Government Besides that the most incorrupt Prefects over Countries must needs be inrich'd what with presents and what their revenues furnish'd to them whereby they might depart honourably whensoever they were recall'd home by the Supream commands So that it must needs be that in Italy all the treasures of the known parts of the Universe were to be found If there were curious Linnen in any remote Country there it was to be seen If a good race of Dogs in the most forreign parts thither they were transmitted If an excellent horse were bred in Greece or Numidia or Aegypt it must be sent to Italy So that one may justly compare Italy to a rich Cabinet adorned with an universall collection of what rarities the despoyled world could afford This advantage accrued to them from Inferiour Kings and Commonwealths as to Land-lords from their Vassalls And there must needs arise another occasion to encrease their gallantry for Commerce attends Wealth And surely when they had the World as tributary under their power which was in the reigne of Augustus under whom our Author flourish'd how great Commerce must that immense revenew draw after it We are apt enough to flatter our selves but our communication is contain'd within straighter limits neither have so full and ocular understanding especially of in-land Commodities as they had who held such strict Intelligence in that vast Body Politique This may be evident in the Georgiques of Virgil and Naturall History of Pliny but no where more illustrious then in this small piece of Gratius wherein is contain'd so great choyce of all Subjects that he writes upon as it may easily appeare how he convers'd in a well-furnished shop It will therefore be usefull to enquire into that multiplicity of places which is spread through the Poem in which I shal chiefly follow the guidance of Ferrario in his most exact Geographical dictionary which as yet is very rare to be met with but will within a short time come forth throughly corrected from innumerable negligences in the Millaine Edition being now under the presse and having advanced some part of the way Acarnania At this day is called Carnia and Despotato it is a Region of Epirus bending towards the South bordering upon Aetolia towards the East The people are called Acarnans their Cities were Ambracia Actium Leucas Halyzaea and Astacus their rivers Aracthus and Achelous Our Authour in praysing the craftinesse of the Acarnanian breed of Dogs does ingeniously allude to the History mentioned by Thucydides of the 400. Acarnans planted in Ambuscado by Demosthenes which were order'd to fall upon the Peloponnesians and accordingly did with great execution and successe Achaia Is taken largely for a great tract of Greece now called Livadia and Rumelia bordering towards the North upon Thessaly Westward on Epirus Southward on Peloponnesus and towards the East encompassed by the Sea But Achaia proprie dicta is a Country of Peâ—oponnesus between Corinth and Patrae Iying to the Bay of Corinth Acyrus This place is suspicious of corruption Gesner substitutes Acytus and Vlitius out of Virgil Taygetus taking it for the Spartan Dogs Aemonius I take it here to signifie Thessalian It also is a Citty of Histria Città nuova and another of upper Pannonia call'd Igg. Aeoliae Sibyllae vallis He meanes Cumae as Vlitius hath corrected it which Salmasius at the same time so corrected both directed from the praise which Pliny gives to the â—uman Flâ—x Sibylla in Virgil is called Aeolica who afterwards translated her propheticall cave into Campania there shee had a Temple built the whole City was under her patronage so that Juvenal saith of one going to dwell at Cumae that he did unumâ—ivem donare Sibyllae Aetnaeae artes The Dance of Curassiers instituted by Aeneas in honour of his deceased Father which required a strong horse this Mountaine which is the greatest of Sicily is now called Mongibello Aetolus The Country of Aetolia is at the present named Artinia and Lepantâ— A Region of Achaia seated in the borders of Epirus westward Between the Locri East and Acarnans west divided from the former by the River Evenus and from the latter by Achelous having these Cities Naupactum Calydon â—halcis and Olenus This therefore is observable in the comparison of the Acarnanian Dogs which were close with the Etolians their very next Neighbours which were so blam'd for being open that in the nearest vicinity of Countries may happen the greatest Opposition of Manners Nemo est tam prope â—am procúque nobis Agragas A Territory of Sicily the Towne is called Agrigentum also now Girgenti and the Riveâ— at this day Drago and a great Hill as in this place and so observ'd by Vibius Alabanda Now by the Turks call'd Eblebanda An Inland City of Caria between Amizo on the West and Stratonice on the East Pliny commends the Alabandique hemp for nets Albania A Region of Macedonia North of Epirus The Albanesi are a people warlike as they have since approved themselves under Scanderbeg pernix Albania from their great force and strength of body Altinum Afterwards Altino once a famous City of Venice at the mouth of the River Silis lying almost midway between Padua and Concordia it was raz'd by the Huâ—ns what time Attila overthrew Aquileia and Concordia Altinates gâ—nistae It appeares that the ginostra in Venice must bear a considerable growth to bee a fit matter for Spears and Darts which afterwards he requires to be In quinos sublata pedes hastilia plena The Wood is indeed of a tough Nature and in those warmer Countries all vegetables are encourag'd with a more geniall Sun but otherwise in our Island I have not ordinarily seen Broom grow up to that heighth reqâ—iqâ—ir'd It is a Frutex very frequent and aâ—turally overrunning many grounds with us which gives denomination to the adjacent Townes that are from thence called Bromley Of these Townes I have seen two in Tendering hundred in Essex where all that Tract of land was spread with Broom as thick as Marasses use to be covered with Rushes or Heaths with Brambles and indeed they are generally as low as a Suffrutex called by Virgil Humiles Genistae Yet I am informed by knowing Arborists that Broom oftentimes rises to a far higher pitch than what is here determined and though it bee commonly ranck'd amongst the Frutices yet it is of an Arboreous nature and hath a stock which ascends and spreads into a body of some Bâ—lke Amyclae It is here set down Lacedaemoniae Amyclae which distinguishes it from the Italian Amyclae of which Virgil. Aen. 10. ditissimus agri Qui fuit Ausonidum tacitis regnavit Amyclis This other is a City of Laconia in Peloponnesus famous for hunting Virg. 3. Georg. Armaque Amyclaeumque canem Cressamque pharetram Athamania A Region of Epirus on the borders of Thessaly and Acarnania The words of Gratius in this place are doubtfull for either he saith that as the Brittish Dogs do excell in courage
so do the Athamanians in craft which agrees with his usuall way of Antithesis taking opposite qualities and setting one against the other or else he speaks a more noble thing in commendation of our Country-Dogs saying that as the Brittish Dogs exceed the Molossians in stoutnesse so they equall the Athamanian Thessalian Epirote in subtilty and this interpretation may be verify'd from the Nature and usuall experience of our Mastiffes that play at the Bull or Bear which will subire play low and creep beneath till they fasten upon the Beast Boeotius The Country is a Region of Achaia lying between the Corinthian Bay and Aegean Sea bordering upon Doris Phocis Attica and Phthiotis antiently call'd Ogygia now Stramuzuppa The head City is Thebes now almost ruin'd built by Cadmus whom Ovid brings in hunting too in these parts and when Countries were lesse planted with Cities and Towns Hunting must needs have been more frequented for then beasts were every where obvious but where man inhabits they are either frighted away or extirpated So that as we have encreas'd they have decreas'd Bisaltes A people of Thrace bordering upon Macedonia inhabiting all about Amphipolis and Philippi Britanni Though he mean all this great Island comprehending England and Scotland yet at that time onely part of that which is now call'd England was open to the Romans Therefore it hath great Emphasis when he saies atque ipsos libeat penetrare Britannos It was but in the Age before that they said Virg. Aeâ—eid 9. Extremique hominum Morini reputing the Picards to be in the uttermost line of the World Now therefore how suddainly come they to be acquainted in Italy with the Mastiffes or Hounds of Brittain yet they had not that particular notice of them all as it may be the land then afforded but as it is certain they are now Besides our Mastiffe which seems to be an Indigena or Native of England we train up most excellent Greâ—-hounds which seem to have been brought hither by the Galls in our open Champaines Then for hounds the West-Country Cheshire and Lancaâ—hire with other Wood-land and Mountainous Countries breed our Slow-Hound which is a large great dog tall and heavy Then Worcestershire Bedfordshire and many well mixt soiles where the Campaigne and covert are of equall largeness produce a middle siz'd dog of a more nimble composure than the former Lastly the North-parts as York-shire Cumberland Northumber-land and many other plain champaign Countries breed the light nimble swift flender Fleet-hound which Mr. Markam with his wonted curiosity doth observe After all these the little Beagle is attributed to our Country this is by Ulitius shown to be the Canis Agassaeus of Oppian against Cajus All these Dogs have deserv'd to be famous in adjacent and remote countries whither they are sent for great rarities and ambitiously sought for by their Lords and Princes although onely the fighting Dogs seem to have been known to the antient Authors and perhaps in that Age Hunting was not so much cultivated by our own Countrymen Bubastiasacra Feasts consecrated to the Goddesse which was worshipp'd at Bubastus or Bubastis a City of Egypt upon the Nile within the Delta where she had a stately Temple Ovid. 9. Met. Sanctaque Bubastis call'd at this day Pibesseth or Azioth Callaeci equi It is a Country of Arragon in Spain The most remote toward the Sea call'd vulgarly by the Italians Gallicia The people by the Spaniards are nam'd Gallegos they border upon Las Esturias the Astures by the Cantabrian Sea over the Pyrenean Mountaines The Asturcones are a famous race of ambling horses and such was accounted the swiftnesse of the Spanish horses that they were fabled to have been begotten of the wind Calydonia This same vanae Calydonia linguae is but a speciall name of that babling japping hound which he had before discommended At clangore citat c. Aetolâ quaecunque canis de stripe c. Calydon is a City of Aetolia upon the River Evenus seven mile to the North from its Mouth Caudinus Taburnus Caudium was a Town of the Hirpini afterwards call'd Harpadium now Arpaia it is between Capua and Beneventum within Mountains four miles from Abella Hence was the name Caudinae fauces Stretto d' Arpaia and Giogo di S. Maria the narrow passes in the valley of Caudium which is commonly said Val di Gardano through these the Romans were made to pass under the Gallows by the Samnians Call'd Caudinae Furcae and Caudinum Jugum Two miles off from this Passe stands Taburnus now Taburo an Hill of Campania abounding with Olive Trees Celtae A people of the Galls from whence that part of Gallia which is Lyons was call'd Celtique I have conceiv'd in their elogy of of the Celtique Dogs that diversi Celtae may import not onely remotenesse in country from the Mede but that they were differing from the indocilis Medus being both pugnacious and sagacious Ulitius understands them to be of the same conditions with the Mede Cerauni Horses bred in the Mountaines of Epirus call'd Ceraunii and Acroceraunij but at this day Monte della Chimera they may be hence thought to run up into Macedonia and receive a denomination from Pella Chaoniae The Mares of Chaonia antiently Molossia modernly Canina Chaonis ales the Dove Chaonia glans the old fare of rude mankind Creta Now call'd Candy in old times it had some reputation of hunting Virgil Cressamque pharetram Lucan Gnossasque agitare Pharetras Ovid. Nec Gortyniaco calamus levis exit ab arcu Here was one of the hundred Cities Dictynna another Cydon Ovid. Armaque equosque habitusque Cydoneasque pharetras Now as Gratius Sparta suos Creta suos promittit alumnos so Ovid joynes these two famous races together Gnossius Ichnobates Spartanâ gente Melampus Et patre Dictaeo sed matre Laconide nati Afterwards Labros Agriodûs acutae vocis Hylactor And indeed from this example appears that Gratius by promittit does signifie offers presents rather then boasts coÌ„pares by which he implies that this most excellent Limehound must be of a mixt breed from the Cretan and Spartan that they prov'd of such generous conditions beyond others Thus Ulitius hath truly interpreted it in the latter place To your high breed Countries of Dogs not base Sparta and Creta de conferre their race Cynips A River of Africa rising from the deserts of inward Libya and after a long course flowing into the little quicksand by Tripoli between iâ— and Barathia the River is now call'd Magra near which were Goats of no common size Cyniphij Hirci Cyniphia lina Antiently Carthaginian Flax was in great esteem Cyrrha A City of Phocia now Aspropiti at the roots of the Mount Parnassus upon the Crissaean Bay 60 furlongs to the South of Delphos dedicated to Apollo Elis. A Region of Peloponnesus betweene Arcadiae and Achaia and the Ionian Sea with a City of the same name now Belvedere of Morea Here were the great Matches for
horse-races every Olympiad Falisci Phalisci A people of Hetruria inhabiting between the Mountain Ciminus and River Tiber their Cities Falisca Faleria Fescennia and Horta The Mountain of the Falisci Soracte a Mountain of Hetruria in the bounds of the Falisci upon the River Tiber. Monte S. Oresto and M. di S. Silvestro Galli When he saies inconsulti Galli he may wel enough mean it of the Grayhounds which are â—reckon'd by the antients for the canis Gallicus which can premere inventam not invenire feram latentem Ganges Ganga that great river dividing the farther India from the hither of these Ptolomy calls the hither India intra Gangem the farther extra Gangem breaking forth from the Emodi montes and issuing towards the South in two channells whose farthest mouthes are distant from one to the other eighty Spanish Leagues in which it falls into the Indian Ocean this is Physon one of the four great rivers which flow out of Paradise according to St Hierom and Isidore Upon this river is seated the Royall City and great Mart of Spices Bengala and from this Gangetica tellus or Realme of Bengala our East India Merchants bring all those rich Odours which are dispersed not onely through Europe but over the whole world For which reason it is by our Elegant Authour worthily stil'd Nardifer Ganges Garganus Monte Gargano and Monte di S. Angelo by which name the late City in it is signified distant from Sipontum five miles a mountaine of Daunian Apulia having in compasse 200 Miles as Pliny where is the Garganian promontory between Sipontum and Hyrium of this Lucan Apulus Hadriacas exit Garganos in undas Geloni These are Tartars inhabiting part of the European Scythia bordering on Borysthenes the River accounted with Moeotae Alani Agathyrsi and Sauromatae which dwell round the Maeotica Palus Mother of the Euxine Black Sea This Fen is calld Mar bianco by the Italians They have great Deserts and may exercise much hunting Graecia He speakes of the glorious Republique of the Athenians in which under select Commanders they did such heroicall acts against the great King of Persia and afterwards overthrew that Monarchy by Alexander the great which atchievements is that renowne of their ancestors registred in Monuments of their owne wit so as it is never to be forgotten and although they knew the Assyrian Monarchy to have sunke under Sardanapalus the opulency and softnesse of the Chaldean and Persian yet they insisted on the same Steps of ruine We know how famous the Corinthians were for Luxury There were Grecians who profess'd precepts of cookery such was Mithaecus a culinary Philosopher who gave formall doctrines of Sauces and Confections which actions argued their low and degenerate spirits Hebrus Marizza A great river of Thrace rising out of the Mountaine Hamus issuing into the Aegeaen sea between the Cities of Maronia Aenos having wash'd the Cities of Filippopoli and Andrinople Trajanopoli Hyrcanus It is of a Country in Asia lying upon the Sea between Media on the West and Margiana on the East Having at the present various names Diargument Strava Casson Hyrach Massandraen Corcan which are not totall names of the Country but partiall names of severall Regions The chife cities heretofore were Hyrcana Amarusa In this land fruitfull of Wine and Corne Panthers are generated and Tygers Italia The Poet may well conclude his Poem in a rapture upon the prayses of Italy not onely because he deferrs Honour to his owne Country but from the just merit of the place for where the land is expos'd to so benigne an influx of the Heavens there the ground must needs be well digested for a most perfect production of all species Their Witts how refin'd and subtile Their arm 's how bold and prosperous here our Authour seemes to commend their breede of Horses Wee much value the Neapolitan Courser which Country is now Italy though I question whether so esteem'd in that age Lechaeum A Towne and Harbour of the Corinthians upon the Saronique Bay opposite to Cenchrea another Towne Harbour upon the Corinthian Bay distant from Corinth twelve furlongs from Cenchâ—ea seventy to the East Lesteriochori is the present name Ligurinae alpes These are also called Maritimae these begin from the shore of the French Sea call'd Le Montagne di Tenda the Cottiae Alpes or Cottianae called Moncenis closing in part of the Dutchy of Monte ferrato Millain and part of the principality of Piemont Alpes Ligusticae are stretched out between Nicaea which is Nizza de Provenza and Taurini which is Piemont Lycaones Vlitius takes these dogs to bee of the Country of Lycaon Arcadians for dogs of that Country are famous and hee does beleeve they may be Heirs of his owne body naturally begotten if it be true that hee was turn'd into a Wolfe Otherwise Licaonia is a part of Cappadocia divided from Cilicia by Taurus whose Metropolis is Iconium from whence they receive their corrupt appellation of Cogni at this day The inhabitants of this Country are called Licaones and the land abounds with wild Asses Lycius This is from Lycia a Country of Asia lying between Caria on the West and Pamphylia on the East call'd at this day Aidinelli and Briqitia Lydia This is a Region of Asia compris'd between Ionia on the West and Phrygia magna on the East which was also nam'd Maeonia It is call'd Lud by the Hebrewes being a Nation deriv'd from that Grandchild of Noah by Shem which was nam'd Lud. hence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 their royall Seat was at Sardis while Croesus was King of it and had severall times rebell'd against the Persians Cyrus overthrew him dissolv'd the government There are diverse proverbs of the villany of this people Diogen Lydi mali improbi post hos Aegyptii ac demum pessimi omnium Cares They were wont to adorn their heads with Hoods Whence the Proverb upon effoeminate people Lydio more They gave their minds wholly to ryot and dainties Carica Lydorum also Lydus cauponator Then for unseasonable amours Lydus in meridie Their Country is now call'd by the Turks to whom they are subject Carafia and Carafieli Maceti The limits of Macedonia at this time were large having been reduc'd into the hands of the Romans when it fell to be their Province out of the power of so potent a Prince as Perseus I shall not consult with any Geographer either antient or modern to circumscribe that Country but excerpt it out of the Annalls of Titus Livius Book 45. as it is reported from the Authentique decree of Paulus the Consul for setling the Macedonian affaires In the first place it was ordain'd that the Macedonians be free having the same Cities and Lands using their own Laws creating yearly magistrates that they should pay the people of Rome half that Tax which they were wont to pay their Kings Then that Macedonia should be divided into four Cantons Whereof one and the first part
the Groom and Ostler or the first breeder up of the horse may be thought to marre him For some such thing may be perceiv'd in our own education Those who never put their hand to any labour or manly exercise but have carefully kept it delicate let them pull at an Oâ—re or draw in a coyle of Cables into a ship and their hands will contractblisters swell and be gal'd which things those are not sensible of who through long use have their palms hardned and fenc'd with a brawny firmnesse Pellaeus Our Poet means the Macedonian horses and at that time Pella was the provinciall Town of the most noble part of Macedonia that extended as far as Peneus and is shut in by the Mountain Bonâ— being as it were within the â—eraunians it is now call'd Jeniza and Zuchria Peneus A River of Thessaly much celebrated by the Poets now call'd Selampria or Pezin or Asababa receiving almost all the Rivers of the Country amongst others Salambria with which it bath now chang'd the name Enipeus and Sperchîus it rises from the Mountain Pindus and through the Tempe flowes into the Pagasique Bay hence Virgil Peneia Tempe Perses Although the bordering Mede and Hyrcanian be onely couragious yet the Persian is sagacious withall At the present the name of Persian relating to their Empire includes Media their Country is now by them call'd Farsistan Pharos The name I should believe to be Coptique It is a Tower built by King Ptolomy at the rate of 800. Talents so magnificent as that it is reputed among the seven miracles of the World it stands upon an Island almost joyn'd to the continent and from the top of it lights were hung out for the direction of Mariners from whence all such promontories have been call'd as we may see frequently in the Map Faro and Fero by Portugal and Spanish Navigatours and that I may not only propose my own fancy Cambden hath allow'd that our Dover Peere is so call'd from being a Pharos or place for Lanternes to direct in steering near that dangerous shore from this place which was antiently the Palace of the Egyptian Kings they are call'd Pharii tyranni and if Pharaoh be in the old Coptique Rex why may not Pharos be Regia Pherae A Town of Thessaly between Demetrias and Pharsalus near the lake of Boebe call'd at present Fere. Pisa A City of Peloponnesus upon the river Alpheus by which the Olympian Games were celebrated Pyrene All that Region which lies upon the Pyrenean hills Los Montes Pireneos where is Guascoigne and Aquitain divided from Navarre These hils separate the two potent Kingdomes of France and Spain being extended from the Cantabrian Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea for the space of 80. Spanish miles Roma This City in the time of our Author being in flore did farre transcend all the pride of other Nations in building it was then the Imperiall Seat and is now the Pontificiall Sea Sabaei A people of Arabia felix Their Country is famous for bearing Frankincense Jeremiah 6. 20. To what purpose cometh there to me incense from Sheba and the sweet cane from a far Country Virgil in his Georgiques Solis est thurea virga Saboeis And India mittit ebur molles sua thura Sabaeâ— Saetabes A people of Hispania Tarraconensis in the Kingdome of Valentia where the City Saetabis stands upon a River of the same name at this day the place is call'd Xativa it was famous amongst the antients for the fine flax which it brought forth Catullus Sudaria Saetaba Pliny linum Saetabum this was commendable to make fine Linnen for Ornament in wearing though our Author do not make choice of it for Nets Ser. This is a Nation of Interiour Ethiopia about the rising of Nilus among the Blemyes and a people of Hither India between Indus and Hydaspes but the famous Seres are a people of Asia the farthest to the East beyond China towards Scythia without Imaus Their Country is Serica now Cathay Sicambri Those of Gelderland and Zutphen A people of Holland The title of which Dukedome Count Egmond does at present bear they dwell between the Maze and the Rhine Siculi In this Island which is the greatest of those in the Mediterranean were antiently horses famous for fleetnesse and from a Country neighbouring to them wee have at this day an eminent race of horses For the Neapolitan Courser is not unlike them Sparta The chief City of Laconia The Fleet-hounds of this Country were famous among the old Poets Virg. Georg. 3. Veloces Spartae catulos Strymonius The reason of this Epithet to Bisalta will plainly appear out of Livy 45. Book Pars prima Bisaltas habet fortissimos viros trans Nessum amnem incolunt circa Sirymonem their Provinciall Town was Amphipolis so call'd because the Strymon was about it Syene Onely in this place I am not hasty to consent to the learned Commentator who attempts to alter Terrena Syene either into Turrita or Extrema By which change he would destroy the Antithesis between Savi equi and Terrena regio The Poet seems to me to say that the heavy bottomes of Syene were not proper for a sternacious horse it is the farthest City of Egypt in the confines of Ethiopia heretofore the bound of the Roman Empire as it is now of the Turkish call'd at the present Asna the whole region derives the name of Syene from it When the Sun is in Cancer they cast no shadow because the Country lies directly under that Tropique It is situate upon the Nile so that probably the foyle is of a slimy substance and proper onely for light horses Taburnus A craggy Mountain in the borders of Samnium upon the tract of the Caudine Rock in Campania Thessalia A Region of Macedonia enclos'd by the Mountains of Olympus Ossa Pelion on the North Othrys and Oeta on the South and Pindus on the West It is now call'd Comâ—nolitarâ— Thâ—umnestia and Lamina anciently divided into four Provinces Thessaliotis Phthiotis Pelasgiotis and Estiaetis The tradition is that horses were first taught to be broke in this Country It is certain that at present they have an excellent race of Horses Some of which come unto us under the notion of Turkish Horses and are deservedly in high esteem as they were with the antient Poets both Greek and Latine Toletum Toledo a City of Hispania Tarraconensis distant from Madrid 12. leagues in the heart of Castile heretofore the most famous seat of the Gothish Kings it is upon the River Tayo which is Tagus famous from Antiquity for good mettle wherewith they temper'd the Blades of swords which at present retaine great praise as may appear by that ingenious Epigramme of Grotius Unda Tagi non est uno celebranda metallo Utilis in cives est ibi lamna suos Trinacria Is a name for Sicily out of their language which was formerly Greek it imports a place of three Promontories from Felorus which points upon Italy Pachynus upon
to be that land which lies between the Rivers Strymon and Nessus taking in whatever Villages Castles Towns were formerly held by Perseus over Nessus to the East-ward except Aenos and Maronea and Abdera as also over Strymon to the Westward all the Bisaltique region with Heraclea which is call'd Sintique The second Canton to be that which the River Strymo embraces from the East excepting Heraclea Sintice and the Bisaltae and which the River Axius bounds on the West adding thereto the Paeonians who dwelt neare the River Axius to the quarter of the East The third Canton that to be made which the river Axius surrounds on the East and the River Peneus on the West the North of which is bounded by the Mountain Bora. Thereunto was added that quarter of Paeonia that runs up along by the River Axius to the West Edessa also and Beraea fell to that part The fourth Canton to be beyond the Mountain Bora bounding upon Illyricum on the one side on the other upon Epirus That the provinciall Towns where their assemblies should meet be for the first Canton Amphipolis for the second Thessalonica for the third Pella for the fourth Pelagonia It was ordain'd that the assemblies of their respective Provinces should be summon'd thither that Assessements should be there impos'd that there the Magistrates should be created Maenalus A famous Mountain of Arcadia by the City Tegea where is a Town of that name and Maenalis ora Mareoticum This is a white Muscatell much affected by the Egyptian Kings thus Horace of Cleopatra Mentemque lymphatam Mareotico It hath its name from Mareotis paliâ—s a great Fen of Egypt by Alexandria containing in circuit 600 miles and in bredth 30. call'd Lago di Buchiara that it is a white Grape appears from Virgil. sunt Mareotides albae some leaning upon the authority of Columella say that this is a Greek Wine receiving its name from a Region of Epirus call'd likewise Mareotica others and those most Greek likewise absolutely expresse it to have been of the growth of Egypt and call'd Alexandrian Ulitius contends for this nor without good ground Massicum This wine is from Mons Massicus Monte Masso a Mountain of Campania celebrated for excellent Wine it is joyn'd upon the Mountaines Falernus and Gaurus between Suessa Calenum and Sinuessa Hence Martial lib. 13. Ep. 108. De Sinuessanis venerunt Massica praelis where the title is Falernum Medus Media is a Region of Asia between Armenia major on the West Parthia and Hyrcania on the East touching upon the Caspian Sea at the North and Assyria and Shushan at the South call'd vulgarly Madai Their Dog is fierce not unlike their neighbour the Hyrcanian Melitesius It is the judgement of Ulitius that this Corall is from Melita by Pachynus forhe finds in Pliny a commendation of Corall that grows in the Sicilian Sea and indeed it is a production found in many places even in our Seas there is a sort of Corallines There are two Melita's the one an Island of the Adriatique near Dalmatia from whence are called Canes Melitaei Vulgarly Melida The other an Island of the African Sea betweene Sicily and Afrique lying off from the Promontory of Paehynus 70. miles from Camarina 84. we call it Malta this seems to be the Island meant by the Author Molossus From a Country of Epirus call'd antiently Molossia at the present Pandosia of their City Pandosia comes a noble race of Dogs celebrated by all antiquity and preferr'd before those of any other Nation whatsoever for matchlesse stoutnesse untill Britain being discover'd and our Dogs brought to tryal the Molossians were found to be surpass'd in courage by the Brittish Mastiffes and here it is acutely observ'd by Ulitius that the Molossian is not that deep-mouth'd hound as Lucan denotes him to be but so stanch and silent besides his courage that his mixture with the bawling Etolian Bitch will rectifie that ill quality For more is to be presum'd upon the Testimony of Gratius an approv'd Huntsman than either Lucan or Martiall do appear to deserve Murcibii Ulitius reads in this place Murcinii and understands Thracian horses those may well be denoted for that quality Sophocles in his Electra makes the Aenian to be carried away with his hard-mouth'd Steeds and Aenos is a City of Thracia upon the border of the Aegean Sea by the mouth of Hebrus Morini A people of Belgium lying in Picardy and Artois they were esteem'd the extremity of the world Freta Morinu dubâ—o refluentia ponto by that infallibly is design'd the narrow Sea between Callis and Dover which our Mariners can tide through being some 20. miles in breadth call'd by the antients Fretum Gallicum Britannicum Occani Mycenae A Town of Peloponnesus in the Country of Argos between Corinth as distant 15. miles and Argos as ten now call'd Agios Adrianos Nasamonia This is a name common to severall regions of Africa Some dwell about the Atlantique Ocean Others upon the great Syrtis Others in Libya Marmarica and are all call'd Nasamones Nebrodes A very high mountain of Sicily in the midwa between Enna towards the East and Thermae Himerae to the West now call'd Madonia out of this Gelas the River flows to the South It is higher then any other Mountain in Sicily except Aetna spreading farre and abounding with springs of water so call'd from the multitude of Dear 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Numidae Are a great part of Africa the one countrey which they denominate is now called Billedulgerid and this is inland Another is Maritime upon the Numidian Bay Numidia nova or Regno di Constantino and corrupted by the Arabian inhabitants into Cuzuntina or Guzuntina they spread over no small tract their horse is famous for very good temper and trained up to an excellent management so as they can turn and winde check or put him on by their switch alone they are called in Virgil Numidae Infâ—aeni Parthus A known people of Asia lying between Media Aria Persia and Hyrcania their countrey is of a soft mould and the Horse which is bred upon it hath a tender hoof Where it is worth the observing that according to our institution of horses we shall find even their nature to answer Those horses which have trod delicatly from their first running ever since they were foal'd become to have a soft hoof nor can afterwards be brought to travell upon ragged and stony wales but the hardy Genoway that was brought forth and bred up amidst the Ligurian Alpes through continuall beating upon cragged rocks in the issue hardens and if I may be permitted to use the expression even pave her hoof insomuch that she will break in pieces any other that shall contend with her upon that native ground So that it is not all to be attributed to nature however our Author would here intimate the contrary saying Sed juxta vitium posuit Deus no more commonly I believe sed juxta vitium posuit male cautus agaso Either
Grece Lilyboeum upon Africa it is in Latine called Triquetra Tusci This is written also Thusci they are likewise named Hetrusci a most antient people of Italy the Toscani but not only that part of Florence Pisa and Arezzo which is under the great Duke of Tuscany but was in old time more large and comprised a great part of that which is now called Peters Patrimony being in subjection to the Pope Veneris litora The shores of Cyprus where was antiently Paphos but now destroyed both the old and new Neapaphos and Palaepaphos called now Baffo Umbrosae Veneris pâ—r litora myrtus is the same which was named by Virgil Paphiae myrtus Umber From a province of Italy even at the present called l'Ombria as it was antiently Ombria it is divided by the Apennine containing some Cisapennine other Transapennine Cities Here Umber is the Bracco of Italy and as their Dog is timorous so their Bore is not very couragious Whence the Poet Thuscus aper generosior Umbro Hitherto I have been emploi'd in defining the places mentioned by this Poet and in affixing the modern names by which they are at present known It will be necessary to subjoyne an advice concerning this matter I would desire that no Reader should require an exactnesse in Topographicall knowledge for it is not any way possible nor necessary Of many countreys whose names we have there were never any Terriers delineated the butts and boundarys were never particulariz'd in many others the evidences are lost and consumed by time but in all the marks have been removed through daily revolutions so that this tradition is altogether confus'd Empires are continually in progresse or declyning and France signifies one thing this week and another the following nor can we have any certainty how farre the signification of that name doth extend any week till the Gaziette for that week be come forth The Earth indeed is stable and abides generation after generations the figures which adorn the heavens have not been observ'd to be much obnoxious to great changes and the individualls of those species which are upon the earth after their appointed season and age are renewed into the same figure with those former individualls which have past away and resemble their kind from whose seed they sprung so that where the conception is permanent simple individuall the passage is easie from one language into any other nor does it perplex the understanding but may be rendred per 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or one word by another for in saying Equus or a Horse we have alwaies in all ages meant a body consisting of the same integrate parts which is readily understood because it is so ordinarily seen But it is farre otherwise in human and politique institutions Cities and Empires passe away not only the name alters but the notion ceaseth and is removed out of our sight Clara fuit Sparte magnae viguêre Mycenae Necnon Cecropis necnon Amphionis arces Vile solum Sparte est altae cecidére Mycenae Oedipodioniae quid sunt nisi nomina Thebae Quid Pardioniae restant nisi nomen Athenae Who can precisely determine what these cities were or how far those regions extended By daily experience we perceive how difficult it is to preserve the bounds of parishes and Lordships where there is nearer concernment of interest to watch over them that they do not passe into oblivion But for these uncertainties of the Mapp we may content our selves with a generall satisfaction there being no absolute necessity of more precise knowledg for Horace could content himselfe without any expresse decision even of his owne countrey Lucanus an Appulus anceps Nam Venusinus arat finem sub utrumque colonus And although the modern names of places do no where exactly answer the antient as to the bounds yet if they do rudely as to the situation they are to be esteemed to have given a sufficient knowledg and to have performed what in reason may be required of them CHAP. VI. Of the Styles of Hunting different from the English both Antique and Forreigne THe Hunting us'd by the Ancients in the time of our Author as appeares by this Poem was much like that way which is at present taken with the Raindeare which is seldome hunted at force or with hounds but onely drawne after with a blood-hound and forestall'd with Netts and Engines So did they with all beasts and therefore a Dog is never commended by them for opening before hee hath by signes discover'd where the beast lyeth in his layre as by their drawing stiffe our Harbourers are brought to give right judgement Therefore I doe not finde that they were curious in the Musiquc of their Hounds or in a composition of their Kennell pack either for deepenesse or lowdnesse or sweetnesse of cry like to us Their huntsmen were instructed to shout Virgil 3. Georgiques Ingentem clamore premes ad retia cervum So that it was onely with that confusion to bring the Deere to the Netts laid for him But we comfort our Hounds with loud and couragious cryes and noyses both of Voyce and Horne that they may follow over the same way that they saw the Hart passe without crossing or coasting We have no wild-boares in England yet it may be thought that heretofore wee had and did not thinke it convenient to preserve that Game For our old Anthours of Hunting reckon it among the Beasts of Venery and we have the proper termes belonging to it Somewhat will not be unworthy the reciting In an old Poem printed by Wynkyn de Worde whom I have heard to have been the second that printed in England in the yeare of the Incarnation of our Lord 1496. in the reigne of Henry the seventh and all the instructions of termes for hunting Amongst them are sett downe these Verses Now to speke of the Boore the fyrst yere he is A pygge of the sounder callyd as have I blys The second yeer an hogge and soo shall he be And an hoggestere whan he is of yeres thre And whan he is of foure yere a boore shal he be From the sounder of the Swyne thenne departyth he A synguler is he soo for alone he woll goo This authority will not be unproper to give a right understanding of the appellation which is given to this Beast Psalm 80. Sec. Hebr. V. 14. Exterminavit eam aper de sylva et singularis ferus depastus est eam And therefore called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 It is a game usuall in France they call it Sanglier which is the same In this sort of Hunting the way is to use furious terrible sounds and noyses aswell of voice as of horne to make the chase turne and flee because they are slow and trust in their tusks and defence which is agere aprum to bayt the Boore as in the halieuticon Actus aper setis iram denunciat hirtis Therefore Virgil Saepe volutabris pulsos Sylvestribus apros Latratu