice_n of_o the_o multitude_n they_o may_v sudden_o repent_v it_o and_o that_o it_o may_v visible_o appear_v to_o the_o world_n how_o much_o the_o roman_n be_v oblige_v by_o his_o action_n and_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o his_o presence_n thus_o like_o achilles_n leave_v his_o imprecation_n on_o the_o citizen_n he_o go_v into_o banishment_n be_v fine_v 15000_o ass_n iv._o about_o this_o same_o time_n 363._o many_o thousand_o of_o the_o gaul_n find_v their_o own_o country_n too_o narrow_a for_o they_o and_o desirous_a of_o remove_v under_o the_o conduct_n of_o brennus_n their_o king_n break_v into_o hetruria_n and_o invest_v clusium_n a_o city_n in_o alliance_n with_o rome_n these_o be_v the_o galli_n senones_n a_o very_a numerous_a and_o warlike_a people_n inhabit_v most_o of_o that_o part_n of_o italy_n which_o now_o go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o lombardy_n and_o which_o the_o etrurians_n have_v be_v master_n of_o before_o they_o a_o people_n vast_a in_o body_n rude_a by_o nature_n barbarous_a in_o condition_n and_o wander_v as_o rover_n over_o many_o country_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o clusium_n much_o affright_v at_o their_o great_a number_n and_o dreadful_a look_n send_v immediate_o to_o rome_n beg_v that_o state_n to_o interpose_v by_o send_v ambassador_n and_o letter_n to_o dissuade_v these_o unjust_a aggressor_n from_o proceed_v in_o their_o enterprise_n the_o senate_n willing_a to_o perform_v this_o friendly_a part_n dispatch_v ambassador_n to_o the_o ãâã_d choose_v out_o three_o of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o ãâã_d person_n of_o the_o great_a quality_n and_o the_o most_o honourable_a in_o the_o city_n for_o that_o office_n the_o gaul_n at_o first_o receive_v they_o courteous_o enough_o and_o come_v to_o a_o conference_n with_o they_o the_o ambassador_n demand_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o their_o present_a undertake_n and_o what_o injury_n the_o clusian_o have_v do_v they_o brennus_n make_v answer_v somewhat_o sharp_o that_o they_o have_v much_o injure_v they_o by_o refuse_v to_o part_v with_o some_o of_o their_o land_n when_o they_o have_v more_o than_o they_o themselves_o can_v easy_o manage_v and_o this_o be_v nothing_o more_o than_o what_o the_o roman_n themselves_o have_v do_v to_o the_o alban_n the_o fidenates_n the_o ardeate_n the_o veientes_n and_o many_o other_o people_n that_o they_o make_v war_n with_o these_o reflection_n so_o enrage_v the_o ambassador_n that_o they_o immediate_o stir_v up_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o make_v a_o sally_n against_o the_o besieger_n they_o themselves_o head_v '_o they_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o fight_n fabius_n amâusius_n one_o of_o the_o three_o kill_v a_o gaul_n of_o huge_a bulk_n and_o be_v discover_v while_o he_o be_v disarm_v of_o he_o whereupon_o brennus_n move_v with_o a_o just_a indignation_n immediate_o break_v up_o the_o siege_n and_o march_v direct_o for_o rome_n brennus_n that_o he_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o do_v any_o thing_n mean_o or_o unjust_o send_v first_o to_o rome_n demand_v the_o ambassador_n to_o be_v deliver_v up_o as_o have_v break_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o favour_v so_o far_o prevail_v above_o equity_n that_o the_o matter_n be_v refer_v from_o the_o senate_n to_o the_o people_n no_o satisfaction_n can_v be_v have_v from_o either_o nay_o further_o the_o ambassador_n themselves_o be_v with_o three_o other_o create_v military_a tribune_n for_o carry_v on_o the_o war._n the_o gaul_n hear_v this_o in_o a_o great_a rage_n hasten_v their_o march_n breathe_v out_o nothing_o revenge_n and_o destruction_n to_o rome_n the_o place_n through_o which_o they_o march_v be_v so_o terrify_v with_o their_o number_n the_o fierceness_n of_o their_o nature_n and_o their_o dreadful_a preparation_n of_o war_n that_o they_o give_v their_o country_n for_o lose_v but_o contrary_a to_o their_o expectation_n they_o do_v no_o injury_n as_o they_o march_v cry_v that_o the_o roman_n only_o be_v their_o enemy_n and_o that_o they_o take_v all_o other_o for_o their_o friend_n the_o roman_n meet_v they_o at_o the_o river_n allia_n 11_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 40000_o foot_n but_o most_o of_o they_o raw_a and_o unskilful_a man_n 364._o and_o what_o be_v more_o dangerous_a under_o the_o conduct_n of_o several_a commander_n in_o this_o condition_n they_o engage_v the_o gaul_n without_o either_o order_n or_o discipline_n or_o scarce_o any_o courage_n and_o be_v miserable_o defeat_v the_o left_a wing_n be_v immediate_o drive_v into_o the_o river_n and_o there_o entire_o cut_v off_o the_o right_o escape_v better_o though_o with_o great_a loss_n some_o drop_n into_o rome_n the_o rest_n as_o many_o as_o escape_v steal_v by_o night_n to_o veii_n give_v rome_n for_o lose_v and_o all_o that_o be_v in_o it_o for_o ruine_a this_o day_n be_v ever_o after_o brand_v for_o a_o unlucky_a day_n by_o the_o roman_n wherein_o no_o work_n of_o note_n be_v to_o be_v do_v and_o be_v call_v alliensis_n in_o their_o calendar_n never_o be_v rome_n in_o the_o like_a consternation_n as_o at_o the_o news_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o this_o battle_n and_o the_o sudden_a approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n nothing_o but_o miserable_a howl_n and_o lamentation_n be_v hear_v on_o all_o part_n some_o leave_v the_o city_n other_o creep_v into_o holes_n priest_n hide_v their_o relic_n woman_n run_v like_o distract_a person_n with_o their_o child_n in_o their_o arm_n and_o every_o one_o shift_v for_o himself_o so_o that_o rome_n become_v abandon_v and_o be_v leave_v open_a to_o the_o rage_n and_o fury_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o they_o who_o resolve_v to_o stay_v at_o rome_n quit_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o capitol_n which_o they_o fortify_v in_o order_n to_o hold_v out_o a_o siege_n only_o some_o of_o the_o pontifices_fw-la and_o priest_n and_o the_o most_o ancient_a of_o the_o senator_n such_o as_o have_v be_v honour_v with_o several_a consulship_n and_o triumph_n who_o can_v not_o endure_v to_o think_v of_o leave_v the_o city_n put_v on_o all_o their_o robe_n of_o state_n place_v themselves_o in_o the_o forum_n on_o their_o ivory_n chair_n resolve_v since_o they_o have_v live_v in_o honour_n to_o die_v in_o state_n and_o in_o that_o noble_a posture_n expect_v the_o utmost_a of_o what_o will_v follow_v on_o the_o three_o day_n after_o the_o victory_n the_o easiness_n of_o which_o much_o amaze_v the_o gaul_n brennus_n appear_v with_o all_o his_o force_n before_o the_o city_n and_o find_v the_o gate_n wide_o open_a the_o wall_n unguarded_a and_o all_o thing_n defenceless_a begin_v to_o suspect_v at_o first_o some_o stratagem_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o after_o a_o little_a consideration_n he_o enter_v the_o city_n and_o march_v into_o the_o forum_n he_o be_v more_o surprise_v than_o ever_o to_o find_v so_o many_o man_n sit_v all_o in_o that_o remarkable_a order_n and_o profound_a silence_n like_v so_o many_o statue_n their_o splendid_a habit_n and_o ornament_n their_o steady_a unconcern'dness_n their_o majestic_a gravity_n their_o venerable_a look_n together_o with_o that_o air_n of_o greatness_n which_o appear_v in_o they_o make_v the_o gaul_n imagine_v they_o to_o be_v a_o assembly_n of_o the_o god_n or_o at_o least_o somewhat_o more_o than_o human_a till_o one_o bold_a than_o the_o rest_n stroke_v papirius_n beard_n be_v strike_v by_o he_o with_o his_o ivory_n staff_n whereupon_o he_o immediate_o kill_v the_o old_a man._n upon_o which_o begin_v the_o slaughter_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o gaul_n follow_v his_o example_n set_v upon_o the_o rest_n and_o kill_v they_o all_o without_o mercy_n or_o distinction_n and_o continue_v their_o rage_n and_o fury_n dispatch_v all_o that_o come_v in_o their_o way_n in_o this_o manner_n they_o proceed_v sack_v and_o plunder_v the_o house_n for_o many_o day_n together_o then_o set_v the_o whole_a city_n in_o flame_n burn_v down_o every_o house_n to_o the_o ground_n thus_o be_v the_o famous_a city_n of_o rome_n lay_v all_o in_o ash_n except_o the_o capitol_n occasion_v by_o the_o roman_n manifest_a breach_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n this_o happen_v 364_o year_n after_o it_o be_v first_o build_v 119_o after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o king_n anno_fw-la mundi_fw-la 3615_o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o the_o 97th_o olympiad_n 60_o year_n before_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o persian_a empire_n and_o the_o set_n up_o of_o the_o macedonian_a by_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o 388_o before_o our_o saviour_n christ_n nativity_n chap._n vi_o from_o the_o burn_a of_o rome_n by_o the_o gaul_n to_o the_o war_n with_o the_o samnite_n when_o the_o roman_n begin_v much_o to_o extend_v their_o conquest_n contain_v the_o space_n of_o 46_o year_n i._o room_n now_o feel_v the_o utmost_a
their_o friendship_n or_o diminish_v their_o strength_n but_o this_o prudent_a counsel_n will_v not_o be_v hear_v so_o the_o roman_n have_v these_o article_n allow_v they_o first_o that_o their_o army_n shall_v march_v away_o only_o with_o their_o under_z garment_n have_v first_o in_o token_n of_o slavery_n pass_v under_o the_o jugum_n or_o gallow_n second_o they_o shall_v whole_o quit_v all_o samnium_n and_o remove_v all_o their_o colony_n and_o three_o both_o roman_a and_o samnite_n shall_v live_v under_o the_o same_o term_n of_o confederacy_n and_o alliance_n the_o roman_n be_v constrain_v to_o submit_v to_o these_o disgraceful_a article_n and_o with_o wonderful_a shame_n anger_n and_o confusion_n return_v to_o capua_n disarm_v and_o half_a naked_a and_o from_o thence_o to_o rome_n the_o whole_a city_n be_v most_o sensible_o afflict_v at_o this_o shameful_a disaster_n their_o generous_a blood_n boil_v in_o their_o vein_n and_o nothing_o but_o fury_n and_o revenge_n appear_v in_o their_o face_n the_o consul_n refuse_v to_o appear_v abroad_o or_o to_o act_v for_o which_o reason_n a_o dictator_n be_v create_v for_o hold_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o a_o new_a election_n which_o be_v aemilius_n papus_n 432._o who_o appoint_v valerius_n flaccus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n but_o instead_o of_o a_o election_n of_o consul_n the_o state_n for_o a_o while_o fall_v into_o a_o interregnum_fw-la there_o be_v nothing_o but_o grief_n and_o vexation_n in_o all_o place_n and_o the_o whole_a city_n put_v into_o mourn_v but_o the_o year_n follow_v consul_n be_v choose_v papirius_n cursor_n and_o publilius_n philo_n be_v the_o person_n and_o the_o senate_n be_v assemble_v posthumius_fw-la one_o of_o the_o last_o year_n consul_n generous_o offer_v himself_o to_o be_v deliver_v together_o with_o his_o colleague_n up_o to_o the_o enemy_n and_o so_o to_o break_v the_o caudine_n treaty_n urge_v that_o only_o they_o two_o be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v the_o article_n and_o not_o the_o state_n which_o be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o what_o be_v do_v this_o be_v grateful_o accept_v of_o but_o pontius_n refuse_v to_o receive_v they_o great_o exclaim_v against_o the_o perfidiousness_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o the_o army_n soon_o march_v against_o they_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o papirius_n and_o sufficient_o revenge_v themselves_o of_o all_o former_a affront_v overthrow_v they_o in_o several_a battle_n make_v they_o all_o pass_v under_o the_o jugum_fw-la recover_v several_a town_n and_o free_v the_o 600_o hostage_n which_o they_o have_v deliver_v to_o they_o in_o the_o caudine_n treaty_n so_o that_o the_o samnite_n can_v very_o hardly_o obtain_v a_o two_o year_n truce_n in_o the_o time_n of_o this_o truce_n two_o new_a tribe_n be_v add_v to_o the_o rest_n namely_o the_o ufentine_a and_o falerine_n 436._o which_o make_v the_o number_n thirty_o one_o the_o samnite_n incouragâd_v by_o some_o other_o break_v their_o truce_n which_o together_o with_o the_o etrurians_n warlike_a preparation_n occasion_v the_o creation_n of_o a_o dictator_n which_o be_v l._n aemilius_n who_o make_v l._n fulvius_n moritious_a his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 437._o and_o in_o a_o bloody_a battle_n overthrow_v the_o enemy_n who_o come_v to_o relieve_v saticula_n which_o he_o have_v invest_v the_o next_o year_n another_o dictator_n be_v create_v to_o carry_v on_o this_o war_n which_o be_v fabius_n maximus_n who_o choose_v aulius_n cerretan_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o take_v saticula_n manage_v the_o war_n with_o great_a success_n against_o the_o samnite_n 438._o and_o considerable_o enlarge_n the_o roman_a dominion_n in_o those_o part_n the_o follow_a year_n a_o dangerous_a conspiracy_n be_v discover_v at_o capua_n and_o this_o occasion_v the_o create_v of_o a_o dictator_n 439._o which_o be_v c._n maenius_n who_o make_v choice_n of_o m._n foslius_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o soon_o suppress_v that_o disturbance_n the_o next_o year_n the_o samnite_n war_n be_v carry_v on_o with_o great_a vigour_n and_o a_o dictator_n create_v which_o be_v c._n paetelius_n who_o make_v m._n foslius_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 440._o and_o gain_v great_a advantage_n over_o the_o enemy_n after_o which_o the_o roman_n have_v a_o short_a breathe_v time_n and_o but_o a_o short_a one_o for_o soon_o after_o the_o etrurians_n make_v great_a threat_n and_o as_o great_a preparation_n another_o dictator_n be_v create_v which_o be_v junius_n bubulcus_n 441._o who_o perform_v little_a against_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o keep_n upon_o the_o defensive_a in_o this_o same_o year_n appius_n claudius_n be_v one_o of_o the_o censor_n make_v the_o famous_a causeway_n or_o highway_n callâd_a via_n appia_n a_o prodigious_a work_n together_o with_o the_o channel_n of_o fresh_a water_n which_o he_o bring_v into_o the_o city_n which_o work_v he_o all_o alone_o accomplish_v according_a to_o livy_n a_o year_n or_o two_o be_v employ_v against_o the_o etrurians_n till_o at_o last_o papirius_n be_v make_v dictator_n 443._o who_o choose_v bubulcus_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n give_v they_o the_o great_a overthrow_n that_o they_o ever_o receive_v yet_o all_o their_o choice_a man_n be_v lose_v and_o from_o that_o time_n they_o be_v never_o able_a to_o perform_v much_o against_o rome_n four_o year_n after_o 447._o a_o dictator_n be_v create_v for_o hold_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o election_n of_o consul_n which_o be_v cornelius_n scipio_n and_o decius_n must_n be_v his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n in_o the_o second_o year_n after_o this_o the_o samnite_n after_o many_o and_o great_a loss_n obtain_v a_o peace_n 12_o year_n after_o they_o break_v their_o truce_n and_o the_o ancient_a league_n be_v renew_v with_o they_o and_o this_o happen_v 37_o year_n after_o the_o first_o war_n with_o that_o nation_n soon_o after_o this_o peace_n be_v conclude_v the_o roman_n turn_v their_o arm_n against_o the_o aequi_n 449._o and_o chastise_v they_o for_o assist_v the_o samnite_n which_o affright_v other_o nation_n into_o subjection_n the_o roman_a dominion_n now_o daily_o increase_v but_o however_o such_o resistance_n be_v make_v as_o they_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o have_v a_o dictator_n which_o be_v junius_n bubulcus_n who_o choose_v m._n titinius_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 451._o and_o in_o eight_o day_n time_n return_v in_o triumph_n in_o less_o than_o a_o year_n after_o the_o fame_n of_o the_o etrurians_n join_v with_o the_o umbrian_n a_o people_n on_o the_o north_n of_o they_o and_o the_o sabine_n occassion_v the_o create_v of_o another_o dictator_n which_o be_v valerius_n maximus_n who_o appoint_v aemilius_n paulus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 452._o this_o dictator_n entire_o break_v the_o power_n of_o all_o the_o etrurians_n reduce_v all_o their_o territory_n to_o the_o roman_a subjection_n which_o happen_v above_o 420_o year_n after_o the_o first_o war_n with_o those_o people_n the_o umbrian_n be_v likewise_o much_o weaken_a and_o lose_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o their_o country_n the_o roman_n still_o extend_v their_o dominion_n on_o all_o side_n and_o continual_o increase_v their_o strength_n during_o some_o sort_n of_o intermission_n abroad_o the_o commons_o begin_v to_o fall_v into_o their_o former_a dissatisfied_a humour_n and_o the_o tribune_n much_o complain_v that_o all_o the_o priest_n and_o augur_n be_v create_v out_o of_o the_o patritian_n and_o urge_v that_o the_o plebeian_n may_v also_o partake_v of_o those_o office_n the_o senate_n make_v no_o great_a opposition_n as_o be_v sufficient_o accustom_a to_o yield_v in_o matter_n of_o great_a moment_n so_o that_o whereas_o at_o present_a there_o be_v but_o four_o chief_a priest_n and_o as_o many_o augur_n answer_v to_o the_o four_o tribe_n in_o the_o city_n now_o four_o more_o be_v add_v and_o to_o those_o five_o more_o out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o in_o this_o same_o year_n valerius_n the_o consul_n prefer_v a_o law_n of_o appeal_n more_o careful_o enact_v which_o be_v the_o three_o time_n this_o law_n be_v confirm_v since_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o king_n and_o always_o occasion_v by_o the_o same_o family_n the_o same_o consul_n fall_v upon_o the_o aequi_n who_o be_v now_o in_o rebellion_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n they_o have_v nothing_o leave_v they_o of_o their_o ancient_a fortune_n but_o the_o stoutness_n of_o their_o temper_n the_o follow_a year_n be_v a_o lustrum_fw-la and_o two_o new_a tribe_n be_v add_v to_o the_o former_a 454._o namely_o the_o aniensis_n and_o the_o tarentine_n which_o now_o make_v the_o whole_a number_n thirty_o three_o the_o city_n be_v also_o much_o increase_v for_o at_o the_o next_o lustrum_fw-la five_o year_n after_o there_o be_v cess_v no_o less_o than_o 262322_o free_a citizen_n within_o a_o year_n after_o this_o the_o samnite_n after_o six_o year_n respite_n break_v their_o league_n with_o the_o
tell_v they_o that_o assistance_n will_v soon_o come_v which_o report_n keep_v the_o roman_n in_o their_o camp_n and_o so_o take_v this_o advantage_n the_o night_n follow_v he_o pass_v undisturbed_a into_o epirus_n with_o 8000_o foot_n and_o 500_o horse_n first_o leave_v a_o garrison_n in_o tarentum_n which_o be_v more_o to_o preserve_v his_o own_o reputation_n than_o for_o any_o other_o use._n thus_o in_o about_o six_o year_n end_v the_o war_n with_o the_o famous_a pyrrhus_n a_o person_n esteem_v the_o able_a commander_n of_o all_o the_o king_n in_o that_o time_n both_o for_o military_a experience_n and_o personal_a valour_n but_o he_o know_v better_o how_o to_o conquer_v than_o how_o to_o keep_v and_o from_o he_o the_o roman_n do_v not_o only_o improve_v the_o art_n of_o encamp_v but_o likewise_o learned_a to_o avoid_v plain_n and_o better_a to_o sustain_v the_o shock_n of_o a_o discipline_v cavalry_n which_o before_o they_o have_v despise_v iv._o the_o roman_a name_n which_o before_o have_v be_v famous_a be_v now_o become_v formidable_a after_o the_o overthrow_n of_o so_o great_a a_o man_n as_o pyrrhus_n which_o make_v way_n for_o far_a conquest_n and_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o the_o second_o year_n after_o pyrrhus_n retreat_n ptolemy_n philadelphus_n king_n of_o egypt_n send_v ambassador_n to_o congratulate_v the_o roman_a success_n 480._o and_o to_o enter_v into_o a_o alliance_n with_o '_o they_o the_o roman_n to_o show_v he_o the_o great_a respect_n likewise_o send_v ambassador_n to_o egypt_n where_o they_o be_v most_o courteous_o receive_v and_o send_v home_o lade_v with_o gift_n and_o present_n the_o follow_a year_n the_o taremines_n not_o be_v able_a to_o remove_v the_o garrison_n pyrrhus_n have_v leave_v under_o milo_n desire_v aid_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o with_o they_o give_v battle_n to_o the_o roman_n be_v overthrow_v milo_n sensible_a how_o unable_a he_o be_v to_o resist_v by_o leave_n from_o the_o consul_n papirius_n depart_v with_o his_o man_n and_o quit_v the_o castle_n which_o the_o roman_n possess_v easy_o become_v master_n of_o the_o city_n the_o wall_n whereof_o they_o demolish_a peace_n and_o liberty_n be_v grant_v to_o all_o the_o citizen_n and_o this_o year_n the_o two_o consul_n triumph_v have_v finish_v both_o the_o tarentine_n and_o samnite_n war_n in_o the_o year_n 481._o the_o latter_a of_o these_o have_v with_o some_o intermission_n continue_v seventy_o one_o year_n and_o over_o these_o the_o roman_n triumph_v thirty_o time_n namely_o consul_n twenty_o six_o dictator_n twice_o and_o proconsul_n as_o many_o now_o the_o roman_n grow_v much_o too_o powerful_a for_o their_o neighbour_n for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o italy_n be_v now_o conquer_v a_o accession_n be_v make_v not_o only_o of_o the_o tarentines_n and_o samnite_n but_o of_o the_o lucanian_o also_o and_o not_o long_o before_o of_o the_o etrurians_n after_o this_o the_o campanian_a legion_n who_o have_v treacherous_o seize_v upon_o rhegium_n and_o keep_v it_o to_o themselves_o be_v besiege_v and_o upon_o surrender_n put_v to_o death_n by_o fifty_o at_o a_o time_n soon_o after_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o apollonia_n in_o illyricum_n send_v ambassador_n to_o rome_n some_o extravagant_a and_o unruly_a nobleman_n fall_v upon_o they_o and_o beat_v they_o but_o the_o roman_n be_v so_o just_a as_o to_o deliver_v they_o up_o to_o the_o apolloniates_n in_o the_o same_o year_n the_o picentes_n be_v subdue_v and_o colony_n be_v send_v to_o ariminum_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o piceni_n and_o to_o beneventum_n in_o that_o of_o the_o samnite_n about_o the_o same_o time_n be_v silver_n first_o coin_v in_o rome_n whereas_o brass_n have_v only_o be_v in_o use_n till_o now_o their_o riches_n be_v increase_v by_o their_o conquest_n 484._o and_o large_a quantity_n of_o silver_n be_v find_v in_o a_o castle_n of_o the_o samnite_n a_o year_n after_o the_o sabine_n who_o some_o year_n past_a have_v be_v make_v denizen_n of_o rome_n receive_v now_o also_o the_o power_n of_o vote_v in_o election_n about_o four_o year_n after_o that_o the_o number_n of_o the_o quaestor_n be_v increase_v from_o four_o to_o eight_o and_o in_o the_o same_o year_n the_o reduction_n of_o the_o umbri_n and_o sallentini_n increase_v together_o with_o the_o city_n of_o brundisium_n 489._o complete_v the_o conquest_n of_o all_o joaly_n now_o be_v the_o roman_a dominion_n much_o large_a than_o ever_o contain_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o old_a italy_n and_o the_o several_a italian_a nation_n be_v about_o 500_o mile_n long_o and_o 130_o broad_a which_o comprehend_v about_o one_o haâf_n of_o that_o country_n which_o now_o go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o italy_n as_o be_v forme_o observe_v just_o at_o the_o same_o time_n begin_v the_o first_o punic_a or_o carthaginian_a war_n in_o the_o 489th_o year_n of_o the_o city_n a._n m._n â740_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o the_o 128th_o olympiad_n 244_o since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n 125_o since_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o city_n by_o the_o gaul_n 65._o since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n by_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o 263_o before_o our_o saviour_n nativity_n chap._n ix_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o first_o punic_a war_n to_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o the_o roman_n now_o grow_v powerful_a by_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o by_o land_n contain_v the_o space_n of_o 47_o year_n i._o the_o carthaginian_n make_v up_o a_o very_a large_a and_o powerful_a commonwealth_n 489._o command_v most_o of_o that_o part_n of_o africa_n which_o now_o go_v by_o the_o general_a name_n of_o barbary_n their_o dominion_n extend_v about_o 2000_o mile_n in_o length_n all_o border_a upon_o the_o sea_n have_v beside_o the_o island_n of_o sardinia_n and_o corsica_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o sicily_n with_o other_o lesser_a isle_n the_o occasion_n of_o the_o roman_n war_n with_o this_o nation_n be_v their_o join_n with_o 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peace_n send_v their_o child_n within_o the_o limit_a time_n and_o the_o consul_n land_v at_o utica_n soon_o after_o they_o send_v their_o commissioner_n to_o wait_v upon_o they_o and_o know_v their_o pleasure_n censorinus_n the_o consul_n commend_v their_o diligence_n demand_v all_o their_o arm_n which_o without_o any_o fraud_n be_v deliver_v up_o now_o the_o carthaginian_n implore_v mercy_n with_o many_o tear_n and_o all_o possible_a submission_n desire_v to_o know_v their_o last_o doom_n the_o consul_n tell_v they_o that_o they_o be_v command_v to_o quit_v their_o city_n which_o they_o have_v special_a order_n to_o level_n with_o the_o ground_n and_o build_v another_o any_o where_o in_o their_o own_o territory_n so_o it_o be_v but_o 10_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n this_o severe_a command_n they_o receiuâd_v with_o all_o the_o concern_v and_o rage_n of_o a_o despair_v people_n and_o resolve_v to_o suffer_v the_o great_a extremity_n rather_o than_o abandon_v or_o yield_v to_o the_o 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be_v extend_v to_o a_o large_a circumference_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n increase_v to_o a_o noble_a height_n of_o glory_n but_o to_o a_o more_o dangerous_a degree_n of_o security_n in_o respect_n of_o neighbour_n which_o in_o not_o many_o year_n prove_v the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o present_a government_n however_o the_o power_n and_o conquest_n of_o the_o state_n still_o daily_o increase_v and_o this_o same_o year_n corinth_n one_o of_o the_o noble_a city_n in_o greece_n sustain_v the_o same_o fate_n with_o carthage_n be_v level_v with_o the_o ground_n the_o occasion_n be_v give_v by_o the_o achaean_n themselves_z who_o not_o only_o affront_v the_o roman_a ambassador_n send_v to_o dissolve_v the_o confederacy_n and_o to_o leave_v the_o city_n to_o the_o government_n of_o their_o own_o peculiar_a law_n but_o likewise_o join_v with_o other_o in_o a_o
war_n against_o the_o lacedaemonian_n the_o ally_n of_o rome_n upon_o these_o ground_n the_o senate_n decree_v war_n against_o they_o and_o metellus_n now_o in_o macedonia_n undertake_v it_o who_o draw_v down_o his_o army_n through_o thessaly_n into_o boeotia_n overthrow_v critolaus_n then_o take_v thebes_n and_o megara_n about_o which_o time_n mummius_n the_o consul_n succeed_v he_o in_o his_o province_n and_o this_o mummius_n overthrow_v dieus_n the_o achaean_n general_n after_o which_o he_o enter_v corinth_n and_o demolish_v it_o because_o there_o the_o ambassador_n have_v be_v affront_v and_o ãâã_d scipio_n who_o destroy_v carthage_n like_o the_o former_a ãâã_d have_v the_o surname_n of_o africanus_n and_o metellus_n for_o reduce_v macedonia_n that_o of_o macedonicus_n so_o mummius_n for_o his_o success_n this_o year_n obtain_v the_o surname_n of_o achaicus_n because_o he_o reduce_v those_o part_n and_o all_o greece_n with_o epirus_n into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o province_n call_v 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far_o less_o successful_a for_o set_v upon_o the_o vaccaei_n a_o harmless_a and_o quiet_a people_n of_o the_o hithermost_a spain_n he_o be_v entire_o defeat_v by_o '_o they_o these_o misfortune_n so_o terrify_v the_o roman_a soldier_n that_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o tremble_v at_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o spaniard_n and_o this_o oblige_v the_o citizen_n of_o rome_n to_o choose_v scipio_n africanus_n consul_n a_o second_o time_n as_o the_o chief_a hope_n and_o bulwark_n of_o their_o country_n scipio_n at_o first_o restore_v discipline_n the_o want_n of_o which_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o their_o former_a ill_a success_n but_o come_v to_o engage_v he_o find_v the_o courage_n of_o the_o enemy_n so_o extraordinary_a that_o he_o resolve_v to_o fight_v no_o more_o but_o lay_v a_o close_a siege_n to_o numantia_n which_o he_o do_v with_o all_o possible_a care_n and_o diligence_n at_o last_o the_o besiege_a be_v so_o straighten_a that_o they_o offer_v to_o yield_v upon_o reasonable_a 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have_v destroy_v carthage_n mutius_n scaevol_n and_o calpurnius_n piso_n both_o learned_a man_n be_v consul_n scipio_n gain_v a_o great_a name_n both_o by_o destroy_v carthage_n and_o numantia_n the_o former_a be_v a_o terror_n and_o the_o latter_a a_o reproach_n to_o the_o roman_n all_o spain_n be_v now_o bring_v to_o a_o more_o entire_a subjection_n than_o ever_o be_v not_o many_o year_n before_o divide_v into_o the_o three_o province_n of_o terraconensis_fw-la eâeâica_fw-la and_o lusitanica_n two_o praetor_n be_v yearly_o send_v thither_o for_o its_o better_a government_n at_o this_o time_n flourish_v lucilius_n the_o famous_a satirist_n the_o first_o at_o least_o of_o note_n of_o that_o kind_n in_o rome_n and_o this_o same_o year_n be_v a_o servile_a war_n in_o sicily_n but_o the_o slave_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n entire_o break_v and_o disperse_v ii_o the_o roman_n now_o begin_v daily_a to_o degenerate_v from_o their_o ancient_a modesty_n 621._o plainness_n and_o severity_n of_o life_n addict_v themselves_o more_o and_o more_o to_o pleasure_n and_o luxury_n for_o the_o asian_a expedition_n and_o triumph_n have_v bring_v in_o excess_n and_o riot_n and_o the_o ruin_n of_o carthage_n take_v away_o all_o fear_n idleness_n and_o security_n as_o well_o as_o avarice_n and_o ambition_n by_o degree_n steal_v in_o upon_o they_o and_o almost_o a_o general_n corruption_n begin_v to_o mix_v with_o the_o state_n for_o though_o after_o this_o time_n many_o a_o powerful_a people_n be_v subdue_v art_n and_o learn_v daily_o increase_v and_o flourish_v and_o great_a glory_n be_v obtain_v abroad_o yet_o it_o be_v often_o stain_v and_o sully_v with_o inglorious_a faction_n seditious_a jealousy_n and_o contention_n at_o home_n sometime_o to_o the_o shed_n of_o one_o another_o blood_n of_o which_o that_o of_o tiberius_n gracchus_n be_v the_o first_o remarkable_a instance_n this_o person_n be_v the_o elder_a africanus_n grandson_n and_o of_o a_o stir_a and_o active_a spirit_n have_v a_o share_n in_o mancinusâs_n dishonourable_a treaty_n in_o spain_n for_o which_o be_v reflect_v on_o by_o the_o senate_n who_o not_o without_o injustice_n have_v break_v it_o and_o thereby_o both_o shame_v and_o affright_v he_o endeavour_v to_o make_v himself_o popular_a by_o restrain_v the_o injust_a oppression_n of_o the_o nobility_n which_o be_v now_o far_o more_o notorious_a than_o former_o and_o therefore_o procure_v himself_o to_o be_v choose_v tribune_n he_o prefer_v a_o law_n forbid_v any_o man_n to_o possess_v above_o â00_o acre_n of_o the_o public_a land_n and_o order_v the_o overplus_n to_o be_v divide_v among_o the_o poor_a for_o it_o be_v customary_a for_o the_o roman_n to_o divide_v those_o land_n which_o be_v take_v from_o their_o enemy_n among_o their_o own_o citizen_n if_o arable_a if_o not_o they_o farmed_a they_o out_o by_o the_o censor_n to_o the_o italian_n or_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o roman_n upon_o condition_n that_o if_o they_o plough_v they_o they_o shall_v pay_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o corn_n and_o the_o five_o of_o other_o fruit_n but_o if_o they_o do_v not_o plough_v they_o they_o pay_v a_o certain_a rent_n but_o corruption_n daily_o increase_v in_o the_o state_n the_o poor_a husbandman_n be_v by_o degree_n thrust_v out_o of_o their_o ancient_a possession_n by_o the_o great_a oppression_n and_o licentiousness_n of_o the_o rich_a who_o by_o purchase_v and_o other_o method_n get_v these_o land_n all_o into_o their_o own_o hand_n so_o that_o the_o public_a by_o this_o mean_n be_v defraud_v of_o its_o revenue_n and_o the_o poor_a of_o their_o livelyhood_n for_o the_o reformation_n of_o these_o abuse_n gracchus_n take_v great_a care_n and_o whereas_o the_o lex_fw-la licinia_n and_o sempronia_n be_v former_o enact_v for_o restrain_v the_o avarice_n of_o the_o rich_a he_o strengthen_v the_o former_a by_o add_v lest_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v wrest_v that_o one_o half_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o child_n and_o the_o
complain_n d_o of_o his_o brother_n to_o pompey_n at_o damascus_n who_o likewise_o come_v thither_o to_o vindicate_v himself_o pompey_n treat_v they_o both_o very_o civil_o promise_v they_o to_o come_v into_o their_o country_n and_o settle_v matter_n between_o they_o after_o he_o have_v dispatch_v some_o other_o necessary_a affair_n have_v therefore_o in_o a_o short_a time_n settle_v the_o affair_n of_o syria_n and_o reduce_v pontââ_n into_o a_o roman_a province_n he_o return_v to_o judea_n be_v much_o incense_v against_o aristobulus_n he_o first_o cite_v he_o to_o appear_v before_o he_o and_o deliver_v up_o all_o his_o fortify_v place_n which_o he_o do_v with_o much_o regreet_n and_o anger_n withdraw_v himself_o to_o jerusalem_n to_o make_v preparation_n for_o a_o war._n pompey_n suspect_v his_o design_n immediate_o march_v after_o he_o which_o aristobulus_n understand_v go_v out_o to_o meet_v he_o and_o though_o the_o city_n be_v entere_v without_o opposition_n his_o soldier_n fortify_v the_o temple_n and_o hold_v it_o out_o against_o pompey_n which_o cause_v aristobulus_n to_o be_v take_v into_o custody_n the_o temple_n be_v very_o strong_a by_o situation_n make_v a_o vigorous_a defence_n but_o after_o three_o month_n siege_n be_v with_o much_o difficulty_n and_o labour_n take_v and_o 12000_o of_o the_o jew_n cut_v in_o piece_n the_o priest_n not_o neglect_v to_o offer_v sacrifice_n all_o that_o time_n pompey_n without_o any_o fear_n enter_v the_o holy_a of_o holies_n with_o many_o follower_n look_v on_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v unlawful_a for_o any_o but_o the_o priest_n to_o behold_v however_o he_o show_v so_o much_o veneration_n for_o the_o place_n that_o he_o forbear_v touch_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v there_o he_o restore_v hyrcanus_n to_o his_o priesthood_n and_o government_n but_o with_o a_o command_n never_o to_o wear_v a_o diadem_n and_o take_v aristobulus_n with_o he_o make_v all_o judea_n tributary_n to_o rome_n this_o happen_v in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o expedition_n and_o 61_o year_n before_o our_o saviour_n nativity_n iv._o while_o pompey_n thus_o proceed_v in_o his_o noble_a exploit_n abroad_o rome_n itself_o be_v in_o great_a hazard_n and_o very_o nigh_o its_o ruin_n occasion_v by_o one_o of_o the_o most_o dangerous_a conspiracy_n that_o have_v be_v ever_o know_v in_o the_o city_n it_o be_v begin_v and_o carry_v on_o by_o sergius_n catiline_n a_o patrician_n by_o descent_n but_o of_o a_o very_o profligate_v life_n a_o person_n dare_v in_o his_o attempt_n crasty_a in_o his_o design_n greedy_a of_o other_o man_n s_o property_n prodigal_a of_o his_o own_o one_o who_o have_v be_v accuse_v of_o debauch_v a_o vestal_a virgin_n and_o suspect_v of_o murder_v his_o son_n for_o the_o love_n of_o another_o woman_n this_o person_n have_v contract_v vast_a debt_n by_o the_o looseness_n of_o his_o life_n grow_v desperate_a and_o seek_v for_o nothing_o but_o power_n and_o authority_n and_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a the_o sovereignty_n over_o all_o but_o his_o design_n be_v suspect_v he_o twice_o receive_v a_o repulse_v in_o stand_v for_o the_o consulship_n this_o last_o time_n it_o be_v carry_v from_o he_o by_o cicero_n who_o he_o therefore_o scurrilous_o abuse_v as_o a_o upstart_n and_o foreigner_n as_o be_v but_o of_o the_o equestrian_a order_n and_o bear_v in_o apulia_n and_o offer_v to_o kill_v he_o in_o the_o comitia_fw-la the_o miss_v of_o his_o design_n drive_v he_o into_o the_o utmost_a rage_n and_o fury_n and_o bring_v he_o into_o that_o plot_n in_o which_o he_o have_v former_o be_v engage_v with_o piso_n for_o the_o destruction_n of_o his_o country_n aurelius_n cotta_n and_o manlius_n torquatus_n who_o before_o have_v miss_v of_o the_o consulship_n for_o want_v of_o competent_a bribe_n also_o join_v with_o he_o and_o afresh_o plot_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o consul_n and_o senate_n the_o burn_a of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o state_n as_o likewise_o do_v lentulus_n cethegus_n and_o many_o other_o inferior_a person_n of_o debauch_a and_o infamous_a life_n cethegus_n and_o lentulus_n be_v both_o praetor_n and_o the_o latter_a who_o former_o have_v be_v consul_n be_v move_v to_o this_o design_n by_o a_o vain_a confidence_n he_o have_v in_o the_o sibylline_a oracle_n which_o he_o say_v portend_v that_o the_o sovereign_a power_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o three_o gornelââ_n namely_o sylla_n cinna_n and_o himself_o this_o conspiracy_n be_v carryâd_v on_o with_o the_o great_a secrecy_n imaginable_a their_o number_n daily_a increase_n among_o which_o be_v several_a woman_n who_o by_o prostitute_v themselves_o have_v be_v maintain_v after_o a_o prodigious_a rate_n but_o afterward_o decay_n of_o beauty_n limit_v their_o gain_n though_o not_o their_o luxury_n have_v great_o run_v they_o in_o debt_n notwithstanding_o all_o their_o care_n of_o conceal_v this_o horrid_a design_n it_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o q._n curius_n one_o of_o the_o plotter_n a_o degrade_v senator_n who_o neither_o can_v contain_v the_o secret_n he_o have_v hear_v not_o the_o crime_n he_o have_v commit_v but_o imprudent_o relate_v all_o to_o one_o fulvia_n his_o courtesan_n she_o discover_v it_o to_o cicero_n who_o be_v now_o consul_n cicero_n by_o examine_v of_o these_o two_o find_v out_o the_o whole_a matter_n how_o often_o and_o where_o they_o meet_v and_o what_o design_n they_o have_v in_o hand_n particular_o his_o own_o destruction_n to_o be_v bring_v about_o by_o vasguntâius_n a_o senator_n and_o cornelius_z a_o knight_n under_o pretence_n of_o a_o friendly_a visit._n cicero_n with_o great_a diligence_n and_o care_n appoint_v guard_n in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o city_n and_o immediate_o after_o call_v the_o senate_n to_o the_o temple_n of_o concord_n to_o consult_v what_o be_v best_a to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o time_n of_o danger_n great_a reward_n be_v promise_v to_o any_o who_o shall_v make_v any_o far_a discovery_n of_o this_o black_a conspiracy_n and_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v in_o a_o great_a consternation_n all_o in_o a_o hurry_n all_o in_o a_o fear_n not_o know_v who_o to_o trust_v or_o where_o to_o be_v secure_a either_o in_o war_n or_o peace_n but_o every_o one_o measure_v his_o danger_n by_o his_o fear_n the_o senate_n be_v now_o assemble_v catiline_n to_o show_v how_o well_o he_o can_v dissemble_v or_o to_o justify_v himself_o go_v bold_o thither_o but_o none_o of_o the_o senator_n will_v come_v near_o he_o the_o place_n where_o he_o sit_v be_v whole_o void_a whereupon_o cicero_n either_o dread_v his_o presence_n or_o incense_v at_o his_o boldness_n stand_v up_o and_o make_v a_o severe_a invective_n speech_n against_o he_o open_o manifest_v his_o crime_n which_o be_v both_o numerous_a and_o notorious_a and_o say_v do_v that_o most_o honourable_a person_n scipio_n nasica_n slay_v his_o own_o kinsman_n tib._n gracchus_n for_o a_o slight_a disturbance_n of_o the_o city_n and_o shall_v we_o consul_n tame_o suffer_v a_o person_n endeavour_v to_o lay_v the_o world_n desolate_a with_o slaughter_n and_o destruction_n he_o far_o command_v he_o to_o leave_v the_o town_n conclude_v with_o wish_v confusion_n and_o destruction_n to_o he_o and_o all_o his_o accomplice_n upon_o his_o sit_v down_o catiline_n well_o prepare_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o artifice_n and_o dissimulation_n with_o a_o deject_a countenance_n and_o suppliant_a tone_n beseech_v the_o father_n not_o âver-rashly_o to_o creditâ_n vain_a report_n concern_v he_o nor_o to_o believe_v that_o a_o person_n of_o his_o rank_n who_o own_a and_o who_o ancestor_n service_n have_v be_v so_o remarkable_o beneficial_a stand_v in_o need_n of_o a_o ruine_a commonwealth_n conclude_v with_o many_o scurrilous_a reflection_n upon_o cicero_n which_o not_o be_v hearken_v to_o by_o the_o senate_n he_o leave_v the_o house_n in_o a_o great_a rage_n breathe_v out_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n to_o all_o his_o enemy_n he_o leave_v the_o city_n late_o at_o night_n with_o â00_o arm_a man_n and_o lictor_n with_o axe_n and_o fasces_fw-la before_o he_o like_o a_o magistrate_n and_o retire_v into_o hetruria_n gather_v together_o soldier_n all_o the_o way_n intend_v to_o return_v to_o the_o city_n which_o he_o have_v order_v lentulus_n and_o cethegus_n to_o lay_v in_o ash_n at_o a_o appoint_a time_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o allobroges_n now_o in_o town_n be_v also_o persuade_v to_o stir_v up_o the_o gaul_n against_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o declare_v their_o design_n to_o fabius'_a sanga_n their_o patron_n it_o come_v short_o to_o cicero_n fire_n and_o so_o be_v prevent_v the_o day_n after_o catiline_n departure_n cicero_n summon_v the_o people_n and_o make_v a_o second_o oration_n to_o they_o where_o he_o congratulate_v the_o people_n and_o commonwealth_n for_o be_v free_v from_o so_o infamous_a a_o person_n and_o encourage_v they_o by_o represent_v the_o force_n of_o that_o
triumvirate_n which_o prove_v the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o consuler_n and_o popular_a state_n be_v a_o combination_n of_o three_o of_o the_o great_a man_n in_o rome_n either_o for_o valour_n authority_n or_o riches_n pompey_n be_v then_o about_o 47_o year_n of_o age_n and_o caesar_n 40._o thus_o rome_n lose_v her_o liberty_n after_o she_o have_v flourish_v many_o year_n in_o a_o wonderful_a grandeur_n occasion_v whole_o by_o the_o numerous_a abuse_n and_o notorious_a corruption_n in_o her_o government_n and_o inhabitant_n which_o short_o after_o plunge_v she_o into_o great_a misery_n than_o ever_o she_o feel_v before_o this_o remarkable_a union_n happen_v in_o the_o 694th_o year_n of_o the_o city_n a._n m._n 394â_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o the_o 180th_o olympiad_n 449_o year_n since_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n 330_o since_o the_o burn_a of_o rome_n by_o the_o gaul_n 270_o since_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n by_o alexander_n the_o great_a 86_o since_o the_o destruction_n of_o carthage_n and_o â8_o before_o our_o saviour_n '_o be_v nativity_n the_o roman_a dominion_n contain_v now_o all_o italy_n all_o cisalpine-gaul_n and_o part_n of_o the_o other_o all_o spain_n and_o africa_n all_o greece_n and_o illyricum_n all_o the_o kingdom_n in_o asia_n minor_n with_o armenia_n mesopotamia_n media_n syria_n and_o judaea_n and_o many_o island_n beside_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o book_n the_o roman_a history_n book_n iii_o the_o mix_v state_n of_o rome_n from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o first_o triumvirate_n to_o the_o perfect_a settlement_n of_o the_o empire_n contain_v the_o space_n of_o 33_o year_n chap._n i._n from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o first_o triumvirate_n to_o the_o death_n of_o crassus_n one_o of_o the_o combination_n which_o break_v and_o divide_v that_o party_n contain_v the_o space_n of_o 7_o year_n i._o the_o state_n of_o rome_n be_v now_o arrive_v to_o a_o extraordinary_a height_n triumvirate_n whether_o we_o consider_v the_o extent_n and_o fruitfulness_n of_o its_o dominion_n the_o strength_n and_o power_n of_o its_o arm_n the_o fame_n and_o valour_n of_o its_o commander_n the_o abundance_n and_o largeness_n of_o its_o revenue_n the_o compass_n and_o magnificence_n of_o its_o city_n and_o the_o number_n and_o riches_n as_o well_o as_o learning_n and_o politeness_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n but_o still_o it_o want_v considerable_o of_o that_o glory_n and_o grandeur_n as_o to_o dominion_n and_o much_o more_o of_o that_o quiet_a and_o sereneness_n as_o to_o settlement_n it_o have_v not_o long_o after_o in_o augustus_n reign_n for_o now_o the_o state_n be_v full_a of_o faction_n and_o division_n bribery_n and_o corruption_n and_o likewise_o feud_n and_o jealousy_n since_o the_o join_n of_o three_o such_o potent_a man_n as_o caesar_z pompey_n and_o crassus_n which_o cause_v many_o to_o fear_v the_o downfall_n of_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o that_o their_o fear_n be_v not_o groundless_a sufficient_o appear_v by_o the_o event_n the_o first_o effect_n of_o this_o triumvirate_n be_v the_o promote_a of_o caesar_n to_o the_o consulship_n pompey_n and_o crassus_n employ_v all_o their_o interest_n therein_o he_o have_v two_o competitor_n lucerius_n and_o bibulus_n the_o former_a a_o covetous_a though_o rich_a man_n be_v take_v off_o by_o large_a promise_n and_o bribe_v to_o procure_v what_o voice_n he_o couâd_v for_o caesar._n the_o senator_n resolve_v to_o have_v bibulus_n one_o of_o the_o consul_n make_v great_a collection_n among_o themselves_o and_o give_v as_o much_o on_o their_o side_n even_o cato_n as_o rigid_a as_o he_o be_v be_v persuade_v that_o the_o law_n which_o forbid_v all_o manner_n of_o bribery_n on_o these_o occasion_n aught_o in_o such_o a_o case_n to_o be_v dispencâd_v withal_o when_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o much_o require_v it_o so_o by_o that_o mean_v bibulus_n be_v at_o last_o choose_v consul_n with_o caesar._n the_o first_o thing_n caesar_n do_v in_o this_o office_n â95_n be_v his_o confirm_v all_o pompey_n act_n according_a to_o agreement_n and_o from_o that_o time_n he_o whole_o apply_v himself_o to_o gain_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o the_o better_a to_o effect_v it_o he_o prefer_v a_o law_n for_o divide_v certain_a land_n in_o câmpania_n among_o such_o of_o the_o poor_a citizen_n as_o have_v three_o child_n or_o more_o this_o proposal_n much_o please_v the_o commons_o and_o caesar_n have_v take_v the_o most_o proper_a method_n to_o make_v it_o pass_v for_o the_o law_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o term_n so_o very_o just_a and_o reasonable_a that_o no_o man_n couâd_v âând_v fault_n with_o it_o he_o declare_v to_o the_o senator_n that_o he_o will_v do_v nothing_o without_o their_o authority_n nor_o propose_v any_o of_o his_o friend_n for_o commissioner_n or_o any_o man_n who_o may_v be_v liable_a to_o suspicion_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o person_n of_o know_a reputation_n and_o ability_n this_o plausible_a and_o cautious_a way_n of_o proceed_v hardly_o leave_v any_o room_n for_o contradiction_n but_o still_o the_o senate_n that_o they_o may_v hinder_v the_o law_n and_o yet_o not_o seem_v to_o oppose_v it_o adjourn_v the_o affair_n from_o day_n to_o day_n till_o at_o last_o cato_n plain_o and_o public_o declare_v that_o these_o change_n in_o state_n be_v not_o to_o be_v permit_v after_o who_o all_o the_o senate_n likewise_o declare_v themselves_o to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n whereupon_o caesar_n immediate_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o people_n much_o complain_v to_o they_o of_o the_o injustice_n and_o stubbornness_n of_o the_o senate_n take_v also_o pompey_n and_o crassus_n along_o with_o he_o who_o opinion_n he_o public_o ask_v concern_v this_o law_n they_o both_o approve_v of_o it_o and_o pompey_n further_o declare_v that_o if_o such_o as_o oppose_v it_o shall_v come_v with_o their_o sword_n in_o their_o hand_n he_o will_v meet_v their_o sword_n and_o bring_v a_o buckler_n with_o he_o beside_o whereupon_o a_o day_n be_v appoint_v for_o the_o publication_n of_o this_o law_n at_o the_o appoint_a day_n the_o people_n gather_v together_o in_o great_a number_n and_o in_o spite_n of_o all_o opposition_n drive_v cato_n and_o bibulus_n himself_o with_o stone_n and_o club_n from_o off_o the_o place_n the_o consul_n axe_n be_v break_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o people_n approve_v the_o ordinance_n declare_v they_o will_v have_v all_o the_o senator_n swear_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o it_o almost_o all_o take_v this_o oath_n except_o cato_n metellus_n and_o favonius_n and_o they_o too_o at_o last_o after_o much_o opposition_n take_v it_o to_o save_v their_o fine_n and_o likewise_o their_o life_n for_o caesar_n have_v cause_v the_o people_n to_o make_v it_o capital_a for_o any_o one_o to_o refuse_v it_o caesar_n make_v little_a use_n of_o the_o senate_n after_o that_o and_o from_o that_o time_n his_o colleague_n bibulus_n never_o dare_v appear_v in_o public_a but_o keep_v himself_o at_o home_n for_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o year_n this_o forceable_a way_n of_o proceed_v extreme_o alarm_v the_o senate_n every_o body_n laugh_v at_o their_o idleness_n and_o negligence_n and_o at_o the_o head_n of_o those_o act_n where_o the_o name_n of_o the_o consul_n use_v to_o be_v inscribe_v some_o unknown_a person_n instead_o of_o caesar_n and_o bibulus_n write_v caius_n caesar_n and_o julius_n caesar_n to_o show_v that_o caesar_n govern_v alone_o caesar_n have_v free_v himself_o from_o his_o colleague_n begin_v chief_o to_o apply_v himself_o to_o the_o equites_fw-la or_o knight_n who_o much_o court_v he_o and_o have_v farm_a the_o custom_n desire_v a_o abatement_n of_o the_o rent_n the_o senate_n refuse_v to_o remit_v any_o thing_n but_o he_o short_o after_o procure_v the_o people_n to_o abate_v a_o three_o part._n by_o this_o and_o other_o way_n of_o gratify_v the_o common_a sort_n he_o persuade_v they_o to_o decree_v the_o province_n of_o gaul_n to_o he_o for_o five_o year_n with_o four_o legion_n for_o he_o desire_v nothing_o so_o much_o as_o perform_v great_a exploit_n and_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o year_n he_o spend_v in_o endeavour_v to_o establish_v his_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v therefore_o know_v how_o considerable_a a_o person_n pompey_n be_v to_o bind_v he_o the_o more_o strong_o he_o give_v he_o his_o daughter_n julia_n in_o marriage_n a_o very_a virtuous_a and_o beautiful_a lady_n he_o likewise_o take_v care_n that_o his_o two_o friend_n gabinius_n and_o piso_n shall_v be_v prick_v for_o the_o follow_a year_n consul_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o have_v late_o give_v he_o his_o daughter_n calpurnia_n clodius_n he_o procure_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o tribune_n notwithstanding_o his_o former_a affront_n because_o he_o know_v he_o to_o be_v a_o enemy_n to_o cicero_n who_o oration_n against_o caesar_n in_o plead_v
together_o as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n rhine_n cover_v all_o the_o way_n with_o spoil_n and_o dead_a body_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 80000_o as_o some_o relate_v it_o ariovistus_n himself_o escape_v in_o a_o little_a boat_n with_o a_o small_a retinue_n two_o of_o his_o wife_n and_o as_o many_o daughter_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o caesar_n these_o two_o great_a war_n be_v dispatch_v by_o caesar_n in_o his_o first_o year_n expedition_n which_o he_o manage_v with_o extraordinary_a skill_n and_o dexterity_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o next_o spring_n caesar_n be_v alarm_v by_o a_o great_a confederacy_n against_o the_o roman_n of_o all_o the_o belgae_n who_o inhabit_v a_o three_o part_n of_o gaul_n and_o be_v esteem_v the_o most_o powerful_a people_n in_o the_o whole_a country_n he_o hear_v that_o they_o have_v raise_v above_o 280000_o man_n direct_v his_o march_n totem_v with_o all_o speed_n and_o brave_o attacking_z they_o just_a as_o they_o be_v plunder_v his_o ally_n the_o gaul_n he_o defeat_v and_o put_v to_o slight_v a_o mighty_a number_n of_o they_o insomuch_o that_o the_o marsh_n and_o deep_a river_n become_v passable_a to_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o prodigious_a number_n of_o the_o dead_a body_n as_o plutarch_n relate_v it_o but_o among_o several_a reveral_a revolter_n all_o that_o live_v nigh_o the_o ocean_n yield_v without_o fight_v wherefore_o he_o lead_v his_o army_n against_o the_o nervian_o the_o most_o savage_a and_o warlike_a people_n in_o those_o part_n these_o inhabit_v a_o thick_a woody_a country_n where_o bestow_v their_o child_n and_o all_o their_o good_n in_o some_o close_a and_o convenient_a place_n in_o their_o forest_n they_o set_v upon_o caesar_n with_o 60000_o man_n before_o he_o think_v of_o engage_v or_o have_v time_n to_o encamp_v himself_o they_o fall_v on_o with_o such_o uncommon_a fury_n that_o they_o break_v the_o roman_a cavalry_n then_o surround_v the_o twelve_o and_o seven_o legion_n they_o kill_v all_o the_o officer_n and_o if_o caesar_n himself_o have_v not_o hasty_o catch_v up_o a_o buckler_n and_o rush_v through_o his_o man_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o his_o ten_o legion_n run_v in_o to_o his_o assistance_n and_o break_v the_o enemy_n rank_n they_o have_v all_o be_v cut_v off_o but_o though_o by_o the_o encouragement_n of_o caesar_n extraordinary_a valour_n they_o fight_v beyond_o their_o strength_n yet_o all_o they_o can_v do_v be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o make_v the_o nervian_o fly_v who_o obstinate_o stand_v their_o ground_n till_o they_o be_v all_o cut_n in_o piece_n not_o in_o of_o they_o be_v sauâd_v this_o be_v caesar_n second_o year_n expedition_n and_o the_o renown_n of_o his_o victory_n make_v he_o formidable_a even_o in_o germany_n so_o that_o several_a nation_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n send_v and_o submit_v themselves_o to_o he_o upon_o the_o news_n of_o caesar_n last_o exploit_n at_o rome_n the_o senate_n decree_v a_o solemn_a festival_n for_o 15_o day_n which_o be_v a_o great_a honour_n than_o any_o have_v receive_v before_o he_o not_o long_o before_o which_o violent_a stir_v and_o and_o commotion_n have_v be_v raise_v in_o the_o city_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o clodius_n who_o after_o he_o have_v free_v himself_o from_o his_o enemy_n begin_v to_o prove_v a_o intolerable_a plague_n and_o vexation_n to_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o even_o to_o pompey_n himself_o so_o that_o now_o he_o find_v it_o very_o much_o for_o his_o interest_n to_o get_v cicero_n reall_v from_o his_o banishment_n whereupon_o he_o employ_v milo_n one_o of_o the_o tribune_n and_o of_o great_a courage_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o use_v his_o interest_n with_o many_o other_o the_o matter_n be_v at_o last_o propound_v to_o the_o senate_n where_o it_o be_v general_o agree_v to_o but_o clodius_n oppose_v it_o with_o the_o utmost_a violence_n and_o when_o the_o matter_n be_v propose_v to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n and_o promote_v as_o much_o as_o possible_a by_o milo_n and_o his_o colleague_n sextius_n clodius_n assist_v by_o a_o party_n of_o gladiator_n sudden_o set_v upon_o the_o multitude_n raise_v the_o great_a disorder_n imaginable_a many_o of_o the_o people_n be_v kill_v the_o tribune_n be_v wound_v and_o quintus_fw-la cicero_n brother_n be_v almost_o overwhelm_v with_o dead_a body_n and_o the_o rest_n all_o flee_v after_o a_o day_n or_o two_o milo_n seize_v upon_o clodius_n and_o carry_v he_o before_o the_o praetor_n whereupon_o a_o great_a contest_v arise_v and_o clodius_n party_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o pompey_n gladiator_n after_o some_o bloodshed_n be_v beat_v off_o pompey_n immediate_o mediate_o possess_v himself_o of_o the_o forum_n put_v the_o people_n upon_o give_v their_o suffrage_n who_o with_o universal_a consent_n and_o applause_n vote_v cicero_n restitution_n the_o senate_n likewise_o decree_v honour_n to_o such_o city_n as_o have_v entertain_v he_o and_o that_o his_o house_n and_o village_n shall_v be_v rebuilt_a at_o the_o public_a charge_n so_o cicero_n after_o 16_o month_n banishment_n return_v in_o great_a pomp_n and_o glory_n sufficient_o revenge_v himself_o upon_o piso_n gabinius_n and_o other_o by_o his_o write_n afterward_o he_o return_v in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o caesar_n war_n in_o gaul_n the_o follow_a year_n caesar_n design_v for_o italy_n himself_o send_v out_o servius_n galba_n one_o of_o his_o lieutenant_n with_o the_o twelve_o legion_n and_o part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n against_o the_o antuates_n veragres_n and_o seduni_n nation_n seat_v from_o the_o river_n rhosine_n as_o high_a as_o the_o alps_o in_o order_n to_o clear_v a_o passage_n and_o secure_v all_o manner_n of_o traffic_n in_o those_o part_n galba_n in_o a_o short_a time_n defeat_v a_o very_a great_a party_n who_o have_v be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o attack_v he_o in_o his_o camp_n caesar_n not_o long_o after_o return_v find_v that_o the_o venâti_n and_o several_a other_o nation_n of_o that_o part_n of_o gaul_n call_v celtica_n have_v revolt_v he_o turn_v a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o force_n against_o they_o and_o these_o cause_v he_o extraordinary_a trouble_n and_o many_o difficulty_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o naval_a strength_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o continual_o shift_v themselves_o and_o remove_v from_o place_n to_o place_n but_o at_o last_o caesar_n have_v procure_v a_o fleet_n attack_v the_o veneti_n at_o sea_n and_o there_o overthrow_v they_o crassus_n one_o of_o his_o lieutenant_n the_o mean_a time_n subdue_v the_o sontiate_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o aquitain_n as_o sabinus_n another_o of_o âem_v do_v the_o unelli_n and_o all_o the_o maritime_a part_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o campaign_n caesar_n march_v against_o the_o morini_n a_o people_n nigh_o calais_n and_o the_o mcnapii_fw-la also_o which_o two_o nation_n be_v still_o up_o in_o arms._n but_o the_o season_n be_v too_o far_o advance_v the_o rain_n and_o foul_a wether_n secure_v they_o in_o the_o forest_n and_o marsh_n and_o cause_v caesar_n to_o put_v his_o man_n all_o into_o their_o winter-quarter_n which_o end_v his_o three_o year_n expedition_n in_o gaul_n iii_o as_o caesar_n conquest_n establish_v his_o reputation_n in_o rome_n 698._o so_o his_o humanity_n and_o other_o excellent_a quality_n absolute_o gain_v he_o the_o heart_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o soldier_n he_o have_v now_o get_v great_a store_n of_o wealth_n by_o which_o he_o not_o only_o discharge_v his_o debt_n but_o likewise_o make_v many_o great_a friend_n by_o his_o magnificent_a present_n especial_o to_o the_o lady_n corrupt_v also_o the_o aedile_n praetor_n and_o consul_n themselves_o in_o this_o winter_n he_o pass_v into_o italy_n to_o luca_n where_o he_o take_v up_o his_o head_n quarter_n where_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o concourse_n of_o people_n to_o pay_v he_o their_o respect_n that_o 200_o senator_n be_v present_a together_o and_o so_o many_o praetor_n and_o proconsul_n that_o 120_o bundle_n of_o rod_n be_v see_v there_o at_o a_o time_n here_o the_o triumvirate_n take_v new_a measure_n and_o caesar_n fear_v he_o may_v be_v recall_v from_o gaul_n procure_v pompey_n and_o crassus_n to_o endeavour_v at_o the_o consulship_n the_o follow_a year_n and_o so_o continue_v he_o in_o his_o employment_n for_o five_o year_n long_o this_o design_n be_v so_o displease_v to_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o dissension_n so_o violent_a concern_v it_o that_o they_o go_v into_o mourn_v as_o in_o public_a calamity_n say_v that_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o triumvirate_n be_v dangerous_a to_o the_o quiet_a and_o liberty_n of_o rome_n cato_n with_o great_a eagerness_n set_v up_o domitius_n to_o stand_v against_o they_o but_o pompey_n resolve_v to_o remove_v all_o obstacle_n send_v some_o arm_a man_n against_o domitius_n as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o the_o election_n who_o kill_v the_o slave_n that_o carry_v the_o light_n before_o they_o and_o disperse_v
these_o misfortune_n in_o which_o the_o muse_n darling_n the_o great_a wit_n and_o best_a poet_n that_o ever_o italy_n produce_v have_v like_a to_o have_v perish_v this_o be_v the_o great_a virgil_n who_o be_v a_o party_n concern_v in_o this_o public_a calamity_n for_o defend_v the_o possession_n of_o his_o small_a estate_n from_o arrius_n the_o centurion_n and_o very_o narrow_o escape_v death_n by_o swim_v across_o a_o river_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o adventure_n most_o of_o all_o contribute_v to_o his_o further_a reputation_n and_o advancement_n since_o these_o trouble_n be_v the_o subject_a of_o that_o excellent_a eclogue_n which_o be_v the_o first_o of_o his_o bucolic_n he_o be_v now_o about_o 28_o year_n of_o age._n the_o many_o disorder_n raise_v upon_o these_o occasion_n and_o the_o frequent_a danger_n in_o which_o octavius_n be_v involve_v give_v anthony_n wife_n fulvia_n a_o fair_a occasion_n of_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v about_o her_o design_n her_o 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studious_a of_o glory_n till_o they_o infinite_o overtopped_a the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n a_o people_n who_o prudence_n in_o their_o counsel_n who_o maturity_n of_o deliberation_n who_o diligence_n in_o execution_n who_o profound_a secrecy_n in_o the_o most_o important_a affair_n and_o who_o noble_a resolution_n in_o unavoidable_a danger_n and_o the_o great_a extreme_a tremity_n aught_o to_o be_v remember_v to_o all_o age_n it_o be_v a_o history_n of_o a_o state_n that_o grow_v so_o mighty_a from_o so_o small_a beginning_n of_o its_o progress_n its_o strange_a change_n the_o revolution_n of_o its_o power_n and_o greatness_n its_o amaze_a exaltation_n and_o the_o miraculous_a and_o almost_o unconceivable_a pitch_n of_o glory_n it_o arrive_v at_o and_o all_o by_o its_o patient_a endure_v of_o hardship_n by_o its_o perseverance_n in_o labour_n by_o its_o exact_a observation_n of_o law_n by_o the_o inviolable_a severity_n of_o its_o discipline_n in_o the_o duty_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n 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also_o from_o the_o great_a care_n i_o have_v upon_o i_o of_o perfect_a the_o matter_n and_o proportion_v its_o several_a part_n to_o that_o small_a compass_n to_o which_o i_o be_v over-strict_o confine_v the_o principal_a fault_n beside_o a_o little_a abruptness_n in_o some_o few_o period_n be_v the_o have_v expression_n in_o several_a place_n somewhat_o too_o low_a and_o vulgar_a for_o history_n which_o require_v the_o utmost_a purity_n as_o well_o as_o the_o great_a strength_n this_o fault_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n correct_v in_o this_o edition_n which_o i_o assert_v with_o the_o great_a freedom_n because_o i_o have_v be_v much_o assist_v by_o person_n of_o the_o great_a judgement_n in_o these_o matter_n who_o name_n i_o ought_v not_o to_o mention_v without_o their_o particular_a leave_n in_o examine_v the_o style_n i_o likewise_o find_v the_o matter_n in_o many_o place_n defective_a and_o capable_a of_o great_a improvement_n with_o no_o great_a inlargement_n for_o which_o reason_n i_o have_v make_v several_a considerable_a addition_n in_o most_o part_n of_o this_o history_n especial_o in_o the_o last_o book_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o chapter_n where_o several_a material_a action_n be_v manifest_o too_o short_o and_o lame_o relate_v i_o be_o true_o sensible_a that_o i_o have_v disoblige_v those_o person_n who_o have_v buy_v the_o first_o edition_n in_o not_o put_v these_o addition_n in_o distinct_a place_n whereby_o they_o may_v have_v have_v they_o without_o buy_v the_o whole_a but_o i_o hope_v they_o will_v the_o more_o ready_o pardon_v i_o since_o these_o addition_n be_v of_o that_o nature_n that_o in_o many_o place_n it_o will_v be_v as_o difficult_a to_o separate_v they_o from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o book_n as_o to_o separate_v the_o alteration_n make_v in_o the_o style_n i_o undertake_v this_o second_o edition_n the_o more_o willing_o because_o the_o number_n of_o the_o first_o be_v so_o small_a and_o therefore_o the_o less_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o world_n but_o i_o here_o promise_v never_o to_o make_v any_o further_a addition_n to_o it_o for_o the_o future_a nor_o any_o correction_n except_o those_o of_o the_o press_n of_o which_o thâre_n be_v these_o follow_a error_n in_o this_o edition_n occasion_v by_o my_o distance_n from_o the_o town_n which_o i_o desire_v the_o reader_n to_o correct_v before_o he_o read_v the_o book_n errata_fw-la page_n 26._o in_o the_o margin_n read_v 83._o p._n 73._o l._n 20._o for_o be_v r._n be_v p._n 153._o l._n 9_o between_o the_o and_o dictator_n r._n first_o p._n 176._o l._n 21._o r._n be_v p._n 178._o l._n 1._o between_o the_o and_o time_n r._n night_n p._n 185._o l._n 26._o for_o there_o r._n thââ_n p._n 220._o l._n ãâã_d for_o stand_v r._n and._n p._n 223._o l._n 10._o after_o ãâã_d add_v raise_v l._n 12._o deal_n raise_v l._n 25._o after_o such_o add_v in_o p._n 249._o l._n 4._o r._n massina_n p._n 257._o l._n 27_o r._n myssians_n p._n 276._o l._n 30._o r._n maâilius_n p._n 283._o l._n 5._o r._n show_v l._n 12._o r._n proceed_v p._n 284._o l._n 17._o r._n deal_v notwithstanding_o p._n 300._o in_o the_o margin_n r._n 696._o p._n 302._o l._n 26._o deal_n reveral_a p._n 303._o l._n 7._o for_o ãâã_d in_o r._n not_o a_o tiââsand_n p._n 306._o l._n 12._o r._n to_o hnder_n p._n 308._o l._n 12._o r._n labienus_n p._n 312._o l._n 3._o r._n parthia_n p._n 416._o l_o 17._o r._n casariâ_n p._n 440._o l._n 31._o deal_n the_o second_o to_o p._n 445._o l._n 9_o after_o this_o add_v be_v there_o be_v some_o few_o other_o error_n but_o such_o as_o will_v not_o easy_o mislead_v the_o reader_n the_o content_n book_n i._o the_o regal_a state_n of_o rome_n from_o the_o building_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o overthrow_n of_o that_o kind_a of_o government_n contain_v the_o space_n of_o 245_o year_n the_o introduction_n of_o the_o original_a of_o rome_n and_o its_o inhabitant_n chap._n i._o from_o the_o building_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o death_n of_o romulus_n the_o first_o king_n of_o rome_n contain_v the_o space_n of_o 37_o year_n chap._n ii_o from_o the_o death_n of_o romulus_n to_o the_o death_n of_o numa_n pompilius_n the_o second_o king_n of_o rome_n contain_v 44_o year_n chap._n iii_o from_o the_o death_n of_o numa_n to_o the_o death_n of_o tullus_n hostilius_n the_o three_o king_n of_o rome_n contain_v 33_o year_n chap._n iu._n from_o the_o death_n of_o hostilius_n to_o the_o death_n of_o ancus_n marcius_n the_o four_o king_n of_o rome_n contain_v 24_o year_n chap._n v._o from_o the_o death_n of_o ancus_n marcius_n to_o the_o death_n of_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n the_o five_o king_n of_o rome_n contain_v 38_o year_n chap._n vi_o from_o the_o death_n of_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n to_o the_o death_n of_o servius_n tullius_n the_o six_o king_n of_o rome_n
be_v renew_v several_a day_n with_o almost_o equal_a success_n in_o the_o last_o contest_v the_o roman_n be_v much_o worsted_n in_o the_o beginning_n and_o flee_v to_o the_o palatium_n but_o rally_v and_o renew_v the_o fight_n with_o success_n against_o the_o sabine_n the_o woman_n who_o be_v steal_v and_o marry_v to_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o war_n through_o the_o persuasion_n of_o hersilia_n one_o of_o the_o principal_a among_o they_o run_v desperate_o into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o dart_n and_o dead_a body_n with_o their_o child_n in_o their_o arm_n and_o their_o hair_n about_o their_o ear_n make_v such_o lamentable_a shriek_n and_o outcry_n that_o both_o army_n immediate_o desist_v these_o become_v mediator_n and_o make_v peace_n between_o the_o father_n and_o son-in-law_n after_o the_o war_n have_v last_v six_o year_n the_o article_n be_v first_o that_o romulus_n and_o tatius_n shall_v reign_v joint_o in_o rome_n 12._o with_o equal_a power_n and_o prerogative_n second_o that_o the_o city_n from_o romulus_n shall_v still_o be_v call_v rome_n but_o the_o citizen_n quirite_n quirite_n from_o cure_n the_o native_a place_n of_o tatius_n three_o that_o now_o the_o two_o nation_n shall_v become_v one_o and_o as_o many_o of_o the_o sabine_n as_o be_v willing_a shall_v be_v make_v free_a of_o rome_n the_o city_n be_v now_o much_o increase_v by_o the_o number_n of_o the_o sabine_n mount_n capitoline_n be_v take_v in_o build_v upon_o and_o lay_v out_o for_o their_o habitation_n romulus_n choose_v out_o 100_o of_o the_o most_o noble_a of_o the_o sabine_n and_o add_v they_o to_o the_o senate_n so_o that_o it_o now_o consist_v of_o 200_o person_n legion_n the_o legion_n so_o call_v ab_fw-la eligendo_fw-la because_o they_o be_v choice_n select_a man_n which_o before_o contain_v 3000_o man_n be_v now_o increase_v also_o to_o 4000_o whence_o a_o legion_n be_v call_v quadrata_n yet_o afterward_o a_o legion_n comprise_v as_o many_o man_n as_o be_v find_v convenient_a for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n several_a new_a feast_n be_v institute_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o this_o union_n as_o matronalia_fw-la carmentala_n etc._n etc._n and_o a_o particular_a respect_n be_v have_v to_o those_o woman_n who_o procure_v this_o happy_a reconciliation_n and_o several_a privilege_n be_v allow_v they_o particular_o they_o be_v exempt_v from_o all_o work_n unless_o spin_v and_o make_v of_o cloth_n now_o the_o tribe_n be_v call_v by_o distinct_a name_n the_o first_o rhamnenses_n from_o romulus_n the_o second_o tatienses_n from_o tatius_n and_o the_o three_o luceres_n from_o the_o lucus_n or_o grove_n where_o the_o asylum_n stand_v for_o five_o year_n the_o two_o king_n be_v reign_v quiet_o and_o peaceable_o together_o but_o in_o the_o six_o tatius_n protect_v some_o of_o his_o friend_n who_o have_v rob_v and_o plunder_v the_o lavinian_o and_o kill_v the_o ambassador_n who_o be_v send_v to_o demand_v satisfaction_n be_v slay_v 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a_o embassy_n require_v the_o roman_n to_o withdraw_v their_o garrison_n and_o restore_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o all_o their_o former_a privilege_n these_o veientes_n be_v one_o of_o the_o twelve_o nation_n of_o hetruria_n a_o powerful_a people_n inhabit_v a_o strong_a city_n and_o of_o extraordinary_a largeness_n situate_v upon_o a_o craggy_a rock_n about_o twelve_o mile_n north_n of_o rome_n their_o demand_n be_v reject_v they_o begin_v their_o act_n of_o hostility_n and_o both_o army_n meet_v at_o fidenae_n where_o after_o two_o sharp_a engagement_n romulus_n become_v conqueror_n the_o veientes_n be_v now_o force_v to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o entreaty_n and_o so_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o roman_n for_o 100_o year_n 21._o upon_o these_o article_n to_o quit_v a_o seven_o part_n of_o their_o dominion_n with_o their_o salt-pit_n nigh_o the_o river_n and_o to_o give_v up_o fifty_o hostage_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a family_n romulus_n for_o this_o triumph_v a_o 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name_n think_v the_o latter_a a_o destable_a crime_n but_o the_o other_o impossible_a and_o it_o be_v a_o indeed_o crime_n never_o know_v in_o rome_n for_o 600_o year_n for_o the_o people_n way_n of_o live_v he_o enjoy_v two_o course_n of_o life_n warfare_n and_o husbandry_n equal_o divide_v the_o land_n slave_n and_o money_n take_v from_o the_o enemy_n he_o appoint_v a_o market_n once_o in_o nine_o day_n which_o from_o thence_o be_v call_v nundinae_fw-la nundinâ_n when_o any_o town_n be_v take_v he_o suffer_v no_o prisoner_n of_o man_n age_n to_o be_v slay_v or_o sell_v or_o their_o land_n leave_v untilled_a but_o order_v a_o colony_n from_o rome_n to_o cultivate_v they_o and_o some_o of_o the_o stranger_n to_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o freedom_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o city_n and_o this_o be_v his_o three_o contrivance_n to_o increase_v the_o city_n as_o to_o controversy_n that_o may_v arise_v upon_o any_o injury_n he_o immediate_o decide_v they_o or_o refer_v they_o to_o other_o 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capital_a punishment_n and_o they_o condemn_v he_o but_o there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n from_o these_o officer_n to_o the_o people_n they_o give_v he_o his_o life_n at_o the_o request_n of_o his_o father_n who_o esteem_v it_o as_o a_o great_a and_o heroic_a act_n and_o give_v his_o daughter_n ignominious_a burial_n for_o a_o dreadful_a example_n to_o all_o who_o prefer_v private_a respect_n before_o the_o public_a good_n hostilius_n deal_v very_o gentle_o with_o the_o alban_n but_z notwithstanding_o for_o the_o advantage_n gain_v over_o they_o have_v a_o triumph_n ii_o the_o fidenates_n and_o veientes_n 85._o find_v that_o they_o be_v like_a to_o be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n for_o their_o treacherous_a practice_n now_o break_v into_o open_a rebellion_n and_o fuffetius_n enrage_v at_o the_o event_n of_o the_o late_a combat_n and_o hope_v to_o free_v himself_o from_o the_o roman_a power_n private_o encourage_v they_o with_o large_a promise_n of_o assistance_n if_o they_o stand_v in_o 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affliction_n and_o severity_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n 364._o and_o be_v the_o true_a scene_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o misery_n and_o desolation_n the_o town_n desert_v by_o its_o inhabitant_n and_o all_o its_o stately_a building_n a_o heap_n of_o rubbish_n no_o hope_n be_v leave_v but_o in_o the_o capitol_n which_o be_v now_o close_o besiege_v by_o the_o gaul_n and_o in_o the_o banish_a camillus_n who_o presence_n be_v now_o hearty_o wish_v for_o while_o the_o gaul_n lie_v before_o the_o capitol_n they_o send_v out_o many_o party_n to_o forage_n in_o all_o the_o country_n about_o who_o ravage_v and_o destroy_v all_o the_o town_n and_o village_n they_o arrive_v at_o and_o that_o with_o the_o great_a carelessness_n and_o security_n imaginable_a conceive_v no_o sort_n of_o opposition_n or_o any_o manner_n of_o danger_n but_o the_o great_a and_o best_a order_v body_n of_o their_o force_n approach_v ardea_n camillus_n who_o have_v live_v there_o a_o retire_a life_n begin_v to_o rouse_v 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the_o scale_n scoff_o cry_a vae_fw-la victis_fw-la woe_n to_o the_o vanquish_a which_o afterward_o become_v a_o proverb_n whilst_o this_o difference_n last_v camillus_n be_v arrive_v with_o his_o army_n and_o hasten_v with_o a_o choice_a party_n of_o man_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o gold_n be_v a_o weigh_v he_o come_v bold_o and_o take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o scale_n tell_v the_o gaul_n that_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o deliver_v their_o country_n with_o iron_n not_o with_o gold_n therefore_o he_o null_v the_o compact_a because_o make_v without_o his_o consent_n who_o alone_o as_o be_v then_o their_o dictator_n have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o make_v peace_n upon_o this_o therefore_o a_o fight_n immediate_o ensue_v where_o after_o a_o most_o bloody_a contest_v the_o gaul_n be_v entire_o rout_v and_o such_o great_a execution_n do_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o pursuit_n that_o all_o the_o roman_a territory_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n clear_v of_o '_o they_o 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to_o be_v rebuilt_a with_o all_o diligence_n and_o all_o person_n be_v employ_v about_o it_o but_o it_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o that_o haste_n and_o hurry_n that_o the_o city_n want_v much_o of_o its_o former_a beauty_n and_o regularity_n and_o the_o watercourse_n former_o lay_v in_o the_o street_n now_o run_v for_o the_o most_o part_n under_o private_a house_n 366._o when_o camillus_n second_o six_o month_n be_v out_o military_a tribune_n be_v choose_v and_o in_o the_o same_o year_n the_o aequi_n volsci_n and_o etrurians_n all_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o invade_v the_o roman_a territory_n the_o military_a tribune_n be_v soon_o block_v up_o by_o the_o enemy_n and_o be_v bring_v to_o such_o strait_o that_o the_o senate_n make_v camillus_n dictator_n a_o three_o time_n and_o he_o choose_v servilius_n ahala_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o
man_n with_o light_a iron_n helmet_n and_o bind_v their_o wooden_a target_n about_o with_o brass_n teach_v they_o how_o to_o fence_v and_o receive_v the_o enemy_n blow_v without_o hurt_n by_o this_o mean_n he_o render_v the_o sword_n of_o the_o gaul_n so_o unserviceable_a that_o give_v they_o battle_n at_o the_o river_n anio_n he_o easy_o overthrow_v they_o which_o happen_v 23_o year_n after_o they_o have_v destroy_v the_o city_n and_o after_o this_o defeat_n the_o roman_n begin_v now_o to_o despise_v the_o gaul_n as_o much_o as_o they_o have_v fear_v they_o before_o soon_o after_o this_o camillus_n in_o his_o return_n homeward_o have_v velitrae_n surrender_v to_o he_o without_o any_o resistance_n but_o camillus_n great_a contention_n and_o which_o be_v hard_a to_o be_v manage_v be_v with_o the_o people_n who_o now_o return_v home_o full_a of_o victory_n and_o success_n violent_o insist_v again_o to_o have_v one_o of_o the_o consul_n choose_v out_o of_o their_o own_o body_n the_o 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it_o be_v immediate_o grant_v '_o they_o this_o praetor_n be_v a_o magistrate_n of_o extraordinary_a note_n praetor_n so_o call_v à _fw-la praeâundo_fw-la a_o name_n which_o the_o consul_n themselves_o have_v for_o some_o time_n the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o this_o magistrate_n be_v very_o great_a for_o he_o execute_v the_o office_n of_o the_o consul_n in_o their_o absence_n both_o in_o the_o senate_n and_o in_o the_o comitia_fw-la but_o the_o principal_a business_n of_o these_o praetor_n be_v to_o administer_v justice_n in_o the_o city_n or_o province_n to_o which_o the_o consul_n couâd_v not_o so_o easy_o attend_v and_o upon_o that_o account_n they_o may_v be_v english_v lord_n chief_a justice_n they_o judge_v all_o cause_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a which_o last_o be_v call_v capitale_n in_o civil_a cause_n they_o be_v clothe_v in_o purple_a but_o when_o they_o pass_v sentence_n in_o criminal_a cause_n they_o be_v in_o mourn_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o power_n 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of_o rome_n increase_v the_o number_n of_o these_o praetor_n be_v likewise_o enlarge_v and_o increase_v gradual_o till_o in_o augustus_n reign_n they_o come_v to_o sixteen_o immediate_o after_o the_o reconciliation_n between_o the_o nobility_n and_o commons_o a_o four_o day_n be_v add_v to_o the_o latin_a feriae_fw-la and_o the_o great_a fort_n of_o game_n be_v solemnize_v which_o when_o the_o aedile_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v unwilling_a to_o manage_v according_a to_o their_o office_n the_o young_a patritian_n offer_v themselves_o and_o the_o senate_n procure_v also_o of_o the_o people_n that_o two_o patritian_n every_o year_n may_v be_v make_v aedile_n cudule_n who_o from_o the_o ivory_n chair_n call_v cella_n curulis_fw-la have_v the_o name_n of_o aedile_n curuleâ_n these_o be_v create_v 128_o year_n after_o the_o aedile_n of_o the_o commons_o but_o be_v of_o great_a account_n as_o be_v curule_n magistrate_n their_o chair_n be_v so_o call_v either_o from_o currus_fw-la the_o chariot_n which_o carry_v it_o and_o the_o magistrate_n about_o or_o from_o curvus_n because_o it_o be_v make_v with_o crooked_a foot_n they_o have_v all_o the_o same_o office_n and_o business_n as_o the_o aedile_n of_o the_o commons_o but_o have_v rather_o great_a authority_n but_o more_o especial_o they_o take_v care_n of_o the_o great_a and_o public_a game_n such_o as_o the_o ludi_fw-la floral_n circenses_fw-la megalenses_n romani_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o of_o tragedy_n and_o comedy_n sometime_o at_o their_o own_o charge_n they_o make_v these_o show_n and_o ever_o examine_v the_o play_n write_v before_o they_o be_v act_v and_o whether_o from_o this_o inspection_n of_o all_o play_n and_o the_o like_a it_o be_v uncertain_a they_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o licenser_n and_o judge_n of_o other_o write_n it_o be_v further_a observe_v that_o the_o general_n of_o army_n when_o return_v home_o from_o victory_n deliver_v up_o the_o corn_n and_o provision_n which_o be_v prize_n to_o these_o aedile_n curule_n as_o they_o do_v the_o prisoner_n to_o the_o praetor_n and_o the_o money_n to_o the_o quaestor_n thus_o be_v the_o disturbance_n of_o rome_n allay_v and_o all_o thing_n for_o a_o short_a space_n continue_v in_o peace_n and_o quiet_n iv._o soon_o after_o these_o affair_n be_v settle_v news_n come_v of_o the_o gaul_n meet_v together_o 389._o who_o have_v before_o be_v disperse_v through_o apulia_n and_o of_o the_o intend_a revolt_n of_o the_o hernici_n but_o all_o preparation_n be_v defer_v by_o the_o senate_n because_o they_o be_v unwilling_a to_o have_v any_o thing_n do_v by_o a_o plebeian_n consul_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o tribune_n begin_v to_o complain_v that_o for_o one_o plebeian_n consul_n the_o nobility_n have_v get_v three_o patrician_n magistrate_n who_o sit_v as_o consul_n in_o their_o curule_n chair_n and_o their_o praetexta_fw-la modesty_n therefore_o suffer_v not_o the_o father_n to_o create_v both_o the_o curule_n aedile_n out_o of_o their_o own_o body_n so_o that_o it_o be_v agree_v first_o that_o every_o other_o year_n they_o shall_v be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o commons_o but_o afterward_o they_o be_v elect_v promiscuous_o the_o year_n follow_v there_o happen_v a_o grievous_a plague_n in_o the_o city_n which_o sweep_v away_o vast_a number_n among_o the_o rest_n camillus_n himself_o after_o he_o have_v do_v so_o many_o noble_a service_n for_o the_o city_n that_o he_o be_v deserve_o call_v the_o second_o founder_n of_o rome_n the_o plague_n rage_v both_o in_o this_o and_o the_o follow_a year_n 391._o the_o roman_n to_o appease_v their_o god_n bring_v in_o stage-play_n send_v for_o actor_n out_o of_o hetruria_n in_o the_o language_n of_o which_o country_n hister_n signify_v a_o player_n thence_o come_v the_o roman_a word_n histrio_fw-la these_o play_n be_v at_o first_o very_o barbarous_a and_o antic_a begin_v with_o a_o plain_a country_n dance_n to_o a_o pipe_n after_o which_o the_o
whence_o he_o have_v the_o surname_n of_o corvus_n and_o his_o posterity_n all_o call_v corvini_n this_o combat_n bring_v both_o army_n to_o a_o battle_n and_o the_o gaul_n be_v entire_o rout_v 405._o camillus_n return_v home_o procure_v a_o dictator_n to_o be_v create_v for_o the_o hold_n of_o the_o comitia_fw-la for_o a_o new_a election_n of_o consul_n this_o be_v manlius_n torquatus_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v cornelius_n cossus_n and_o in_o this_o comitia_fw-la valerius_n corvus_n for_o his_o great_a desert_n be_v make_v consul_n at_o 23_o year_n age_n a_o thing_n indeed_o very_o extraordinary_a now_o the_o army_n be_v disband_v and_o for_o a_o short_a space_n there_o be_v both_o peace_n abroad_o and_o concord_n at_o home_n this_o year_n a_o colony_n be_v draw_v out_o from_o the_o city_n antia_n to_o people_n satricum_n which_o have_v be_v destroy_v by_o the_o latin_n and_o also_o at_o rome_n a_o league_n be_v conclude_v with_o the_o ambassador_n of_o carthage_n who_o come_v on_o purpose_n to_o desire_v amity_n between_o both_o nation_n as_o livy_n relate_v it_o above_o three_o year_n after_o the_o arunci_n a_o people_n beyond_o the_o volsci_n and_o one_o of_o the_o six_o nation_n of_o latium_n in_o the_o large_a extent_n make_v a_o sudden_a invasion_n upon_o the_o roman_a territory_n and_o upon_o suspicion_n that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o whole_a latin_a nation_n 408._o furius_n camillus_n be_v create_v dictator_n as_o if_o all_o latium_n have_v be_v up_o in_o arms._n he_o choose_v manlius_n capitelinus_fw-la for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n who_o he_o find_v more_o like_a robber_n than_o soldier_n so_o that_o in_o the_o very_a first_o battle_n they_o be_v disperse_v and_o that_o war_n dispatch_v a_o year_n after_o a_o temple_n be_v dedicate_v to_o juno_n moneta_n on_o the_o capitol_n hill_n as_o the_o last_o dictator_n have_v vow_v and_o soon_o after_o some_o prodigy_n be_v observe_v of_o which_o the_o roman_n be_v so_o superstitious_o fearful_a that_o they_o create_v a_o dictator_n to_o constitute_v certain_a feast_n and_o holiday_n for_o the_o appease_n of_o the_o god_n and_o divert_v the_o judgement_n threaten_v valârius_n poplicola_n be_v the_o person_n and_o fabius_n ambustus_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 409._o and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o create_v upon_o this_o account_n order_n be_v give_v that_o not_o only_o all_o the_o tribe_n shall_v go_v in_o procession_n with_o their_o solemn_a prayer_n but_o also_o the_o border_a nation_n with_o precise_a direction_n upon_o what_o day_n each_o of_o they_o shall_v make_v their_o supplication_n this_o year_n likewise_o the_o usurer_n be_v prosecute_v by_o the_o aedile_n and_o severe_a sentence_n give_v against_o they_o by_o the_o people_n these_o be_v the_o principal_a war_n and_o action_n of_o the_o roman_n with_o their_o near_a neighbour_n which_o be_v observe_v by_o their_o own_o historian_n to_o have_v be_v all_o defensive_a or_o at_o least_o not_o begin_v without_o just_a ground_n and_o provocation_n yet_o these_o which_o may_v well_o enough_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o defensive_a war_n still_o increase_v the_o roman_a dominion_n which_o now_o contain_v in_o effect_n all_o old_a latium_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o other_o five_o nation_n afterward_o comprehend_v under_o that_o name_n viz._n the_o volsci_n aequi_n rutili_fw-la hernici_n and_o arunci_n together_o with_o most_o of_o sabina_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o hetruria_n so_o that_o now_o their_o dominion_n contain_v more_o than_o double_a the_o extent_n of_o what_o they_o be_v at_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o king_n the_o last_o dictator_n beforemention_v be_v create_v a_o year_n before_o the_o war_n with_o the_o samnite_n which_o war_n begin_v a._n m._n 3661._o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o the_o 109th_o olympiad_n 410_o year_n after_o the_o building_n of_o the_o city_n 165_o after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n 46_o since_o the_o restoration_n of_o the_o city_n 14_o before_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o persian_a and_o the_o set_n up_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n by_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o 342_o before_o our_o saviour_n christ_n nativity_n chap._n vii_o from_o the_o war_n with_o the_o samnite_n to_o the_o war_n with_o pyrrhus_n king_n of_o epirus_n the_o first_o foreigner_n they_o have_v to_o deal_v with_o wherein_o the_o roman_n begin_v to_o learn_v the_o art_n of_o war._n contain_v the_o space_n of_o 63_o year_n i._o hitherto_o the_o roman_n have_v all_o their_o war_n nigh_o home_o 410._o and_o as_o it_o be_v at_o their_o own_o gate_n but_o now_o daily_o gather_v strength_n and_o increase_n in_o power_n they_o venture_v against_o the_o warlike_a samnite_n a_o people_n above_o 100_o miles_n east_n of_o rome_n these_o samnite_n be_v a_o hardy_a nation_n descend_v from_o the_o sabine_n from_o who_o they_o probable_o have_v their_o name_n and_o inhabit_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o that_o side_n of_o italy_n which_o now_o go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n have_v likewise_o seven_o other_o people_n as_o dependent_n namely_o the_o picentes_n vestini_n marrucini_n frentini_fw-la peligni_n marsi_n and_o hirpini_n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o war_n be_v the_o samnite_n contest_v with_o their_o neighbour_n the_o sidicini_n who_o immediate_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o campanian_o for_o succour_n these_o campanian_o be_v a_o luxurious_a and_o effeminate_a people_n inhabit_v a_o delicious_a country_n border_v on_o samnium_n and_o be_v so_o weaken_v that_o they_o send_v to_o rome_n for_o aid_n their_o ambassador_n implore_v it_o with_o tear_n and_o give_v up_o both_o themselves_o and_o country_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o senate_n at_o first_o be_v very_o unwilling_a to_o begin_v a_o war_n with_o the_o samnite_n as_o be_v their_o friend_n and_o ally_n but_o the_o importunate_a cry_n and_o prayer_n of_o the_o ambassador_n and_o more_o especial_o the_o scornful_a refusal_n of_o the_o samnite_n to_o desist_v from_o ravage_v the_o territory_n of_o capua_n and_o campania_n so_o far_o prevail_v as_o at_o last_o to_o make_v they_o undertake_v the_o war._n the_o consul_n valerius_n and_o cornelius_n begin_v their_o march_n with_o two_o distinct_a army_n one_o to_o capua_n and_o the_o other_o into_o samnium_n valerius_n after_o a_o most_o bloody_a and_o obstinate_a fight_n overthrow_v the_o enemy_n in_o campania_n and_o become_v master_n of_o their_o camp_n the_o roman_n confess_v they_o never_o meet_v with_o more_o resolute_a enemy_n and_o demand_v of_o they_o what_o make_v they_o fly_v after_o so_o brave_a a_o resistance_n they_o answer_v that_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o roman_n appear_v to_o they_o like_o flame_n of_o fire_n and_o their_o look_n so_o fierce_a and_o dreadful_a as_o not_o to_o be_v bear_v with_o in_o samnium_n cornelius_n the_o other_o consul_n have_v unwary_o lead_v his_o army_n too_o forward_o into_o a_o dangerous_a place_n p._n decius_n a_o tribune_n in_o the_o army_n bold_o possess_v himself_o of_o a_o hill_n above_o the_o enemy_n who_o much_o surprise_v at_o the_o attempt_n turn_v their_o principal_a force_n thither_o which_o give_v opportunity_n to_o the_o consul_n to_o draw_v off_o his_o man_n to_o a_o more_o convenient_a place_n whereupon_o decius_n with_o a_o undaunted_a bravery_n though_o surround_v break_v through_o the_o enemy_n which_o more_o amaze_v they_o than_o ever_o and_o the_o consul_n at_o the_o same_o time_n charge_v with_o great_a resolution_n so_o great_a a_o victory_n be_v obtain_v that_o 30000_o of_o the_o samnite_n be_v slay_v both_o the_o consul_n triumph_v over_o the_o samnite_n and_o decius_n be_v high_o honour_v by_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n for_o his_o great_a service_n soon_o after_o this_o ambassadors_z from_o campania_n request_v to_o have_v garrison_n from_o the_o roman_n that_o winter_n in_o capua_n and_o other_o place_n to_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o insult_v of_o the_o samnite_n which_o be_v according_o send_v but_o many_o of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n be_v of_o corrupt_a with_o the_o delight_n and_o pleasure_n of_o capua_n that_o they_o begin_v to_o form_v a_o design_n of_o destroy_v the_o inhabitant_n and_o take_v the_o town_n to_o themselves_o this_o design_n be_v communicate_v to_o many_o of_o their_o companion_n in_o other_o place_n and_o well_o approve_v of_o but_o it_o be_v soon_o discover_v to_o some_o of_o their_o officer_n who_o make_v several_a removeal_v to_o disperse_v '_o they_o but_o the_o soldier_n find_v themselves_o liable_a to_o be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n and_o perhaps_o severe_o punish_v as_o soon_o as_o they_o find_v opportunity_n gather_v themselves_o together_o and_o daily_o increase_v their_o number_n march_v direct_o for_o rome_n in_o a_o rebellious_a and_o hostile_a manner_n this_o piece_n of_o boldness_n so_o surprise_v the_o senate_n
and_o valerius_n corvus_n now_o the_o four_o time_n consul_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n and_o one_o of_o the_o great_a roman_a commander_n of_o his_o time_n take_v cales_n also_o in_o which_o he_o place_v a_o colony_n of_o 2500_o person_n corvus_n return_v in_o triumph_n but_o he_o and_o his_o colleague_n be_v employ_v in_o some_o small_a action_n abroad_o a_o dictator_n be_v create_v for_o the_o hold_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o the_o election_n of_o new_a consul_n which_o be_v aemilius_n mamercinus_n who_o appoint_v publius_n philo_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 418._o two_o year_n before_o this_o a_o dictator_n be_v create_v and_o another_o a_o year_n after_o this_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o undue_a election_n and_o their_o not_o act_v i_o shall_v not_o reckon_v they_o among_o the_o number_n of_o dictator_n affair_n abroad_o be_v in_o a_o peaceable_a posture_n for_o some_o time_n but_o in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n the_o mere_a rumour_n of_o a_o invasion_n by_o the_o gaul_n occasion_v the_o creation_n of_o a_o dictator_n which_o be_v papirius_n crassus_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v v._o poplicola_n 421._o but_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v any_o extraordinary_a employment_n in_o this_o same_o year_n two_o new_a tribe_n be_v add_v namely_o the_o metian_a and_o the_o scaptian_n for_o the_o late_o admit_v citizen_n which_o now_o make_v the_o number_n twenty_o nine_o the_o arunci_n be_v also_o make_v free_a of_o the_o city_n time_n but_o without_o the_o privilege_n of_o vote_v by_o a_o law_n prefer_v by_o papirius_n the_o praetor_n about_o a_o year_n after_o the_o settlement_n of_o these_o matter_n above_o 170_o woman_n be_v put_v to_o death_n for_o the_o art_n of_o poison_v be_v discover_v by_o a_o she-slave_n this_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o such_o a_o prodigy_n by_o the_o superstitious_a people_n that_o a_o dictator_n be_v create_v to_o drive_v a_o nail_n into_o jupiter_n temple_n 422._o as_o the_o best_a remedy_n for_o the_o distemper_n of_o the_o state_n quintius_n varus_n be_v the_o man_n and_o valerius_n potius_fw-la his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o this_o be_v the_o second_o dictator_n create_v upon_o that_o account_n for_o the_o two_o succeed_a year_n a_o war_n be_v carry_v on_o against_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o privernum_n in_o the_o volscian_a state_n who_o be_v draw_v into_o it_o by_o vitrurius_n vaccus_n a_o man_n of_o principal_a note_n among_o the_o arunci_n the_o first_o year_n they_o be_v overthrow_v the_o next_o vitrurius_n be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o privernum_n surrender_v the_o principal_a actor_n with_o vitrurius_n be_v put_v to_o death_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v free_a of_o the_o city_n 424._o this_o happen_v in_o the_o same_o year_n with_o alexander_n destroy_v the_o persian_a empire_n and_o his_o set_n up_o the_o macedonian_a and_o 60_o after_o the_o burn_a of_o rome_n by_o the_o gaul_n in_o a_o year_n or_o two_o after_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o palaepolis_n in_o campania_n trust_v to_o the_o treachery_n of_o the_o samnite_n and_o take_v advantage_n from_o a_o plague_n in_o rome_n commit_v great_a act_n of_o hostility_n against_o the_o roman_n who_o dwell_v about_o cumae_n and_o falernus_n war_n be_v present_o declare_v against_o they_o and_o though_o they_o we_o assist_v by_o the_o samnite_n and_o tarentines_n a_o people_n beyond_o they_o yet_o they_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v up_o their_o city_n which_o stand_v in_o some_o place_n where_o naples_n do_v afterward_o and_o the_o samnite_n lose_v three_o of_o their_o own_o to_n the_o tarentines_n nevertheless_o proceed_v and_o draw_v the_o samnite_n with_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o palaepoltians_n again_o into_o the_o war_n wherein_o the_o vestini_n together_o with_o their_o ally_n be_v also_o engage_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o war_n great_a commotion_n happen_v in_o the_o city_n occasion_v by_o one_o papirius_n who_o have_v give_v up_o himself_o as_o slave_n to_o publius_n a_o severe_a usurer_n to_o work_v out_o his_o father_n debt_n papirius_n be_v both_o young_a and_o beautiful_a publius_n attempt_v to_o abuse_v he_o after_o a_o filthy_a manner_n and_o upon_o his_o refusal_n most_o cruel_o scourge_v he_o in_o this_o condition_n papirius_n flee_v to_o the_o people_n who_o be_v so_o affect_v with_o his_o barbarous_a usage_n that_o they_o procure_v these_o two_o law_n short_o after_o first_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v detain_v in_o bound_n except_o for_o heinous_a misdemeanour_n and_o then_o not_o after_o punishment_n the_o second_o that_o the_o money_n and_o good_n not_o the_o body_n of_o the_o debtor_n shall_v be_v responsible_a whereupon_o all_o prisoner_n for_o debt_n be_v immediate_o set_v at_o liberty_n the_o follow_a year_n the_o vestini_n be_v overthrow_v by_o brutus_n scaeva_n the_o consul_n and_o two_o town_n take_v from_o '_o they_o his_o colleague_n furius_n camillus_n be_v sick_a at_o samnium_n 428._o name_v papirius_n cursor_n for_o dictator_n the_o most_o famous_a commander_n in_o those_o time_n who_o appoint_v fabius_n rullianus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n papirius_n be_v encamp_v nigh_o the_o samnite_n be_v force_v to_o return_v to_o rome_n to_o renew_v his_o auspicia_fw-la leave_v a_o most_o strict_a command_n to_o fabius_n not_o to_o stir_v out_o of_o his_o trench_n in_o his_o absence_n but_o fabius_n find_v a_o great_a advantage_n engage_v the_o enemy_n and_o make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n of_o '_o they_o the_o dictator_n in_o a_o great_a rage_n return_v to_o the_o camp_n and_o will_v have_v put_v he_o to_o death_n but_o the_o army_n rescue_v he_o which_o cause_v papirius_n to_o make_v great_a complaint_n to_o the_o senate_n withaâ_n urge_v the_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o a_o strict_a discipline_n and_o authority_n but_o at_o last_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o father_n with_o the_o commotion_n of_o the_o tribune_n and_o people_n prevail_v with_o he_o to_o spare_v his_o life_n this_o severity_n of_o papirius_n so_o alienate_v the_o heart_n of_o the_o soldier_n that_o it_o almost_o cost_v he_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o battle_n soon_o after_o which_o constrain_v he_o to_o be_v more_o popular_a for_o the_o future_a after_o which_o he_o overthrow_v the_o samnite_n and_o so_o much_o waste_v their_o country_n as_o force_v they_o to_o desire_v a_o peace_n the_o samnite_n soon_o return_v to_o their_o former_a enmity_n and_o in_o two_o year_n time_n they_o grow_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o senate_n think_v it_o necessary_a to_o create_v a_o dictator_n to_o oppose_v they_o and_o this_o be_v cornelius_n arvina_n who_o appoint_v fabius_n ambustus_n for_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 431._o and_o give_v the_o enemy_n a_o great_a overthrow_n by_o which_o the_o samnite_n be_v so_o weaken_a that_o they_o send_v all_o their_o prisoner_n and_o plunder_n to_o rome_n together_o with_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o the_o author_n of_o the_o revolt_n who_o have_v kilâed_v himself_o to_o avoid_v be_v deliver_v up_o and_o all_o to_o purchase_v peace_n the_o senate_n only_o receiuâd_v the_o man_n with_o such_o good_n as_o be_v particular_o challenge_v and_o deem_v they_o peace_n enrage_v at_o this_o pontius_n the_o chief_a man_n among_o they_o draw_v out_o the_o samnite_n to_o a_o place_n call_v caudium_n and_o put_v ten_o soldier_n in_o the_o habit_n of_o shepherd_n he_o send_v they_o to_o calatia_n where_o the_o consul_n lay_v with_o instruction_n to_o report_v that_o the_o samnite_n be_v now_o in_o apulia_n before_o luceria_n and_o have_v almost_o take_v it_o the_o consul_n believe_v this_o report_n make_v all_o speed_n to_o relieve_v the_o town_n lest_o their_o ally_n the_o apulian_o may_v be_v oblige_v to_o join_v with_o the_o samnite_n now_o the_o roman_n have_v but_o two_o way_n to_o march_n to_o luceria_n one_o large_a enough_o but_o far_o about_o the_o other_o a_o narrow_a passage_n through_o the_o strait_o of_o caudium_n a_o place_n incompassâd_v with_o high_a mountain_n and_o extreme_a difficult_a and_o dangerous_a to_o pass_v if_o a_o enemy_n be_v nigh_o the_o consul_n lead_v their_o army_n through_o this_o be_v immediate_o block_v up_o on_o all_o side_n by_o pontius_n who_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o all_o the_o defile_v the_o samnite_n have_v get_v the_o roman_n at_o this_o great_a advantage_n immediate_o send_v to_o herennius_n pontius_n father_n to_o know_v how_o to_o proceed_v herennius_n send_v two_o several_a message_n the_o first_o to_o dismiss_v the_o roman_n without_o any_o injury_n at_o all_o the_o second_o to_o put_v they_o all_o to_o the_o sword_n urge_v that_o one_o of_o thâse_a two_o way_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o first_o will_v lay_v a_o perpetual_a obligation_n on_o a_o most_o powerful_a people_n and_o the_o second_o will_v be_v a_o great_a weaken_n of_o a_o most_o formidable_a enemy_n and_o that_o no_o three_o way_n can_v either_o gain_v
roman_n and_o with_o they_o be_v fight_v several_a battle_n the_o samnite_n be_v almost_o always_o loser_n but_o the_o most_o memorable_a be_v that_o about_o three_o year_n after_o this_o last_o breach_n when_o they_o have_v get_v the_o umbrian_n and_o gaul_n with_o some_o of_o the_o etrurians_n to_o assist_v they_o and_o receiuâd_v a_o most_o dreadful_a overthrow_n by_o the_o consul_n fabius_n maximus_n and_o decius_n mus._n in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o fight_n decius_n see_v his_o party_n retire_v and_o in_o danger_n of_o be_v defeat_v he_o follow_v the_o great_a example_n of_o his_o father_n above_o forty_o year_n before_o and_o most_o solemn_o devote_v himself_o to_o the_o god_n then_o rush_v into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o enemy_n with_o a_o extraordinary_a fury_n and_o courage_n he_o recover_v his_o army_n but_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o life_n about_o two_o year_n after_o papirius_n son_n to_o the_o former_a get_v a_o noble_a victory_n over_o they_o take_v above_o 15000_o prisoner_n gain_v several_a town_n and_o obtain_v a_o splendid_a triumph_n but_o the_o follow_a year_n the_o samnite_n venture_v another_o battle_n and_o have_v better_a fortune_n overthrow_v fabius_n gurges_n the_o consul_n which_o put_v the_o senate_n upon_o remove_v of_o he_o but_o his_o father_n fabius_n maximus_n to_o prevent_v the_o disgrace_n promise_v to_o be_v lieutenant_n to_o his_o son_n which_o office_n he_o perform_v so_o well_o as_o he_o procure_v he_o a_o great_a victory_n and_o a_o triumph_n and_o within_o two_o year_n after_o the_o samnite_n be_v so_o mortify_v as_o to_o beg_v a_o peace_n after_o pontius_n their_o general_n have_v be_v take_v and_o slay_v which_o be_v at_o last_o grant_v they_o and_o the_o league_n be_v renew_v with_o âem_v a_o four_o time_n in_o less_o than_o a_o year_n time_n 462._o the_o samnite_n again_o break_v their_o league_n but_o be_v punish_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o several_a battle_n and_o more_o town_n over_o who_o dentatus_n the_o consul_n triumph_v twice_o in_o one_o year_n after_o which_o be_v colony_n send_v to_o castrum_n sena_n and_o adria_n two_o year_n after_o the_o triumvir_n for_o capital_a matter_n be_v create_v capitale_n who_o have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o punish_v all_o malefactor_n and_o in_o the_o same_o year_n 273000_o free_a citizen_n be_v cess_v three_o year_n after_o that_o the_o commons_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o desperate_a debt_n and_o violent_a contest_v between_o they_o and_o the_o patrician_n withdraw_v themselves_o into_o the_o hill_n janiculum_n which_o be_v the_o three_o separation_n of_o the_o plebeian_n the_o senate_n to_o appease_v this_o dangerous_a tumult_n 467._o create_v q._n hortensius_n dictator_n who_o with_o many_o art_n and_o much_o difficulty_n persuade_v they_o to_o return_v promise_v they_o that_o their_o plebiscita_fw-la shall_v have_v the_o force_n of_o law_n and_o bind_v the_o whole_a body_n politic_a this_o be_v call_v the_o lex_fw-la hortensia_n though_o the_o same_o in_o effect_n have_v be_v grant_v twice_o before_o soon_o after_o war_n be_v successful_o manage_v against_o the_o lucani_n a_o nation_n in_o almost_o the_o far_a part_n of_o italy_n who_o have_v molest_v the_o thurini_n the_o roman_a ally_n 472._o but_o the_o last_o of_o the_o italian_n that_o make_v much_o opposition_n be_v the_o tarentines_n former_o mention_v who_o inhabit_v a_o very_a large_a and_o rich_a city_n in_o the_o south-eastern_a part_n of_o italy_n 240_o mile_n from_o rome_n these_o people_n have_v plunder_v several_a of_o the_o roman_a ship_n which_o be_v the_o occasion_n and_o beginning_n of_o that_o war._n nevertheless_o these_o tarentines_n though_o join_v with_o the_o lucani_n messapii_fw-la brutii_n apulii_n and_o samnite_n the_o four_o former_a be_v their_o neighbour_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o south-eastern_a part_n of_o italy_n be_v not_o able_a to_o oppose_v the_o extraordinary_a grow_a power_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n so_o distress_v that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o send_v for_o pyrrhus_n king_n of_o epirus_n to_o come_v over_o and_o assist_v '_o they_o and_o thus_o begin_v the_o memorable_a war_n with_o that_o famous_a commander_n the_o most_o considerable_a the_o roman_n ever_o before_o meet_v with_o which_o happen_v in_o the_o 473d_o year_n of_o the_o city_n a._n m._n 3724_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o the_o 124th_o olympiad_n 228_o since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n 109_o since_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o city_n by_o the_o gaul_n 49_o since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n by_o alexander_n and_o 279_o before_o our_o saviour_n christ._n chap._n viii_o from_o the_o first_o war_n with_o pyrrhus_n king_n of_o epirus_n to_o the_o first_o punic_a or_o carthaginian_a war_n when_o the_o roman_n first_o set_v foot_n out_o of_o italy_n contain_v the_o space_n of_o 16_o year_n i._o pyrrhus_n be_v much_o solicit_v by_o the_o tarentines_n to_o come_v into_o italy_n 473._o who_o in_o the_o name_n of_o many_o of_o the_o italian_n make_v many_o large_a present_n to_o he_o signify_v how_o much_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o a_o general_n so_o eminent_a both_o for_o ability_n and_o the_o reputation_n of_o his_o arms._n pyrrhus_n be_v of_o a_o generous_a and_o ambitious_a temper_n promise_v they_o to_o come_v over_o with_o a_o army_n and_o short_o after_o dispatch_v cineas_n a_o thessalian_a a_o excellent_a orator_n and_o scholar_n of_o demosthenes_n with_o 3000_o man_n for_o tarentum_n soon_o after_o he_o he_o put_v to_o sea_n with_o 20_o elephant_n 3000_o horse_n 20000_o foot_n 2000_o archer_n and_o 500_o slinger_n but_o meet_v with_o a_o great_a storm_n his_o ship_n be_v much_o disperse_v and_o some_o lose_v so_o that_o he_o arrive_v at_o tarentum_n but_o with_o a_o small_a part_n of_o his_o army_n when_o he_o enter_v the_o town_n he_o refuse_v to_o act_v without_o their_o particular_a order_n till_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o army_n be_v arrive_v then_o observe_v how_o the_o inhabitant_n apply_v themselves_o chief_o to_o bathe_v feast_v and_o their_o pleasure_n he_o shut_v up_o the_o public_a meet_v place_n restrain_v they_o from_o drink_v and_o game_n and_o call_v they_o to_o arm_n be_v very_o severe_a in_o list_v man_n fit_a for_o action_n and_o service_n he_o now_o receiuâd_v intelligence_n that_o laevinus_n the_o roman_a consul_n be_v upon_o his_o march_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n waste_v lucania_n as_o he_o pass_v and_o though_o these_o confederate_a troop_n be_v not_o all_o arriuâd_v he_o draw_v out_o his_o army_n against_o he_o but_o before_o the_o army_n can_v join_v he_o send_v to_o laevinus_n offer_v a_o mediation_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o their_o adversary_n but_o laevinus_n return_v answer_n that_o he_o neither_o esteem_v he_o as_o a_o mediator_n nor_o fear_v he_o as_o a_o enemy_n and_o take_v his_o messenger_n he_o order_v they_o to_o be_v lead_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o bid_v they_o go_v tell_v their_o master_n what_o they_o have_v see_v pyrrhus_n advance_v and_o encamp_v on_o the_o plain_a between_o pandosia_n and_o heraclia_n and_o perceive_v the_o roman_n lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n lyris_fw-la in_o good_a order_n he_o plant_v man_n all_o along_o the_o bank_n to_o oppose_v their_o passage_n but_o the_o roman_n hasten_v to_o prevent_v the_o come_n up_o of_o those_o force_n he_o expect_v attempt_v the_o passage_n with_o their_o infantry_n where_o it_o be_v fordable_a the_o horse_n get_v over_o in_o several_a place_n so_o that_o the_o greek_n fear_v to_o be_v hem_v in_o be_v oblige_v to_o retreata_fw-la little_a way_n which_o pyrrhus_n perceive_v draw_v up_o his_o man_n in_o battalion_n himself_o at_o the_o head_n of_o they_o and_o begin_v the_o charge_n he_o be_v very_o remarkable_a for_o the_o fineness_n and_o richness_n of_o his_o arm_n but_o more_o for_o the_o bravery_n and_o nobleness_n of_o his_o act_n manage_v the_o battle_n with_o a_o great_a steadiness_n and_o presence_n of_o mind_n and_o perform_v the_o drudgery_n of_o a_o common_a soldier_n as_o well_o as_o the_o office_n of_o a_o general_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o fight_n pyrrhusâ_n â_z horse_n be_v kill_v under_o he_o which_o oblige_v he_o to_o change_v armour_n with_o one_o near_o he_o who_o be_v take_v for_o the_o king_n be_v slay_v and_o his_o armour_n take_v this_o armour_n be_v carry_v about_o by_o the_o roman_n in_o token_n of_o his_o death_n strike_v such_o a_o terror_n into_o his_o soldier_n that_o it_o have_v lose_v he_o the_o victory_n but_o that_o he_o seasonable_o and_o with_o much_o labour_n make_v himself_o know_v whilst_o the_o battle_n seem_v doubtful_a the_o elephant_n be_v send_v in_o among_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o surprise_n they_o be_v in_o together_o with_o their_o horse_n not_o endure_v the_o smell_n and_o bigness_n of_o
of_o janus_n continue_v shut_v and_o in_o the_o six_o be_v open_v by_o a_o war_n with_o the_o illyrian_n a_o people_n nigh_o greece_n who_o inhabit_v that_o country_n which_o be_v now_o call_v dalmatia_n for_o teuta_n queen_n of_o that_o nation_n elevate_v by_o her_o prosperity_n in_o peace_n give_v her_o subject_n commission_n to_o rob_v all_o they_o meet_v with_o at_o sea_n some_o of_o which_o happen_v to_o be_v merchant_n of_o italy_n who_o they_o use_v very_o barbarous_o upon_o intelligence_n of_o this_o the_o roman_n dispatch_v two_o ambassador_n caius_z and_o lucius_n coruncanus_n to_o illyricum_n to_o demand_v satisfaction_n teuta_n tell_v they_o that_o she_o will_v take_v care_n that_o no_o public_a injury_n shall_v be_v offer_v to_o the_o roman_n but_o she_o think_v it_o be_v never_o the_o custom_n of_o prince_n to_o hinder_v their_o subject_n from_o make_v what_o private_a advantage_n they_o can_v from_o the_o sea_n but_o lucius_n smart_o tell_v she_o that_o the_o roman_n have_v learn_v a_o better_a custom_n which_o be_v to_o punish_v private_a injury_n with_o a_o public_a revenge_n and_o to_o relieve_v the_o distress_a and_o they_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o god_n will_v take_v care_n to_o reform_v her_o princely_a custom_n the_o queen_n take_v this_o freedom_n so_o heinous_o that_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n she_o send_v after_o the_o ambassador_n and_o slay_v lucius_n this_o so_o enrage_v the_o roman_n that_o war_n be_v immediate_o proclaim_v against_o she_o and_o the_o two_o consul_n send_v to_o illyricum_n fulvius_n with_o a_o fleet_n and_o posthumius_fw-la with_o a_o land_n army_n fulvius_n have_v corcyra_n surrender_v to_o he_o at_o his_o first_o appearance_n before_o it_o and_o soon_o after_o take_v apollonia_n then_o the_o army_n join_v the_o consul_n relieve_v dyrrhachium_n which_o be_v invest_v by_o the_o illyrian_n soon_o after_o most_o of_o the_o illyrick_a town_n be_v surrender_v to_o the_o consul_n whereupon_o the_o queen_n retire_v with_o a_o few_o follower_n to_o rhizon_n a_o strong_a town_n and_o the_o spring_n after_o send_v to_o rome_n to_o beg_v peace_n which_o be_v grant_v upon_o these_o term_n first_o to_o pay_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n second_o to_o quit_v all_o illyricum_n except_o a_o very_a few_o place_n and_o three_o not_o to_o sail_v beyond_o the_o river_n lissus_n with_o more_o than_o two_o bark_n and_o those_o unarm_v thus_o end_v the_o first_o illyrian_a war_n in_o less_o than_o two_o year_n time_n v._o these_o war_n in_o illyricum_n still_o enlarge_v the_o roman_a dominion_n and_o their_o generous_a behaviour_n gain_v they_o as_o much_o love_n as_o their_o valour_n have_v get_v they_o reputation_n in_o those_o part_n particular_o among_o the_o athenian_n and_o corinthian_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o pass_v a_o decree_n in_o honour_n of_o they_o which_o make_v they_o free_a of_o the_o isthmian_a game_n one_o of_o the_o four_o solemn_a exercise_n of_o greece_n 527._o and_o this_o same_o year_n be_v the_o praetor_n increase_v to_o four_o one_o be_v send_v to_o the_o province_n of_o sicily_n and_o another_o to_o that_o of_o sardinia_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n domestic_a disturbance_n about_o the_o division_n of_o land_n take_v from_o the_o gaul_n awaken_v that_o nation_n who_o conclude_v that_o the_o roman_n fight_v more_o out_o of_o covetousness_n than_o glory_n begin_v that_o war_n which_o the_o latin_a historian_n call_v bellum_n gallicum_n cisalpinum_fw-la these_o fierce_a people_n now_o join_v in_o confederacy_n send_v âver_o the_o alps_o for_o other_o gaul_n callâd_a gessatae_n nigh_o the_o river_n rhosne_fw-fr who_o come_v over_o with_o a_o prodigious_a force_n and_o join_v with_o the_o rest_n make_v a_o irruption_n into_o hetruria_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 50000_o foot_n and_o 20000_o horse_n the_o roman_n to_o oppose_v they_o make_v the_o great_a preparation_n that_o have_v be_v know_v all_o italy_n be_v up_o in_o arm_n to_o the_o number_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n which_o be_v place_v in_o several_a part_n to_o be_v in_o readiness_n upon_o all_o occasion_n and_o the_o consul_n themselves_o lead_v a_o particular_a army_n of_o 50â00_n foot_n and_o 4200_o horse_n the_o gaul_n now_o enter_v hetruria_n 529._o waste_v all_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n till_o they_o come_v to_o clusium_n about_o three_o day_n journey_n from_o rome_n where_o they_o be_v block_v up_o by_o the_o roman_n the_o praetor_n on_o their_o back_n and_o the_o consul_n before_o possess_v themselves_o of_o all_o the_o pass_n insomuch_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o form_v two_o front_n and_o fight_v very_o disadvantageous_o both_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o nakedness_n and_o the_o unfitness_n of_o their_o arms._n but_o the_o vanity_n of_o the_o gessatae_n prove_v the_o most_o injurious_a to_o they_o for_o they_o throw_v off_o all_o their_o clothes_n will_v needs_o fight_v naked_a and_o begin_v the_o first_o charge_n and_o these_o be_v easy_o break_v so_o discourage_v the_o rest_n that_o all_o flee_v the_o gaul_n be_v miserable_o slaughter_v 40000_o of_o they_o be_v kill_v and_o 10000_o take_v prisoner_n among_o the_o rest_n concolitanus_n a_o king_n of_o the_o gessatae_n the_o consul_n obtain_v a_o most_o splendid_a triumph_n for_o this_o victory_n scarce_o any_o being_n more_o remarkable_a for_o the_o number_n of_o the_o prisoner_n or_o the_o variety_n and_o value_n of_o the_o spoil_n the_o next_o year_n great_a inroad_n be_v make_v into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o gaul_n they_o be_v several_a time_n overthrow_v at_o which_o time_n the_o consul_n be_v abroad_o a_o dictator_n be_v create_v to_o hold_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o a_o new_a election_n 350._o which_o be_v caecilius_n metellus_n and_o fabius_n buteo_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n or_o lieutenant_n the_o gaul_n be_v now_o so_o harass_v and_o weaken_v that_o they_o send_v ambassador_n to_o rome_n to_o beg_v peace_n on_o any_o term_n but_o claudius_n marcellus_n and_o cornelius_n scipio_n put_v a_o stop_n to_o that_o affair_n and_o stir_v up_o the_o multitude_n to_o continue_v the_o war._n whereupon_o the_o gaul_n now_o grow_v desperate_a resolve_v to_o make_v their_o last_o effort_n and_o procure_v â0000_n auxiliary_n from_o the_o gessatae_n the_o consul_n march_v into_o the_o country_n of_o the_o insubres_n and_o open_v the_o campaign_n with_o the_o siege_n of_o acerrae_n whereupon_o the_o gaul_n invest_v clastidium_n a_o confederate_a town_n of_o the_o roman_n marcellus_n with_o two_o three_o of_o his_o cavalry_n and_o a_o small_a detachment_n of_o light-armed_a footman_n march_v both_o night_n and_o day_n towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a inequality_n of_o the_o number_n and_o the_o extraordinary_a fatigue_n of_o the_o long_a march_n he_o fall_v upon_o they_o and_o after_o a_o bloody_a battle_n overthrow_v '_o they_o marcellus_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n kill_v virdomarus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o gessatae_n 532._o and_o dedicate_v the_o three_o opima_fw-la spolia_fw-la or_o royal_a spoil_n to_o jupiter_n feretrius_n obtain_v likewise_o a_o noble_a triumph_n those_o that_o escape_v flee_v to_o mediolanum_n now_o callâd_v milan_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o insubrian_a gaul_n which_o be_v short_o after_o take_v the_o gallic_a war_n be_v end_v after_o six_o year_n continuance_n to_o the_o considerable_a enlargement_n of_o the_o roman_a dominion_n colony_n be_v plant_v not_o long_o after_o at_o cremona_n and_o at_o placentia_n about_o this_o time_n a_o multitude_n of_o libertini_n or_o free_v slave_n which_o live_v disperse_v among_o all_o the_o tribe_n give_v great_a disturbance_n to_o the_o city_n which_o occasion_v the_o censor_n at_o the_o next_o lustrum_fw-la to_o confine_v all_o these_o to_o four_o tribe_n 534._o namely_o esquilina_n palatina_n suburrana_n and_o collina_n at_o which_o time_n be_v also_o 170213_o free_a citizen_n cess_v in_o the_o same_o censorship_n c._n flaminius_n one_o of_o the_o censor_n build_v a_o cirque_fw-la and_o pave_v the_o highway_n as_o far_o as_o ariminum_n 130_o mile_n both_o which_o great_a work_n be_v afterward_o call_v by_o his_o name_n within_o a_o year_n after_o the_o illyrian_n revolt_a be_v reduce_v by_o aemilius_n and_o livius_n the_o consul_n though_o with_o some_o difficulty_n and_o trouble_n but_o the_o great_a concern_v the_o roman_n have_v now_o be_v the_o successful_a progress_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n in_o spain_n who_o now_o have_v gain_v a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o country_n and_o more_o than_o all_o have_v take_v saguntus_n a_o town_n in_o alliance_n with_o râmâ_n after_o they_o be_v desire_v to_o desist_v this_o cause_v the_o roman_n to_o send_v their_o ambassador_n to_o carthage_n to_o require_v their_o general_n hannibal_n to_o be_v deliver_v up_o and_o if_o that_o be_v not_o grant_v to_o denounce_v war._n the_o ambassador_n find_v the_o carthaginian_n very_o little_a incline_v to_o give_v any_o satisfaction_n
the_o senior_n of_o they_o hold_v out_o the_o skirt_n of_o his_o robe_n tell_v the_o senate_n here_o we_o bring_v you_o war_n or_o peace_n choose_v which_o you_o please_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o other_o answer_v deliver_v which_o you_o will_v the_o roman_a reply_v war_n the_o other_o accept_v of_o it_o and_o thus_o begin_v the_o second_o punic_a or_o carthaginian_a war_n 23_o year_n after_o the_o first_o in_o the_o 536th_o year_n of_o the_o city_n a._n m._n 3787_o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o the_o 140th_o olympiad_n 291_o year_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n 172_o since_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o city_n by_o the_o gaul_n 112_o since_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n by_o alexander_n and_o 216_o before_o our_o saviour_n nativity_n chap._n x._o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n to_o the_o finish_n of_o it_o by_o scipio_n africanus_n when_o the_o roman_n become_v perfect_a in_o the_o art_n of_o war._n contain_v the_o space_n of_o 17_o year_n i._o the_o war_n be_v break_v out_o a_o second_o time_n between_o these_o two_o rival_n nation_n 536._o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n the_o latter_a commit_v the_o management_n of_o it_o to_o hannibal_n amilcar_n son_n now_o in_o spain_n a_o person_n of_o wonderful_a ability_n as_o to_o war_n both_o for_o conduct_n and_o valour_n of_o a_o hardy_a laborious_a and_o indefatigable_a body_n as_o well_o as_o a_o fierce_a dare_a and_o undaunted_a mind_n this_o general_n have_v swear_v himself_o a_o mortal_a enemy_n to_o the_o roman_n and_o have_v overrun_v all_o spain_n to_o the_o pyrenaean_a mountain_n he_o resolve_v to_o run_v any_o danger_n or_o hazard_n so_o he_o may_v procure_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n therefore_o leave_v hanno_n with_o a_o sufficient_a force_n to_o guard_v that_o country_n he_o cross_v the_o pyrenaean_a mountain_n into_o gaul_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 50000_o foot_n and_o 9000_o horse_n of_o different_a nation_n and_o language_n from_o whence_o he_o short_o pass_v the_o rhosne_fw-fr with_o great_a danger_n and_o difficulty_n the_o river_n there_o be_v swift_a and_o spacious_a and_o its_o bank_n cover_v with_o many_o and_o dangerous_a enemy_n in_o ten_o day_n march_v from_o thence_o he_o arriuâd_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o alps_o over_o which_o he_o resolve_v to_o pass_v into_o italy_n notwithstanding_o the_o lateness_n of_o the_o season_n the_o fear_n of_o his_o man_n his_o ignorance_n of_o the_o way_n the_o labour_n of_o the_o march_n and_o all_o the_o numerous_a peril_n and_o hazard_n that_o attend_v so_o vast_a a_o enterprise_n it_o be_v now_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n and_o every_o thing_n appear_v strange_a and_o dreadful_a the_o prodigious_a height_n of_o the_o mountain_n cap_v with_o snow_n the_o rude_a misshapen_v cottage_n on_o the_o side_n of_o craggy_a steep_a rock_n the_o cattle_n sheep_n and_o horse_n parched_a and_o stiff_a with_o cold_a the_o people_n barbarous_a and_o with_o long_o shag_v hair_n like_o savage_n and_o nothing_o to_o be_v see_v but_o a_o general_a scene_n of_o deformity_n and_o horror_n the_o soldier_n in_o this_o march_n beside_o their_o fear_n be_v extreme_o afflict_v with_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o cold_n and_o grievous_o harass_v by_o the_o narrow_a defile_v the_o slippery_a passage_n and_o the_o craggy_a rock_n but_o more_o especial_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o from_o their_o lurk_a place_n fall_v often_o upon_o they_o with_o great_a slaughter_n and_o sometime_o by_o their_o unusual_a shout_n and_o outcry_n which_o be_v redouble_v by_o the_o echo_n between_o the_o rock_n and_o valley_n their_o horse_n be_v so_o affright_v as_o they_o frequent_o overthrow_v themselves_o man_n and_o carriage_n down_o these_o narrow_a precipice_n who_o fall_v from_o one_o rock_n to_o another_o make_v a_o dreadful_a rumble_a as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o fall_n of_o some_o castle_n or_o great_a building_n nevertheless_o after_o nine_o day_n painful_a march_n through_o these_o untrodden_a path_n hannibal_n at_o last_o gain_v the_o top_n of_o these_o vast_a mountain_n where_o he_o refresh_v his_o man_n and_o encourage_v their_o faint_a mind_n by_o a_o distant_a prospect_n of_o italy_n tell_v âem_v that_o now_o like_o hardy_a soldier_n they_o have_v mount_v not_o only_o the_o wall_n of_o italy_n but_o those_o of_o rome_n too_o after_o two_o day_n respite_n among_o these_o dismal_a place_n the_o army_n mouâd_v forward_o and_o be_v force_v to_o encounter_v with_o new_a difficulty_n for_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o snow_n be_v late_o fall_v as_o many_o man_n be_v lose_v in_o the_o depth_n of_o that_o as_o have_v be_v before_o by_o the_o enemy_n encounter_n and_o now_o a_o sort_n of_o despair_n appear_v in_o almost_o every_o man_n face_n but_o hannibal_n who_o still_o remain_v steady_a and_o unshaken_a incite_v they_o forward_o till_o they_o arriuâd_v at_o a_o place_n which_o be_v a_o rocky_a precipice_n where_o the_o earth_n have_v late_o fall_v away_o to_o the_o depth_n of_o 1000_o foot_n so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o pass_v with_o elephant_n or_o horse_n whereupon_o he_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v his_o man_n through_o other_o unknown_a way_n but_o find_v the_o snow_n have_v make_v they_o impassable_a he_o be_v force_v to_o betake_v himself_o to_o the_o level_v the_o rock_n in_o order_n to_o that_o great_a number_n of_o huge_a tree_n be_v fell_v and_o a_o mighty_a pile_n make_v against_o it_o and_o set_v on_o fire_n when_o the_o rock_n be_v red-hot_a they_o soften_v and_o putrefy_v it_o with_o vinegar_n as_o livy_n relate_v it_o and_o then_o with_o wonderful_a labour_n cleave_v it_o lessen_v the_o descent_n by_o such_o moderate_a turn_n that_o not_o only_o the_o beast_n of_o burden_n but_o the_o elephant_n also_o may_v safe_o pass_v four_o day_n indefatigable_a toil_n be_v employ_v about_o this_o rock_n the_o beast_n the_o mean_a while_n be_v almost_o stary_v have_v have_v very_o little_a sustenance_n all_o that_o time_n but_o come_v low_o certain_a valley_n afford_v pasture_n where_o the_o cattle_n be_v refresh_v and_o rest_v allow_v the_o weary_a soldier_n from_o thence_o hannibal_n descend_v into_o the_o plain_n have_v be_v 15_o day_n in_o pass_v the_o alps_o it_o be_v now_o the_o 5_o month_n after_o his_o set_n out_o from_o new_a carthage_n which_o be_v a_o city_n build_v by_o asdrubal_n in_o spain_n at_o his_o arrival_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o insubres_n he_o find_v his_o army_n reduce_v to_o about_o 18000_o foot_n and_o 6000_o horse_n according_a to_o polybius_n have_v lose_v most_o of_o they_o upon_o the_o alps_n scipio_n the_o consul_n hear_v of_o hannibalâs_n âs_z march_n hasten_v to_o meet_v he_o before_o his_o man_n be_v well_o refresh_v both_o army_n meet_v at_o ticinum_n now_o pavia_n in_o which_o battle_n the_o consul_n be_v wound_v be_v sauâd_v by_o the_o great_a valour_n of_o his_o young_a son_n afterward_o callâd_v africanus_n and_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n be_v defeat_v especial_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o numidian_a cavalry_n who_o unexpected_o fall_v upon_o his_o rear_n soon_o after_o this_o defeat_n sempronius_n the_o other_o consul_n out_o of_o sicily_n joynâd_n scipio_n at_o the_o river_n trebia_n sempronius_n have_v be_v successful_a in_o some_o skirmish_n resoluâd_v to_o give_v the_o enemy_n battle_n before_o too_o many_o of_o the_o gaul_n be_v joynâd_v he_o though_o scipio_n be_v much_o against_o it_o who_o be_v now_o lay_v up_o of_o his_o wound_n hannibal_n know_v the_o gaul_n to_o be_v all_o at_o his_o devotion_n and_o find_v his_o own_o man_n fresh_a and_o vigorous_a endeavour_v at_o nothing_o more_o than_o a_o battle_n upon_o the_o nigh_o approach_v of_o these_o army_n hannibal_n convey_v 1000_o choice_a horse_n into_o a_o private_a place_n and_o another_o party_n he_o send_v to_o brave_a the_o roman_n before_o they_o can_v provide_v against_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wether_n by_o meat_n or_o drink_n so_o that_o engage_v with_o cold_a and_o hunger_n pass_v the_o river_n up_o to_o the_o armpit_n and_o be_v unexpected_o charge_v both_o in_o front_n and_o rear_n they_o be_v entire_o defeat_v though_o not_o without_o great_a slaughter_n of_o the_o enemy_n through_o who_o rank_n 10000_o desperate_o break_v and_o escape_v to_o placentia_n 26000_o be_v either_o slay_v take_v or_o drown_v in_o the_o river_n the_o carthaginian_n have_v do_v what_o they_o be_v able_a in_o pursue_v retire_v to_o their_o camp_n so_o stupefy_v with_o cold_a that_o they_o be_v scarce_o sensible_a of_o their_o victory_n for_o rain_v mix_v with_o snow_n and_o intolerable_a cold_a kill_v many_o of_o their_o man_n and_o almost_o all_o their_o beast_n and_o elephant_n thus_o hannibal_n be_v now_o as_o successful_a in_o his_o battle_n as_o before_o he_o have_v be_v dare_v in_o his_o march_n the_o roman_n never_o
he_o write_v the_o sum_n of_o his_o great_a exploit_n then_o put_v to_o sea_n in_o a_o melancholy_a temper_n have_v lose_v both_o his_o brother_n asdrubal_n and_o mago_n and_o a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o best_a man_n he_o land_a in_o a_o few_o day_n at_o leptis_n from_o whence_o he_o march_v to_o adrumetum_n and_o next_o to_o zama_n five_o day_n journey_n from_o carthage_n a_o general_n satisfaction_n be_v in_o rome_n for_o his_o departure_n for_o never_o be_v a_o general_n more_o dread_v by_o âem_v and_o much_o about_o that_o time_n a_o dictator_n be_v create_v for_o hold_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o a_o new_a election_n of_o consul_n 551._o sulpicius_n galba_n be_v the_o person_n and_o servilius_n geminus_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n hannibal_n now_o lie_v encamp_v near_o zama_n and_o scipio_n not_o far_o from_o he_o the_o former_a beginning_n to_o consider_v the_o decline_a estate_n of_o his_o country_n desire_v a_o meeting_n with_o scipio_n to_o treat_v of_o a_o peace_n which_o be_v grant_v in_o a_o large_a plain_n between_o the_o two_o army_n the_o two_o great_a general_n in_o the_o world_n come_v to_o a_o interview_n but_o receive_v mutual_o no_o satisfaction_n especial_o for_o that_o scipio_n have_v upbraid_v the_o carthaginian_n with_o a_o late_a breach_n of_o truce_n and_o violation_n of_o ambassador_n they_o return_v to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n by_o the_o sword_n never_o be_v a_o more_o memorable_a battle_n fight_v whether_o we_o regard_v the_o general_n the_o army_n the_o two_o state_n that_o contend_v or_o the_o importance_n of_o the_o victory_n both_o the_o general_n shewid_v admirable_a skill_n in_o place_v their_o man_n and_o choose_v their_o ground_n as_o well_o as_o extraordinary_a courage_n in_o charge_v and_o fall_v on_o let_v their_o soldier_n to_o understand_v that_o this_o battle_n must_v show_v whether_o rome_n or_o carthage_n shall_v give_v law_n to_o the_o world_n hannibal_n though_o he_o behave_v himself_o most_o gallant_o and_o with_o all_o the_o true_a management_n of_o such_o a_o expert_a commander_n be_v at_o last_o overcome_v by_o scipio_n who_o slay_v 20000_o and_o take_v as_o many_o prisoner_n whereupon_o hannibal_n persuade_v his_o countryman_n to_o beg_v peace_n and_o ambassador_n be_v immediate_o dispatch_v to_o rome_n for_o that_o purpose_n 552._o a_o little_a before_o who_o arrival_n a_o dictator_n be_v create_v for_o hold_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o election_n of_o consul_n and_o this_o be_v c._n servilius_n his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v ailius_n paetus_n the_o power_n of_o conclude_a peace_n be_v by_o the_o people_n decree_v to_o scipio_n and_o ten_o other_o and_o be_v at_o last_o agree_v to_o upon_o these_o article_n first_o that_o the_o carthaginian_n shall_v enjoy_v all_o their_o territory_n in_o africa_n but_o that_o the_o roman_n shall_v hold_v spain_n with_o all_o the_o island_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a second_o that_o all_o rebel_n and_o deserter_n shall_v be_v deliver_v up_o to_o the_o roman_n three_o that_o the_o carthaginian_n shall_v deliver_v up_o all_o the_o beak_v ship_n except_o ten_o triremes_n with_o all_o their_o tame_v elephant_n and_o tame_a no_o more_o four_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o make_v war_n in_o africa_n or_o elsewhere_o without_o leave_n from_o rome_n five_o that_o they_o shall_v r_o estore_v all_o to_o masanissa_n and_o enter_v into_o alliance_n with_o he_o sixthly_a that_o they_o shall_v give_v money_n and_o corn_n to_o the_o roman_a troop_n till_o the_o return_n of_o the_o ambassador_n and_o seven_o that_o they_o shall_v pay_v 10000_o talent_n of_o silver_n in_o 50_o year_n time_n and_o give_v 100_o hostage_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o all_o thus_o end_v the_o second_o punic_a or_o carthaginian_a war_n in_o the_o 1âth_n year_n of_o it_o to_o the_o great_a satisfaction_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o great_a renown_n of_o scipio_n who_o beside_o a_o most_o splendid_a triumph_n obtain_v the_o honourable_a surname_n of_o africanus_n it_o be_v seven_o year_n short_a though_o far_o more_o bloody_a and_o dangerous_a than_o the_o first_o punic_a war_n and_o end_v in_o the_o 55âd_a year_n of_o the_o city_n a._n m._n 3804_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o the_o 144th_o olympiad_n 308_o year_n since_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n 189_o since_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o city_n by_o the_o gaul_n 129_o since_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n by_o alexander_n and_o 199_o before_o our_o saviour_n nativity_n chap._n xi_o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o and_o the_o destruction_n of_o carthage_n when_o rome_n get_v free_a from_o all_o her_o rival_n state_n contain_v the_o space_n of_o 55_o year_n i._o these_o war_n 553._o though_o they_o have_v be_v very_o dangerous_a almost_o to_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n end_v much_o to_o the_o advantage_n of_o it_o both_z as_o to_o its_o honour_n and_o dominion_n as_o well_o as_o its_o experience_n and_o knowledge_n the_o roman_n begin_v more_o and_o more_o to_o know_v the_o use_n of_o riches_n and_o art_n and_o learn_v daily_o increase_v as_o they_o become_v more_o acquaint_v with_o the_o grecians_n for_o much_o about_o this_o time_n flourish_v ennius_n licinius_n tegula_n and_o caecilius_n all_o dramatic_a poet_n the_o roman_n be_v much_o delight_v with_o such_o spectacle_n as_o well_o as_o those_o more_o cruel_a one_o of_o gladiator_n fight_n with_o wild_a beast_n etc._n etc._n the_o finish_n of_o these_o late_a war_n much_o ease_v the_o roman_n but_o still_o they_o be_v employ_v abroad_o for_o immediate_o after_o begin_v or_o rather_o go_v on_o the_o macedonian_a war_n against_o king_n philip_n the_o first_o occasion_n be_v give_v soon_o after_o the_o great_a battle_n of_o cannae_n upon_o his_o entrance_n into_o a_o alliance_n with_o hannibal_n as_o be_v say_v before_o but_o now_o the_o roman_n have_v a_o good_a opportunity_n and_o not_o without_o provocation_n as_o well_o by_o his_o breach_n of_o faith_n with_o the_o aetolian_n and_o other_o roman_a ally_n in_o those_o part_n as_o by_o his_o supply_n long_o before_o send_v to_o hannibal_n and_o at_o the_o earnest_a request_n of_o the_o athenian_n as_o well_o as_o the_o complaint_n of_o attalus_n king_n of_o pergamus_n and_o the_o rhodian_n proclaim_v war_n against_o he_o anew_o this_o philip_n king_n of_o macedon_n be_v one_o of_o alexander_n successor_n be_v the_o ten_o king_n after_o he_o and_o a_o powerful_a prince_n in_o greece_n against_o he_o sulpicius_n galba_n the_o consul_n be_v send_v who_o by_o himself_o and_o his_o lieutenant_n put_v he_o to_o the_o worst_a divers_a time_n and_o have_v almost_o take_v he_o prisoner_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o attalus_n and_o the_o rhodian_n the_o consul_n raise_v the_o siege_n of_o athens_n whereupon_o the_o aetolian_n before_o backward_o enough_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o magistrate_n and_o the_o athenian_n now_o new_o encourage_v invade_v philip_n dominion_n but_o be_v too_o slothful_a and_o careless_a be_v easy_o repulse_v by_o he_o this_o same_o year_n obtain_v furius_n the_o praetor_n a_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o gaul_n who_o have_v late_o revolt_v and_o invest_v cremona_n kill_v 30000_o man_n and_o with_o they_o amilcar_n a_o carthaginian_a captain_n for_o this_o action_n after_o much_o dispute_n in_o the_o senate_n he_o triumph_v though_o against_o the_o custom_n and_o without_o precedent_n for_o none_o ever_o obtain_v this_o honour_n who_o have_v get_v a_o victory_n with_o another_o army_n as_o he_o have_v do_v with_o aurelius_n cotta_n the_o consul_n in_o his_o absence_n who_o therefore_o take_v the_o matter_n very_o heinous_o the_o year_n follow_v bebius_n the_o praetor_n enter_v unadvised_o into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o insubrian_a gaul_n be_v surround_v and_o lose_v above_o 6600_o of_o his_o man_n in_o this_o year_n there_o be_v but_o small_a action_n in_o macedonia_n in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o the_o macedonian_a war_n quintus_fw-la flaminius_n the_o consul_n be_v send_v thither_o who_o use_v great_a expedition_n and_o diligence_n beat_v philip_n out_o of_o the_o straits_n where_o he_o have_v be_v very_o advantageous_o post_v and_o by_o sea_n his_o brother_n lucius_n with_o attalus_n regain_v several_a confederate_a town_n and_o invest_v corinth_n itself_o but_o with_o no_o success_n the_o latter_a end_n of_o this_o year_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a business_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n 556._o the_o praetor_n in_o rome_n be_v increase_v from_o four_o to_o six_o and_o now_o the_o time_n come_v for_o the_o election_n of_o consul_n and_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o they_o to_o take_v the_o province_n from_o their_o predecessor_n the_o tribune_n right_o object_v that_o this_o custom_n hinder_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o war_n and_o so_o procure_v quintius_n government_n and_o place_n to_o be_v
which_o make_v perseus_n begin_v to_o reflect_v upon_o what_o he_o have_v do_v and_o understand_a the_o motion_n and_o preparation_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o apply_v himself_o to_o marcius_n about_o a_o treaty_n for_o peace_n rely_v upon_o the_o ancient_a friendship_n between_o their_o two_o family_n the_o ambassador_n be_v well_o satisfy_v with_o this_o opportunity_n and_o to_o divert_v he_o from_o action_n grant_v he_o truce_n till_o he_o may_v send_v to_o rome_n for_o without_o this_o he_o may_v have_v begin_v the_o war_n much_o to_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o have_v neither_o army_n nor_o commander_n yet_o arriuâd_v in_o grecce_n the_o senate_n deny_v he_o peace_n and_o attilius_n the_o consul_n be_v send_v to_o seize_v upon_o larissa_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o thessaly_n whereupon_o perseus_n draw_v all_o his_o force_n together_o have_v gather_v together_o a_o great_a army_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n be_v master_n of_o since_o alexander_n the_o great_a he_o take_v in_o some_o town_n upon_o his_o frontier_n and_o licinius_n the_o consul_n lead_v such_o a_o raw_a undisciplined_a army_n into_o macedonia_n and_o through_o such_o difficult_a and_o almost_o impassable_a place_n that_o have_v perseus_n make_v his_o advantage_n of_o this_o opportunity_n he_o may_v easy_o have_v destroy_v it_o after_o this_o he_o send_v to_o licinius_n offer_v to_o observe_v the_o article_n to_o which_o his_o father_n philip_n have_v submit_v by_o pay_v the_o tribute_n and_o leave_v the_o city_n to_o their_o liberty_n but_o can_v not_o obtain_v peace_n to_o be_v grant_v he_o upon_o these_o term_n soon_o after_o thebes_n and_o aleartus_fw-la be_v take_v by_o lucretius_n the_o praetor_n and_o the_o consul_n have_v have_v the_o advantage_n in_o another_o skirmish_n possess_v himself_o of_o some_o town_n and_o take_v up_o his_o winter-quarter_n mean_v while_n appius_n claudius_n lose_v many_o man_n in_o illyricum_n the_o year_n follow_v hostilius_n the_o consul_n who_o be_v to_o manage_v this_o war_n perform_v but_o little_a of_o moment_n beside_o reduce_v his_o man_n to_o that_o ancient_a discipline_n which_o his_o predecessor_n have_v too_o much_o neglect_v marcius_n philippus_n succeed_v he_o at_o his_o first_o entrance_n into_o his_o province_n may_v have_v easy_o be_v defeat_v have_v he_o meet_v with_o a_o prudent_a and_o expert_a enemy_n the_o way_n be_v so_o difficult_a and_o dangerous_a to_o pass_v that_o his_o soldier_n can_v scarce_o hold_v their_o weapon_n in_o their_o hand_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o weariness_n and_o after_o he_o have_v enter_v the_o plain_n he_o may_v as_o easy_o have_v be_v block_v up_o and_o staruâd_v have_v not_o perseus_n strike_v with_o a_o groundless_a fear_n retreat_v to_o pydna_n and_o leave_v all_o the_o pass_v open_a to_o he_o yet_o marcius_n act_v nothing_o of_o consequence_n leave_v all_o to_o be_v perform_v by_o his_o successor_n aemilius_n paulus_n who_o have_v be_v consul_n 17_o year_n before_o and_o be_v a_o very_a experienced_a commander_n aemilius_z very_o skilful_o manage_v the_o war_n and_o cause_v the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n to_o be_v foretell_v to_o his_o soldier_n lest_o they_o shall_v be_v discourage_v by_o it_o which_o much_o terrify_v the_o enemy_n that_o know_v nothing_o of_o the_o natural_a cause_n he_o keep_v his_o man_n from_o fight_v when_o they_o be_v fatigue_v though_o the_o officer_n be_v desirous_a to_o engage_v but_o the_o army_n lie_v encamp_v on_o each_o side_n the_o river_n enipeus_n a_o peast_n by_o chance_n pass_v over_o from_o the_o roman_a side_n be_v seize_v on_o and_o be_v rescue_v by_o degree_n draw_v both_o army_n to_o a_o engagement_n wherein_o persâus_n lose_v the_o day_n and_o with_o it_o his_o kingdom_n he_o fly_v into_o the_o isle_n of_o crete_n when_o all_o abandon_v he_o surrender_v himself_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o cn._n octavius_n aemilius_z severe_o chastise_v the_o epirot_n who_o have_v joynâd_v with_o perseâs_n plunder_v and_o demolish_n about_o 70_o of_o their_o town_n whereby_o such_o a_o great_a booty_n be_v gain_v that_o each_o footman_n have_v 200_o denarii_fw-la above_o 7_o english_a pound_n and_o every_o horseman_n twice_o as_o much_o but_o the_o soldier_n have_v gain_v little_a or_o no_o plunder_n in_o mâcâdonia_n nor_o any_o of_o the_o king_n treasure_n denyâd_v their_o general_n a_o triumph_n which_o he_o obtain_v notwithstanding_o and_o that_o a_o most_o splendid_a one_o too_o such_o as_o rome_n scare_v ever_o see_v before_o preseus_n himself_o and_o his_o two_o son_n be_v lead_v in_o great_a state_n and_o magnificence_n before_o his_o triumphal_a chariot_n and_o the_o same_o year_n cn._n octavius_n the_o praetor_n at_o sea_n triumph_v and_o l._n anicius_n before_o who_o chariot_n be_v lead_v gentius_n king_n of_o the_o illyrian_n who_o be_v a_o confederate_a of_o perseus_n be_v oblige_v to_o yield_v himself_o prisoner_n thus_o end_v the_o second_o macedonian_a war_n in_o three_o year_n time_n and_o with_o it_o the_o macedonian_a kingdom_n after_o it_o have_v continue_v 156_o year_n after_o alexanderâs_n death_n and_o several_a hundred_o of_o year_n before_o aemilius_z by_o this_o conquest_n bring_v 200_o million_o of_o sesterce_n into_o the_o treasure_n according_a to_o paterculus_n iv._o now_o the_o roman_a grandeur_n begin_v to_o display_v itself_o through_o all_o country_n and_o nation_n 586._o many_o king_n and_o potentate_n become_v humble_a suppliant_n to_o the_o senate_n be_v all_o at_o their_o disposal_n and_o learn_v now_o flourish_v much_o more_o than_o ever_o be_v much_o forward_v by_o the_o roman_n converse_v and_o familiarity_n with_o the_o grecian_n who_o they_o have_v late_o conquer_v and_o much_o encourage_v by_o scipio_n and_o laelius_n the_o two_o noble_a patron_n of_o eloquence_n poetry_n and_o all_o art_n and_o the_o worthy_a and_o most_o accomplish_a gentleman_n in_o rome_n the_o former_a of_o these_o be_v aemilius_n the_o consul_n son_n adopt_v by_o the_o son_n of_o africanus_n and_o the_o other_o be_v son_n to_o laelius_n who_o former_o do_v great_a service_n in_o africa_n in_o this_o time_n flourish_v the_o famous_a comedian_n terence_n who_o write_v with_o extraordinary_a correctness_n and_o accuracy_n and_o help_v to_o bring_v the_o roman_a tongue_n to_o a_o great_a perfection_n as_o to_o purity_n and_o propriety_n his_o first_o play_n be_v act_v one_o year_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o macedonia_n and_o perseus_n and_o not_o only_o the_o learning_n riches_n and_o dominion_n of_o rome_n be_v encreasâd_v but_o likewise_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o in_o a_o lustration_n about_o this_o time_n there_o were_v 312081_o free_a citizen_n cess_v for_o 17_o or_o 18_o year_n the_o roman_n be_v employ_v in_o more_o inferior_a war_n such_o as_o those_o with_o the_o ligurian_n corsican_o dalmatian_n and_o spaniard_n and_o likewise_o the_o macedenian_o be_v all_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o revolt_v which_o though_o they_o often_o create_v much_o trouble_n to_o the_o state_n 604._o yet_o they_o be_v not_o so_o memorable_a as_o to_o deserve_v a_o particular_a account_n in_o this_o volume_n these_o war_n be_v scarce_o finish_v when_o the_o roman_n find_v a_o pretence_n to_o begin_v the_o three_o carthaginian_a war_n which_o be_v their_o be_v in_o arm_n against_o masanissa_n a_o roman_a ally_n though_o they_o have_v sufficient_a justice_n on_o their_o side_n the_o roman_a ambassador_n who_o be_v send_v to_o carthage_n find_v the_o city_n very_o rich_a and_o flourish_a from_o their_o fifty_o year_n peace_n at_o their_o return_n insist_v much_o on_o the_o danger_n which_o threaten_v rome_n from_o that_o state_n especial_o cato_n who_o never_o come_v into_o the_o senate_n but_o after_o his_o speak_v to_o any_o public_a business_n conclude_v with_o delenda_fw-la est_fw-la carthago_n carthage_n be_v to_o be_v destroy_v he_o be_v often_o oppose_v by_o scipio_n nasica_n who_o urge_v that_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o so_o powerful_a a_o rival_n security_n will_v cause_v the_o ruin_n and_o dissolution_n of_o the_o roman_a commonwealth_n as_o it_o afterward_o prove_v but_o cato_n reason_n draw_v from_o the_o present_a danger_n so_o overrule_v scipio_n forecast_n that_o the_o senate_n now_o have_v a_o pretence_n of_o a_o open_a breach_n of_o article_n order_v war_n to_o be_v proclaim_v against_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o both_o the_o consul_n be_v send_v with_o a_o full_a resolution_n utter_o to_o destroy_v carthage_n the_o carthaginian_n affright_v at_o the_o roman_n preparation_n immediate_o condemn_v those_o who_o have_v break_v the_o league_n and_o most_o humble_o offer_v any_o reasonable_a satisfaction_n answer_n be_v return_v to_o they_o that_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v all_o as_o former_o provide_v they_o send_v 300_o hostage_n of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o city_n within_o 30_o day_n to_o sicily_n and_o do_v what_o the_o consul_n shall_v fârther_o command_v '_o they_o the_o carthaginians_n desire_v nothing_o more_o than_o
chamber_n to_o meditate_v of_o something_o to_o speak_v to_o the_o people_n the_o next_o day_n in_o the_o morning_n he_o be_v find_v dead_a in_o his_o bed_n not_o without_o suspicion_n of_o treachery_n from_o his_o wife_n and_o mother-in-law_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o be_v mother_n to_o the_o gracchi_n nevertheless_o be_v then_o in_o no_o favour_n with_o the_o people_n little_a enquiry_n be_v make_v after_o his_o death_n though_o he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o extraordinary_a merit_n and_o have_v be_v just_o esteem_v the_o bulwark_n of_o the_o state_n the_o owner_n of_o the_o land_n still_o make_v delay_n in_o the_o division_n and_o some_o believe_v that_o the_o partaker_n of_o the_o dividend_n shall_v likewise_o have_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o city_n which_o however_o like_v of_o by_o other_o be_v high_o displease_v to_o the_o senate_n while_o the_o people_n be_v various_o discourse_v of_o these_o matter_n caius_n obtain_v the_o tribune-ship_n and_o bear_v a_o great_a enmity_n to_o the_o senate_n he_o find_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n to_o show_v it_o he_o prefer_v several_a law_n among_o the_o rest_n one_o for_o divide_v the_o public_a corn_n to_o every_o man_n monthly_o in_o which_o law_n he_o shewid_v himself_o rather_o more_o stir_v and_o active_a and_o more_o dextrous_a than_o his_o brother_n then_o procure_v his_o office_n to_o be_v continue_v to_o he_o another_o year_n he_o begin_v more_o strict_o to_o inspect_v into_o the_o late_a corruption_n of_o the_o senate_n such_o as_o their_o take_a bribe_n their_o sell_v of_o office_n and_o such_o like_a unjust_a proceed_n whereupon_o he_o find_v mean_n to_o transferr_v the_o power_n of_o judge_v corrupt_a officer_n from_o the_o senator_n to_o the_o equites_fw-la or_o knight_n which_o give_v the_o latter_a a_o extraordinary_a authority_n and_o make_v a_o remarkable_a change_n and_o alteration_n in_o the_o whole_a government_n these_o equites_fw-la be_v first_o institute_v by_o romulus_n equites_fw-la and_o though_o they_o be_v original_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n yet_o they_o have_v no_o particular_a authority_n rank_n or_o order_n till_o this_o law_n of_o gracchus_n by_o which_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o these_o judgmentsâ_n shall_v be_v peculiar_a to_o they_o so_o that_o whereas_o at_o first_o there_o be_v only_o two_o order_n or_o rank_n namely_o patrician_n and_o plebeian_n which_o through_o the_o encroachment_n of_o the_o people_n be_v afterward_o distinguish_v only_o into_o senatorian_n and_o plebeian_n by_o this_o law_n and_o especial_o by_o the_o procurement_n of_o cicero_n afterward_o the_o equites_fw-la become_v a_o distinct_a order_n thus_o now_o the_o roman_a citizen_n consist_v of_o three_o rank_n or_o order_n namely_o the_o senatorian_n which_o include_v all_o the_o patritian_n and_o such_o of_o the_o plebeian_n as_o can_v rise_v to_o be_v senator_n the_o plebeian_n which_o still_o continue_v the_o same_o as_o former_o and_o the_o equestrian_a which_o before_o have_v always_o be_v include_v in_o the_o plebeian_n and_o have_v be_v only_o distinguish_v by_o their_o way_n of_o service_n gracchus_n take_v the_o fair_a opportunity_n that_o he_o can_v expect_v for_o prefer_v this_o law_n for_o the_o senator_n be_v become_v odious_a of_o late_a because_o for_o money_n they_o have_v acquit_v cotta_n salinator_n and_o aquilius_n person_n capital_o guilty_a of_o corruption_n but_o the_o great_a power_n of_o these_o equites_fw-la become_v extreme_o burdensome_a to_o the_o state_n till_o by_o degree_n their_o authority_n come_v to_o be_v diminish_v the_o equites_fw-la alone_o be_v wont_n to_o farm_n the_o public_a revenue_n and_o custom_n from_o the_o censor_n and_o from_o thence_o have_v the_o name_n of_o publican_n publican_n these_o be_v the_o principal_a of_o the_o equestrian_a order_n the_o ornament_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o state_n who_o make_v up_o so_o many_o company_n as_o there_o be_v province_n subject_a to_o the_o payment_n of_o toll_n tribute_n custom_n or_o impost_n caius_n grow_v more_o and_o more_o in_o favour_n with_o the_o commons_o and_o be_v invest_v with_o a_o large_a authority_n than_o ordinary_a which_o he_o manage_v with_o extraordinary_a prudence_n and_o cunning_a be_v a_o master_n of_o much_o eloquence_n and_o many_o other_o accomplishment_n and_o the_o more_o to_o gratify_v the_o commons_o he_o take_v special_a care_n about_o the_o highway_n make_v they_o extraordinary_a handsome_a and_o pleasant_a as_o well_o as_o useful_a and_o convenient_a erect_v likewise_o pillar_n of_o stone_n at_o the_o end_n of_o each_o mile_n to_o signify_v the_o distance_n from_o place_n to_o place_n for_o caius_n find_v the_o senator_n to_o be_v his_o enemy_n he_o endeavour_v still_o more_o to_o ingratiate_v himself_o with_o the_o people_n by_o other_o new_a law_n particular_o he_o propose_v that_o a_o colony_n of_o roman_a citizen_n may_v be_v send_v to_o the_o people_n of_o tarentum_n and_o that_o all_o the_o latin_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o same_o privilege_n with_o the_o citizen_n of_o rome_n but_o the_o senate_n dread_v the_o effect_n of_o caius_n power_n forbid_v the_o latin_n to_o come_v near_o the_o city_n at_o such_o time_n as_o they_o know_v his_o law_n will_v be_v propose_v and_o the_o better_a to_o satisfy_v and_o please_v the_o people_n they_o give_v leave_v to_o the_o send_n of_o 12_o colony_n caius_z thus_o frustrate_v of_o his_o design_n depart_v into_o africa_n with_o flaccus_n his_o colleague_n intend_v to_o plant_v a_o colony_n where_o carthage_n stand_v call_v it_o junonia_n but_o there_o he_o also_o meet_v with_o a_o disappointment_n the_o bind_v mark_n of_o the_o intend_a city_n be_v continual_o remove_v in_o the_o night_n time_n by_o wolf_n as_o some_o author_n relate_v it_o whereupon_o the_o augur_n and_o soothsayer_n pronounce_v the_o design_n unlawful_a caius_n have_v be_v twice_o tribune_n stand_v for_o it_o a_o three_o time_n and_o have_v many_o vote_n but_o his_o colleague_n offend_v at_o his_o violent_a carriage_n at_o this_o time_n procure_v minucius_n rufus_n to_o be_v choose_v into_o his_o place_n who_o begin_v to_o abrogate_v many_o of_o his_o law_n wherein_o he_o be_v second_v by_o opimius_n the_o consul_n who_o be_v a_o profess_a enemy_n to_o caius_n and_o endeavour_v to_o find_v some_o colourable_a pretence_n to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n whereupon_o caâus_o at_o the_o instigation_n of_o his_o friend_n especial_o fulvius_n resolve_v present_o to_o raise_v force_n and_o at_o a_o assembly_n in_o the_o capitol_n he_o and_o many_o of_o his_o friend_n go_v thither_o private_o arm_v it_o happen_v that_o one_o antilius_fw-la a_o sergeant_n come_v down_o from_o the_o capitol_n cryâd_v out_o to_o fulvius_n and_o his_o friend_n you_o factious_a citizen_n make_v way_n for_o honest_a man_n whereupon_o they_o immediate_o slay_v he_o this_o murder_n cause_v a_o great_a disturbance_n in_o the_o assembly_n and_o caius_n himself_o be_v very_o angry_a with_o those_o of_o his_o party_n for_o give_v his_o enemy_n so_o much_o advantage_n against_o he_o and_o endeavour_v to_o excuse_v himself_o but_o can_v not_o be_v hear_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o tumult_n so_o together_o with_o his_o friend_n and_o confederate_n he_o retire_v home_o the_o consul_n keep_v strict_a watch_n all_o night_n in_o the_o city_n the_o next_o day_n antilius_n corpse_n be_v bring_v upon_o a_o bier_n through_o the_o forum_n and_o expose_v to_o open_a view_n just_a before_o the_o senate_n house_n with_o design_n to_o stir_v up_o the_o people_n to_o a_o revenge_n the_o senate_n invest_v opimius_n with_o a_o extraordinary_a power_n and_o all_o the_o equites_fw-la be_v order_v to_o be_v in_o arm_n which_o force_v caius_n and_o all_o his_o friend_n to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o mount_n aventine_n where_o they_o fortify_v themselves_o offer_v liberty_n to_o all_o slave_n that_o shall_v come_v in_o to_o they_o the_o consul_n press_v hard_o upon_o caius_n and_o proclamation_n be_v make_v that_o whoever_o shall_v bring_v the_o head_n either_o of_o caius_n or_o fulvius_n shall_v receive_v their_o weight_n in_o gold_n for_o a_o reward_n caius_n find_v himself_o in_o no_o condition_n for_o a_o long_a defence_n in_o a_o short_a time_n flee_v into_o a_o grove_n beyond_o tiber_n and_o procure_v his_o servant_n to_o kill_v he_o who_o immediate_o after_o kill_v himself_o and_o fall_v down_o dead_a upon_o his_o master_n one_o septimuleius_n carry_v his_o head_n to_o opimius_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o to_o make_v it_o weigh_v the_o heavy_a he_o take_v out_o the_o brain_n and_o fill_v the_o skull_n with_o lead_n fulvius_n fly_v to_o a_o friend_n house_n be_v betray_v and_o slay_v and_o by_o the_o severity_n of_o opimius_n no_o less_o than_o 3000_o person_n of_o this_o party_n be_v put_v to_o death_n thus_o fall_v caius_n gracchus_n above_o 10_o year_n after_o his_o brother_n tiberius_n gracchus_n and_o fix_v after_o he_o begin_v to_o act_n much_o in_o
the_o commonwealth_n these_o gracchi_n have_v so_o far_o change_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o public_a peace_n be_v now_o so_o break_v particular_o by_o the_o disunion_n of_o patron_n and_o client_n that_o the_o roman_a state_n become_v very_o unsettled_a and_o more_o liable_a to_o any_o new_a revolution_n than_o ever_o and_o though_o reformation_n may_v be_v their_o design_n yet_o it_o may_v well_o be_v fear_v that_o ruin_n will_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o such_o disturbance_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n now_o so_o corrupt_v with_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o riches_n as_o well_o as_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o power_n caius_n death_n happen_v in_o the_o 631_o year_n of_o the_o city_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o the_o 164th_o olympiad_v 386_o year_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n 207_o since_o the_o set_n up_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n and_o 121_o before_o our_o saviour_n nativity_n chap._n xiii_o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o sedition_n of_o the_o gracchi_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o civil_a war_n in_o italy_n and_o to_o the_o perpetual_a dictatorship_n of_o sylla_n which_o be_v the_o second_o great_a step_n to_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n contain_v the_o space_n of_o 41_o year_n i._o the_o distemper_n and_o disturbance_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v for_o the_o present_a assuage_v by_o 631._o the_o death_n of_o caius_n gracchus_n and_o soon_o after_o a_o law_n be_v make_v that_o any_o one_o may_v sell_v his_o land_n which_o the_o senior_n gracchus_n have_v forbid_v by_o which_o mean_v the_o poor_a partly_o by_o purchase_n and_o partly_o by_o constraint_n be_v again_o dispossess_v after_o that_o the_o law_n for_o division_n of_o land_n be_v full_o abrogate_a by_o borcus_fw-la and_o the_o ground_n leave_v to_o their_o ancient_a owner_n with_o a_o proviso_n to_o pay_v a_o tribute_n to_o the_o people_n out_o of_o '_o they_o but_o not_o long_o after_o the_o tribute_n be_v likewise_o all_o take_v away_o and_o so_o nothing_o be_v leave_v remain_v for_o the_o poor_a during_o these_o domestic_a trouble_n the_o sardinian_o rebel_v and_o be_v reduce_v by_o aurelius_n and_o the_o fregellan_n be_v punish_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o city_n by_o opimius_n the_o praetor_n about_o which_o time_n africa_n be_v infect_v with_o a_o most_o prodigious_a plague_n destroy_v vast_a number_n of_o man_n cattle_n and_o fowl_n occasion_v by_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o locust_n which_o have_v overspread_v the_o ground_n and_o destroy_v the_o corn_n fruit_n and_o even_a tree_n themselves_o at_o length_n be_v drive_v by_o a_o wind_n into_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o there_o putrefying_a corrupt_a the_o air_n after_o a_o most_o wonderful_a manner_n two_o year_n after_o this_o metellus_z the_o consul_n subdue_v the_o island_n beleare_v near_o spain_n and_o restrain_v all_o the_o piracy_n which_o be_v there_o maintain_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v carry_v on_o that_o war_n call_v bellum_fw-la allobrogicum_fw-la 634._o the_o war_n with_o the_o allobroges_n a_o people_n inhabit_v about_o the_o country_n now_o call_v dauâhine_n and_o savoy_n this_o war_n be_v occasion_v first_o by_o the_o sally_n a_o people_n of_o gaul_n beyond_o the_o alps_o who_o invade_v the_o massilian_n ally_n of_o rome_n be_v chastise_v by_o fulvius_n and_o subdue_v by_o sextus_n calvinus_n teutomalus_fw-la their_o king_n fly_v out_o of_o the_o battle_n be_v receiuâd_v and_o protect_v by_o the_o allobroges_n who_o likewise_o invade_v the_o hedui_n ally_n also_o of_o rome_n and_o draw_v into_o confederacy_n the_o arverni_n the_o allobroges_n be_v first_o overthrow_v by_o domitius_n aenobarbus_n who_o kill_v 20000_o of_o they_o and_o take_v 3000_o prisoner_n which_o great_a victory_n be_v owe_v chief_o to_o his_o elephant_n after_o he_o fabius_n maximus_n grandson_n to_o paulus_n aemilius_n and_o adopt_v into_o the_o fabian_n family_n defeat_v they_o with_o the_o arverni_n and_o ruteni_n in_o a_o most_o bloody_a battle_n where_o 120000_o be_v report_v to_o be_v slay_v and_o moreover_o take_v one_o of_o their_o king_n prisoner_n he_o obtain_v the_o surname_n of_o allobrogicus_n about_o which_o time_n gallia_n narbonensis_n be_v reduce_v into_o a_o province_n in_o the_o year_n 636._o not_o long_o after_o the_o scordisci_n a_o people_n of_o gaulish_n original_a inhabit_v thrace_n defeat_v the_o roman_a army_n under_o cato_n the_o consul_n yet_o be_v afterward_o drive_v back_o into_o their_o own_o country_n by_o didius_n the_o praetor_n and_o the_o consul_n drusus_n and_o after_o this_o they_o give_v occasion_n of_o a_o glorious_a triumph_n to_o minutius_n of_o which_o honour_n metellus_n also_o have_v a_o share_n soon_o after_o these_o war_n in_o a_o lustration_n 394336_o free_a citizen_n be_v poll_v in_o rome_n which_o number_n be_v very_o little_a different_a from_o that_o in_o the_o lustrum_fw-la five_o year_n before_o ii_o rome_n have_v not_o very_o much_o action_n abroad_o for_o a_o while_n 643._o but_o in_o no_o long_a time_n begin_v a_o considerable_a war_n in_o numidia_n call_v the_o jugurthine_n war._n it_o be_v occasion_v by_o jugurth_n grandson_n to_o the_o famous_a masanissa_n the_o roman_n old_a friend_n who_o murder_v his_o cousin_n hiempsal_n to_o get_v his_o kingdom_n and_o attempt_v to_o do_v the_o same_o to_o his_o brother_n adherbal_n but_o he_o make_v his_o escape_n and_o flee_v to_o the_o roman_n for_o succour_n whereupon_o jugurth_n be_v sensible_a how_o much_o avarice_n and_o injustice_n have_v creep_v into_o the_o city_n he_o send_v his_o ambassador_n with_o large_a present_n to_o rome_n which_o have_v such_o effect_n upon_o the_o senate_n that_o they_o decree_v he_o half_o the_o kingdom_n and_o send_v ten_o commissioner_n to_o divide_v it_o between_o he_o and_o adherbal_n the_o commissioner_n think_v they_o may_v lawful_o imitate_v their_o master_n in_o the_o senate_n be_v also_o bribe_v to_o bestow_v the_o most_o rich_a and_o populous_a part_n upon_o jugurth_n but_o he_o still_o unsatisfy_a fall_v sudden_o upon_o adherbal_n besiege_v he_o in_o cirta_n and_o get_v he_o into_o his_o hand_n likewise_o murder_v he_o for_o this_o war_n be_v decree_v against_o jugurth_n and_o commit_v to_o the_o management_n of_o calpurnius_n bestia_n the_o consul_n who_o short_o after_o invade_v numidia_n with_o great_a vigour_n and_o diligence_n and_o take_v in_o some_o town_n but_o he_o be_v soon_o stop_v in_o his_o career_n be_v overcome_v by_o the_o golden_a weapon_n of_o jugurth_n so_o that_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n be_v soon_o set_v on_o foot_n the_o senate_n be_v a_o little_a mouâd_v at_o this_o and_o at_o the_o power_n of_o scaurus_n who_o accompany_v the_o consul_n as_o his_o friend_n and_o counsellor_n be_v likewise_o guilty_a of_o the_o same_o crime_n and_o therefore_o the_o people_n get_v cassius_n longinus_n the_o praetor_n to_o go_v and_o procure_v jugurth_n to_o come_v to_o rome_n upon_o the_o public_a faith_n of_o the_o state_n that_o by_o that_o mean_v they_o may_v discover_v all_o such_o as_o have_v be_v guilty_a of_o bribery_n cessius_fw-la with_o no_o great_a difficulty_n persuade_v jugurtha_n to_o make_v trial_n of_o the_o clemency_n of_o rome_n and_o to_o throw_v himself_o upon_o the_o people_n mercy_n whereupon_o he_o come_v to_o rome_n in_o a_o pitiful_a and_o mourn_a habit._n but_o come_v into_o the_o assembly_n baebius_n the_o tribune_n bid_v he_o hold_v his_o peace_n he_o be_v also_o bribe_v to_o defer_v the_o business_n and_o delude_v the_o people_n at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v one_o massiva_n in_o rome_n iugurth_n cousin-germain_n who_o have_v flee_v from_o africa_n former_o this_o person_n be_v persuade_v by_o albinus_n the_o consul_n to_o beg_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o senate_n but_o jugurth_n have_v some_o intelligence_n of_o the_o design_n procure_v he_o to_o be_v assassinate_v and_o convey_v the_o murderer_n away_o to_o numidia_n hereupon_o within_o a_o few_o day_n he_o be_v command_v to_o be_v go_v and_o be_v out_o of_o the_o city_n he_o look_v upon_o it_o with_o his_o hand_n lift_v up_o crying_z o_o rome_n that_o will_v be_v sell_v thyself_o be_v there_o but_o a_o chapman_n for_o thou_o so_o extreme_o be_v the_o inhabitant_n degenerate_v from_o their_o former_a fidelity_n modesty_n and_o abstinence_n which_o afterward_o bring_v upon_o they_o the_o great_a misery_n that_o ever_o befall_v any_o state_n albinus_n follow_v he_o with_o a_o army_n which_o after_o he_o himself_o have_v be_v sometime_o there_o he_o leave_v with_o his_o brother_n aulus_n who_o in_o the_o consul_n absence_n by_o virtue_n of_o some_o compact_n withdraw_v from_o suthul_n where_o the_o chief_a treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n lie_v when_o he_o be_v just_a upon_o invest_v it_o the_o centurion_n be_v likewise_o so_o corrupt_v that_o when_o albinus_n return_v jugurth_n be_v suffer_v to_o break_v into_o the_o camp_n whence_o beat_v out_o
the_o army_n he_o either_o force_v or_o by_o former_a agreement_n bring_v albinus_n to_o submit_v upon_o most_o dishonourable_a term_n in_o this_o condition_n do_v metellus_n the_o follow_a consul_n find_v affair_n and_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v almost_o ruin_v for_o want_n of_o discipline_n to_o the_o great_a dishonour_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n and_o the_o grievous_a vexation_n of_o the_o honest_a sort_n in_o the_o city_n metellus_n have_v with_o much_o difficulty_n bring_v his_o soldier_n into_o good_a order_n within_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n overthrow_v jugurth_n several_a time_n force_v he_o out_o of_o several_a town_n and_o pursue_v he_o beyond_o her_o own_o frontier_n which_o constrain_v he_o to_o submit_v and_o beg_v peace_n but_o he_o in_o a_o short_a time_n break_v the_o condition_n of_o it_o and_o so_o the_o former_a hostility_n return_v at_o this_o time_n one_o c._n marius_n be_v legatus_fw-la or_o lieutenant_n to_o mâtellus_n a_o person_n of_o frugality_n policy_n and_o military_a experience_n and_o of_o vast_a courage_n in_o war_n a_o contemner_n of_o pleasure_n but_o very_o ambitious_a of_o honour_n which_o make_v he_o extreme_o desirous_a to_o gain_v the_o consulship_n to_o obtain_v this_o he_o private_o blame_v metellus_n to_o the_o merchant_n of_o utica_n avow_v that_o he_o be_v able_a with_o half_a the_o army_n to_o take_v jugurth_n prisoner_n and_o that_o within_o few_o day_n by_o these_o and_o the_o like_a detract_n discourse_n he_o procure_v many_o complaint_n to_o be_v write_v to_o rome_n against_o metellus_n and_o get_v leave_n to_o go_v thither_o obtain_v the_o consulship_n and_o have_v likewise_o the_o management_n of_o the_o war_n commit_v to_o he_o notwithstanding_o the_o people_n be_v so_o grateful_a to_o metellus_n that_o at_o his_o return_n be_v satisfy_v as_o to_o his_o behaviour_n they_o both_o grant_v he_o a_o triumph_n and_o bestow_v upon_o he_o the_o surname_n of_o numidicus_n as_o a_o additional_a honour_n marius_n show_v himself_o a_o very_a expert_a warrior_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n take_v the_o city_n capsa_n a_o place_n very_o rich_a and_o strong_a and_o after_o this_o another_o call_v mulucha_n `fugurth_o now_o find_v himself_o too_o weak_a to_o oppose_v he_o any_o long_o procure_v bocchus_n king_n of_o mauritania_n and_o his_o father-in-law_n to_o join_v with_o he_o who_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o numerous_a cavalry_n much_o harass_v the_o roman_a army_n marius_n have_v invest_v cirta_n and_o bocchus_n approach_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n partly_o by_o the_o number_n of_o his_o horse_n report_v to_o be_v 60000_o and_o partly_o by_o the_o violent_a heat_n and_o great_a dust_n the_o roman_n be_v sore_o distress_a and_o the_o fight_n continue_v dangerous_a and_o terrible_a to_o they_o for_o three_o day_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o a_o tempest_n of_o rain_n fall_v spoil_v the_o enemy_n weapon_n and_o relieuâd_v marius_n man_n almost_o famish_a with_o thirst_n and_o now_o the_o course_n of_o fortune_n change_v the_o two_o king_n be_v entire_o defeat_v in_o another_o battle_n marius_n it_o be_v say_v kill_v 90000_o after_o which_o bocchus_n begin_v to_o repent_v of_o his_o enterprise_n and_o send_v to_o rome_n to_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n which_o he_o can_v not_o procure_v nevertheless_o he_o obtain_v pardon_n for_o his_o crime_n not_o long_o after_o marius_n take_v jugurth_n in_o a_o ambuscade_n whither_o he_o have_v draw_v he_o by_o specious_a pretence_n and_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o sylla_n his_o quaestor_n who_o have_v bring_v over_o some_o force_n from_o italy_n and_o under_o marius_n he_o learn_v that_o skill_n in_o war_n which_o he_o afterward_o employ_v against_o he_o jugurth_n with_o his_o two_o son_n be_v lead_v in_o triumph_n by_o marius_n and_o short_o after_o by_o order_n of_o senate_n he_o be_v put_v to_o death_n and_o so_o the_o jugurthine_n war_n end_v after_o it_o have_v continue_v about_o seven_o year_n iii_o at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o war_n be_v carry_v on_o against_o the_o cimbri_n a_o vagabond_n people_n of_o cimbrica_n chersonesus_n now_o call_v denmark_n who_o join_v with_o the_o teutones_n a_o nation_n of_o the_o german_n make_v dreadful_a eruption_n into_o several_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a dominion_n particular_o gaul_n and_o spain_n where_o they_o have_v overthrow_v several_a consul_n in_o the_o last_o battle_n kill_v 80000_o roman_n after_o which_o they_o resolve_v to_o pass_v the_o alps_o into_o italy_n rome_n begin_v now_o to_o be_v in_o a_o great_a consternation_n and_o marius_n have_v just_a vanquish_a jugurtha_n 650._o they_o make_v he_o consul_n a_o âd_a time_n as_o the_o only_a man_n think_v able_a to_o manage_n so_o threaten_v a_o war_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o state_n while_o they_o continue_v in_o spain_n marius_n march_v against_o their_o friend_n the_o tolosan_n in_o gaul_n where_o king_n copilus_fw-la be_v take_v by_o sylla_n his_o lieutenant_n be_v make_v consul_n again_o the_o follow_a year_n he_o decline_v fight_v till_o the_o enemy_n force_n be_v weaken_v by_o delay_n the_o next_o year_n in_o his_o four_o consulship_n the_o enemy_n in_o three_o several_a party_n be_v just_a upon_o pass_v the_o alps_o into_o italy_n and_o as_o he_o attend_v their_o motion_n it_o happen_v that_o his_o army_n be_v extreme_o afflict_v with_o thirst_n the_o teutones_n and_o ambrones_n lie_v between_o they_o and_o the_o water_n which_o necessity_n bring_v he_o to_o a_o engagement_n with_o they_o and_o in_o two_o day_n time_n he_o by_o his_o excellent_a conduct_n utter_o destroy_v they_o take_v theutobocchus_n their_o king_n prisoner_n the_o cimbri_n escape_v he_o and_o flee_v over_o into_o italy_n notwithstanding_o the_o winter-season_n and_o the_o alps_o cover_v with_o snow_n be_v in_o vain_a oppose_v by_o catulus_n both_o at_o the_o alps_o and_o at_o the_o river_n athesis_n nigh_o verona_n the_o year_n follow_v marius_n be_v again_o make_v consul_n and_o join_v with_o catulus_n be_v challenge_v by_o the_o enemy_n to_o give_v battle_n whereupon_o he_o fall_v upon_o their_o numerous_a army_n and_o give_v they_o a_o most_o dreadful_a overthrow_n their_o wife_n all_o the_o while_n make_v a_o wonderful_a resistance_n from_o the_o chariot_n and_o when_o they_o see_v all_o thing_n in_o a_o desperate_a condition_n they_o in_o a_o great_a fury_n first_o kill_v all_o their_o child_n and_o after_o that_o themselves_o about_o 140000_o be_v slay_v in_o this_o battle_n and_o 60000_o take_v prisoner_n which_o end_v this_o war_n after_o it_o have_v continue_v 12_o year_n marius_n the_o five_o time_n and_o aquilius_n nepos_n be_v consul_n the_o former_a be_v then_o esteem_v the_o preserver_n of_o his_o country_n and_o content_v himself_o with_o one_o triumph_n when_o he_o may_v have_v have_v more_o and_o his_o colleague_n have_v now_o also_o finish_v the_o second_o servile_a war_n in_o sicily_n which_o have_v last_v almost_o four_o year_n notwithstanding_o these_o danger_n abroad_o the_o city_n be_v not_o without_o domestic_a trouble_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o saturninus_n one_o of_o marius_n friend_n who_o have_v be_v quaestor_n at_o ostia_n during_o a_o famine_n be_v turn_v out_o of_o his_o place_n by_o the_o senate_n to_o revenge_v which_o usage_n he_o procure_v the_o tribune-ship_n but_o after_o his_o year_n be_v expire_v metellus_n numidicus_n former_o mention_v be_v censor_n endeavour_v to_o remove_v he_o from_o the_o senate_n but_o be_v hinder_v by_o his_o colleague_n this_o so_o enrage_v he_o that_o he_o stand_v again_o for_o the_o tribunâ-ship_n and_o nine_o of_o the_o ten_o tribune_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o marius_n he_o murder_v nonius_n his_o competitor_n and_o so_o obtain_v the_o place_n now_o be_v once_o again_o in_o power_n he_o prefer_v a_o law_n for_o the_o division_n of_o such_o land_n as_o marius_n have_v recover_v in_o gaul_n and_o compel_v the_o senate_n to_o swear_v to_o it_o which_o oath_n numidicus_n refuse_v he_o set_v he_o a_o day_n to_o answer_v it_o before_o the_o people_n but_o for_o fear_n of_o he_o and_o marius_n together_o numidicus_n flee_v to_o smyrna_n in_o asia_n saturninus_z procure_v the_o tribuneship_n a_o three_o time_n and_o find_v memmius_n candidate_n for_o the_o consulship_n he_o also_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v murder_v to_o make_v way_n for_o glaucius_n the_o praetor_n one_o of_o his_o own_o party_n these_o base_a and_o ungenerous_a practice_n raise_v several_a trouble_n and_o commotion_n in_o the_o city_n and_o the_o senate_n resoluâd_v to_o make_v he_o answer_v it_o whereupon_o marius_n now_o a_o six_o time_n consul_n perceive_v he_o in_o a_o decline_a condition_n very_o politic_o withdraw_v himself_o from_o his_o friendship_n the_o consul_n be_v now_o as_o in_o some_o other_o dangerous_a time_n invest_v with_o a_o unusual_a and_o dictatorian_a sort_n of_o power_n the_o manner_n of_o confer_v of_o which_o be_v by_o a_o
vote_n of_o the_o senate_n in_o these_o or_o the_o like_a word_n videant_fw-la consules_a ne_fw-la quid_fw-la detrimenti_fw-la respublicâ_n accipiat_fw-la marius_n therefore_o with_o his_o colleague_n set_v upon_o saturninus_n in_o the_o public_a assembly_n and_o force_v he_o and_o his_o follower_n into_o the_o capitol_n where_o for_o want_v of_o water_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o yield_v after_o marius_n have_v give_v they_o his_o faith_n for_o their_o safety_n saturninus_z and_o glaucius_n much_o rely_v upon_o marius_n not_o scruple_v to_o give_v out_o 654._o that_o they_o be_v but_o the_o actor_n and_o instrument_n of_o his_o design_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o security_n they_o be_v all_o cut_n in_o piece_n by_o the_o equites_fw-la in_o the_o foârum_n who_o break_v in_o among_o they_o and_o numidicus_n especial_o by_o his_o son_n industry_n be_v recall_v with_o the_o general_n applause_n of_o the_o people_n the_o war_n abroad_o and_o the_o dissension_n and_o corâuptions_n at_o home_n do_v not_o hinder_v learning_n for_o that_o âtill_o flourish_v more_o than_o ever_o and_o poetry_n be_v come_v almost_o to_o its_o high_a pitch_n in_o rome_n for_o a_o little_a before_o âhis_n flourish_v the_o famous_a lucretius_n a_o admirable_a poât_n in_o his_o kind_n and_o in_o many_o particular_n scarce_o inferior_a to_o virgil._n now_o for_o the_o space_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o year_n there_o be_v no_o great_a action_n abroad_o nor_o any_o oâen_a sedition_n at_o home_n but_o however_o there_o be_v great_a dissatisfaction_n among_o those_o of_o the_o senatorian_a order_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o power_n of_o judicature_n give_v to_o the_o equites_fw-la by_o c._n gracchus_n law_n which_o prove_v a_o extraordinary_a grievance_n to_o âem_v the_o commonwealth_n too_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v the_o publican_n who_o farmed_a the_o public_a revenue_n be_v as_o they_o be_v equites_fw-la both_o judge_n and_o party_n upon_o these_o account_n drusus_n the_o tribune_n a_o very_a eminent_a and_o well-designing_a person_n endeavour_v to_o restore_v the_o father_n to_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o authority_n and_o yet_o not_o offend_v the_o equites_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o senate_n be_v now_o reduce_v to_o a_o small_a number_n he_o prefer_v a_o law_n that_o as_o many_o equites_fw-la shall_v be_v add_v to_o they_o and_o that_o the_o power_n of_o judicature_n shall_v be_v commit_v equal_o to_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v then_o of_o this_o body_n this_o give_v great_a offence_n to_o both_o party_n and_o caepio_n also_o one_o of_o drusuâ's_n colleague_n oppose_v he_o and_o come_v into_o the_o senate_n there_o accuse_v some_o of_o the_o high_a rank_n of_o illegal_a endeavour_n to_o gain_v office_n drusus_n to_o withstand_v his_o design_n again_o propose_v the_o agrarian_a law_n and_o that_o the_o ally_n and_o confederate_n of_o italy_n the_o present_a possessor_n may_v take_v it_o amiss_o he_o give_v they_o hope_n of_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o city_n a_o great_a concourse_n of_o stranger_n be_v occasion_v upon_o this_o account_n and_o as_o great_a a_o contention_n raise_v where_o philippus_n the_o consul_n for_o oppose_v the_o law_n for_o divide_v the_o land_n be_v disgraceful_o buffet_v by_o one_o of_o the_o stranger_n and_o violent_a disturbance_n follow_v drusus_n disappoint_v in_o this_o particular_a still_o endeavour_v to_o perform_v his_o promise_n to_o the_o italian_n but_o go_v home_o accompany_v with_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o people_n he_o be_v stab_v in_o the_o court_n of_o his_o own_o house_n have_v breath_n enough_o to_o say_v that_o the_o commonwealth_n can_v never_o find_v a_o person_n more_o true_a to_o her_o interest_n than_o he_o iv._o these_o trouble_n do_v not_o end_v with_o drusus_n death_n 663._o for_o soon_o after_o a_o very_a dangerous_a war_n break_v out_o upon_o this_o account_n with_o most_o of_o the_o italian_n call_v the_o social_n or_o italian_a war._n these_o people_n have_v for_o some_o time_n take_v it_o very_o heinous_o that_o they_o be_v deny_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o city_n which_o have_v be_v partly_o promise_v they_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o gracchi_n but_o now_o drusus_n death_n who_o have_v very_o much_o heighten_v their_o expectation_n enrage_v they_o more_o than_o eveâ_n especial_o when_o the_o equites_fw-la immediate_o after_o have_v by-force_n of_o arm_n procure_v a_o law_n for_o banish_v all_o the_o great_a person_n who_o be_v not_o for_o their_o interest_n the_o italian_n also_o think_v that_o they_o have_v sufficient_a reason_n to_o expect_v this_o privilege_n from_o that_o city_n who_o subsistance_n and_o empire_n have_v be_v so_o much_o maintain_v by_o their_o valour_n they_o common_o send_v out_o double_a the_o number_n of_o troop_n to_o those_o of_o rome_n upon_o these_o ground_n they_o resolve_v to_o procure_v that_o by_o force_n and_o violence_n which_o can_v not_o be_v obtain_v by_o entreaty_n and_o civil_a mean_n and_o thereupon_o they_o join_v together_o in_o a_o close_a confederacy_n and_o private_o send_v message_n and_o hostage_n to_o each_o other_o namely_o the_o lucanian_o apulian_o marsi_n peligni_n with_o many_o other_o and_o especial_o the_o old_a enemy_n of_o rome_n the_o samnite_n who_o make_v their_o preparation_n with_o equal_a diligence_n and_o secrecy_n these_o private_a transaction_n be_v discover_v at_o rome_n though_o late_a enough_o spy_n be_v immediate_o send_v out_o into_o all_o quarter_n to_o make_v what_o further_a discovery_n they_o can_v one_o of_o which_o happen_v to_o see_v a_o young_a man_n of_o asculum_n carryâd_v into_o another_o city_n for_o a_o hostage_n thereupon_o acquaint_v servilius_n the_o proconsul_n who_o go_v to_o asculum_n and_o reprimand_v the_o citizen_n of_o that_o place_n be_v set_v upon_o and_o slay_v together_o with_o all_o the_o roman_n their_o design_n be_v now_o whole_o discover_v for_o their_o great_a security_n they_o all_o break_v out_o into_o open_a rebellion_n however_o first_o they_o think_v it_o most_o convenient_a to_o send_v to_o rome_n to_o complain_v but_o their_o messenger_n can_v not_o be_v admit_v without_o satisfaction_n and_o repentance_n for_o what_o they_o have_v already_o do_v whereupon_o the_o war_n be_v commit_v to_o both_o the_o consul_n together_o with_o mariâs_n and_o sylla_n and_o several_a othersâ_n there_o be_v who_o have_v pro-consular_a authority_n the_o force_n on_o either_o side_n amount_v to_o about_o 100_o 000_o fight_n men._n the_o war_n be_v very_o dangerous_a and_o destructive_a and_o râtilius_n the_o consul_n in_o a_o short_a time_n lose_v his_o life_n fall_v into_o a_o ambuscade_n lay_v by_o the_o marsi_n and_o the_o roman_n receive_v many_o terrible_a blow_n so_o that_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o list_n many_o who_o have_v be_v slave_n the_o body_n of_o the_o consul_n and_o several_a other_o be_v carryâd_v into_o the_o city_n so_o discourage_v the_o people_n that_o the_o senate_n make_v a_o decree_n that_o henceforward_o the_o body_n of_o the_o slay_v shall_v be_v bury_v where_o they_o die_v which_o as_o a_o prudent_a example_n be_v likewise_o follow_v by_o the_o enemy_n after_o the_o death_n of_o rutilius_n his_o army_n be_v commit_v to_o marius_n his_o lieutenant_n and_o capio_fw-la who_o act_v in_o conjunction_n with_o he_o caepio_n be_v slay_v not_o long_o after_o in_o a_o ambuscade_n lay_v by_o popedius_n one_o of_o the_o italian_a general_n so_o marius_n have_v his_o desire_n of_o command_v alone_o and_o do_v excellent_a service_n as_o likewise_o do_v sylla_n the_o same_o year_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n pompeius_n strabo_n father_n to_o pompey_n the_o great_a and_o porcius_n cato_n be_v make_v consul_n and_o now_o the_o senate_n think_v fit_a to_o give_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o city_n to_o such_o of_o the_o italian_n as_o have_v not_o revolt_a which_o much_o establish_v those_o who_o be_v somewhat_o waver_v in_o their_o mind_n and_o abate_v the_o courage_n of_o the_o other_o already_o engage_v yet_o these_o be_v not_o choose_v into_o any_o of_o the_o 35_o triben_fw-ge but_o be_v placâd_v by_o themselves_o behind_o all_o so_o that_o in_o vote_v they_o can_v not_o hinder_v the_o rest_n which_o afterward_o cause_v some_o disturbance_n cato_n the_o consul_n do_v very_o good_a service_n this_o campaign_n which_o swell_v he_o with_o such_o a_o opinion_n of_o himself_o that_o he_o boast_v himself_o equal_a to_o marius_n for_o which_o he_o be_v slay_v by_o marius_n son_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o battle_n against_o the_o marsi_n his_o colleague_n pompey_n overthrow_v the_o picentes_n and_o asculani_fw-la and_o have_v long_o besiege_a asculum_n he_o defeat_v the_o enemy_n which_o sally_v out_o upon_o he_o he_o likewise_o kill_v 18000_o of_o the_o mârsi_n take_v 3000_o prisoner_n and_o at_o last_o possess_v himself_o of_o asculum_n he_o cause_v all_o the_o officer_n and_o principal_a man_n in_o the_o city_n to_o be_v first_o scourge_v and_o then_o behead_v sylla_n
also_o perform_v many_o great_a action_n overthrow_v the_o samnite_n and_o storm_a two_o of_o their_o camp_n which_o success_n so_o elevate_v he_o that_o he_o immediate_o stand_v for_o the_o consulship_n and_o obtain_v it_o have_v the_o honour_n likewise_o of_o finish_v this_o dangerous_a war_n nigh_o three_o year_n after_o it_o be_v begin_v a_o war_n so_o destructive_a that_o it_o consume_v above_o â00000_n of_o the_o youth_n of_o italy_n according_a to_o paterculus_n this_o war_n be_v end_v with_o a_o disturbance_n in_o the_o city_n about_o usury_n and_o the_o unexpected_a privilege_n of_o the_o conquer_a italian_n who_o have_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o city_n give_v they_o just_a as_o the_o other_o have_v a_o short_a time_n before_o and_o so_o all_o thing_n be_v happy_o quiet_v v._o but_o quiet_a and_o peace_n be_v too_o great_a a_o happiness_n for_o rome_n at_o this_o time_n 666._o for_o the_o social_n war_n be_v scarce_o finish_v when_o two_o other_o break_v out_o one_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o other_o this_o first_o be_v with_o mithridates_n king_n of_o pontus_n in_o asia_n minor_n a_o prince_n famous_a for_o his_o knowledge_n and_o learning_n mighty_a in_o riches_n and_o power_n of_o a_o boundless_a ambition_n and_o a_o former_a of_o vast_a design_n this_o king_n by_o several_a action_n have_v gain_v the_o enmity_n of_o ronie_n particular_o by_o procure_v tigranes_n king_n of_o armenia_n to_o declare_v against_o the_o roman_a state_n and_o by_o his_o overrun_v his_o neighbour_n the_o bithynian_o phrygian_n mysias_n lycian_n pamphylian_o and_o other_o ally_n of_o rome_n and_o which_o be_v more_o provoke_v than_o all_o the_o rest_n he_o have_v take_v q._n opius_n and_o aquilius_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o he_o kill_v by_o pour_v melt_v gold_n down_o his_o throat_n continual_o upbraid_v the_o roman_n with_o avarice_n and_o corruption_n upon_o all_o these_o account_n the_o roman_n proclaim_v war_n against_o he_o and_o sylla_n and_o pompeius_n rufus_n be_v consul_n it_o fall_v to_o the_o former_n share_n to_o undertake_v it_o but_o sylla_n have_v not_o yet_o quite_o finish_v the_o social_n war_n marius_n stir_v by_o the_o desire_n either_o of_o profit_n or_o of_o honour_n persuade_v sulpicius_n tribune_n of_o the_o people_n of_o prefer_v a_o law_n for_o transfer_v the_o management_n of_o this_o war_n from_o sylla_n to_o he_o he_o make_v what_o party_n he_o can_v and_o draw_v the_o people_n of_o italy_n to_o his_o side_n who_o have_v late_o be_v make_v free_a of_o the_o city_n by_o promise_v they_o equal_a privilege_n with_o those_o in_o the_o 35_o tribe_n which_o as_o yet_o they_o want_v so_o that_o matter_n be_v carry_v on_o with_o violent_a heat_n and_o contention_n and_o pompey_n son_n and_o son-in-law_n to_o sylla_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o tumult_n and_o disturbance_n sylla_n hear_v of_o these_o dangerous_a commotion_n hasten_v to_o the_o city_n easy_o persuade_v his_o army_n to_o stand_v by_o he_o in_o all_o exigency_n for_o they_o be_v very_o unwilling_a to_o have_v any_o other_o go_v on_o that_o expedition_n from_o which_o they_o promise_v themselves_o such_o great_a advantage_n his_o colleague_n pompey_n join_v with_o he_o and_o though_o marius_n and_o sulpicius_n the_o tribune_n make_v all_o possible_a opposition_n yet_o after_o some_o difficulty_n and_o bloodshed_n they_o enter_v d_o the_o city_n and_o marius_n with_o his_o accomplice_n be_v force_v to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n and_o thus_o begin_v the_o other_o war_n which_o be_v the_o first_o civil_a war_n of_o any_o note_n among_o the_o roman_n as_o the_o trouble_n of_o the_o gracchi_n be_v the_o first_o in_o which_o there_o have_v be_v any_o bloodshed_n of_o note_n sylla_n do_v no_o injury_n to_o the_o citizen_n in_o general_n but_o reverse_v all_o that_o sulpicius_n have_v do_v regulate_v the_o senate_n procure_v marius_n sulpicius_n and_o ten_o other_o lead_v man_n to_o be_v declare_v open_a enemy_n to_o their_o country_n make_v it_o lawful_a for_o any_o person_n to_o kill_v they_o and_o set_v their_o good_n to_o public_a sale_n short_o after_o this_o he_o depart_v upon_o his_o expedition_n against_o mithridates_n who_o now_o have_v very_o much_o extend_v his_o conquest_n even_o to_o the_o subdue_a a_o great_a part_n of_o greece_n itself_o sulpicius_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n take_v and_o put_v to_o death_n but_o marius_n hide_v himself_o in_o the_o fen_n of_o minturnum_n where_o be_v discover_v a_o gaul_n be_v send_v to_o kill_v he_o but_o he_o be_v so_o dash_v and_o amaze_v at_o the_o nobleness_n of_o his_o presence_n that_o he_o can_v not_o perform_v his_o order_n so_o that_o marius_n be_v convey_v out_o of_o that_o place_n escape_v into_o africa_n where_o he_o be_v join_v by_o cethegus_n and_o other_o who_o have_v flee_v into_o numidia_n expect_v a_o convenient_a opportunity_n to_o invade_v their_o own_o country_n pompeius_n rufus_n the_o consul_n to_o secure_a italy_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n appoint_v to_o receive_v and_o command_v the_o army_n of_o pompeius_n strabo_n who_o have_v do_v great_a service_n in_o the_o social_n war_n and_o have_v so_o far_o gain_v the_o affection_n of_o his_o man_n that_o they_o find_v they_o be_v like_a to_o part_v with_o their_o old_a general_n stand_v up_o and_o slay_v the_o counsul_n himself_o so_o that_o now_o there_o be_v great_a danger_n and_o disturbance_n in_o all_o part_n cornelius_z cinna_z and_o c._n octavius_n be_v make_v consul_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n cinna_n corrupt_v as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n immediate_o declare_v himself_o for_o the_o new_a citizen_n and_o recall_v d_o marius_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o exile_n which_o action_n be_v so_o violent_o oppose_v by_o his_o colleague_n octavius_n that_o cinna_n be_v by_o force_n drive_v from_o the_o city_n and_o merula_n put_v in_o his_o place_n cinna_n upon_o this_o go_v about_o to_o the_o italian_a people_n by_o give_v they_o fresh_a hope_n of_o equal_a privilege_n with_o the_o roman_n and_o pretend_v that_o all_o his_o trouble_n and_o suffering_n be_v pure_o for_o their_o sake_n obtain_v great_a sum_n of_o money_n marius_n also_o come_v over_o to_o he_o short_o they_o together_o raise_v a_o considerable_a army_n and_o cinna_n march_v direct_o to_o rome_n and_o sit_v down_o before_o it_o to_o the_o great_a surprise_n and_o terror_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n marius_n at_o the_o same_o time_n march_v against_o ostia_n and_o take_v it_o by_o force_n but_o cinna_n before_o rome_n find_v he_o be_v not_o like_a to_o carry_v the_o place_n break_v up_o the_o siege_n and_o invest_v ariminum_n which_o he_o soon_o after_o storm_v marius_n after_o the_o take_n of_o ãâã_d advance_v with_o his_o whole_a army_n and_o posâed_v himself_o upon_o the_o hill_n janiculum_n join_v to_o rome_n which_o again_o put_v the_o inhabitant_n into_o a_o great_a consternation_n especial_o for_o that_o he_o be_v soon_o after_o join_v by_o cinna_n the_o consul_n find_v they_o can_v not_o recall_v sylla_n from_o country_n so_o far_o distant_a send_v to_o metellus_n then_o lie_v with_o a_o army_n in_o samnium_n but_o he_o differ_v with_o they_o about_o some_o condition_n short_o after_o join_v himself_o with_o marius_n at_o which_o time_n the_o city_n be_v nigh_o be_v betray_v by_o ap._n claudius_n a_o tribune_n of_o the_o army_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o command_n of_o the_o janiculum_n but_o though_o he_o and_o cinna_n break_v in_o they_o be_v repel_v by_o octavius_n and_o pompeius_n strabo_n the_o proconsul_n who_o be_v short_o after_o kill_v with_o a_o thunderbolt_n marius_n after_o this_o take_v in_o several_a town_n about_o rome_n where_o provision_n lie_v and_o cinna_z by_o the_o fair_a promise_n of_o liberty_n draw_v great_a number_n of_o slave_n out_o of_o the_o city_n which_o the_o senate_n perceive_v dispatch_v ambassador_n to_o cinna_n and_o marius_n desire_v they_o to_o come_v into_o the_o city_n peaceable_o and_o spare_v their_o own_o countryman_n cinna_n refuse_v to_o admit_v of_o any_o address_v make_v to_o he_o as_o a_o private_a man_n so_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o treat_v with_o he_o as_o consul_n and_o desire_v he_o to_o swear_v that_o he_o will_v shed_v no_o blood_n oinna_n absolute_o refuse_v to_o take_v such_o a_o oath_n but_o promise_v that_o know_o and_o willing_o he_o will_v not_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o any_o man_n death_n marius_n stand_v by_o he_o and_o say_v nothing_o but_o give_v sufficient_a testimony_n by_o the_o sourness_n of_o his_o countenance_n and_o the_o sternness_n of_o his_o look_n that_o he_o will_v short_o fill_v the_o city_n with_o massacre_n but_o the_o better_a to_o dissemble_v his_o rage_n he_o at_o last_o break_v silence_n tell_v the_o ambassador_n that_o he_o be_v then_o in_o exile_n and_o banish_v his_o country_n by_o course_n of_o law_n that_o
all_o possible_a way_n and_o method_n to_o procure_v force_n and_o thus_o be_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o summer_n spend_v in_o which_o time_n the_o capitol_n be_v burn_v down_o none_o know_v by_o what_o mean_v it_o be_v do_v this_o happen_v about_o 430_o year_n after_o it_o be_v first_o build_v the_o follow_a year_n carbo_n a_o three_o time_n and_o young_a marius_n the_o son_n of_o the_o former_a be_v make_v consul_n the_o latter_a at_o 27_o year_n of_o age._n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o campaign_n carbo_n lieutenant_n carinus_n be_v overthrow_v by_o metellus_n and_o marius_n himself_o by_o sylla_n marius_n be_v drive_v into_o praeneste_n where_o be_v close_o besiege_v and_o almost_o despair_v of_o relief_n he_o in_o a_o great_a rage_n write_v to_o brutus_n than_o praetor_n at_o rome_n to_o use_v some_o pretence_n to_o call_v the_o senate_n and_o then_o to_o kill_v the_o principal_a of_o they_o who_o be_v his_o enemy_n which_o order_n be_v execute_v with_o great_a cruelty_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o side_n be_v conqueror_n rome_n be_v still_o a_o miserable_a sufferer_n metellus_n have_v by_o this_o time_n overthrow_v carbo_n once_o more_o and_o pompey_n defeat_v marcius_n another_o of_o that_o party_n sylla_n march_v direct_o to_o rome_n which_o place_v he_o easy_o enter_v great_a number_n of_o the_o opposite_a faction_n be_v flee_v into_o the_o country_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o rome_n be_v extreme_o terrifyâd_v at_o sylla_n entrance_n but_o he_o only_o put_v the_o good_n of_o the_o person_n that_o flee_v to_o sale_n wish_v the_o people_n not_o to_o be_v deject_v for_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o act_v as_o he_o do_v then_o leave_v a_o sufficient_a garrison_n in_o the_o city_n he_o depart_v to_o clusium_n where_o he_o and_o his_o officer_n several_a time_n overthrow_v carbo_n army_n carbo_n be_v now_o upon_o the_o defensive_a send_v eight_o legion_n to_o praeneste_n to_o relieve_v his_o colleague_n marius_n but_o they_o be_v meet_v by_o pompey_n in_o a_o narrow_a passage_n where_o he_o âlew_v many_o of_o they_o and_o disperse_v the_o rest._n soon_o after_o carbo_n be_v join_v with_o norbanus_n engage_v with_o metellus_n and_o have_v 10000_o of_o his_o man_n slay_v and_o 6000_o yield_v whereupon_o great_a number_n go_v over_o to_o sylla_n party_n which_o present_o become_v master_n of_o all_o gaul_n on_o that_o side_n the_o alps_n norbanus_n flee_v to_o rhodes_n where_o fear_v to_o be_v deliver_v up_o he_o kill_v himself_o and_o carbo_n flee_v to_o africa_n though_o he_o have_v 30000_o man_n at_o clusium_n beside_o other_o force_n all_o which_o soon_o after_o be_v break_v and_o disperse_v by_o pompey_n but_o carinus_n and_o marcius_n with_o other_o commander_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o samnite_n troop_n endeavour_v to_o force_v the_o trench_n at_o praeneste_n and_o relieve_v marius_n but_o find_v it_o impracticable_a they_o advance_v to_o rome_n where_o meet_v with_o sylla_n a_o most_o bloody_a battle_n be_v seek_v at_o the_o very_a gate_n in_o which_o many_o thousand_o be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n but_o sylla_n at_o last_o obtain_v the_o victory_n and_o carinus_n and_o marcius_n be_v take_v and_o their_o head_n send_v to_o praeneste_n to_o be_v show_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n at_o which_o sorrowful_a sight_n they_o surrender_v to_o lucullus_n and_o marius_n kill_v himself_o who_o head_n be_v set_v up_o in_o the_o pleading-place_n at_o rome_n all_o his_o faction_n in_o praeneste_n with_o the_o native_n and_o samnite_n be_v put_v to_o death_n without_o mercy_n only_o the_o roman_n escape_v with_o their_o life_n and_o this_o rich_a city_n be_v plunder_v norba_n a_o little_a after_o be_v take_v and_o the_o inhabitant_n set_v the_o town_n on_o fire_n all_o destroy_v themselves_o some_o one_o way_n and_o some_o another_o so_o now_o all_o italy_n come_v under_o the_o power_n of_o sylla_n sylla_n have_v be_v thus_o successful_a against_o his_o enemy_n at_o home_n send_v pompey_n into_o africa_n against_o carbo_n and_o give_v he_o charge_n to_o pass_v from_o thence_o into_o sicily_n against_o other_o of_o that_o party_n pompey_n in_o a_o short_a time_n drive_v carbo_n into_o sicily_n and_o thence_o into_o corcyra_n where_o he_o take_v he_o and_o cause_v his_o head_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o and_o send_v to_o sylla_n but_o rome_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n now_o severe_o feel_v the_o dreadful_a effect_n of_o civil_a contest_v for_o sylla_n call_v the_o people_n together_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o will_v put_v they_o into_o a_o better_a condition_n if_o they_o be_v obedient_a to_o his_o command_n but_o as_o for_o his_o enemy_n be_v be_v resolve_v to_o prosecute_v they_o with_o all_o sort_n of_o misery_n and_o calamity_n which_o he_o do_v with_o more_o severity_n than_o any_o before_o he_o kill_v and_o butcher_v many_o thousand_o after_o a_o most_o barbarous_a and_o inhuman_a manner_n eight_o thousand_o be_v put_v to_o death_n together_o in_o the_o villa_n publica_n a_o large_a house_n in_o the_o campus_n martius_n man_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o embrace_n of_o their_o wife_n child_n in_o the_o arm_n of_o their_o mother_n and_o liberty_n be_v give_v to_o the_o soldier_n to_o kill_v all_o they_o meet_v without_o distinction_n till_o furfidius_fw-la a_o little_o stop_v the_o current_n of_o his_o rage_n by_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n that_o he_o ought_v to_o leave_v some_o to_o reign_v over_o sylla_n then_o publish_v table_n of_o proscription_n for_o particular_o person_n these_o be_v the_o first_o ever_o know_v in_o rome_n wherein_o be_v proscribe_v 80_o senator_n and_o 1600_o equites_fw-la to_o which_o he_o afterward_o add_v more_o promise_v great_a reward_n to_o the_o discoverer_n and_o threaten_a death_n to_o the_o concealer_n of_o they_o of_o these_o out-lawâd_a person_n some_o be_v slay_v in_o their_o house_n other_o in_o the_o street_n and_o other_o prostrate_v at_o his_o foot_n beg_v their_o life_n and_o those_o that_o flee_v their_o good_n be_v seize_v on_o marius_n brother_n to_o sylla_n great_a enemy_n have_v his_o eye_n first_o pull_v out_o than_o his_o hand_n and_o leg_n cut_v off_o at_o several_a time_n that_o he_o may_v die_v with_o the_o great_a torment_n â_o julius_n caesar_n a_o young_a man_n of_o wonderful_a promise_a ability_n who_o have_v marry_v cinna_n daughter_n very_o hardly_o escape_v the_o common_a misery_n of_o these_o time_n of_o who_o sylla_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v after_o a_o prophetic_a manner_n that_o in_o caesar_n be_v many_o marius_n '_o s._n rome_n be_v not_o the_o only_a sufferer_n in_o these_o dreadful_a calamity_n for_o this_o proscription_n be_v carryâd_v throughout_o all_o the_o city_n of_o italy_n where_o the_o merciless_a effusion_n of_o blood_n be_v such_o that_o neither_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o god_n nor_o all_o the_o sanctuary_n can_v afford_v protection_n to_o any_o man._n both_o the_o consul_n be_v now_o destroy_v sylla_n withdraw_v himself_o from_o the_o city_n and_o order_v the_o senate_n to_o create_v a_o inter-rex_a which_o they_o most_o willing_o do_v name_v valerius_n flaccus_n he_o write_v to_o he_o to_o ask_v the_o people_n that_o since_o affair_n be_v yet_o much_o unsettled_a a_o dictator_n may_v be_v create_v and_o that_o not_o for_o any_o limit_a time_n but_o till_o all_o public_a evil_n and_o grievance_n shall_v be_v redress_v not_o forget_v to_o mention_v himself_o this_o the_o people_n be_v constrain_v to_o yield_v to_o he_o have_v then_o all_o the_o power_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o so_o this_o office_n which_o have_v be_v intermit_v for_o 120_o year_n be_v confer_v on_o he_o without_o any_o limitation_n of_o time_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o first_o civil_a war_n in_o italy_n though_o not_o in_o all_o other_o place_n about_o 6_o year_n after_o it_o begin_v and_o four_o after_o the_o first_o marius_n death_n in_o the_o 672d_o year_n of_o the_o city_n in_o the_o 3d._a year_n of_o the_o 174th_o olympiad_n 427_o year_n since_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n 248_o since_o the_o set_n up_o of_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n and_o 80_o before_o our_o saviours_n nativity_n chap._n fourteen_o from_o the_o perpetual_a dictatorship_n of_o sylla_n to_o the_o first_o triumvirate_n namely_o that_o of_o caesar_n pompey_n and_o craâsus_n which_o prove_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o consular_a state_n and_o the_o first_o step_v to_o the_o set_n up_o the_o imperial_a contain_v the_o space_n of_o 22_o year_n the_o government_n of_o rome_n be_v now_o for_o some_o space_n change_v to_o a_o monarchy_n 672._o sylla_n power_n be_v unlimited_a as_o to_o time_n and_o thoâ_n to_o keep_v up_o a_o show_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n he_o permit_v consul_n to_o be_v make_v yet_o he_o plain_o reign_v alone_o have_v 24_o lictor_n with_o their_o fasces_fw-la and_o axe_n and_o a_o great_a guard_n constant_o to_o attend_v his_o person_n as_o the_o
king_n in_o former_a time_n have_v and_o repeal_n old_a law_n and_o enact_v new_a at_o his_o pleasure_n he_o regulate_v the_o consulship_n order_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v capable_a of_o it_o without_o first_o pass_v through_o other_o office_n he_o remove_v that_o plague_n to_o the_o senate_n the_o tribuneship_n by_o make_v those_o who_o bear_v it_o uncapable_a of_o any_o other_o trust._n he_o add_v 300_o of_o the_o equites_fw-la to_o the_o senate_n and_o likewise_o 10000_o of_o the_o slave_n of_o the_o proscribe_v to_o the_o people_n make_v they_o free_a and_o call_v they_o cornelii_n according_a to_o his_o own_o name_n and_o he_o assign_v great_a quantity_n of_o land_n to_o 23_o legion_n the_o better_a to_o secure_v and_o bind_v they_o to_o his_o interest_n this_o be_v the_o first_o year_n of_o sylla_n reign_n in_o which_o the_o war_n break_v out_o again_o with_o mithridates_n about_o three_o year_n after_o the_o first_o occasion_v by_o murena_n whoâ_n sylla_n have_v leave_v behind_o he_o in_o asia_n this_o person_n be_v extraordinary_a ambitious_a of_o a_o triumph_n find_v a_o opportunity_n of_o make_v a_o breach_n with_o mithridates_n contrary_a to_o the_o senate_n design_n but_o as_o it_o prove_v he_o only_o procure_v himself_o a_o overthrow_n and_o mithridates_n a_o peace_n not_o long_o after_o which_o finish_v the_o second_o war_n with_o that_o prince_n have_v last_v above_o two_o year_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o sylla_n office_n he_o again_o make_v consul_n but_o join_v himself_o with_o caecilius_n metellus_n he_o be_v one_o which_o course_n the_o emperor_n afterward_o imitate_v the_o year_n after_o when_o the_o people_n design_v he_o consul_n again_o he_o decline_v it_o and_o choose_v two_o other_o and_o then_o to_o the_o great_a surprise_n and_o wonder_n of_o all_o man_n he_o lay_v down_o his_o dictatorship_n in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o office_n and_o what_o be_v more_o surprise_v though_o he_o have_v do_v so_o many_o cruel_a and_o wicked_a act_n he_o like_v a_o man_n perfect_o just_a and_o innocent_a free_o offer_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o all_o his_o management_n and_o proceed_n yet_o we_o find_v none_o accuse_v he_o but_o one_o young_a man_n who_o scurrilous_a language_n to_o he_o make_v he_o say_v that_o such_o course_n usage_n for_o the_o future_a wouâd_n keep_v any_o man_n from_o lay_v down_o a_o office_n of_o such_o supreme_a authority_n which_o julius_n caesar_n afterward_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v aware_a of_o not_o long_o after_o he_o retire_v himself_o into_o the_o country_n where_o follow_v nothing_o but_o his_o pleasure_n he_o die_v in_o a_o short_a time_n at_o puteoli_n his_o body_n be_v putrefy_a and_o all_o turn_v into_o louse_n this_o be_v the_o end_n of_o cornelius_n sylla_n and_o as_o his_o life_n be_v very_o pernicious_a to_o his_o country_n so_o be_v his_o death_n extreme_o troublesome_a to_o it_o the_o two_o consul_n and_o their_o faction_n fall_v about_o the_o honour_n design_v for_o he_o at_o his_o funeral_n catullus_n prevail_v against_o his_o colleague_n lepidus_n his_o body_n be_v carry_v in_o great_a pomp_n and_o state_n through_o the_o city_n and_o be_v the_o first_o in_o rome_n that_o be_v burn_v to_o prevent_v be_v treat_v as_o marius_n before_o have_v be_v who_o bone_n sylla_n himself_o have_v order_v to_o be_v dig_v up_o and_o throw_v away_o after_o this_o the_o consul_n fall_v into_o great_a dissension_n about_o the_o land_n give_v away_o by_o sylla_n which_o lepidus_n be_v for_o return_v to_o the_o former_a possessor_n the_o senate_n be_v very_o fearful_a of_o another_o war_n make_v they_o both_o swear_v not_o to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n by_o the_o sword_n but_o lepidus_n resolve_v not_o to_o return_v out_o of_o his_o province_n till_o the_o new_a election_n of_o consul_n be_v over_o and_o then_o to_o begin_v a_o war_n think_v himself_o discharge_v from_o his_o oath_n when_o he_o be_v out_o of_o his_o office_n hereupon_o the_o senate_n send_v for_o he_o and_o at_o his_o return_n he_o offer_v to_o bring_v his_o troop_n into_o the_o city_n but_o be_v oppose_v by_o catullus_n and_o pompey_n a_o battle_n inâuâd_v wherein_o he_o be_v overthrow_v and_o flee_v to_o sardinia_n he_o die_v the_o same_o year_n with_o sylla_n this_o be_v not_o the_o end_n of_o all_o these_o trouble_n for_o a_o more_o dangerous_a war_n be_v still_o depend_v in_o spain_n against_o q._n sertorius_n a_o admirable_a expert_a commander_n of_o ciâââa's_n faction_n who_o have_v drive_v out_o all_o sylla_n party_n from_o spain_n and_o have_v choose_v 300_o of_o his_o friend_n who_o he_o call_v a_o senate_n in_o opposition_n to_o that_o at_o rome_n sertorius_n have_v join_v with_o the_o celâiberians_n have_v before_o be_v successful_a against_o metellus_n and_o now_o be_v reinforce_v with_o part_n of_o lepidus_n army_n bring_v over_o by_o perpenna_n he_o design_v no_o less_o than_o the_o invasion_n of_o italy_n the_o senate_n apprehensive_a of_o this_o threaten_a danger_n send_v pompey_n against_o he_o who_o for_o his_o great_a exploit_n in_o africa_n and_o sicily_n have_v already_o triumph_v though_o scarce_o 26_o year_n of_o age_n and_o neither_o consul_n nor_o praetor_n pompey_n in_o imitation_n of_o hannibal_n pass_v the_o alps_n though_o a_o contrary_a way_n but_o with_o no_o success_n against_o sertorius_n either_o then_o or_o in_o the_o next_o spring_n and_o though_o perpenna_n and_o herculeus_n be_v several_a time_n worsted_n by_o metellus_n yet_o sertorius_n by_o his_o extraordinary_a management_n reduce_v pompey_n to_o great_a extremity_n insomuch_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o send_v to_o rome_n for_o supply_n which_o after_o he_o have_v receive_v he_o attack_v several_a place_n subject_a to_o sertorius_n yet_o perform_v no_o thing_n of_o consequence_n this_o year_n the_o follow_a year_n pompey_n and_o metellus_n be_v much_o strengthen_v make_v incursion_n into_o several_a part_n and_o with_o more_o success_n than_o former_o yet_o no_o considerable_a battle_n be_v fight_v and_o indeed_o there_o need_v none_o since_o sertorius_n fall_v away_o insensible_o by_o disoblige_v his_o chief_a soldier_n in_o prefer_v the_o celtiberian_n for_o his_o guard_n but_o more_o especial_o by_o his_o degenerate_v into_o a_o lazy_a and_o debauch_a as_o well_o as_o cruel_a temper_n put_v many_o to_o death_n with_o little_a reason_n or_o justice_n and_o now_o perpenna_n fear_v it_o may_v fall_v to_o his_o lot_n to_o be_v destroy_v among_o the_o rest_n resolve_v to_o prevent_v it_o and_o thereupon_o invite_v he_o to_o a_o sumptuous_a feast_n first_o make_v he_o and_o his_o companion_n very_o drink_v and_o then_o murder_v he_o which_o be_v a_o very_a inglorious_a end_n for_o so_o great_a a_o soldier_n who_o have_v stout_o and_o brave_o resist_v all_o that_o have_v be_v send_v against_o he_o and_o have_v be_v admire_v by_o the_o spaniard_n as_o another_o hannibal_n perpenna_n with_o much_o difficulty_n obtain_v his_o command_n from_o his_o army_n but_o not_o long_o after_o be_v overthrow_v in_o battle_n and_o take_v prisoner_n by_o pompey_n he_o offer_v to_o disclose_v to_o pompey_n in_o private_a some_o matter_n of_o the_o high_a consequence_n if_o he_o will_v spare_v his_o life_n but_o pompey_n with_o great_a policy_n and_o discretion_n command_v he_o to_o be_v execute_v immediate_o and_o his_o paper_n all_o to_o be_v burn_v lest_o his_o accusation_n shall_v bring_v the_o state_n into_o further_a trouble_n of_o which_o it_o have_v feel_v too_o severe_o already_o thus_o end_v all_o the_o civil_a war_n in_o the_o 68th_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 1â_n year_n after_o they_o first_o begin_v and_o 9_o after_o it_o end_v in_o italy_n in_o the_o consulship_n of_o terentius_n varro_n and_o cassius_n varus_n the_o former_a be_v a_o person_n of_o wonderful_a knowledge_n and_o one_o of_o the_o most_o learned_a man_n that_o ever_o rome_n produce_v in_o who_o time_n learning_n be_v in_o many_o respect_n at_o the_o high_a pitch_n in_o the_o state_n ii_o but_o the_o year_n before_o 680._o a_o three_o war_n break_v out_o with_o mithridates_n who_o now_o have_v join_v himself_o with_o tigranes_n king_n of_o armenia_n and_o gather_v together_o a_o army_n of_o divers_a country_n consist_v of_o 140000_o foot_n 16000_o horse_n by_o which_o he_o in_o a_o short_a time_n possess_v himself_o of_o all_o bythinia_n which_o nicomedes_n the_o late_a king_n have_v give_v by_o his_o will_n to_o the_o roman_n lucinius_fw-la lucullus_n and_o aurelius_n cotta_n be_v consul_n the_o former_a a_o brave_a general_n be_v send_v against_o mithridates_n he_o find_v the_o king_n before_o câzicus_n a_o city_n of_o propontis_n where_o he_o place_v his_o man_n with_o so_o much_o skill_n as_o to_o besiege_v the_o besieger_n and_o reduce_v mithridates_n to_o such_o extremity_n that_o through_o famine_n he_o be_v force_v first_o to_o send_v away_o his_o cavalry_n and_o
disturbance_n in_o those_o part_n and_o relieve_v â_o cicero_n brother_n to_o the_o orator_n and_o one_o of_o his_o lieutenant_n who_o be_v besiege_v by_o the_o eburones_n he_o finish_v his_o five_o year_n expedition_n the_o next_o year_n caesar_n perceive_v that_o many_o of_o the_o state_n of_o gaul_n be_v dispose_v to_o a_o general_a insurrection_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o a_o imperfect_a settlement_n of_o affair_n the_o last_o year_n whereupon_o he_o reinforce_v his_o army_n with_o three_o roman_a legion_n and_o as_o many_o auxiliary_n as_o he_o can_v well_o procure_v he_o pursue_v his_o business_n with_o great_a vigour_n and_o open_v the_o campaign_n soon_o than_o ordinary_a thereby_o to_o break_v or_o at_o least_o to_o weaken_v their_o union_n he_o soon_o subdue_v and_o reduce_v several_a nation_n of_o the_o gaul_n as_o the_o nervii_n first_o and_o short_o after_o the_o senones_n carnutes_n and_o the_o menapian_n while_o his_o lieutenant_n labienus_n reduce_v all_o the_o people_n about_o trier_n after_o this_o he_o build_v a_o bridge_n and_o pass_v the_o rhine_n a_o second_o time_n by_o reason_n that_o several_a of_o the_o german_n have_v enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n with_o the_o gaul_n where_o after_o he_o have_v make_v some_o attempt_n upon_o the_o suâvi_fw-la with_o little_a success_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o fly_v into_o wood_n and_o impassable_a place_n he_o turn_v his_o arm_n against_o the_o eburones_n but_o while_o he_o be_v ravage_v their_o territory_n the_o sigambri_n cross_v the_o rhine_n sudden_o set_v upon_o cicero_n camp_n kill_v many_o and_o cause_v a_o great_a consternation_n among_o his_o man_n but_o at_o last_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v at_o the_o news_n of_o caesar_n approach_n who_o after_o that_o fall_v afresh_o upon_o the_o country_n of_o the_o eburones_n then_o call_v a_o council_n in_o gaul_n for_o the_o punishment_n of_o all_o revolter_n and_o provide_v his_o army_n with_o all_o necessary_n 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general_a charge_n of_o provision_n commit_v to_o he_o a_o honour_n which_o cicero_n in_o recompense_n for_o his_o ressitution_n have_v procure_v he_o from_o the_o senate_n that_o so_o he_o may_v have_v authority_n all_o over_o the_o roman_a empire_n but_o crassus_n betake_v himself_o to_o force_n which_o when_o the_o tribune_n see_v themselves_o unable_a to_o withstand_v they_o desist_v but_o load_v he_o with_o horrible_a and_o unheard-of_a curse_n and_o imprecation_n and_o many_o exclaim_v against_o it_o as_o a_o unworthy_a thing_n to_o injure_v the_o parthian_n who_o deserve_v no_o ill_a at_o the_o roman_n hand_n but_o be_v now_o in_o peace_n with_o '_o they_o but_o crassus_n hee_v no_o reproach_n in_o this_o case_n after_o he_o have_v get_v all_o thing_n in_o a_o readiness_n set_v forward_o to_o his_o province_n pompey_n the_o mean_a time_n keep_v himself_o whole_o to_o the_o city_n still_o contrive_v how_o to_o make_v himself_o more_o great_a and_o powerful_a in_o his_o country_n but_o the_o fame_n of_o caesar_n conquest_n which_o daily_o fill_v the_o city_n begin_v to_o prove_v very_o ungrateful_a to_o he_o who_o fear_v nothing_o so_o much_o as_o a_o rival_n in_o point_n of_o glory_n and_o therefore_o he_o set_v himself_o to_o do_v all_o that_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o diminish_v the_o reputation_n of_o caesar_n oblige_v the_o magistrate_n not_o to_o publish_v any_o letter_n they_o receive_v till_o he_o have_v forestall_v the_o credit_n of_o they_o by_o spread_a self_n and_o disadvantageous_a report_n this_o give_v great_a cause_n of_o trouble_n to_o many_o discreet_a and_o wise_a person_n who_o foresee_v the_o misery_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o a_o rupture_n between_o two_o such_o extraordinary_a person_n and_o what_o still_o augment_v their_o fear_n be_v the_o death_n of_o pompey_n wife_n julia_n daughter_n to_o caesar_n which_o happen_v at_o the_o same_o time_n pompey_z most_o passionate_o love_v she_o and_o her_o wit_n and_o virtue_n have_v always_o a_o great_a ascendant_n over_o the_o disposition_n both_o of_o caesar_n and_o pompey_n the_o people_n of_o rome_n give_v sufficient_a testimony_n of_o the_o respect_n they_o bear_v she_o by_o public_a demonstration_n of_o their_o sorrow_n and_o when_o pompey_n will_v have_v carry_v her_o body_n to_o one_o of_o his_o house_n nigh_o alba_n the_o people_n will_v not_o suffer_v it_o but_o bear_v it_o into_o the_o field_n of_o mars_n where_o they_o bury_v it_o with_o the_o great_a magnificence_n imaginable_a from_o this_o moment_n pompey_n resolve_v to_o pursue_v nothing_o but_o his_o own_o particular_a advancement_n and_o for_o the_o restore_n himself_o to_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n he_o cause_v a_o stately_a theatre_n to_o be_v build_v which_o he_o dedicate_v by_o play_n and_o other_o magnificent_a show_n which_o be_v no_o way_n please_v to_o cicero_n as_o appear_v from_o one_o of_o his_o epistle_n while_o pompey_n be_v manage_v his_o affair_n at_o home_n and_o caesar_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o gaul_n crassus_n be_v pursue_v his_o expedition_n with_o all_o vigour_n in_o his_o journey_n he_o march_v through_o jerusalem_n where_o he_o riâled_v the_o temple_n of_o a_o great_a treasure_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 10000_o talent_n which_o pompey_n to_o his_o great_a reputation_n have_v spare_v he_o spend_v many_o day_n in_o weigh_v the_o treasure_n of_o the_o idol_n goddess_n in_o hierapolis_n or_o edâsia_n in_o syria_n and_o in_o his_o whole_a passage_n he_o show_v more_o of_o covetousness_n than_o valour_n list_v many_o man_n and_o then_o discharge_v they_o again_o for_o money_n he_o likewise_o neglect_v his_o opportunity_n of_o fall_v upon_o the_o parthian_n unprovided_a despissâd_v the_o friendship_n of_o the_o armenian_a king_n who_o give_v he_o leave_v to_o pass_v through_o his_o country_n to_o parbia_n and_o take_v no_o care_n about_o the_o refresh_n of_o his_o man_n some_o city_n till_o he_o have_v certain_a news_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o neglect_v to_o pass_v down_o the_o river_n selucia_n as_o he_o be_v adviâed_v where_o he_o may_v have_v be_v supplyâd_v with_o provision_n by_o water_n this_o latter_a counsel_n he_o reject_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o cunning_a insinuation_n of_o abgarus_n the_o osroenian_a who_o have_v former_o be_v a_o friend_n and_o alley_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v now_o in_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o parthian_n and_o feed_v crassus_n with_o money_n to_o gild_v over_o his_o treachery_n give_v they_o notice_n of_o all_o that_o pass_v in_o the_o roman_a camp_n he_o likewise_o persuade_v crassus_n to_o lay_v aside_o all_o thought_n of_o selucias_n and_o câesiphon_n and_o march_v direct_o against_o surenas_n the_o parthian_a general_n this_o advice_n he_o follow_v and_o thereby_o first_o lose_v his_o son_n a_o very_a hopeful_a youth_n he_o himself_o be_v circumvent_v by_o surenas_n under_o pretence_n of_o a_o treaty_n and_o either_o slay_v by_o his_o enemy_n or_o kill_v by_o some_o of_o his_o own_o man_n to_o prevent_v his_o fall_n into_o their_o hand_n his_o man_n be_v miserable_o slaughter_v to_o the_o number_n of_o 10000_o beside_o 10000_o take_v and_o his_o head_n carryâd_v to_o orodes_n king_n of_o parthia_n who_o cause_v melt_v gold_n to_o be_v pour_v into_o his_o month_n cry_v now_o satisfy_v thyself_o with_o gold_n of_o which_o thou_o always_o have_v be_v so_o insatiable_o greedy_a thus_o fall_v crassus_n in_o the_o second_o year_n after_o his_o set_n out_o one_o of_o the_o rich_a man_n in_o all_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o by_o this_o one_o of_o the_o head_n of_o the_o triumvirate_n be_v cut_v off_o this_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o follow_v civil_a war_n between_o the_o other_o two_o for_o while_o he_o live_v he_o be_v a_o check_n to_o âem_v both_o and_o balance_v their_o interest_n but_o after_o this_o a_o open_a field_n be_v leave_v for_o their_o ambition_n and_o emulation_n to_o work_v in_o this_o happen_v in_o the_o
701ââear_n of_o the_o city_n nigh_o seven_o year_n after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o triumvirate_n and_o 51_o before_o our_o saviour_n nativity_n a._n m._n 3952_o chap._n ii_o from_o the_o death_n of_o crassus_n to_o the_o death_n of_o pompey_n which_o make_v way_n for_o caesar_n absolute_a authority_n and_o be_v the_o second_o step_n to_o the_o imperial_a state_n contain_v above_o five_o year_n space_n i._o the_o same_o year_n that_o crassus_n be_v slay_v 701._o most_o violent_a disturbance_n and_o dissension_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o city_n faction_n daily_a increase_n nothing_o manage_v with_o the_o ancient_a equity_n and_o moderation_n and_o all_o office_n purchase_v with_o bribe_n and_o money_n or_o else_o gain_v by_o sword_n and_o club_n the_o consul_n find_v themselves_o debar_v by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o triumvirate_n from_o wage_n war_n and_o lead_v army_n as_o former_o make_v it_o their_o sole_a business_n to_o enrich_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o public_a revenue_n or_o from_o the_o bribe_n as_o well_o as_o the_o salary_n depend_v upon_o their_o office_n pompey_n connive_v at_o all_o this_o hope_v that_o the_o infirmity_n of_o the_o state_n will_v occasion_v he_o to_o be_v create_v dictator_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n he_o retire_v himself_o for_o a_o while_n that_o his_o friend_n may_v have_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n of_o insinuate_v the_o necessity_n of_o his_o presence_n as_o well_o as_o authority_n for_o the_o preserve_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o city_n at_o the_o time_n for_o the_o new_a election_n of_o magistrate_n there_o be_v such_o a_o violent_a contention_n among_o the_o candidate_n that_o for_o eight_o entire_a month_n none_o couâd_v be_v elect_v and_o what_o still_o heighten_v these_o mischief_n be_v the_o death_n of_o clodius_n kill_v by_o his_o great_a enemy_n milo_n who_o meet_v he_o by_o accident_n by_o his_o country_n house_n the_o body_n be_v immediate_o bring_v to_o rome_n and_o expose_v all_o bloody_a to_o the_o people_n which_o cause_v great_a disturbance_n among_o the_o multitude_n who_o immediate_o run_v furious_o to_o milo_n house_n to_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n but_o he_o be_v well_o provide_v to_o receive_v they_o repulse_v and_o kill_v several_a of_o the_o assailant_n upon_o which_o they_o return_v to_o the_o body_n where_o they_o pull_v all_o the_o magistrate_n seat_n in_o piece_n make_v a_o funeral_n pile_n of_o they_o and_o set_v fire_n to_o it_o with_o so_o much_o rage_n that_o all_o the_o stately_a building_n where_o the_o senate_n use_v to_o assemble_v be_v burn_v with_o clodius_n body_n after_o this_o the_o mutineer_n disperse_v themselves_o all_o over_o the_o city_n where_o under_o pretence_n of_o search_v for_o milo_n friend_n they_o commit_v the_o most_o insupportable_a violence_n imaginable_a so_o that_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v fill_v with_o murder_n and_o quarrel_n till_o no_o body_n dare_v walk_v the_o street_n unarm_v these_o fatal_a mischief_n turn_v all_o man_n eye_n upon_o 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clodius_n brother_n and_o though_o cicero_n himself_o undertake_v to_o defend_v he_o yet_o it_o happen_v that_o by_o his_o fear_n of_o pompey_n soldier_n who_o surround_v he_o as_o he_o be_v plead_v he_o be_v put_v out_o in_o his_o speech_n and_o so_o mâlo_n for_o his_o insolence_n be_v banish_v and_o when_o cicâro_n afterward_o send_v he_o his_o oration_n in_o write_v the_o excellency_n of_o it_o make_v he_o answer_n that_o it_o be_v happy_a for_o he_o that_o cicero_n be_v out_o in_o his_o harangue_n for_o otherwise_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v live_v so_o well_o at_o marseilles_n as_o now_o be_v do_v for_o that_o be_v the_o place_n of_o his_o exile_n pompey_n have_v hitherto_o execute_v the_o office_n of_o a_o dictator_n take_v scipio_n metellus_n for_o his_o colleague_n who_o daughter_n cornelia_n he_o have_v late_o marry_v a_o lady_n of_o no_o less_o accomplishment_n than_o beauty_n this_o considerable_o strengthen_v pompey_n interest_n who_o therefore_o now_o think_v it_o no_o 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this_o the_o
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octavius_n ought_v to_o have_v the_o title_n of_o romulus_n because_o he_o have_v found_v the_o empire_n but_o the_o more_o venerable_a name_n of_o augustus_n augustus_n propound_v by_o munacius_n planâus_n at_o length_n seem_v most_o agreeable_a for_o sacred_a placeâ_n and_o temple_n consecrate_v by_o augur_n be_v term_v augusta_n by_o the_o roman_n caesar_n though_o he_o much_o desire_v that_o of_o romulus_n yet_o perceive_v he_o shall_v be_v suspect_v of_o affect_v the_o title_n of_o king_n decline_v it_o and_o be_v surname_v augustus_n intimate_v something_o in_o he_o more_o than_o mortal_a and_o this_o he_o accept_v of_o a_o title_n express_v more_o dignity_n and_o reverence_n than_o authority_n and_o thing_n be_v call_v augusta_n which_o be_v most_o worthy_a of_o honour_n and_o most_o sacred_a wherefore_o the_o greek_n express_v it_o by_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d or_o venerable_n from_o this_o day_n forward_o begin_v the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o be_v in_o 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hannibal_n annibal_n the_o carthaginian_a admiral_n his_o ill_a success_n and_o death_n 184_o 185_o anthony_n see_v
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the_o book_n of_o aristotle_n and_o theophrastus_n than_o not_o vulgar_o know_v he_o soon_o after_o write_v to_o the_o senate_n at_o rome_n recount_v all_o his_o great_a service_n he_o have_v do_v for_o the_o state_n and_o how_o ungrateful_o he_o have_v be_v use_v by_o marius_n party_n tell_v they_o plain_o that_o he_o be_v come_v to_o revenge_n both_o himself_o and_o the_o public_a by_o punish_v the_o author_n of_o those_o injury_n though_o the_o rest_n he_o will_v spare_v whether_o they_o be_v old_a or_o new_a citizen_n the_o senate_n extreme_o dread_v the_o effect_n of_o sylla_n return_n well_o know_v it_o will_v be_v fatal_a to_o many_o and_o even_o to_o some_o who_o have_v unwilling_o join_v with_o mariuâ_n therefore_o they_o send_v to_o treat_v with_o he_o offer_v all_o their_o endeavour_n for_o his_o satisfaction_n if_o he_o will_v quick_o make_v know_v his_o demand_n and_o that_o there_o may_v be_v the_o less_o bloodshed_n they_o order_v cinna_n to_o discontinue_v his_o levy_n 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