lucan_n make_v mention_n in_o farsalia_n where_o he_o say_v umbras_fw-la nusquam_fw-la flectentes_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v shadow_n no_o where_o reflect_v the_o thyrd_o be_v dia_n alexandro_n alexandro_n alexandria_n be_v a_o famous_a city_n in_o aphrike_n build_v by_o great_a alexander_n and_o be_v the_o chief_a city_n or_o metropolis_n of_o egypt_n the_o four_o be_v dia_n rhodos_n rhodos_n rhodes_n be_v a_o island_n of_o asia_n the_o less_o where_o be_v sometime_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o rhodes_n call_v the_o knight_n of_o the_o order_n of_o saint_n john_n rhodes_n or_o knight_n of_o jerusalem_n who_o be_v dryven_v from_o thence_o when_o the_o island_n and_o city_n be_v take_v by_o solton_n suliman_n the_o great_a turk_n turk_n in_o the_o year_n 1522._o philippe_n vrlerio_n frencheman_n be_v then_o grand_a master_n of_o the_o rhodes_n within_o this_o four_o climate_n be_v the_o city_n of_o jerusalem_n within_o the_o holy_a land_n call_v palestina_n and_o also_o a_o great_a 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angle_n 〈◊〉_d solide_n be_v a_o body_n which_o by_o devision_n have_v length_n breadth_n and_o depth_n circle_v a_o circle_n be_v a_o plain_a figure_n contain_v under_o a_o line_n draw_v in_o compass_n in_o who_o midst_n be_v a_o point_n or_o prick_v from_o the_o which_o all_o right_a line_n come_v forth_o to_o the_o circular_a line_n that_o compass_v it_o about_o be_v equal_a the_o circumference_n of_o a_o circle_n be_v a_o line_n that_o contain_v the_o circle_n circle_n that_o be_v to_o meaâ—e_v that_o line_n to_o the_o which_o all_o right_a line_n that_o proceed_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n unto_o it_o be_v equal_a and_o this_o be_v call_v the_o roundness_n of_o the_o circle_n circle_n the_o centre_n of_o a_o circle_n be_v that_o point_n or_o prick_v from_o the_o which_o all_o right_a line_n proceed_v unto_o the_o circumference_n be_v equal_a diameter_n the_o diameter_n of_o a_o circle_n be_v a_o right_a line_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n 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instruction_n it_o shall_v be_v necessary_a especial_o and_o precise_o to_o declare_v the_o course_n and_o motion_n thereof_o therefore_o as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o sun_n be_v move_v under_o the_o zodiac_n zodiackâ—_n and_o upon_o his_o pole_n in_o the_o line_n ecliptic_a pass_v by_o the_o twelve_o sign_n begin_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n where_o he_o make_v equinox_n that_o be_v to_o say_v he_o make_v the_o day_n equal_a unto_o the_o night_n in_o all_o place_n then_o from_o aries_n he_o enter_v and_o move_v into_o taurus_n approach_v near_a and_o near_o unto_o we_o on_o the_o north_n part_n whereby_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n be_v increase_v with_o we_o and_o the_o nyghte_n be_v shorten_v then_o enter_v he_o into_o gemini_fw-la and_o from_o gemini_fw-la into_o cancer_n where_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o first_o degree_n he_o
the_o meridian_n circle_n the_o meridian_n circle_v be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a circle_n imagine_v to_o traverse_v the_o sphere_n by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n cut_v the_o same_o in_o two_o equal_a part_n by_o the_o zenith_n or_o vertical_a point_n it_o be_v call_v meridian_n for_o this_o effect_n that_o wheresoever_o a_o man_n become_v and_o at_o what_o soever_o time_n of_o the_o year_n when_o the_o sun_n by_o the_o move_a of_o the_o first_o mooveable_a shall_v come_v to_o his_o meridian_n noon_n to_o he_o shall_v it_o be_v high_a noon_n at_o mydday_n and_o be_v therefore_o alsâ—_n call_v the_o circle_n of_o the_o mydday_n it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v note_v that_o there_o be_v as_o many_o meridian_n meridian_n or_o meridian_n line_n as_o be_v difference_n or_o habitation_n by_o longitude_n so_o that_o they_o that_o dwell_v in_o the_o east_n have_v other_o meridian_n then_o they_o that_o dwell_v in_o the_o west_n so_o that_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o ark_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a between_o the_o meridian_n of_o one_o city_n and_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o other_o be_v call_v the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n from_o one_o region_n to_o another_o and_o from_o one_o city_n to_o another_o as_o we_o will_v further_o declare_v hereafter_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o the_o horizontall_a circle_n the_o horizon_n after_o the_o astronomer_n be_v a_o circle_n which_o devyde_v that_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o we_o do_v see_v from_o the_o other_o part_n which_o we_o see_v not_o so_o that_o the_o say_a horizon_n devide_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o world_n into_o two_o equal_a half_n horizon_n call_v hemisphere_n the_o half_n which_o we_o do_v see_v be_v call_v the_o hemisphere_n superior_a and_o it_o which_o we_o see_v not_o be_v call_v the_o hemisphere_n inferior_a horizon_n this_o horizon_n change_v to_o they_o that_o move_v for_o as_o one_o do_v move_v his_o horizon_n do_v change_v and_o hereof_o it_o come_v that_o how_o many_o place_n be_v upon_o the_o earth_n orison_n and_o the_o circumference_n thereof_o it_o be_v possible_a there_o shall_v be_v so_o many_o orison_n the_o astronomer_n suppose_v the_o horizon_n after_o two_o manner_n of_o sort_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o right_a horizon_n and_o a_o oblique_a or_o crooked_a horizon_n the_o right_a horizon_n be_v to_o they_o who_o zenith_n or_o vertical_a point_n be_v direct_o in_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o this_o right_a horizon_n pass_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o devide_v the_o equinoctial_a in_o right_a spherical_a angle_n horizon_n the_o other_o oblique_a or_o declined_a horizon_n have_v they_o unto_o who_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n do_v rise_v above_o their_o horizon_n this_o horizon_n be_v also_o call_v oblique_a because_o it_o devide_v the_o equinoctial_a in_o unequal_a and_o oblique_a or_o crooked_a angle_n also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v call_v zenith_n or_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o heaven_n perpendiculerlye_o or_o direct_o over_o our_o head_n whereby_o be_v infer_v that_o as_o much_o as_o be_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n above_o the_o horizon_n so_o much_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o zenith_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a equinoctial_a for_o the_o zenith_n by_o all_o his_o part_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o horizon_n by_o niâ—ntie_n degâ—eés_v and_o all_o other_o impediment_n exclude_v we_o may_v ever_o see_v half_a the_o heaven_n and_o in_o as_o much_o as_o any_o shall_v pass_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a towards_o the_o one_o pole_n or_o the_o other_o so_o much_o fall_v the_o horizon_n under_o or_o beneath_o the_o pole_n towards_o the_o course_n he_o intend_v and_o likewise_o as_o much_o shall_v it_o be_v raise_v above_o the_o contrary_a pole_n as_o shall_v appear_v by_o a_o demonstration_n in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o chapter_n meridian_n this_o horizon_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o meridian_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o east_n and_o west_n part_n of_o the_o say_a horizon_n the_o eâ—st_a part_n be_v where_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n begin_v to_o arise_v to_o we_o and_o appear_v in_o our_o sight_n the_o west_n part_n be_v where_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n do_v set_v and_o begin_v to_o be_v hide_v out_o of_o our_o sight_n under_o the_o say_a horizon_n moreover_o it_o be_v to_o beé_v understand_v that_o there_o be_v two_o manner_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o true_a east_n and_o west_n wâ—st_n or_o the_o untrue_a the_o true_a east_n be_v the_o point_n in_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o horizon_n where_o it_o do_v cut_v with_o the_o equinoctial_a for_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a than_o he_o rise_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o true_a east_n and_o likewise_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o point_n of_o the_o true_a west_n to_o be_v in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o horizon_n where_o the_o equinoctial_a do_v cut_v with_o the_o say_a horizon_n the_o untrue_a east_n and_o west_n be_v variable_a accord_v as_o the_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v daily_o in_o divers_a point_n of_o the_o horizon_n which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o true_a east_n and_o wâ—st_n sometime_o more_o to_o the_o northward_o and_o sometime_o more_o to_o the_o south_n the_o xv_o chapter_n of_o the_o four_o less_o circle_n have_v entreat_v of_o the_o vi_o big_a circle_n it_o remain_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o four_o less_o circle_n circle_n a_o less_o circle_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o be_v that_o who_o superficial_a divide_v the_o sphere_n into_o unequal_a part_n not_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n thereof_o and_o of_o these_o two_o be_v name_v tropike_n tropykes_n so_o name_v of_o tropo_fw-it the_o greek_a word_n which_o signify_v conversion_n because_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o any_o of_o these_o tropike_n be_v convert_v and_o turn_v towards_o the_o equinoâ—tiall_a these_o tropike_n be_v describe_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o movable_a with_o the_o point_n of_o the_o solstitial_o the_o one_o with_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n and_o this_o be_v call_v the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n or_o eâ—tivall_n or_o summer_n tropike_n the_o other_o be_v describe_v with_o the_o begin_n of_o capricorn_n and_o be_v call_v the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n or_o hiemall_a or_o winter_n tropike_n these_o two_o tropike_n and_o the_o polaâ—_n circle_n whereof_o i_o will_v say_v more_o hereafter_o be_v call_v paralelles_n paralelles_n so_o name_v for_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o distant_a by_o their_o circumference_n one_o from_o a_o other_o as_o well_o as_o from_o the_o equinoctial_a the_o polar_a circle_n be_v describe_v in_o this_o manner_n circle_n so_o that_o as_o the_o zodiac_n decline_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a so_o do_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiac_n decline_v from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n world_n and_o as_o the_o eight_o sphere_n be_v move_v at_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o mooveable_a so_o shaâ—l_v the_o zodiac_n move_v which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o sphere_n and_o the_o zodiac_n be_v move_v his_o pole_n shall_v likewise_o move_v above_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n sun_n and_o as_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiac_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n xxiii_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o great_a declination_n they_o shall_v describe_v certain_a circle_n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n in_o the_o self_n same_o xxiii_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a these_o polar_a circle_n take_v their_o name_n or_o dominion_n of_o that_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n that_o be_v most_o near_o unto_o they_o and_o therefore_o be_v the_o one_o call_v artyke_n antarctic_a and_o the_o other_o antartyke_a the_o xuj_o chapter_n of_o the_o fyve_o zone_n the_o ancient_a astronomer_n divide_v the_o sphere_n into_o v._o zone_n zone_n the_o fiâ—st_n from_o the_o pole_n artyke_n to_o the_o circle_n artyke_n the_o second_o from_o the_o circle_n artyke_n to_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n the_o three_o from_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n to_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n the_o four_o from_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n to_o the_o circle_n antarctic_a the_o fyfth_o from_o the_o circle_n antartyke_n to_o the_o pole_n antartyke_n of_o these_o fyve_o zone_n unhabitable_a they_o have_v certain_a knowledge_n that_o two_o of_o the_o pole_n be_v unhabitable_a for_o extreme_a cold_n and_o also_o that_o the_o burn_a zone_n call_v torrida_fw-la zona_fw-la whereby_o the_o sun_n pass_v by_o the_o midst_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v unhabitable_a for_o extreme_a heat_n that_o from_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n unto_o the_o circle_n antartyke_n they_o call_v desert_n because_o they_o know_v not_o that_o it_o be_v inhabit_v and_o this_o our_o zone_n heaven_n that_o be_v
23_o 55_o 14_o 38_o 47_o 17_o 53_o 36_o 7_o 68_o 22_o 29_o 83_o 7_o 19_o 9_o 59_o 16_o 24_o 54_o 49_o 39_o 46_o 38_o 54_o 35_o 16_o 69_o 21_o 30_o 84_o 6_o 16_o 10_o 59_o 5_o 25_o 54_o 23_o 40_o 45_o 58_o 55_o 34_o 25_o 70_o 20_o 31_o 85_o 5_o 14_o 11_o 58_o 54_o 26_o 53_o 56_o 41_o 45_o 17_o 56_o 33_o 33_o 71_o 1â—_n 32_o 86_o 4_o 11_o 12_o 58_o 41_o 27_o 53_o 28_o 42_o 44_o 35_o 57_o 32_o 41_o 72_o 18_o 32_o 87_o 3_o 8_o 13_o 58_o 28_o 28_o 52_o 59_o 43_o 43_o 53_o 58_o 31_o 48_o 73_o 17_o 33_o 88_o 2_o 5_o 14_o 58_o 13_o 29_o 52_o 29_o 44_o 43_o 10_o 59_o 30_o 54_o 74_o 16_o 32_o 89_o 1_o 3_o 15_o 57_o 57_o 30_o 51_o 58_o 45_o 42_o 26_o 60_o 30_o 0_o 75_o 15_o 32_o 90_o 0_o 0_o the_o xviii_o chapter_n of_o the_o circuit_n or_o compass_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o latter_a author_n it_o may_v here_o appear_v to_o be_v necessary_a for_o our_o purpose_n to_o declare_v what_o space_n of_o the_o superficie_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n the_o ancient_a writer_n diâ—_n suppose_v to_o answer_n to_o one_o degree_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n in_o the_o heaven_n for_o in_o diverse_a country_n they_o use_v to_o count_v by_o diverse_a sort_n of_o measure_n as_o the_o latin_n count_v by_o mile_n myleâ—_n the_o greek_n by_o furlong_n furlong_n the_o spaniard_n &_o frenchman_n by_o league_n league_n the_o egyptian_n by_o sign_n or_o mark_n and_o the_o persian_n by_o saguas_fw-la but_o they_o all_o agree_v that_o four_o grain_n of_o barley_n make_v a_o finger_n breadth_n grayne_n four_o finger_n fynger_n a_o hand_n breadth_n four_o hand_n a_o â—oote_n five_o foot_n foot_n a_o geometrical_a pace_n for_o two_o simple_a pase_n pase_n make_v five_o foot_n also_o 125._o geometrical_a pase_n make_v a_o furlong_n eight_o furlong_n one_o mile_n which_o be_v a_o thousand_o pase_n and_o three_o mile_n one_o lâ—ague_n in_o germany_n they_o make_v league_n of_o more_o foot_n and_o in_o some_o place_n more_o than_o in_o 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of_o the_o one_o do_v increase_v or_o differ_v above_o the_o day_n of_o the_o other_o by_o half_a a_o hour_n so_o that_o the_o space_n of_o the_o superficial_a of_o the_o earth_n between_o two_o paralelle_n line_n wherein_o the_o long_a day_n do_v increase_v or_o differ_v by_o half_a a_o hour_n be_v call_v a_o climate_n the_o place_n where_o they_o suppose_v the_o first_o climate_n to_o begin_v climate_n be_v distant_a in_o latitude_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a by_o 12._o degree_n and_o 45._o minute_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v 12._o hour_n day_n and_o 45._o minute_n &_o the_o place_n where_o the_o last_o climate_n do_v finish_v be_v in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 50._o degree_n and_o 30._o minute_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v 16._o hour_n and_o 15._o minute_n climate_n so_o that_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o long_a day_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o seven_o climate_n do_v exceed_v it_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o first_o climate_n by_o three_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a and_o the_o 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distance_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o also_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n which_o every_o climate_n contain_v the_o long_a day_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n  _fw-fr difference_n of_o the_o latitude_n climate_n begin_v midst_n end_n beginning_n midst_n end_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ho._n m_o ho._n m_o ho._n m_o g_o m_o g_o m_o g_o m_o g_o m_o 1_o 12_o 45_o 13_o 0_o 13_o 15_o 12_o 45_o 16_o 40_o 20_o 30_o 7_o 45_o 2_o 13_o 15_o 13_o 30_o 13_o 45_o 20_o 30_o 24_o 15_o 27_o 30_o 7_o 0_o 3_o 13_o 45_o 14_o 0_o 14_o 15_o 27_o 30_o 30_o 45_o 33_o 40_o 6_o 10_o 4_o 14_o 15_o 14_o 30_o 14_o 45_o 33_o 40_o 36_o 24_o 39_o 0_o 5_o 20_o 5_o 14_o 45_o 15_o 0_o 15_o 15_o 39_o 0_o 41_o 20_o 43_o 30_o 4_o 30_o 6_o 15_o 15_o 15_o 30_o 15_o 45_o 43_o 30_o 45_o 24_o 47_o 15_o 3_o 45_o 7_o 15_o 45_o 16_o 0_o 16_o 15_o 47_o 15_o 48_o 40_o 50_o 30_o 3_o 15_o the_o first_o climate_n be_v call_v dia_n meroes_n mâ—râ—â—_n meroe_n be_v a_o city_n of_o aphrike_n under_o the_o burn_a zone_n on_o this_o side_n the_o equinoctial_a 16._o degree_n the_o second_o be_v call_v dia_n sienna_n sienâ—_n sienna_n be_v a_o city_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o ethiope_n where_o there_o be_v a_o well_o that_o show_v the_o summer_n solstitial_a because_o that_o place_n be_v under_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o the_o sun_n seem_v to_o stand_v direct_o over_o that_o place_n at_o mydday_n of_o the_o solsticiall_a whereby_o the_o well_o be_v then_o very_a clear_a and_o have_v in_o it_o no_o shadow_n at_o all_o as_o the_o poet_n
syxteéne_fw-mi compass_n you_o must_v make_v they_o between_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o first_o syxteéne_v point_n where_o the_o quarter_n be_v make_v with_o their_o wind_n as_o we_o have_v say_v it_o be_v the_o custom_n for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o paint_v upon_o the_o centre_n of_o these_o compass_n a_o flower_n or_o a_o rose_n centre_n with_o diverse_a colour_n &_o gold_n difference_v the_o line_n and_o mark_v they_o with_o letter_n and_o other_o mark_n especial_o sign_v the_o north_n with_o a_o flower_n deluce_n and_o â—he_v east_n with_o a_o crosse._n this_o beside_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o wind_n north._n serve_v also_o for_o the_o garnish_n of_o the_o card_n and_o this_o for_o y_z e_z most_o part_n be_v do_v after_o that_o the_o coast_n be_v draw_v and_o thus_o much_o suffice_v for_o the_o draught_n of_o the_o wind_n the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n etc._n port_n and_o island_n in_o the_o card_n accord_v to_o their_o proper_a difference_n consy_v 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