their_o bishop_n see_v munstet_fw-la munstet_fw-la it_o will_v the_o better_o have_v become_v they_o who_o take_v arm_n against_o their_o own_o prince_n for_o their_o liberty_n to_o have_v assist_v their_o neighbour_n in_o a_o like_a attempt_n 14._o the_o knight_n of_o germany_n be_v not_o all_o germany_n the_o knight_n of_o germany_n in_o the_o same_o condition_n part_n of_o they_o be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o empire_n and_o another_o part_n be_v under_o the_o subordinate_a state_n who_o be_v their_o lord_n they_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o class_n call_v themselves_o the_o free_a noble_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o conjunct_a immediate_a and_o free_a nobility_n of_o the_o empire_n these_o according_a to_o the_o respective_a circuit_n in_o which_o their_o estate_n be_v stand_v divide_v into_o three_o class_n of_o class_n divide_v into_o three_o class_n franconia_n schwaben_n and_o the_o rhine_n which_o be_v again_o subdivide_v into_o lesser_a division_n they_o have_v of_o their_o own_o order_n certain_a director_n and_o assessor_n who_o take_v care_n of_o those_o affair_n which_o concern_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o this_o order_n and_o if_o any_o thing_n of_o great_a moment_n happen_v they_o call_v a_o general_a convention_n but_o then_o they_o have_v no_o place_n in_o the_o diet._n but_o they_o have_v no_o vote_n in_o the_o diet._n diet_n which_o they_o look_v on_o as_o a_o privilege_n for_o the_o save_n of_o the_o expense_n necessary_a in_o such_o a_o attendance_n and_o in_o truth_n it_o will_v be_v no_o great_a advantage_n to_o they_o to_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o diet_n to_o give_v their_o vote_n in_o all_o other_o thing_n they_o enjoy_v the_o same_o liberty_n and_o right_n with_o the_o other_o prince_n and_o free_a state_n so_o that_o they_o be_v inferior_a to_o the_o prince_n in_o nothing_o but_o wealth_n to_o recompense_v this_o they_o have_v great_a advantage_n from_o the_o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n and_o cathedral_n church_n in_o which_o they_o be_v canon_n and_o by_o this_o way_n many_o of_o they_o become_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n they_o that_o obtain_v this_o honour_n have_v learned_a by_o the_o pope_n example_n to_o take_v good_a care_n of_o their_o family_n and_o relation_n and_o beside_o there_o be_v a_o wonderful_a satisfaction_n in_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o great_a revenue_n with_o small_a labour_n for_o they_o employ_v their_o curate_n or_o vicar_n to_o make_v a_o noise_n in_o their_o church_n so_o that_o they_o be_v in_o no_o peril_n of_o spoil_v their_o voice_n by_o any_o thing_n but_o intemperance_n and_o as_o to_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o live_v unmarried_a their_o concubine_n which_o be_v not_o want_v cure_v they_o those_o that_o make_v themselves_o eunuch_n for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n very_o scarce_o in_o germany_n and_o it_o be_v almost_o as_o infamous_a in_o a_o nobleman_n to_o be_v continent_n as_o not_o to_o love_v dog_n and_o horse_n i_o have_v hear_v some_o of_o they_o complain_v that_o some_o of_o the_o prince_n have_v a_o apparent_a disgust_n at_o their_o privilege_n and_o look_v upon_o they_o with_o a_o evil_a eye_n because_o live_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o territory_n they_o enjoy_v such_o large_a exemption_n and_o other_o say_v such_o vast_a number_n of_o small_a royolet_n do_v much_o weaken_v the_o empire_n in_o which_o they_o be_v suffer_v and_o if_o a_o foreign_a war_n happen_v they_o become_v a_o easy_a prey_n to_o the_o invader_n yet_o for_o all_o this_o these_o gentleman_n will_v not_o part_v with_o a_o certain_a liberty_n for_o a_o uncertain_a hazard_n or_o danger_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prince_n will_v not_o suffer_v so_o considerable_a a_o addition_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o power_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o prince_n they_o live_v under_o except_o some_o great_a revolution_n open_v a_o way_n to_o this_o change_n or_o by_o length_n of_o time_n and_o crafty_a project_n their_o estate_n be_v waste_v and_o consume_v 15._o we_o must_v here_o in_o a_o few_o word_n circle_n the_o empire_n be_v divide_v into_o ten_o circle_n admonish_v the_o reader_n that_o this_o vast_a body_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o the_o appointment_n of_o maximilian_n i._o in_o the_o year_n 1512_o be_v divide_v into_o ten_o circle_n the_o name_n of_o which_o be_v these_o austria_z mentz_n trier_n cologne_n and_o the_o palatinate_n call_v the_o low_a circle_n of_o the_o rhine_n the_o upper_a circle_n of_o the_o rhine_n schwaben_n bavaria_n franconia_n the_o upper_a and_o low_a saxony_n westphalia_n that_o of_o burgundy_n the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n with_o the_o province_n of_o silesia_n and_o moravia_n belong_v not_o to_o any_o of_o these_o circle_n which_o yield_v we_o a_o clear_a proof_n that_o it_o be_v rather_o unite_v to_o germany_n by_o a_o kind_n of_o league_n than_o a_o part_n of_o that_o empire_n to_o which_o of_o these_o circle_n any_o place_n belong_v may_v be_v find_v in_o common_a book_n every_o where_o to_o be_v have_v this_o division_n be_v make_v for_o the_o more_o easy_a preservation_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o the_o execution_n of_o justice_n against_o contumacious_a state_n and_o prince_n to_o which_o end_n each_o of_o they_o have_v power_n to_o name_v a_o general_n for_o the_o command_a their_o force_n and_o the_o appoint_v their_o diet_n in_o which_o the_o principal_a prince_n in_o the_o circle_n for_o the_o most_o part_n preside_v in_o which_o they_o take_v care_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o circle_n and_o for_o the_o levy_n money_n for_o the_o public_a use_n yet_o a_o man_n may_v well_o question_v whether_o this_o division_n do_v not_o tend_v more_o to_o the_o distraction_n and_o weaken_n of_o germany_n than_o its_o preservation_n the_o whole_a body_n be_v by_o this_o mean_n make_v less_o sensible_a and_o less_o regardful_a of_o the_o calamity_n which_o oppress_v or_o endanger_v the_o part_n of_o it_o and_o threaten_v though_o at_o a_o distance_n the_o ruin_n of_o the_o whole_a thus_o much_o of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o by_o what_o degree_n they_o arrive_v to_o that_o power_n they_o now_o have_v 1._o for_o the_o attain_n a_o accurate_a knowledge_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o inquire_v by_o what_o step_v those_o that_o be_v call_v the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n arrive_v to_o the_o power_n they_o now_o possess_v for_o without_o this_o it_o will_v not_o be_v possible_a to_o see_v what_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n that_o this_o state_n take_v such_o a_o irregular_a form_n now_o these_o state_n be_v secular_a prince_n earls_z bishop_n and_o city_n of_o the_o rise_v of_o each_o of_o which_o we_o will_v discourse_v brief_o the_o secular_a prince_n be_v duke_n or_o earl_n who_o have_v earl_n the_o secular_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v either_o duke_n or_o earl_n to_o these_o title_n some_o other_o add_v in_o the_o german_a tongue_n viz._n pfaltzgrave_n landtgrave_n marggrave_n and_o burggrave_n for_o to_o the_o best_a of_o my_o remembrance_n none_o of_o the_o ancient_a prince_n except_o he_o of_o anhalt_n have_v the_o simple_a style_n of_o a_o prince_n without_o one_o of_o these_o addition_n yet_o some_o of_o they_o use_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n among_o their_o other_o title_n thus_o they_o of_o austria_n be_v style_v prince_n of_o schwaben_n the_o duke_n of_o pomerania_n now_o under_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n the_o prince_n of_o rugen_n the_o landtgrave_n of_o hussia_n and_o hersfield_n etc._n etc._n 2._o among_o the_o ancient_a german_n before_o they_o as_o the_o old_a german_a duke_n military_a officer_n as_o be_v subdue_v by_o the_o frank_n a_o duke_n be_v a_o mere_a military_a officer_n as_o appeareth_z plain_o by_o the_o german_a word_n heerzog_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v choose_v on_o the_o account_n of_o their_o valour_n when_o a_o war_n be_v come_v upon_o they_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n those_o that_o govern_v peace_n their_o greven_n or_o earl_n be_v judge_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n they_o and_o exercise_v jurisdiction_n and_o govern_v their_o city_n district_n and_o village_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o be_v call_v greven_n or_o graven_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o precedent_n though_o the_o latin_a word_n come_v be_v more_o often_o use_v for_o it_o because_o from_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a downward_o those_o who_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o ministry_n or_o service_n of_o the_o court_n in_o the_o command_n of_o the_o force_n disperse_v in_o the_o several_a province_n of_o the_o empire_n or_o in_o administer_a justice_n and_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n be_v all_o style_v comites_fw-la after_o this_o when_o the_o
trade_n give_v they_o great_a security_n and_o by_o consequence_n make_v they_o populous_a and_o rich_a the_o principal_a of_o these_o league_n be_v that_o make_v by_o the_o city_n on_o the_o rhine_n in_o the_o year_n 1255_o in_o which_o some_o prince_n desire_v to_o be_v include_v the_o hanse_v league_n be_v chief_o make_v on_o the_o account_n of_o maritime_a commerce_n and_o grow_v to_o that_o height_n of_o power_n that_o they_o become_v terrible_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n england_n and_o denmark_n but_o then_o after_o the_o year_n 1500._o it_o become_v contemptible_a because_o the_o lesser_a city_n when_o they_o find_v the_o great_a get_v all_o the_o profit_n fall_v general_o off_o and_o desert_v they_o and_o the_o nation_n upon_o the_o ocean_n and_o baltic_a sea_n by_o their_o example_n begin_v about_o the_o same_o time_n also_o to_o encourage_v trade_n in_o their_o own_o subject_n especial_o the_o english_a flandrian_o and_o hollander_n thus_o their_o monopoly_n fail_v their_o strength_n fall_v with_o it_o 10._o though_o in_o the_o begin_n the_o city_n germany_n the_o city_n at_o first_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n or_o emperor_n of_o germany_n be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n than_o the_o village_n yet_o they_o be_v no_o less_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n or_o emperor_n than_o they_o and_o these_o prince_n take_v care_n to_o have_v justice_n exercise_v in_o they_o by_o their_o count_n or_o depute_a judge_n as_o they_o call_v they_o after_o this_o by_o the_o enormous_a and_o imprudent_a liberality_n of_o the_o emperor_n many_o of_o the_o city_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o bishop_n other_o to_o the_o duke_n and_o count_n and_o the_o rest_n remain_v as_o before_o only_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n in_o the_o xii_o century_n they_o begin_v to_o take_v more_o liberty_n as_o they_o find_v they_o can_v rely_v upon_o their_o riches_n because_o the_o emperor_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o intestine_a war_n be_v not_o able_a then_o to_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o due_a obedience_n some_o prince_n be_v but_o just_a advance_v to_o the_o imperial_a dignity_n and_o so_o be_v force_v also_o to_o purchase_v the_o favour_n and_o assistance_n of_o the_o great_a city_n by_o the_o grant_n of_o new_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n that_o they_o may_v employ_v they_o as_o a_o bulwark_n against_o their_o refractory_a bishop_n and_o prince_n after_o this_o by_o degree_n they_o shake_v off_o the_o emperor_n advocate_n the_o succeed_a emperor_n observe_v also_o that_o the_o bishop_n employ_v their_o wealth_n against_o they_o encourage_v the_o city_n to_o oppose_v the_o bishop_n the_o duke_n of_o schwaben_n fail_v many_o small_a city_n in_o the_o dukedom_n catch_v hasty_o at_o the_o opportunity_n of_o be_v make_v free_a yet_o they_o do_v not_o obtain_v their_o freedom_n all_o at_o once_o but_o one_o after_o another_o as_o they_o can_v gain_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o that_o be_v one_o reason_n that_o they_o have_v not_o all_o the_o same_o privilege_n and_o some_o of_o they_o want_v a_o part_n of_o the_o regalia_z to_o this_o day_n some_o of_o they_o buy_v these_o privilege_n of_o their_o duke_n or_o bishop_n and_o other_o shake_v they_o off_o by_o force_n and_o then_o enter_v into_o treaty_n for_o the_o purge_v that_o iniquity_n for_o when_o these_o prince_n be_v poor_a or_o low_a their_o last_o remedy_n be_v to_o sell_v the_o rich_a of_o their_o subject_n their_o liberty_n and_o other_o when_o they_o see_v they_o can_v no_o long_o keep_v they_o in_o subjection_n take_v what_o they_o can_v get_v from_o they_o and_o be_v unwilling_o content_v with_o it_o chap._n iu._n of_o the_o head_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n the_o emperor_n and_o of_o the_o election_n and_o the_o elector_n 1._o though_o germany_n consist_v of_o so_o many_o germany_n the_o emperor_n the_o head_n of_o germany_n member_n many_o of_o which_o be_v great_a and_o perfect_a state_n yet_o it_o have_v at_o all_o time_n except_v the_o interregnum_n which_o have_v happen_v since_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v unite_v to_o one_o head_n which_o the_o ancient_n only_o call_v their_o king_n the_o late_a age_n by_o the_o more_o ambition_n title_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n and_o caesar_n and_o upon_o the_o sole_a account_n of_o this_o head_n it_o have_v seem_v to_o the_o most_o of_o man_n to_o be_v one_o single_a simple_a state_n and_o my_o next_o business_n be_v to_o show_v how_o this_o head_n be_v constitute_v or_o appoint_v but_o than_o it_o will_v be_v worth_a my_o while_n by_o way_n of_o introduction_n to_o represent_v this_o affair_n from_o its_o rise_n that_o it_o may_v the_o more_o clear_o appear_v how_o much_o the_o present_n differ_v from_o the_o ancient_a election_n and_o what_o be_v the_o true_a original_a of_o the_o electoral_a prince_n as_o to_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o his_o posterity_n the_o roman_a empire_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v to_o be_v several_o and_o distinct_o consider_v the_o pope_n the_o empire_n of_o the_o roman_n pretend_o give_v by_o the_o pope_n first_o of_o these_o be_v collate_v upon_o charles_n by_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o principal_a member_n of_o that_o empire_n or_o rather_o as_o upon_o one_o who_o plain_o design_v to_o make_v himself_o emperor_n and_o that_o as_o appear_v in_o a_o hereditary_a way_n so_o that_o the_o crown_v his_o successor_n have_v not_o the_o force_n of_o a_o new_a and_o free_a election_n but_o of_o a_o solemn_a inaguration_n for_o we_o read_v that_o charles_n the_o great_a make_v lewis_n his_o son_n and_o lewis_n make_v also_o lotharius_n his_o son_n their_o consort_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o their_o ask_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o pope_n or_o of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n on_o either_o of_o these_o occasion_n but_o then_o as_o to_o the_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o france_n we_o can_v affirm_v that_o it_o be_v either_o mere_o elective_a or_o mere_o hereditary_a but_o a_o mixture_n of_o both_o for_o we_o read_v frequent_o that_o the_o elective_a the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n morchereditary_a than_o elective_a king_n of_o france_n be_v constitute_v by_o the_o consent_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o whole_a people_n of_o france_n but_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n yet_o that_o they_o never_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o line_n of_o the_o dead_a king_n but_o for_o very_o great_a reason_n which_o kind_n of_o election_n be_v as_o we_o know_v still_o observe_v in_o poland_n yet_o he_o that_o shall_v curious_o observe_v it_o shall_v find_v france_n have_v more_o of_o a_o successive_a than_o of_o a_o elective_a kingdom_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v collate_v on_o the_o first_o of_o the_o race_n with_o a_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v transmit_v it_o to_o his_o posterity_n unless_o they_o appear_v to_o the_o people_n very_o unworthy_a of_o it_o so_o that_o the_o child_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n do_v not_o so_o much_o gain_v a_o new_a right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n by_o this_o approbation_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n as_o a_o declaration_n that_o they_o be_v not_o uncapable_a of_o succeed_a by_o the_o right_n that_o be_v at_o first_o collate_v on_o they_o afterward_o the_o line_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v depose_v or_o reject_v and_o deny_v the_o throne_n of_o france_n the_o kingdom_n of_o germany_n or_o as_o they_o then_o call_v it_o the_o east_n kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v by_o the_o most_o free_a consent_n of_o conrade_n germany_n give_v free_o to_o otho_n and_o after_o to_o conrade_n the_o nobility_n give_v to_o otho_n the_o saxon_a who_o excuse_v himself_o on_o the_o account_n of_o his_o age_n by_o his_o advice_n conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n be_v by_o they_o choose_v king_n of_o germany_n who_o be_v as_o some_o think_v of_o the_o line_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a by_o his_o counsel_n also_o afterward_o henry_n the_o falconer_n son_n of_o otho_n duke_n of_o saxony_n be_v by_o a_o free_a election_n advance_v to_o that_o kingdom_n who_o be_v content_v with_o germany_n will_v not_o accept_v the_o title_n of_o emperor_n though_o the_o pope_n offer_v it_o to_o he_o but_o otho_n the_o great_a his_o son_n have_v subdue_v italy_n so_o unite_v rome_n and_o ever_o the_o empire_n of_o rome_n unite_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o germany_n for_o ever_o the_o land_n of_o the_o church_n to_o germany_n that_o from_o thenceforward_o he_o that_o have_v the_o kingdom_n of_o germany_n without_o any_o new_a election_n shall_v be_v emperor_n of_o rome_n the_o crown_n by_o the_o pope_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o solemnity_n though_o before_o this_o ceremony_n the_o king_n of_o germany_n have_v not_o usual_o use_v the_o title_n of_o emperor_n the_o same_o form_n of_o succession_n hereupon_o be_v use_v in_o germany_n which_o
though_o a_o holy_a person_n be_v then_o consider_v as_o one_o out_o of_o the_o bound_n of_o germany_n and_o so_o not_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o 15._o in_o all_o these_o thing_n in_o process_n and_o length_n of_o time_n almost_o every_o thing_n be_v time_n the_o old_a form_n change_v in_o after_o time_n change_v after_o the_o golden_a bull_n the_o elector_n take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o the_o royal_a case_n and_o the_o pope_n assume_v to_o himself_o so_o great_a power_n on_o that_o account_n that_o he_o make_v no_o scruple_n to_o excommunicate_v the_o emperor_n and_o declare_v that_o their_o subject_n be_v free_a from_o the_o obligation_n of_o their_o allegiance_n to_o they_o and_o he_o bold_o say_v the_o emperor_n be_v his_o vassal_n and_o the_o empire_n a_o fee_n which_o belong_v to_o his_o see_n as_o to_o the_o prince_n suit_n or_o case_n this_o be_v ever_o observe_v from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o french_a monarchy_n that_o they_o be_v never_o determine_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n alone_o but_o be_v always_o decide_v in_o a_o convention_n of_o the_o nobility_n upon_o a_o simple_a and_o short_a process_n according_a to_o equity_n and_o good_a conscience_n and_o even_o in_o the_o first_o age_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n if_o any_o of_o the_o emperor_n assume_v a_o power_n single_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o fee_n belong_v to_o any_o of_o the_o prince_n the_o more_o courageous_a of_o they_o always_o protest_v against_o it_o yea_o if_o all_o the_o testimony_n we_o have_v be_v lose_v the_o very_a form_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n or_o its_o constitution_n do_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o thing_n of_o that_o consequence_n which_o these_o suit_n be_v of_o ought_v not_o by_o it_o to_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o single_a judgement_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v notorious_o guilty_a of_o palpable_a flattery_n who_o pretend_v that_o this_o judgement_n of_o the_o case_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o the_o german_n call_v das_n furstenrecht_n be_v a_o mere_a pretence_n but_o then_o it_o be_v long_o after_o these_o time_n that_o these_o inferior_a prince_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o judge_v arbitrary_o of_o the_o case_n of_o their_o own_o vassal_n which_o be_v do_v only_o by_o some_o family_n and_o imitate_v by_o the_o free_a imperial_a city_n as_o to_o their_o subject_n the_o german_n call_v these_o count_n in_o their_o language_n austrega_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a they_o begin_v about_o the_o time_n of_o frederick_n and_o the_o great_a interregnum_fw-la those_o that_o trust_v more_o to_o their_o power_n or_o force_n than_o to_o the_o justice_n of_o their_o cause_n will_v commit_v the_o trial_n of_o it_o to_o the_o sword_n it_o be_v also_o a_o late_a practice_n which_o have_v be_v take_v up_o by_o some_o of_o our_o late_a emperor_n and_o prince_n to_o refer_v the_o case_n depend_v to_o their_o minister_n and_o profess_a lawyer_n rather_o than_o to_o give_v themselves_o the_o trouble_n of_o hear_v they_o but_o then_o this_o become_v necessary_a when_o instead_o of_o a_o few_o plain_a country_n custom_n we_o have_v introduce_v the_o intricate_a papal_a and_o civil_a law_n which_o it_o will_v have_v be_v the_o utmost_a punishment_n to_o have_v put_v the_o prince_n to_o the_o trouble_n of_o learning_n 16._o as_o to_o the_o churchman_n they_o innovate_v churchman_n the_o innovation_n bring_v in_o by_o the_o churchman_n in_o these_o particular_n by_o degree_n they_o draw_v all_o the_o personal_a case_n of_o the_o bishop_n to_o the_o pope_n tribunal_n utter_o destroy_v thereby_o all_o the_o authority_n of_o metropolitan_n and_o synod_n and_o they_o take_v from_o the_o laity_n all_o right_n of_o judge_v in_o any_o case_n a_o clergyman_n this_o be_v by_o the_o protestant_n return_v to_o the_o ancient_a method_n but_o by_o the_o roman_a catholic_n still_o retain_v though_o charles_n v_n and_o some_o other_o prince_n since_o have_v to_o the_o great_a vexation_n of_o the_o pope_n order_v some_o thing_n pertain_v to_o religion_n and_o punish_v some_o clergyman_n for_o great_a offence_n too_o in_o the_o time_n also_o of_o frederick_n two_o and_o those_o that_o follow_v the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n assume_v to_o themselves_o the_o free_a administration_n or_o management_n of_o their_o own_o church-estate_n and_o shake_v off_o their_o advocate_n of_o vicedam_n yet_o still_o the_o ecclesiastical_a state_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o empire_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o fee_n and_o other_o regalia_n of_o which_o they_o may_v be_v deprive_v if_o they_o act_v any_o thing_n insolent_o against_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o monk_n as_o to_o their_o person_n be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n from_o who_o some_o ancient_a monastery_n be_v exempt_v and_o be_v put_v immediate_o under_o the_o pope_n the_o new_a order_n which_o have_v arisen_a since_o the_o xiii_o century_n be_v only_o subject_a to_o their_o provincial_n and_o general_n and_o only_o acknowledge_v the_o pope_n jurisdiction_n as_o their_o supreme_a ordinary_n the_o administration_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o abbey_n be_v at_o first_o commit_v to_o advocate_n from_o which_o dependence_n in_o length_n of_o time_n some_o house_n be_v exempt_v but_o the_o great_a part_n have_v still_o remain_v in_o the_o same_o state_n they_o be_v at_o first_o and_o some_o few_o of_o they_o be_v free_a from_o all_o public_a tax_n and_o charge_n 17._o the_o secular_a case_n of_o the_o mean_a people_n manage_v secular_a case_n how_o manage_v be_v hear_v in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a either_o in_o the_o secular_a court_n or_o by_o the_o bishop_n in_o his_o consistory_n which_o late_a way_n have_v since_o be_v much_o extend_v beyond_o what_o it_o be_v at_o first_o these_o be_v first_o as_o to_o the_o secular_a court_n to_o make_v their_o complaint_n to_o the_o scabin_n which_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v appoint_v in_o all_o the_o pagi_n hundred_o and_o village_n from_o he_o they_o may_v appeal_v to_o the_o grave_n or_o comites_fw-la earl_n or_o sheriff_n who_o jurisdiction_n be_v after_o usurp_v by_o many_o duke_n and_o bishop_n from_o the_o count_n or_o grave_n they_o have_v a_o appeal_n to_o the_o itinerary_a messenger_n or_o judge_n send_v into_o the_o province_n by_o the_o king_n and_o from_o they_o to_o the_o king_n himself_o who_o in_o his_o court_n make_v a_o final_a determination_n of_o all_o case_n but_o in_o the_o xv._o century_n when_o appeal_n become_v very_o frequent_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o bring_n in_o the_o tedious_a form_n and_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o rabble_n for_o the_o more_o commodious_a determine_v these_o it_o be_v resolve_v to_o erect_v a_o certain_a fix_a tribunal_n or_o court_n which_o appeal_n the_o chamber_n of_o spire_n erect_v for_o appeal_n be_v at_o last_o settle_v at_o spire_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v not_o because_o the_o imperial_a court_n be_v too_o ambulatory_a or_o unsettled_a but_o because_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o these_o case_n may_v most_o convenient_o be_v determine_v in_o a_o place_n set_v apart_o for_o that_o end_n the_o french_a in_o wetzlar_n since_o remove_v to_o wetzlar_n the_o year_n 1688_o have_v seize_v spire_n the_o diet_n in_o the_o year_n 1689_o agree_v this_o court_n shall_v be_v settle_v for_o the_o future_a at_o westlar_n wetzlar_n a_o city_n of_o hassia_n seven_o german_a mile_n from_o frankford_n to_o the_o north_n and_o about_o fifteen_o from_o cologne_n to_o the_o s._n e._n which_o be_v approve_v by_o the_o emperor_n commissioner_n be_v appoint_v to_o adjust_a all_o thing_n for_o the_o open_v this_o court_n there_o and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a it_o will_v never_o be_v return_v back_o to_o spire_n that_o city_n be_v too_o much_o expose_v to_o the_o insult_v of_o the_o french_a who_o when_o they_o please_v can_v seize_v the_o record_n of_o this_o court_n to_o the_o inestimable_a damage_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o beside_o the_o french_a have_v before_o burn_v and_o destroy_v the_o whole_a town_n of_o spire_n not_o leave_v any_o thing_n stand_v in_o it_o that_o fire_n and_o gunpowder_n can_v fetch_v down_o 18._o the_o modern_a way_n of_o trial_n now_o receive_v process_n the_o present_a form_n of_o process_n in_o germany_n be_v thus_o when_o any_o private_a person_n commence_v a_o suit_n against_o another_o of_o the_o same_o quality_n he_o in_o the_o first_o instance_n go_v to_o the_o praetor_n schahin_n of_o the_o city_n or_o village_n in_o which_o he_o live_v except_o the_o defendant_n be_v some_o way_n privilege_v above_o the_o schahin_n there_o be_v in_o all_o the_o principality_n which_o i_o have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o some_o superior_a court_n which_o be_v common_a to_o the_o whole_a province_n which_o they_o call_v the_o
that_o not_o only_o the_o country_n possess_v by_o the_o old_a german_a nation_n be_v all_o reduce_v under_o his_o obedience_n but_o all_o those_o that_o lay_v upon_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o that_o part_n of_o poland_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n of_o the_o vistula_n which_o be_v then_o inhabit_v by_o the_o sclave_n for_o history_n say_v they_o also_o be_v either_o tributary_n to_o that_o prince_n or_o majestatem_fw-la comiter_fw-la coluisse_fw-la be_v homager_n to_o his_o crown_n 6._o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o german_a be_v of_o what_o nation_n charles_n the_o great_a be_v writer_n have_v very_o fond_o endeavour_v to_o have_v it_o believe_v he_o be_v their_o countryman_n as_o be_v bear_v at_o ingelheim_n a_o town_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o mentz_n but_o now_o under_o the_o elector_n palatine_n and_o in_o a_o ancient_a charter_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o fuld_n the_o land_n upon_o the_o river_n unstrut_v in_o thure_v be_v call_v the_o land_n of_o his_o conception_n and_o that_o he_o use_v the_o german_a tongue_n be_v apparent_a by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o month_n use_v in_o his_o time_n which_o be_v still_o retain_v in_o germany_n and_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v introduce_v by_o he_o but_o if_o the_o german_n will_v suffer_v i_o a_o foreigner_n to_o pass_v my_o judgement_n in_o this_o affair_n though_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o dispose_v to_o favour_v the_o french_a in_o their_o other_o pretence_n to_o the_o damage_n of_o the_o german_n yet_o i_o will_v persuade_v they_o here_o free_o and_o willing_o to_o renounce_v their_o pretence_n to_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o the_o rather_o because_o it_o can_v bring_v no_o injury_n to_o their_o present_a empire_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o frank_n place_v the_o seat_n of_o their_o empire_n in_o germany_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o frank_n a_o frank_n certain_a that_o the_o father_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a father_n by_o his_o father_n be_v king_n of_o france_n and_o all_o his_o progenitor_n have_v for_o many_o age_n live_v in_o great_a honour_n and_o manage_v great_a employment_n in_o that_o kingdom_n beside_o those_o part_n of_o germany_n france_n and_o bear_v in_o france_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o be_v then_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n be_v possess_v by_o they_o as_o accession_n acquire_v to_o that_o kingdom_n by_o conquest_n and_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o conquer_a province_n and_o every_o man_n be_v esteem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nation_n his_o father_n be_v and_o in_o which_o he_o have_v place_v the_o seat_n of_o his_o fortune_n and_o hope_n after_o his_o father_n and_o ancestor_n the_o sole_a consideration_n that_o a_o man_n be_v bear_v in_o this_o or_o that_o country_n will_v hardly_o be_v allow_v to_o make_v a_o man_n of_o a_o different_a nation_n from_o his_o father_n unless_o we_o can_v believe_v that_o if_o the_o present_a king_n of_o sweden_n have_v be_v bear_v in_o prussia_n he_o have_v be_v to_o have_v be_v esteem_v a_o prussian_a and_o not_o a_o swede_n nor_o be_v that_o part_n of_o germany_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n of_o the_o rhine_n esteem_v a_o part_n of_o france_n till_o under_o charles_n the_o great_a it_o be_v unite_v to_o that_o kingdom_n and_o in_o the_o first_o timeâ—_n that_o follow_v when_o his_o posterity_n have_v divide_v their_o ancestor_n dominion_n among_o they_o the_o historian_n frequent_o distinguish_v between_o the_o latin_a or_o western_a france_n and_o the_o german_a or_o eastern_a france_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o germany_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o after_o the_o time_n of_o the_o otho_n that_o name_n of_o germany_n by_o degree_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n the_o objection_n make_v on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o german_a language_n by_o charles_n the_o great_a may_v be_v thus_o easy_o tongue_n though_o he_o use_v the_o german_a tongue_n answer_v the_o gaul_n have_v be_v long_o subject_a to_o the_o roman_n by_o degree_n lose_v their_o own_o tongue_n and_o embrace_v that_o of_o their_o conqueror_n so_o that_o at_o last_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o footstep_n of_o the_o old_a celtic_a leave_v among_o they_o but_o then_o the_o frank_n bring_v their_o german_a tongue_n along_o with_o they_o and_o without_o doubt_n do_v not_o present_o forget_v it_o but_o then_o as_o the_o frank_n neither_o destroy_v nor_o expel_v the_o gaul_n but_o only_o assume_v the_o government_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o country_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o those_o who_o be_v descend_v of_o the_o frank_n be_v employ_v in_o the_o great_a affair_n and_o the_o gaul_n as_o a_o conquer_a people_n be_v keep_v under_o but_o then_o as_o two_o river_n of_o different_a colour_n unite_n in_o one_o stream_n may_v for_o some_o time_n preserve_v each_o his_o proper_a colour_n but_o at_o length_n the_o great_a stream_n will_v certain_o change_v the_o lester_n into_o its_o own_o colour_n so_o in_o the_o begin_n the_o gaul_n have_v their_o tongue_n and_o the_o frank_n they_o till_o in_o length_n of_o time_n a_o three_o be_v make_v out_o of_o both_o mix_v and_o twist_v together_o in_o which_o yet_o the_o latin_a be_v the_o predominant_a the_o plain_a cause_n of_o which_o be_v that_o the_o gaul_n be_v more_o numerous_a than_o the_o frank_n and_o it_o be_v much_o hard_a for_o they_o to_o learn_v the_o german_n than_o it_o be_v for_o the_o frank_n to_o learn_v the_o gallic_a latin_n for_o with_o what_o difficulty_n foreigner_n learn_v the_o german_a tongue_n i_o myself_o know_v by_o experience_n from_o hence_o it_o proceed_v that_o the_o most_o ancient_a writer_n of_o this_o nation_n call_v the_o vulgar_a latin_a the_o rustic_a or_o countryman_n tongue_n because_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n still_o use_v the_o german_a whilst_o the_o countryman_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o gaul_n have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o any_o other_o than_o the_o latin_n and_o thus_o we_o see_v it_o be_v in_o our_o own_o time_n in_o livonia_n and_o curland_n where_o the_o old_a inhabitant_n be_v by_o the_o german_n reduce_v into_o the_o condition_n of_o mere_a rustic_n for_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n speak_v the_o sclavonian_a tongue_n and_o the_o german_a but_o the_o countryman_n do_v scarce_o understand_v one_o german_a word_n of_o ten_o thus_o charles_n the_o great_a may_v easy_o understand_v the_o german_a tongue_n because_o the_o frank_n who_o be_v a_o german_a nation_n have_v not_o quite_o lay_v aside_o the_o use_n of_o it_o and_o also_o because_o the_o frank_n before_o his_o time_n have_v conquer_v a_o great_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o he_o go_v on_o with_o the_o work_n and_o reduce_v all_o the_o rest_n under_o his_o dominion_n nor_o be_v it_o possible_a in_o that_o unlearned_a age_n to_o converse_v with_o the_o german_n in_o any_o other_o than_o their_o own_o language_n but_o then_o he_o that_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v two_o very_a different_a question_n confound_v into_o one_o will_v very_o accurate_o determine_v this_o controversy_n for_o if_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v of_o a_o gallic_a or_o a_o german_a original_a without_o doubt_v it_o will_v be_v answer_v that_o he_o be_v not_o a_o gaul_n but_o a_o german_a or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o a_o frank._n but_o if_o the_o question_n be_v what_o countryman_n he_o be_v france_n and_o not_o germany_n be_v to_o be_v assign_v he_o and_o therefore_o in_o this_o respect_n he_o be_v no_o german_n but_o a_o gaul_n or_o gallo-frank_n i_o fear_v i_o shall_v make_v the_o reader_n think_v i_o take_v he_o for_o a_o stupid_a person_n if_o i_o shall_v dwell_v any_o long_o on_o so_o plain_a a_o thing_n and_o yet_o i_o will_v presume_v to_o give_v the_o german_n a_o know_a example_n if_o you_o fall_v upon_o a_o nobleman_n of_o livonia_n and_o ask_v he_o what_o countryman_n he_o be_v he_o will_v reply_v a_o livonian_a and_o not_o a_o german_a but_o then_o if_o you_o still_o insist_v and_o ask_v he_o of_o what_o lineage_n he_o will_v say_v he_o be_v descend_v of_o the_o german_n and_o not_o of_o the_o livonian_o 7._o this_o prince_n charles_n the_o great_a have_v dominion_n the_o title_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a to_o his_o several_a dominion_n under_o he_o divers_a nation_n which_o he_o have_v acquire_v by_o very_o different_a title_n he_o enjoy_v france_n as_o his_o inheritance_n devolve_v to_o he_o from_o his_o father_n by_o succession_n for_o though_o we_o read_v in_o their_o history_n that_o the_o ancient_a frank_n have_v lodge_v in_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o that_o nation_n some_o authority_n in_o the_o constitute_v their_o king_n yet_o i_o conceive_v it_o be_v rather_o a_o solemn_a inaguration_n and_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o their_o loyalty_n
the_o land_n on_o the_o rhine_n near_a one_o another_o and_o on_o the_o rhine_n which_o be_v the_o most_o fruitful_a part_n of_o germany_n they_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o whole_a country_n except_z what_o belong_v to_o the_o elector_n palatine_n which_o as_o it_o interrupt_v that_o beautiful_a chain_n of_o church-land_n have_v i_o persuade_v myself_o be_v look_v on_o by_o they_o with_o a_o evil_a eye_n this_o their_o neighbourhood_n have_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n contribute_v very_o much_o to_o the_o preserve_v they_o from_o the_o reformation_n one_o of_o they_o assist_v another_o to_o expel_v that_o dangerous_a guest_n till_o the_o french_a at_o last_o by_o a_o just_a judgement_n of_o god_n though_o a_o catholic_n nation_n as_o they_o call_v it_o come_v in_o to_o revenge_v their_o contempt_n of_o the_o true_a religion_n and_o have_v lay_v the_o far_o great_a part_n of_o these_o populous_a well_o build_v fruitful_a country_n in_o ash_n twice_o or_o thrice_o within_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n and_o now_o especial_o in_o the_o year_n now_o current_a 1689._o but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o author_n 11._o ecclesiastic_a state_n which_o be_v not_o elector_n the_o ecclesiastic_a elector_n come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o protestant_a prince_n be_v these_o the_o three_o archbishopric_n of_o mentz_n trier_n and_o cologne_n which_o cologne_n mentz_n trier_n and_o cologne_n be_v three_o of_o the_o elector_n and_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o saltsburg_n and_o besanzon_n in_o burgundy_n for_o as_o for_o magdeburg_n it_o be_v a_o mere_a lay-fee_n the_o inferior_a bishopric_n be_v bamberg_n wurtzburg_n worm_n spires_n aichstad_n strasburg_n constance_n ausburg_n hildisheim_n paderborn_n bishop_n the_o bishop_n freisingen_n ratisbone_n passaw_n trent_n brixen_n in_o tirol_n basil_n liege_n osnaburg_n munster_n curen_n in_o curland_n the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n have_v the_o first_o seat_n among_o the_o bishop_n and_o we_o must_v observe_v too_o that_o in_o our_o time_n there_o be_v sometime_o two_o or_o more_o bishopric_n unite_v in_o the_o same_o person_n either_o because_o the_o revenue_n of_o one_o single_a diocese_n be_v not_o think_v sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o dignity_n and_o splendour_n of_o a_o prince_n court_n or_o that_o they_o may_v by_o that_o mean_n be_v render_v more_o formidable_a to_o those_o that_o hate_v they_o the_o bishopric_n of_o lubeck_n be_v very_o little_o better_o than_o a_o part_n of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o all_o the_o country_n have_v also_o embrace_v the_o protestant_a religion_n among_o the_o abbey_n which_o be_v call_v prelate_n be_v these_o fuld_n abbot_n miter_v abbot_n kempten_a elwang_n murback_n luder_n the_o master_n of_o st._n john_n berchtelsgaden_n weissenburg_n pruym_n stablo_fw-mi and_o corwey_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o prelate_n who_o be_v not_o prince_n be_v divide_v diet._n the_o prelate_n that_o be_v not_o prince_n but_o vote_n in_o the_o diet._n into_o two_o bench_n that_o of_o the_o rhine_n and_o that_o of_o schwaben_n or_o suabia_n one_o of_o each_o of_o which_o have_v a_o vote_n in_o the_o diet_n and_o they_o be_v esteem_v equal_a to_o the_o count_n or_o earl_n of_o the_o empire_n 12._o the_o estate_n of_o the_o count_n or_o earl_n empire_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v also_o much_o more_o splendid_a and_o rich_a than_o that_o of_o man_n enjoy_v the_o same_o dignity_n in_o other_o kingdom_n for_o they_o have_v almost_o the_o same_o privilege_n with_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o ancient_a earldom_n have_v also_o large_a territory_n belong_v to_o they_o whereas_o in_o other_o kingdom_n a_o small_a farm_n or_o manor_n shall_v dignify_v its_o owner_n with_o that_o title_n yet_o the_o division_n of_o the_o estate_n among_o the_o brother_n have_v damnify_v many_o of_o the_o german_a family_n and_o be_v only_o to_o be_v admit_v in_o plebeian_n family_n for_o its_o equity_n and_o piety_n sake_n some_o other_o have_v be_v equal_o ruin_v by_o the_o carelessness_n and_o luxury_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o their_o prodigal_a expense_n at_o this_o day_n the_o earl_n have_v four_o vote_n in_o the_o diet_n one_o for_o wetteraw_n vote_n have_v 4_o vote_n another_o for_o schwaben_n a_o three_o for_o franconia_n and_o the_o four_o for_o westphalia_n the_o earl_n which_o be_v know_v to_o i_o be_v these_o nassaw_n oldenburg_n furstemberg_n hohenlohe_n name_n their_o name_n hanaw_n say_fw-ge witgenstein_n leiningen_n solms_n waldek_n isenburg_n stolberg_n wied_n mansfeld_n reussen_n ottingen_n montfort_n konigseck_n fugger_n sultz_n cronberg_n sintzendorf_n wallenstein_n papenheim_n castell_n lewenstein_n erbach_n limburg_n schwartzenburg_n bentheim_n ostfrisland_n who_o be_v now_o make_v a_o prince_n khine_v and_o walts_n rantzow_n and_o perhaps_o many_o other_o who_o nobility_n be_v not_o to_o be_v prejudice_v by_o my_o silence_n and_o as_o to_o those_o i_o have_v name_v i_o pretend_v no_o skill_n in_o the_o marshal_n of_o they_o according_a to_o their_o proper_a place_n there_o be_v also_o many_o earl_n and_o baron_n in_o the_o hereditary_a country_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v of_o late_a creation_n or_o subject_n to_o other_o state_n have_v no_o place_n or_o vote_n in_o the_o diet_n of_o germany_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v mention_v here_o 13._o there_o be_v also_o in_o germany_n no_o small_a diet._n the_o free_a city_n make_v a_o college_n in_o the_o diet._n number_n of_o free_a city_n who_o be_v subject_a to_o no_o prince_n or_o state_n but_o be_v immediate_o under_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o empire_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v imperial_a city_n in_o the_o diet_n they_o constitute_v a_o particular_a college_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o bench_n that_o of_o the_o rhine_n and_o that_o of_o schwaben_n the_o principal_a of_o these_o be_v norimberg_n ausburg_n cologne_n lubeck_n vlm_n strasburg_n frankford_n ratisbone_n aix_n la_fw-fr chapelle_n or_o aken_n metz_n worm_n spire_n colmar_n memmingen_n esling_n hall_n in_o schwaben_n heilbron_n lindaw_n goslar_n mulhausin_n north_n hausin_n the_o rest_n have_v reason_n rather_o to_o pride_n themselves_o in_o their_o liberty_n than_o in_o their_o wealth_n in_o the_o former_a age_n the_o conjunction_n of_o two_o or_o three_o of_o these_o city_n together_o make_v a_o great_a power_n and_o they_o be_v terrible_a to_o the_o prince_n but_o now_o their_o wealth_n be_v much_o reduce_v and_o we_o may_v probable_o enough_o conjecture_v they_o will_v one_o after_o another_o be_v all_o reduce_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o prince_n at_o least_o the_o bishop_n threaten_v those_o very_o much_o in_o which_o their_o cathedral_n be_v there_o be_v also_o some_o potent_a city_n which_o preserve_v their_o freedom_n though_o perhaps_o not_o very_a well_o ground_v for_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n pretend_v a_o right_n over_o hamburg_n which_o this_o hamburg_n hamburg_n most_o wealthy_a city_n of_o all_o germany_n will_v not_o submit_v to_o and_o it_o be_v think_v the_o strength_n of_o it_o and_o the_o jealousy_n of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n who_o envy_v the_o king_n of_o denmark_n the_o possession_n of_o this_o fat_a morsel_n will_v preserve_v it_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v such_o breme_n breme_n another_o dispute_n with_o the_o city_n of_o breme_n without_o which_o he_o can_v never_o secure_v that_o dukedom_n and_o perhaps_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v too_o much_o reason_n to_o suspect_v that_o city_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o diet_n in_o the_o year_n 1641_o when_o they_o begin_v to_o suspect_v those_o prince_n will_v become_v master_n of_o this_o dukedom_n on_o purpose_n to_o keep_v it_o out_o of_o their_o hand_n and_o deprive_v they_o of_o this_o convenience_n and_o security_n the_o city_n of_o brunswick_n do_v strange_o weaken_v and_o disfigure_v brunswick_n brunswick_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswick_n and_o lunenburg_n and_o by_o its_o site_n interrupt_v their_o otherwise_o well_o compact_v territory_n and_o yet_o they_o will_v never_o suffer_v the_o bishop_n of_o hildisheim_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o that_o city_n hildisheim_n hildisheim_n the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v not_o very_o favourable_a to_o the_o city_n in_o his_o dominion_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a the_o city_n of_o magdeburg_n may_v suffer_v the_o loss_n of_o magdeburg_n magdeburg_n her_o liberty_n after_o the_o death_n of_o augustus_n of_o the_o house_n of_o saxony_n they_o of_o erford_n weary_a erford_n erford_n of_o a_o doubtful_a contest_v for_o their_o liberty_n submit_v and_o for_o their_o folly_n and_o cowardice_n be_v think_v worthy_a to_o lose_v their_o liberty_n wise_a man_n wonder_v also_o that_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n have_v not_o seize_v the_o citadel_n of_o thure_v and_o i_o suppose_v by_o this_o time_n the_o hollander_n be_v make_v sufficient_o sensible_a they_o ought_v to_o have_v defend_v the_o inhabitans_fw-la of_o munster_n against_o
i_o suppose_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o chapter_n will_v scarce_o have_v submit_v patient_o to_o a_o bishop_n so_o obtrude_v on_o they_o though_o it_o be_v practise_v frequent_o in_o other_o country_n 7._o the_o bishop_n of_o germany_n be_v indebt_v emperor_n the_o bishopric_n of_o germany_n endow_v by_o the_o emperor_n to_o the_o liberality_n of_o the_o first_o emperor_n for_o all_o those_o province_n and_o great_a revenue_n they_o now_o enjoy_v a_o fervent_a piety_n and_o zeal_n in_o those_o time_n rule_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o prince_n because_o they_o think_v the_o more_o they_o give_v to_o the_o church_n the_o more_o they_o unite_a themselves_o to_o god_n which_o opinion_n be_v much_o abate_v in_o our_o time_n because_o many_o now_o how_o true_o i_o know_v not_o have_v take_v up_o another_o contrary_a to_o it_o viz_o that_o over_o great_a wealth_n bestow_v on_o church_n man_n tend_v rather_o to_o the_o extinguish_n than_o nourish_v of_o piety_n and_o religion_n the_o churchman_n also_o of_o those_o early_a time_n seem_v to_o have_v have_v the_o grace_n of_o ask_v without_o fear_n whatever_o may_v seem_v convenient_a for_o the_o allay_a the_o hardship_n of_o their_o profession_n thus_o the_o bishop_n and_o church_n obtain_v of_o these_o good_a prince_n not_o only_a farm_n tithe_n and_o rent_n but_o also_o whole_a lordship_n county_n dukedom_n with_o all_o the_o regalia_n or_o royalty_n annex_v to_o they_o so_o that_o they_o become_v equal_a in_o all_o thing_n to_o the_o temporal_a prince_n but_o then_o in_o truth_n they_o obtain_v the_o degree_n of_o prince_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o otho_n and_o those_o that_o follow_v and_o they_o get_v not_o the_o regalia_z all_o at_o once_o but_o by_o little_a and_o little_a some_o at_o one_o time_n and_o some_o at_o another_o and_o from_o thence_o it_o come_v that_o some_o of_o the_o bishop_n have_v not_o yet_o get_v they_o all_o and_o other_o have_v they_o under_o the_o restraint_n of_o certain_a limitation_n there_o be_v two_o other_o thing_n contribute_v very_o much_o to_o the_o accure_v all_o these_o great_a riches_n and_o honour_n for_o the_o church_n 1._o that_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n in_o those_o time_n take_v order_n and_o become_v churchman_n and_o 2._o that_o all_o the_o little_a learning_n those_o barbarous_a age_n have_v be_v in_o the_o clergy_n this_o occasion_v the_o call_n the_o bishop_n to_o court_n to_o give_v their_o advice_n and_o the_o employ_v they_o as_o judge_n and_o governor_n in_o the_o province_n because_o these_o thing_n can_v be_v well_o perform_v without_o some_o learning_n and_o this_o be_v the_o true_a reason_n why_o the_o office_n of_o chancellor_n be_v at_o first_o annex_v to_o the_o principal_a bishop_n see_v i_o do_v also_o believe_v that_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o church_n be_v very_o much_o improve_v by_o many_o prince_n and_o nobleman_n who_o resign_v their_o estate_n or_o a_o part_n of_o they_o to_o the_o bishop_n and_o take_v they_o again_o as_o fee_n from_o they_o that_o they_o may_v so_o oblige_v they_o to_o take_v the_o more_o care_n in_o recommend_v they_o and_o their_o salvation_n to_o god_n in_o their_o prayer_n and_o as_o their_o family_n afterward_o be_v extinguish_v their_o estate_n be_v unite_v to_o the_o bishopric_n who_o know_v not_o also_o what_o vast_a addition_n have_v be_v since_o make_v by_o the_o will_n of_o die_a man_n when_o a_o nation_n that_o be_v natural_o afraid_a of_o heat_n and_o thirst_v see_v they_o must_v buy_v off_o the_o roast_n in_o purgatory_n by_o that_o mean_n which_o they_o fear_v above_o all_o man_n 8._o the_o churchman_n may_v have_v be_v benefactor_n when_o they_o become_v very_o rich_a they_o will_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o benefactor_n well_o content_v with_o their_o condition_n in_o germany_n though_o they_o have_v neither_o abjure_a ambition_n nor_o avarice_n but_o then_o as_o they_o of_o all_o man_n be_v desirous_a to_o have_v other_o under_o they_o so_o they_o can_v least_o endure_v to_o see_v other_o above_o they_o and_o therefore_o think_v this_o be_v still_o want_v to_o perfect_v their_o happiness_n in_o this_o world_n because_o they_o be_v still_o force_v to_o receive_v all_o they_o have_v from_o the_o emperor_n and_o consequent_o be_v force_v to_o live_v in_o a_o dependence_n on_o he_o if_o the_o reverence_n i_o owe_v that_o most_o sacred_a order_n of_o man_n do_v not_o restrain_v i_o i_o shall_v say_v they_o be_v the_o worst_a of_o man_n who_o as_o the_o event_n show_v abuse_v the_o imprudent_a liberality_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o the_o ruin_n of_o that_o majesty_n and_o power_n that_o have_v raise_v and_o enrich_v dignify_v and_o ennoble_v they_o certain_o he_o be_v not_o worthy_a of_o liberty_n who_o be_v not_o will_v to_o own_o his_o manumissor_n for_o his_o patron_n and_o master_n that_o therefore_o this_o tribe_n of_o levite_n may_v whole_o free_v themselves_o from_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o laic_n the_o german_a bishop_n strenuous_o solicit_v the_o pope_n to_o send_v abroad_o his_o vatican_n thunder_n and_o raise_v plenty_n of_o commotion_n in_o the_o empire_n to_o second_v they_o by_o both_o which_o they_o at_o last_o gain_v their_o point_n for_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n lead_v the_o way_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o flock_n follow_v he_o faithful_o and_o will_v never_o suffer_v their_o prince_n to_o have_v any_o rest_n till_o he_o will_v permit_v they_o to_o depend_v on_o no_o body_n but_o the_o pope_n this_o as_o many_o think_v bring_v a_o signal_n mischief_n on_o the_o german_a state_n viz._n the_o have_v so_o many_o of_o its_o member_n acknowledge_v a_o foreign_a head_n unless_o we_o can_v think_v the_o pope_n be_v so_o fond_o in_o love_n with_o germany_n that_o he_o desire_v nothing_o more_o than_o its_o preservation_n and_o that_o they_o at_o rome_n know_v better_v what_o be_v for_o the_o good_a of_o germany_n than_o the_o very_a german_n themselves_o do_v 9_o it_o remain_v now_o that_o we_o say_v something_o of_o the_o free_a city_n germany_n till_o the_o city_n of_o the_o free_a city_n v._o century_n after_o christ_n have_v nothing_o but_o village_n without_o wall_n or_o disperse_v house_n in_o all_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o lie_v to_o the_o east_n and_o north_n of_o the_o rhine_n even_o in_o the_o ix_o century_n there_o be_v only_o mention_v make_v of_o a_o city_n or_o two_o in_o that_o part_n which_o border_n on_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n but_o then_o there_o be_v many_o city_n build_v by_o the_o roman_n much_o more_o earlily_n in_o that_o part_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o french_a side_n of_o the_o rhine_n of_o which_o the_o roman_n be_v possess_v as_o also_o between_o the_o danube_n and_o the_o alps_o which_o belong_v then_o to_o they_o but_o be_v afterward_o a_o part_n of_o germany_n the_o reason_n why_o in_o those_o ancient_a city_n why_o the_o german_n of_o old_a have_v no_o city_n time_n they_o have_v no_o city_n be_v first_o because_o the_o old_a german_n have_v no_o skill_n in_o architecture_n which_o ignorance_n still_o appear_v in_o many_o place_n of_o this_o country_n and_o second_o the_o fierceness_n of_o the_o nation_n which_o make_v they_o averse_a to_o these_o kind_n of_o habitation_n as_o a_o fort_n of_o prison_n and_o also_o three_o because_o the_o nobility_n place_v their_o great_a pleasure_n in_o hunt_v and_o therefore_o neither_o know_v nor_o much_o value_v the_o conveniency_n of_o have_v city_n and_o great_a to_n their_o diet_n then_o be_v very_o mean_a their_o furniture_n and_o clothes_n cheap_a and_o they_o neither_o know_v nor_o regard_v the_o superfluous_a effect_n of_o wealth_n or_o luxury_n but_o after_o their_o mind_n be_v civilise_v and_o soften_v by_o christianity_n they_o begin_v by_o degree_n to_o affect_v the_o elegant_a way_n of_o live_v the_o love_n of_o riches_n and_o a_o study_a luxury_n follow_v and_o be_v bring_v in_o from_o abroad_o both_o which_o be_v nourish_v by_o great_a city_n the_o prince_n also_o have_v amass_v great_a riches_n take_v a_o pride_n in_o build_v city_n and_o invite_v the_o rustic_n of_o germany_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o settle_v in_o they_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o large_a privilege_n especial_o after_o the_o christian_a religion_n have_v abolish_v villeinage_n or_o slavery_n and_o the_o liberti_n or_o freemen_n have_v no_o land_n to_o subsist_v on_o they_o fly_v by_o flock_n to_o the_o city_n and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o manufacture_n and_o trade_n the_o irruption_n of_o the_o hungarian_n force_v henry_n the_o falconer_n to_o build_v many_o city_n and_o strong_a hold_v in_o saxony_n and_o he_o make_v every_o nine_o man_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o country_n to_o inhabit_v they_o the_o league_n afterward_o between_o the_o city_n for_o their_o mutual_a defence_n and_o
they_o be_v necessary_a care_n shall_v be_v take_v to_o expedite_v the_o affair_n depend_v which_o now_o move_v too_o slow_o and_o occasion_n vast_a expense_n both_o of_o time_n and_o money_n which_o may_v be_v save_v there_o be_v some_o that_o be_v jealous_a that_o these_o affect_a delay_n and_o charge_n be_v a_o state-mystery_n by_o which_o the_o emperor_n hope_n in_o time_n to_o tire_v out_o the_o state_n and_o make_v they_o abhor_v diet_n which_o be_v otherwise_o the_o most_o effectual_a mean_n to_o secure_v the_o german_a liberty_n the_o golden_a bull_n have_v ordain_v that_o the_o first_o diet_n of_o every_o emperor_n reign_n shall_v be_v at_o norimberg_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o scrupulous_o observe_v now_o for_o in_o these_o capitular_o there_o be_v only_o care_v take_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v hold_v in_o a_o convenient_a place_n within_o the_o empire_n as_o shall_v be_v agree_v with_o the_o elector_n of_o a_o long_a time_n some_o one_o of_o the_o free_a imperial_a city_n have_v be_v appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o in_o the_o dark_a and_o i_o suppose_v the_o prince_n will_v scarce_o meet_v if_o the_o emperor_n shall_v appoint_v vienna_n 25._o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o state_n be_v diet._n all_o the_o member_n be_v to_o be_v summon_v to_o the_o diet._n without_o exception_n to_o be_v call_v to_o the_o diet_n and_o among_o the_o ecclesiastic_n those_o that_o be_v not_o yet_o confirm_v by_o the_o pope_n and_o before_o they_o have_v obtain_v their_o pall_v and_o in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o any_o see_v the_o chapter_n be_v to_o be_v call_v and_o whereas_o the_o protestant_a possessor_n of_o bishopric_n before_o the_o treaty_n of_o westphalia_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o the_o diet_n they_o in_o it_o obtain_v the_o assignment_n of_o a_o peculiar_a place_n as_o to_o those_o secular_a prince_n that_o be_v minor_n their_o guardian_n appear_v for_o they_o and_o they_o that_o be_v of_o full_a age_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v before_o they_o have_v ask_v or_o obtain_v their_o investiture_n this_o be_v true_a though_o in_o the_o diet_n of_o ratisbonne_n in_o the_o year_n 1608._o john_n frederick_n duke_n of_o wurtemburg_n be_v except_v against_o on_o that_o account_n if_o in_o any_o family_n the_o right_n of_o primogeniture_n prevail_v and_o be_v receive_v only_o the_o elder_a be_v call_v those_o that_o have_v divide_v their_o inheritance_n be_v call_v by_o family_n in_o general_a but_o they_o have_v all_o but_o one_o voice_n but_o those_o that_o have_v obtain_v the_o investiture_n of_o their_o share_n or_o portion_n from_o the_o emperor_n be_v personal_o call_v they_o that_o be_v call_v to_o the_o diet_n must_v appear_v in_o person_n or_o if_o this_o be_v inconvenient_a by_o their_o legate_n or_o proxy_n sufficient_o instruct_v those_o that_o neglect_v to_o appear_v be_v nevertheless_o conclude_v by_o the_o majority_n of_o those_o that_o do_v appear_v by_o a_o peculiar_a privilege_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o appear_v in_o the_o diet_n if_o it_o be_v not_o hold_v at_o norimberg_n or_o bamberg_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n be_v at_o liberty_n to_o appear_v or_o not_o as_o they_o please_v it_o be_v not_o worth_a our_o while_n to_o sum_n up_o the_o vain_a useless_a rite_n and_o ceremony_n 26._o the_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v debate_v commissioner_n the_o thing_n to_o be_v debate_v be_v propose_v by_o the_o emperor_n or_o his_o commissioner_n and_o settle_v in_o the_o diet_n be_v propose_v by_o the_o emperor_n or_o his_o commissioner_n than_o they_o proceed_v to_o the_o debate_n where_o the_o first_o question_n be_v whether_o they_o shall_v proceed_v in_o the_o order_n the_o thing_n be_v propose_v to_o consider_v and_o determine_v they_o or_o whether_o they_o shall_v postpone_v some_o of_o they_o undecided_a and_o pass_v forward_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o thing_n propose_v here_o the_o state_n pretend_v they_o be_v not_o religious_o bind_v to_o observe_v the_o method_n of_o the_o proposal_n but_o the_o imperial_a party_n who_o can_v easy_o fore_o see_v what_o the_o state_n drive_v at_o have_v ever_o stiff_o pretend_v the_o method_n of_o the_o proposal_n be_v to_o be_v follow_v that_o the_o emperor_n concern_v have_v ever_o be_v wont_a to_o lead_v the_o van_n and_o those_o of_o the_o state_n to_o follow_v in_o the_o next_o place_n if_o therefore_o the_o state_n will_v do_v their_o own_o business_n they_o must_v of_o necessity_n gratify_v the_o emperor_n but_o than_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o when_o he_o have_v gain_v his_o own_o point_n he_o be_v seldom_o much_o concern_v for_o those_o thing_n that_o the_o state_n will_v have_v when_o they_o come_v to_o debate_v they_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o college_n house_n or_o chamber_n the_o elector_n the_o prince_n and_o the_o free_a city_n which_o division_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v first_o make_v in_o the_o year_n 1589_o in_o the_o diet_n at_o frankford_n in_o the_o first_o of_o these_o the_o bishop_n of_o mentz_n be_v the_o director_n speaker_n in_o the_o second_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o saltzburg_n by_o turn_n and_o in_o the_o three_o that_o city_n in_o which_o the_o diet_n be_v hold_v the_o prince_n vote_n man_n by_o man_n the_o count_n and_o bishop_n by_o bench_n the_o great_a part_n oblige_v the_o lesser_a except_o in_o the_o affair_n of_o religion_n in_o which_o the_o state_n be_v not_o consider_v as_o one_o body_n but_o as_o party_n in_o opposition_n each_o to_o other_o whether_o the_o same_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v admit_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o tax_n or_o grant_v money_n be_v a_o question_n not_o yet_o decide_v see_v the_o treaty_n of_o westphalia_n art_n 5._o n._n 19_o i_o shall_v think_v this_o might_n easy_o be_v expedit_v by_o a_o distinction_n viz._n whether_o the_o grant_n tend_v to_o the_o safety_n and_o security_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o germany_n or_o be_v only_o grant_v and_o design_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o emperor_n no_o good_a german_n will_v decline_v contribute_v to_o the_o first_o and_o as_o to_o the_o latter_a it_o be_v fit_a every_o one_o shall_v be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o liberty_n to_o determine_v as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a their_o way_n of_o proceed_v be_v this_o what_o be_v approve_v by_o the_o college_n of_o elector_n be_v communicate_v to_o the_o college_n of_o prince_n this_o latter_a return_n to_o the_o former_a their_o sentiment_n of_o it_o which_o be_v call_v a_o reference_n or_o conference_n and_o so_o it_o be_v transact_v pro_fw-la and_o con_v between_o these_o two_o till_o they_o agree_v then_o they_o two_o join_v and_o communicate_v their_o agree_a resolve_n to_o the_o three_o college_n or_o city_n and_o if_o they_o consent_v too_o than_o the_o unanimous_a resolve_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o state_n be_v communicate_v to_o the_o emperor_n or_o his_o commissioner_n and_o when_o he_o have_v approve_v of_o it_o that_o affair_n be_v settle_v if_o the_o three_o college_n can_v agree_v their_o differ_a vote_n be_v propose_v to_o the_o emperor_n who_o in_o a_o friendly_a way_n as_o a_o arbitrator_n and_o not_o in_o a_o command_a way_n as_o a_o master_n or_o prince_n endeavour_v to_o reconcile_v they_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o his_o judgement_n be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o state_n it_o be_v friendly_a and_o fair_o argue_v between_o they_o till_o he_o be_v of_o their_o mind_n or_o they_o of_o he_o after_o this_o at_o the_o break_n up_o recess_n of_o the_o state_n there_o be_v a_o solemn_a form_n contain_v the_o thing_n agree_v between_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o state_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o contract_n as_o to_o the_o college_n of_o city_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o though_o in_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n art_n 8._o sect_n 4._o the_o decide_v vote_n be_v assign_v to_o it_o whereas_o before_o other_o contend_v that_o they_o be_v only_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o debate_n to_o offer_v their_o reason_n yet_o even_o now_o they_o communicate_v nothing_o to_o this_o member_n of_o the_o state_n but_o what_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o two_o other_o college_n but_o then_o neither_o can_v those_o two_o college_n exact_a obedience_n or_o force_v this_o three_o to_o comply_v with_o they_o against_o their_o will_n as_o a_o major_a part_n but_o where_o the_o three_o college_n disagree_v from_o the_o other_o two_o the_o thing_n in_o dispute_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o emperor_n till_o a_o way_n be_v find_v to_o adjust_a it_o and_o what_o can_v at_o last_v be_v agree_v be_v wont_a to_o be_v refer_v to_o another_o diet._n what_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o whole_a diet_n be_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o mentz_n who_o be_v
to_o who_o sister_n he_o afterward_o marry_v the_o dauphin_n his_o son_n to_o fix_v he_o for_o ever_o to_o france_n but_o all_o will_v not_o do_v that_o prince_n have_v since_o see_v his_o true_a interest_n as_o all_o the_o german_a prince_n too_o by_o this_o time_n do_v and_o now_o france_n find_v the_o wheel_a way_n will_v never_o do_v have_v take_v the_o way_n of_o rage_n and_o conquest_n have_v disoblige_v the_o whole_a world_n and_o what_o the_o event_n will_v be_v be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o god_n 7._o this_o bulky_a and_o formidable_a body_n which_o be_v thus_o unite_a in_o the_o common_a appellation_n constitution_n germany_n weak_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o irregular_a constitution_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o if_o it_o be_v reduce_v under_o the_o law_n of_o a_o regular_a monarchy_n will_v be_v formidable_a to_o all_o europe_n be_v yet_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o own_o internal_a disease_n and_o convulsion_n so_o weaken_v that_o it_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o defend_v itself_o nay_o it_o be_v certain_a if_o it_o be_v not_o powerful_o assist_v by_o its_o neighbour_n it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o defend_v itself_o against_o the_o french_a the_o principal_a cause_n of_o this_o impuissance_n and_o weakness_n be_v its_o irregular_a and_o ill-compacted_n constitution_n or_o frame_n of_o government_n the_o most_o numerous_a multitude_n of_o man_n be_v not_o strong_a than_o one_o single_a man_n as_o long_o as_o every_o man_n act_v single_o by_o himself_o and_o for_o himself_o all_o its_o extraordinary_a strength_n be_v from_o its_o union_n and_o conjunction_n and_o as_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o many_o shall_v join_v in_o one_o natural_a body_n so_o they_o may_v certain_o be_v unite_v into_o one_o force_n whilst_o they_o be_v govern_v by_o one_o council_n as_o a_o common_a soul_n by_o how_o much_o the_o close_o and_o more_o regular_a this_o union_n be_v so_o much_o the_o strong_a this_o society_n or_o body_n be_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a weakness_n and_o disease_n ever_o follow_v upon_o a_o loose_a conjunction_n and_o a_o ill-combined_n and_o irregular_a union_n a_o well_o compose_v kingdom_n or_o monarchy_n be_v government_n monarchy_n the_o best_a and_o most_o last_a government_n certain_o the_o most_o perfect_a union_n and_o the_o best_a fit_v for_o duration_n or_o continuance_n for_o as_o for_o aristocrasies_n beside_o that_o they_o can_v scarce_o ever_o convenient_o subsist_v except_o when_o the_o force_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v collect_v into_o one_o single_a city_n yet_o even_o then_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n they_o be_v much_o weak_a than_o monarchy_n for_o the_o serene_a commonwealth_n of_o venice_n be_v to_o be_v repute_v among_o the_o miracle_n of_o the_o world_n a_o system_fw-la of_o many_o city_n unite_v by_o a_o league_n be_v much_o more_o loose_a in_o its_o conjunction_n and_o may_v more_o easy_o be_v dissolve_v which_o be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n and_o consist_v wherein_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o system_fw-la of_o state_n consist_v here_o that_o there_o may_v be_v some_o strength_n in_o these_o kind_n of_o system_n it_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n necessary_a that_o the_o associate_v city_n or_o state_n have_v the_o same_o form_n of_o government_n and_o be_v not_o overmuch_o disproportion_v in_o their_o strength_n and_o that_o the_o same_o or_o equal_a advantage_n may_v from_o the_o union_n arise_v to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o and_o last_o it_o be_v necessary_a in_o this_o case_n that_o they_o have_v come_v together_o upon_o well_o weigh_v and_o great_a reason_n and_o associate_v upon_o well-considered_n law_n or_o condition_n for_o they_o that_o unite_v in_o a_o society_n rash_o and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o hurry_n without_o bethink_v themselves_o very_o serious_o what_o their_o future_a state_n shall_v be_v can_v no_o more_o form_v a_o regular_a well_o compact_a society_n than_o a_o tailor_n can_v make_v a_o beautiful_a garment_n after_o he_o have_v cut_v his_o cloth_n all_o into_o shred_n and_o small_a piece_n before_o he_o have_v resolve_v whether_o he_o will_v form_v it_o into_o a_o man_n or_o a_o woman_n garment_n and_o it_o have_v long_o since_o be_v observe_v that_o monarch_n very_o rare_o enter_v into_o a_o sincere_a friendship_n with_o last_v with_o the_o league_n between_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n seldom_o last_v commonwealth_n or_o free_a city_n though_o it_o be_v for_o a_o short_a time_n and_o it_o be_v yet_o much_o more_o difficult_a to_o make_v a_o perpetual_a or_o last_a league_n because_o all_o prince_n hate_v popular_a liberty_n and_o the_o people_n or_o popular_a state_n do_v equal_o detest_v the_o pride_n or_o grandeur_n of_o king_n and_o such_o be_v the_o perverseness_n of_o (null)_o nature_n that_o no_o man_n do_v willing_o see_v one_o inferior_a to_o himself_o in_o point_n of_o power_n live_v by_o he_o in_o a_o equal_a degree_n of_o liberty_n and_o man_n very_o unwilling_o contribute_v to_o the_o common_a charge_n if_o they_o reap_v nothing_o or_o but_o a_o very_a little_a advantage_n from_o the_o common_a profit_n 8._o now_o the_o state_n of_o germany_n be_v so_o germany_n the_o diseaseâ—_n of_o germany_n much_o the_o more_o deplorable_a because_o all_o the_o disease_n of_o a_o ill-formed_n kingdom_n and_o of_o a_o ill_o digest_v system_n of_o state_n be_v conjunct_o to_o be_v find_v in_o it_o nay_o it_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v as_o the_o principal_a calamity_n of_o germany_n that_o it_o be_v neither_o a_o kingdom_n nor_o a_o system_fw-la of_o state_n the_o outward_a appearance_n and_o vain_a image_n represent_v the_o emperor_n as_o a_o king_n and_o the_o state_n as_o subject_n and_o in_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n he_o be_v without_o doubt_n a_o king_n as_o he_o be_v call_v after_o this_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o emperor_n be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n diminish_v and_o the_o liberty_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o state_n be_v increase_v till_o at_o last_o the_o emperor_n have_v nothing_o but_o a_o shadow_n of_o the_o kingly_a power_n as_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v and_o seem_v like_a the_o general_n of_o a_o association_n than_o a_o king_n from_o hence_o proceed_v a_o most_o pernicious_a convulsion_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o empire_n whilst_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o state_n draw_v counter_a each_o to_o the_o other_o for_o he_o with_o might_n and_o main_n by_o all_o way_n endeavour_v to_o regain_v the_o old_a regal_a power_n other_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o emperor_n distrust_v each_o other_o and_o they_o on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v as_o solicitous_a to_o preserve_v the_o liberty_n and_o wealth_n they_o have_v get_v the_o possession_n of_o from_o whence_o there_o must_v necessary_o follow_v suspicious_a distrust_n and_o underhand_a contrivance_n to_o hinder_v each_o other_o design_n and_o break_v each_o other_o power_n the_o first_o effect_n of_o this_o be_v the_o render_v this_o otherwise_o strong_a and_o formidable_a body_n unfit_a to_o invade_v other_o or_o to_o make_v any_o addition_n to_o its_o own_o bulk_n by_o conquest_n because_o the_o state_n be_v not_o willing_a that_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v add_v to_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o distribute_v it_o equal_o among_o they_o and_o there_o be_v another_o the_o state_n embroil_v one_o with_o another_o very_o many_o distract_n difference_n between_o the_o state_n themselves_o on_o divers_a account_n and_o this_o make_v they_o less_o happy_a than_o a_o well_o unite_a system_n of_o state_n may_v be_v the_o state_n be_v under_o different_a form_n of_o government_n some_o of_o they_o be_v prince_n and_o the_o rest_n free_a city_n and_o these_o be_v intermix_v one_o with_o another_o the_o free_a city_n drive_v for_o the_o most_o part_n a_o considerable_a trade_n and_o their_o wealth_n excite_v the_o envy_n of_o the_o prince_n but_o especial_o when_o a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o wealth_n arise_v from_o any_o of_o the_o prince_n dominion_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o some_o city_n like_o the_o spleen_n have_v swell_v too_o much_o to_o the_o damage_n of_o their_o neighbour_n prince_n their_o subject_n be_v drain_v away_o and_o their_o state_n impoverish_v to_o augment_v the_o city_n the_o nobility_n be_v apt_a to_o despise_v the_o common_a people_n and_o they_o be_v as_o prone_a to_o value_v themselves_o on_o the_o account_n of_o their_o money_n and_o to_o undervalue_v the_o nobility_n old_a title_n and_o exhaust_a dominion_n last_o some_o of_o the_o prince_n look_v on_o these_o city_n as_o a_o reproach_n to_o their_o government_n and_o think_v their_o own_o subject_n will_v live_v more_o content_o under_o their_o command_n if_o these_o instance_n of_o popular_a liberty_n be_v remove_v and_o all_o occasion_n of_o compare_v their_o own_o condition_n with_o that_o of_o their_o neighbour_n in_o these_o
palace_n or_o provincial_a court_n and_o to_o this_o superior_a court_n there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n from_o the_o schahin_n but_o then_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o free_a city_n have_v only_o one_o court_n from_o which_o there_o be_v no_o appeal_n the_o chamber_n of_o spire_n and_o the_o emperor_n palace-court_n be_v common_a to_o the_o whole_a empire_n but_o then_o some_o of_o the_o prince_n have_v a_o privilege_n which_o restrain_v their_o subject_n from_o appeal_n to_o either_o of_o these_o court_n of_o this_o number_n be_v the_o elector_n yet_o there_o sweden_n in_o civil_a case_n there_o be_v no_o appeal_n from_o the_o elector_n emperor_n and_o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v some_o who_o question_n whether_o this_o privilege_n belong_v to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a elector_n only_o because_o they_o do_v not_o exercise_v it_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n enjoy_v the_o same_o exemption_n for_o all_o his_o german_a territory_n westphaliae_fw-la art_n cap._n 10._o sect_n 12._o this_o last_o prince_n have_v erect_v a_o court_n at_o wismar_n for_o the_o determine_v all_o those_o appeal_v which_o before_o belong_v to_o the_o chamber_n of_o spire_n and_o vienna_n add._n capitul_n leopold_n artic._n 28_o &_o 27._o but_o then_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v equal_a in_o this_o that_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n except_o the_o thing_n in_o dispute_n exceed_v such_o a_o value_n which_o yet_o in_o some_o place_n be_v more_o and_o in_o other_o less_o in_o criminal_a case_n not_o only_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o many_o of_o appeal_n in_o criminal_a case_n there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n the_o burrough_n or_o corporate_a town_n and_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n exercise_v a_o sovereign_a jurisdiction_n without_o any_o appeal_n 19_o but_o then_o if_o there_o be_v any_o controversy_n determine_v how_o the_o controversy_n of_o the_o state_n or_o prince_n be_v determine_v between_o the_o state_n or_o prince_n the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o in_o the_o first_o instance_n have_v their_o resort_n to_o the_o austraega_n or_o arbitrator_n of_o these_o some_o be_v appoint_v in_o a_o peculiar_a convention_n of_o the_o state_n and_o other_o depend_v upon_o the_o common_a disposition_n of_o the_o law_n the_o first_o institution_n of_o this_o judicature_n be_v very_o obscure_a but_o their_o opinion_n seem_v most_o probable_a who_o date_n its_o rise_n about_o the_o time_n of_o frederick_n ii_o and_o ascribe_v it_o to_o that_o long_a interregnum_fw-la this_o interregnum_fw-la begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1198_o when_o philip_n brother_n of_o henry_n vi._n be_v choose_v by_o one_o faction_n and_o otho_n duke_n of_o saxony_n son_n of_o henry_n the_o lion_n and_o maud_n of_o england_n by_o another_o from_o henceforth_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o war_n and_o misery_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1212._o frederick_n ii_o son_n of_o henry_n vi._n be_v after_o many_o other_o choose_v who_o yet_o can_v not_o obtain_v the_o peaceable_a possession_n till_o the_o year_n 1219._o so_o that_o it_o last_v about_o 21_o year_n but_o to_o return_v it_o be_v certain_a maximilian_n the_o first_o be_v not_o the_o author_n of_o this_o court_n though_o he_o give_v it_o a_o new_a form_n which_o be_v extant_a in_o the_o ordination_n of_o the_o chamber_n in_o 1495._o make_v at_o worm_n of_o the_o various_a form_n of_o austraega_n there_o mention_v there_o be_v only_o two_o now_o in_o use_n as_o 1._o the_o defendant_n name_v three_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n out_o of_o which_o the_o plaintiff_n choose_v one_o or_o 2._o they_o obtain_v by_o consent_n of_o the_o emperor_n one_o or_o more_o commissioner_n but_o then_o there_o be_v some_o case_n which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v bring_v before_o the_o austraega_n but_o immediate_o before_o the_o chamber_n of_o spire_n or_o vienna_n which_o may_v be_v find_v in_o many_o very_a common_a book_n now_o there_o be_v these_o inconvenience_n always_o attend_v the_o judgement_n give_v by_o the_o austraega_n 1._o that_o there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n to_o the_o chamber_n so_o that_o very_o few_o controversy_n be_v determine_v by_o they_o 2._o that_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v spend_v in_o treat_v and_o sweeten_v the_o emperor_n commissioner_n 3._o there_o be_v a_o sequestration_n of_o a_o year_n continuance_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o dispute_n which_o time_n be_v allow_v to_o the_o austraega_n to_o give_v in_o their_o award_n because_o it_o be_v think_v a_o indecent_a thing_n to_o determine_v a_o suit_n of_o moment_n in_o less_o time_n in_o germany_n 20._o the_o high_a court_n in_o germany_n be_v the_o vienna_n the_o high_a court_n in_o germany_n be_v the_o chamber_n of_o spire_n and_o vienna_n chamber_n which_o be_v late_o fix_v at_o spire_n which_o be_v institute_v by_o the_o diet_n of_o germany_n under_o maximilian_n i._o in_o 1495._o and_o after_o many_o remove_n fix_v at_o spire_n in_o the_o year_n 1530_o by_o the_o diet_n of_o ausburg_n under_o charles_n v._n where_o it_o remain_v till_o this_o year_n 1689._o now_o though_o this_o court_n use_v the_o name_n of_o the_o emperor_n only_o in_o all_o its_o process_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o depend_v on_o the_o emperor_n only_o but_o act_n in_o the_o behalf_n and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o state_n of_o germany_n the_o emperor_n name_v the_o precedent_n who_o must_v be_v a_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n or_o at_o least_o a_o count_n or_o baron_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o osnabruck_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o under_o this_o prime_a precedent_n there_o shall_v be_v four_o other_o inferior_a precedent_n to_o be_v nominate_v by_o the_o emperor_n and_o at_o least_o fifty_o assessor_n judge_n or_o companion_n with_o they_o twenty_o six_o of_o which_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n and_o twenty_o four_o of_o the_o protestant_n to_o take_v from_o the_o late_a all_o just_a cause_n of_o complaint_n that_o their_o case_n be_v not_o favourable_o hear_v and_o determine_v yet_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v rare_o half_a this_o number_n the_o prince_n that_o shall_v nominate_v and_o pay_v they_o be_v very_o slow_a in_o both_o respect_n they_o be_v much_o offend_v with_o the_o imperious_a command_n of_o this_o court_n though_o they_o rare_o go_v further_o than_o word_n he_o that_o be_v desirous_a to_o know_v the_o exact_a form_n of_o their_o proceed_n must_v read_v the_o order_n of_o the_o chamber_n insert_v into_o the_o recess_n of_o the_o diet_n in_o 1495._o it_o be_v a_o common_a proverb_n that_o the_o suit_n at_o spire_n be_v draw_v on_o but_o never_o die_v spirant_fw-la non_fw-la expirant_fw-la this_o be_v owe_v to_o the_o litigious_a form_n and_o delay_n or_o perplexity_n in_o the_o process_n and_o the_o number_n of_o the_o case_n depend_v before_o too_o small_a a_o number_n of_o judge_n to_o dispatch_v they_o but_o yet_o after_o all_o the_o great_a reason_n be_v the_o difficulty_n of_o execute_v the_o sentence_n for_o the_o prince_n that_o have_v great_a estate_n do_v very_o little_a regard_n what_o the_o judge_n at_o spire_n say_v and_o they_o again_o have_v so_o much_o wit_n that_o they_o will_v not_o hazard_v the_o small_a remainder_n of_o their_o authority_n by_o give_v judgement_n how_o just_o soever_o against_o a_o prince_n of_o that_o power_n that_o he_o will_v despise_v both_o they_o and_o their_o sentence_n but_o then_o in_o this_o court_n as_o in_o other_o if_o they_o catch_v a_o small_a fly_n they_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o hamper_v he_o in_o the_o year_n 1654._o in_o a_o diet_n there_o be_v many_o rule_n or_o provision_n make_v for_o the_o supply_v the_o defect_n of_o this_o chamber_n there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n from_o it_o but_o if_o any_o man_n be_v aggrieve_v he_o may_v desire_v a_o revision_n which_o yet_o to_o my_o knowledge_n be_v never_o seek_v or_o never_o grant_v 21._o there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o emperor_n palace_n institute_v the_o chamber_n of_o vienna_n when_o first_o institute_v another_o court_n which_o pretend_v to_o the_o same_o authority_n with_o that_o of_o spire_n which_o be_v above_o call_v for_o distinction_n the_o chamber_n of_o vienna_n they_o both_o say_v that_o a_o suit_n begin_v at_o spire_n can_v be_v withdraw_v and_o remove_v to_o vienna_n and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_n ferdinand_n the_o emperor_n in_o the_o year_n 1549_o first_o open_v this_o and_o publish_v the_o rule_n or_o law_n by_o which_o it_o be_v to_o proceed_v maximilian_n ii_o increase_v they_o but_o mathias_n in_o the_o year_n 1614_o renew_v it_o and_o ferdinand_n iii_o change_v some_o of_o the_o rule_n in_o the_o diet_n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o see_v the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n art_n 5._o sect._n 20._o artic._n 41_o 42_o 43._o capitul_n leopold_n this_o court_n depend_v sole_o on_o the_o emperor_n though_o the_o judge_n of_o it_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o