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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
B23787	China and France, or, Two treatises the one, of the present state of China as to the government, customs, and manners of the inhabitants thereof ... from the observation of two Jesuites lately returned from that country, written and published by the French Kings cosmographer and now Englished : the other, containing the most remarkable passages of the reign and life of the present French King, Lewis the Fourteenth, and of the valour of our English in his armies.	Magalotti, Lorenzo, conte, 1637-1712. Viaggio del P. Giovanni Grueber tornando per terea da China in Europa. English.; Grueber, Johann, 1623-1680.; Orville, Albert, comte d', 1621-1662.; Thévenot, M. (Melchisédech), 1620?-1692.	1676 (1676)	Wing G2163	63,324	224

Justice and Wisdom that are reported of him It hapned when I was at Lahor a Prince caused the Groom of his Stables to be killed in a very barbarous manner his head to be struck through with a large Nail for a small fault for not having tended and dressed his beloved Horse as he should have done When the Emperor was sitting in the Seat of Judicature which he constantly doth every moneth in a day appointed for that purpose in a great Meadow out of the Royal City the Grooms or Farrier Wife made her complaints of the cruel massacre of her Husband the Great Mogol sent immediately for the Prince and asked him If it were so as the Woman said He confessed his crime Therefore the Mogol caused him to be stretched upon the Ground and commanded the Woman or the Farriers Widow to deal with him in the same manner as he had dealt with her deceased husband There are many other reports concerning the Justice and Wisdom of this Prince He governs his Kingdom very well and causeth Justice to be administred only to ingratiate himself with his Subjects and prevent the tumults which they might otherwise be tempted to raise because of the cruel detention of his aged Father for which unnatural deed he knows that he is hated He is about forty years old it may be when his Father shall be dead he will loose his present Moderation and his forced Inclinations now imprisoned by the considerations of Safety and Interest may burst out and discover themselves In this manner Father Grueber answered to our Questions we had a great desire to inquire of other Matters concerning that remote Countrey but in regard our conversation had lasted many hours and that much of the night had been spent in this pleasing discourse we thanked him for his great civility and withdrew to our Lodgings Observations of the Travels of Father J. Grueber taken out of the Letters which he hath written in Latine to Kircherus IN the Year One thousand six hundred sixty one in the Moneth of June these Fathers travelled out of Pekin and in thirty days they arrived at Siganfú and from thence they went to Sining or Siningfu in as many more having twice passed the River Hoang This City of Sining or Siningfu is a great City full of Inhabitants scituate near the prodigious Wall of China through its Gates all Merchants and Passengers out of India must pass to enter into Cathaia or China and where they must rest until they have got from the King a Passport to proceed further This City is in Thirty six Degrees and ten Minutes from the Pole From Sining they went in three Moneths time through Kalmuck a Wilderness of Tartaria to the Borders of the Kingdom of Lassa which the Tartars call Barantola This Wilderness is in some places Mountainous in others plain full of Sand and Gravel and therefore is barre● and unfruitful Nevertheless Nature hath allowed some few Rivers to water it upon their Banks there is very good Grass for Cattle Th●● Desart stretches it self from t●● Southern part of India to t●● Northern and is so large that n●ver any body yet that I could find did ever survey its bounds som● think that it reacheth as far as th● Frozen Seas It hath many name● P. Marcus Venetus names it the Desart of Lop famous for the ordinar● apparitions of Devils and Spirits 〈◊〉 but the Fathers of our Society mak● no mention of it although these Spirits have oftentimes discovered themselves He does not approve of their continuance and constant appearing to all The Tartars did antiently call it Belgian afterwards Somo the Chineses Kalmuck others Caracathai that is to say Black Cathaia where no Animal is to be seen but wilde Beeves of an extraordinary bigness The Tartars that are used to the Desarts venture through at any time and when they come to the Rivers that afford any feeding for ●heir Cattel there they commonly pitch their Tents capacious enough to shelter Man and Beast From Lassa otherwise named Barantola situate in twenty nine degrees and six minutes from the Pole they came in four days to the Foot of the Mountain Langur This Mountain is one of the highest of the World so that when Travellers pass over its top they can scarce draw their breath because of the subtilty of the Air. The breath of several venomous Herbs render a passage this way in Summer to be very dangerous to our health This Mountain is so full of grievous Precipices and steep Rocks that neither Cart nor Horse can pass over it therefore all Passengers are force● to march a foot for a moneths time● till they come to Cuth the firs● Town of the Kingdom of Nekbal upon the Borders Although this Region is so mountainous and difficult to pass ove● Nature hath furnished it with several Springs of hot and of cold Water that burst out of the Concavities Here is in some places plenty of Fish for Men and Grass for Cattel I think this is the Hilly Region which Ptolomy saith that it lies under the Mount Caucasus and stretcheth it self a great way into the East Countrey and then divides into ranks of Hills the one tends to the North the other to the South He calls it Parapanismus and P. Marcus Venetus Belor Other Nations do give other names to these Hills that border upon their several Countreys From Cuth in five days journey they came to the City Nesti belonging to the Kingdom of Nekbal where the Inhabitants live in a most grievous Idolatry without the least knowledge of Christianity This place abounds in all manner of things necessary for the life of Man so that you may have thirty or forty Hens for a crown From Nesti they travelled in six days to the Metropolis of the Kingdom of Nekbal called Cadmendu lying in twenty seven degrees and five minutes from the Pole The King is a great Prince and a Heathen but no Enemy to Christianity From Cadmendu in half a day they went to Nekbal the cheif City of the Kingdom which is called also Baddan and from thence in five days they arrived at the City Hedonda belonging to the Kingdom of Maranga situate in twenty six degrees and thiry six minutes from the Pole From thence in eight days Travellers go to Mutgari the first City upon the confines of the Kingdom of Mogol From Mutgari they went to Battana a Town of the Kingdom of Bengala situate upon the River Ganges in twenty five degrees and forty four minutes From Battana in eight days they came to Benares a populous Town near the River Ganges lying in twenty four degrees and fifty minutes It is a noted place for there are the Schools of the Brachmans where all the Sciences professed in those Countreys are taught and with them the most abominable Superstitions From Benares there are eight days journey to Catampor and from thence to Agra seven more From Pekin to Agra Men go in 214 days But when they go

CHINA AND FRANCE OR Two Treatises The one Of the present State of China As to the Government Customs and Manners of the Inhabitants thereof never yet known to us before in Europe From the observation of two Jesuites lately returned from that Countrey Written and Published by the French Kings Cosmographer and now Englished The other Containing the most remarkable Passages of the Reign and Life of the present French King Lewis the Fourteenth and of the valour of our English in his Armies London Printed by T. N. for Samuel Lowndes over against Exeter-house in the Strand 1676. The present State of CHINA ON the Thirtieth day of January 1665. I went in the company of Mr. Carlos Daty to visit Father John Grueber at his arrival from Constantinople About two years since he came out of China where he had resided full three years He began his pilgrimage at Venice where he took shipping for Smyrna from thence by Land he marched to Ormus in five moneths from thence to Macao in seven so from the South Coast he travelled to the North through the large Empire o● China sometimes upon Rivers an● commodious Channels and sometimes by Land and at last he go● safe to the City of Pekin In his return from thence he adventured t● pass and survey a Countrey whic● was never yet seen before by any i● Europe namely The unfruitful Sands of the Desarts of Tartaria which he passed over in three days and came to the Coast of an Inland Sea called Kokonor Kokonor in Ta●tarty signifies Great Sea not much unlike to the Caspian The River Jannus that runs through China with a strange rapidity discharges it self into the Oriental Sea near the Island of Carea hath here its source This River is the deep●st and largest of all that Countr●y Afterwards this adventurous Traveller lost the sight of the Sea to ●nter further into the Land into the Province of Toktokai which is 〈◊〉 barren and wild that one of the Neighboring people can have any temptation to dispossess the antient Inhabitants Nothing is there remarkable but only some few dispersed Tents of the Tartars who lead a most miserable life The beautiful River Toktokai which is as large as Danubinus but so shallow that any Man on Horseback may ford it over in the deepest place watereth this blessed Countrey and gives unto it a name From hence our Traveller passed through the Province of Tangut which is very populous and belongs to the Kingdom of Barantola he visited in his way the City of Retink and the Kingdom of Barantola the Metropolis is called Lassa and the present King Teva He is of a very antient and noble Family of the Tartars of Tangut His ordinary residence is at Butala a lofty Castle built according to the European mode upon a high Hill having Buildings of four stories of very good and regular workmanship The Court of this Prince is numerous and his attendants are extream lavish in their apparel which is for the most part of Cloath of Gold and of embroidered Stuffs Nevertheless this Nation is generally very sluttish and unhandsome in their attire Neither Men nor Women wear lining next to their skin Their common Bed is the ground their ordinary food is raw Flesh and they are not so scrupulous to wash their hands or faces but they appear very kind and courteous to strangers Their Women have the liberty to walk about the Streets as amongst the other Tartars but their other Customs are like to those of China Their Arch-Priest or Mufty is called Lamacongiù whom they reverence as God and believe to be related to their first King but they name him the Brother of all the the Kings of the World They are perswaded that he riseth from the dead as often as he dies and that this Man hath already risen seven times The Kings and Polititians of that Countrey labor by subtil means to entertain the common people in this strange belief and the Lamacongiu himself contributes to it for he keeps his face always covered and suffers none to look upon it but such as are acquainted with the mystery The Nobility do mightily respect him some of them come to that point of adoration as to covet that which is incredible and to carry it about as a sacred relick From Barantola Father Grueber travelled to the Kingdom of Nekpal and in a moneths time passed through it The two principal Towns are Catmandir and Patan situate on the Banks of a River opposite to one another This latter is a young Prince very well accomplished he commands all the Militia of the Kingdom as General When Father Grueber was there he was at the head of a great Army marching against a Neighboring King called Varcam who made frequent inroads to spoil the Countrey The Jesuites gave this young Prince a Prospective Glass through which he caused him to look at a place where Varcam's Army lay encamped he found it so nigh that he gave order presently to make ready and prepare for the fight for he perceived not that this propinquity was but an effect of the Glass This present was acceptable to him From Nekpal our Traveller went in five days to the Kingdom of Moranga where he could see no City but only small Houses covered with Straw and little Huts one appointed for a Custom-Housse The King of Moranga pays a yearly tribute of 250000 Rixdollers and seven Elephants to the Mogol From Moranga he travelled into that part of India which is beyond the River Ganges and came to Minapor the Metropolis of that Countrey where he passed over that River which is twice as big as the Danubius From thence he went to Patan and from that City in five and twenty days to Agra the Royal City of that part of India which is on this side Ganges From thence to Laor in fourteen days This City is built upon the Banks of the River Ravi which is as large as Danubius it runs into India near M●ltaia There he took Boat and was carried down the River in forty days to Tata the utmost City of Indostan the ordinary residence of the Viceroy of that Countrey his name is Laskarkan there he met with many English and Dutch Marchants From this place he sailed to Ormuz by Sea from Ormuz he went to Persia afterwards he returned back to Smyrna where he took shipping and arrived safe at Messina from thence he went to Rome where he received an express command to go back again to China For that purpose he travelled into Germany and Polonia hoping to find another way through Muscovia By the Emperors procurement he had got Pasports from the Dukes of Curland and Muscovia But when he was so far on his way as the Borders of Muscovia he understood that the King of Poland and the Tartars had made a conjuction of their Forces with an intent to attempt upon the Duke of Muscovia By this means he was diverted in his passage to Musco for

are happy if they are discharged only for the loss of their Offices for commonly they are condemned to die I asked the Father whether there were none left of the Race of the last Kings that reigned in China For Monsieur Dati said that some affirm that a Son of the former King of China had escaped into an adjacent Island where he doth now live The Father assured us that if we did but consider where that Island was situate that it was enough to convince us of the fal●hood of that report For it is in the Oriental part of China therefore in such a case the Prince was to pass and travel many moneths through the whole Body of the Tartarian Army and conquered Territories for they were come that way into China which is a thing not possible to be performed The King his Father that reigned then was become effeminate by his lascivious behavior He seldom shewed himself out of his Pa●l●ce more then once a year leaving the Government of the Kingdom and Army to 10000 treacherous Eunuchs that had called in the Tartars who had subdued three whole Provinces and besieged the City of Pekin ●ound about before the King knew any thing of their attempts upon his Government This sudden approach and surprise cast him into such a despair that he resolved to die In order to it he writ with his own blood upon a Busquin of white Damask these words God preserve the new King let him not trust my Counsellors but let him take compassion of my people After this he hanged one of his Daughters and then hanged himself under the door that leads into the Garden of his Pallace The Queen also died in the same manner but her Son and another of her Daughters were taken by the Tartars and shut up in a prison where they died also We inquired of what Family were the antient Kings of China and the Kings that now reign of what House they are He informed us that the antient Kings of China were of the Family called Min which signifies Light Monsieur Dati replied wherefore then doth Father Martinius in his History call their Family Taimin Tai answered Father Grueber signifies Stock or Race so that the meaning of Taimin is the Race of Min as we say the Race or the House of Austria or the House of Arragon But he told us that the Tartars have no name to their Families they are not distinguishable but by their proper names The Father of this present King was called Xun-chi that is to say The Son of Heaven and this Kings name is Tun-min A great Light We desired him to tell us how the King lives with his Wives and what distinction he did put between their Children and the Children of his Concubins At this question he answered almost in the words of the Canticles Chap. 6. Sexaginta sunt Reginae octogint 〈◊〉 Conc●binae adolescentulorum non●est num●rus The truth is the King hath fifteen Wives honored with the title of Queen they are not all equal three of them are more esteemed then the rest The first and the cheif is named Cnis● that is to say A perfect Queen One of the others is stiled Tum-si Queen of the East and the other Si-fi Queen of the West These two Queens are named collateral they attend upon the Soveraign Queen but never speak to her but upon their knees but the other twelve are never admitted to speak to her But if they desire to signifie any thing to her they do it by the mediation of these Collateral Queens The other Wives are more or less according to the Kings pleasure and humor but it is certain that there is never less then one hundred they are all in the Guardianship of Eunuchs But the Children of these Wives are all equal he is looked upon to be the cheif whom the King chuseth as his Successor The King that reigns now is the Son of a Concubine he attained not to that honor for want of other Brethren for he was preferred to five of his Brethren Queens Sons a little before his Father died because when the dying King had called them before him he did not look upon them as able to command in cheif and manage so great an Empire Therefore he ordered this Man to be seated in the Throne and to be proclaimed King in his stead and his Mother to be declared Queen Regent during his minority appointing him four Tutors or Governors of whom the cheif is named Samni I inquired afterwards how they did bury their Kings He answered that they did never bury their Corps but burn them according to the Tartarian fashion The pile is not of Wood but of Paper it is almost incredible what a vast quantity is imployed or rather wasted in such an occasion For they do not only burn his Body but also all his Wardrobe his Moveables his Treasury his Jewels in a word all that was useful to the deceased or that was designed for his service the living Animals only excepted Twelve Elephants bridled and richly harnassed loaden with Turkish Stones meral ds Saphirs and all manner of jewels of an inestimable price three hundred Ho●ses and one hundred Camels carried the Kings Treasure at the last Funeral All this was unloaden and put upon this Mount of Paper erected to burn the Kings dead Body when the fire had been put to it the Gold and Silver did run from it in streams and force a way through the gazing multitude who are not all idle lookers on for some seek to advantage themselves with the spoils of the deceased But there is a great care taken to prevent such kind of violences and stealth by the watchfulness of the Guards and by the grievous punishments inflicted upon such offenders The Tartars are very superstitious in this respect and careful to consume to ashes the very Bones and not suffer so much as the bigness of a Pins-head to remain the Gold and the Silver that is left after the burning is spent to provide more Paper in such a case and to burn again the relicks of the dead Body for the Souls sake At the last Funeral when the expence of Paper was reckoned up it amounted to no less then Seventy thousand Crowns and the whole Treasure that was there consumed to Forty thousand Millions Three of the Kings domesticks a Privy Counsellor a Chaplain and a Concubine devoted themselves to attend upon the deceased Princes Soul and follow him into another life by sacrificing themselves assoon as the breath was out of his Body They have always the liberty to chuse what manner of death they like best but commonly their Heads are cut off which is the most usual kind of death amongst these people to punish offenders only Soldiers are strangled Besides these three Officers many offer themselves freely to death some out of affection for their King others out of a superstitious perswasion unto which their Religion inclines them But in

our Religion had been heretofore professed in this place From hence they travelled to the first City 〈◊〉 the Mogols Kingdom named H●donda and from thence to Battani a City upon the River Gange● and then to Benares the Academy of the Brachmans afterwards the● went to Agra the Royal Palla● of the Mogol Father Albertus d'O●ville sick and weary of his trave●ling died within a few days after 〈◊〉 arrival in this middle way betwee● China and Europe FINIS THE Most Remarkable PASSAGES OF The Life and Reign OF LEWIS XIV The Present KING IN FRANCE LONDON Printed for Samuel Lownds over against Exeter-House in the Strand 1675. The most noted Passages of the Raign of the French King THe French and Spanish Monarchies seldom live long in Peace Either the Interest of the Kingdoms or the jealousies of State or the humors of the People or the natural aversions and animosities which they have received by inheritance from their Forefathers do frequently kindle the flames of War Their Neighborhood and continual Conversation furnishes them with many occasions of distastes and disputes for both the Spaniard and the French have no compliance nor respect for one another They are naturally proud and high-minded they pretend both to the Universal Monarchy and think all the World must bow and creep to their greatness I intend not to examine in this short Tract the causes of their frequent Ruptures and Wars I shall confine my discourse within the Borders of the French Dominions where we must visit the King and Court and see what hath hapned worthy of our observation upon that famous Theater of Europe I design not so much to satisfie the Readers curiosity as to furnish him with that knowledge which he may improve to his advantage for in every capacity true and impartial History tends to our right information and direction God by his providence teacheth men as well as by his Word It concerns us not to neglect the means that he affords for our instruction And there is nothing more required in men that pretend to learning and perfection then to be acquainted with the late and present Affairs as well as with those that we have received from our Forefathers Relations It is very observable that the French and Spaniards seldom conclude Peace without a Marriage The old Fable of Mars's Adultery or Conjunction with Venus is a practice so ordinary amongst them that it needs no proof In the year One thousand six hundred and fifteen the Polititians of both Kingdoms were resolved to conclude their disputes and reunite their interests in a Marriage between Lewis the Thirteenth sirnamed The Just and Anne of Austria Infanta of Spain Both Kingdoms expected from these two hopeful Princes a numerous posterity but to the great disappointment of their Subjects and of all Europe they lived together three and twenty years without Children Success follows not always our best endeavors At last in the Moneth of September One thousand six hundred thirty and eight the Queen was brought to Bed of a brave lusty Boy who was saluted and welcomed into the World by the Parliament of Paris with the name of Dieu-donnè Given of God For they were verily perswaded that his Birth and Conception had been miraculous in regard of the indisposition of his Father To strengthen this perswasion the more by Cardinal Mazarines contrivance then the Factotum of France the King the Queen and the whole Court had been in Procession with much devotion bare-footed to the Chappel of the Virgin Mary near Paris to desire from her a Son and Heir to the Crown o● France Therefore the French look upon this Prince as the effect and return of their Prayers then solemnly offered up to the Blessed Virgin for within a year after the King and Queen were blessed with this hopeful Child to the greater joy of France then of some of the Blood Royal who had promised to themselves the Kingdom in case Lewis the Thirteenth did die without issue Their discontents remained long concealed in private and were not suffered to break out into a Publick War by the good order that the Cardinal gave to the Affairs of the Kingdom and by their respect for the King then alive But afterwards when they saw Lewis in his Grave the People dissatisfied and the Grandees discontented with the Italian Government they proclaimed their displeasures at the Head of an Army with the loud noise of Drums Trumpets and Cannon as we shall see by and by As soon as the Dolphin was inaugurated into his Principality and initiated into Christian Religion they gave him his Attendants and Officers according to his quality and Birth the two cheif were his Governess a Lady of a noble spirit and Hardouin de Perefixe afterwards Bishop of Rhodes and since removed to the Archbishoprick of Paris was his Governor and Tutor He is a great Polititian Wise and Learned very affable and courteous Whiles he lay in his Cradle we can find nothing worthy of our notice but as soon as he stept out of it to walk alone Providence waited upon him to put into his hands a Scepter before he could manage it For at four years of age and a few Moneths his Father Lewis sirnamed The Just departed this life having published before his Declaration dated April 21. 1643. By which the Queen was appointed Regent and Governess of the whole Kingdom the Duke of Orleans was her Lieutenant and cheif of the Council The Prince of Condé deceased the Cardinal Mazarine Monsieur Seguier Chancellor of France Monsieur Bouthillier and Monsieur Chavigny were to be of this Privy Council but the conduct of the Army then on foot was left to the Duke of Enguien who is now Prince of Condé This Declaration settled the Affairs of the Kingdom and prevented the mischeif which might have hapned in case the election of these great Officers of State had been left to the choice of such as might have designed to imbroil the Kingdom for their own private ends About a Moneth after on the fourteenth day of May 1643. the King died At that time the Spaniard was attempting to inlarge his Dominions in the Low Countreys by a War with France Don Francisco de Melo was Viceroy there at the Head of an Army before Rocroy a French Garrison which he besieged in vain For the Duke of Enguien a young General of twenty two years of age came seasonably to its relief forced the Spaniards to a retreat and obtained of them a notable victory on the nineteenth of May. All their Artillery was taken with about threescore Colours all their Bag and Baggage and six thousand prisoners The Colours were sent to Paris to be presented to the new King six days after his promotion to the Throne The Viceroy behaved himself like a great Commander he incouraged his men by his words promises and example where he perceived the greatest danger there did he hazard his person and his life but when he saw the day