and in the top of the Adriatick Venice Venice standing upon seventy two little Islets but joyned together by many Bridges which are said to be 4000 at the least besides 10000 Boats for passage from Isle to Isle a strong beautiful and famous City once the most illustrious Empory of the World but much decayed in its Trade since the Passage by Sea was found to Persia and India by Cape bon Esprance On the Histrian and Dalmatian side of the Adriatick Dalmatia are these places and Sea-ports observable Triest or Tergestum whence the Bay adjoyning is so called Zara in Dalmatia enjoying a safe and large Port belonging to the State of Venice Sebenico Spalato Narento Cattaro at the bottom of the Gulf so called On the Coast of Greece Grecia over against Otranto in Italy lieth Vellona a Port Town fortified with a strong Castle Farther into the Jonian Sea lie several Islands first Corfu sufficiently fruitful but of Wine especially Caphalonia and Zant Cephalon Zant. Islands abounding in Oyl and Wine but especially in Currants which is the greatest trade of these Islands Larta on the Grecian Shore in a Gulf so called near the antient Ambracia the Regal Seat of King Pyrrbus near unto which is the Isle of St. Maure inhabited chiefly by Jews a little lower than which is the Gulf of Corinth called Lepanto from two Castles built on each side the entrance thereof called Castelli de Lepanto made famous by the memorable Sea-fight of the Turks and Christians Peleponesus Morea now Morea a Peninsula joyned to the Continent by a little neck of Land or Istmus at Corinth six miles over in breadth the pleasantest Countrey of all Greece abounding with all things necessary for life now in possession of the Turks and though no place hath suffered more ruine than this yet it is still the most populous of all Greece The chief places are Modon or Methone seated on the most southern part of the Peninsula a strong safe and convenient Harbour Coron the chief Town on the Bay of Messina Malvasia antiently Epidaurus noted for the abundance of delicate Wines called Malvesy or Malmsey sent hence into all parts Nauplia now Napoli giving name to the Bay so called To the South-east hereof lyeth that famous Island of Creet Candia now Candia from the chief Town so called abounding heretofore much more than now in Muscadel Wines Oyl Sugar Gums Honey and Fruits The People formerly good Seafaring Men subject to the Venetians till much rent from them by the Turk especially of late by the strong Town of Candia situate on the North Coast The next places of note whereof are Retimo and Canea commodious by its Haven called Porto del Suda In and about the Aegean Sea lie many Istands the most of note are Samothrace now Samandrachi Thassus or Tasso Imbrus now Lembro Lemnos the Merchandize whereof is that Mineral Earth called Terra Lemnia and Sigillata from the Seal or Character imprinted on it Eubaea now Negropont Archipe lago full of Harbours and capacious Bays Salaminis Egina or Engia the Cyclades so called because placed in a Circle called also the Arches the chief whereof are Delos Tenos Andros Naxos Gyares Paros Scyros Melos Seriphus Chia and several others in number fifty three The Sporades because scattered up and down the Archipelago in number twelve Lastly Cythera now Cerigo On the other side next Asia lie Tenedos Lesbos or Mitilene Chios Samos Coos Icaria Patmos now Palmosa Clares now Calamo Carpathes Rhodes memorable in the hard and long Siege of the Turks before it was taken In this mentioned Sea on the Continent Shores of Greece and Thrace are observable first Athens now called Setines so famously heretofore memorable now an ordinary Burrough Next Thessalonica now Salonichi at the bottom of a great Bay so called a beautiful wealthy City inhabited by rich Merchants of most Nations and Religions who drive here a great Trade Abdera Aenos Lysimachia and Philippopolis on the River Hebrus Selimbria Sestos a Peninsula in the Thracian Chersonese having a strong Castle opposite to which there is another on the Asian Shore called Abidos both of them having the name of the Dardanelli the Key and Block-houses of Constantinople commanding the Passage so strongly that none may go out or in without their license But the chief glory of this Country and of all Europe is Constantinople Constantinople seated in so commodious a place for Empire that it overlooks both Europe and Asia commands not onely the Propontis and Bosphorus but the Euxine Sea first called Bizantium now fince the possession of it by the Turks Stamboldi having a most curious Haven or Port so conveniently profound that Ships of greatest burthen may lie at the sides thereof for receit and discharge of their Lading so conveniently seated that there is no Wind whatsoever but brings in some shipping which affords a vast trade of Merchandize from all parts and of all sorts Beyond this is the Propontis and the Euxine Euxine Sea or Black Sea or Pontus now Maggiore a very dangerous Sea full of Rocks and Sands guarded at the entrance by the Bosphorus with two strong Castles called the Black Towers But to return again to the Aegean Sea by the Coasts of Asia the places most worthy of notice for Trade are but few the chief Smyrna a fair and antient City Smyrna on a large Bay so named much traded and frequented at this day especially for Chamlets Grograms and such like Commodities where the English have a Consul resident Ephesus Halicarnassus Matari Antioch of no great Trade And at the end of the Mediterranian Sea Alexandretta or Scandarone pretty commodious for Trade being the nearest Haven to Aleppo heretofore the choice Staple for all the Eastern Commodities brought to Euphrates before the Portugals discovery of the Southern Passage to India and Persia Tyre a City in antient time of great Trade and Wealth seated on a Rocky Island the People whereof were supposed to be the first that invented shipping now nothing but a heap of rubbish Tripolis Cyprus over against which is the Island Cyprus in the Syrian and Cilician Sea abounding in Wine Oyl Corn Sugar Cotton Honey Wooll Turpentine Allom Verdegreece Salt Grograms and other Commodities On the Coasts of Egypt and Barbary Egypt are first Alexandria situate westward of Delta over against the Ifle Pharos at the Mouth of the River Nile exceeding strong inhabited by men of divers Nations as Moors Jews Turks Greeks and almost all other Nations for the gain they reap by trafficking in Corn Rice Estridge-Feathers Gums Drugs Spices Cotten-Cloth and other rich Commodities Tripoli in Barbary an usual retreat for Pyrates that infest those Seas Next Tunis whose Commodities are chiefly Oyl some Corn Figs Dates Almonds and other Fruits Argiers situate near the Sea in the form of a Triangle with an Haven to it a City not so large as strong and not so strong
Ocean Hamburgh are first Hamburgh on the Bill where it falls into the Elve one of the Hanse-Towns also having by report as many great Ships as sayl upon the Ocean which bring great profit besides the resort of Merchants from most places It was sometimes the Staple Town for the Cloth of England on some discontent removed from thence to Stadt a little nearer the Sea on the same River from thence afterwards to Holland Next Bremen seated on the broad and navigable River Weser whence comes store of Linnen Cloth called from a Town not far thence Osenbridge Then Emden a good Haven and well traded Town which yearly sends out 700 Busses for the Herring-fishing on the Coasts of England Alongst the Shores for the most part belonging to the States of Holland Holland lie several Islands the chief whereof are Ameland Schelling Holland Fly-land Texel Weringen Voorn Yselmond Overflaccee Schowen Duveland Tertolen North-Beverland South-Beverland and Walcheren The chief Ports and Places are Amsterdam a very fair Haven situate on the Gulf called the Tye and the Channel or Dike Amstel whence Amsterdam built on Piles like Venice and much resembling it both in Trade and other Things a place stored with multitude of shipping inhabited by Men of all Nations and of all Religions Grown Famous and exceeding Wealthy since the diverting of the Trade from Antwerp hither Horn Enchuisen on the very Point of the Gulf of Zuider-Zee opposite to Friezeland Medemblick Scheidam Delf-haven Rotterdam on a Channel named the Rotter not far from which the Leck one of the three main Branches of the Rhine falleth into the Maes a strong fair and well-traded Port. The Brill in the Island Voorn once Cautionary to the English with the Town of Flushing Bergen ap Zome so called from the River Zome on which it is situate about half a league from the influx of it into the Scheld and not far from the Sea which gives it a reasonable good Haven Antwerp situate on the Scheld seventeen leagues from the Sea of so great Trade in former times that it was held to be the richest Empory of the Christian World the Commodities here Bought and Sold amounting to more in one month than those of Venice in two years the cause whereof was that the Portugals diverting the Alexandrian and Venetian Trade to Lisbon kept here their Factories and sent hither their Spices and Indian Commodities now almost removed by the Hellander to Amsterdam Middleburg Flushing Flanders the Key of the Netherlands Ostend Newport Dunkirck Graveling the last of Flanders On the Coast of France France alongst the English Channel are first Callice at the very entrance Deep a Town of Trade especially for the New-found-land Newhaven or Haverdegrace on the Mouth of the River Sein betwixt which and St. Maloes close by the Hag-point over against the Isle of Wight in England lyeth the Islands Aldernay or as the French Aurney Jersey Guernsey belong to the Crown of England and several other smaller Islands stoared with plenty of Syder and fine Wooll whereof they knit store of Stockings and Wastcoates St. Maloes Morlais ushant Brest seated on a spacious Bay of the Western Ocean the Key and Bulwark of Bretaign and the goodliest Harbour of all France Croisse a little Haven at the Mouth of the Loir not far below Nants whence store of the best and most noted Brandy Rochel a Town seated in the inner part of a fair and capacious Bay assured by two strong Forts betwixt which there is scarce more space than for a Ship to come in at once Over against which lyeth Oleron an Island yeelding great quantity of Salt in special fame for that the Maritine Laws which for near 500 years have generally been received by all the States of the Christian World which frequent the Ocean for regulating Sea Affairs and deciding of Maritine Controversies were declared and established here The Island being then in possession of the English from thence named the Laws of Oleron So powerful were the Kings of England in former times to give Laws to all that traded on the Ocean Burdeaux seated on the Garond not far from the Sea much frequented by English and Dutch for Gascoign Wines Bayon the last of France on this part of the Ocean On the Coast of Spain St. Sebastian Spain a noted and well-traded Port at the Mouth of the River Gurvineo beautified with a fair and capacious Haven defended with two strong Castles founded on two opposite Rocks Bilbao situate some two leagues from the Sea on a fair and deep Creek thereof Biscay this and indeed all the Coast of Biscay stored with such infinite quantities of Iron and Steel that no Countrey yeeldeth better or in greater plenty called for this cause the Armory of Spain exceedingly enriched by making of Armour and all sorts of Weapons their chief Manufacture the Bilbao Blades in such request being brought from thence besides great quantities of Wooll hence transported Corunna by us called the Groin often mentioned in our story of the Wars with the Spaniard in Queen Elizabeths time taken by the English not far from the Promontorie or Cape called Finis Terrae Cape Finis Terrae or Cape de Finis Terre being the most western end of the then known World Bayon not far from the Mouth of the River Minio full of Red Lead from hence called by the Latins Minium navigable with small Vessels 100 miles Porto Duero or Porto Port Portugal at the Mouth of the River Duero in the Kingdom of Portugal Lisbon upon the great River Tagus a famous City for Traffick the Portugals in all their Navigations setting sail from hence 'T is conveniently seated for Shipping and excepting the Court which is here kept inhabited chiefly by Mariners and Merchants which of their own Countrey growth trade in Honey Wine Oyl Allum Fruits Salt c. and from Brazil in America with great quantities of best and finest Sugar and many sorts of Drugs Setubal or St. Uves South of Lisbon situate on a Gulf of twenty miles in length and three in breadth a place of principal importance next to Lisbon Not far to the North-west of Cape Vincent there are certain Islands called the Azores in the Atlantick Ocean subject to the Crown of Portugal and opposite to the City of Lisbon from which distant 250 leagues situate between 38 and 40 degrees of North Latitude and one of them in the first longitude which is commonly reckoned from these Islands as being the most western part of the World before the discovery of America Azores They were so called from Azor in the Spanish Tongue signifying a Goshauk because multitudes were there at first found The names are these Tercera St. Michaels Fyal Gratiosa St. George Pice Corvo Flores Spain and St. Maries most of them stored with Flesh Fish and a sort of Wine not very good nor durable But the chief Commodity they send out is Woad
of a great Bay whence compassing Cape Candences there is the entrance into the White-Sea White-Sea or Bay of St. Nicholas which Master Richard Chanceller in the Richard-Bonaventure first discovered and setled a Trade with the Moscovites or Russes at the Town of St. Nicholas a well known Port situate at the influx of the River Dutna into the Bay But St. Michaels on the Sea-side commonly called Arch-Angel is the Town of greatest Trade especially by the English who have of late there fixed their Staple The principal Commodities they send abroad are Rich Furs Hemp Flax Fish Train Oyl Honey Wax Pitch Rosin and the like receiving in return Cloth Silk Tapstery and some other Merchandize Without this Bay Lapland on the Coast of Lapland Finmark and Norway are Kola Kegor near unto which Sir Hugh Willoughby with his Company in the Bon Esperanza attempting first the discovery of unknown Places in this Icy Sea were frozen to death next are Wardhouse and the North-Cape so called because it is the out-most Northern bound of the Continent of Europe Dronten Norway in the Latin Nidrosia so called from the River Nider on which it is seated antiently the Metropolis of Norway but since the subjection of this Countrey to the Danes reduced to a Burrough Bergen the principal Town of this Countrey the ordinary Residence of the Governour for the Kings of Denmark strongly scituate amongst high Mountains at the bottom of a deep Creek or Arm of the German Ocean called Carmfunt a safe and noted Port much resorted to by Merchants of most European Nations bringing thither Corn Bread Beer Wine and Brandy to supply the natural wants and defects hereof and in exchange transporting Fish Furrs Boards Cordage Masts and other Materials for Shipping Then Longsound Ansloo Maelstrand and Gottenburgh noted for the multitude of Herrings thereabout Not far from hence is the entrance into the Baltick-Sea which beginneth at the narrow Passage called the Sound Sound and interlacing the Countries of Denmark Swedland Poland and Germany extending even to Livonia and Lithuania The Islands whereof are many in number the chief are Zealand Funen Langeland Laland Baltick-Sea Falstre Alsen Meun Rugen Bornholm Oeland Gothland Osel Dageroort Runen and Hoogeland The chief Ports and Places of note bordering on the Sea are Elsenore strongly seated on that narrow Streight or Fretum not above a Dutch mile in breadth commonly called by the name of the Sound Over against which on the other side is Elsengburgh a streight through which all Ships that have any trading to or from the Baltick-Sea must of necessity take their course all other Passages being either barred up with impassable Rocks or otherwise prohibited by the Kings of Denmark upon forfeiture of all their Goods Copenbagen or Haven of Merchants placed by the Sea in the same Island of Zealand being a convenient Port This and the magnificent Castle of Cronenburgh near Elsenore being the constant Residence of the Kings of Denmark The next are Slesbourgh Elholm Calmar Swedland Zuiddercoppen Nordcoppen Nycoppen Stockholm the Metropolis and chief trading Port of Swedland and a place worthy observation for Merchandize exceeding strong both by Art and Nature being situate in the Marishes like Venice at the Mouth of the Lake or River Meler the passage to it out of the Bay being very narrow and yet so deep withal that the greatest Ships of burthen may sayl up to the City the Port within the Sreight being so safe and capacious that it is able at one time to receive 300 Sayl which usually ride there without Anchor Next upsal an Arch-Bishops Sea and University placed not far from the Bay of Bodnar called also Sinus Bodicus or the North Bottom North-Bottom a long and not much frequented Sea which from the Latitude of 60 extends it self even to the Corsts of Lapland and Finmark Places of note are few worthy observation the chief Birkara in West Bodden betwixt the Bay and a great navigable Lake Toronia the best place of Trade seated at the very bottom of the Bay in North Bodden Helsingeliac more North than that towards the Borders of Lapland Kerlabi in East Bodden on the Bank of the Gulf conveniently seated for a Town of Trade The Countrey is but barely stored with Grain and Fruits but full of great variety of Wild Beasts whose Rich Furrs yeeld great profit to the Inhabitants and by reason of the commodious situation on all sides of the Bay well stored with Fish At the South-east part of this Bay is the Island Erk near to the Town Aboo from whence all alongst the Shores Eastward on the South side of Finland the Coast is exceeding dangerous and for the most part innavigable because of the innumerable multitude of Islands Shoals and Rocks the greatest of which is called the Pelting even as far as Wyborg a Town conveniently seated at the bottom of the Bay or Gulf of Finland called Sinus Finnicus Over against which is Narva on the North Bank of Duina where it falls into the Bay of Finland the only place of Trade Liesland into Moscovia or Russia through the Baltick Revel a well traded Port situate in the same Bay which together with Wyborg and the Narve are now in the possession of the King of Swedland The next Port of note is Riga a famous Empory Poland of great resort for Forreign Merchants who carry hence Pitch Wax Hemp Flax and such other Commodities Dantzick seated on the Weyssel second of the Hanse-Towns of so great Trade such a noted Granary for all sorts of Corn issued from thence to supply the want of other Countreys that 1000 measures of Wheat besides all other Commodities proportionable are here daily sold Stetin once a poor Fisher-Town now the Metropolis of Pomeren Pomeren Straelsond a Town of much Trading and great resort situate on the Baltick opposite to the Isle of Rugen Rostock next in reputation of all the Hanse-Towns to Lubeck and Dantzick large rich and much frequented by all sorts of Merchants Wismar and Lubeck seated on the confluence of the Trave and Billow near the fall thereof into the Baltick a River capable of Ships of 1000 tuns which commonly they unlade at Travemond the Port Town of the City a little lower nearer the Sea an enfranchized Town being the principal among the Hanse-Towns On the Coasts of Jutland Jutland being a Peninsula between the Baltick Sea and German Ocean on the east parts whereof there is another passage into the Baltick Sea called the Belt Belt but not so much frequented as the Sound formerly spoken of The chief Towns and Places are Flenborg having a Port so deep so safe and so commodious that they may lade and unlade their great Ships in a manner close by their Houses The other are Hadersleve Sternbergh Sleswick Wyborg and Odensee in Funen Arhusen and Schagen the most northerly point of Jutland On the Coast of Germany contiguate with the
others And St. Georges Fort built by the English at the Mouth of the River Sagahadar Adjoyning hereunto lyeth Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Nova Francia or Canadie and the small Peninsula called Accadia betwixt the Bay of St. Lawrence where the great River Canada falleth into the Gulf and the main Sea The noted places are Port Royal St. Lukes Port au Montou Gaspe Gachepe St. Croiz Franco Roy and St. Lewis The Commodities are chiefly Furs c. Not far to the eastward hereof lyeth the Isle of Sables At the most Eastern part of America Septentrionalis lyeth New-found-land New-found-Land an Island separated from the Main or Terra Corterialis by a Frith or Strait called Gulf de Casteaux furnished on the Sea-Coast with abundance of Cod-fish and other Fish for the catching of which Ships of many Countreys frequent that place having also many large and convenient Havens as Rennosa Fair-Haven Thorn-Bay Trinity-Bay Bonavist White-Bay Port Trespass St. Georges Bay St. Jones c. The Air of this Countrey never very extream more temperate in the depth of Winter than with us in England the Brooks being never so frozen over that the Ice is able to bear a Dog and those little Frosts but seldom holding three nights together Before the Island lyeth that long Bank extending in length some hundred of leagues near to which are many little Islands called by John Cabot Bacalos peculiar now to one onely from the numerous multitude of Cod-fish which swarmed hereabout Betwixt Cape de Gumay in Terra Corterialis and the Capes Farewel and Desolation near Groenland lyeth the two Sraits named Fretum Davis Fretum Davis Fretum Hudson and Fretum Hudson so called from the first Discoverers a Sea dilating it self much both towards the North South and West giving great Hopes thereby of a Passage to China and the East-Indies And therefore notwithstanding the Ice Fogs and other Incumbrances searched into by many English Worthies as Frobrsher Davis Weymouth Hudson Button Baffin Smith James Gillam and others who have sailed therein some one way and some another and given names to many places viz. King James his Cape Queen-Ann's Cape Prince Henry's Foreland Saddel Island Barren Island Redgoose Island Digs his Island Hackluits Headland Smiths Bay Prince Ruperts River Maudlin Sound Fair-haven and many others even from James his Bay on the South at the bottom whereof Hudson wintered in the latitude of 51 degrees to Baffins Bay on the North lying in the latitude of 79 degrees and to the westward as far as Port Nelson where Sir Thomas Button wintered being more westerly than Mr. Hudsons Bay by 190 leagues and near as far towards the West as Cape California in Mar del Zur where finding the Tyde continually to rise every twelve hours fifteen foot or more and that a West Wind did make the Neap Tydes equal to the Spring Tydes finding also the Tydes to set sometimes eastwards sometimes westwards gave good hope to Mr. Hubard who made the Plat thereof of a through Passage called therefore Hubards Hope And in the year 1667 a very honourable and worthy Design was renewed and undertaken for the discovery of this North-West Passage and setling a Trade with the Indians in those Parts by several of the Nobility of England and divers Merchants of note belonging to the City of London who fitted out two small Vessels for that purpose the one called the Nonsuch Ketch Captain Zachariah Gillam Commander the other the Eaglet Ketch Captain Staniard Commander the latter whereof being by stormy Weather beaten back returned home without success but the other proceeding on her Voyage in her way made the Land of Buss lying betwixt Iseland and Groenland passed through Hudsons Straits then into Baffins Bay from thence southerly into the Great Bay where in the latitude of fifty one degrees or thereabouts in a River now called Ruperts River he wintered found a friendly correspondence and civil entertainment with the Natives traded with them in exchange of Bever-Skins c. for Knives Beads Looking-Glasses Hatchets and other trivial Commodities and the next year returned with good success and future hopes of an excellent Trade in those parts giving invitation thereby to the aforesaid Noblemen and Merchants to adventure again Anno 1669. Which Voyage being not yet performed leaves us ignorant both of the Places and Trade thereof save what is already known undiscover'd till the conclusion of the Voyage Groenland called by the Natives Secanunga Groenland is that last part of America which remains onely to be spoken of a Countrey as is supposed but thinly inhabited and by reason of the abundance of Ice and inhospitableness of the People little frequented and consequently not so well known as to give a perfect description thereof for notwithstanding several Voyages have been made thither on purpose many Ships have accidentally touched upon the Coasts thereof in pursuance of the N. W. Discoveries yet for the causes aforesaid the Countrey lies still obscured in a Northern Mist being to us almost altogether unknown unless the names of certain Bayes Capes and such like as Whale-sound Horn-sound Rombels-ford Conningham Gilberts-sound Cocking-ford Cape Comfort Cape Desolation all within the Streight Cape Farewel Cape Discord Leister-point Warwick-Foreland Hernolds-Ness Bereford not far from the West part of Iseland and several others South-westward from Iseland about 140 leagues lyeth an Island called Buss Buss in the latitude of 57 degrees 35 minutes not yet fully discovered but only as it hath been accidentally seen by some who upon other Discoveries have occasionally passed those Seas as Captain Gillam in his first Voyage to the North-West Passage had Soundings near unto it From Iseland about 135 leagues North-eastwards in the latitude of seventy one degrees lyeth an Island called Trinity Island Trinity Island the North-East Point whereof is named Youngs-Foreland a place formerly much frequented by the Dutch for their Whale-fishing the Land is very high full of Rocks and Mountains one especially much higher than the rest called Bears Mountain Thus briefly have I touched at and as it were onely named the Sea-Coasts of most of the known Parts of the World which may serve as an entrance to the succeeding Sea-Atlas commending the Discovery of such parts as are yet unknown to the search of Posterity The Discoveries that have been made within this two hundred years by the Worthies of our own Nation as well as Strangers CHristopher Columbus the Genoes first determinately attempted to seek after and in the year 1492 prosperously discovered the great Cominent of America John Cabot a Venetian and his Son Sir Sebastian born in England succeeded Columbus in that famous Attempt and discovered all the North Coasts thereof from Cape Florida to New-found-Land But Americus Vesputius in discovering some of the South Parts thereof obtained the honour of having the whole Continent called by his Name America Ferdinando Magellan Anno 1519. was the first that found out that Strait towards the