the south or toward the north unto the number ninety The Longitude is returned from the Meridian circle and about the west Islands called Carva and Flores beginning right at the Equator easterly and running forwards unto the number three hundred sixty As for example London lyeth from the Equinoctial northward fifty one degrees and a half which is the Latitude and the Longitude thereof is twenty degrees answering unto that degree of the Equinoctial reckoning from the Meridian And now that I have briefly touched upon the Longitude and Latitude of Countries and having often spoke of the Meridian and Horizon I shall I hope not unprofitably take time in a word or two to tell you what each of them are The Meridian is a great circle rounding the earth from pole to pole There are many Meridians according to the divers places in which a man liveth But the chief and first Meridian passeth through the Islands Saint Michael and of the Azores The Horizon is a great circle designing so great a space of the earth as a quick sight can ken in an open field the use of it is to discern the divers risings and settings of the stars I shall now speak a little of the Climates and Parallels and then I hope I have done with things generally concerning the earth A Climate is a space of the earth included within the space of two parallels The use of them is to shew the difference of length and shortnesse of dayes over all the world as you may see in the midst of every climate the number of the longest day in the year under that climate the longest day in one climate differing half an hour from the longest of another so that there are twenty four climates consisting of forty eight parallels ere the day come to be twenty four hours of length which is twelve hours longer than the Equinoctial day is Now under the Equinoctial line and thirteen degrees that is three parallels on either side thereof the dayes exceed not the length of Twelve hours but after in every clime encrease the length of half an hour and when they come to forty eight parallels and twenty four climates as I said before the dayes being then twenty four hours long their increase is then by whole weeks and months till in the twenty fourth clime about the pole the day is full half a year long and as it is thus between the Equator and the north pole so it is between the said Equator and the south pole wherefore there are two sorts of climes that is twenty four northern and as many southern touching the names of which and other circumstances I shall say nothing here but leave the readers to other more large discourses thinking this enough in a Tract of this nature to have spoken of things generally concerning the whole earth The whole Earth is now divided into four parts Europe Asia Africa America Of each part and their several Regions Empires Kingdoms Dominions Common-wealths Titles of honours and Laws as briefly as I can together also with their sundry trade and commodities Europe though the least of the three first parts of the world nevertheless excelleth all other parts in worthiness power renown multitudes of well-builded Cities and of People skilful in all kind of arts also excelling in virtue and the knowledge of God better than all the riches of the world Through the Grecian and Romane Empire in it it hath had once the Dominion over Asia and Africa Mr. Heylin mentions in it fourteen mother Tongues which I will not stand now to name It hath plenty of grain plants fruits coals rivers and fountains of admirable virtue it needs nothing but what may be well spared as hot spices not so fit for our temper precious jewels the nourishers of vain and soul-destroying pride and wild beasts which cause desarts where they breed yet of gold silver and other commodities it hath a part it is divided on the east from Asia partly by the Rivers Duina and Tunnis and partly by the lake called Meotis now termed Mare de le Zabacche pont Euxine or Mare Maggiore From Africa it is severed by the midland Sea on the west and north side it hath the great Ocean I shall follow Mr. Heylin's method in the description of the Regions and Countries thereof beginning with first Italy then going secondly to the Alps thirdly France fourthly Spain fifthly Brittain sixthly Belgia seventhly Germany eighthy Denmark ninethly Swetheland tenthly Russia eleventhly Poland twelfthly Hungary thirteenthly Solavonia fourteenthly Dacia and the fifteenth Greece speaking of the several Islands as they relate to some or other of the greater Countries Italy the Mother of all Latine Learning stretcheth out easterly on Asia between the Adriatick and Thuscan Seas and borders towards the west upon France and towards the north on Germany and is severed from those countries by the river Varus and the mountains called Alpes the rest being compassed with the Sea It hath had seven kinds of Government first Kings second Consuls third Dictators forth Decemviri fifth Tribunes sixth Emperours seventh Popes It flourished most in the time of Christ and a little afterwards by means of the great and wide dominion of the mighty city of Rome which then reigned as Queen of the world over many Lands of Europe Asia and Africa This land excelleth all the lands of Europe in fruitfulness and pleasantness the inhabitants are witty industrious and frugal yet hot and lascivious And withall the men very jealous and that taken to be not without cause The religion there now professed is the Popish religion unto which they are more straightly kept by the Inquisition The chief Wares which are carried out of Italy into other Countries are rice silks velvets sattins taffaties grogrems rashes stamels bumbasins fustians felts serving for Clokes costly arras gold and silver thred allum galls Venetian drinking and looking-glasses It containeth at this day the Kingdoms of Naples Sicily and Sardinia the lands and patrimony of the Church so called which the Pope posseth the great Dukedomes of Urbin and Tuscany the Common-wealths of Venice Genoa and Luca and the estates of Lumbardy being the Dukedomes of Millain Mantua Modena Parma Monferrat and the Principality of Piemont of all which I shall observe somewhat The Kingdome of Naples in Italy is environed on all sides with the Adriatick Ionian and Tuscan Seas excepting where it joyneth on the west to the Lands of the Church from which separated by a line drawn from the mouth of the River Tronto or Druentus falling into the Adriatick to the spring head of Axofenus it taketh up all the east of Italy one thousand four hundred sixty eight miles it hath anciently been called the Kingdome of both the Sicilies The fertilest place of all Italy abounding in all things necessary for life delight and physick Hence are also brought the Neapolitan Horses It hath had thirteen Princes twenty four Dukes twenty five Marquesses ninety
abode at Constantinople it is bounded on the west with the Adriatick Sea on the north with the Mountain Hemus on the south with the the Mediterranean Sea and on the east Egypt Hellespont Propontis The commodities brought from hence are Gold Silver Copper divers Colours Wines and Velvets Damask and Turkish Grogram Their Religion hath in it some substantial error as that they deny that the Holy Ghost proceedeth from the Father and the Son they hold also baptism of Fire to be necessary yet they resist the authority of the Bishop of Rome This Greece that once had the Empire of the World the great Mistress of Arts and Arms is degenerated into the like base servility of minde with their neighbours of Sclavonia Here also the Gospel shone in its first purity the seven Candlesticks being placed here as we read in the beginning of the Revelations and now is universally over-spread with the thick darkness of Mahometisme Nothing left to comfort them in their Condition but their Vines and the Proverb The Merry Greeks that arose from the wretchless stupidity and carelessness of their Condition which they know no better to put out of their mind than by making themselves Beasts metamorphosing themselves from Slavery into Brutality nor are they falsly taxed with Bestiality that crying sin of Sodomy So that there is little hope left of their recovering their liberty who are fettered in the chaius of such abominable impieties And thus now have I finished Europe the first Part of the World The Names of the greatest and most Famous Cities and Rivers in Europe IN Italy the Cities of Genoa Milan Venice Florence Rome Bologne and Naples the Rivers most famous are Arnus Tibur and Po. The Cities in France that are most famous are Amiens Roven Paris Troyes Nanles Orleans Diion Lyons Burdeoux Toulose Marsâ—…illes Grenoble Auvergne the Rivers that are most remarkable are the Loyre the Garone the Rhone the Seyne The Cities in Spain that do most prefer themselves to observation are Toledo Madrid Leon Pampelune Bilbo Priede Saint Iames of Compostella Lisbone Fax Siville Grenade Mursy Sarragosa Barcelona and Valentia the Rivers there most famous are the Dower the River of Tagus the Gadian and the Guadelguiner The Cities in England that be most famous are London York Bristol the Rivers most famous are the Thames the Severn the River of Humber and the Ouze The Cities in Scotland most famous are Edinborough Sterlin Aberden and Saint Andrews the most famous River is the River of Tay. The most famous City in Ireland is Dublin and the greatest River is the River of Shannon The chiefest Cities in the Netherlands belonging to the Catholicks are Metz Besancon Cambeyr Antwerp the chief City belonging to the united States is Amsterdam the two most famous Rivers are the River of Scheld and the River Mosa The most famous Cities in Germany are Strasbâ—…rough Colen Munster Norimberg Ausburgh Nuremberg Vienna Prague Dresden Berlin Stetin and Lubeck the chiefest Rivers are the Rhine the Weser the Elbe the Odor and the 〈◊〉 The most famous Cities in Denmark are Coppenhague and Trondon the chiefest River is the Wezer The chiefest Cities in Swedeland are Calmer Stockholm Abâ—… and Riga the last whereof is in Livonia but now in the possession of the King of Sweden the most famous River is the River of Torn The chiefest Cities of Russia are Muscow Woldimar Saint Michael the Arch-Angel Cazan and Astracan the most famous Rivers are the Dwine the Volga the Don or Tana The most famous Cities in Poland are Cracovia Warsovia Dantzick Vilna Diâ—…n 〈◊〉 and Smolenscâ—… which is part of Muscovy and now again in the possession of the Great Duke the chiefest Rivers in Poland are the Vistuâ—…a or Weisser the Nieper the Duna or the Niester and the Boresthenes The chiefest Cities in Hungary Transylvania Valachia Moldavia and little Tartary are Buda Presborough Hermonstade Tergovius Czucham or Sozow Craffa and Burgos the chiefest Rivers are the Drin the River of Oxfeus or Aâ—…feus the Rivers of Peneus the Vardax the Marize and the Danubius The chief Cities of Transylvania are Weysenlurg Clausenburg and Waradin The most famous Cities in Dacia are Trieste and Pedena The most famous Cities in Bohemia are Prague Cuttenburgh Pilzen and Budrozis The most famous Cities at this time in Greece Buda Salonique Andrianopolis Scutary Durazzo La Valone L Armire Prevezza Larta Lepanto Setino or Athens Stines or Thebes Corinth Patras Misira or Lacedemonia which are all now in the possession of the Turks The most famous Cities in Bosnia are Iucyza Bagnalour Fruansaray in Croatia is the famous City of Whitz The chiefest Cities in Sclavonia are Nona Zara Nonigrad Tinu Sebenico St. Nicolo Trau Spalato Salonâ—… 〈◊〉 Starigrad Vesiechio Catara Buda and Dolcigno The most famous City in Walachia is called Tergovis and in Moldavia Zaczow In the Land of Sicily there are the famous Cities of Messina and Palermo in the Island of Sardinia the City of Calari and in Corsica the City Bastic The renowned Cities in Romania are Constantinople and Adrianopolis Asia ASia is now the second part of the World separated from Europe by the floods Tanais and Duina and from Africa by the narrow part of Lod de lakis and the Red-Sea bordering on Aegypt It is bigger then Europe or Africa and doth far exceed them in riches as Precious-Stones and Spices This Region hath been renowned by the first and second Monarchs of the World There was Man Created placed in Paradise Seduced by Satan and Redeemed by our Saviour In this part was done most of the Histories mentioned in the Old Testament and many things also in the New the eminent Persons that have the Rule of Asia are the Kings of China the King of Persia the great Turk the King of India or Indosthan the King of Portugal the King of Iapan and the Emperour of Russia Tartaria is bordered upon the north Sea eastward upon the Sea of China southward upon the Provinces of China and India with the flood Oxdo and the Sea Mare Caspium and towards the west with the flood Mare Steneum and Moscovia The Tartarians as they are divided into certain Kingdomes Principalities and Commoalties or Colonies one from another so they differ in manners and trade of life They are Men of a square stature broad and gross faces their eyes sunk into their heads and looking somewhat asquint they are strong of body and hardy they eat Horses and all other Beasts except Hogs howsoever they are slain The Crim or Precopense Tartar is the greatest and most Potent Prince in this vast and uncultivated Territory He is next Heir to the Ottoman Family of the Great Turk if the Male-line should fail to whose service he is alwayes ready bound to attend on the designs of the Turks upon Christendome The other Chief is called the Czeremise Tartar of whom came that famous Conquerour the great Tamberlaine who over-ran all Asia Their greatest War now is either with
the Chinese or with the Russe but the Crim Tartar is wholly Mercenary being in the late War of Poland employed first by the Pole and then by the Swede and Transylvanian Prince Ragotzki China is bounded on the east by the east Sea on the west with India and Bramus and on the north it is divided from Tartaria with a wonderfull Wall four hundred miles long built between the Mountains It is divided into fifteen Kingdoms or great Provinces each having a peculiar Prince but all yielding obedience to their great King It is reported that he may bring into the Field three hundred thousand Foot and two hundred thousand Horse-men The Land is fruitful of Grain and Beasts wild and tame Wines of Precious Stones Gold Copper Iron Steel Pearl and good store of Silk Also very great Cities well peopled Paqu'n is the Royal City of which things be written that be incredible The People are lively witty wonderous Artists they make Waggons that sail over the land as Ships do over the Sea the Art of Printing and making of Guns is more ancient with them than with us they have good Lawes according to which they do live but they want the knowledge of God for they are Heathens and Worship the Sun Moon and Stars yea and the Devil himself that he may not hurt them Of this Kingdome of China there is little writ either certain or true because of its vast distance which if the North-west passage had been passable and not frozen might have been throughly known The last news from thence was that the Tartars had invaded that Kingdome and had thrown down part of that eminent Wall abovesaid that was built for a Fence against their incursions and defeated the Chinese in several Battels It hath been travelled of late by some forraign Friers but our English Ships seldome thriving in the Voyage is the reason no better account can be given of their Government Lawes and Customes From thence come the China dishes called Porcelane which the Fathers prepare 40 years under ground and lay up for their Sons as an Estate before it be fit for use its fineness and transparency requiring such a time of perfection Iapan aboundeth so with Gold that it is reported that the Kings Pallace was covered therewith in the time of Paulus Venetius These Iapanneses are the best Navigators and Sailers of the Nations of those parts of the World for which they are beholding to the situation of their Country being an Island so that they are very frequent and use Commerce in all that Quarter and prove good Auxiliary Souldiers to the several Princes They are much entertained by the Dutch as may be seen in the business of Amboyna India situated between Persia and the Tartars Sinca and the Indian Sea all Writers account the best and goodliest Land in the World for it fills almost the whole World with precious Jewels and Pearls Medicinal Drugs and Perfumes that it may be called an earthly Paradise The King of this Country the Great Mogul is certainly the richest and most Magnificent Prince in the World which to shew to his Subjects at the several seasons of the year as it grows Hot or Cold he removes his Court from City to City of great distance south and north his Countrey being very vast and well peopled But his chief Imperial City is Agraâ—… where as most great Cities of the East Lime trees and others of great shade and sweet sent are placed along the streets most beautifull and pleasant to behold The Mogul is altogether if not more absolute than any of the Eastern Princes all whose Governments are Monarchical Tyrannies Every morning he shews himself in great State to his Nobles and Princes who prostrate and adore him and at the same time the Elephants of which he keeps many hundreds are brought to Salam that is to bow and bend their knee which being taught they will do very readily To this Mogul King Iames sent the Earl of Denbigh Ambassador to Treat or rather to Complement about our Trade in the East-Indies Surrat being in his Dominions where constantly one of his chief Nobles is resident as Governour The Earl carried Presents with him but was most magnificently and costly Re-presented by the Mogul even to an Estate and his Ambassie civilly and effectually answered we count them Barbarians but they are a Nation of extraordinary Civility as our Commerce witnesseth where they love they love ardently and constantly and where they hate they hate furiously and deadly At present they are engaged in a Civil War for the Mogul Sultan Coram lately dying left his Estate in Dispute though divided to his three Sons of whom he most loved his youngest who by the favour and practice of the chief of the Nobility having gained the Army which is alwayes kept standing possest himself of most part of the Empire while his Brothers were disputing with one another about other the private Limits and Boundaries of their Lands Both are now joyned against him but with what successe is not yet known The English Trade is neverthelesse no way molested or impeached their Governour now siding with the Younger Brother but is carried on as formerly the chief Merchants of that Nation being the Banians a sect and preciser sort of People than the rest the most of them being Mahometans who are just dealers and very rich and negotiate in all the Traffique of the East The Hollanders have some places of Strength here also and are in League with the Mogul though in War with some of the adjacent lesser Princes The King of Portugal is possest of the Kingdome of Goa and other large Provinces and Territories which were formerly distinct Kingdomes and Principalities but Conquered and won by his Sword but hath been disquieted and disturbed very often as well by the Natives as the Dutch but yet he hath made a shift to keep the greatest part still in his hands and consequently a very rich Trade and Traffique which he manageth himself There is alwayes resident at Goa his Vice-roy one of the Portugal Nobility who lives in great Pompe and State in a very fair Palace The City is strongly fortified and several out-Forts and Guards circumjacent to prevent a sudden attempt of an Enemy and other Fortresses are erected in that Kingdome some whereof are put into the hands of the English by agreement the Coast being beneficial to our Navigation into the Indies The Portugal Inhabitants follow the Habit and Fashion of the Indians as all Nations whatsoever Trading thither do their Habit. Persia is a mighty rich Land governed by the Sophy though he be a Mahometist yet he warreth against the Turk for the Religion of Mahomet concerning the expounding of the Alcoran out of Persia are brought the Bezoar-stone and other precious Stones Pearls of great value and many Silk-works This Kingdom once honoured with the Universal Empire as absolutely lost it self under the Turkish Slavery as before under the victorious
sailing towards the North about on thousand six hundred forty further than Guinny discovered divers Lands and passing on the South-side sailed about the East coast of New Guinny and so going on Westward he came to the Indies whence we may certainly gather that all the former descriptions and definitions of the Magellanick and unknown Lands are but mean abuses and certain devised Fables These Lands and Countries being subdued in the space of 60 years with much blood and hazard were settled as his Dominions in the year 1550 from which time they have continued without any remarkable alteration setting aside some private inroads of the English Dutch and French till the business of Iamaica which now threatens some danger to the vast and potent body of the Spanish Empire Brazil This Province beginneth where Guana endeth at two degrees of south latitude where there is a point called the Cape of Snakes from whence it lyeth along the Coast of the North-Sea to twenty five degrees and on the back-side west lyeth the Provinces of the River of Plate The air is the whole year through very hot the Winter which your Summer distinguished only with the rain that falleth at that season Here are many venemous Worms and great Serpents 't is plentiful of Pastures Cattel and Horses little Millet and no English grain wherefore their bread is Casabi or Potatoes which are in great plenty There are great shews of silver and gold but none gotten nor Mines certainly known The chief commodity is Sugar Cotton-wool Bombast and Brazil wood It hath near the Sea-coast about 20. Portugal Towns many Ingeniowes or Sugerworks the first Town of the Country is called Tamerico and five leagues to the south of that Farnambuck or Recif then All Saints a hundred leagues from Farnambuck in fourteen degrees forty minutes The Town of the Sure-haven in 16 degrees and a half the Holy-Ghost in 20. There is another Town on the River Generio in twenty three degrees near which they cut much Brasil-wood There are on the coast eight or ten Ports more principal than the rest which are the River Saint Dominick northeast of Farnambuck by the Cape of Saint Augustine which standeth in nine degrees The Island of Tamerico before rehearsed the River of Saint Francis in ten degrees and a half It is very great The Bay of All Saints is three leagues and thirteen up into the land The River of Trinidado and the River of Canamon in 13 degrees and a half and the River of the Virgins in 16 and Portesceurae in 17. The River of Parague in twenty near the Town of Sanctus Spiritus and in twenty three degrees Cold Cape beyond Saint Vincent This Province hath been in difference betwen the Portugeses and West-India Company of Holland and as the Dutch got great footing there without right so the Portugals since their falling from Spain have surprized them again and recovered them by the same slight they got the East-Indies from us but not with such vile murthers as they committed on the English This Reconquest of it by the Portugal from the Dutch was in 1654 the strong Fort of Recif which held out the last being delivered to them with the whole Land by certain Articles which contained the whole surrender for which the Dutch General there Sigismond Schop at his comming home into Holland was tried for his life but his Friends or the Justice of his Cause preserved him And thus now God enabling me I have finished the Description of the World and the four parts thereof and leave my endeavours herein to the judgement of the Reader The chiefest Cities of America with the Names of the Rivers IN the Northern part of America are Greenland East-land and Iceland in which are the Towns of Bearford and Scalbod In Canada or new France are the Towns of Quebec and Port-Royal some degrees more southerly are New-England the New-Low-countries Virginia the Isles of Bermudes and more southerly of them the Islands of Barbadoes and Saint Christophers In Virginia are the towns of Iames In New-England the towns of Plimmouth and Boston the Rivers in Canada that be most famous are the River of Canada or Saint Lawrence the River of Chesseapeac or Powatan Trinity and the River of May. The Cities in New-Mexico that are most remarkable are the End and the Granado In Hispaniola is the City of Domingo in Cubai the City called Havana In the Isle of Iamaica the City called Sevilla In the Island of Boriquenrie Puerto-Rico In Florida is Saint Augustino In Mexico or New-Spain are these great Cities Mexico Mechoacan or Wallodolid Saint Estevan Del Puerto Los-Angeles Antequera De la Vetoria Meroda Guadalaida Compostella Saint Sebastian Saint Miguel Gernada and Zacateca There are also Saint Iago De Guatimala Guevetulan Cividad Real Verapax Valadolid or Commagaiva Leoa de Nicaragua Cartago La Conception Porto ello and Panama The Rivers here most famous are North of New-Mexico Spiritu Sancto towards the east Spiritu Sancto towards the west Econdido Panuco Barania Zacatula and Desaguadero de Nicaragua In Terra Firma are the famous Cities of Cartagena Saint Martha Saint Fe de Bogatta Na Sa de los Remedios Veneznella O Cori Cordova Lannuenâ—… O Comana Manoa O el Dorado In Peru are these remarkable Cities Cali Popaian Saint Francisco de Quito Bacca Saint Iuan de las Selinas Lima O los Reyes Cusco Potosi la Plata Sancta Cruz de la Sierra Saint Iago de Chili and L' Imperiale The Rivers which are most famous in Terra Firma and in Peru the River Grand O de Darien the River Grand O de Santa Martha Paria Orinoque Essequebe and Desaguedero de Peru. In the south part of America is Terra Magellanica where is the City of Del Rey Felippe there are the Magellan Isles and Terra del Foco. In Brasil are these fifteen memorable Cities Para Maranhan Ciara Potenii Paraiba Tamaraca Olinda Seregippe Saint Salvador Los Isteos Porto Seguro Spiritu Sancto Sancte Sebastian Los Santos and Farnambuck The Rivers in Brasile are Orelane or des Amazones Maragnan O de Mirari Tabacourn the great River of Potengi the River Zoyal In Ria de plata are the Cities of Saint Iago del Festero Cordova de Tucuman L. Assumtion Cividad Real O Ontiveros The River here that is most famous is called Paraguay FINIS A Catalogue of some Plates Maps Pictures and Copy-books that are Printed and Sold by John Overton dwelling at the sign of the White Horse next door to Little Saint Bartholomews Gate in Little Brittain General Maps A Map of the World A most excellent Map of England Scotland and Ireland A Map of France A new Map of England adorned and beautified with the chief Cities and Towns thereof more exact than hitherto Maps of Shires Kent two sheets Essex Surrey Hartfordshire Norfolk Suffolk Staffordshire Warwickshire Worcestershire Leicestershire and Rutland in one Cheshire Lancashire Virginia Pictures of Men in Quarto The Picture of Oliver Cromwell Sir Tho. Overbury Cardinal Wolsey Sir Tho. Gresham D. of Buckingham Prince Princess of Orange Prince Rupert Prince Maurice E. of Salisbury Mr. Brightman Bish. Usher Dr. Eravius M. Shelton Gen. Lashly L. Say E. of Pembrook E. of Manchester Great Sheets The Pourtraictures of their most excellent Majesties King Charles 2d and Queen Katherine most excellently Graven to the life beyond all Draughts before in Imperial Paper The Pourtraictures of all the Royal Progeny Battel of Nazeby 2 sheets with observations Dunbar-battel in 2 sheets 4 Plates of signs or badges for Inns or Taverns 42. The City of London Gunpowder Treason and 88. The Arms of the Trades and Corporations of London 74. A Death Jerusalem 2 sheets Collonel Ludlow on Horseback X Commandments X Persecutions of Christians Orpheus Copy-Books Some late Copy-Books by Ed. Cocker with several Books of Flowers Beasts Birds Flies and Worms very delightful and useful to all Naturalists A Book of Flowers and Fishes with the same curiosity of Art Davis Copy-Book Billingsley in Quarto Billingsley in Octavo One published by P. S. 2d by Lewis Hews 2d called Hancocks 22. Plates And all other sorts of Copy-Books that are to be had in London Books for Draughts of Men Birds Beasts Flowers Fruits Flyes Fishes c. 1 Book of J. Fullers Drawings 15. plates 1 Book of Draughts of Mr. Hollars work and Mr. Vanderburghs 18 plates Flora 13 plates Beasts Birds c. 1 Book of Birds sitting on sprigs 16 plates 1 Book of Beasts 1 Book of branches 11 plates 1 Book of Flowers 12 Plates for Cheese trenchers Pictures in Sheets of their Excellencies Rob. E. Essex Tho. L. Fairfax Also O. Cromwell Divers Pictures of Mr. Payn Hollar Faythorn Pumbarp Gaywood and other Artists works And all other sorts of Maps Pictures Copy-books c. that are usually sold in black and white and in Colour Minerva and 7 liberal Arts. FINIS The Earth The Air. The Fruits
Earls and nine hundred Barons not Titular only but men of great Estates It hath had twenty six Kings of several Countries beginning first with the Norman race and now being in the hand of Spain The disease called now the French Pox was first in all Christendome found here The Arms of this Kingdome are Azure seme of Fleur de Lices Or a file of three Labels Gules It s revenue is two millions and an half of Crowns whereof twenty thousand are the Popes for his chief rent and the rest so exhausted in maintaining Garrisons upon the Natives and a strong Navy against the Turks that the King of Spain receiveth not a fourth part theâ—…eof clearly It hath twenty Arch-bishops and one hundred twenty seven Bishops-seas This Crown and Kingdom hath been in long dispute between France and Spain Charles the Eighth of France won and lost it in a Dream so transitory was his possession of it much blood being spilt in the quarrel The Duke of Guise of the Family of Lorrain now pretends a right to it and hath attempted the Conquest of it of late years twice being called in by the Citizens of Naples in 1647. after that famous insurrection in the City of Naples under Mâ—…ssianelio the Fisherman who led and commanded 100000 men at his beck and pleasure for 14. dayes at the end whereof he and his mutinous Government expired being supposed to be poysoned by the Artifice of the Spaniard In the year 1654. the same Duke of Guise having better retained in mind the Courtshâ—…ps of the Neapolitans than his own misfortunes and his promises made at Madrid where he was kept prisoner from the time that Naples was reduced 1647. equipped another Fleet from that Kingdome from Toulon and Marseilles which nâ—…rrowly escaped the English Fleet under General Blake designed against it and after much bad weather landed and was defeated by the Spanish Vice-roy his Lieutenant General Marquis du Plessis being killed in the place with 2000 more and so the French were forced to re-imbarque and the Expedition frustrated The Spaniards how quietly hold it from the Papacy by a fealty Present yearly of a White Horse to his Holyness The Kingdom of Sicilia in Italy is situate under the fourth climate the longest day being thirteen hours and an half it shoots forth into the Sea with three Capes or Promontories The People are Ingenious Eloquent and Pleasant but withall very inconstant and full of talke they Invented Oratory Pastorall Eclogues Hour-glasses with Military Engins The Soyl is incredibly fruitfull in Wine Oyl Honey Minerals of Gold Silver and Allum together with plenty of Salt and Sugar there are also gems of Agats and Emeralds it yieldthe also great store of the richest Silk hath most excellent and delicious Fruits both for tast and colour with abundance also of all sorts of Grain Here is the hill Aetna which many have taken to be Hell and ignorant Papists Purgatory because of its sending forth of flames of fire which eth brimstone there causeth It hath many Cities Rivers and Lakes of which I cannot stand to treat There were eight Kings of Sicilia six of the first whereof were called to rule In the year one thousand two hundred eighty one the house of Arragon governed it and there hath succeeded ten Kings It is now united to the Crown of Spain the revenue is eight hundred thousand some say a million of Ducats disbursed again on the entertainment of the Vice-Roy defence of the Island the Arms are four Pallets Gules Sable being those of Arragon between two Flanches Argent charged with as many Eâ—…g'es Sable beaked Gules It hath had seven Princes four Dukes thirteen Marquisses fourteen Earls one Viscount and fourty eight Barons the People are Papists and have three Arch-bishops and nine Bishops The Island and Kingdom of Sardinia in Italy lieth west from Sicilie from the neerest point Cape Boy or Cape Bara It is distant about two hundred miles it is in length one hundred eighty miles ninety in breadth five hundred sixty in the circuit and is situate under the fourteenth Climate the longest day being fourteen houres there is neither Wolf nor Serpent neither venomous or hurtful beast but the Fox only and a little creature like a Spider which will by no means endure the sight of the Sun except held by violence Some pools it hath very plentiful of Fish but generally are so destitute of River-water that they are fain to keep the rain which falls in winter for their use in summer by means whereof and for that there is no passage for the Northern Winds being obstructed by the high Mountains neer Cape Lugudori the air is generally unhealthy if not pestilential The soil is very fertile but ill manured well stored with all sorts of cattel the horses hereof hot head-strong and hard to be broken but will last long the bullocks naturally gentle so that the Country-man doth as familiarly ride them as they do in Spain on Mules or Asses Here is also the beast called Mufr nes or Muscriones found in Corsica also but in no other part of Europe somewhat resembling a Stagg but of so strong an hide that it is used by the Italian in stead of Armour of the skin of which carryed to Cordova in Spain and there dressed is made the right Cordovant leather also there is an Herb whereof if one eat it is said that he will die with laughter the Herb being of such a poysonous nature that it causeth the Man to die with such a convulsion of sinews that he seemeth to grinn or laugh at the time of his death The People are small of stature their Complexion inclining unto swarthiness rude in Manners very slothful and rebellious yet given to Hunting their Diet mean their Apparel in Towns Gorgeous in Villages base their Religion Papistically formal little Curious their Clergy being counted the most illiterate and ignorant in that part of the World called Christendome it is now in the hands of the King of Spain governed by a Vice-Roy who resides at Calaris and must of necessity be a Spaniard under whom are two Deputies-Governours Spaniards also inferiour Officers of command may be of the natives what profits arise here to the King of Spain I have no where found The arms hereof are said to be Or a cross Gules betwixt four Saracens heads Sable curled argent There are also divers small Islands belonging thereunto And lastly it hath three Arch-bishops and fifteen Bishops The lands of the Church or the Popes Dominions in Italy lie west of the Realm of Naples extended north and south from the Adriatick to the Tuscan-Seas bounded on the north-east with the river Trontus on the south-east with the Axofenus by which two it is parted from that Kingdom as on the north-west by the rivers Poe and Frore by which it is separated from the State of Venice and on the southwest by the river Pisco by which it is divided from the modern Tuscany
permit them to beg Seventhly they baptize themselves every Epiphany in lakes and ponds because that day they suppose Christ to have been baptized of Iohn in Iordan Eightly they eat not of those beasts which in the old Law are reckoned for unclean Ninthly and they keep the Jews Sabbath equally solemn with the Lords day Tenthly they minister the Lords Supper to Infants presently after baptisme Eleventhly they teach the reasonable soul of man is derived from the parents by seminal propagation Twelfthly that Insants dying unbaptized are sanctified in the womb by vertue of the Lords Supper received by the mother after her conception And finally they shew a Book of eight volumes writ as they say by the Apostles assembled at Ierusalem for that purpose the contents thereof they observe most solemnly and they differ from the Papists as the Christians in Egypt they are under the Government of Prester Iohn and the Turk I pass by Ethiopia inferior the people being Pagans where we may observe the distinguishing goodness and grace of God who by people under the same climate and Region is known and unknown a peculiar Kingdom surrounded every where with Pagans and Mahometans worshipping the living God and believing in Christ though erring in many circumstantials of Orthodox Doctrine imputable chiefly to remedilesse Tradition This is the Abassine Empire from whence the Eunuch that was converted by St. Philip the Treasurer to Queen Candace came and which is now the Realm and Dominions of Prester Iohn a Prince of large Territory but of scant and narrow fame for any atchievment and may be supposed more beholding to credulous reports for his Greatness than any real existence thereof However he serves with others to fill up that great Desart and truly Terra Incognita of the world the curiosity of travel being no way competent to the danger among such inhospitable and savage people as that quarter does the Map to idle or no purpose and therefore it shall take up no further room for the Description of it we will only touch a little upon the Southern Coast where we are concerned in matter of Trade Guinea stretching all along the South-west Shore of the Atlantick Sea is bounded on the North and East with Lybia famous for Mines of Gold hidden in the Bowells of some of its inland Mountains for which it is very much traffiqued by all the European Nations even the Swedes Danes and Dantzickers though lockt up by a dangerous Sea at home such is the sacred thirst of that Mettal that through all hazzards and difficulties it is attempted The Hollander to secure his footing there and to make a propriety hath built several Forts and established a Guinea-Company in imitation of the English who justly claim the right possession being the first discoverers and that made Essay of the place and are still better liked and entertained by the Natives then the Dutch are Since His Majesties Restitution they have quitted and delivered several Forts built upon the passage into the Countrey to the English Fleet sent thither to settle the Trade and former Factory according to its former Regulation Here may not be omitted that little spot of earth lying in the Mediterranean Sea the Isle of Malta which by Geographers is reckoned as part of Africa for no greater reason I suppose then St. Pauls character of the Inhabitants upon his Shipwrack there in his Voyage to Rome where he calleth them Barbarians a term appropriate to the adjacent Continent for this Island is scituated South from Sicily from whence it is not half so far disjoyned as from the Coast of Africa and is the Diamond to that large circumference It is very notable for the famous repulse and defeat of the Turkish Armado about 1490. being besieged by Sea by Mustapha Bâ—…ssa when Mounsieur de Valette a Frenchman was grand Master in honour of whom and their deliverance they have built and called their chief City Valette The Knights that are called of this place were formerly of Rhodes which Solyman the Great conquered and from thence setled here To this Order none but Gentlemen of three Descents are admitted and must be Papists The whole Order consisted of Seven Colledges French Spaniards Germans Italians English Portugals and Sâ—…voyrards but since the Reformation in England we have had none of the Order which mindes me of a Speech of Queen Elizabeth concerning forreign Honours conferred on some of her subjects That she would have her Sheep to be known by her own Brand. It continues at present in Statu quo a great vexation and terrour to the Turkish Navigation with whom they are to be at perpetual Enmity by their vow of Knighthood And thus much may suffice to be spoken of Africa we will next Enumerate the perticular Cities and Rivers The chiefest Cities of Africa with the names of the Rivers which are there most famous IN Barbary which containeth the Kingdoms of Fez Morocco Tremiser Algeir Tunis Tripoli and Barca there are the famous Cities Morocco Fez Tangier Telensin Oran Algeir Constantine Tunis Tripoli and Barca The Rivers there most famous are the Tensife the Ommiraby and the River of Cebus Mulvia Rio Major and the Magrida In Belledulgered which containeth the Kingdoms of Suz Daza Sagelmosse Tegorarin Biledulgerid and the Desart of Barca there are these famous Cities Taradante Dara Segelmoss Tegorarin Zeb Billedulgerid the chiefest Rivers are the River of Sur the River of Darba and the Ghir In Egypt are the famous Cities of Sabod Cairo Alexandria Rascha or Rosesta Damiettâ—… Cosir and Surs the renowned River is the River of Nilus In the desert of Zaara are these memorable cities Zauhaga Zuenzera Targa Lemta Berdoa Gaoga and Borno In the Country of the Negroes are these remarkable Cities Gue Eata Gueneha Tombu Agados Cano Cassena Gangara Tula Catan or Senega Guinala Beria Melli Songo Gago Wuber Zegzog and Sanfara the rivers here that are most famous are Sernoga Gambaea and Rio Degrand In Gniomy are these famous Towns Serze-Lionne or Cachieu Saint George De la Mine and Benin In Nubia are these remarkable Cities Gorham Cusam Nubia Dancala Iulac Bugiha Canfila and Dafila In the upper Ethiopia which containeth the Kingdomes of Barnegus Tigremahon Amara Damont Cafatos Innari Gogame Baga Medri Meroe Ximenchi and Dambaea There are these famous Cities Barone Caxumo Amara Damont Gefates Narre Goyame and Adeghena the Rivers which are here most memorable are the Rivers of Zaire and Quilmanci In that part which is called Zanguebar are these remarkable Cities Dambea Mosambiqueâ—… Quiloa Monbaze Melinda On the side of Aian are Bravâ—… Magadaxo Adea Adel. On the side of Abex Erocco or Arquico Suâ—…quem Biafra In the lower Ethiopia which comprehendeth Congo Caffrare and Monomotepa are the famous Cities of Banza Loanga S. Salvador Cabazze or Dongo Safula Simbaos or Messapa and Butua and Tang or Tete the Rivers are Cuana Spiritu Sancto and the River Dos infantes In Africa are divers other Islands
besides Malta In the Western Ocean the Canaries the Cape Verd and the Isle of Saint Thomas the chiefest in the Canaries is called Saint Iago and in Saint Thomas Panoasan In the Eastern Ocean there is the Isle of Madagascar or Saint Laurence and the Isle of Zocotora which hath a City after her own name America THE Vain and Ambitious lamentation of Great Alexander had he extended his Life to the same prodigious length as he did his victorious Arms might have found new Worlds to conquer when he might have past from his Conquest of the Sea of the East to the Shore of the West-Indies It hath been observed by those that have curiously calculated the rise growth and perfection of Arts and Learning that they have alwayes followed the fortune of Arms and Empire which having traversed the East and verged Westward to Grecia setled in the Roman Greatnesse among the rest of those Arts Astronomy and Geometry and the product of those Navigations have been by the Europeans highly improved who scorning the pusillanimity of former Ages that crept in their Vessels by the Shore have adventured into the dangerous Main and by skilfull presumption have discovered new Lands and so far advanced the knowledge of them by frequent Voyages that it is concluded so far as Sea and Land is passable there can be no other Countries undiscoverable Since which fortunate adventures the course of the World and Governments have been altered for Empire hath followed Arts to wit the discovery of those Treasures and Mines which innocent Nature had so long obscured and hidden from these parts of the World For the King of Spain being possest of these Mines as we shall see presently a wonder it is how formidable he grew and to what greatness he arose even to the aspiring ambition of an Universal Monarchy disdaining to be numbered the Fifth the other Four being indeed but partly so whereas this aimed to be one and all and Thomas de Campanella a Learned Iesuit hath written a very elaborate Tract shewing the means and feisible wayes thereunto The first Discoverer of this Fourth part of the World was Christopher Columbus a Genoese who having studied Geometry and been bred at Sea had more then strong imaginations that there were great and vast Regions to the Westward of Europe and thereupon communicated the Project to several Merchants who unwilling or unable to hazard so much Money as was requisite to such an undertaking advised him to address himself to some Prince whose Dominions were accommodated to the Design if it did succeed by whom he might be set forth upon the Voyage which he so importunately prosecuted as it is natural with all Men who fancy to themselves a single and sure way to Honour and Profit VVhereupon he addressed himself first to our King Henry the Seventh and laid open to him and his Council the fair possibilities of the Design and the advantages which would thence accrue to this Crown being so conveniently scituated for that Navigation King Henry heard him but gave little credit to his Discourses affecting a secure Exchequer which he had unknown wayes before to fill beyond the uncertain hopes of unknown Mines which like the Philosophers Stone might have no other existence than in projection He then made offer of this his service to Ferdinand King of Arragon and Castile a wise and prudent Prince who publickly weighing the small charge against the exceeding Honour and Gain consented to His desires and furnished him with fifteen Ships Men and Victuals for the Vovage giving him Commission and Authority in his name to pursue the adventure Our Chronicles indeed report that after this fruitless proffer which was in the year 1488. King Henry gavea Commission to one Iohn Canbâ—…t and his three Sons Sebastian Lewis and Santius Iohn and Sebastian setting Sail ranged a great part of this unknown Land in one thousand four hundred ninety and seven which Columbus had only touched in 1492 and it was 1498 ere he saw the continent Americus Vesputius came long after though the whole Continent at this day is called America after his own name This Sebastian discovered more than them all and was therefore Knighted by K. Henry the Eighth who made him grand Pilot of England with a pension of 166 l. 13 s. 6 d. yearly but the Spanish Seizure and Landing prepossessing the Countrey we got nothing there more then our pains for our labour till a great while after For it was almost 100 years after before we set footing in any part thereof The first that promoted it was Sir Walter Rawleigh in 1584. who with Letters Patents assisted by Sir Richard Greenvile great Unckle to the now Earl of Bath and other Gentlemen set out two ships from the Thames who in less then three Moneths time by an undue course to the Southward passing the Canaries fell in with the Coast of Florida and entring there into Harbour after they had sailed an hundred and twenty miles in sight of land they took possession of it for the Queens Majesty which from the tops of the Hills beholding the Sea on both sides they reputed to be an Island which they named Florida by reason of its flowery green soyl and flourishing herbage The Continent was then called by the Salvages Weganâ—…aca but afterwards upon the return of the Fleet Her Majesty was pleased to honour it with her own unmarried State and to call it Virginia the first Governour thereof being Mr. Ralph Lane Hither during the aboad of the English that were left while the Ships returned came Sir Francis Drake and seeing the men in distress lent the Governour and them a ship to carry them home The next were those in 1485 that came with Sir Richard Greenvile from Plimonth with seven sail who in a Months time came to St. Domingo in Hispaniola and within a fortnight after anchored at Florida and in 1586. Sir Richard Greenvile came again but the Colony he had left were all killed so he returned and sent Mr. White who made a successeful Voyage and was Governour there who returning into England and leaving another Colony they were all destroyed at his coming again which so dis-heartned all further undertakings that it was twelve years before another Voyage was begun under Captain Gosnol in the year 1602. who passing by the Azores made the Voyage shorter by 500. Leagues which was also seconded by two Barks from Bristoll 1603. and another from London 1605. But still no convenient Harbour for Ships nor Security for the Men that should stay there was yet found till the Arrival of Capt. Smith in 1606. Virginia is seated between the degrees of 34. and 45. North Latitude the Bounds thereof on the East-side are the great Ocean on the South lieth Florida on the North Nova Francia as for the VVest thereof the limits are unknown The English Plantations as they were in that year 1606. were under the degrees of 35 38. and 39. the temperature thereof