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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14104	A shorte and pithie discourse, concerning the engendring, tokens, and effects of all earthquakes in generall particularly applyed and conferred with that most strange and terrible worke of the Lord in shaking the earth, not only within the citie of London, but also in most partes of all Englande: vvhich hapned vpon VVensday in Easter weeke last past, which was the sixt day of April, almost at sixe a clocke in the euening, in the yeare of our Lord God. 1580. Written by T.T. the 13. of April. 1580.	Twyne, Thomas, 1543-1613.	1580 (1580)	STC 24413; ESTC S118790	14,356	23

A shorte and pithie Discourse concerning the engendring tokens and effects of all Earthquakes in Generall Particularly applyed and conferred with that most strange and terrible worke of the Lord in shaking the Earth not only within the Citie of London but also in most partes of all Englande VVhich hapned vpon VVensday in Easter weeke last past which was the sixt day of April almost at sixe a clocke in the euening in the yeare of our Lord GOD. 1580. Written by T.T. the 13. of April 1580. AT LONDON Printed by Richarde Iohnes 1580. ¶ To the right honourable my very good Lord Philip Howard Earle of Arundell c. the testimonie of a good conscience to Godward continuance of bodily health and encrease of worldly honour I Am not a little sorie Right Honourable that bearing a desirous mind of long time to present vnto your view some argumente of my good meaning towardes you the happe hath so fallē out that nothing hath yet hapned vnto me that way eyther woorthie your honourable inspection or answerable vnto my desired expectation Neuerthelesse not through negligence to omit such oportunitie as hath bin offered least I might seeme slow in perfourmance or carelesse in dutie and taking in hand by the importune motion of some freends not now to holde my pen in silence in respect of so rare matter as hath hapned of very late suche as it is so small and so slender in most humble wise I present vnto your honour My right honourable good Lorde it is a shorte discourse of all Earthquakes in generall and also my poore iudgement touching the maruellous visitation of God in the terrible Earthquake whiche was felte of late dayes amongst vs. VVhich as I acknowledge to be but extemporall and weake so do I submit it vnto the controulemente of better learned leauing vnto them both matter and libertie to iudge and write thereof much more at large And crauing at your honours hands some maner friendly enterteyning of the same if I may obteyne it I shall not onely thinke my trauell well employed but that of dutie I am farther endebted to make your honour in respect of many great vertues that rest in the same patrone of some better labour heereafter As knoweth God to whom I commend you and pray for you to your best contentmente and liking VVritten at London this thirteenth of April 1580. By him that remaineth your honours euermore at commandement T.T. ¶ A pithy discourse of the late Earthquake on vvensday in Easter weeke being the sixt of Aprill 1580. AMong the manifold sygnes and tokens wherby it hath pleased our most gratious God and mercifull Father in these the later times of the worlde and very ripenesse of our sinnes to call vs to repentaunce we may not accoumpt as least this most dreadfull daungerous Earthquake which vnto the great terrour of all good consciences befell of late vnto the Cittie of London and as I suppose to the most part of this Realme vpon wensday in Easter week which was the sixt day of Aprill 1580. about six of the clocke in the after noone Wherof to the entent so merueylous a iudgement of the Lords may be known to such as personally were not touched with the same and also so wonderfull a worke may not want it due effect where it shall be heard I am resolued by his power without whome we are able to doo nothing and by your patience to whome perhappes this knowledge may be aueyleable to set downe somwhat briefly concerning the same in wryting 2. But before we enter any further into the bare bewraying of the matter it is expedient that I discouer vnto you the causes and substaunce of euerie Earthquake which I must be fayne to borrowe from the Prophane wryters who haue most dilligently laboured in the search of naturall causes whervnto doubtlesse they could not so clearly haue atteyned without the finger of God which hath led men as well into the true contemplation of these matters as of any other knowledge And therfore following Aristotle as théefe in this behalfe wée must vnderstand that the efficient causes of an Earthquake are thrée to wyt the Sun the other sixe Planets and a spirite or breath included within the vowelles of the earth and the materiall cause one which is an Exhalation that is to say a certaine ayre breath or smoake drawne out of the earth which of nature is hot and drie 3. Thus it is not hard then to describe the engendring of an Earthquake For the earth is a drie body of it owne nature and as dayly experience teacheth it conteyneth within it great plentie of water And when it is throughly heated by the beames of the Sunne and also by bodyes of firie substaunce whereof it imbraceth many as Brimstone and such like partly by resoluing the water into ayre and partly by receyuing the lyke into the emptie hollownesse thereof it comprehendeth within it great slore of spirit and windie matter which being very subtill swyft and vehement wandereth here and there vnder the earth striking the sides therof with great force and most times causeth the earth to quake and tremble for that it séeketh issue continually to depart into it owne place 4. At somtimes therefore this spirit or Exhalation issueth wholly foorth together somtime by laboring it conceaueth fire and breaketh out in flames otherwhiles some part of it remayneth behinde and is shutte vp againe within the earth and ministreth matter for a new effect And farther as the searchers of nature haue reported of this kinde of accident the Earthquake hapneth for the most part at a calme season when as none or very small windes blowe specially in the night and at the dawning of the day for that accustomably windes vse to rise at that time or if in the day time it happen then moste at high noone the Sunne being then in greatest force and driuing downe the Exhalations into the earth 5. Moreouer the places most conuenient and likely for Earthquakes are cauernous and hollowe places where the earth is loose and false vnder foote by reason of vndermining or digging for Metal Stone Cole or such like stuff as vpon Mendeepe Newcastle and sundry other places within this Realme Also the hollow cliffes by the Sea side where the water somtime freatteth holes in the banckes causing great peeces of the earth to fall in As of late dayes it happened betwéene Douer and Folstone most gréeuously may be séene euery day in experience at the poore Towne of Whytstable in Kent And agayne the Countreis that are verye full of great Hilles and mountaines so that perhapps the vplandishe people of Wales are better acquainted with such effectes than we are as it standeth with good reason and I haue heard also some to report by tryall and knowledge 6 It chaunceth also many tymes that by reason of repressing this Exhaltation which is the materiall cause of the Earthquake within the earth there

beene great cause to thinke there was and is yet sufficient for this or a farre greater one yet to come from which the Lord in mercie delyuer vs if so be other causes also concurre and the Lord doo consent thereunto But indéede I am rather induced to feare some vnseasonable effects of the other smoake or spirite which commeth from waters and moystie earth and is called a vapour and of nature is warme moist least when we little feare we finde the distemperaunce thereof to our hurt in our fruites and Corne and other necessarie prouision of the earth Whereof if a man would set downe an example they may be frostes or sléete in Maie and hayle in Summer and towards Haruest with such like 15. But to procéede farther in our conference whether this efficient spirite be wholy issued foorth with the Earthquake or be in part left behinde to procure a news effect or not it resteth in Gods knowledge and I truste not 〈◊〉 But I heare not yet of any fyrie flames that were séene to issue foorth of the earth the Lord be praysed the more for withholding that terror from vs. And for mine owne part I am able to testifie of the calmenesse of that time wherein the earth is sayd to haue trembled that if there blew any winde at all surely it was but very lyttle Mary in this point it differed from ●ecustomable time of the like Accidents in that it happened not in y e night tyme which doubtlesse would haue bene right gréeuous and terrible although in déede it were in the euening and towards night when as the Sun was past his force of heat as going then to glade which is also a poynt woorthy the noting 16. And as for any holes caues or hollow places which might minister occasion of conueyaunce or lurking of the matter of an Earthquake vnder the ground hereabouts as yet I doo not know specially of any notable depth such as are aboue mentioned or else are found in the partes of Italy or Sicile and elsewhere vpon like occasiō or by the continuall burning of the veines of Sulphur Naptha Bitumen and Sea coales which are a kinde of Bitumen so that the ayre possessing the vnsearchable hollowe roomes might in expectatiō bring foorth this effect Neyther are y e banckes of the Thames so clyfty therby hollow that it might be that way feared And as for Hylles Moūtaines and Dales the situation of London is so frée from them that I haue heard some traueylers say that there is not a Cittie in all Europe that stādeth vpon a more rytch pleasant and fertile leauell than it dooth 17. It may appeare also that the Philosophers admyt the earth to bellowe roare cracke and make a noyse somtyme without an Earthquake when as the Exhalation breaketh ●oorth and yet is not of force to shake the earth How chaunceth it then we heard no such matter when as it appeareth the efficient was of power to bring foorth the effect It must be aunswered Gods wyll was otherwyse For I heare no report of any such thing Which if it had happened would haue added great terrour to the feare that was otherwise procured by the shaking Vnlesse we should vnderstand it to be verified by cracking ratling of tymber poas●s walles and wenscots which I suppose wanted not but we may not so take theyr meaning but rather of a voyce lyke the roaring of the Sea or stroake of a Gun when as the Exhalation issueth out of the earth 18. And as for other accidēts true indéede it is that not long since we had an Eclipse of the Moone to witte the one and thirteth day of Januarie last past about eyght a clocke at night at what time to speake more Mathematically the furious planet Mars being found in the signe of Capricornus in the fourth house euermore fore sheweth and procureth Earthquakes within the time of that reuolution as the learned in those most excellent sciences do affirme And touching the apparance of Exhalatiue impressions which I tearme by that name for that the substance of them is hote drie although they be not caried so high where they might be set on fire which is to the top of the vppermost region of the Earthe and so take the name of fi●ie impressions 19. Concerning such I say and other Meteors I néede not stand vpon the recitall of some that haue bin séene of late which as I am credibly enformed haue bin many and oftentimes seene by sundrie And I my selfe also vppon the fifth day of March last past being Satersday almost at nine a clocke at night in the company of certaine Worshipfull Gentlemen beheld a strange and great exhalatiue impression in the Aire whiche in mine opinion was not fired but very thinne and cleere for I might very perfectly behold the fixed Starres through it The situation thereof was stretching endlong from the East to the Weast ouer the Citie of London or somewhat more Southerlie and the forme therof was as the shape of the lath of a Crossebow without a string whose backe bēded towards the North and the bellie towardes the South At what time I saw it it was in my iudgemēt in y e tenth house raised specially by Venus or Mercurie or by some fixed Starres of their nature and as I remember the Lyra was not thē farre off but by nine a clocke or a little past it was quite vanished 20. Truly I must néedes confesse the sight therof was rare and whiche woorthelie drew the eyes of many into admiration of the spectacle and from thence to lift their minds with thankes vnto the wonderfull Creator of all things And for y t I was knowne to haue bin somtime in place wher lerning is professed some y t stood by demanded mine opinion what it might be what also signifie vnto whom I answered y t in my iudgement of nature it was an exhalation that otherwhiles it foreshewed y e following of an Earthquake but most cōmōly of fierce winds and drought whiche howsoeuer they be presignified the effect must be acknowledged to rest in Gods hands only 21. Another adiunct token likewise which is the darkening of the Sunne without any cloude or Eclipse at the instant of the Earthquake was euident to be discerned and is commonly reported by as many as made any obseruation thereof And for my parte I durst also affirme the same to be true although I acknowledge as before mine inexperience of the strange accident Notwithstanding I remember that the Sunne shined not as we were walking which was the time that the Earthquake hapned And to confer yet farther indéede the mornings before were cold and nipping and afterwards at night the Skie was faire and cléere but whether there appéered in the Elemente any long and narrow Cloude stretched foorth in length eyther before or after I can not say 22. Moreouer I heare as yet of no great and newe