Clearchus was banished from Lacedemon he came to Cyrus and Cyrus after conference and acquaintance with him both admired the man and besides gaue him 10000 Daricks Clearchus taking the gold leuied an Armie therwith and passing out of Cherronesus warred vpon the Thracians that inhabit aboue Hellespont thereby aduantaging greatly the affaires of the Grecians and so much in deed he did aduantage them that the Cities of Hellespont willingly furnished him with money to maintaine his Armie So that this Armie also was not descried to be held on foot for Cyrus Further there was one Aristippus a Thessalian a guest to Cyrus who being ouerpressed with his Countrey-men of the contrarie faction came to Cyrus requested him to spare him 2000 Mercenaries and three Moneths pay alleaging that thereby he should be able to ouercome his aduersaries Cyrus furnished him with 4000 men and sixe Moneths pay desiring him withall not to agree with his aduersaries till they two had had conference together So againe this Armie in Thessaly was not perceiued to be kept on foot and nourished for Cyrus Further he commanded Proxenus the Boeotian who was his friend to bring vnto him as many men as he might vnder pretence of warring against the Pisidians that spoyled his Countrey and Sophaenetus the Stymphalian and Socrates the Achaean who likewise were both his guests to come to him with as many men as they could make vnder colour together with the banished Milesians to make warre against Tissaphernes which also they did Cyrus after he was resolued to ascend into the higher Prouinces gaue out that his purpose was to chace the Pisidians wholly out of the Countrey and so assembled both his Barbarian and Grecian troopes as if it had been against them And he commanded Clearchus with the Armie which he led to come vnto him and Aristippus to compound with his aduersaries and afterwards to send him that Armie of his likewise And Xenias the Arcadian whom he had appointed Generall of the Mercenaries which he laid in Garrison in the Cities to bring vnto him those Troops leauing behind so many only as should be sufficient to guard the Cittadels Likewise he sent for those that were at the siege of Miletus and inuited the banished men to his seruice promising if his affaires had good successe not to giue ouer till he had restored them to their home They with ioy accepted of his proffer for they trusted him and thereupon came to Sardes Xenias gathered together the Mercenaries in the Cities and brought them to Sardes being in number about 4000 armed foot Proxenus came with 1500 armed and 500 light armed foot Sophenetus the Stymphalian with 1000 armed Socrates the Achaean with about 500 armed Pasion the Megarean with 300 armed and 300 Targetiers or Peltasts This last and Socrates were of those that besieged Milet. These Troops came to Cyrus to Sardes Tyssaphernes hauing intelligence hereof and conceiuing that the preparation was greater than fitted the warre against the Pisidians hasted with as much speed as he could towards the King hauing with him about 500 Hors-men And the King as soone as he heard by Tyssaphernes of the Armie that Cyrus had raised made contrarie preparation Cyrus with the Forces aforementioned marched from Sardes He marched into Lydia 22 Parasangs in three encampings and came as farre as the Riuer Maeander the bredth whereof is 2 Plethors A Bridge was layd ouer the Riuer vpon six Ships ioyned one to another Passing ouer here he made one encamping in Lydia hauing marched eight Parasangs and came to Colosse a great rich and well inhabited Citie where he remained seuen dayes Hither Menon the Thessalian came to him with 1000 armed Foot and 500 Dolopian Aenian and Olynthian Peltasts or Targetiers From thence he marched in three encampings 20 Parasangs as far as Celaene a great rich and well inhabited Citie of Phrygia Here had Cyrus a Palace and a great Parke full of wilde Beasts which he hunted on Hors-backe whensoeuer he was disposed to exercise himselfe and his Horses Maeander runneth thorow the middest of the Parke the Fountaines whereof arise within the Palace It runneth also thorow the Citie Celaene The great King hath also a strong Palace in Celaene vnder the Citadell vpon the Spring of the Riuer Marsyas which Riuer runneth thorow the Citie and falleth into Maeander The bredth of Marsyas is 25 foot It is said that Apollo pulled the Skin of Marsyas ouer his head who contended with him about Wisdome and hung it vp in the Denne where the Spring of the Riuer Marsyas ariseth and that thereupon the Riuer is called Marsyas The report is that Xerxes flying out of Greece after his ouerthrow builded the Palace and the Citadell of Celaene In this place Cyrus rested 30 dayes and Clearchus the exile of Lacedemon came vnto him with 1000 armed Foot and 800 Thracian Targetiers and 200 Cretan Archers and Sosias the Syracusian with 1000 armed Foot and Sophaenetus the Arcadian with 1000 armed Foot Cyrus tooke muster and numbred the Grecians in this Parke and found them to be 11000 armed and about 2000 Targetiers or Peltasts From thence he marched in two encampings 10 Parasangs and came to Peltae a Citie well peopled there he remained three dayes during which time Xenias the Arcadian solemnized the Playes called Lycaea and proposed games The games were Golden rubbers Cyrus was present and beheld that exercise From thence in two encampings he marched 12 Parasangs and came as farre as the Market of the Ceramians a Citie full of people the last of the Countrey of Mysia From thence in three encampings he marched 30 Parasangs as farre as the Citie called the Plaine of Cayster a Citie well peopled where he stayed fiue dayes By this time there was due to the Souldiers more than three Moneths pay which they often demanded gathering themselues together before Cyrus his doore But he put them off with hopes not without manifest signes of discontentment in his countenance For it was not Cyrus his manner to hold vp payment when he was furnished with money Here Epiaxa the Queene of Syennesis the King of Cilicia came to Cyrus and was said to bring vnto him great summes of money wherewith he payd the Souldiers their entertainment for foure Moneths This Cilician Queene had a Guard of Cilicians and Aspendians about her The report went that Cyrus was verie familiar with her From hence in two encampings he proceeded 10 Parasangs euen as far as Thymvrium a well inhabited Citie Neere the way leading to this Citie there is a Fountaine called the Fountaine of Mydas King of Phrygia where the fame is that Mydas hunted the Satyr mingling the water of the Fountaine with wine From thence in two encampings he marched 10 Parasangs and came to Tyriaeum a Citie full of people He remained there fiue dayes Whilst he was there the report goes the Cilician Queene requested him to shew her his Armie whose request
he being desirous to satisfie tooke a muster of the Grecians and Barbarians in the Plaine neere adioyning He commanded the Grecians to order and range themselues according to their wonted manner of embattailing euerie Leader directing his owne Souldiers They were therefore ordered foure in depth Menon those with him had the right Wing Clearchus and his Souldiers the left The other Commanders the middest Cyrus and the Queene he in his Chariot she in her Coach rid vp and downe and first viewed the Barbarians who passed by and aduanced in Troops and Companies and then afterward the Grecians They had euerie man a Brazen Head-peece a Scarlet Coat Greues and a polished and bright Target When he had passed by all staying his Chariot before the middest of the Phalange he sent Pigres his Interpreter to the Grecian Coronels willing them to command a Charge as if they were to giue vpon the Enemie and to moue forward with the whole Phalange who gaue warning hereof to their Souldiers No sooner therefore had the Trumpet sounded but they straightwayes aduanced holding out their weapons as in a Charge and then mending their pace and giuing a shout they fell of themselues into a Plaine running toward their Tents Both the other Barbarians were taken with sodaine feare and also the Cilician Queene forsooke her Coach and the Market-folke leauing their wares behind shifted away euerie one to saue himselfe The Grecians not without laughter held on forward to their Tents The Cilician Queene wondred not a little at the beautie and order of the Armie and Cyrus tooke as much pleasure to behold the Barbarians put into such a feare by the Grecians From hence in three encampings he marched 20 Parasangs and came to Iconium the last Citie of Phrygia He stayed there three dayes and from hence he marched in fiue encampings thorow Lycaonia 30 Parasangs He suffered the Grecians to spoile this Countrey as Enemie From hence Cyrus sent away the Cilician Queene by the neerest way to Cilicia and with her he sent Menons Regiment and Menon the Thessalian himselfe Cyrus with the rest marched thorow Cappadocia 25 Parasangs in foure encampings as farre as Dana a great wealthy and well peopled Citie Here he remained three dayes within which time he put to death Megaphernes a Persian the Kings Purple Dyer and another Ruler of great authority charging them with Treason against himselfe From hence they attempted to breake into Cilicia but the entrance was so narrow that more than one Chariot could not passe at once and withall exceeding steepe and vnpassable for an Armie in case resistance were made The fame was that Syennesis had planted himselfe in the highest of the Straights to defend the passage which was the cause that the Armie staid in the Plaine one day The next day there came a Messenger bringing tydings that Syennesis had left the Straights after he perceiued that Menons Troopes were alreadie beyond the Mountaines in Cilicia and heard that a Fleet of Lacedemonian Gallies and another of Cyrus were vnder saile to passe from Ionia to Cilicia vnder the leading of Tamon Cyrus ascended the Mountaines without resistance of any Man and found the Tents yet standing of those that were in guard of the Mountaines From thence he descended into a great beautifull and well watered Plaine and replenished with all manner of Trees and with Vines It beareth abundance of Sesamum and Panick and Millet and Wheat and Barley It is inuironed on euerie side from Sea to Sea with abrupt and high Mountaines Descending from this Mountaine in foure encampings he marched 25 Parasangs thorow Cilicia as farre as Tarsus a great and rich Citie of Cilicia In that Citie was the Palace of Syennesis King of Cilicia Thorow the middest of this Citie runneth the Riuer named Cydnus being 200 foot in breadth The Inhabitants thereof excepting such as bought and sold left the Citie and fled to the Mountaines with Syennesis But the Inhabitants of Solos and Issos which stand neere the Sea held themselues to their homes Epiaxa the Wife of Syennesis arriued at Tarsus fiue dayes before Cyrus But in the tops of the Mountaines that stretcht towards the Plain two 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Companies of Menons Regiment were lost Some say that being busie in pillage they were cut off by the Cilicians Other some that they were left behind not able to find the rest of the Troops nor the waies which they were to passe and were lost in wandring vp and downe Their number was about 100 armed Foot The rest comming to Tarsus sacked the Citie and the Palace in it in a rage for the losse of their Companions Cyrus entring the Citie sent for Syennesis who returned answer that as he neuer yet had committed himselfe to the hands of a Man better than himselfe so he would not now begin In which minde he continued till his Wife perswaded him to the contrarie and till he had taken assurance from Cyrus After that they met Syennesis gaue Cyrus great summes to vphold his Armie Cyrus againe gaue him gifts such as he thought honourable and much esteemed amongst Kings As namely a Horse with a golden bitt a Chaine of gold Bracelets a Sword decked with gold a Persian garment and freedome of his Land from spoile As also restitution of the Slaues which were taken in spoile by the Souldiers wheresoeuer he could find them Cyrus and the Armie remained here 20 dayes for the Souldiers plainly denied to goe any further imagining now they were led against the King which they said was no part of their agreement Clearchus was the first that went about to force his Souldiers to proceed but they as soone as he offered to goe forward cast Stones at him and at his carriage Beasts And surely he hardly escaped stoning But afterward perceiuing it was in vaine to vse force he called his Souldiers to an assembly and first he stood weeping a good time which they seeing wondred at and kept silence Afterwards he spake thus My fellow Souldiers wonder not that the present state of this businesse toucheth me to the quicke for Cyrus hath made himselfe mine Host being banished out of my Countrey and not only done me other honours but also giuen me 10000 Darickes which I taking hoorded not vp for mine owne priuate vse and pleasure but disbursed them vpon you And first I made warre vpon the Thracians and with your helpes reuenged the wrongs they did vnto Greece chasing them out of Cheronesus whilst they endeuoured to take that Land from the Grecians But when Cyrus called for me I tooke you with me and went to Cyrus to the end in his need to shew my selfe thankful for his former kindnesse and fauours towards me But since you please to goe no further I must of necessitie either forsake you and apply my selfe to his friendship or deceiue his hopes and remaine still with you
these he espied the King and the Troope that was about him and by and by after he had said I see the Man he flew out directly against him and strooke him on the Brest and wounded him thorow the Curace as Ctesias the Physitian reporteth who reporteth also that he cured the wound Whilest Cyrus was thus in fight one with a Dart hit him a sore blow vnder the eye The King and Cyrus and their Followers in defence of either of them thus coping together Ctesias for he was present telleth the number of those that died about the King and Cyrus himselfe was also slaine and eight of his best Followers lay dead vpon him Artapata one of the faithfullest of Cyrus Mase-bearers was said after he saw Cyrus fallen to haue alighted from his Horse and cast himselfe vpon him And some affirme that the King commanded him to be killed vpon Cyrus others report that he killed himselfe drawing out his owne Sword For he had a gilt Sword and wore a Chaine and Bracelets and such other Ornaments as the best of the Persians wore being of great esteeme with Cyrus for his loue and faithfulnesse towards him Thus died Cyrus a man by the opinion of those that had acquaintance with him of the most Kingly disposition and most worthy to beare rule of all the Persians that succeeded the Elder Cyrus For first being but a Child and brought vp with his Brother and other Children he was thought to surmount them all in all things For all the Children of the best sort of Persians haue their education at the Kings Gate where a man may learne much temperance and where no kind of filthinesse is to be heard or seene and the Children haue daily conuersant before their eyes those that are honoured or disesteemed of the Kings So that being yet but Children they learne to rule and to obey There Cyrus seemed to be the aptest to learne of all that were of his age and to be more obedient to the Elder sort than those that were farre his inferiours Besides to be a great louer of Horses and to vse them with great skill and to delight and be studious of warlike exercise and of shooting and darting When he was in the flower of his age he greatly loued hunting and shunned not danger when he came to encounter with wilde beasts And when on a time a Beare set vpon him he feared her not but buckling with her was pulled from his horse and receiued those wounds the skarres whereof he after carried about him and yet slew her at last The man that first came in to his rescue he rewarded with royall gifts and made him more happy than many others of his time Afterward when he was sent by his father and made Satrapa or Gouernour of Lydia and of the greater Phrygia and of Cappadocia and was declared Generall of the people that were to assemble and be mustred in the Plaine of Castâ—lus he gaue all men to vnderstand that he esteemed nothing more than to keepe faith with whomsoeuer he made league agreement or promise Wherefore the Cities vnder his command beleeued him in all he spake and particular men euery where beleeued him And if an Enemie were to come in at any time vpon Cyrus his word he was easily perswaded of his assurance and safetie which was the cause when he moued warre against Tissaphernes that euery Citie willingly chose to take part with Cyrus rather than with Tissaphernes Milet onely excepted which feared him for that he would not forsake but gaue incouragement to the fugitiues of their Citie For he declared both in deed and word that after he had once receiued them into his friendship howsoeuer their number or fortune afterward fell out to be he would not cast them off Besides he made it euident that in case any man shewed him kindnesse or were malitious against him he would doe all he could to goe beyond him in either of both And there were that reported this wish of his namely to liue so long as to be able to ouercome his friends in kindnesses his Enemies in reuenge Therefore many men were content to giue vp their riches Cities and bodies into his hands rather than into any mans thaâ— liued in our age Neither could it be truly said that he suffered wicked and loose persons to scorne him For that kinde of people he punished seuerely and in the common waies were often to be seene men without feet and hands and eyes so that in Cyrus his gouernement both Grecians and Barbarians behauing themselues orderly might walke where they list without feare and carry such things with them as they thought fitting for their iourney By all mens confession he extraordinarily honoured men skilfull in the Art Military The first warre he had was against the Pisidians and Mysians Himselfe therefore leading an Army against those countries if he saw men willingly offer themselues to danger he made them gouernours of the Country which he conquered and honoured them besides with other gifts Whereby it appeared that valiant men were happiest and cowards accounted as it were their slaues And for this cause many willingly put themselues into and prouoked danger especially if they imagined that Cyrus should haue notice thereof Whosoeuer it was that shewed to the world any notable example of Iustice he much rather inriched him than those that fished for gaine out of vniust dealing Therefore both many other things were rightly administred by him and also he had an army that might truly be called an Army For the chiefe Commanders and Captaines resorted vnto him noâ— for monies sake but because they knew that the seruice of Cyrus was much more to be prised than their monthly pay Now his seruants that executed his commands with dexteritie and diligence he suffered not to goe vnrewarded Wherefore the â—ame went that there was no kinde of worke to be thought vpon wherein the seruants and workmen of Cyrus did not excell Ifhe found a man to be a good husband in augmenting his owne wealth without oppression or in garnishing the Prouince which he gouerned with new reuenewes he was so farre from taking from him that he gaue him more to that he had So that men gladly tooke paines and boldly held what they had gotten and none concealed from Cyrus the things he possessed For he seemed not to enuy them which in open shew were rich but would often vse the goods of such as concealed and kept them close What friends soeuer he chose and found well affected to him and iudged able to effect that which he desired by the confession of all men he vsed most obsequiously For as he needed friends to be fellow-workers of his designes as he conceiued so himselfe endeuoured to be to his friends the best fellow-worker of that which he thought euery one of them desired I haue many causes to thinke he had more presents made vnto
Whereby wee vnderstood there was no great trust to be reposed in him Besides it was obserued that one of Tissaphernes his familiar friends was in his Traine to see what was done And thereupon it seemed good to the Coronels to make a Decree that hereafter no Messenger should be admitted from the Enemie as long as wee were in the Countrey For with their entercourse they corrupted the Souldiers and corrupted one Captaine to wit Nicharchus an Arcadian who in the night time fled to the enemie with about twentie men When breakfast was ended passing the riuer Zathe we marched in good order hauing placed the cariage and loose multitude in the middest of the battaile We had not marched far before Mithridates appeared againe with 200 horse and 400 archers and slingers which were very nimble and light He as a friend came close vp to the Grecians Being neere some of his horse and foot began vpon the sudden to shoot other to sling and so wound the Grecians The reare of the Grecians were faine to endure all yet could not annoy the enemy For the Cretan bowe carieth not so farre as the Persian and the Cretan archers wearing no armes of defence were glad to hide themselues within the body of the armed and the darters were not able to reach the slingers of the enemy Xenophoâ— therefore hauing the reare thought good to aduance and follow the enemy and thereupon fell out with the armed and targetiers of the reare but could not lay hand vpon any of them For the Grecians had no horsemen and their foot in so short a race could not ouertake the foot of the enemy which had the start so farre before and it was not safe to giue chase farre from the body of the Phalange Besides the barbarian horsmen as they fled shot backward from their horse and wounded many that gaue chase And as farre as the Grecians aduanced so farre must they afterward retire still maintaining the fight so that the whole day they marched not aboue 25 furlongs and yet by Sunne-set they came to the villages There againe were they much discomforted and Cherisopus and the eldest Coronels blamed Xenophon in that he pursued the enemie so farre from the Phalange and put himselfe in danger and yet no whit endangered the enemy Xenophon hearing it said that they reprehended him not without cause and that the action it selfe testified with them But I was forced quoth he to doe as I did For I saw that standing still we were sore distressed and not able reciprocally to offend the enemy And when we fell out it was as you say For giuing chase we little hurt them and yet retired with great difficultie The gods be thanked therefore that I went not out with many but with a few So that I did no great harme and yet haue found out that which we stand in need of For now we see by triall that the enemy shoots and slingeth further than either the Cretans or our Darters can reach and when wee fall out after them wee may not goe farre from the Phalange If but a little way let the Souldiers be neuer so nimble he shall neuer be able to come vp to a foot-man that is distant from him as farre as a bowe can shoot If therefore we will debarre them from annoying vs in our iourney we must quickly prouide slingers and horse I heare there are Rhodians in our Campe of whom the most part are reported to haue skill in slinging and that their slings reach twice as farre as the Persian slings For the Persians vse stones that fill the hand and therefore sling not farre the Rhodians leaden bullets If therefore we inquire which of them haue slings and reward them and deliuer to other money to make new slings and besides grant to them that will serue in that kinde some other immunities it may be we shall finde amongst them that will be for our purpose Besides I seâ— horse in the Campe some of mine owne some left by Clearchus and many that haue beene taken from the enemy and are now become cariage-beasts If we make choice amongst these and giue the owners cariage-beasts in exchange and distribute the horse to horsemen peraduenture they also will trouble these runners These things were decreed and the same night 200 slingers and the next day 50 horsemen were furnished out to whom were giuen cassocks and curaces and Lucius the sonne of Polystratus an Athenian was appointed their Captaine The Grecians taking their rest that day and rising more early the next marched forward They were to passe a valley in which they feared the enemy would charge them and being now gotten to the other side of it Mithridates appeared againe leading with him 1000 horse and 4000 archers and slingers For being insolent because in the former incounter he with a few came off without harme and yet as he imagined very much annoyed the Grecians he required and had so many of Tissaphernes promising if he obtained them to deliuer the Grecians into his hands The Grecians were past the valley 8 furlongs or thereabout when Mithridates passed likewise with his forces The Targetiers and armed of the Grecians that were to fall out were before hand appointed and the horsemen had charge giuen them not to be afraid in following the chase because a sufficient number of foot was to second and attend them By this time Mithridates waâ— come vp to the Grecians and the Persian slings and bowes bestowed their flying weapons thicke amongst them when a signe was giuen by trumpet and immediatly the chosen foot sprung out together and likewise the horse vpon the spurre The enemy endured not the charge but speeded all he could into the valley In this chase many of the Barbarian foot died and about 18 horse were taken aliue in the valley The Grecians without commandement mangled and dismembred the dead carcases that the sight hereof might henceforward strike a greater feare into the enemie After this conflict the enemie retired and the Grecians marching on the rest of the day securely came to the riuer Tygris vpon which stood a great desolate city the name whereof was Larissa The Medians inhabited it of old time The walls were 25 foot broad and a hundred foot high and the circuit of all two Parasangs It was builded of bricke and the foundation of stone laid beneath the wall was 20 foot deepe The King of Persia when the Persians gained the Empire besieging and assaulting it could not winne it by any meanes But the Sunne hiding his head in a cloud appeared not till the inhabitants forsooke it and so it was taken Neere to the Citie there is a Stone-Pyramis the bredth whereof is 600 foot the height 1200 into which many Barbarians conueighed themselues out of the neighbour-villages From hence in one encamping they marched six Parasangs as far as a great desolate castle hard by
against Seuthes They had besides a ship of thirtie owers ouer which they made Captaine Polycrates the Athenian Who when he tooke any ships brought them to the Campe where the merchandise was taken out and keepers set to preserue it safe for the owners The ships themselues were retained for the iourney Whilest these things were doing the Grecians went abroad to seeke the prey of the Countrey and some of them sped other some missed of their purpose Cleâ—netus leading forth his owne and another Company to a place rough and dangerous was slaine himselfe and many other with him When there was no more prouision to be got within such a distance as that the Souldiers going out a foraging might returne to the Campe the same day Xenophon taking guides from the Trapezuntians led out halfe the army into the Countrey of the Drylans the other halfe he left to guard the Campe. For the Colchans being driuen from their owne houses were many in number and sat downe on the top of the hills The Trapezâ—â—tians guided them not to the place where prouision might easily be made because that part of the Country was their friends but against the Drylans from whom they had suffered hostility against a mountainous country hard to passe thorow the inhabitants whereof are accounted the most warlike people of all that liue in Pontus After the Grecians were come into the high countrey the Drylans setting afire all the holds that seemed easie to be forced went their waies neither was any thing found in the country but a hog or an oxe or some such other cattel as escaped the fire There was a Fort that was called their mother Citie or Metropolis whither they all fled Round about it was a hollow bottome strongly deepe and the accesse to the Fort was hard The Peltasts speeding on some fiue or six furlongs before the armed passing the bottome and espying there many sheepe and other riches went on against the Fort and were seconded by many Speare-men that followed to make prouision for the Campe So that the number of those that passed ouer the bottome was more than two thousand men When they could not force the place for there was a deepe diâ—ch cast about it and sharpe stakes fixed on the ascent of the rampier and many woodden Towers raised they began to make their retreat and the enemy fell out vpon them Now when they could not well retire for the descent from the Fort to the bottome was capable of no more than of one man at once they sent to Xenophon who led the Targetiers The messenger said that the Fort was replenished with much riches but they could neither take it by reason of the strength thereof nor yet come off without danger because the enemy was fallen out and fought with them and the place thorow which they were to come off was narrow Xenophon when he heard this leading on to the brinke of the hollow bottome commanded the armed to lay downe their armes Himselfe passing ouer with the Captaines aduised whether it were better to bring off those that were already in the Fort or to passe ouer the armed also which he led to try if the Fort might be won For the Captaines held that the retreat could not be made without the losse of many and that the Fort was not impregnable to whose opinion Xenophon assented the rather because of the sacrifice For the soothsayers signified that they must vndergoe a fight but the issue would be good and such as was to be desired Therefore he sent backe the Captaines to bring ouer the armed himselfe remained behinde and gathering together the Peltasts suffered none to send a missiue weapon at the enemy After the armed were come vp hee willed the Captaines to order their Companies euery one as they thought fittest for fight For the Captaines stood neere together betwixt whom there was alwaies an emulation about manhood and seruice The Captaines did accordingly and Xenophon gaue commandement to all the Peltasts to goe with their fingers inserted into the thongs of their darts and the Archers with their arrowes nocked and the light-armed with their leather bags full of stones that they might be readie when a signe was giuen and he chose out fit men to see these things executed When all were in readinesse and the Captaines and Lieutenants and they that accounted themselues nothing inferiour to them had taken their places and looked one vpon another for it was a gallant sight to behold the army standing so imbattelled in the field they began the Paan the trumpet sounded the army gaue a shout and the armed ran on with all speed Now the missiue weapons began to flie at all hands darts arrowes bullets and stones out of slings and many stones from hands There were also that threw fire The enemy oppressed with multitude of missiue weapons forsooke both the Rampier and the Towers so that Agasias the Stymphalian and Philoxenus the Pelenian laying downe their weapons ascended the Rampier in their coats alone and one drawing and helping vp another and many entring the Fort seemed now to be taken and the Peltasts and light-armed ranging vp and downe fell a spoiling all they could Xenophon stood at the gate keeping out the armed For there appeared other enemies vpon some strong heights of the mountaines Not long after a cry arose within and the Grecians fled some with things taken in the Fort some being wounded and the throng about the gate was great Those that ran out of the gates being asked what the matter was said There was a Citadell within and a multitude of enemies which fell out and charged the light-armed and Peltasts Wherupon Xenophon proclaimed by Tâ—lmides the crier that whosoeuer would haue his part in the prey of the Fort should enter Many therefore entred and beat backe those that salied out and again shut vp the enemy into the Citadell The Grecians spoiled and carried away all that was found without the Citadell But the armed laid downe their armes partly by the Rampier partly at the way that led to the Citadell Xenophon and the Captaines in the meane time cast their eies about to resolue whether the Citadell were possible to be taken or not For so all should be safe otherwise the retreat must needes be full of danger After they had viewed it they held it impregnable Thereupon they put themselues in order for retreat and euerie man pulled vp the stakes of the Rampier as they came in his way The vnseruiceable were sent out with the prey and most of the Armed euerie Captaine retaining only such as he trusted Assoone as they began to retreat a multitude of enemies armed with wicker Targets and Speares and Greeues and Paphlagonian head-peeces salied out of the Citadell Many other climed vp on the Houses which stood on either side the street that led to the Citadell whereby it grew dangerous to
the Temple In case he neglect this the goddesse will take order for her owne From Cerasunt they that were before shipped held on their course by Sea the rest made forward by land When they were come to the borders of the Mosynecans they sent vnto them Timositheâ—s a Trapezâ—â—tâ—â—e who was their guest to demand whether they should passe thorow their countrey as friends or as enemies They trusting to the strength of their countrey answered It would be all one to them which they did Timositheos after this answer returned gaue the Grecians to vnderstand that there were other Mosynecans dwelling further off that were enemies to those whereupon it was thought good to send vnto them to see if they would enter into fellowship of warre with the Greciâ—â—s Timositheos being sent returned bringing with him the chiefe Magistrates After their arriuall they and the Grecian Coronels assembled together Xenophon began in this manner Timositheos being his Interpreter We ô Mosynecans because we want shipping are desirous to passe into Greece on foot They who hinder vs as we vnderstand are your enemies You haue now an opportunitie presented vnto you if you lift to imbrace it by entring into societie of war with vs to be reuenged of them for all the wrong they haue any time hereâ—ofore done you and to make them henceforth your vassals If you at this present let vs passe by without taking the opportunitie consider with your selues if euer hereafter you are like to haue the like forces ioine with you in league The chiefe Magistrate of the Mosynâ—cans answered he was desirous to effect the proposition and to ioyne in society of warre with the Greciâ—â—â— Goe to then quoth Xenophon wherein will yoâ— imploy vs if we become your confâ—derates and you what aide can you giue vs to further our passage They replied We are of strength enough to enter our common enemies countrey on the further side and to send you shipping and men both to assist you in the field and to be guides of your iourney Vpon this taking and giuing assurance they departed The next day they came with 300 boats euery boat made of one peece of wood In each boat were three men of whom two landing laid downe their armes in order one remained behinde in the boat And they which remained in the boats sailed away straightwaies the other staied behinde and embattelled themselues in this manner They stood a hundred deepe like as the stage-dancers are wont filing themselues one opposite to the other hauing all Wicker Targets couered with white hayrie oxe-hydes the Targets in forme like to an Iuie leafe In the right hand each man held a dart of about six cubits long armed with a head before the stele being round They had coats that couered their knees were as thicke as a hempen cord that you binde a couerlet withall VpoÌ„ their heads they had leather head-peeces like to them which the Paphlagonians weare in the middest whereof ariseth a Cone resembling the forme of a Tyara They bore iron hatchets besides After this one of them beginning all the rest sung and marched forward by measure and passing through the rankes and armes of the Grecians forthwith aduanced against the enemy toward a Fort which seemed easie to be won It lay before the Citie which is called the Metropolis or mother Citie and is held in chiefe estimation amongst the Mosynecans and for it they warred one against another For they who enioyed it had their feet vpon the neckes of the other Mosynecans They said that the present possessours had no right nor lawfull possession but being common to all they had done wrong in entring detaining it to themselues alone Some of the Grecians also followed them not by order or appointment of the Coronels but in greedinesse of pillage The enemy held himselfe coy a while but when he saw them neere the Fort he sallied out and putting them to flight killed a great number of the Barbarians and some of the Grecians thatascended with them and followed the chace till he might see the army of the Grecians ready to come to reskue Then turning about he retired and cutting off the heads of those that were slaine shewed them to the Grecians and to their enemies and withall danced singing a kinde of measure The Grecians were much grieued that by this action the enemy was emboldned and that the Grecians in good number were seene to flie which they neuer did before in all this iourney But Xenophon calling the Souldiers together spake vnto them in this sort Be not dismayed O Souldiers with that which is happened The good of it is as great as the euill For first of all you now know certainly that those that shall be our guides are enemies to them vnto whom of necessitie we must be enemies Then those Grecians that seemed to contemne our order and thinking themselues to be able to â—o as much with the Barbarians as with vs feele the smart of their owne folly will hardly hereafter be brought to leaue our company But you must prepare your selues to shew the Barbarians your friends that you are better men than they and to let the enemy know that they haue at this present to do with another sort of people than with those who fought disorderly with them of late This day therefore they rested The next day after they had sacrificed and the sacrifice portended good fortune they dined and ordering their companies in file and placing the Barbarians on the left hand they aduanced against the enemy hauing the Archers betwixt the companies that were in file somwhat more backward than the front of the armed For some of the light-armed of the enemy ran forth and cast stones which quickly were repressed by our Archers Peltasts The rest aduanced leisurely first toward the Fort from which the day before the Barbarians and Grecians were put to flight For there the enemie stood embattelled and made head against the Grecians And first they fought and made good the place against the Peltasts but when the armed approached immediatly they turned their backs The Peltasts followed with speed giuing chace vpward toward the mother City or Metropolis the armed moued forward in order When they were come vp to the houses of the Metropolis the enemies ioyned and fought all together and threw darts and hauing thicke and long pikes such as a man could hardly weild with those they endeuoured to defend themselues hand to hand When the Grecians gaue no ground but ioyntly pushed forward the Barbarians fled and all of them forsooke the Fort. Their King that was in a woodden Tower built in the Citadell whom in common they nourish as long as he remaineth there and guardeth the place sought not to escape away nor they that were in the Fort before taken in but were burnt together with the woodden houses The Grecians rifling and spoyling the place found
in the houses treasures of bread heaped and hoorded vp as the Mosynecans reported the last yeare according to the manner of the countrey The new corne with the straw lay by it selfe the most part whereof was eared There was found also peeces of Dolphins salted and laid vp in vessels and also the fat of Dolphins which the Mosynecans vse as the Grecians doe oyle and many and great chestnuts in garrets which haue no manner of cleft in them They boyle these and vse them in stead of bread Wine was found likewise which being vnmingled seemed sharpe by reason of the sowrenesse being mingled it had a good sauour and was pleasant in taste The Grecians hauing dined here marched forward deliuering vp the City to the Mosynecans their confederates Of other Forts belonging to the enemy which they passed by some of the weaker sort were forsaken other some willingly yeelded and gaue themselues into the Grecians hands The most part of them are of this kinde They stand distant one from another 80 furlongs more or lesse When the country people cry out one to another they heare it from City to City by reason of the height and hollownesse of the countrey After they were come to the borders of their confederate Mosynecans they shewed them boyes rich mens children that were fed and fatted with sodden Chestnuts which boyes were exceeding tender and white and not much lesse in bredth than in length hauing their backs various and all the foreparts rased and marked with diuers formes of flowers They sought also openly to vse the whores which the Grecians brought with them For that is their manner All both men and women are white of complexion They that were in this iourney held the countrey more barbarous and more differing from the Grecian rites of liuing than all the rest they passed thorow For they doe openly and before a multitude that which other men doe and dare not doe but in priuate and being alone they demeane themselues as if they were in company They speake to themselues laugh to themselues and dance wheresoeuer they become as though they sought to please other mens eyes Thorow this countrey both friend and enemy the Grecians marched in eight encampings and came to the Chalybes These are a people but few in number and in subiection to the Mosynecans and liue the most part of them vpon iron works From thence they passed to the Tibarenes whose countrey is more champaine and hath Forts situate by the Sea side that are not very strong The Coronels resolued to fall vpon this countrey to the end to gaine some riches for the Army Therefore they tooke not the hospital gifts which the Tibarens sent but bade them stay till they had taken counsell by the sacrifice which they offred After they had offred many at last all the Soothsayers told them plaine that the gods allowed not of the warre Therefore they accepted the gifts of hospitality and marching as thorow a countrey that was friend they came to Cotyora a Grecian Citie a colony of the Synopaeans situate in the Tibaren territory Thus far the Armie marched on foot The length of the descent of the way from the place in the Babylonian territory where the battell was fought to Cotyora was 122 encampings 620 Parasangs 10820 furlongs of the time eight moneths They staied at Cotyora 45 dayes During this abode they first sacrificed to the gods and then made shewes euery one according to the manner of his countrey and proposed games of exercise and tooke their prouision partly out of Paphlagonia partly out of the territory of the Cotyorites For they neither exhibited a market nor receiued the sicke within their gates About this time came Ambassadors from the Sinopaeans fearing the danger that might befall the Cotyorites both in regard of their City for it was theirs and paid them tribute and of their territory which as they heard was spoiled and comming into the Campe they spake thus by the mouth of Hecatonymus who was their Spokesman and reputed a good Orator The City of Sinopis ô Souldiers hath sent vs vnto you partly commending you that being Grecians you haue ouercome the Barbarians partly to congratulate with you that you are returned safe out of so many perils and dangers as we are informed you haue beene in But we that are Grecians desire of you that are also Grecians that your comming may bee profitable and not preiudicial vnto vs considering to this day we neuer did you any wrong These Cotyorites are our Colonie and we are the men that conquered their Territory from the Barbarians and gaue it to them to inhabite and manure For which cause they pay vs a tribute imposed vpon them as doe likewise the Cerasuntians and Trapezuntians so that what wrong soeuer you doe them we imagine we suffer it our selues We heare then that entring into the City by force some of you quarter in the houses other take what they thinke good out of the Country against the owners wills If you hold on this course we shall be forced to craue aid of Corylas and the Paphlagonians against you and of any else that we can make our friends Here Xenophon standing vp spake thus in the behalfe of the Souldiers We ô Sinopaeans are come into these quarters ioyfull and glad that out of so many perils we haue preserued our liues and armes For to bring away spoile enriching our selues and withall to fight with the enemy was impossible And now after we came to Grecian Cities in Trapezund wee bought such things as we stood in need of for they gaue vs a Market and whereas they honoured vs and sent vs gifts of hospitality we did our best to honour them and not only abstained from the Barbarians that were their friends but also harried and wasted to the vttermost of our power those Barbarians against whom they led vs. They whom the City sent in friendship with vs as Guides are present here aske them I pray how we behaued our selues toward them But whithersoeuer we come and haue no Market either in the Territorie of Barbarians or Grecians we take things necessary not out of insolency but forced by necessitie We accounted the Carduchans Chaldeans and Taochans enemies albeit no Subiects to the King and yet men to be feared because they gaue vs no Market and we could not want needfull prouision The Macrons albeit Barbarians in regard they furnished vs such a Market as they could we dealt friendly with and tooke nothing from them by force If the Cotyorites who you say are yours haue not the like friendship they may thanke themselues For they behaued themselues not as friends vnto vs but shutting their gates neither receiued vs into their City nor yet gaue vs a Market without The cause hereof they lay vpon your Gouernour But where you say that we entred and now lodge in the City by force the truth is we requested
notwithstanding they thought it conuenient to seeke them as they could lest haply taking heart they might be againe emboldned Therefore embattelling themselues they led against them The enemy seeing them comming cast themselues downe the steepe places no otherwise than if horsemen had followed them in chase A Forrest receiued them that fled which the Grecians were not acquainted with Wherefore night drawing on they returned and when they came to the place where the battels first ioyned they erected a Trophey and so about Sunne-set retired to the Sea for the Campe was about 60 furlongs off Henceforward the enemies began to looke to themselues and remoued as farre from thence as they could as well the inhabitants as their goods and substance The Grecians lay still expecting Cleander and the Gallies and Ships which they thought would come And going forth euery day without feare hauing with them their cariage-beasts and slaues they brought in wheat barley wine pulse-corne bucke and figs. For the Territorie bare all fruit plentifully Oliues only excepted And as long as the Armie kept within the Campe any man might goe forth to spoile and deteine that he found for his priuate vse But a decree was made that when the whole Armie went abroad whatsoeuer was taken by any man going apart it should be to the vse of the generalitie Now was there plenty of all things For prouision came from the â—recian Cities on euery hand and they that arriued there by ship came willingly on shore because they vnderstood a Citie was there planting and that it was a good Hauen and many of the enemies being neere borderers sent to Xenophon for they heard that he was the planter demanding vpon what conditions they might be receiued into his friendship whom Xenophon shewed to the Souldiers About this time Cleander came with two Gallies but with neuer a ship It fell out so that at his arriuall the Army was abroad and some gone into the plaine countrey to prey other to the mountaines and had gotten together many sheepe and fearing they would be taken away they spake to Dexippus who stole the ship of 50 oâ—res from the Armie when it lay at Trapezond and praied him to keep them and to retaine part for himselfe and restore the rest to them He presently beat away the Souldiers that stood thereabout albeit they told him that the prey pertained to the generality and imâ—ediaâ—ly went to Cleander and informed him that they sought to steale the sheepe Cleander commanded that whosoeuer he was that went about to take them away should be brought vnto him Dexippus laid hold vpon one and began to leade him toward Cleander whom Agasias by chance comming that way rescued because he was one of his company The rest of the Souldiers that were present cast stones at Dexippus calling him Traitor Many Mariners of the Gallies being affrighted ranne to the Sea and Cleander himselfe shifted away Xenophon and the other Coronels pacified the Souldiers and told Cleander it was no matter of danger and that the decree of the Armie was cause of that that hapned Cleander incensed by Dexippus and of himselfe discontented because it might be perceiued that he was in feare said he would saile away and cause proclamation to be made that no Grecian Citie should receiue them as being common enemies to all for at that time the Lacedemonians commanded all Greece This seemed a hard and dangerous thing to the Grecians and they desired him not to doe so He said he would relent vpon no other condition than that the caster of the first stone and the party that made the rescous should be deliuered into his hands Agasias was the man he sought who had beene a friend to Xenophon euen to the last which was the cause that Dexippus accused him The Commanders knowing not what to doe called an assembly of the Armie Many made small account of Cleander Xenophon thought the businesse to be of no meane consequence and arising spake thus Fellow Souldiers if Cleander departing hence carry that minde toward vs which hee professeth I take it to be a matter not to be contemned For now the Grecian Cities are at hand and the Lacedemonians are rulers of Greece and euery Lacedemonian of power sufficient to worke any City to what he list If therefore he first shut vs out of Byzantium and signifie to the rest of the Gouernours not to receiue vs into their Cities as being disobedient to the Lacedemonians and notto be gouerned this rumor will come to the eares of Anaxibius the Admirall so that it will be hard for vs either to stay here or to saile away For at this time the Lacedemonians haue the Souereigntie of Greece both by Sea and Land It is not fit therefore that for one or two mens sakes we the rest be debarred from Greece but we are rather to obey whatsoeuer they command For our Cities from whence euery one of vs is are vnder their subiection I therefore for I vnderstand that Dexippus informeth Cleander that Agasias would not haue done this vnlesse I had bid him I I say cleare both you and Agasias of this fault if Agasias will say that I am the cause thereof and I condemne my selfe and will willingly vndergoe all extremitie of punishment if it may appeare that I were the beginner either of casting of stones or of any other violence I say further if any man else be accused by Cleander he ought whosoeuer he be to yeeld himselfe to Cleanders iudgement So shall you be free from all fault But as matters goe now it will be hard if thinking to receiue praise and honour in Greece we in stead thereof shall not be in the case that other are but be excluded out of all Grecian Cities After this Agasias stood vp and said I ô Souldiers sweare by the gods and goddesses that neither Xenophon nor any other willed mee to take away the man but when I saw an honest and worthy Souldier of mine led away by Dexippus whose traiterous dealing toward you you well know I thought it a matter not to be suffered And albeit I confesse that I rescued him yet would I not that you should deliuer me vp I my selfe as Xenophon aduiseth will yeeld my selfe into the hands of Cleander to vse me at his discretion Neither would I for this cause haue you make warre with the Lacedemonians nor haue any man impeached to saue himselfe where he list Only I desire you to make choice of some of your selues to send with me to Cleander who in case I omit any thing may speake and doe what they thinke auaileable in my behalfe The Army gaue him leaue to choose whom he thought good and he chose the Coronels So Agasias and the Coronels and the man that was rescued went together toward Cleander to whom the Coronels vsed this speech The Army O Cleander hath sent vs vnto you and desire you if you thinke
that as soone as they see vs they will gather together willingly This day so ended The next day Seuthes and Heraclides brought the Lacedemonians to the armie and the armie assembled together The Lacedemonians said Our City is resolued to make warre vpon Tissaphernes who hath wronged you If therefore you will goe with vs you shall both reuenge your selues vpon your enemy and also haue euery one of you a Daricke the month for your pay a Captaine twice a Coronell foure times as much The Souldiers gladly heard this newes and by and by there stood vp an Arcadian accusing Xenophon Seuthes remained there to heare what the issue would be and hee stood within hearing hauing an Interpreter with him albeit he also of himselfe vnderstood the most part of that which was spoken in Greeke Then the Arcadian said We ô Lacedemonians had beene with you long agoe if by Xenophons perswasion we had not beene brought hither where lying in the field this sore Winter we neither night nor day haue taken rest He in the meane time hath the fruit of our labour Seâ—thes hath priuately made him rich and defrauded vs of our pay So that if I that speake first If I said he might see him stoned to death and punished for leading vs into this countrey I should account my selfe satisfied of my pay and not be grieued hereafter with any thing that is past After him stood vp another and then another Hereupon Xenophon spake thus What may not a man expect when I am accused by you of that wherein my conscience witnesseth with me that I haue beene most desirous to doe you good I was now returning home when hearing that it was not well with you nay rather that you were brought to all extremitie I returned to doe you seruice and to assist you in any thing I could After my comming Seuthes sending many messengers vnto me and promising many things in case I perswaded you to come vnto him you know I refused and led you thither from whence I thought you might with most facilitie be transported into Asia For I held it the best course and knew you most desired it But when Aristarchus with his Gallies intercepted our passage I thereupon called you together as it was needfull to consult what was to be done You would not then heare Aristarchus that commanded you to march into Cherronesus but yeelded to Seuthes that desired to entertaine you and it was not one but all of you that desired to goe with Seuthes and all of you made the decree Say then wherein I haue wronged you hauing led you to the place whither you all desired to goe But when Seuthes began to defraud you of your pay if I then commended him or allowed of his dealing you haue good cause to accuse hate me But if before that time I was most in his fauour and now furthest out is it right that preferring you before him you should accuse me for that which is the cause that he and I are at difference But you will say now I haue gotten from Seuthes that which was yours I may cast a faire colour before your eies Is it not then manifest that if Seuthes haue giuen me any thing he hath so giuen it that hee meant not to lose it and yet pay you your due I should thinke that in bestowing on me the lesse his purpose was to hold the greater from you If your opinion be such you may if you please make the negotiation betwixt him and me void by demanding your pay For it is plaine that if I haue beene bribed he will demand the bribe againe in case I performe not the contract But my conscience telleth me that I am farre from intercepting any thing of yours For I sweare vnto you by all the gods and the goddesses that Seuthes hath not performed to me that he promised me for mine owne particular Hee is present and heares and knowes whether I forsweare my selfe or no. And that you may maruell the more I haue not receiued so much as other Coronels nor so much as some Captaines And why haue I done this Mine opinion was the more I suffered pouertie with him the more he would be my friend when his abilitie was greater Now I both see him in prosperitie and know what disposition he is of Some will say Shame you not to be so childishly deceiued Truly I should be ashamed if I were ouer-reached by an enemie But it is more shame for a friend to deceiue than to be deceiued And if there be any caution to be vsed toward a friend I know you all haue carefully endeuoured not to giue occasion of withholding from you that which he hath promised you We haue neither wronged him in any thing nor fore-slowed his affaires nor for feare left any thing vndone that he hath commanded But you will say assurance that he should not deceiue though he would was then to be taken Heare I pray you that which I would neuer say against him were not you too vniust and vnthankfull toward me For you may remember in what case you were when I led you to Seuthes If you were disposed to goe into Perinthus did not Aristarchus the Lacedemonian shut the gates against you and keepe you out of the Citie Encamped you not in the field Was it not the middest of Winter The market you had how was it furnished What monie had you wherewith to buy You must remaine in Thrace for the Gallies lay at anchor forbidding your transport Remaining there you must be in the enemies countrie where there were many Horse and Peltasts You had armed Foot indeed with which approching the village wee might haue seised vpon corne though not much but chace we could not giue nor take slaues nor cattle For I was with you and neither saw many Horse nor Peltasts In this necessitie if I ioined Seâ—thes vnto you who had both Horse and Peltasts when you wanted both had I not deserued well albeit I had procured you no pay For after you were assisted with them found you not more plentie of come in the villages because the Thracians were driuen to a speedie flight And you failed not of captiues and cattle nor saw we an enemie since we had Horse whereas before he followed vs boldly with Horse and Peltasts and suffered vs not to disperse in little troopes or to take prouision in any quantitie If therefore he that wrought this securitie for you had added no pay vnto it this would haue beene the greatest wrong you had suffered and for this were he in your iudgement vnworthy to liue But now how depart you Spent you not the Winter in plentie of all things And for ouer-plus had you not that which was giuen you by Seuthes You haue all this while liued vpon the enemie and neither seene any of the Armie slaine nor miscarrying aliue Besides if you haue done any thing praise-worthy against the Barbarians in Asia you
thorow the Territorie of Troy and passing ouer Ide they came first to Antandrum and then held on along the Sea side of Lydia to the Plaine of Thebe From thence marching forward by Adramyttiâ—m and Certâ—nium not farre from Atarna to the Plaine of Caycus they reached to Pergamus a Citie of Lydia Here Hellas the wife of Gongylus the Eretrian mother of Gorgyâ—â— and Gongylus entertained Xenophon for her guest Shee told him that Asidates a Persian was in the Plaine If you goe by night quoth shee with 300 men you may take him his wife and children and much riches Shee gaue him for Guides her cosin germane and Daphâ—agoras a speciall friend of hers Xenophon therefore hauing these with him offered sacrifice Agasias the Elaean soothsayer being present said that the entrailes were faire and that Asidates might be taken prisoner They went to supper and after supper Xenophon taking the Captaines to him that were his best friends and had alwaies beene faithfull vnto him and therefore desiring to doe them a kindnesse proceeded on his iourney There went also with him whether he would or no other about 600 Souldiers But the Captaines posted away before to preuent them of partage as though the money had beene ready to their hands Comming to the place about midnight they suffered the slaues that lay neere the Castle and many other things to slip away their care being only to take Asidates and his companie When they could not take the Castle by assault for it was high and great and had many bulwarks defendants expert in fight they went about to sap the foot thereof The wall was of the thicknesse of eight bricks By breake of day it was pierced thorow and when it was light one of the defendants strooke him that stood next thorow the thigh with an Oxe-goad and further with their arrowes they made it dangerous for any man to approach to the Tower or come in sight When those in the Castle made an outcry and put out fire for a signe Itabelius with his owne forces and with the Garrison of Coâ—ania being armed foot and with about 80 Hircanian horsemen which were in the Kings pay and other Peltasts about 800 came to rescous Othâ—r also out of Parthenion other out of Apollonia and the neighbour Cities being horsemen Now was it time to thinke how our Retreat should be made Therefore taking the Oxen and other cattell and the captiues and couching them within a hollow square they hasted away not so much thinking vpon the riches as that if they should depart leauing that behinde them which they had gotten their Retreat might seeme a plaine running away besides that that the enemy would grow into heart and the Souldiers be discouraged Now they retreated fighting as it were for the prey When Gongylus saw the Grecianâ— so few and the enemy that pressed them so many in number he by compulsion of his mother issued out with his owne forces to be partaker of the fray And Procles out of Alisarna and Teuthranias who was descended from Demaratus came likewise to rescous Xenophons souldiers being ouerlaid with arrowes and Ilings casting themselues into a Ring to the end to oppose their armes against the arrowes with much adoe passed ouer the riuer Caijcus well-nigh halfe of them being wounded Amongst the number of whom was Agasias the Stymphalian who continued the fight against the enemy during the whole Retreat Thus they came safe home hauing 200 captiues and cattell sufficient for sacrifice Xenophon sacrificing the next day led out his Armie by night that he might goe as far as he could into Lydia and giue no cause of feare to the enemie by being so neere but make him negligent vpon his guard Asidates hearing that Xenophon had the second time sacrificed about him and that he was marching with all â—is Armie went out of his Castle and lodged in the Villages not farre from the Citie Parthenium There Xenophons souldiers lighted vpon him and tooke him prisoner and his wife and his children and his horse and all that he had So that the former sacrifice tooke effect now Afterward they returned backe againe to Pergamus and thenceforth Xenophon had no cause to complaine of that god For the Lacedemonians also and Captaines and Souldiers consented to giue him an extraordinary share of horse and oxen and other things so that he was thereby able to gratifie a friend Not long after came Thymbro and tooke the Armie and ioyning it to the rest of the Grecian forces made warre against Tissaphernes These were the Gouernours of the Kings Prouinces that we iournied thorow Artymas of Lydia Artacamas of Phrygia Mithridates of Lycaonia and Cappadocia of Cilicia Synesis of Phoenicia and Arabia Dernes of Syria and Assyria Belesis of Babylonia Roparas of Media Arbacas of the Phasians and Hesperites Tâ—ribazus The Carduchans Chalybes Chaldaaâ—s Macrons Choicans Mosynaecans Coitans and Tibarens are people vnder no mans subiection Paphlagonia is ruled by Corylas the Bithynians by Pharnabazus the Europaean Thracians by Seuthes The totall number of the Ascent and Descent is 215 Encampings 1150 Parasangs 34255 Furlongs The time of the Ascent and Descent one yeere and three moneths FINIS A COMPARISON OF THE ROMANE MANNER OF WARRE WITH THIS OF OVR TIME OVT OF THE END OF THE FIFTH Booke of IVSTVS LIPSIVS De Militia Romana WE haue considered 5. things in the Roman warfare their Musters their Armes their degrees distribution of Bands their Embattelling and their Discipline To make a true comparison betwixt our manner of warre and theirs we must weigh the one with the other in equall ballance of all these generalities and obserue by the consequents and aduantages which of them is to be preferred before other Therfore to speake first of Musters it is no doubt but that they vsed an excellent course in making choice of the best most honest men Which notwithstanding will hardlie at this daie be imitated by vs as our fashions and gouernment are vnlesse happilie it be in some Free-estate But they amongst vs are few or else but weake And the Venetian alone which is of meanes and abilitie sufficient for certaine priuate regards debarreth her people for the most part from seruice I except the seruice of the Sea Kings and Princes will not be tied to this Romane forme and haue their causes It would be hard to rate their Souldiers after such a Subsidie or Assessment and scarce safe to allow them the like libertie of Armes But of things of this nature we haue discoursed in our Politikes Now I hold thus much that euerie Prince may to his great commoditie deuise another course than is in vse now adaies in Musters It is not vnknowne what the Turke doth in his Ianizars I would haue many or few Legions according to abilitie or reuenues of State be leuied of fit men and bound and framed to seruice from their youth till a prefixed
dicing lewdnesse and gluttonie Concerning which pay it comes fitly to my minde to admonish that the ancient warriers would be sure to take heed not to commit all to the Souldiers hands but as Vegesius saith It was diuinely ordained that halfe should be sequestred to be laid vp with the Ensigne and reserued there for the Souldiers lest it might be consumed by their Cabin-mates in lauishnesse and idle expences O excellent and as he tearmeth it Diuine Ordinance carying with it a double profit and that most euident namely to make the Souldier more continent and sparing lesse giuen to wantonnesse banquetting and companie and to make him fight with greater courage in defence of the Ensigne According to mans nature as the same Authour noteth which euer hath more care of that wherein he seeth his Wealth lie Which thing I also obserue to haue beene practised by a Grecian Generall named Iphycrates Polyenus writeth of him that in paying his Souldiers he with-held euerie month A fourth part and retained it for a pledge lest they should easily forsake the Armie And so he had both his Companies full aâ—â— his Souldiers rich Who seeth not that this may or rather ought to be practised in our loose manners seeing that otherwise our Souldiers being as it were gloriously prodigall continue though seruing neuer so long alwaies poore and needie and would be alwaies readie to sterue if they had not libertie to spoile These things and the like might easily be imitated by vs if we had a little higher mindes and as the Poet saith our hearts seasoned with Noble honestie Now it is knowne how Rewards and Punishment excite and bridle which whole kinde is omitted by vs through carelesnesse and indulgence If the rewards of Promotion were againe brought to their right course it would doe much good and that without any expence of the Treasurie I speake of this kinde as when a Souldier for his vertue ascendeth by degrees and a difference is betwixt the Captaines themselues If some little aduantage were adioined to their places how would it inflame the lower sort of Souldiers Lastly Crownes and Chaines and those other things particularized by me together with publike commendation and praise would transport ingenuous mindes not only to danger but to death it selfe Notwithstanding I would not haue punishment omitted Vertue cannot rise where Vice accompanieth it with equall pace And Souldiers are to be held-in with a sharpe and seuere kinde of chastisement From whence are so many Rebellions and Mutinies Threatnings and Weapons bent against their owne Commanders From want of punishment and from too much libertie And albeit other causes be pretended these are the true and inward causes Let them be repressed with punishment and a Souldier learne more to feare his Generall than his Enemie I haue enough weighed these things in the true Ballance of Comparison especially being so vnequall I exhort againe that they be put in practise But whom doe I exhort I wish he that hath interest and whom I marke out with these eyes of my minde were present and had the hearing of all that hath beene discoursed But that resteth in the Diuine Prouidence heare he or heare he not right and reason will heare and approue the practise reuenge the slighting and contempt of them FINIS A city of Lydia The occasion of the difference betwixt the Brethren for the treason see Plutarch in vita Artaxerxis Peloponesus was that part of Greeâ—e which is now called Monea Ionia a part of Asia the Lesse Miletus a Citie of Carâ—a Abydus a Citie lying vpon Hellespont right against Sestos A Darick was a peece of gold of the value of thirteene shillings Cherronesus an Island ioyned to the Continent of Europaean Thraâ—â— only by a Necke of Land a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a guest amongst the Grecians was one of another Citie or Nation that a man admitted into his house and lodged Thessaly a countrey of Greece Boeotia that part of Greece where the citie Thebes stood Sâ—ymphalus a citie of Arcadia Achaia a countrey of Peloponâ—sus Pisidia a Countrey of Asia * Arcadia a Countrey of Peloponesus Sardâ—s a Citie in Lydia Armed 11300. Light armed 2300. Megara a Citie in Greece The Grecians that serued Cyrus a A Parasang containeth 30 Stadia or Furlongs 8 Furlongs goe to a Mile so a Parasang is 3 Mile three quarters 22 Parasangs amount to 82 Miles and a halfe which being diuided by 3 the quotient will be 27 and a halfe so he marched euerie day 27 miles a halfe b Plethrum is 100 Foot c 67 Miles a halfe 22 Miles and a halfe euerie encamping 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 13000 Armed and light armed 37 Miles and a halfe The day 18 miles and more These Games were first instituted in the honour of Pan god of Arcadia Young men ran naked in them Liuius l. 1. They were called Luperâ—alia amongst the Roâ—â—nes vide 〈◊〉 Aâ—cadi is 〈◊〉 456. numâ—â—o 3â— 517. num 40. a â—5 Milâ—â— Eueâ—y day 22 mâ—les and a halfe b A gâ—eat March if it be not mistaken It amounteth to 112 miles in all And to more than 37 mile a day Epiaxa the Queene of Cilicia * 37 Miles and a halfe 18 miles euerie day and aboue c 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Clâ—â—â—chus the Chiefe of the Grecian Commanders in the leâ—t Wing A muster of the Army of Cyrus No Cuâ—aces d 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Grecians put the Barbarians in feare 22 Miles and aboue a day 20 Miles and aboue a day 23 Miles and a halfe and vpward The entrance into Cilicia Syennesis King of Cilicia Cilicia A kind of Indian Corne. 23 Miles and vpward a day Cydnus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lochos signifieth here a Companie in Aeliaâ— it is vsed for a File The Grecians refuse to goe any further Clearchus art in drawing them further 20 s. and 6 d. 37 miles and a half 18 miles vpwards a day Three Plethers a 18 Mile and vpwards 600 Foot b 28 Miles and more a day Cheâ—isophus who afterwards was one of the Coronells 18 Mile and more The streights of Syria The Riuer Chersos Abrocomas his armie 300000. men 18 Mile and vpward Xenias Pasion two Coronells forsake Cyrus without leaue The lenitie of Cyrus 75 Miles 18 miles and more the day a A Plether The gods of the Syrians 22 Mâ—les and vpwards a day A Plâ—ther 56 Miles 18 And more the day Thapsacus Vnder the leading of Xenias 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 amongst the GreciaÌ„s was of the value of 58 s 4 d. the whole summe is-14 li. 11 s-8 d. Menons subtilty Euphrates a deepe riuer 187 Mile and vpwards aboue 20 mile a day Arabia Wilde Asses Ostriches Bustards A Plether 337 Miles and a halfe which amounteth to 25 Miles and vpward the day a A Capitha containeth halfe a pecke of our measure A Chaenix a quarter of a pecke b Obolus Atticus is taken for peny farthing of our money The