gules_a palatinate_n the_o second_o palatinate_n of_o great_a poland_n be_v that_o of_o kalisch_n in_o which_o be_v these_o city_n and_o town_n kalisch_n metropolis_n and_o castellany_n kolo_n land_n naklo_n odolanovia_n chocia_n stave_n cosmin_n dohra_n grabow_n opatovec_fw-fr and_o plesovia_n kalisch_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o which_o be_v kalisch_n build_v among_o marsh_n upon_o the_o river_n prosna_n and_o fortify_v only_o with_o a_o brickwall_n and_o some_o low_a tower_n it_o have_v in_o it_o some_o religious_a house_n and_o a_o very_a magnificent_a college_n for_o jesuit_n found_v by_o stanislaw_n karncovius_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n here_o be_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o strong_a castle_n remain_v which_o have_v former_o be_v destroy_v by_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n kolo_n kolo_n a_o timber-built_a town_n wall_v with_o mud_n and_o dirt_n at_o certain_a time_n it_o be_v encompass_v and_o wash_v by_o the_o river_n wart_n near_o which_o it_o be_v build_v it_o be_v about_o eight_o mile_n from_o kalisch_n land_n land_n a_o town_n upon_o the_o wart_n about_o four_o mile_n from_o gnesna_n naklo_n naklo_n a_o timber_a town_n near_o the_o lake_n goplo_n with_o a_o wall_a castle_n situate_a among_o the_o marsh_n odolanovia_n odolanovia_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n build_v likewise_o among_o the_o marsh_n chocia_n chocia_n in_o which_o andrew_n lipski_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n found_v a_o collegiate_n church_n with_o vast_a expense_n the_o other_o town_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v not_o very_o considerable_a and_o therefore_o be_v omit_v kalisch_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o kalisch_n the_o castellan_n of_o land_n naklo_n and_o kamin_n the_o standard_n and_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n it_o be_v arms._n be_v a_o buffaloes_n head_n erase_v sables_n with_o a_o crown_n between_o his_o horn_n all_o in_o a_o checkey_z field_n argent_fw-fr and_o gules_a palatinate_n the_o three_o palatinate_n of_o great_a poland_n be_v that_o of_o siradia_n situate_v along_o the_o river_n varta_fw-la or_o wart_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o siradia_n schadkow_n radomsko_n and_o petricovia_n in_o all_o which_o be_v the_o several_a city_n and_o town_n of_o siradia_n cap._n rosprza_n spicemir_n petricovia_n konarzew_n wart_n lask_n vidavia_n and_o pabianice_n siradia_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o which_o be_v siradia_n situate_v in_o a_o plain_a and_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n with_o a_o castle_n build_v on_o the_o wart_n subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o this_o city_n be_v the_o follow_a city_n and_o to_n rosprza_n rosprza_n a_o timber_a town_n seat_v among_o the_o marsh_n spicimir_n spicimir_n a_o town_n build_v likewise_o with_o wood._n petricovia_n petricovia_n a_o wall_v city_n by_o no_o mean_n inconsiderable_a situate_a among_o rivulet_n and_o bog_n once_o a_o year_n one_o of_o the_o great_a tribunal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o suburb_n of_o this_o city_n in_o one_o of_o the_o king_n palace_n not_o far_o off_o there_o be_v another_o palace_n of_o the_o king_n be_v call_v byki_n of_o a_o regular_a structure_n whither_o his_o majesty_n with_o his_o court_n sometime_o retire_v for_o his_o pleasure_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o tribuaal_n there_o be_v several_a other_o eminent_a edifice_n build_v about_o this_o city_n belong_v to_o bishop_n and_o other_o great_a man_n among_o which_o the_o most_o famous_a be_v the_o abbey_n of_o vitrovia_n and_o the_o palace_n of_o crusman_n after_o the_o italian_a manner_n konarzew_n konarzew_o a_o town_n of_o no_o great_a importance_n wart_n wart_z a_o large_a city_n build_v upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n lask_n lask_n where_o former_o johannes_n lascus_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n found_v a_o collegiate_n church_n and_o rich_o endow_v it_o at_o his_o own_o cost_v to_o this_o palatinate_n also_o belong_v the_o territory_n of_o vielunia_n vielunia_n which_o have_v a_o castellan_n and_o other_o magistrate_n of_o its_o own_o and_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n viz._n vielunia_n and_o ostresow_n both_o which_o contain_v some_o town_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o village_n vielunia_n the_o principal_a of_o the_o town_n be_v boleslaw_n which_o be_v defend_v with_o a_o very_a strong_a castle_n vielun_n environ_v with_o a_o high_a wall_n and_o a_o very_a deep_a ditch_n have_v likewise_o a_o castle_n on_o the_o river_n prosna_n its_o building_n be_v general_o of_o brick_n whereof_o there_o be_v several_a very_o stately_a ostresow_n a_o timber-built_a city_n on_o the_o border_n of_o silesia_n situate_v in_o a_o very_a large_a plain_n and_o encompass_v almost_o every_o way_n with_o wood_n in_o this_o palatinate_n the_o gentry_n former_o have_v a_o privilege_n of_o seal_v their_o letter_n with_o red_a wax_n which_o be_v only_o allow_v to_o the_o senator_n in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o which_o they_o obtain_v by_o recover_v the_o standard_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi after_o it_o have_v be_v lose_v to_o the_o prussian_n and_o teutonick_n knight_n siradia_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o siradia_n the_o castellan_n of_o rosprza_n spicimir_n and_o konarzew_a arms._n the_o standard_n and_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v in_o a_o field_n vert_fw-fr a_o lion_n gules_a and_o eagle_n sables_n both_o counter-couped_a in_o the_o middle_n vielunia_n the_o territory_n of_o vielunia_n have_v its_o own_o ensign_n which_o be_v a_o agnus_n dei_fw-la with_o a_o cross_n argent_fw-fr in_o a_o field_n guile_n palatinate_n the_o four_o palatinate_n of_o great_a poland_n be_v that_o of_o rava_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o rava_n sochaczow_n and_o gostinin_n in_o all_o which_o be_v the_o several_a city_n and_o town_n of_o rava_n cap._n lowitz_n volboria_n gombin_n sochaczow_n gostinin_n viasdum_fw-la and_o biala_n rava_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v rava_n situate_v in_o a_o plain_a build_v for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o wood_n and_o tolerable_o populous_a it_o have_v a_o castle_n on_o a_o small_a river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n in_o which_o prisoner_n of_o the_o best_a rank_n be_v keep_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o this_o castle_n go_v towards_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o soldier_n the_o same_o constitution_n be_v in_o podolia_n where_o former_a king_n think_v fit_a to_o establish_v the_o best_a guard_n they_o can_v against_o the_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n in_o this_o city_n be_v a_o very_a considerable_a college_n of_o jesuit_n much_o visit_v by_o learned_a men._n lowitz_n lowitz_n a_o city_n much_o more_o populous_a than_o the_o former_a and_o about_o five_o mile_n distant_a from_o it_o it_o be_v famous_a for_o be_v sometime_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n or_o primate_n of_o poland_n his_o palace_n there_o be_v build_v among_o the_o marsh_n yet_o nevertheless_o consist_v of_o several_a fair_a pile_n of_o building_n the_o church_n also_o be_v a_o beautiful_a structure_n and_o enrich_v with_o several_a noble_a gift_n it_o have_v likewise_o a_o great_a many_o considerable_a monastery_n abbey_n etc._n etc._n in_o this_o city_n be_v divers_a famous_a fair_n keep_v which_o the_o gentry_n very_o much_o frequent_v from_o all_o part_n volboria_n volboria_n a_o town_n wherein_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n common_o reside_v and_o where_o he_o have_v a_o noble_a palace_n this_o place_n be_v also_o very_o populous_a gombin_n gombin_n a_o large_a timber-built_a town_n situate_v in_o a_o plain_n sochaczow_n sochaczow_n a_o place_n defend_v with_o palisades_n and_o a_o castle_n build_v on_o a_o rock_n which_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o river_n bsura_n gostinin_n gostinin_n a_o wooden_a city_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a among_o marsh_n this_o place_n be_v famous_a for_o have_v in_o it_o the_o prison_n where_o demetrius_n suski_n the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n be_v keep_v for_o a_o long_a time_n and_o where_o he_o at_o length_n die_v viasdum_fw-la viasdum_fw-la remarkable_a for_o its_o strength_n and_o beauty_n of_o its_o castle_n and_o situate_v not_o far_o from_o rava_n on_o the_o lefthand_n biala_n biala_n a_o town_n belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o chelm_fw-ge this_o palatinate_n contain_v likewise_o a_o noble_a palace_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n call_v squernevicid_n rava_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o rava_n the_o castellan_n of_o sochaczow_n and_o gostinin_n arms._n the_o standard_n and_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o eagle_n sables_n with_o the_o letter_n r_o on_o his_o breast_n in_o a_o field_n gules_a palatinate_n the_o five_o palatinate_n of_o great_a poland_n be_v that_o of_o lanschet_fw-mi divide_v likewise_o into_o three_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o lanschet_fw-mi brezini_fw-la and_o orlow_n in_o all_o which_o the_o most_o considerable_a
city_n and_o town_n be_v lanschet_fw-mi cap._n orlow_n bresina_n piontkum_n and_o vniejovia_n lanschet_fw-mi the_o capital_a place_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v lanschet_fw-mi a_o wall_a city_n build_v among_o the_o marsh_n in_o a_o plain_a and_o surround_v with_o a_o very_a broad_a and_o deep_a ditch_n it_o have_v a_o castle_n well_o fortify_v on_o a_o rock_n and_o which_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o river_n bsura_n not_o far_o off_o in_o a_o village_n call_v kosciol_n there_o be_v a_o very_a neat_a church_n build_v with_o freestone_n there_o be_v several_a famous_a fair_n keep_v in_o this_o city_n where_o one_o of_o the_o little_a diet_n be_v also_o convened_a pursuant_n to_o the_o king_n command_n orlow_n orlow_n a_o timber-built_a town_n seat_v between_o several_a small_a lake_n and_o a_o large_a muddy_a river_n it_o be_v four_o mile_n from_o lanschet_fw-mi bresina_n bresina_n a_o wooden-built_a town_n indifferent_o large_a situate_a among_o bog_n and_o about_o seven_o mile_n from_o lanschet_fw-mi piatek_n piontkum_o or_o piatek_n build_v among_o the_o marsh_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n bsura_n this_o place_n be_v famous_a for_o well-tasted_n beer_n which_o be_v transport_v from_o hence_o all_o the_o kingdom_n over_o here_o be_v a_o monastery_n erect_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o st._n paul_n uniejovia_n vniejovia_n a_o town_n where_o there_o be_v a_o very_a famous_a castle_n found_v on_o the_o wart_n both_o these_o place_n belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n lanschet_fw-mi the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi the_o castellan_n of_o bresina_n brezina_n and_o biechovia_n arms._n the_o standard_n and_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o eagle_n argent_fw-fr and_o lion_n sables_n both_o counter-couped_a in_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o latter_a crown_v or_o all_o in_o a_o field_n gules_a the_o six_o and_o seven_o palatinate_n be_v comprehend_v cujavia_n in_o cujavia_n whereof_o the_o former_a be_v cujavia_n the_o palatinate_n of_o bresty_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o bresty_n cruswick_n coval_n and_o predek_n in_o all_o which_o be_v the_o several_a city_n and_o town_n of_o vladislaw_n cap._n bresty_n nisavia_n radzieow_fw-mi voisinow_n kowalow_v and_o sluzevia_n uladislaw_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v vladislaw_n build_v among_o the_o marsh_n near_o the_o vistula_n this_o city_n be_v famous_a for_o be_v the_o episcopal_n see_v of_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n who_o always_o crown_v the_o king_n in_o case_n either_o of_o the_o death_n indisposition_n or_o obstinacy_n of_o the_o primate_n it_o have_v a_o neat_a cathedral_n build_v after_o the_o gothick_n manner_n and_o about_o it_o stand_v the_o prebend_n and_o canon_n house_n with_o a_o large_a free-school_n the_o building_n of_o this_o city_n be_v general_o of_o brick_n with_o which_o the_o castle_n be_v also_o build_v on_o the_o river_n vistula_n the_o country_n hereabout_o be_v all_o boggy_a and_o there_o be_v so_o great_a scarcity_n of_o wood_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n suffer_v very_o much_o for_o want_v of_o it_o bresty_n bresty_n a_o city_n seat_v in_o a_o plain_a among_o marsh_n and_o defend_v with_o a_o very_a strong_a wall_n and_o deep_a ditch_n the_o house_n here_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o brick_n upon_o the_o same_o shore_n with_o vladislaw_n lie_v nisavia_n nisavia_n be_v not_o far_o off_o from_o it_o it_o be_v a_o wall_a town_n radzieow_fw-mi radzieow_fw-mi a_o timber-built_a town_n situate_v in_o a_o open_a country_n near_o a_o very_a large_a lake_n koisinow_n koisinow_n a_o town_n defend_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n kowalow_v kowalow_v a_o timber-built_a town_n seat_v among_o the_o marsh_n this_o palatinate_n be_v very_o fertile_a and_o abound_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o corn_n which_o not_o only_o suffice_v the_o inhabitant_n but_o be_v also_o transport_v in_o vast_a quantity_n to_o dantzic_n by_o several_a navigable_a river_n whence_o it_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n palatinate_n the_o latter_a and_o seven_o palatinate_n of_o the_o province_n of_o great_a poland_n be_v that_o of_o inowlocz_n which_o be_v divide_v likewise_o into_o three_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o bydgosty_a bobrounitz_n and_o inowlocz_n this_o palatinate_n extend_v itself_o from_o the_o lake_n of_o goplo_n and_o the_o city_n of_o cruswick_n to_o the_o vistula_n and_o confine_n of_o pomerania_n and_o have_v several_a city_n and_o town_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v cruswick_n bydgosty_a gnieukow_n vratislaw_n solec_n dibow_n and_o strelce_o cruswick_n cruswick_n a_o ancient_a city_n next_o to_o gnesna_n for_o antiquity_n build_v upon_o the_o border_n of_o bresty_n with_o a_o strong_a wall_a castle_n near_o the_o lake_n goplo_n out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v say_v the_o rat_n come_v that_o devour_v king_n popiel_n ii_o his_o wife_n and_o family_n by_o a_o divine_a judgement_n in_o the_o suburb_n of_o this_o city_n be_v the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n build_v with_o freestone_n together_o with_o a_o college_n of_o twenty_o four_o canon_n here_o former_o the_o court_n reside_v but_o be_v afterward_o remove_v to_o cracow_n bydgosty_a bydgosty_o a_o wall_a town_n in_o a_o plain_a wash_v by_o the_o river_n barda_n by_o which_o several_a thing_n be_v transport_v to_o vladislaw_n be_v only_o six_o mile_n distant_a the_o other_o town_n be_v not_o to_o be_v despise_v be_v general_o very_o populous_a cujavia_n the_o senator_n of_o cujavia_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o bresty_n the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o inowlocz_n the_o castellan_n of_o kowalow_v cruswic_n and_o bydgosty_a arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o cujavia_n be_v in_o a_o field_n or_o a_o eagle_n gules_a and_o lion_n sables_n counter-couped_a in_o the_o middle_n bound_n the_o second_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v upper_a or_o lesser_a poland_n which_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n by_o masovia_n and_o podlachia_n on_o the_o west_n by_o lower_n poland_n on_o the_o south_n by_o hungary_n and_o on_o the_o east_n by_o russia_n and_o be_v about_o fifty_o german_a mile_n as_o well_o in_o length_n as_o breadth_n it_o be_v general_o divide_v into_o three_o palatinate_n viz._n the_o palatinate_v of_o cracovia_n sendomir_n and_o lublin_n 〈◊〉_d the_o first_o palatinate_n of_o lesser_n poland_n be_v that_o of_o cracovia_n which_o beside_o four_o district_n contain_v also_o three_o dutchy_n and_o one_o county_n the_o four_o district_n be_v cracovia_n wherein_o be_v two_o subdivision_n viz._n the_o subdivision_n of_o xianzen_n and_o prossovia_n lelovia_n briecz_n and_o sandecz_n the_o three_o dutchy_n be_v oswieczin_n zator_n and_o severia_n which_o be_v part_n of_o silesia_n and_o the_o county_n be_v that_o of_o scepuz_o which_o belong_v to_o hungary_n and_o contain_v thirteen_o town_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v luboul_n have_v a_o well-fortifyed_a castle_n wherein_o constant_a guard_n be_v keep_v the_o chief_a city_n and_o town_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v cracow_n bishopric_n and_o metropolis_n biecz_n wounitz_n sandecz_n lelow_n kyaz_n oswieczin_n zator_fw-la severia_n proszovice_n czenstochova_n slaucovia_n ilcussia_n wicliczka_n bocknia_n and_o dobcitia_n cracow_n of_o all_o which_o the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n and_o metropolis_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v cracow_n a_o famous_a city_n seat_v in_o a_o spacious_a plain_n near_o the_o weissel_n by_o which_o merchandize_n be_v transport_v to_o dantzic_n it_o lie_v nine_o polish_v miles_n east_n of_o the_o frontier_n of_o silesia_n eleven_o from_o those_o of_o upper_a hungary_n twenty_o three_o from_o sendomir_n thirty_o from_o olmitz_n thirty_o five_o southeast_n of_o vratislaw_n forty_o from_o sienna_n and_o about_o fifty_o from_o buda_n and_o be_v place_v in_o the_o 42_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o 50_o of_o latitude_n call_v it_o take_v its_o name_n from_o cracus_n gracus_fw-la or_o gracchus_n one_o of_o the_o first_o duke_n of_o poland_n though_o some_o other_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v the_o cawdanum_n of_o ptolemy_n corrupt_v into_o cracow_n but_o let_v its_o name_n come_v from_o whence_o it_o will_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o now_o consider_v the_o stateliness_n both_o of_o its_o public_a and_o private_a edifice_n and_o the_o great_a plenty_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n it_o be_v equal_a to_o most_o town_n of_o either_o germany_n or_o italy_n if_o this_o character_n give_v to_o it_o by_o starovolscius_fw-la be_v dispute_v no_o body_n can_v deny_v but_o that_o it_o be_v the_o large_a and_o best_a build_v town_n in_o all_o poland_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o quarter_n viz._n cracow_n proper_o so_o call_v casimir_n stradomia_fw-la and_o cleparia_n the_o first_o cracow_n be_v encompass_v with_o a_o very_a high_a wall_n and_o flank_v with_o round_a brick_n tower_n with_o a_o broad_a deep_a ditch_n wall_v likewise_o castle_n and_o a_o stately_a castle_n about_o a_o mile_n in_o compass_n sound_v on_o a_o rock_n call_v
they_o to_o flight_n this_o victory_n be_v thus_o lucky_o obtain_v gedeminus_n prosecute_v it_o into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o prussia_n where_o he_o find_v nothing_o able_a to_o withstand_v he_o except_o only_o the_o two_o castle_n of_o ragneta_n and_o cilza_n but_o which_o nevertheless_o he_o take_v in_o a_o short_a time_n afterward_o have_v make_v a_o miserable_a havoc_n in_o that_o country_n as_o also_o total_o regain_v his_o duchy_n of_o samogitia_n he_o return_v peaceable_o home_o 1304._o in_o the_o year_n 1304_o this_o great_a duke_n have_v a_o quarrel_n with_o some_o of_o the_o russian_a prince_n make_v great_a preparation_n against_o they_o when_o march_v forthwith_o into_o russia_n he_o first_o meet_v and_o fight_v vlodomirus_fw-la duke_n of_o volhynia_n who_o he_o slay_v and_o rout_v his_o whole_a army_n then_o he_o bend_v his_o force_n against_o leo_n duke_n of_o luceoria_n who_o he_o also_o vanquish_v and_o take_v his_o chief_a city_n lutzko_n both_o which_o prince_n be_v thus_o defeat_v make_v he_o absolute_a master_n of_o all_o volhynia_n next_o spring_n be_v tire_v out_o with_o idleness_n he_o carry_v his_o arm_n against_o stanislaus_n duke_n of_o kiovia_n who_o he_o overthrow_v together_o with_o several_a prince_n his_o neighbour_n that_o come_v to_o assist_v he_o with_o this_o victory_n gedeminus_n be_v not_o a_o little_a encourage_v proceed_v and_o take_v most_o of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o russia_n when_o after_o have_v complete_v a_o glorious_a conquest_n he_o return_v triumphant_o into_o his_o own_o country_n afterward_o gedeminus_n go_v to_o hunt_v about_o five_o mile_n beyond_o the_o river_n wilia_n occasional_o build_v a_o castle_n there_o near_o a_o lake_n and_o a_o city_n name_v it_o troki_n whither_o he_o then_o translate_v build_v his_o court_n from_o kicrnow_n after_o this_o in_o the_o year_n 1305_o gedeminus_n go_v a_o hunt_v again_o towards_o the_o east_n after_o various_a fortune_n become_v great_o fatigue_v with_o that_o sport_n whereupon_o night_n draw_v on_o he_o be_v force_v to_o take_v up_o a_o lodging_n upon_o a_o mountain_n then_o call_v krzyunagora_n now_o turzagoria_n or_o lissa_n where_o soon_o fall_v asleep_a he_o dream_v that_o he_o see_v and_o hear_v roar_v a_o huge_a iron_n wolf_n which_o have_v above_o a_o hundred_o wolf_n of_o the_o same_o mettle_n in_o his_o belly_n which_o roar_v likewise_o after_o a_o amaze_a manner_n whereat_o be_v extreme_o fright_v he_o wake_v and_o next_o morning_n put_v this_o dream_n to_o his_o courtier_n to_o expound_v when_o every_o one_o have_v deliver_v his_o opinion_n a_o different_a way_n at_o last_o a_o pagan_a priest_n name_v ledzieiko_n say_v to_o have_v be_v find_v in_o a_o eagles_n nest_n who_o practice_n be_v to_o foretell_v futurity_n expound_v it_o thus_o the_o iron_n wolf_n quoth_v he_o denote_v a_o strong_a city_n and_o the_o other_o wolf_n in_o his_o belly_n a_o formidable_a multitude_n of_o inhabitant_n hereupon_o he_o immediate_o advise_v gedeminus_n to_o build_v a_o fortify_v city_n and_o castle_n there_o whence_o this_o priest_n come_v to_o have_v the_o name_n of_o radzivil_n that_o be_v a_o counsellor_n to_o build_v vilna_n from_o this_o person_n be_v family_n have_v descend_v a_o great_a many_o famous_a hero_n who_o have_v all_o sufficient_o distinguish_v themselves_o both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war._n gedeminus_n be_v easy_o move_v by_o these_o persuasion_n forthwith_o erect_v two_o castle_n near_o that_o place_n one_o on_o a_o high_a hill_n and_o the_o other_o in_o build_v a_o plain_a add_v moreover_o a_o city_n call_v vilna_n from_o the_o river_n wilia_n run_v by_o it_o which_o be_v now_o very_o populous_a and_o capital_a of_o that_o great_a duchy_n to_o which_o city_n he_o not_o long_o after_o transfer_v his_o residence_n from_o troki_n 1306._o in_o 1306_o the_o lithuanian_n have_v have_v intelligence_n that_o the_o pole_n be_v lull_v in_o sloth_n and_o security_n march_v through_o wood_n and_o by-road_n into_o low_a poland_n where_o they_o burn_v and_o plunder_v kalisch_n with_o several_a other_o city_n and_o town_n kill_v the_o old_a people_n and_o child_n and_o carry_v the_o other_o away_o captive_a the_o same_o year_n henry_n de_fw-fr pleczko_n a_o saxon_a great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n in_o prussia_n surprise_v and_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o gartin_n in_o samogitia_n and_o put_v all_o the_o lithuanian_n find_v therein_o to_o the_o sword_n they_o likewise_o proceed_v in_o this_o war_n by_o help_n of_o the_o german_n and_o after_o have_v total_o destroy_v the_o district_n of_o karsovin_n return_v with_o great_a number_n of_o spoil_n and_o captive_n into_o prussia_n 1307._o in_o 1307_o the_o lithuanian_n make_v a_o irruption_n into_o siradia_n and_o kalisch_n where_o do_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o mischief_n they_o sudden_o return_v into_o their_o own_o country_n 1308._o in_o 1308_o olgerdus_n son_n of_o gedeminus_n march_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o prussia_n where_o he_o make_v havoc_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n wherever_o he_o come_v carrying_z off_z likewise_o great_a booty_n these_o favour_n the_o lithuanian_n and_o prussian_n do_v frequent_o and_o alternative_o for_o one_o another_o within_o the_o space_n of_o few_o year_n in_o 1315_o the_o lithuanian_n surprise_v the_o territory_n 1315._o of_o dobrina_n where_o they_o make_v great_a devastation_n and_o likewise_o take_v the_o city_n of_o that_o name_n and_o burn_v and_o plunder_v it_o in_o 1322_o 1322._o they_o likewise_o enter_v livonia_n lay_v all_o waist_n for_o many_o mile_n together_o in_o the_o same_o year_n in_o wintertime_n david_n starosta_n of_o gartin_n not_o be_v discourage_v by_o cold_a destroy_v that_o country_n up_o as_o far_o as_o raval_n carry_v away_o great_a spoil_n and_o many_o prisoner_n afterward_o in_o the_o same_o winter_n they_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o memel_fw-la and_o also_o enter_v prussia_n and_o kill_v the_o comendador_n of_o capion_n in_o a_o set_a battle_n david_n of_o gartin_n likewise_o invade_v masovia_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o entire_o ruin_v a_o great_a many_o town_n and_o village_n 1323._o in_o 1323_o the_o lithuanian_n come_v clandestine_o upon_o dobrina_n again_o and_o do_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o damage_n there_o in_o the_o follow_a year_n the_o starosta_n of_o gartin_n enter_v masovia_n again_o near_o ploczko_n wherein_o he_o destroy_v and_o burn_v above_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o village_n thirty_o town_n and_o carry_v away_o about_o four_o thousand_o captive_n whilst_o another_o army_n make_v a_o descent_n upon_o livonia_n and_o serve_v that_o country_n after_o the_o like_a manner_n 1325._o in_o 1325_o ann_n daughter_n to_o gedeminus_n marry_v casimir_n son_n to_o vladislaus_n king_n of_o poland_n by_o which_o all_o that_o have_v be_v former_o take_v from_o the_o polander_n be_v restore_v and_o a_o peace_n conclude_v between_o those_o two_o nation_n afterward_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o fribourg_n belong_v to_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n in_o samogitia_n this_o great_a duke_n gedeminus_n receive_v a_o wound_n with_o a_o arrow_n which_o cost_v death_n he_o his_o life_n this_o prince_n have_v seven_o son_n viz._n montividus_fw-la narimundus_n olgerdus_n keijstutus_n koriatus_n jawnutus_n and_o lubartus_fw-la with_o some_o daughter_n one_o of_o which_o be_v marry_v as_o before_o among_o these_o son_n he_o divide_v his_o dominion_n while_o he_o live_v give_v to_o montividus_fw-la montividus_n his_o elder_a kyernow_n and_o slonim_n with_o the_o territory_n thereunto_o belong_v to_o narimundus_n narimundus_n his_o conquest_n and_o other_o acquisition_n in_o russia_n on_o olgerdus_fw-fr olgerdus_n he_o bestow_v krewo_n and_o all_o from_o thence_o to_o beresina_n to_o keijstutus_n keijstutus_n he_o give_v samogitia_n troki_n witebsko_n etc._n etc._n to_o koriatus_n koriatus_n the_o city_n of_o novogrodec_n with_o its_o territory_n but_o on_o his_o belove_a jawnutus_n jawnutus_n he_o confer_v the_o metropolis_n of_o lithuania_n vilna_n as_o also_o osmian_n and_o braslaw_n together_o with_o the_o supreme_a command_n over_o all_o his_o brother_n dominion_n lubartus_fw-la the_o young_a son_n lubartus_fw-la have_v no_o share_v with_o his_o brother_n because_o by_o his_o marriage_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o russia_n daughter_n in_o his_o father_n life-time_n he_o have_v obtain_v the_o succession_n to_o that_o duchy_n among_o these_o brother_n olgerdus_n and_o keijstutus_n being_n most_o vex_v to_o see_v their_o young_a brother_n jawnutus_n so_o high_o promote_v conspire_v together_o after_o their_o father_n death_n to_o drive_v he_o out_o of_o vilna_n for_o the_o execution_n of_o which_o they_o fix_v a_o certain_a time_n but_o olgerdus_n happen_v then_o to_o be_v absent_a on_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n be_v force_v to_o fail_v of_o his_o appointment_n nevertheless_o keijstutus_n firm_o adhere_v to_o his_o vow_n resolve_v to_o accomplish_v the_o design_n alone_o and_o consequent_o march_v secret_o towards_o vilna_n surprise_v and_o take_v
one_o form_n of_o government_n i_o need_v not_o insist_v any_o long_o upon_o the_o succession_n of_o its_o duke_n since_o what_o past_a remarkable_a in_o their_o time_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o jagellonic_a family_n who_o reign_v in_o poland_n from_o jagello_n time_n to_o the_o late_a king_n michael_n wiesnowiski_n therefore_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o enter_v upon_o the_o geographical_a description_n of_o this_o great_a duchy_n the_o two_o province_n of_o lithuania_n contain_v these_o palatinate_v viz._n province_n lithuania_n proper_a contain_v the_o palatinate_n of_o vilna_n troki_n and_o briescia_n or_o polesia_n province_n lithuanic-russia_n contain_v the_o palatinate_n of_o novogrodec_n mscislaw_n vitebsko_fw-mi or_o witebsko_n minski_n and_o polocz_n lithuanic-russia_n be_v common_o call_v russia-alba_n or_o white_a russia_n either_o because_o its_o hill_n be_v general_o cover_v with_o snow_n and_o which_o last_v long_o there_o than_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o this_o country_n or_o else_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o animal_n breed_v there_o be_v general_o incline_v to_o be_v white_a though_o in_o other_o country_n the_o same_o species_n be_v of_o another_o colour_n both_o these_o province_n abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n beside_o several_a merchandize_n part_n of_o which_o they_o transport_v by_o the_o river_n duna_n to_o riga_n in_o livonia_n and_o part_n by_o the_o river_n niemen_n to_o koningsberg_n in_o prussia_n palatinate_n the_o first_o palatinate_n of_o lithuania_n proper_a be_v that_o of_o vilna_n who_o palatin_n be_v chief_a governor_n of_o the_o city_n of_o that_o name_n this_o palatinate_n comprehend_v three_o large_a district_n which_o be_v the_o district_v of_o osmian_n bratislaw_n or_o braslaw_n &_o wilkomitz_n in_o all_o which_o be_v the_o several_a city_n and_o town_n of_o vilna_n cap._n bish_n osmian_n bratislaw_n or_o braslaw_n wilkomitz_n ikaznia_n and_o drizwiatz_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o which_o and_o metropolis_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n be_v vilna_n vilna_n call_v also_o vilenski_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o wildaw_n or_o die_v wild_a by_o the_o german_n and_o be_v situate_v near_o the_o conflux_n of_o the_o river_n wilia_n and_o wiln_n from_o whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n it_o lie_v about_o 130_o polish_v miles_n from_o cracow_n to_o the_o north-east_n 48_o from_o riga_n to_o the_o north_n 70_o from_o warsaw_n and_o a_o hundred_o from_o smolensko_n to_o the_o east_n it_o be_v a_o large_a and_o very_o populous_a city_n well_o fortify_v with_o two_o castle_n whereof_o one_o be_v build_v in_o a_o plain_a and_o the_o other_o on_o a_o hill_n the_o former_a wash_v by_o the_o river_n wilia_n and_o the_o latter_a by_o the_o wiln_n the_o first_o of_o these_o river_n be_v large_a and_o navigable_a whereby_o the_o inhabitant_n transport_v merchandize_n to_o dantzic_n and_o the_o other_o small_a and_o inconsiderable_a the_o house_n of_o this_o city_n be_v general_o low_a and_o mean_a be_v most_o build_v with_o wood_n except_o some_o belong_v to_o the_o gentry_n other_o to_z foreign_a merchant_n and_o several_a public_a edifice_n which_o be_v all_o either_o of_o stone_n or_o brick_n of_o the_o two_o castle_n that_o on_o a_o hill_n be_v very_o ancient_a and_o almost_o ruin_v but_o the_o other_o be_v a_o pile_n of_o beautiful_a modern_a architecture_n the_o church_n here_o be_v all_o of_o stone_n both_o those_o belong_v to_o the_o roman_a and_o russian_a persuasion_n the_o cathedral_n stand_v in_o the_o low_a castle_n wherein_o lie_v the_o body_n of_o st._n casimir_n canonize_v by_o leo_n x._o in_o a_o large_a silver_n tomb_n of_o great_a value_n here_o also_o be_v a_o very_a large_a bell_n like_v to_o that_o of_o cracow_n which_o require_v above_o four_o and_o twenty_o strong_a man_n to_o ring_v it_o within_o this_o castle_n be_v the_o archiepiscopal_n see_v of_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o russia_n among_o the_o other_o public_a edifice_n be_v the_o great_a duke_n palace_n in_o which_o be_v a_o famous_a guard-chamber_n furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n and_o about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o this_o city_n stand_v another_o ducal_z palace_n name_v from_o its_o situation_n rudnick_n that_o be_v near_o the_o water_n this_o palace_n be_v entire_o build_v with_o wood_n and_o beautify_v with_o a_o park_n pleasant_a garden_n orchard_n etc._n etc._n next_o come_v the_o academy_n of_o this_o city_n found_v by_o king_n stephen_n in_o the_o year_n 1579_o and_o erect_v into_o a_o university_n by_o gregory_n xiii_o the_o same_o year_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o founder_n valerian_n bishop_n of_o vilna_n in_o this_o university_n be_v six_o professor_n of_o divinity_n five_o of_o philosophy_n four_o of_o law_n and_o seven_o of_o human_a learning_n among_o the_o merchant_n house_n there_o be_v one_o particular_o neat_a erect_v by_o the_o moscovite_n company_n for_o the_o repository_n of_o their_o fur_n ermine_n and_o other_o rich_a merchandize_n bring_v from_o moscow_n here_o be_v also_o many_o other_o fair_a edifice_n which_o i_o pass_v by_o for_o brevity_n sake_n in_o this_o city_n gun_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v cast_v and_o likewise_o divers_a other_o warlike_a instrument_n of_o excellent_a workmanship_n make_v vilna_n have_v the_o honour_n to_o have_v a_o tribunal_n for_o all_o lithuania_n the_o moscovite_n find_v mean_n to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o this_o city_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o but_o be_v soon_o force_v to_o surrender_v it_o to_o the_o pole_n who_o be_v at_o present_a in_o possession_n of_o it_o osmian_n osmian_n a_o wooden_a town_n capital_a of_o its_o district_n about_o seven_o mile_n from_o vilna_n to_o which_o belong_v a_o large_a jurisdiction_n with_o several_a eminent_a to_n bratislaw_n bratislaw_n or_o braslaw_n a_o timber-built_a city_n situate_v on_o a_o large_a lake_n with_o a_o castle_n found_v on_o a_o rock_n this_o place_n lie_v about_o twenty_o mile_n from_o vilna_n with_o a_o considerable_a jurisdiction_n wilkomitz_n wilkomitz_n a_o wood-built_a town_n upon_o the_o river_n swienta_fw-mi here_o be_v keep_v a_o court_n of_o justice_n to_o try_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o gentry_n to_o this_o district_n belong_v a_o very_a large_a jurisdiction_n in_o which_o be_v several_a considerable_a town_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n bishop_n and_o gentry_n ikaznia_n ikaznia_n a_o town_n build_v with_o wood_n near_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n it_o lie_v about_o three_o polish_v miles_n from_o bratislaw_n drizwiatz_n drizwiatz_n a_o town_n build_v on_o a_o lake_n near_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o about_o five_o mile_n from_o bratislaw_n vilna_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v only_o the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o vilna_n for_o it_o must_v here_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o minor_a castellan_n in_o all_o lithuania_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v of_o four_o sort_n the_o first_o of_o the_o palatinate_n itself_o which_o be_v argent_fw-fr and_o azure_a in_o the_o former_a the_o arm_n of_o lithuania_n and_o in_o the_o latter_a two_o pillar_n of_o the_o first_o beside_o these_o each_o district_n have_v its_o arm_n which_o be_v first_o of_o osmian_n those_o of_o vilna_n differ_v only_o in_o change_v the_o column_n or_o pillar_n to_o erect_a sword_n that_o of_o bratislaw_n a_o field_n gules_a with_o no_o charge_n three_o that_o of_o wilkomitz_n the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o palatinate_n change_v only_o the_o pillar_n to_o the_o image_n of_o st._n michael_n palatinate_n the_o second_o palatinate_n of_o lithuania_n proper_a be_v that_o of_o troki_n which_o have_v in_o it_o these_o four_o large_a district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o grodno_n lida_n cowno_n and_o vpita_n in_o all_o which_o be_v these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n troki_n cap._n grodno_n lida_n cowno_n and_o vpita_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o which_o be_v troki_n troki_n otherwise_o call_v troccum_fw-la or_o trocum_fw-la build_v with_o wood_n and_o seat_v on_o a_o point_n of_o land_n that_o shoot_v out_o into_o a_o lake_n and_o which_o lie_v about_o four_o mile_n from_o vilna_n to_o the_o west_n this_o city_n have_v former_o a_o strong_a wall_n to_o defend_v it_o but_o which_o be_v long_o since_o destroy_v by_o the_o prussian_a knight_n but_o yet_o it_o still_o have_v a_o castle_n found_v in_o the_o lake_n and_o sufficient_o fortify_v both_o by_o nature_n and_o art_n gedeminus_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o this_o city_n which_o be_v the_o ducal_z seat_n before_o it_o come_v to_o be_v translate_v to_o vilna_n the_o moscovite_n storm_v burn_v and_o pillage_v this_o place_n in_o the_o year_n 1655._o grodno_n grodno_n a_o timber-built_a city_n on_o the_o river_n niemen_n or_o cronon_n have_v a_o strong_a castle_n on_o a_o rock_n near_o adjoin_v found_v by_o king_n stephen_n who_o be_v
country_n have_v be_v always_o â—â—o_o improve_v myself_o in_o what_o relate_v pecuâ—â—iarly_o to_o the_o practice_n of_o physic_n and_o to_o natural_a knowledge_n yet_o for_o my_o own_o satisfaction_n and_o curiosity_n i_o be_v desirous_a to_o be_v inâ—â—ormed_v further_o both_o from_o the_o native_n themselves_o and_o their_o historian_n of_o the_o true_a state_n and_o origin_n of_o this_o vast_a kingdom_n i_o find_v that_o poland_n have_v meet_v with_o the_o same_o fate_n with_o most_o other_o country_n that_o be_v to_o be_v little_o know_v from_o its_o minority_n for_o when_o this_o monarchy_n be_v first_o found_v by_o lechus_n there_o be_v no_o learned_a man_n to_o hand_n down_o to_o posterity_n by_o their_o write_n the_o true_a state_n thereof_o from_o â—â—ts_n infancy_n but_o what_o small_a account_n there_o be_v extant_a of_o it_o be_v write_v some_o age_n after_o wherefore_o not_o have_v beside_o be_v a_o twelvemonth_n in_o that_o kingdom_n i_o can_v presume_v to_o give_v that_o satisfaction_n which_o perhaps_o your_o lordship_n may_v otherwise_o expect_v from_o the_o discourse_n i_o late_o have_v with_o you_o yet_o i_o can_v secure_o assert_v that_o the_o follow_a relation_n of_o the_o origin_n of_o that_o country_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o its_o most_o authentic_a historian_n poland_n poland_n by_o the_o roman_n call_v 4._o sarâ—â—natia_n europaea_n come_v to_o be_v a_o distinct_a nation_n and_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o elective_a prince_n much_o about_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o six_o century_n sometime_o after_o that_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n have_v ravage_v the_o south_n part_n of_o europe_n and_o abandon_v their_o own_o bleak_a northern_a habitation_n to_o establish_v themselves_o in_o warm_a region_n italy_n france_n spain_n and_o africa_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o etc._n sclavonian_n as_o sabellicus_n thuanus_n and_o other_o author_n have_v it_o to_o quit_v the_o cimmerian_a bosphorus_n or_o strait_o of_o caffa_n great_a sarmatia_n and_o great_a russia_n or_o moscovy_n to_o inhabit_v those_o desolate_a country_n afterward_o this_o people_n divide_v themselves_o into_o two_o considerable_a body_n one_o pass_v the_o danube_n and_o settle_v in_o dalmatia_n istria_n bosnia_n carynthia_n bulgaria_n as_o far_o as_o greece_n and_o in_o some_o part_n of_o etc._n germany_n while_o the_o other_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o three_o brother_n lechus_n cechus_n and_o russus_n turn_v towards_o the_o north_n to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o those_o province_n which_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n have_v forsake_v these_o brother_n 50._o be_v say_v to_o have_v build_v bremen_n in_o germany_n so_o name_v it_o from_o a_o sclavonian_a word_n signify_v a_o burden_n because_o they_o have_v there_o as_o one_o may_v say_v lay_v down_o their_o burden_n and_o be_v in_o great_a measure_n free_v from_o their_o former_a misery_n these_o prince_n likewise_o divide_v their_o follower_n into_o three_o party_n whereof_o one_o command_v by_o cechus_n settle_v in_o that_o kingdom_n which_o lie_v between_o poland_n and_o germany_n now_o call_v bohemia_n the_o other_o head_v by_o lechus_n fix_v in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o great_a sarmatia_n a_o flat_a and_o champain_n country_n whence_o the_o native_n have_v since_o call_v it_o polska_n from_o the_o sclavonian_a word_n pole_n which_o inhabitant_n either_o signify_v plainness_n or_o hunt_v and_o the_o german_n poland_n or_o even-ground_n 21._o hartknoch_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o poland_n be_v a_o ancient_a name_n of_o sarmatia_n in_o the_o time_n of_o ptolomey_n before_o the_o pole_n inhabit_v this_o champain_n country_n which_o it_o may_v have_v take_v from_o the_o bulani_n or_o bolani_n that_o be_v say_v to_o have_v settle_v near_o the_o vistula_n and_o to_o have_v come_v from_o sarmatia_n the_o three_o brother_n â—â—agusâ—â—is_fw-la russus_n establish_v himself_o in_o that_o province_n of_o poland_n which_o be_v now_o call_v from_o his_o name_n russia_n not_o only_o the_o testimony_n of_o authentic_a writer_n but_o also_o our_o own_o reason_n will_v convince_v we_o that_o all_o these_o nation_n have_v original_o be_v the_o same_o which_o may_v appear_v by_o their_o language_n be_v but_o as_o so_o many_o dialect_v of_o one_o mother-tongue_n the_o sclavonian_a which_o be_v now_o speak_v in_o more_o country_n than_o any_o language_n of_o europe_n lechus_n here_o lechus_n have_v no_o great_a need_n of_o force_n to_o establish_v himself_o he_o meet_v with_o but_o little_a resistance_n all_o this_o country_n have_v be_v leave_v desolate_a for_o some_o time_n before_o by_o the_o vandal_n only_a 51._o regulus_n a_o german_a prince_n be_v say_v to_o have_v oppos_fw-mi d_o he_o at_o first_o and_o to_o have_v challenge_v he_o but_o be_v soon_o vanquish_v by_o he_o in_o a_o duel_n whereby_o he_o become_v master_n of_o pomerania_n which_o be_v then_o regulus_n his_o country_n in_o these_o day_n there_o be_v no_o city_n in_o poland_n no_o money_n be_v yet_o know_v nor_o any_o law_n write_v such_o as_o they_o have_v be_v only_o pronounce_v law_n by_o their_o prince_n mouth_n and_o hand_v down_o by_o tradition_n to_o the_o people_n 2._o prince_n be_v then_o rather_o father_n of_o family_n than_o lord_n and_o master_n and_o their_o revenue_n consist_v only_o in_o a_o moderate_a imposition_n on_o their_o subject_n labour_n lechus_n my_o lord_n settle_v in_o that_o great_a province_n which_o join_v the_o state_n of_o brandenburg_n since_o call_v posnania_n where_o he_o build_v the_o first_o city_n city_n name_v it_o ibid._n gnesna_n from_o the_o sclavonian_a word_n gniazdo_n which_o in_o that_o language_n signify_v a_o nest_n and_o this_o because_o that_o where_o it_o be_v building_n a_o tree_n be_v cut_v down_o which_o have_v a_o eagles_n nest_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o which_o lechus_n take_v for_o a_o good_a omen_n not_o only_o call_v his_o city_n gnesna_n and_o make_v it_o the_o metropolis_n of_o his_o kingdom_n but_o also_o order_v that_o the_o arm_n of_o poland_n shall_v for_o ever_o after_o be_v a_o spread-eagle_n which_o have_v so_o continue_v even_o down_o to_o this_o day_n he_o likewise_o build_v city_n another_o city_n in_o a_o wood_n eight_o mile_n from_o the_o former_a which_o he_o name_v posnania_n by_o the_o present_a inhabitant_n call_v posnan_n signify_v in_o the_o polish_v tongue_n knowledge_n because_o he_o there_o meet_v and_o know_v his_o brother_n cechus_n prince_n of_o bohemia_n after_o above_o twenty_o year_n absence_n this_o city_n give_v occasion_n for_o name_v the_o province_n posnania_n in_o memory_n of_o lechus_n to_o this_o day_n the_o pole_n style_v their_o country_n in_o their_o poem_n lechia_n and_o mr._n montague_n north_n who_o live_v for_o sometime_o at_o constantinople_n have_v late_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o turk_n call_v a_o polander_n in_o their_o language_n lech_n make_v the_o pole_n likewise_o derive_v their_o name_n from_o their_o founder_n though_o my_o lord_n this_o lechus_n bring_v that_o people_n under_o a_o kind_n of_o monarchical_a government_n yet_o neither_o he_o nor_o any_o of_o his_o successor_n can_v ever_o so_o far_o prevail_v upon_o they_o as_o to_o make_v the_o succession_n hereditary_n they_o have_v continue_v elective_a for_o above_o eleven_o hundred_o year_n always_o reserve_v a_o full_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o themselves_o of_o choose_v who_o they_o please_v for_o their_o king_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o they_o have_v still_o hitherto_o elect_v one_o of_o the_o royal_a family_n where_o the_o decease_a king_n have_v any_o issue_n leave_v except_o in_o this_o present_a election_n which_o be_v like_a to_o go_v otherwise_o i_o find_v by_o their_o chronicle_n that_o not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o daughter_n have_v be_v exclude_v when_o there_o have_v be_v no_o son_n however_o they_o always_o think_v fit_a to_o acquaint_v they_o at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o election_n that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o attribute_v poland_n their_o accession_n to_o the_o throne_n to_o any_o right_o contract_v from_o their_o parent_n but_o be_v altogether_o oblige_v to_o the_o senate_n and_o gentry_n for_o put_v that_o sceptre_n into_o their_o hand_n hereby_o they_o intimate_v how_o much_o their_o king_n be_v indebt_v to_o they_o and_o what_o necessity_n they_o lie_v under_o to_o behave_v themselves_o well_o towards_o a_o people_n that_o be_v please_v to_o raise_v they_o to_o a_o supreme_a dignity_n which_o they_o have_v no_o better_a claim_n to_o than_o the_o mean_a gentleman_n in_o the_o kingdom_n they_o acquaint_v they_o likewise_o that_o they_o think_v themselves_o no_o long_o oblige_v to_o pay_v they_o obedience_n than_o that_o they_o keep_v to_o their_o oath_n and_o moreover_o they_o always_o reserve_v to_o themselves_o a_o right_n of_o depose_v they_o whenever_o they_o violate_v their_o law_n this_o maxim_n have_v hitherto_o prove_v very_o beneficial_a to_o the_o pole_n for_o enlarge_a their_o country_n and_o maintain_v their_o privilege_n and_o may_v well_o have_v
extend_v their_o dominion_n beyond_o those_o of_o any_o state_n in_o europe_n have_v their_o other_o constitution_n be_v as_o well_o ground_v or_o as_o exact_o observe_v for_o though_o the_o pole_n have_v be_v constant_o molest_v by_o their_o neighbour_n the_o suede_n moscovite_n tartar_n turk_n hungarian_n and_o german_n and_o their_o kingdom_n be_v several_a time_n reduce_v to_o extremity_n burn_v and_o plunder_v by_o frequent_a incursion_n put_v into_o convulsion_n and_o desolation_n and_o thousand_o of_o their_o people_n be_v carry_v away_o into_o king_n captivity_n yet_o by_o the_o prudent_a conduct_n and_o courage_n of_o their_o king_n through_o a_o desire_n of_o gain_v the_o affection_n of_o their_o subject_n by_o serve_v their_o country_n zealous_o to_o the_o end_n their_o fame_n and_o merit_n may_v raise_v their_o child_n to_o the_o throne_n after_o their_o death_n the_o pole_n have_v not_o only_o always_o oppose_v but_o likewise_o repulse_v the_o exorbitant_a force_n of_o their_o enemy_n they_o have_v also_o by_o degree_n enlarge_v their_o country_n by_o vast_a conquest_n and_o render_v it_o several_a time_n the_o most_o formidable_a of_o any_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n they_o have_v likewise_o never_o submit_v to_o any_o foreign_a power_n no_o not_o even_o to_o the_o roman_n by_o force_n they_o have_v also_o hitherto_o inviolable_o maintain_v their_o liberty_n property_n and_o peculiar_a manner_n of_o government_n against_o all_o the_o attempt_n both_o of_o their_o enemy_n abroad_o or_o the_o cabal_n form_v either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o king_n at_o home_n and_o i_o believe_v i_o may_v say_v to_o their_o great_a commendation_n that_o they_o be_v the_o only_a nation_n in_o the_o world_n who_o have_v keep_v the_o long_a succession_n of_o king_n without_o subject_v themselves_o either_o to_o a_o despotic_a or_o hereditary_a monarchy_n their_o prince_n be_v now_o as_o most_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v at_o first_o whole_o elect_v by_o the_o people_n though_o my_o lord_n i_o have_v say_v the_o pole_n have_v never_o exclude_v their_o king_n child_n yet_o must_v it_o be_v understand_v that_o their_o crown_n have_v not_o always_o be_v in_o the_o same_o family_n by_o reason_n that_o from_o time_n to_o time_n the_o royal_a line_n have_v fail_v and_o therefore_o they_o have_v consequent_o be_v oblige_v to_o elect_v prince_n out_o of_o other_o family_n but_o still_o i_o may_v very_o well_o affirm_v that_o there_o have_v never_o be_v any_o stranger_n choose_v except_o in_o the_o present_a election_n where_o the_o precede_a king_n have_v any_o issue_n survive_v prince_n the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v in_o all_o be_v fifty_o two_o whereof_o be_v woman_n as_o venda_n and_o hedwigis_fw-la both_o have_v have_v the_o government_n for_o some_o time_n and_o the_o other_o forty_o eight_o be_v men._n 22._o at_o first_o these_o prince_n be_v only_o style_v deuce_n duke_n or_o general_n of_o poland_n as_o if_o their_o office_n in_o those_o time_n have_v be_v no_o other_o than_o to_o head_n army_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o to_o boleslaus_n chrobry_n they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o crown_v this_o title_n continue_v from_o the_o year_n 550_o to_o the_o year_n 1005._o when_o the_o emperor_n otho_n iii_o create_v boleslaus_n i._o the_o sixteen_o duke_n of_o poland_n king_n king_n be_v the_o second_o christian_n prince_n that_o have_v govern_v that_o country_n all_o before_o he_o and_o miecislaus_fw-la i._n his_o father_n have_v be_v pagan_n as_o be_v likewise_o the_o pole_n themselves_o till_o the_o ten_o century_n when_o this_o miecislaus_fw-la the_o fifteen_o duke_n of_o poland_n turn_v christian_n in_o the_o year_n 964_o in_o pope_n john_n the_o xiiith_n time_n by_o which_o mean_v his_o son_n boleslaus_n come_v to_o have_v the_o title_n of_o king_n all_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n may_v be_v divide_v king_n into_o four_o class_n whereof_o the_o first_o and_o last_o be_v of_o different_a family_n the_o second_o and_o three_o of_o but_o one_o in_o which_o the_o crown_n pass_v from_o the_o father_n to_o the_o daughter_n the_o first_o class_n reign_v from_o the_o year_n 550_o to_o the_o year_n 830_o the_o second_o from_o 830_o to_o 1382_o the_o three_o from_o 1382_o to_o 1574_o and_o the_o last_o from_o thence_o down_o to_o our_o time_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o give_v your_o lordship_n some_o short_a account_n of_o the_o succession_n and_o most_o remarkable_a action_n of_o the_o first_o class_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o poland_n from_o the_o year_n 550_o to_o the_o year_n 830._o 550._o lechus_n 8._o son_n of_o anon_o first_o duke_n of_o poland_n as_o i_o say_v before_o found_v this_o nation_n build_v he_o build_v the_o first_o city_n there_o name_v it_o gnesna_n now_o the_o primate_n see_v as_o likewise_o the_o city_n of_o posnan_n capital_a of_o posnania_n it_o be_v uncertain_a how_o many_o govern_v before_o his_o race_n come_v to_o be_v extinct_a and_o there_o be_v great_a contest_v among_o the_o polish_v historian_n about_o his_o successor_n but_o some_o affirm_v that_o he_o order_v by_o his_o last_o will_n like_a alexander_n the_o great_a that_o they_o shall_v elect_v the_o most_o worthy_a person_n among_o they_o visimirus_n visimirus_n his_o 52._o nephew_n be_v thereupon_o choose_v who_o be_v report_v to_o have_v extend_v his_o dominion_n even_o to_o the_o very_a border_n of_o denmark_n and_o to_o have_v build_v a_o very_a great_a ship_n which_o be_v a_o exceed_a terror_n to_o the_o dane_n he_o be_v also_o say_v to_o have_v give_v that_o nation_n a_o great_a overthrow_n by_o sea_n and_o to_o have_v pursue_v his_o victory_n into_o the_o very_a bowel_n of_o that_o kingdom_n where_o he_o subdue_v many_o province_n and_o conquesis_n build_v several_a city_n whereof_o one_o be_v wismar_n which_o retain_v his_o name_n to_o this_o day_n in_o one_o battle_n this_o visimirus_n be_v say_v to_o have_v take_v the_o danish_a king_n prisoner_n and_o to_o have_v carry_v he_o into_o poland_n whence_o afterward_o be_v release_v and_o conspire_v together_o with_o the_o swede_n and_o holsatian_o he_o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o poland_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n but_o be_v soon_o meet_v and_o vanquish_v again_o by_o wisimir_n who_o thereupon_o push_v on_o his_o victory_n so_o far_o as_o to_o reduce_v the_o great_a part_n of_o denmark_n which_o he_o then_o unite_v to_o poland_n in_o opposition_n to_o this_o story_n monsieur_fw-fr pauli_n minister_v here_o from_o denmark_n have_v assure_v i_o that_o the_o pole_n never_o make_v any_o conquest_n in_o that_o country_n which_o may_v give_v some_o exception_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n though_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v suppose_v that_o several_a king_n reign_v during_o the_o space_n of_o 150_o year_n there_o be_v so_o much_o time_n between_o the_o begin_n of_o lechus_n his_o reign_n and_o the_o election_n of_o cracus_n however_o to_o gratify_v the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o public_a i_o hope_v i_o have_v not_o do_v amiss_o to_o insert_v it_o since_o i_o withal_o quote_v my_o author_n after_o many_o glorious_a action_n have_v great_o augment_v his_o dominion_n this_o wisimir_n die_v death_n without_o issue_n vapovius_fw-la say_v that_o lechus_n his_o posterity_n reign_v all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n between_o he_o and_o cracus_n be_v 150_o year_n yet_o have_v consult_v all_o their_o historian_n i_o can_v find_v no_o manner_n of_o account_n give_v of_o their_o reigâ—â—_n nor_o of_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n in_o all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n lechus_n his_o issue_n be_v extinct_a it_o be_v certain_a the_o woievod_n people_n elect_v twelve_o woievod_n in_o the_o polish_v language_n captain_n of_o war_n to_o govern_v they_o who_o divide_v that_o country_n into_o twelve_o part_n for_o the_o pole_n stick_v close_o to_o their_o liberty_n will_v then_o by_o no_o mean_n put_v the_o government_n into_o one_o man_n hand_n but_o soon_o after_o these_o depose_v palatine_n disagree_v among_o themselves_o the_o people_n choose_v one_o 700._o cracus_n for_o their_o head_n a_o very_a rich_a and_o popular_a person_n report_v to_o have_v be_v of_o the_o race_n of_o the_o gracchi_n at_o rome_n who_o be_v banish_v into_o this_o country_n by_o king_n ancus_n who_o this_o cracus_n be_v all_o historian_n do_v not_o agree_v the_o polish_v writer_n say_v he_o be_v one_o of_o the_o twelve_o woievod_n but_o the_o etc._n bohemian_n affirm_v he_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o their_o country_n he_o gain_v extreme_o upon_o the_o good_a will_n of_o his_o subject_n for_o he_o soon_o appease_v the_o impend_a storm_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n build_v a_o city_n on_o the_o river_n vistula_n 〈◊〉_d call_v it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n cracow_n and_o transfer_v his_o residence_n from_o gnesna_n thither_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o this_o city_n have_v ever_o since_o
vavel_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n vistula_n it_o be_v a_o large_a stone_n building_n consist_v of_o two_o wing_n magnificent_o raise_v about_o a_o square-court_n have_v gallery_n support_v with_o pillar_n and_o pave_v with_o black_a and_o white_a marble_n the_o king_n apartment_n with_o some_o other_o be_v adorn_v with_o divers_a curious_a painting_n and_o statue_n and_o the_o country_n round_o about_o afford_v one_o of_o the_o most_o delightful_a prospect_n in_o europe_n cathedral_n here_o be_v the_o cathedral_n of_o st._n stanislaus_n in_o which_o a_o late_a bishop_n of_o cracow_n martin_n szyscovius_n repair_v and_o beautify_v his_o tomb_n which_o before_o have_v be_v all_o of_o silver_n this_o sigismond_n iii_o and_o his_o son_n vladislaus_n vii_o great_o augment_v bestow_v on_o it_o many_o offering_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n vessel_n sigismond_n i._n also_o in_o honour_n of_o this_o saint_n build_v a_o silver_n altar_n near_o his_o tomb_n bestow_v on_o it_o several_a golden_a crucifix_n and_o as_o many_o vestment_n rich_o embroider_v with_o gem_n of_o all_o sort_n his_o daughter_n ann_n likewise_o wife_n to_o king_n stephen_n build_v another_o silver_n altar_n in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o annunciation_n who_o roof_n be_v all_o gild_a and_o wherein_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v inter_v this_o cathedral_n be_v principal_o to_o be_v note_v for_o its_o chapter_n and_o treasury_n i_o pass_v by_o several_a other_o inestimable_a riches_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v here_o but_o i_o can_v omit_v one_o thing_n which_o be_v that_o god_n be_v so_o incessant_o praise_v in_o this_o church_n that_o the_o priest_n be_v never_o silent_a night_n nor_o day_n the_o bishop_n of_o chapter_n this_o diocese_n be_v lord_n over_o thirteen_o city_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o severia_n his_o chapter_n which_o consist_v of_o about_o thirty_o canon_n with_o several_a other_o inferior_a priest_n have_v a_o proportionable_a revenue_n this_o city_n be_v erect_v into_o a_o metropolitan_a see_v upon_o the_o first_o plant_v of_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o poland_n by_o miecislaus_fw-la i._n but_o within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o it_o degenerate_v into_o a_o bishopric_n under_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n in_o regard_n that_o lampert_n zula_n can_v not_o be_v persuade_v to_o receive_v his_o pall_n from_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n yet_o upon_o submission_n he_o be_v afterward_o restore_v to_o that_o dignity_n but_o which_o last_v only_o for_o his_o life_n his_o successor_n have_v be_v ever_o since_o only_a bishop_n church_n there_o be_v about_o fifty_o other_o parish-church_n as_o well_o in_o the_o castle_n as_o the_o town_n whereof_o the_o most_o celebrate_a be_v that_o of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n in_o the_o circle_n of_o cracow_n which_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o arch-presbyter_n and_o front_v ten_o large_a street_n have_v moreover_o on_o all_o side_n four_o row_v of_o magnificent_a structure_n university_n a_o university_n be_v first_o begin_v here_o by_o casimir_n the_o great_a and_o finish_v not_o till_o the_o year_n 1401_o by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n conformable_a to_o the_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n of_o his_o queen_n hedwigis_fw-la and_o have_v its_o privilege_n soon_o after_o confirm_v by_o pope_n vrban_n vi_o however_o the_o scholar_n forsake_v it_o in_o 1549_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o magistrate_n have_v refuse_v to_o do_v justice_n on_o the_o servant_n of_o andrew_n czarnkowski_n who_o in_o a_o quarrel_n have_v slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o they_o afterward_o disperse_v themselves_o into_o several_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o become_v protestant_n spread_v the_o lutheran_n religion_n throughout_o poland_n and_o gain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o proselyte_n yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o at_o last_o they_o return_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n in_o this_o university_n be_v teach_v all_o sort_n of_o learning_n and_o which_o be_v now_o as_o great_a a_o ornament_n to_o the_o polish_v kingdom_n as_o athens_n be_v former_o to_o greece_n it_o contain_v in_o all_o eleven_o college_n college_n which_o be_v the_o great_a college_n which_o be_v only_o for_o philosopher_n the_o law-college_n where_o the_o professor_n of_o that_o art_n cohabit_v and_o read_v lecture_n the_o physick-college_n which_o the_o physician_n do_v not_o live_v in_o because_o they_o be_v general_o marry_v and_o have_v family_n the_o college_n of_o dlugossus_n for_o young_a student_n in_o the_o law_n the_o college_n of_o the_o poor_a for_o such_o as_o we_o call_v king's-scholar_n here_o the_o college_n of_o nascovius_n for_o other_o science_n the_o college_n of_o jerusalem_n or_o of_o olesnicius_n the_o college_n of_o zisinius_n new_o erect_v the_o college_n of_o staringilius_n the_o college_n of_o smiescovicius_n and_o the_o college_n for_o human_a learning_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v fourteen_o grammar-school_n scatter_v throughout_o the_o city_n in_o which_o also_o sometime_o university-learning_n be_v teach_v vicechancellor_n all_o these_o college_n and_o school_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o rector_n or_o vicechancellor_n who_o take_v care_n that_o order_n be_v due_o observe_v and_o function_n right_o administer_v which_o be_v so_o great_a encouragement_n that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o ecclesiastical_a or_o political_a dignity_n in_o the_o kingdom_n but_o be_v fill_v by_o person_n that_o have_v be_v educate_v in_o this_o university_n monastery_n in_o the_o monastery_n also_o be_v teach_v both_o philosophy_n and_o divinity_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o that_o of_o the_o dominican_n of_o the_o trinity_n where_o there_o be_v daily_a lecture_n keep_v and_o several_a kind_n of_o moral_a learning_n also_o promote_v mendicant_n there_o be_v likewise_o several_a sort_n of_o mendicant_a friar_n in_o this_o city_n who_o upon_o solemn_a feast_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n go_v in_o procession_n clothe_v in_o divers_a colour_n such_o as_o mendicant_n of_o the_o rosary_n in_o red._n mendicant_n of_o mercy_n in_o green_n mendicant_n of_o the_o mantle_n in_o blue_n mendicant_n of_o the_o passion_n in_o black_n mendicant_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n in_o white_n mendicant_n of_o saint_n sophia_n in_o purple_n mendicant_n of_o saint_n ann_n in_o ash-colour_n mendicant_n of_o saint_n monica_n in_o crimson_a city_n the_o house_n of_o this_o city_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o freestone_n and_o four_o or_o five_o story_n high_a but_o cover_v on_o the_o top_n only_o with_o board_n instead_o of_o slate_n or_o tile_n the_o quarter_n of_o casimir_n be_v join_v to_o the_o rest_n by_o a_o fair_a timber_n bridg_n erect_v over_o the_o river_n rudawka_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o weissel_n whilst_o the_o other_o two_o stradomia_fw-la and_o cleparia_n be_v water_v by_o the_o weissel_n and_o lie_v between_o cracow_n and_o the_o aforesaid_a bridg._n biecz_n biecz_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o same_o name_n be_v a_o wall_a city_n in_o a_o plain_a water_v by_o the_o river_n rapa_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o vistula_n out_o of_o the_o froth_n of_o which_o they_o make_v sulphur_n it_o be_v about_o fifteen_o polish_v miles_n from_o cracow_n and_o five_o from_o sandecz_n wounitz_n wounitz_n or_o woynicz_n a_o timber-built_a town_n on_o the_o river_n dunaiecz_n from_o cracow_n about_o nine_o mile_n sandecz_n sandecz_n a_o wall_a town_n in_o a_o very_a pleasant_a plain_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o same_o name_n wash_v by_o the_o river_n dunaiecx_n and_o about_o eleven_o mile_n from_o cracow_n it_o have_v a_o collegiute_v church_n and_o several_a monastery_n etc._n etc._n its_o inhabitant_n be_v active_a and_o industrious_a lelow_n lelow_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o lelovia_n of_o which_o it_o be_v the_o capital_a environ_v with_o a_o old_a wall_n and_o a_o strong_a castle_n build_v upon_o a_o hill_n wherein_o be_v a_o palace_n and_o several_a garden_n after_o the_o italian_a manner_n it_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o river_n biala_n and_o about_o eleven_o mile_n from_o cracow_n kyaz_n kyaz_n a_o wooden-built_a town_n about_o seven_o mile_n from_o cracow_n osvieczin_n osvieczin_n capital_a of_o the_o duchy_n of_o the_o same_o name_n a_o timber-built_a city_n in_o a_o plain_a among_o the_o marsh_n with_o a_o wooden_a castle_n plaster_v only_o with_o clay_n it_o be_v about_o seven_o mile_n from_o cracow_n zator_fw-la zator_n capital_a of_o that_o duchy_n build_v with_o wood_n in_o a_o plain_a near_o the_o river_n vistula_n and_o about_o five_o mile_n from_o cracow_n severia_n severia_n capital_a of_o the_o large_a duchy_n of_o the_o same_o name_n it_o have_v a_o very_a strong_a castle_n in_o a_o island_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o very_a broad_a lake_n and_o another_o at_o lipovecia_n upon_o a_o high_a rock_n famous_a for_o be_v the_o prison_n of_o the_o insolent_a clergy_n of_o the_o diocese_n of_o cracow_n for_o that_o bishop_n be_v temporal_a prince_n of_o this_o duchy_n which_o contain_v some_o town_n and_o lipovecia_n among_o the_o
several_a magistrate_n the_o prussian_n have_v also_o a_o treasurer_n burgraves_n of_o castle_n sword-bearer_n judge_n and_o sheriff_n but_o none_o of_o all_o these_o have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o council_n the_o palatine_n of_o prussia_n have_v far_o great_a power_n than_o those_o in_o any_o other_o province_n of_o poland_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o prussia_n be_v a_o eagle_n expanse_v sables_n with_o a_o sword_n evaginate_v and_o hold_v by_o a_o dexter_a hand_n argent_fw-fr both_o in_o a_o field_n or._n province_n the_o four_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v red-russia_n red_a russia_n the_o other_o be_v white_a russia_n and_o belong_v to_o lithuania_n this_o province_n extent_n extend_v itself_o from_o the_o frontier_n of_o lithuania_n as_o far_o as_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o nieper_n in_o the_o black_a sea_n which_o river_n separate_v it_o from_o moscovy_n to_o the_o east_n as_o likewise_o do_v the_o carpathian_n mountain_n from_o hungary_n to_o the_o south-west_n it_o be_v extreme_o fruitful_a in_o corn_n beast_n of_o all_o kind_n fish_n and_o honey_n in_o this_o province_n there_o be_v several_a tree_n daily_o find_v along_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o river_n san_n which_o be_v very_o hard_a and_o black_a as_o ebony_n the_o country_n people_n say_v they_o have_v lie_v there_o ever_o since_o the_o deluge_n but_o it_o be_v probable_a they_o may_v have_v be_v wash_v down_o by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n a_o great_a while_n since_o it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n by_o hungary_n moldavia_n and_o bessarabia_n on_o the_o east_n by_o the_o scythian_a desert_n and_o especial_o moscovy_n on_o the_o north_n by_o russia_n alba_n separate_v by_o the_o river_n stiro_n and_o pripecz_n and_o on_o the_o west_n by_o lesser_n poland_n from_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o river_n vislocz_n and_o vepre_n this_o province_n comprehend_v seven_o palatinate_n viz._n the_o palatinate_v of_o russia_n podolia_n braslaw_n kiovia_n volhynia_n belsko_n and_o chelm_fw-ge palatinate_n the_o first_o palatinate_n of_o this_o province_n be_v that_o of_o russia_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o district_n which_o be_v the_o district_n of_o leopol_n premislaw_n halicz_n and_o sanoch_n district_n the_o first_o of_o these_o district_n have_v in_o it_o these_o remarkable_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n leopol_n archbish_n cap._n grodeck_n javorisvia_n zolkiew_n gliniani_n zloczow_n and_o komarna_n of_o of_o all_o which_o the_o chief_a city_n be_v leopol_n leopol_n call_v lwow_o or_o luwow_o by_o the_o polander_n and_o lemberg_n or_o russe-lemberg_a by_o the_o german_n it_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o palatinate_n and_o lie_v in_o the_o 46_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o 49_o of_o latitude_n it_o be_v build_v among_o the_o hill_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n peltaw_fw-mi fifteen_o polish_v miles_n from_o mount_n carpathus_n to_o the_o south_n and_o as_o many_o from_o premislaw_n to_o the_o west_n thirty_o from_o caminiec_n forty_o from_o cracow_n and_o about_o fifty_o from_o warsaw_n to_o the_o southeast_n this_o city_n be_v large_a and_o well_o fortify_v have_v two_o castle_n one_o within_o the_o wall_n and_o one_o without_o on_o a_o rise_a ground_n which_o command_v the_o town_n both_o which_o together_o with_o the_o city_n be_v found_v by_o leo_n or_o as_o they_o call_v he_o 'loo_o duke_n of_o russia_n about_o the_o year_n 1289._o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n be_v both_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a lord_n of_o his_o diocese_n his_o see_n be_v translate_v hither_o from_o halicz_n in_o 1361_o by_o order_n of_o king_n casimir_n here_o also_o reside_v a_o armenian_a archbishop_n and_o a_o russian_a bishop_n depend_v on_o the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n with_o several_a church_n belong_v to_o each_o bishopric_n the_o armenian_a roman-catholic_n have_v inhabit_v here_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n and_o be_v govern_v whole_o by_o their_o own_o prelate_n they_o enjoy_v very_o great_a privilege_n on_o account_n of_o the_o considerable_a commerce_n they_o maintain_v with_o the_o persian_n and_o other_o eastern_a people_n this_o city_n be_v famous_a for_o several_a besiege_v sieges_n it_o have_v sustain_v as_o first_o it_o be_v besiege_v by_o the_o cosack_n and_o tartar_n with_o a_o dreadful_a army_n second_o by_o the_o moscovite_n and_o cosack_n in_o the_o year_n 1648_o with_o a_o army_n of_o above_o 120_o thousand_o man_n without_o be_v able_a to_o take_v it_o in_o two_o month_n and_o a_o half_a but_o the_o last_o time_n the_o turk_n become_v almost_o master_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1672_o yet_o by_o a_o agreement_n oblige_v themselves_o to_o quit_v it_o this_o happen_v under_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n michael_n wiesnowiski_n who_o die_v here_o in_o the_o year_n 1673._o this_o city_n give_v great_a encouragement_n to_o learned_a man_n who_o be_v very_o civil_o receive_v by_o their_o academy_n which_o be_v supply_v with_o professor_n from_o that_o of_o cracow_n here_o be_v keep_v a_o very_a famous_a winter-fair_a whither_o the_o hungarian_a moldavian_n and_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n turkish_a merchant_n resort_v in_o great_a number_n among_o other_o river_n it_o have_v roxolania_n wherein_o barbel_n be_v take_v of_o a_o great_a size_n it_o have_v likewise_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o fishpond_n all_o about_o it_o replenish_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o very_o fat_a fish_n which_o be_v salt_v up_o in_o great_a number_n and_o transport_v all_o over_o poland_n the_o church_n here_o be_v general_o very_o fair_a and_o well-built_a and_o abound_v with_o all_o kind_n of_o costly_a ornament_n grodeck_n grodeck_n a_o palisadoed_a city_n with_o a_o castle_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a and_o surround_v with_o bogs_n it_o lie_v about_o four_o mile_n from_o leopol_n javorisvia_n javorisvia_n famous_a for_o a_o natural_a bath_n arise_v in_o the_o next_o adjoin_v village_n of_o sclovia_n this_o alone_a suffice_v to_o disperse_v several_a stubborn_a distemper_n as_o sixtus_n leo_n a_o physician_n of_o great_a experience_n testify_v in_o his_o treatise_n concern_v it_o zolkiew_n zolkiew_o a_o town_n adorn_v and_o defend_v by_o a_o castle_n and_o intermix_v with_o several_a delightful_a garden_n with_o a_o fair_a church_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o build_v with_o various_a sort_n of_o marble_n it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n where_o my_o lord_n of_o rochester_n have_v audience_n of_o he_o arms._n the_o standard_n and_o arm_n of_o this_o district_n be_v a_o lion_n passant_a crown_v or_o by_o a_o rock_n sables_n all_o in_o a_o field_n azure_a district_n the_o second_o district_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v premislia_n which_o have_v in_o it_o these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n premislaw_n bish_n sambor_n jaroslaw_n lancut_a resovia_n fulstin_n visnia_n zidaczow_n moscisca_n dubiecz_n canczuga_n and_o prevorscia_n of_o whereof_o the_o capital_a city_n be_v premislaw_n premislaw_n build_v on_o the_o river_n san_n with_o good_a strong_a wall_n and_o a_o castle_n situate_v upon_o a_o rock_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n this_o city_n lie_v about_o six_o league_n above_o jaroslaw_n and_o twelve_o from_o leopol_n towards_o the_o west_n there_o be_v in_o it_o two_o bishop_n one_o of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o other_o a_o russian_a prelate_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n orichowski_n a_o canon_n of_o this_o cathedral_n maintain_v that_o priest_n may_v marry_v here_o be_v a_o college_n belong_v to_o the_o jesuit_n for_o the_o education_n of_o youth_n the_o citizen_n be_v very_o much_o addict_v to_o trade_n and_o have_v several_a famous_a fair_n every_o year_n near_o this_o city_n be_v a_o very_a spacious_a park_n of_o the_o king_n be_v full_a of_o all_o kind_n of_o wild_a beast_n and_o strong_o wall_v in_o that_o they_o may_v do_v no_o mischief_n the_o country_n hereabout_o abound_v with_o castle_n for_o defence_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o chief_a of_o all_o which_o be_v the_o castle_n crassici_n late_o build_v on_o the_o river_n san._n sambor_n sambor_n a_o palisadoed_a city_n upon_o the_o river_n tyra_n with_o a_o castle_n build_v near_o the_o border_n of_o hungary_n jaroslaw_n jaroslaw_n famous_a for_o a_o fair_a keep_v on_o lady-day_n and_o the_o most_o celebrate_a of_o any_o in_o all_o poland_n where_o beside_o several_a merchandize_n bring_v from_o persia_n constantinople_n venice_n muscovy_n and_o amsterdam_n they_o say_v it_o be_v wont_a to_o have_v above_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o head_n of_o cattle_n and_o half_a as_o many_o horse_n in_o this_o town_n the_o jesuit_n have_v a_o college_n for_o student_n and_o without_o it_o there_o be_v a_o very_a stately_a nunnery_n of_o modern_a architecture_n neither_o be_v its_o castle_n to_o be_v despise_v which_o be_v seat_v to_o the_o east_n on_o the_o river_n san._n lancut_a lancut_a famous_a for_o several_a magnificent_a church_n found_v by_o stanislaus_n lubomirski_n palatin_n of_o cracow_n together_o
with_o a_o castle_n well_o fortify_v against_o the_o tartar_n resovia_n resovia_n have_v in_o it_o a_o considerable_a castle_n with_o several_a monastery_n and_o a_o fair_a keep_v on_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n albert._n this_o town_n be_v famous_a for_o a_o linen_n manufacture_n perform_v by_o the_o german_n who_o ancestor_n have_v be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o casimir_n the_o great_a be_v settle_v in_o and_o about_o this_o place_n arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o district_n be_v a_o eagle_n expanse_v with_o two_o head_n both_o crown_v or_o in_o a_o field_n azure_a district_n the_o three_o district_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o russia_n be_v that_o of_o halicz_n encompass_v towards_o the_o west_n with_o the_o mountain_n of_o transylvania_n to_o the_o south_n by_o the_o boechy-wood_n of_o walachia_n and_o towards_o the_o east_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n by_o the_o tyra_n or_o niester_n a_o rapid_a river_n which_o arise_v among_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n and_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n the_o south_n division_n of_o this_o district_n be_v call_v procutia_n the_o whole_a district_n contain_v these_o remarkable_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n halicz_n cap._n sniatin_n cap._n of_o procutia_n colom_n martinow_n dolina_n strium_fw-la podock_n brezana_n buczavia_n or_o busko_n and_o podhajecia_n of_o the_o chief_a all_o which_o be_v halicz_n halicz_n former_o metropolis_n of_o the_o russian_a kingdom_n which_o be_v then_o divide_v into_o several_a tetrarchy_n each_o of_o which_o have_v its_o proper_a duke_n it_o be_v a_o large_a timber-built_a city_n divide_v from_o moldavia_n by_o the_o river_n prud_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n wash_v by_o the_o niester_n it_o have_v a_o wooden_a castle_n situate_v on_o a_o eminence_n hard_a by_o the_o niester_n its_o inhabitant_n be_v somewhat_o rustical_a and_o addict_v more_o to_o agriculture_n than_o trade_n sniatin_n sniatin_n a_o wooden_a palisadoed_a town_n on_o the_o border_n of_o walachia_n water_v by_o the_o prud_n and_o be_v capital_a of_o procutia_n in_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v fair_n keep_v which_o the_o valachian_n make_v their_o magazine_n whence_o it_o become_v very_o well_o furnish_v with_o cattle_n honey_n wax_n and_o a_o excellent_a breed_n of_o brave_a horse_n in_o great_a number_n colom_n colom_n a_o wooden_a town_n build_v under_o a_o hill_n near_o the_o river_n prud._n it_o be_v very_o much_o frequent_v on_o account_n of_o its_o refine_v salt_n with_o which_o it_o furnish_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o russia_n and_o lithuania_n there_o be_v none_o in_o those_o two_o province_n except_o only_o in_o the_o district_n of_o premislaw_n almost_o all_o over_o this_o district_n there_o be_v deep_a well_n who_o water_n be_v boil_v up_o into_o salt_n in_o the_o desert_n likewise_o of_o the_o vkraine_n near_o the_o boristhenes_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a lake_n who_o water_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v congeal_v into_o solid_a lump_n of_o salt_n and_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n thereabouts_o only_o use_v martinow_n martinow_n a_o town_n in_o procutia_n have_v a_o castle_n build_v among_o the_o marsh_n dolina_n dolina_n a_o wooden-built_a town_n situate_v among_o the_o hill_n strium_fw-la strium_fw-la build_v likewise_o with_o wood_n near_o the_o river_n of_o its_o own_o name_n podock_n podock_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o niester_n defend_v by_o a_o castle_n and_o adorn_v by_o a_o fair_a monastery_n build_v by_o steven_n potucius_n palatin_n of_o braclaw_n who_o die_v and_o lie_v bury_v there_o brezana_n brezana_n a_o populous_a town_n build_v with_o wood_n have_v a_o wall_a castle_n on_o a_o hill_n hard_a by_o buczavia_n buczavia_n or_o busko_n build_v among_o the_o marsh_n near_o which_o the_o river_n bug_n have_v its_o rise_n by_o mean_n of_o which_o several_a merchandize_n be_v transport_v to_o leopol_n podhajecia_n podhajecia_n environ_v with_o a_o wall_n and_o other_o fortification_n have_v not_o far_o off_o the_o famous_a castle_n of_o zavalovia_n district_n the_o four_o district_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o russia_n be_v that_o of_o sanoch_n near_o the_o mountain_n of_o hungary_n and_o transylvania_n and_o consequent_o abound_v in_o little_a hill_n except_o only_o towards_o crosna_n in_o it_o be_v these_o city_n and_o town_n viz._n sanoch_n cap._n crosna_n brozovia_n rimanovia_n dinovia_n and_o lesko_n of_o of_o all_o which_o the_o principal_a city_n be_v sanoch_n sanoch_n build_v with_o wood_n among_o the_o hill_n and_o near_o the_o river_n san._n it_o have_v a_o no-way_n contemptible_a castle_n found_v upon_o a_o rock_n crosna_n crosna_n the_o staple_n of_o the_o hungarian_n whither_o they_o bring_v all_o their_o merchandize_n and_o wine_n and_o therefore_o the_o fair_n and_o mart_n here_o be_v more_o celebrate_v than_o those_o of_o their_o neighbour_n in_o this_o city_n likewise_o the_o jesuit_n have_v a_o college_n for_o human_a learning_n it_o exceed_v sanoch_n in_o its_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n and_o concourse_n of_o stranger_n etc._n the_o other_o city_n and_o town_n of_o brozovia_n rimanovia_n dinovia_n and_o lesko_n be_v place_n of_o no_o small_a strength_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n sanoch_n the_o senator_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o russia_n be_v the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n the_o bishop_n of_o premislaw_n and_o kiovia_n the_o palatin_n of_o russia_n the_o castellan_n of_o leopol_n premislaw_n halicz_n and_o sanoch_n palatinate_n the_o second_o palatinate_n of_o the_o province_n of_o red_a russia_n be_v that_o of_o podolia_n famous_a for_o the_o frequent_a eruption_n of_o barbarian_n and_o the_o many_o battle_n fight_v with_o they_o there_o if_o these_o people_n say_v starovolscius_fw-la may_v enjoy_v a_o wished-for_a peace_n like_o the_o western_a country_n of_o europe_n they_o will_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o envy_v either_o the_o plenty_n or_o riches_n of_o italy_n or_o hungary_n this_o palatinate_n have_v in_o it_o divers_a sort_n of_o marble_n and_o alabaster_n in_o several_a place_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o caminiec_n trembowla_n and_o laticzow_n in_o all_o which_o be_v these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n caminiec_fw-la cap._n trembowla_n laticzow_n bar._n husiatinow_n czartikow_n janow_n czvaniec_fw-la chmielnic_n miedzibosz_n or_o misdzibozia_n zinkow_n jesupolis_n jacloveck_n satanow_n tarnopolia_fw-la kitaigrod_n and_o dunaigrod_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o which_o be_v caminiec_n situate_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o walachia_n caminiec_fw-la among_o rock_n and_o hill_n it_o be_v well_o fortify_v both_o by_o nature_n and_o art_n and_o have_v a_o very_a strong_a castle_n build_v on_o a_o adjacent_a rock_n which_o command_v the_o town_n it_o be_v avenue_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o horn-work_n which_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o place_n by_o a_o deep_a moat_n both_o city_n and_o castle_n be_v almost_o encompass_v by_o the_o river_n smotrzick_n which_o a_o little_a below_o fall_v into_o the_o niester_n the_o rock_n lie_v every_o way_n so_o high_a about_o this_o city_n that_o you_o can_v discover_v only_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a house_n it_o lie_v fifteen_o polish_v miles_n from_o bar_n to_o the_o west_n thirty_o from_o leopol_n thirty_o six_o from_o jassy_n thirty_o from_o kiow_n eighty_o from_o warsaw_n and_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o from_o constantinople_n this_o strong_a city_n which_o be_v the_o see_v of_o a_o prelate_n suffragan_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n be_v very_o much_o damage_v by_o a_o fire_n in_o the_o year_n 1669_o and_o have_v be_v often_o in_o vain_a attack_v by_o the_o utmost_a fury_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1672_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o former_a in_o which_o it_o still_o continue_v it_o be_v block_v up_o by_o motula_n general_n of_o the_o cosack_n in_o the_o year_n 1687_o and_o the_o pole_n afterward_o make_v great_a preparation_n to_o join_v his_o troop_n but_o be_v both_o oblige_v to_o retire_v upon_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o ottoman_a force_n afterward_o another_o blockade_n be_v form_v by_o the_o polish_v army_n in_o 1688_o and_o the_o next_o year_n they_o actual_o invest_v the_o place_n and_o begin_v a_o formal_a attack_z in_o the_o month_n of_o august_n but_o the_o siege_n be_v raise_v in_o september_n follow_v and_o never_o since_o attempt_v so_o that_o the_o infidel_n remain_v at_o present_a in_o quiet_a possession_n hereof_o together_o with_o several_a other_o considerable_a place_n in_o this_o palatinate_n trembowla_n trembowla_n a_o city_n lie_v under_o a_o great_a mountain_n with_o a_o castle_n build_v upon_o a_o adjoin_a hill_n laticzow_n laticzow_n well_o fortify_v against_o incursion_n with_o a_o adjoin_a castle_n and_o warlike_a inhatant_n bar._n bar_n a_o city_n build_v and_o palisadoe_v round_o by_o buona_n daughter_n of_o john_n sforza_n duke_n of_o milan_n and_o queen_n to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n so_o name_v it_o
and_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o chelm_fw-ge and_o crasnistaw_fw-mi in_o both_o which_o be_v these_o city_n and_o town_n viz._n chelm_fw-ge bish_n cap._n crasnistaw_fw-mi zamoisk_n ratno_n lynbowlya_n rozana_n vlodavia_n scebresin_n turobin_n tamogrod_n tomasow_n and_o ctesow_n of_o the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v chelm_fw-ge chelm_fw-ge a_o small_a city_n defend_v with_o a_o castle_n the_o outwork_n whereof_o be_v make_v of_o wood._n it_o lie_v about_o ten_o mile_n from_o lublin_n to_o the_o east_n twenty_o four_o from_o premistaw_fw-mi to_o the_o north_n and_o twelve_o from_o belsko_n it_o have_v be_v sack_v and_o burn_v by_o the_o muscovite_n and_o tartar_n during_o the_o late_a war_n which_o occasion_v the_o residence_n of_o its_o bishop_n to_o be_v translate_v to_o crasnistaw_fw-mi nevertheless_o a_o oriental_a or_o russian_a bishop_n still_o reside_v there_o crasnistaw_fw-mi crasnistaw_fw-mi a_o wall_a town_n upon_o the_o river_n vepre_n where_o the_o bishop_n of_o chelm_fw-ge at_n present_n have_v his_o residence_n in_o a_o palace_n of_o modern_a architecture_n near_o this_o place_n the_o archduke_n maximilian_n when_o he_o come_v with_o a_o army_n to_o seize_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v shameful_o repulse_v by_o john_n zamoiski_n who_o immediate_o afterward_o build_v a_o town_n in_o that_o neighbourhood_n call_v it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n zamoisk_n zamoisk_n well_o defend_v by_o high_a wall_n deep_a ditch_n and_o other_o strong_a fortification_n after_o the_o modern_a manner_n he_o likewise_o build_v a_o fair_a cathedral_n here_o and_o enrich_v it_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n also_o a_o noble_a academy_n furnish_v with_o learned_a master_n from_o the_o famous_a university_n of_o cracow_n this_o person_n be_v so_o great_a a_o favourer_n of_o learning_n that_o not_o only_o zamoisk_v but_o also_o several_a other_o place_n of_o the_o province_n of_o russia_n find_v the_o effect_n of_o his_o bounty_n ratno_n ratno_n a_o wooden_a town_n build_v among_o the_o marsh_n with_o a_o castle_n wash_v by_o the_o river_n perepet_n on_o one_o side_n and_o defend_v on_o the_o other_o by_o a_o bog_n and_o the_o niester_n it_o lie_v about_o twenty_o four_o mile_n from_o chelm_fw-ge lynbowlya_n lynbowlya_n a_o town_n upon_o the_o bug_n with_o a_o tolerable_o fortify_v castle_n chelm_fw-ge the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o bishop_n and_o castellan_n of_o chelm_fw-ge arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o bear_n argent_fw-fr passant_a between_o three_o tree_n proper_a in_o a_o field_n or._n province_n the_o five_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v masovia_n situate_v almost_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o bound_v on_o the_o north_n bound_n by_o prussia_n on_o the_o east_n by_o lithuania_n on_o the_o south_n by_o upper_a poland_n and_o on_o the_o west_n by_o lower_n poland_n it_o be_v former_o govern_v by_o its_o own_o prince_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1526_o by_o the_o death_n of_o its_o duke_n john_n and_o stanislaus_n that_o duchy_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n the_o inhabitant_n inhabitant_n hereof_o be_v general_o warlike_a they_o speak_v the_o same_o language_n with_o the_o pole_n only_o they_o differ_v in_o some_o few_o guttural_a accent_n their_o manner_n habit_n and_o religion_n be_v much_o the_o same_o this_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o palatinate_n which_o be_v division_n the_o palatinate_v of_o masovia_n proper_o so_o call_v ploczkow_n and_o dobrina_n palatinate_n the_o first_o palatinate_n of_o this_o province_n be_v that_o of_o masovia_n proper_o so_o call_v which_o in_o spiritual_a matter_n be_v subject_n only_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o posnan_n but_o in_o temporal_a be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o warsaw_n wisna_n cyrna_n zembrow_n nuren_n wissegrod_n zakrow_n cickanow_n lombze_n rozan_n makow_n and_o liw_n in_o all_o which_o the_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n be_v those_o of_o the_o same_o name_n with_o the_o district_n add_v moreover_o these_o follow_v viz._n pultovia_n czerniensk_n czersko_n akroczim_n varka_o blonye_n pultowsko_n tarcin_n grodzyec_n prasniz_n garvolinia_n vengrovia_n stanislanovia_n broc_n viskow_n and_o seroicz_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o which_o and_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n be_v warsaw_n warsaw_n defend_v with_o a_o castle_n wall_z and_o ditch_n seat_v in_o a_o plain_a in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o pitch_v upon_o for_o the_o convening_n of_o the_o diet._n it_o lie_v upon_o the_o river_n vistula_n in_o the_o 43_o d_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o 52_o of_o latitude_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n viz._n the_o old_a and_o new_a town_n with_o the_o suburb_n of_o cracow_n and_o prag_n this_o city_n be_v adorn_v with_o divers_a stately_a pile_n of_o building_n particular_o a_o spacious_a foursquare_a palace_n found_v by_o sigismond_n iii_o and_o much_o improve_v by_o his_o successor_n where_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n most_o common_o reside_v opposite_a to_o this_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n stand_v another_o royal_a palace_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o delightful_a grove_n and_o garden_n build_v by_o vladislaus_n vii_o and_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o viasdow_n where_o the_o state_n or_o diet_n of_o poland_n former_o use_v to_o sit_v and_o debate_v the_o most_o important_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v moreover_o the_o palace_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n as_o likewise_o a_o very_a stately_a one_o build_v by_o count_n morstin_n great_a treasurer_n of_o poland_n also_o a_o league_n from_o this_o city_n king_n john_n sobieski_n build_v a_o neat_a country_n palace_n by_o the_o name_n of_o villa_n nova_n the_o other_o public_a edifice_n be_v no_o less_o remarkable_a be_v the_o church_n of_o st._n john_n baptist_n where_o secular_a canon_n officiate_v the_o arsenal_n castle_n market-place_n etc._n etc._n divers_a kind_n of_o merchandize_n be_v convey_v hither_o along_o a_o river_n from_o the_o neighbour_a province_n and_o from_o hence_o carry_v to_o dantzic_n to_o be_v transport_v into_o foreign_a country_n in_o the_o suburb_n of_o cracow_n be_v a_o small_a chapel_n build_v on_o purpose_n for_o the_o burial_n of_o john_n demetrius_n suski_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n who_o die_v prisoner_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o gostinin_n together_o with_o his_o two_o brother_n this_o city_n be_v take_v by_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o and_o be_v scarce_o three_o polish_v miles_n distant_a from_o lesser_n poland_n about_o twenty_o four_o from_o lanschet_fw-mi as_o many_o north-east_n of_o lublin_n twenty_o nine_o southeast_n of_o thorn_n thirty_o to_o the_o north_n from_o sendomir_n thirty_o three_o west_n of_o gnesna_n and_o forty_o to_o the_o north-east_n from_o cracow_n and_o posnan_n wisna_n wisna_n a_o town_n in_o a_o plain_a near_o the_o river_n narew_n with_o a_o castle_n upon_o a_o adjoin_a hill_n wissegrod_n wissegrod_n a_o wooden_a town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a near_o the_o vistula_n with_o a_o considerable_a castle_n it_o lie_v about_o twelve_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n ciekanow_n ciekanow_n about_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o warsaw_n be_v a_o town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a likewise_o with_o a_o castle_n among_o the_o marsh_n lombze_v lombze_v a_o large_a city_n upon_o the_o navigable_a river_n narew_n consist_v of_o fair_a building_n and_o about_o twenty_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n rozan_n rozan_n a_o town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a near_o the_o river_n narew_n liw_n liw_n a_o timber-built_a town_n with_o a_o castle_n found_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n liwijecz_n pultovia_n pultovia_n famous_a for_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o plosko_fw-mi it_o be_v a_o town_n build_v with_o brick_n with_o a_o good_a castle_n and_o some_o other_o tolerable_a edifice_n czerniensk_n czerniensk_n a_o large_a wooden_a town_n build_v on_o the_o vistula_n akroczim_n akroczim_n a_o wooden_a town_n likewise_o seat_v on_o the_o vistula_n with_o a_o castle_n it_o be_v about_o eight_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n varka_o varka_o a_o large_a town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a near_o the_o river_n pilza_n and_o about_o eight_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n another_o way_n blonye_n blonye_n a_o town_n about_o four_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n pultowsko_n pultowsko_fw-mi a_o wall_v town_n with_o a_o castle_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n narew_n tarcin_n tarcin_n a_o timber-built_a town_n about_o five_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n grodzyec_fw-la grodzyec_fw-la about_o seven_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n and_o two_o from_o tarcin_n prasniz_n prasniz_n a_o large_a town_n intermix_v with_o a_o great_a many_o fair_a stone_n edifice_n masovia_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatine_a of_o masovia_n the_o castellan_n of_o cyrna_n warsaw_n wisna_n wissegrod_n zakrow_n ciekanow_n and_o liw_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o eagle_n expanded_a argent_fw-fr in_o a_o field_n
i_o myself_o command_v for_o near_o ten_o year_n this_o place_n lie_v about_o fourscore_o mile_n from_o vilna_n and_o have_v former_o a_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o orsha_n orsha_n a_o large_a wooden_a city_n defend_v on_o one_o side_n with_o sharp_a and_o strong_a palisado_n and_o on_o the_o other_o by_o the_o river_n boristhenes_n together_o with_o a_o stone_n castle_n wash_v by_o the_o river_n orshicza_n this_o place_n lie_v about_o eighteen_o mile_n from_o witebsko_n mohilow_n mohilow_n a_o very_a large_a market-town_n much_o frequent_v by_o the_o moscovite_n whence_o they_o transmit_v their_o fir_n into_o poland_n and_o germany_n czasniki_n czasniki_n a_o wood-built_a town_n lie_v on_o the_o river_n vla_n sienno_n sienno_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n about_o six_o mile_n from_o czasniki_n leplo_fw-la leplo_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n well_o defend_v situate_a on_o a_o lake_n and_o about_o seven_o mile_n from_o czasniki_n woroniec_fw-la woroniec_fw-la a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n lie_v upon_o the_o river_n vsacza_n and_o about_o three_o mile_n from_o polocz_n vitebsko_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o vitebsko_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n in_o a_o field_n vert._n palatinate_n the_o four_o palatinate_n of_o lithuanic-russia_n be_v that_o of_o minski_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o minski_n and_o borissow_n in_o both_o which_o be_v these_o several_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n minski_n cap._n borissow_n koidanow_n radoskowice_n lohoisko_n swislocz_n bobroisko_n odruczko_n smolniany_n and_o turkow_n of_o the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v minski_n minski_n a_o large_a timber-built_a city_n with_o a_o double_a wall_n a_o strong_a castle_n and_o a_o very_a deep_a ditch_n with_o other_o fortification_n it_o be_v wash_v by_o a_o river_n that_o turn_v a_o great_a many_o mill_n it_o be_v former_o the_o custom_n in_o russia_n under_o who_o dominion_n this_o palatinate_n be_v when_o this_o city_n be_v build_v to_o fortify_v their_o principal_a town_n with_o a_o double_a wall_n and_o two_o castle_n here_o former_o the_o diet_n be_v keep_v alternative_o with_o vilna_n and_o novogrodeck_n borissow_n borissow_n a_o wooden_a town_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n beresina_n which_o have_v a_o castle_n well_o fortify_v it_o lie_v about_o forty_o mile_n from_o vilna_n and_o have_v in_o it_o a_o good_a garrison_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o moscovite_n koidanow_n koidanow_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n about_o twenty_o five_o mile_n from_o vilna_n radoskowice_n radoskowice_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n where_o sigismundus_n augustus_n muster_v above_o 100000_o man_n at_o once_o in_o the_o year_n 1568._o lohoisko_n lohoisko_n a_o town_n and_o castle_n about_o eight_o mile_n from_o borissow_n swislocz_n swislocz_n a_o town_n situate_a upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n bobroisko_n bobroisko_n a_o town_n lie_v on_o the_o river_n beresina_n odruczko_n odruczko_n a_o town_n and_o castle_n which_o former_o give_v name_n to_o a_o duchy_n whereof_o several_a noble_a russian_n have_v the_o title_n minski_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o minski_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o same_o with_o lithuania_n only_o a_o m_n place_v sideways_o palatinate_n the_o five_o palatinate_n of_o lithuanic-russia_n be_v that_o of_o polocz_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o polocz_n and_o vsacz_n in_o both_o which_o be_v these_o city_n and_o town_n viz._n polocz_n cap._n vsacz_n or_o vsalza_n disna_n drissa_n druha_n starzitia_n and_o volisia_n of_o the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v polocz_n polocz_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n duna_n or_o dwina_n it_o be_v former_o a_o city_n very_o considerable_a but_o in_o the_o year_n 1562_o john_n basilowitz_n great_a duke_n of_o moscovy_n take_v it_o and_o carry_v most_o of_o its_o inhabitant_n away_o prisoner_n this_o place_n remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o moscovite_n to_o the_o year_n 1579_o when_o stephen_n batori_fw-mi recover_v it_o together_o with_o its_o whole_a territory_n it_o be_v former_o a_o duchy_n and_o subject_n only_o to_o its_o own_o prince_n here_o at_o present_a reside_v a_o russian_a prelate_n the_o jesuit_n also_o have_v a_o very_a fair_a foundation_n in_o this_o city_n build_v and_o endow_v by_o stephen_n batori_n usacz_n vsacz_n distant_a about_o three_o polish_v miles_n from_o polocz_n and_o situate_v on_o a_o river_n of_o its_o own_o name_n disna_n disna_n build_v on_o the_o duna_n and_o tolerable_o fortify_v it_o lie_v about_o six_o mile_n from_o polocz_n and_o forty_o from_o vilna_n druha_n druha_n upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n polocz_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o polocz_n arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n with_o a_o p_o â—_o sideways_o place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o coat_n have_v thus_o sir_n describe_v to_o you_o the_o present_a extent_n and_o chief_a town_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n it_o will_v seem_v requisite_a as_o usual_a to_o give_v you_o a_o particular_a character_n of_o this_o nation_n but_o have_v a_o design_n to_o proceed_v to_o a_o second_o volume_n of_o this_o undertake_n where_o i_o will_v examine_v into_o the_o genius_n manner_n and_o custom_n of_o both_o pole_n and_o lithuanian_n at_o present_a i_o can_v only_o take_v notice_n that_o to_o jagellâ—â—'s_n time_n be_v the_o fourteen_o the_o century_n the_o lithuanian_a be_v pagan_n and_o worship_v many_o god_n or_o rather_o devil_n first_o they_o pay_v divine_a adoration_n to_o fire_n which_o they_o call_v in_o their_o language_n znicz_n signify_v sacred_a and_o keep_v it_o always_o alight_v in_o some_o of_o their_o most_o famous_a to_n for_o thiâ—â—_n end_n they_o assign_v several_a priest_n by_o who_o neglect_n or_o otherwise_o if_o ever_o it_o come_v to_o be_v extinguish_v they_o be_v immediate_o behead_v next_o they_o worship_v thunder_n call_z it_o in_o the_o sclavonian_a tongue_n perunum_n also_o they_o have_v divers_a grove_n where_o they_o pray_v to_o tall_a straight_a tree_n which_o they_o hold_v it_o sacrilege_n but_o to_o touch_v the_o devil_n or_o rather_o the_o cunning_a priest_n it_o seem_v be_v so_o politic_a in_o those_o day_n as_o to_o promote_v all_o these_o superstition_n by_o frightning_n these_o idolater_n when_o they_o offer_v in_o the_o least_o to_o forsake_v they_o when_o the_o sky_n be_v cloud_v they_o be_v of_o opinion_n the_o sun_n be_v angry_a with_o they_o and_o therefore_o use_v their_o utmost_a art_n to_o appease_v he_o by_o prayer_n music_n etc._n etc._n they_o likewise_o believe_v serpent_n to_o be_v god_n which_o be_v their_o lares_fw-la or_o domestic_a deity_n and_o therefore_o each_o family_n keep_v one_o in_o their_o house_n to_o which_o they_o daily_o sacrifice_v milk_n fowl_n and_o the_o like_a and_o one_o of_o which_o if_o they_o happen_v at_o any_o time_n to_o offend_v they_o look_v upon_o it_o to_o be_v a_o omen_n of_o destruction_n to_o their_o whole_a progeny_n they_o have_v also_o a_o set_a time_n appoint_v for_o a_o solemn_a sacrifice_n be_v about_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n when_o together_o with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n they_o feast_v riotous_o for_o three_o day_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o in_o samogitia_n upon_o their_o return_n from_o the_o war_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o sacrifice_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o their_o captive_n with_o all_o their_o booty_n to_o the_o fire_n they_o use_v to_o burn_v their_o dead_a with_o all_o their_o rich_a ornament_n on_o which_o they_o wear_v whilst_o live_v together_o with_o one_o of_o their_o most_o faithful_a servant_n their_o horse_n arm_n dog_n etc._n etc._n whilst_o all_o their_o relation_n and_o friend_n bring_v milk_n honey_n beer_n and_o the_o like_a and_o merry_o feast_v and_o dance_v about_o their_o funeral-pile_n to_o music_n of_o various_a kind_n all_o these_o pagan_a superstition_n and_o error_n jagello_n after_o he_o become_v christian_a in_o great_a measure_n abolish_v to_o effect_v which_o he_o together_o with_o his_o queen_n hedwigis_fw-la the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n a_o vast_a number_n of_o priest_n and_o several_a other_o learned_a man_n go_v into_o lithuania_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o lent_n in_o the_o year_n 1387_o where_o at_o vilna_n he_o first_o cause_v the_o sacred_a fire_n to_o be_v extinguish_v and_o the_o place_n wherein_o it_o be_v keep_v to_o be_v convert_v into_o the_o church_n of_o st._n stanislaus_n then_o he_o proceed_v to_o kill_v the_o serpent_n cut_v down_o the_o grove_n pull_v down_o their_o altar_n and_o the_o like_a which_o the_o poor_a bigoted_a lithuanian_n wonder_v at_o cry_v
his_o death_n suentopelus_n declare_v himself_o duke_n of_o pomerania_n and_o conrade_n and_o 111._o call_v into_o poland_n the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n poland_n order_n who_o be_v then_o banish_v out_o of_o syria_n by_o the_o saracen_n and_o settle_v in_o germany_n to_o help_v he_o against_o the_o prussian_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o make_v frequent_a incursion_n into_o his_o country_n to_o who_o for_o recompense_n he_o give_v the_o territory_n of_o culm_n and_o some_o other_o small_a place_n on_o condition_n they_o shall_v act_v vigorous_o against_o the_o prussian_n but_o after_o they_o have_v conquer_v those_o people_n they_o be_v to_o resign_v culm_n etc._n etc._n and_o have_v the_o half_a of_o their_o conquest_n to_o themselves_o these_o auxiliary_a troop_n prove_v afterward_o very_o pernicious_a to_o poland_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o many_o bloody_a war_n in_o that_o country_n this_o agreement_n between_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o cross_n as_o they_o be_v likewise_o call_v and_o conrade_n be_v approve_v and_o confirm_v by_o pope_n gregory_n ix_o in_o the_o year_n 1228._o in_o a_o short_a time_n these_o knight_n effect_v what_o they_o undertake_v this_o lescus_n lie_v bury_v in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o cracow_n and_o leave_v behind_o he_o a_o young_a son_n 1228._o boleslaus_n v._o surname_v the_o chaste_a who_o guardian_n he_o order_v to_o be_v his_o brother_n conrade_n and_o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n his_o cousin_n this_o young_a prince_n notwithstanding_o the_o many_o intrigue_n and_o cabal_n conrade_n form_v against_o he_o who_o design_v to_o make_v himself_o king_n be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1228_o and_o reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1278._o he_o marry_v cunigunda_fw-la daughter_n marriage_n to_o bela_n king_n of_o hungary_n but_o after_o they_o be_v bed_v he_o have_v not_o the_o courage_n to_o consummate_v the_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o by_o mutual_a consent_n both_o make_v a_o vow_n of_o chastity_n tartar_n 116._o it_o be_v in_o this_o prince_n reign_n the_o tartar_n make_v their_o first_o eruption_n into_o poland_n whereof_o there_o be_v three_o at_o several_a time_n in_o the_o first_o they_o ravage_v all_o the_o country_n about_o lublin_n and_o russia_n and_o carry_v away_o a_o incredible_a number_n of_o prisoner_n with_o great_a riches_n in_o the_o second_o they_o return_v with_o more_o fury_n and_o not_o be_v content_v with_o the_o plunder_n of_o poland_n spread_v likewise_o all_o over_o silesia_n where_o near_o lignitz_n they_o entire_o defeat_v the_o confederate_a army_n of_o the_o christian_n wherein_o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n boleslaus_n son_n to_o the_o trouble_n duke_n of_o moravia_n pompo_n great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n and_o several_a other_o person_n of_o note_n be_v kill_v 119._o the_o number_n of_o dead_a body_n be_v so_o incredible_a that_o they_o fill_v nine_o great_a sack_n with_o the_o christian_n ear_n cut_v off_o each_o head_n but_o one_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o hannibal_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o cannae_n fill_v several_a bushel_n with_o the_o ring_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o finger_n of_o the_o roman_a knight_n only_o that_o be_v there_o kill_v boleslaus_n have_v not_o the_o courage_n to_o march_v in_o person_n against_o the_o tartar_n when_o they_o come_v a_o second_o time_n to_o invade_v he_o but_o retire_v with_o hungary_n his_o court_n into_o hungary_n and_o thereby_o leave_v his_o subject_n to_o the_o mercy_n of_o their_o enemy_n which_o base_a action_n the_o pole_n be_v extreme_o offend_v at_o intend_v to_o have_v elect_v a_o new_a king_n whereupon_o boleslaus_n son_n to_o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n that_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o battle_n afterward_o be_v name_v but_o conrade_n vigorous_o oppose_v he_o and_o pretend_v to_o have_v more_o right_o the_o gentry_n to_o prevent_v civil_a war_n recall_v their_o former_a king_n bolestaus_fw-la from_o return_v hungary_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n conrade_n die_v not_o long_o after_o the_o tartar_n together_o with_o the_o lithuanian_n which_o be_v hitherto_o pagan_n make_v incursion_n a_o three_o time_n into_o poland_n when_o they_o pillage_v the_o country_n up_o as_o far_o as_o cracow_n which_o city_n meet_v with_o no_o body_n in_o it_o to_o resist'em_v they_o both_o plunder_v and_o burn_v afterward_o they_o go_v to_o vratislaw_n which_o they_o find_v war_n ready_o fire_v to_o their_o hand_n for_o the_o townsman_n have_v have_v timely_a notice_n of_o the_o come_n of_o the_o barbarian_n have_v get_v all_o their_o treasure_n together_o and_o flee_v whilst_o the_o soldier_n distrust_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o place_n and_o sear_v it_o may_v become_v a_o prey_n to_o the_o enemy_n set_v fire_n to_o it_o and_o retire_v into_o the_o castle_n which_o have_v great_o incense_v the_o tartar_n they_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n with_o all_o imaginable_a vigour_n and_o will_v soon_o have_v take_v it_o have_v they_o not_o be_v fright_v from_o before_o it_o by_o a_o prodigy_n during_o this_o boleslaus_n march_v in_o person_n against_o the_o lithuanian_n who_o he_o overthrow_v and_o kill_v their_o duke_n mindacus_n the_o prussian_n likewise_o be_v yet_o pagan_n side_v with_o the_o lithuanian_n when_o the_o teutonick_n order_n which_o be_v then_o settle_v in_o prussia_n call_v to_o their_o assistance_n 103._o ottocarus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n who_o quick_o reduce_v the_o prussian_n and_o the_o better_a build_v to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_o build_v a_o fort_n call_v koningsberg_n or_o royal_a hill_n boleslaus_n be_v a_o pious_a and_o good_a prince_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o cracow_n in_o a_o monastery_n found_v death_n by_o himself_o he_o build_v other_o religious_a house_n and_o reign_v near_o 50_o year_n and_o have_v make_v a_o vow_n of_o chastity_n leave_v no_o child_n wherefore_o his_o uncle_n son_n by_o the_o father_n 1279._o lescus_n vi_o surname_v the_o black_a succeed_v he_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1279_o and_o reign_v only_o to_o the_o year_n 1289._o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o russian_n summon_v by_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o tartar_n make_v incursion_n into_o war_n poland_n under_o command_n of_o leo_n their_o duke_n but_o be_v defeat_v first_o by_o varsias_n the_o king_n general_n and_o afterward_o be_v beat_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o out_o of_o a_o village_n where_o they_o have_v entrench_v themselves_o which_o from_o that_o call_v general_n be_v name_n have_v be_v since_o call_v 136._o leopol_n and_o be_v now_o a_o sine_fw-la city_n upon_o this_o defeat_n the_o enemy_n be_v force_v to_o retire_v with_o great_a loss_n not_o long_o after_o they_o return_v again_o but_o more_o to_o their_o prejudice_n than_o in_o the_o former_a irruption_n for_o then_o though_o their_o army_n consist_v of_o a_o prodigious_a number_n of_o man_n and_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o mastiff_n dog_n train_v up_o to_o war_n yet_o be_v they_o a_o second_o time_n rout_v by_o lescus_n insomuch_o that_o a_o certain_a people_n call_v jazyges_n who_o then_o inhabit_v a_o part_n of_o lithuania_n and_o come_v only_o to_o plunder_v in_o poland_n be_v so_o total_o destroy_v that_o there_o remain_v nothing_o leave_v of_o they_o except_o the_o name_n but_o at_o length_n the_o tartar_n make_v another_o irruption_n have_v better_a success_n for_o they_o not_o only_o vanquish_v lescus_n but_o also_o carry_v away_o beside_o man_n marry_a woman_n and_o child_n above_o twenty_o thousand_o maid_n into_o captivity_n insurrection_n after_o this_o defeat_n a_o insurrection_n be_v raise_v against_o lescus_n by_o paul_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n for_o that_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a lescus_n have_v keep_v he_o about_o a_o month_n in_o prison_n hereupon_o conrade_n duke_n of_o masovia_n be_v invite_v to_o accept_v the_o crown_n who_o come_v into_o poland_n for_o that_o purpose_n be_v meet_v at_o sendomir_n by_o general_n varsias_n paul_n the_o bishop_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o nobility_n upon_o this_o lescus_n perceive_v himself_o forsake_v flee_v into_o hungary_n hungary_n to_o king_n vladislaus_n but_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n still_o bear_v a_o respect_n to_o he_o continue_v loyal_a and_o prepare_v to_o sustain_v a_o siege_n whereupon_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o surrender_v their_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v treaâ—â—berous_a to_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n lescus_n but_o will_v defend_v his_o right_n to_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o their_o blood_n hereat_o the_o noble_n be_v grievous_o nettle_v resolve_v to_o sit_v down_o with_o their_o army_n before_o that_o city_n but_o upon_o their_o approach_n find_v it_o empty_a the_o inhabitant_n be_v retire_v into_o the_o castle_n they_o set_v sire_n to_o it_o think_v by_o those_o mean_n to_o bring_v the_o enemy_n soon_o to_o a_o compliance_n this_o do_v lescus_n have_v obtain_v a_o considerable_a army_n of_o king_n vladislaus_n be_v march_v direct_o towards_o cracow_n to_o relieve_v his_o
war_n into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o their_o country_n plunder_v and_o destroy_v wherever_o he_o come_v in_o this_o expedition_n he_o get_v from_o they_o above_o twenty_o great_a city_n and_o province_n such_o as_o polotia_n sokola_n sussa_n krasna_n vsviata_n sitna_n jeseriscia_n kossiano_n nescerda_n all_o the_o duchy_n of_o plotia_n lukis_n nevela_n zavolotia_n ostrovia_n etc._n etc._n all_o this_o put_v the_o poor_a muscovite_n into_o such_o a_o fright_n that_o they_o immediate_o dispatch_v a_o 59_o ambassador_n to_o the_o pope_n to_o give_v he_o hope_n that_o if_o he_o can_v prevail_v upon_o the_o pole_n to_o withdraw_v their_o army_n out_o of_o their_o country_n and_o make_v a_o honourable_a peace_n with_o they_o they_o will_v all_o submit_v to_o the_o roman_a church_n this_o your_o grace_n may_v imagine_v soon_o put_v the_o holy_a father_n upon_o a_o pious_a stratagem_n for_o he_o send_v his_o nuncio_n possevinus_n to_o assure_v the_o czar_n that_o he_o will_v employ_v all_o his_o interest_n in_o his_o behalf_n whereupon_o the_o pole_n have_v besiege_v pleskow_n the_o strong_a town_n in_o muscovy_n with_o ill_a success_n and_o moreover_o have_v lose_v above_o forty_o thousand_o man_n during_o the_o war_n at_o length_n through_o the_o prudent_a management_n of_o possevinus_n 1582._o they_o agree_v to_o a_o suspension_n of_o arm_n for_o ten_o year_n and_o far_o that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n shall_v restore_v to_o muscovy_n all_o the_o province_n and_o town_n he_o have_v take_v in_o this_o war_n and_o that_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o czar_n shall_v give_v up_o to_o the_o king_n all_o livonia_n yet_o the_o czar_n make_v no_o alteration_n in_o his_o greek_a religion_n as_o he_o have_v make_v the_o pope_n believe_v he_o design_v to_o do_v thus_o end_v the_o war_n with_o muscovy_n which_o be_v like_a to_o have_v prove_v so_o fatal_a to_o that_o country_n etc._n the_o tartar_n dare_v not_o make_v any_o incursion_n into_o poland_n during_o his_o reign_n and_o their_o cham_n have_v send_v ambassador_n thither_o to_o demand_v the_o tribute_n former_o pay_v they_o for_o transylvania_n he_o dismiss_v their_o embassy_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o indignation_n declare_v he_o will_v pay_v tribute_n to_o no_o man._n the_o turk_n likewise_o show_v great_a deference_n for_o this_o prince_n for_o he_o never_o make_v any_o hostility_n in_o transylvania_n while_o batori_n govern_v there_o but_o his_o nephew_n be_v elect_v prince_n of_o that_o country_n the_o port_n will_v have_v augment_v their_o tribute_n but_o batori_n espouse_v his_o cause_n by_o a_o embassy_n to_o the_o grand_a signior_n the_o port_n choose_v rather_o to_o be_v content_v with_o little_a than_o to_o hazard_v the_o lose_n of_o all_o by_o disoblige_v so_o powerful_a a_o prince_n all_o that_o huge_a tract_n of_o land_n above_o three_o hundred_o mile_n long_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o above_o a_o hundred_o broad_a from_o south_n to_o north_n be_v for_o fifty_o year_n before_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o pole_n it_o be_v call_v by_o one_o general_a name_n vkraina_n call_v which_o in_o the_o selavonian_a language_n signify_v a_o ibid._n frontier_n serve_v for_o bound_n betwixt_o they_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n this_o vast_a and_o fertile_a country_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o great_a province_n volhynia_n and_o podolia_n of_o volhynia_n the_o capital_a town_n be_v kiovia_n build_v on_o the_o borysthenes_n which_o be_v former_o as_o they_o say_v one_o of_o the_o large_a in_o europe_n it_o ancient_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o russia_n but_o now_o be_v entire_o ruin_v between_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n the_o capital_a town_n of_o podolia_n be_v caminiec_fw-la a_o fortify_v city_n build_v on_o a_o rock_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o vkraina_n cosack_n be_v common_o call_v 326._o cosack_n which_o in_o the_o sclavonian_a language_n signify_v robber_n at_o first_o they_o be_v peasant_n that_o come_v from_o russia_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n settle_v in_o the_o island_n of_o the_o river_n boristhenes_n and_o who_o afterward_o spread_v all_o over_o vkraina_n and_o live_v on_o robbery_n for_o they_o use_v to_o make_v inroad_n into_o tartary_n and_o turkey_n plunder_v trebisond_n and_o sinope_n and_o ravage_v even_o up_o to_o the_o gate_n of_o constantinople_n they_o also_o use_v to_o pirate_n on_o the_o black_a sea_n and_o have_v be_v very_o useful_a to_o the_o pole_n when_o they_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n against_o the_o infidel_n i_o can_v compare_v they_o to_o no_o people_n better_o than_o to_o the_o miquelet_n of_o spain_n or_o highlander_n of_o scotland_n 3._o king_n stephen_n to_o make_v this_o people_n more_o serviceable_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n put_v they_o discipline_n under_o a_o good_a discipline_n order_v they_o officer_n and_o a_o general_n and_o moreover_o give_v they_o the_o town_n of_o techtimoravia_n upon_o the_o river_n boristhenes_n which_o they_o make_v a_o magazine_n as_o also_o the_o place_n of_o residence_n for_o their_o governor_n to_o be_v a_o bulwark_n against_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o frequent_o infest_a they_o he_o endow_v they_o likewise_o with_o many_o privilege_n for_o all_o which_o they_o afterward_o do_v he_o considerable_a service_n it_o will_v not_o here_o be_v amiss_o to_o give_v your_o grace_n some_o far_a account_n of_o this_o people_n who_o be_v often_o much_o talk_v of_o and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o very_o little_o know_v 7._o name_n alberto_n vimina_fw-la in_o his_o civil_a war_n of_o poland_n say_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o sclavonian_a word_n coza_n which_o signify_v a_o goat_n and_o this_o either_o because_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v clothe_v with_o garment_n of_o goat_n hair_n or_o that_o they_o live_v like_o goat-herd_n in_o hut_n or_o else_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o skip_v about_o like_o goat_n and_o find_v no_o country_n of_o too_o difficult_a access_n for_o they_o dominion_n the_o country_n they_o first_o possess_v be_v not_o above_o eighteen_o league_n on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o borysthenes_n not_o far_o from_o the_o place_n where_o ovid_n be_v send_v into_o banishment_n and_o where_o they_o affirm_v be_v a_o castle_n still_o that_o go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o ovidova_n where_o ovid_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v bury_v this_o vimina_fw-la say_v he_o do_v not_o at_o all_o discredit_n the_o country_n agree_v with_o a_o passage_n of_o ovid_n in_o his_o elegy_n write_v to_o rufinus_n non_fw-fr ager_n hic_fw-la pomum_fw-la non_fw-la dulces_fw-la educat_fw-la uvas_fw-la non_fw-la salices_fw-la ripa_n robora_fw-la monte_fw-fr virent_fw-la neve_n fretum_fw-la laudes_fw-la terra_fw-la magis_fw-la aequora_fw-la semper_fw-la ventorum_fw-la rabie_fw-la solibus_fw-la orba_fw-la tument_fw-la and_o the_o fierceness_n of_o the_o people_n describe_v by_o ovid_n in_o another_o place_n increase_v his_o opinion_n maxima_fw-la pars_fw-la hominum_fw-la nec_fw-la te_fw-la pulchorrima_fw-la curate_n roma_fw-la nec_fw-la ausonii_fw-la militis_fw-la arma_fw-la timet_fw-la notwithstanding_o all_o this_o we_o must_v not_o pretend_v to_o derive_v this_o modern_a people_n from_o antiquity_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o be_v at_o first_o a_o body_n of_o vagabond_n that_o flee_v from_o justice_n into_o this_o country_n where_o they_o live_v only_o upon_o fish_v and_o hunt_v and_o at_o last_o as_o now_o upon_o piracy_n and_o robbery_n extent_n etc._n the_o present_a extent_n of_o their_o country_n be_v much_o large_a than_o former_o for_o now_o it_o reach_v 100_o league_n in_o length_n and_o above_o 40_o in_o breadth_n they_o report_v the_o grass_n here_o general_o grow_v so_o high_a that_o a_o man_n on_o horseback_n be_v easy_o hide_v under_o it_o this_o country_n abound_v so_o with_o all_o sort_n of_o grain_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n know_v not_o what_o to_o do_v with_o it_o their_o river_n be_v shallow_a and_o therefore_o not_o capable_a to_o transport_v it_o to_o other_o place_n they_o have_v also_o all_o sort_n of_o beast_n fish_n and_o fowl_n with_o most_o other_o necessary_n except_o wine_n and_o salt_n whereof_o the_o first_o come_v from_o hungary_n transilvania_n valachia_n and_o moldavia_n and_o the_o second_o be_v fetch_v from_o the_o mine_n of_o poland_n building_n 3._o the_o house_n of_o this_o country_n be_v general_o of_o wood_n build_v in_o like_a manner_n as_o in_o muscovy_n and_o poland_n and_o rare_o above_o one_o story_n high_a the_o wall_n of_o their_o town_n be_v most_o common_o make_v of_o earth_n keep_v up_o with_o stake_n and_o plank_n such_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o cannon_n character_n 32._o the_o inhabitant_n of_o vkraina_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n robu_v and_o strong_a generous_a and_o great_a despiser_n of_o covetousness_n inconceivable_a lover_n of_o liberty_n and_o impatient_a under_o the_o mild_a slavery_n they_o be_v likewise_o indefatigable_a bold_a and_o brave_a but_o withal_o excessive_a
who_o both_o put_v in_o for_o the_o crown_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o have_v little_a or_o no_o interest_n the_o czar_n very_o blunt_o demand_v the_o crown_n or_o upon_o refusal_n threaten_v to_o come_v and_o force_v a_o compliance_n but_o george_n ragozzi_n seem_v to_o have_v recourse_n to_o a_o mild_a method_n yet_o though_o he_o offer_v his_o army_n of_o 30000_o man_n to_o the_o republic_n to_o assist_v they_o against_o their_o enemy_n he_o be_v suspect_v to_o have_v design_v it_o against_o they_o but_o at_o length_n the_o threat_n of_o the_o one_o and_o promise_v of_o the_o other_o have_v no_o better_a effect_n than_o that_o they_o be_v both_o equal_o despise_v and_o reject_v oppose_v the_o competitor_n that_o casimir_n expect_v least_o be_v prince_n charles_n ferdinand_n bishop_n of_o breslaw_n in_o silesia_n and_o ploczko_n in_o poland_n who_o solicit_v the_o crown_n for_o his_o brother_n but_o design_v it_o for_o himself_o it_o be_v believe_v he_o have_v write_v into_o sueden_n to_o engage_v the_o queen_n in_o his_o interest_n he_o have_v also_o lend_v a_o million_o to_o raise_v troop_n but_o this_o seem_v no_o extraordinary_a policy_n since_o his_o brother_n prince_n casimir_n have_v before_o be_v declare_a generalissimo_n of_o the_o army_n stanislaus_n zaremba_n bishop_n of_o kiovia_n be_v think_v to_o have_v give_v ferdinand_n this_o bad_a counsel_n think_v if_o he_o can_v advance_v that_o prince_n he_o may_v withal_o procure_v himself_o the_o chief_a dignity_n in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v then_o fourscore_o year_n old_a and_o therefore_o not_o likely_a to_o live_v long_o travel_n prince_n casimir_n have_v always_o show_v a_o uncommon_a virtue_n in_o all_o his_o action_n he_o love_v war_n and_o have_v ever_o a_o great_a inclination_n for_o travel_n whereupon_o in_o 1638_o he_o embark_v at_o genoa_n for_o spain_n with_o design_n to_o assist_v that_o kingdom_n against_o france_n but_o be_v take_v in_o provence_n he_o be_v keep_v two_o year_n till_o he_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o brother_n vladislaus_n by_o mean_n of_o a_o embassy_n send_v to_o the_o court_n of_o france_n this_o disgrace_n which_o happen_v to_o this_o prince_n do_v not_o hinder_v he_o from_o undertake_v other_o voyage_n for_o in_o 1643_o he_o leave_v poland_n a_o second_o time_n and_o pass_v by_o loretto_n become_v a_o jesuit_n there_o without_o acquaint_v the_o king_n his_o brother_n therewith_o to_o withdraw_v he_o honourable_o from_o this_o company_n and_o prevent_v the_o public_a from_o blame_v his_o inconstancy_n pope_n innocent_a the_o xth_o make_v he_o cardinal_n in_o 1646_o which_o dignity_n casimir_n see_v after_o resign_v for_o his_o brother_n son_n die_v in_o 1647_o and_o his_o brother_n be_v neither_o like_a to_o have_v any_o more_o child_n nor_o to_o live_v long_o he_o prudent_o bethink_v himself_o of_o other_o measure_n wherefore_o in_o 1647_o he_o send_v his_o renunciation_n to_o his_o holiness_n by_o francis_n fredt_n de_fw-fr moulinet_n a_o french_a gentleman_n a_o person_n he_o have_v always_o cherish_v and_o employ_v upon_o divers_a occasion_n and_o who_o approve_a fidelity_n make_v he_o often_o say_v that_o a_o prince_n be_v always_o better_o serve_v by_o stranger_n than_o by_o his_o own_o subject_n this_o retreat_n of_o casimir_n among_o the_o jesuit_n exclude_v give_v occasion_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o kiovia_n to_o labour_n at_o his_o exclusion_n in_o which_o he_o be_v zealous_o assist_v by_o the_o protestant_n who_o mortal_o hate_v that_o society_n this_o bishop_n likewise_o imagine_v he_o have_v get_v the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o gentry_n on_o his_o side_n who_o seem_v also_o dissatisfy_v with_o the_o jesuit_n but_o he_o be_v not_o a_o little_a mistake_v for_o prince_n casimir_n be_v the_o elder_a and_o king_n vladislaus_n his_o brother_n have_v recommend_v he_o by_o his_o will_n to_o the_o state_n the_o faction_n against_o he_o only_o retard_v his_o election_n for_o a_o few_o day_n the_o senate_n in_o that_o time_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o reconcile_v the_o two_o brother_n the_o 6_o of_o october_n begin_v the_o diet_n of_o election_n where_o almost_o all_o be_v unanimous_a and_o only_o study_v to_o hinder_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o cosack_n first_o john_n de_fw-fr torres_n archbishop_n of_o admit_v adrianople_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n the_o young_a marquis_n of_o grana_n ambassador_n from_o the_o emperor_n the_o count_n of_o arpajou_n ambassador_n extraordinary_n together_o with_o the_o viscount_n of_o bregi_n ambassador_n in_o ordinary_a from_o france_n recommend_v the_o interest_n of_o prince_n casimir_n whereupon_o the_o 29_o of_o the_o same_o month_n john_n tyskiewitz_n bishop_n of_o samogitia_n make_v a_o elegant_a harangue_n in_o his_o behalf_n allege_v the_o case_n of_o casimir_n the_o iid_n who_o have_v retire_v into_o the_o abbey_n of_o clunie_n but_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o exclude_v the_o throne_n the_o next_o day_n the_o minister_n of_o ragozzi_n prince_n of_o transylvania_n have_v audience_n who_o contrary_a to_o all_o expectation_n recommend_v prince_n casimir_n yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n insinuate_v that_o if_o they_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o elect_v he_o his_o master_n who_o have_v always_o have_v so_o sincere_a affection_n for_o poland_n will_v glad_o be_v their_o prince_n the_o diet_n although_o they_o detest_v his_o flattery_n yet_o express_v themselves_o grateful_a to_o his_o master_n for_o the_o kindness_n he_o have_v profess_v the_o 3d_o of_o november_n prince_n ferdinand_n ambassador_n be_v introduce_v with_o the_o bishop_n of_o kiovia_n at_o their_o head_n the_o proffer_v these_o make_v be_v receive_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o indifference_n but_o when_o the_o bishop_n begin_v to_o speak_v with_o disrespect_n of_o prince_n casimir_n he_o be_v soon_o silence_v by_o a_o universal_a confusion_n of_o voice_n which_o seem_v all_o to_o be_v against_o he_o whereupon_o prince_n ferdinand_n send_v forthwith_o his_o excuse_n and_o public_o resign_v his_o pretension_n to_o his_o brother_n which_o prevail_v so_o far_o upon_o casimir_n that_o he_o grant_v he_o his_o friendship_n and_o moreover_o make_v he_o a_o present_a of_o the_o principality_n of_o oppolen_a and_o ratibor_n in_o silesia_n and_o likewise_o reimbursed_a the_o charge_n he_o have_v be_v at_o to_o oppose_v he_o in_o his_o election_n which_o generous_a usage_n so_o influence_v ferdinand_n that_o he_o express_v less_o joy_n for_o all_o these_o noble_a present_n than_o sorrow_n for_o have_v be_v concern_v against_o so_o deserve_v a_o brother_n elect_v the_o 17_o begin_v the_o election_n when_o all_o obstacle_n be_v remove_v casimir_n have_v be_v proclaim_v the_o same_o day_n if_o his_o ambassador_n have_v sign_v the_o article_n propose_v to_o they_o but_o nevertheless_o on_o the_o 20_o he_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o throne_n on_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o his_o father_n sigismond_n marriage_n he_o marry_v by_o the_o pope_n dispensation_n the_o queen-dowager_n mary_n ludovica_n his_o brother_n queen_n she_o be_v a_o french_a lady_n and_o meddle_v too_o much_o with_o affair_n of_o state_n perhaps_o with_o design_n to_o promote_v a_o successor_n of_o her_o own_o country_n be_v think_v to_o have_v contribute_v in_o great_a measure_n towards_o the_o trouble_n which_o war_n afterward_o ensue_v soon_o after_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n the_o cosack_n general_n chmielinski_n begin_v to_o put_v in_o practice_n his_o revenge_n whereupon_o call_v the_o tartar_n to_o his_o assistance_n he_o march_v at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o formidable_a army_n into_o poland_n where_o burn_v plunder_v and_o ravage_v wherever_o he_o come_v he_o do_v all_o the_o mischief_n he_o can_v defeat_v the_o polish_v army_n take_v the_o city_n of_o kiovia_n and_o afterward_o besiege_v leopol_n capital_a of_o russia_n with_o a_o army_n of_o near_o 300000_o man_n yet_o can_v never_o take_v it_o though_o its_o fortification_n be_v but_o very_o inconsiderable_a they_o nevertheless_o ravage_v the_o country_n all_o about_o it_o for_o many_o league_n together_o to_o revenge_v which_o affront_n the_o pole_n summon_v the_o seven_o man_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o march_v against_o the_o cosack_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o king_n who_o have_v before_o refuse_v to_o head_n they_o but_o be_v again_o miserable_o beat_v nevertheless_o the_o king_n army_n at_o other_o time_n have_v considerable_a advantage_n over_o they_o for_o though_o they_o find_v they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o fight_v they_o yet_o they_o fatigue_v and_o weaken_v they_o so_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o call_v the_o muscovite_n likewise_o to_o help_v they_o forward_o with_o their_o intend_a work_n whilst_o some_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o muscovy_n other_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o port_n so_o irreconcilable_a be_v they_o ever_o to_o have_v any_o more_o to_o do_v with_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o have_v be_v so_o ever_o since_o to_o their_o own_o
all_o livonia_n except_o the_o duchy_n of_o curland_n which_o be_v leave_v still_o tributary_n to_o poland_n ducal_z prussia_n be_v entire_o in_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n hand_n of_o which_o he_o be_v of_o late_a a_o independent_a sovereign_n pomerania_n be_v now_o possess_v by_o the_o swede_n and_o german_n between_o they_o and_o dantzic_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o little_a republic_n or_o hans-town_n yet_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o poland_n extent_n thus_o your_o lordship_n may_v observe_v that_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n have_v clip_v so_o close_a the_o skirt_n of_o this_o vast_a empire_n that_o they_o have_v reduce_v it_o to_o one_o three_o of_o what_o it_o have_v heretofore_o be_v yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o loss_n it_o be_v still_o reckon_v to_o the_o full_a as_o large_a as_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n but_o its_o frontier_n towards_o tartary_n be_v altogether_o desolate_a most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v be_v carry_v away_o into_o captivity_n either_o by_o the_o turk_n or_o tartar_n to_o give_v your_o lordship_n a_o just_a account_n of_o the_o present_a extent_n of_o poland_n i_o must_v divide_v it_o into_o its_o several_a remain_v province_n which_o be_v but_o eight_o viz._n little_o &_o great_a poland_n regal_a prussia_n russia_n masovia_n samogitia_n volhynia_n &_o podlachia_n but_o first_o a_o word_n or_o two_o of_o the_o country_n in_o general_n bound_n poland_n together_o with_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n be_v now_o bound_v on_o the_o north_n by_o moscovy_n livonia_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o south_n by_o moldavia_n transylvania_n and_o hungary_n on_o the_o east_n by_o vkraina_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o dutchy_n of_o smolensko_n severia_n czernicovia_n and_o kiovia_n which_o be_v now_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o muscovite_n and_o on_o the_o west_n by_o pomerania_n brandenburg_n bohemia_n and_o silesia_n it_o extend_v itself_o from_o south_n to_o north_n that_o be_v from_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n to_o the_o gulf_n of_o riga_n about_o 200_o league_n from_o the_o 45_o degree_n 36_o minute_n to_o the_o 55_o degree_n 29_o minute_n of_o latitude_n and_o from_o east_n to_o west_n that_o be_v from_o smoleusko_n and_o the_o vkraine_n to_o the_o frontier_n of_o pomerania_n bohemia_n and_o silesia_n above_o 240._o soil_n it_o be_v soil_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v champain_n though_o towards_o the_o border_n of_o hungary_n very_o mountainous_a and_o woody_a yet_o as_o it_o decline_v from_o thence_o it_o general_o grow_v more_o fruitful_a there_o be_v only_o one_o great_a mountain_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o lesser_n poland_n call_v mons_fw-la calvus_n the_o bald_a mountain_n though_o it_o have_v a_o monastery_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o surname_v the_o holy_a cross_n and_o dedicate_v to_o our_o saviour_n what_o other_o you_o shall_v meet_v with_o may_v be_v rather_o term_v little_a hill_n than_o mountain_n the_o eastern_a part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v full_a of_o forest_n wood_n marsh_n lake_n and_o river_n which_o afford_v a_o delightful_a vista_n to_o the_o open_a country_n product_n heretofore_o poland_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v almost_o all_o wood_n but_o now_o be_v cultivate_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n it_o produce_v everywhere_o all_o kind_n of_o fruit_n grain_n and_o herb_n nay_o it_o want_v for_o neither_o fowl_n nor_o fish_n and_o moreover_o abound_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o tame_a and_o wild_a beast_n there_o be_v also_o vine_n in_o many_o place_n who_o grape_n be_v not_o ungrateful_a to_o the_o palate_n especial_o if_o the_o summer_n and_o autumn_n be_v never_o so_o little_a favourable_a but_o the_o wine_n be_v general_o very_o sharp_a when_o it_o have_v once_o be_v draw_v off_o in_o the_o mountain_n be_v to_o be_v find_v mine_n of_o silver_n copper_n lead_v and_o iron_n with_o divers_a other_o kind_n of_o mineral_n as_o also_o salt_n which_o be_v common_o take_v out_o in_o huge_a mass_n like_o stone_n out_o of_o a_o quarry_n the_o western_a part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n produce_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o corn_n which_o be_v transport_v in_o considerable_a quantity_n into_o foreign_a country_n and_o beside_o it_o abound_v with_o honey_n wax_n hemp_n and_o linen_n for_o sail_n all_o which_o be_v carry_v to_o dantzic_n and_o from_o thence_o transport_v village_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o town_n and_o all_o the_o village_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v of_o timber_n and_o thatch_a the_o gentleman_n house_n in_o the_o country_n be_v also_o of_o the_o same_o make._n the_o whole_a number_n of_o city_n town_n borough_n and_o village_n in_o poland_n amount_v to_o near_a a_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o thousand_o whereof_o there_o be_v not_o much_o above_o twenty_o wall_v there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o city_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o first_o belong_v to_o the_o republic_n of_o which_o the_o king_n name_v the_o governor_n and_o other_o officer_n and_o the_o second_o be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o particular_a signior_n by_o hereditary_a succession_n of_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o starostas_n but_o their_o own_o peculiar_a lord_n climate_n the_o air_n of_o this_o country_n be_v suitable_a to_o the_o climate_n and_o sometime_o so_o exceed_v cold_a that_o water_n freeze_v ere_o it_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o lake_n and_o river_n be_v so_o freeze_v up_o that_o coach_n and_o load_v cart_n pass_v over_o they_o for_o five_o or_o six_o month_n together_o even_o to_o the_o end_n of_o march._n river_n the_o most_o remarkable_a river_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o weissel_n or_o vistula_n the_o wart_n or_o varta_fw-la the_o nieper_n or_o boristbenes_n the_o niester_n or_o tyra_n the_o dwina_n or_o duna_n the_o bog_n or_o bobus_fw-la the_o bug_n or_o bugus_n the_o nieman_n or_o nemenus_n course_n the_o weissel_n or_o vistula_n take_v its_o rise_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o teschen_n in_o silesia_n out_o of_o mount_n carpathus_n now_o crapack_o and_o run_v by_o the_o several_a city_n and_o town_n of_o oswieczin_n cracow_n sendomir_n casimir_n lublin_n warsaw_n plocskow_n vladislaw_n thorn_n culm_n bromberg_n grandentz_n newenburg_n elbing_n marienburg_n and_o dantzic_n this_o river_n ancient_o separate_v sarmatia_n europea_n from_o germany_n and_o have_v continue_v its_o course_n for_o above_o a_o hundred_o polish_v miles_n divide_v itself_o into_o two_o stream_n empty_v one_o into_o the_o bay_n of_o frischhaff_a and_o the_o other_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n vulgar_o call_v de_fw-fr oost_n zee_n the_o wart_n or_o varta_fw-la arise_v in_o lesser_n poland_n and_o after_o have_v water_v siradia_n kalisch_n posnan_n olstin_n etc._n etc._n fall_v into_o the_o other_o a_o river_n of_o silesia_n the_o nieper_n or_o boristhenes_n water_n smolensko_n traverse_n part_v of_o lithuania_n run_v through_o kiow_n or_o kiovia_n cross_v the_o vkraine_n and_o at_o length_n roll_v into_o the_o black_a sea_n near_o ockzakow_n the_o niester_n rise_v near_o the_o lake_n of_o leopol_n and_o have_v run_v by_o halitz_n caminiec_n etc._n etc._n discharge_v itself_o in_o like_a manner_n into_o the_o black_a or_o euxine_a sea_n near_o bialogrod_n the_o duna_n or_o dwina_n spring_v near_o biata_n in_o moscovy_n when_o have_v pass_v by_o witebsko_n polocz_n dunenburg_n kokenhauz_n etc._n etc._n with_o a_o course_n of_o 130_o league_n it_o at_o last_o throw_v itself_o into_o the_o gulf_n of_o riga_n in_o livonia_n the_o bog_n or_o bobus_fw-la take_v its_o origin_n from_o a_o lake_n in_o the_o frontier_n of_o podolia_n and_o have_v pass_v by_o constantinow_n bar_n and_o braclaw_v it_o fall_v into_o the_o nieper_n near_o ockzakow_n the_o bug_n spring_v in_o red_a russia_n near_o olesko_n or_o zborow_n and_o have_v run_v by_o the_o several_a place_n of_o glituani_n beltz_n sokal_n vlodzimierz_n chelm_fw-ge bresty_n and_o warsaw_n fall_v into_o the_o weissel_n by_o wischegrod_n the_o nieman_n or_o nemenus_n arise_v near_o slonim_n or_o rather_o nessivicz_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o novogrodec_n and_o water_n the_o side_n of_o novogrodec_n bielcz_n grodna_n troki_n vilna_n and_o after_o run_v into_o the_o baltic_a near_o tylsa_n lake_n in_o lower_n or_o great_a poland_n cujavia_n and_o the_o territory_n of_o lublin_n there_o be_v several_a considerable_a lake_n replenish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o fresh_a fish_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o lake_n be_v goplo_n five_o mile_n long_o and_o half_a a_o mile_n broad_a next_o there_o be_v biale_n otherwise_o name_v the_o white_a lake_n which_o may_v be_v so_o call_v by_o a_o antiphrasis_n because_o in_o the_o month_n of_o april_n and_o may_v it_o die_v skin_n with_o a_o sort_n of_o swart_a tincture_n to_o proceed_v according_a to_o my_o division_n of_o this_o country_n in_o which_o i_o have_v follow_v starovolscius_fw-la i_o must_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o be_v province_n great_a or_o low_a poland_n bound_v
on_o the_o north_n by_o pomerania_n and_o prussia_n on_o the_o south_n by_o upper_a or_o lesser_a poland_n on_o the_o east_n by_o masovia_n and_o towards_o the_o west_n by_o silesia_n and_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n it_o be_v call_v great_a poland_n because_o lechus_n the_o founder_n of_o this_o kingdom_n first_o settle_v there_o and_o divide_v it_o into_o two_o part_n viz._n division_n 1._o great_a poland_n proper_o so_o call_v and_o 2._o cujavia_n both_o which_o contain_v seven_o palatinate_n viz._n the_o palatinate_v of_o posnania_n to_o which_o belong_v the_o territory_n of_o wschow_n kalisch_n siradia_n to_o which_o belong_v the_o territory_n of_o vielunia_n rava_n lanschet_fw-mi bresty_n and_o inowlocz_n of_o these_o the_o two_o last_o only_o belong_v to_o cujavia_n the_o chief_a of_o all_o these_o seven_o palatinate_n be_v palatinate_n posnania_n in_o which_o be_v these_o several_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n posnan_n bishopric_n palatinate_n and_o castellany_n gnesna_n archbishopric_n and_o castellany_n koscien_fw-fr vskow_n sremsk_v miedzyrzeeze_v nacum_fw-la curnic_n slupeia_n pysdra_n kcina_n conin_n premecz_n and_o ragozno_n posnan_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o all_o which_o be_v posnan_n call_v by_o the_o german_n posen_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n varta_fw-la in_o the_o 39th_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o 52_o of_o latitude_n it_o be_v 7_o mile_n distant_a from_o gnesna_n to_o the_o west_n 20_o german_a mile_n from_o vratislaw_n to_o the_o north_n and_o 50_o from_o cracow_n to_o the_o south_n it_o lie_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o several_a little_a hill_n environ_v with_o a_o strong_a double_a wall_n and_o a_o very_a deep_a ditch_n the_o city_n itself_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v it_o but_o small_a yet_o nevertheless_o exceed_v beautiful_a and_o well-built_a its_o edifice_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o freestone_n among_o the_o public_a structure_n the_o most_o considerable_a be_v the_o castle_n raise_v upon_o a_o small_a eminence_n between_o the_o river_n varta_fw-la and_o prosna_n it_o be_v general_o provide_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o ammunition_n and_o want_v for_o neither_o strength_n nor_o beauty_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o public_a edifice_n may_v just_o claim_v the_o like_a character_n though_o the_o most_o stately_a lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o river_n varta_fw-la in_o the_o suburb_n which_o be_v very_o large_a here_o be_v the_o cathedral_n church_n with_o a_o college_n of_o prebend_n and_o the_o bishop_n palace_n situate_v among_o the_o marsh_n this_o pile_n of_o building_n be_v common_o call_v valisovia_n and_o build_v so_o strong_a that_o like_o the_o town_n it_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v a_o siege_n john_n lubranscius_fw-la a_o bishop_n of_o this_o see_v found_v here_o a_o college_n to_o be_v visit_v by_o that_o of_o cracow_n and_o which_o be_v afterward_o very_o much_o augment_v and_o beautify_v by_o adam_n conarius_n his_o successor_n and_o far_o enrich_v by_o one_o rosrasevius_n with_o several_a noble_a gift_n so_o that_o now_o the_o jesuit_n have_v a_o college_n in_o the_o city_n where_o learning_n be_v great_o encourage_v yet_o this_o also_o in_o the_o suburb_n do_v not_o want_v for_o noble_a youth_n who_o daily_a flock_n thither_o to_o be_v instruct_v by_o the_o lecture_n of_o mathematics_n and_o law_n these_o suburb_n be_v all_o surround_v by_o a_o morass_n and_o a_o great_a lake_n they_o be_v frequent_o lay_v under_o water_n by_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o varta_fw-la insomuch_o that_o sometime_o with_o the_o neighbour_a village_n for_o several_a mile_n together_o the_o top_n of_o the_o house_n be_v only_o to_o be_v see_v this_o inundation_n likewise_o often_o extend_v to_o the_o town_n itself_o notwithstanding_o its_o high_a wall_n in_o a_o manner_n that_o boat_n have_v be_v know_v to_o swim_v about_o the_o street_n but_o this_o last_v not_o long_o for_o the_o water_n common_o retire_v in_o two_o or_o three_o day_n at_o far_a there_o be_v three_o very_a famous_a fair_n keep_v in_o this_o city_n whither_o the_o german_n both_o trader_n and_o gentry_n come_v in_o great_a number_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v keep_v about_o the_o begin_n of_o lent_n and_o last_v a_o month._n the_o second_o at_o michaelmas_n and_o continue_v five_o week_n and_o the_o last_o at_o midsummer_n which_o be_v for_o the_o same_o time_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o city_n be_v general_o roman_a catholic_n though_o vast_a number_n of_o jew_n live_v also_o among_o they_o the_o government_n be_v execute_v by_o a_o starosta_n choose_v yearly_o out_o of_o the_o schipin_n or_o alderman_n who_o as_o long_o as_o this_o office_n last_v enjoy_v also_o the_o title_n of_o general_n of_o great_a poland_n gnesna_n seven_o mile_n from_o hence_o lie_v gnesna_n situate_v among_o bog_n and_o hill_n and_o call_v also_o by_o the_o german_n gnicsen_n it_o be_v a_o archbishops_n see_v and_o give_v title_n to_o the_o primate_n of_o all_o poland_n it_o be_v distant_a three_o polish_v miles_n from_o the_o river_n varta_fw-la to_o the_o north_n seven_o from_o kalisch_n to_o the_o south_n as_o many_o from_o posnan_n to_o the_o east_n and_o about_o thirteen_o from_o thorn_n thirty_o from_o dantzic_n and_o thirty_o three_o from_o warsaw_n to_o the_o northwest_n it_o be_v former_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n have_v be_v build_v by_o lechus_n the_o first_o founder_n thereof_o and_o so_o name_v from_o a_o eagles_n nest_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o life_n of_o that_o king_n this_o city_n be_v almost_o consume_v by_o fire_n in_o the_o year_n 1613._o and_o be_v at_o present_a chief_o considerable_a for_o be_v the_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o primate_n of_o poland_n who_o yet_o enjoy_v very_o great_a privilege_n in_o the_o cathedral_n be_v reposit_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o inestimable_a treasure_n most_o of_o which_o be_v owe_v to_o the_o tomb_n of_o st._n adalbert_n raise_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o church_n case_v about_o with_o silver_n by_o sigisâ—â—nund_n iii_o and_o to_o the_o gift_n of_o henry_n fâ—â—rleius_n late_a archbishop_n of_o that_o see_v who_o among_o other_o rarity_n give_v his_o own_o mitre_n value_v at_o 24000_o polish_v gilder_n or_o near_o 2000_o l._n sterling_n the_o gate_n open_v to_o this_o church_n be_v all_o of_o corinthian_a brass_n curious_o wrought_v which_o be_v first_o take_v from_o the_o monastery_n of_o corsuna_n in_o taurica_n chersonesus_n afterward_o remove_v to_o kiow_n and_o thence_o bring_v hither_o by_o order_n of_o boleslaus_n ii_o here_o be_v several_a fair_n keep_v the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v that_o on_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n adalbert_n koscien_fw-fr koscien_fw-fr a_o town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a among_o marsh_n and_o defend_v with_o a_o double_a wall_n and_o a_o broad_a and_o deep_a ditch_n it_o be_v about_o seven_o mile_n from_o posnan_n uskow_n vskow_n a_o wall_a town_n situate_a in_o a_o plain_a likewise_o and_o about_o eleven_o mile_n from_o posnan_n etc._n sremsk_v premeez_n and_o ragozno_n three_o timber_n build_v town_n belong_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o posnan_n miedzyrzecze_v miedzyrzecze_v a_o town_n build_v for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o wood_n in_o a_o plain_a among_o rivulet_n and_o marsh_n and_o which_o also_o its_o name_n import_v it_o be_v situate_a upon_o the_o â—â—onfiries_n of_o silesia_n and_o pomerania_n and_o have_v a_o strong_a castle_n fortify_v both_o by_o art_n and_o nature_n and_o which_o it_o be_v common_o conjecture_v can_v hardly_o be_v take_v unless_o it_o be_v starve_v this_o several_a german_a prince_n have_v experience_v at_o their_o cost_v who_o after_o a_o long_a and_o fruitless_a siege_n of_o it_o have_v at_o length_n be_v force_v to_o return_v home_o again_o re_fw-mi infectâ_fw-la it_o be_v about_o 15_o mile_n from_o posnan_n slupcza_n slupcza_n a_o town_n upon_o the_o wart_n with_o a_o very_a strong_a wall_n and_o other_o suitable_a fortification_n pysdra_n pysdra_n a_o wall_v town_n upon_o the_o wart_n likewise_o build_v in_o a_o plain_a among_o wood_n and_o nine_o mile_n from_o kalisch_n the_o other_o town_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v some_o of_o they_o wall_v and_o chief_o build_v with_o wood_n except_o only_o the_o public_a edifice_n such_o as_o castle_n town_n church_n monastery_n abbey_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v all_o either_o stone_n or_o brick_n posnania_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n the_o bishop_n palatine_n and_o castellan_n of_o posnania_n the_o castellan_n of_o sremsk_n miedzyrzecze_n premecz_n ragozno_n krve_v and_o zandoc_n there_o be_v moreover_o several_a other_o officer_n in_o this_o palatinate_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o military_a the_o starostas_n or_o governor_n of_o city_n have_v some_o of_o they_o jurisdiction_n and_o some_o none_o as_o it_o be_v likewise_o all_o the_o kingdom_n over_o arms._n the_o standard_n and_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o eagle_n expanded_a argent_fw-fr in_o a_o field_n
cracow_n next_o be_v the_o praetor_n or_o mayor_n of_o cracow_n which_o office_n guagnini_n say_v have_v be_v discontinue_v ever_o since_o a_o praetor_n in_o the_o time_n of_o vladislaus_n betray_v that_o city_n to_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o oppelin_n for_o which_o he_o together_o with_o his_o accomplice_n afterward_o undergo_v deserve_v punishment_n and_o the_o praetorship_n devolve_v to_o the_o king_n who_o now_o think_v fit_a to_o name_v a_o mayor_n himself_o who_o in_o my_o time_n be_v a_o scotchman_n castle_n the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n be_v principal_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o palatin_n who_o have_v ten_o deputy_n or_o burgraves_n who_o both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n cause_n a_o strict_a guard_n to_o be_v keep_v therein_o both_o night_n and_o day_n these_o burgraves_n must_v always_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o gentry_n here_o the_o crown_n and_o other_o regalia_z be_v keep_v palatinate_n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o eagle_n expanded_a argent_fw-fr crown_v or_o in_o a_o field_n gules_a with_o a_o baton_n across_o its_o wing_n of_o the_o second_o sandecz_n the_o district_n of_o sandecz_n have_v a_o peculiar_a ensign_n which_o be_v party_n per_fw-la pale_a argent_fw-fr and_o azure_a oswieczin_n the_o duchy_n of_o oswieczin_n have_v for_o arm_n in_o a_o field_n gules_a a_o eagle_n expanded_a sable_n bear_v a_o o_o in_o its_o breast_n zator_n the_o duchy_n of_o zator_n have_v also_o a_o peculiar_a scucheon_n which_o be_v a_o eagle_n expanse_v azure_a with_o a_o z_o in_o its_o breast_n palatinate_n the_o second_o palatinate_n of_o lesser_n poland_n be_v that_o of_o sendomir_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o eight_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o sendomir_n radom_n stenziecz_n corzin_n wislicz_n chencin_n opoczno_n and_o pilzno_n in_o all_o which_o be_v the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o sendomir_n cap._n opatovia_n or_o opoczno_n viazden_n radom_n jedbinsk_n solecia_n ilza_n cunovia_n â—â—ozontin_n kielcz_n malogo_v cast_v sulovia_n drevicz_n inowlodz_n sydlovecz_n janovecz_n slupeâ—â—z_n lagovia_n racovia_n corzin_n wislicz_n pilzno_n chencin_n poloviec_fw-la zawicost_n zarnow_n zaclicin_n lezaisk_n osiec_fw-la stasow_n polanecz_n stobnicz_n olesnicz_n ossolin_n paczanovia_n sendisow_n zarnovec_fw-fr sokolow_n praeclavia_n and_o zaclycin_n sendomir_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v sendomir_n a_o very_a pleasant_a city_n seat_v on_o a_o bank_n or_o small_a hill_n of_o the_o river_n vistula_n enjoy_v a_o very_a delightful_a prospect_n and_o be_v much_o frequent_v by_o the_o gentry_n on_o occasion_n of_o several_a assize_n of_o justice_n hold_v there_o by_o the_o magistrate_n of_o this_o palatinate_n it_o lie_v near_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o san_n with_o the_o weissel_n and_o be_v twenty_o eight_o polish_v miles_n east_n from_o cracow_n and_o thirty-two_a south_n from_o warsaw_n it_o be_v fortify_v with_o strong_a wall_n and_o a_o considerable_a castle_n build_v to_o the_o south_n and_o wash_v by_o the_o vistula_n in_o which_o the_o palatin_n reside_v with_o some_o other_o regular_a work_n raise_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a among_o the_o public_a building_n the_o monastery_n of_o dominican_n friar_n found_v by_o ivo_n former_o archbishop_n of_o cracow_n be_v most_o remarkable_a a_o synod_n be_v convene_v here_o against_o the_o heresy_n of_o stancarus_n in_o the_o year_n 1570_o and_o another_o wherein_o the_o confession_n of_o ausburg_n bohemia_n and_o switzerland_n be_v reprove_v this_o town_n be_v sack_v by_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o year_n 1240_o and_o take_v by_o the_o swede_n in_o 1655_o but_o restore_v to_o the_o pole_n the_o year_n follow_v opatovia_n opatovia_n four_o mile_n from_o sendomir_n situate_v in_o a_o very_a pleasant_a country_n and_o wash_v by_o the_o river_n pilcza_n it_o have_v several_a famous_a religious_a edifice_n viazden_n viazden_a a_o new-built_a town_n much_o frequent_v and_o well_o fortify_v radom_n radom_n capital_a of_o that_o district_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a and_o environ_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n and_o other_o fortification_n jedlinsk_n jedlinsk_n famous_a for_o a_o school_n and_o a_o well-built_a church_n solecia_n solecia_n situate_v upon_o the_o vistula_n and_o celebrate_v for_o its_o castle_n repair_v and_o beautify_v by_o its_o ancient_a duke_n christopher_n zboravius_n ilza_n ilza_n a_o neat_a town_n build_v with_o brick_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o earthen_a ware_n with_o which_o it_o furnish_v all_o poland_n it_o have_v a_o castle_n adjoin_v consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o old_a building_n yet_o the_o bishop_n palace_n be_v all_o new_a and_o very_o stately_a cunovia_n to_o this_o town_n belong_v cunovia_n or_o kunow_v celebrate_v for_o all_o sort_n of_o marble_n and_o that_o of_o all_o colour_n iron_n be_v exceed_o plentiful_a in_o this_o palatinate_n bozentin_n but_o more_o especial_o at_o bozentin_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n city_n and_o residence_n this_o be_v a_o very_a beautiful_a place_n well_o fortify_v in_o which_o the_o aforesaid_a bishop_n have_v a_o very_a neat_a palace_n with_o exceed_v delightful_a garden_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v near_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bald_a mountain_n by_o much_o the_o high_a in_o poland_n kielcz_n towards_o the_o west_n lie_v kielcz_n famous_a for_o mine_n of_o copper_n and_o lapis-lazuli_a these_o two_o belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o have_v here_o a_o very_a fair_a collegiate_n church_n and_o episcopal_n see_n chencin_n chencin_n about_o three_o mile_n from_o kielcz_n abound_v likewise_o with_o silver_n lead_v and_o divers_a kind_n of_o marble_n this_o place_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n here_o be_v a_o castle_n seat_v on_o a_o rock_n where_o justice_n be_v distribute_v to_o the_o district_n of_o the_o same_o name_n malogost_n malogo_v or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o malogsch_n note_v for_o be_v a_o castellany_n it_o be_v a_o wooden-built_a town_n and_o have_v nothing_o in_o it_o very_o remarkable_a sulovia_n sulovia_n a_o town_n of_o some_o note_n by_o have_v command_n over_o several_a neighbour_a place_n inowlodz_n drevicz_n and_o inowlodz_n two_o town_n remarkable_a for_o the_o superb_fw-la ruin_n of_o two_o old_a castle_n sydlovecz_n sydlovecz_n the_o name_n of_o a_o county_n former_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o the_o family_n of_o radzivil_n abound_v with_o iron_n mine_n good_a store_n of_o fish_n and_o vast_a quantity_n of_o wood._n it_o be_v chief_a town_n be_v encompass_v with_o a_o old_a wall_n and_o a_o castle_n pretty_a well_o fortify_v nevertheless_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v despise_v have_v in_o it_o a_o great_a many_o fair_a edifice_n stenzicz_n stenzicz_n capital_a of_o the_o district_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o adorn_v with_o a_o very_a stately_a monastery_n of_o benedictin_a monk_n janovecz_n a_o little_a high_o lie_v janovecz_n with_o a_o castle_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n slupecz_n slupecz_n belong_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o the_o holy_a cross_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bald_a mountain_n this_o town_n be_v situate_a at_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o lagovia_n lagovia_n a_o city_n belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n famous_a for_o make_v earthen_a ware_n racovia_n racovia_n a_o nest_n of_o the_o socinian_o former_o a_o city_n indifferent_o populous_a with_o a_o considerable_a academy_n to_o instruct_v youth_n but_o which_o be_v now_o prohibit_v by_o a_o public_a edict_n the_o catholic_n religion_n be_v restore_v but_o not_o therewithal_o the_o grandeur_n of_o the_o place_n corzin_n corzin_n capital_a of_o the_o district_n of_o the_o same_o name_n a_o new_a timber-built_a town_n with_o a_o castle_n seat_v near_o the_o river_n vislock_n and_o surround_v every_o way_n with_o marsh_n wislicz_n wislicz_n a_o town_n build_v with_o wood_n and_o water_v by_o the_o river_n nida_n it_o have_v a_o strong_a wall_n and_o be_v moreover_o situate_a upon_o a_o rock_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o boggy_a country_n here_o be_v to_o be_v see_v a_o cathedral_n church_n build_v with_o square_a stone_n with_o a_o very_a beautiful_a close_n for_o the_o habitation_n of_o the_o canon_n the_o country_n round_o about_o this_o place_n abound_v with_o all_o kind_n of_o serpent_n and_o infect_v but_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n tell_v you_o be_v interdict_v by_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o do_v you_o any_o harm_n and_o be_v transport_v out_o of_o that_o place_n they_o immediate_o die_v this_o city_n be_v a_o castellany_n pilzno_n pilzno_n a_o timber-town_n build_v on_o the_o river_n wislock_n poloviec_fw-la poloviec_fw-la a_o timber-built_a town_n lie_v among_o the_o hill_n this_o be_v a_o castellany_n zawichost_n zawichost_n a_o wooden_a city_n on_o the_o river_n vistula_n with_o a_o double_a wall_a castle_n on_o the_o other_o side_n this_o be_v likewise_o a_o castellany_n zarnow_n zarnow_n a_o town_n build_v with_o wood_n in_o which_o there_o be_v nothing_o remarkable_a but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o castellany_n zaclicin_n
present_a prussian_n be_v a_o mix_a people_n spring_v from_o the_o several_a colony_n of_o the_o swede_n pole_n german_n and_o other_o neighbour_a nation_n prussia_n regal_a or_o royal_a prussia_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o palatinate_n viz._n the_o palatinate_n of_o pomerania_n culm_n marienburg_n and_o varmia_n palatinate_n the_o first_o palatinate_n pomerania_n be_v not_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o pole_n require_v no_o description_n palatinate_n the_o second_o palatinate_n of_o royal_a prussia_n be_v that_o of_o culm_n to_o which_o also_o the_o territory_n of_o michalovia_n lie_v to_o the_o south_n belong_v and_o have_v in_o it_o these_o city_n and_o town_n viz._n culm_n bish_n &_o cap._n thorn_n graudentz_n colmensee_n brodnicz_n radin_n golubia_n rogozna_fw-la brathian_n lubavia_n and_o kopriunicza_n culm_n of_o all_o which_o the_o chief_a city_n be_v culm_n a_o ancient_a and_o famous_a place_n build_v on_o a_o hill_n the_o foot_n whereof_o be_v water_v by_o the_o river_n vistula_n it_o lie_v about_o four_o german_a mile_n from_o thorn_n to_o the_o south_n and_o fifteen_o from_o dantzic_n to_o the_o north._n it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n in_o the_o year_n 1223_o who_o likewise_o fortify_v it_o against_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o heathen_a prussian_n and_o herman_n desalza_n master_n of_o that_o order_n give_v law_n and_o constitution_n for_o its_o government_n this_o city_n suffer_v much_o damage_n during_o the_o swedish_n invasion_n and_o be_v now_o very_o thin_a of_o inhabitant_n insomuch_o that_o the_o episcopal_n see_v subject_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n have_v be_v for_o some_o time_n remove_v to_o the_o neighbour_a town_n of_o colmensee_n it_o have_v in_o it_o very_o fair_a church_n enrich_v with_o many_o valuable_a ornament_n and_o precious_a offering_n thorn_n thorn_n seat_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n by_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n it_o lie_v four_o polish_v miles_n from_o culm_n to_o the_o south_n thirteen_o from_o marienburg_n twenty_o two_o from_o dantzic_n fifteen_o from_o lanschet_fw-mi and_o twenty_o nine_o from_o warsaw_n it_o be_v heretofore_o a_o imperial_a and_o free_a city_n but_o be_v afterward_o exempt_v from_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o as_o yet_o enjoy_v very_o many_o privilege_n it_o be_v name_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v take_v from_o the_o german_a word_n thor_n signify_v a_o gate_n because_o build_v by_o the_o teutonick_n order_n as_o it_o be_v for_o a_o gate_n to_o let_v force_n into_o prussia_n whenever_o occasion_n serve_v whence_o its_o arm_n be_v suppose_v arms._n to_o have_v be_v take_v be_v a_o castle_n and_o gate_n half_o open_a this_o city_n do_v not_o stand_v in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o the_o old_a one_o do_v that_o have_v be_v seat_v a_o mile_n westward_o from_o hence_o where_o be_v now_o to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o ancient_a castle_n and_o some_o other_o monument_n however_o this_o city_n at_o present_a be_v the_o fair_a and_o best_a build_v of_o any_o in_o royal_a prussia_n the_o street_n be_v much_o broad_a and_o house_n more_o stately_a than_o at_o dantzic_n it_o be_v very_o much_o beautisied_a by_o one_o of_o its_o burgermaster_n henry_n stwband_n in_o the_o year_n 1609_o who_o build_v a_o small_a university_n here_o and_o endow_v it_o with_o a_o considerable_a revenue_n he_o likewise_o found_v a_o hospital_n and_o a_o public_a library_n where_o two_o of_o cicero_n epistle_n be_v preserve_v write_v upon_o table_n of_o wax_n and_o a_o townhouse_n build_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o marketplace_n the_o inhabitant_n revolt_v from_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o the_o year_n 1454_o and_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o poland_n copernicus_n in_o this_o city_n the_o famous_a astronomer_n nicholas_n copernicus_n be_v bear_v and_o john_n albert_n king_n of_o poland_n die_v here_o in_o the_o year_n 1501._o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o and_o regain_v by_o the_o pole_n in_o 1658._o afterward_o the_o swede_n recover_v it_o and_o the_o pole_n surprise_v and_o retake_v it_o in_o 1665._o graudentz_n graudentz_n only_o famous_a for_o a_o castle_n and_o very_o strong_a wall_n colmensee_n colmensee_n or_o culmensee_n the_o episcopal_a seat_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o culm_n translate_v hither_o from_o culm_n it_o be_v distant_a nine_o mile_n from_o thorn_n to_o the_o north_n nineteen_o from_o graudentz_n and_o twelve_o from_o culm_n to_o the_o southeast_n michalovia_n the_o territory_n of_o michalovia_n be_v a_o strait_a neck_n of_o land_n between_o the_o river_n brodna_n and_o drebnicz_n which_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o bloody_a war_n between_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n and_o pole_n the_o chief_a town_n be_v michalovia_n which_o with_o some_o other_o that_o be_v in_o this_o territory_n deserve_v no_o description_n palatinate_n the_o three_o palatinate_n of_o royal_a prussia_n be_v that_o of_o marienburg_n in_o which_o be_v these_o city_n and_o town_n viz_o marienburg_n cap._n elbing_n stuma_n mewa_n gniew_n now_o stargardie_o and_o ornet_fw-la marienburg_n of_o all_o which_o the_o chief_a city_n be_v marienburg_n seat_v upon_o the_o nogat_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o vistula_n about_o six_o mile_n from_o dantzic_n it_o be_v defend_v by_o strong_a wall_n and_o high_a tower_n together_o with_o a_o very_a large_a castle_n wherein_o the_o better_a sort_n of_o prisoner_n in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v keep_v this_o city_n receive_v no_o small_a benefit_n from_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o island_n zulava_n which_o be_v a_o very_a rich_a spot_n of_o earth_n this_o island_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n viz._n 1._o the_o great_a which_o lie_v next_o marienburg_n and_o 2._o the_o lesser_a next_o to_o dantzic_n to_o who_o inhabitant_n at_o present_a belong_v elbing_n elbing_n a_o well_o fortify_v and_o trade_a town_n in_o which_o the_o english_a they_o say_v have_v former_o a_o consul_n here_o albert_n first_o duke_n of_o prussia_n found_v a_o academy_n in_o the_o year_n 1542._o but_o of_o no_o great_a moment_n the_o other_o town_n i_o find_v no_o description_n of_o palatinate_n the_o four_o palatinate_n of_o royal_a prussia_n be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o varmia_n who_o gentry_n be_v exempt_a from_o all_o regal_a jurisdiction_n be_v whole_o govern_v by_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o prussia_n and_o by_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v a_o temporal_a prince_n it_o have_v in_o it_o these_o city_n and_o town_n heilsberg_n cap._n fraumberg_n brunsberg_n gutestadt_n allestein_n resla_n vormitz_n messac_n vatemberg_n seberg_n etc._n etc._n of_o of_o all_o which_o the_o chief_a city_n be_v heilsberg_n heilsberg_n famous_a for_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o defend_v with_o strong_a wall_n and_o other_o suitable_a fortification_n fraumberg_n fraumberg_n celebrate_v for_o the_o cathedral_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o varmia_n there_o build_v of_o which_o the_o famous_a astronomer_n copernicus_n be_v canon_n brunsberg_n brunsberg_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n passar_n so_o much_o frequent_v and_o so_o worthy_o esteem_v that_o it_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o chief_a town_n of_o prussia_n it_o have_v a_o college_n of_o jesuit_n build_v by_o cardinal_n hosius_n there_o be_v several_a other_o city_n and_o town_n of_o which_o i_o find_v no_o description_n and_o therefore_o have_v omit_v they_o prussia_n ducal_z prussia_n now_o entire_o belong_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n have_v these_o town_n in_o it_o viz._n koningsberg_n cap._n pilaw_n memel_fw-la welaw_n tilsa_n marienwerder_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o number_n of_o 60._o koningsberg_n the_o metropolis_n koningsberg_n be_v a_o market_n town_n divide_v into_o three_o part_n and_o defend_v with_o a_o very_a considerable_a castle_n it_o lie_v in_o the_o 43_o d_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o 54_o of_o latitude_n and_o have_v a_o small_a academy_n found_v by_o albert_n great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n and_o first_o duke_n of_o this_o country_n in_o the_o year_n 1544._o the_o citizen_n be_v general_o lutheran_n as_o be_v likewise_o most_o part_n of_o this_o country_n which_o occasion_v sigismond_n iii_o when_o he_o receive_v homage_n of_o this_o duke_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o to_o impose_v a_o law_n that_o the_o catholic_n shall_v have_v free_a exercise_n for_o their_o religion_n there_o prussia_n the_o senator_n of_o prussia_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n who_o be_v the_o chief_a the_o bishop_n palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o culm_n the_o palatine_n of_o marienburg_n and_o pomerania_n the_o castellan_n of_o elbing_n and_o dantzic_n there_o be_v other_o officer_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o senate_n or_o great_a council_n of_o prussia_n which_o they_o hold_v among_o themselves_o except_o when_o they_o be_v command_v to_o the_o grand_a diet_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o be_v the_o vice-chamberlain_n of_o culm_n marienburg_n pomerania_n thorn_n elbing_n and_o dantzic_n beside_o these_o
from_o the_o place_n where_o she_o be_v bear_v it_o have_v a_o castle_n on_o a_o hill_n surround_v every_o way_n with_o bog_n and_o lake_n husiatinow_n husiatinow_n well_o fortify_v also_o against_o incursion_n czartikow_n czartikow_n with_o the_o like_a strong_a fortification_n and_o a_o castle_n etc._n janow_n and_o czvaniec_n with_o several_a other_o be_v very_o strong_a place_n chmielnick_n chmielnick_n a_o timber-built_a town_n defend_v only_o with_o palisadoe_n with_o a_o wooden_a castle_n build_v upon_o the_o river_n bog_n miedzibosz_n miedzibosz_n a_o town_n with_o a_o large_a timber_n castle_n situate_v among_o the_o marsh_n to_o which_o there_o be_v no_o avenue_n but_o over_o bridge_n this_o place_n be_v former_o much_o infest_a by_o the_o tartar_n podolia_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o bishop_n the_o palatin_n and_o the_o castellan_n of_o caminiec_n podolia_n caminiec_fw-la arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o sun_n in_o its_o full_a glory_n in_o a_o field_n azure_a palatinate_n the_o three_o palatinate_n of_o the_o province_n of_o red_a russia_n be_v that_o of_o braslaw_n or_o braclaw_v lie_v beyond_o podolia_n upon_o the_o border_n of_o tartary_n now_o out_o of_o possession_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o which_o be_v these_o city_n and_o town_n viz._n braclaw_n cap._n vinnicza_n zitomir_n sarogrod_n morachua_n jarosow_n felstin_n and_o chmielnic_n of_o of_o which_o the_o capital_a city_n be_v braclaw_n braclaw_v build_v on_o the_o river_n bog_n with_o a_o wooden_a castle_n and_o other_o fortification_n it_o lie_v a_o hundred_o and_o ten_o mile_n from_o caminiec_n to_o the_o east_n fifty_o five_o from_o bar_n and_o fifty_o from_o the_o confine_n of_o walachia_n to_o the_o north_n towards_o kiow_n it_o be_v take_v and_o miserable_o waste_v by_o the_o turk_n in_o the_o year_n 1672._o vinnicza_n vinnicza_n a_o wooden_a city_n likewise_o build_v on_o the_o river_n bog_n and_o defend_v with_o a_o castle_n and_o a_o wall_n this_o city_n be_v famous_a for_o a_o meeting_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n where_o the_o jesuit_n also_o have_v a_o college_n to_o instruct_v youth_n these_o two_o city_n have_v be_v very_o much_o infest_a by_o the_o tartar_n i_o find_v no_o description_n of_o the_o rest_n braslaw_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o braslaw_n palatinate_n the_o four_o palatinate_n of_o the_o province_n of_o red_a russia_n be_v that_o of_o kiovia_n border_v on_o one_o side_n on_o tartary_n and_o on_o the_o other_o on_o moscovy_n it_o be_v divide_v in_o the_o middle_n by_o the_o famous_a river_n boristhenes_n this_o palatinate_n extend_v a_o great_a way_n towards_o the_o euxine_a sea_n to_o the_o confine_n of_o white_a russia_n in_o lithuania_n in_o it_o be_v these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n kiow_n bish_n cap._n kaniow_n circassia_n oczakow_n stepanow_n fastovia_n bohuslaw_n pereslaw_n and_o bialerkiow_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o which_o be_v kiow_n kiow_n or_o kiouf_n according_a to_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n a_o ancient_a large_a and_o very_o populous_a city_n fortify_v with_o strong_a palisadoe_n a_o castle_n trench_n and_o some_o other_o regular_a work_n and_o situate_v on_o the_o boristhenes_n or_o nieper_n the_o old_a kiow_n be_v build_v on_o a_o hill_n a_o little_a beyond_o the_o river_n where_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o many_o arch_n high_a wall_n church_n and_o burying-place_n of_o divers_a king_n with_o greek_a inscription_n of_o these_o church_n two_o remain_v in_o tolerable_a good_a condition_n viz._n those_o of_o st._n sophia_n and_o st._n michael_n the_o wall_n of_o the_o former_a be_v line_v with_o curious_a mosaic_a work_n and_o the_o dome_n consist_v of_o earthen_a pot_n well_o cement_v and_o fill_v with_o mortar_n st._n michael_n church_n be_v chief_o remarkable_a for_o its_o gild_a roof_n the_o burying-place_n of_o the_o ancient_a great_a man_n of_o russia_n be_v in_o several_a cave_n near_o this_o city_n some_o of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o extend_v into_o the_o border_n of_o moscovy_n above_o eighty_o mile_n in_o length_n the_o body_n here_o be_v preserve_v whole_a and_o entire_a especial_o those_o of_o two_o certain_a prince_n which_o be_v dress_v in_o antique_a habit_n and_o have_v be_v not_o long_o since_o show_v to_o traveller_n by_o the_o russian_a monk_n the_o place_n where_o these_o sepulcher_n be_v make_v be_v of_o a_o sandy_a stone_n very_o dry_a and_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o the_o catacomb_n of_o rome_n kiow_n be_v heretofore_o a_o exceed_a large_a city_n as_o may_v appear_v from_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o wall_n which_o extend_v themselves_o above_o eight_o mile_n in_o compass_n it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v first_o found_v by_o a_o russian_a prince_n name_v kius_fw-la in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 861_o and_o then_o constitute_v metropolis_n of_o tauro-scythia_n next_o it_o become_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n and_o be_v afterward_o govern_v by_o its_o own_o prince_n it_o be_v storm_v and_o pillage_v by_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o year_n 1615_o and_o have_v ever_o since_o decline_v from_o its_o primitive_a grandeur_n it_o have_v be_v often_o take_v and_o retake_v within_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o year_n but_o now_o remain_v whole_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o ozar_n of_o moscovy_n to_o who_o it_o be_v late_o pawn_v by_o the_o cosack_n the_o episcopal_a see_v of_o kiow_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o leopol_n here_o reside_v the_o russian_a archbishop_n supreme_a over_o all_o of_o the_o same_o persuasion_n throughout_o poland_n here_o be_v divers_a roman_a and_o russian_a church_n and_o a_o great_a many_o monastery_n etc._n etc._n kaniow_n kaniow_n seventeen_o mile_n from_o kiow_n who_o inhabitant_n with_o its_o neighbour_n round_o about_o be_v a_o very_a warlike_a people_n circassia_n circassia_n a_o timber-built_a city_n on_o the_o river_n boristhenes_n about_o twenty_o five_o polish_v miles_n from_o kiow_n its_o inhabitant_n be_v former_o the_o circassi_n a_o warlike_a people_n and_o much_o celebrate_v in_o history_n who_o likewise_o dwell_v all_o along_o the_o boristhenes_n oczakow_n oczakow_n build_v upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n and_o inhabit_v by_o tartar_n though_o command_v and_o govern_v by_o turk_n stepanow_n stepanow_n fortify_v with_o a_o castle_n a_o wall_n and_o a_o ditch_n fastovia_n fastovia_n famous_a only_a for_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o kiow_n and_o the_o jesuit_n college_n translate_v from_o kiow_n bohuslaw_n bohuslaw_n pereslaw_n and_o bialerkiow_n be_v all_o town_n indifferent_o populous_a and_o each_o defend_v by_o a_o castle_n kiovia_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o bishop_n palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o kiovia_n arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v party_n per_fw-la pale_a argent_fw-fr and_o azure_a in_o the_o former_a the_o charge_n of_o lithuania_n and_o in_o the_o latter_a a_o bear_n passant_a palatinate_n the_o five_o palatinate_n of_o the_o province_n of_o red_a russia_n be_v that_o of_o belsko_fw-mi join_v to_o the_o district_n of_o leopol_n and_o palatinate_n of_o chelm_fw-ge and_o place_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o red_a russia_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o belsko_n busko_n grodlow_n and_o grabow_n in_o all_o which_o be_v the_o several_a city_n and_o town_n of_o belsko_n cap._n of_o the_o palatinate_n busko_n cap._n of_o its_o district_n grodlow_n cap._n of_o its_o district_n grabow_n cap._n of_o its_o district_n sokal_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o chief_a of_o all_o which_o be_v belsko_n belsko_n or_o belz_n a_o timber-built_a city_n indifferent_o large_a and_o situate_v among_o the_o marsh_n between_o leopol_n and_o zamoisk_n and_o about_o five_o mile_n from_o the_o river_n bug._n it_o have_v a_o wooden_a castle_n build_v on_o a_o hill_n surround_v every_o way_n with_o bogs_n busko_n busko_n or_o busk_n a_o town_n seat_v in_o a_o moor_n where_o the_o river_n â—â—_o g_o take_v its_o rise_n by_o which_o merchandize_n be_v ansport_v to_o leopol_n only_o five_o mile_n distant_a grodlow_n grodlow_n a_o palisadoed_a town_n with_o a_o castle_n upon_o a_o hill_n wash_v by_o the_o river_n bug._n grabow_n grabow_n a_o wooden_a town_n seat_v in_o a_o large_a plain_n with_o a_o castle_n fortify_v both_o by_o nature_n and_o art_n and_o of_o very_o difficult_a access_n sokal_n sokal_n a_o town_n seat_v on_o the_o bug_n and_o defend_v only_o with_o palisadoe_n belsko_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o belsko_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o griffin_n volant_fw-fr argent_fw-fr in_o a_o field_n gules_a palatinate_n the_o six_o palatinate_n of_o red_a russia_n be_v that_o of_o chelm_fw-ge lie_v between_o lublin_n lithuania_n and_o volhynia_n
gules_a palatinate_n the_o second_o palatinate_n of_o the_o province_n of_o masovia_n be_v that_o of_o ploskow_n lie_v towards_o the_o east_n between_o the_o vistula_n and_o prussia_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o ploczkow_n zancren_n mlava_n and_o stenen_n in_o all_o which_o be_v these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n ploczkow_n bish_n cap._n sieprcz_n srensko_n mlaw_n and_o radzanow_n the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v ploczko_n ploczkow_n or_o ploczko_n metropolis_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o that_o name_n which_o stand_v on_o a_o high_a bank_n of_o the_o weissel_n or_o vistula_n from_o whence_o one_o may_v have_v a_o very_a fair_a prospect_n of_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a country_n this_o city_n be_v considerable_o enrich_v by_o the_o navigableness_n of_o its_o river_n be_v very_o populous_a and_o have_v be_v long_o dignify_v with_o a_o bishop_n see_n beside_o the_o cathedral_n there_o be_v divers_a other_o church_n and_o monastery_n rich_o endow_v especial_o the_o abbey_n of_o benedictin_n in_o the_o suburb_n where_o among_o other_o relic_n the_o head_n of_o st._n sigismond_n be_v keep_v in_o gold_n which_o be_v give_v by_o king_n sigismond_n iii_o sieprcz_n sieprcz_n a_o wooden_a town_n build_v on_o a_o hill_n among_o the_o marsh_n and_o about_o five_o mile_n from_o ploczkow_n srensko_n srensko_fw-mi a_o timber-built_a town_n seat_v in_o a_o plain_a with_o a_o castle_n found_v among_o the_o bog_n this_o place_n be_v about_o ten_o mile_n from_o ploczko_n mlaw_n mlaw_o a_o town_n build_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o prussia_n and_o wash_v by_o the_o river_n of_o its_o own_o name_n it_o be_v also_o about_o ten_o mile_n from_o ploczkow_n radzanow_n radzanow_n a_o timber-built_a town_n on_o the_o river_n vkra_fw-mi with_o a_o castle_n found_v upon_o a_o rock_n among_o the_o marsh_n this_o town_n be_v about_o eight_o mile_n from_o ploczkow_n ploskow_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o bishop_n palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o ploskow_n the_o castellan_n of_o sieprcz_n and_o radzanow_n arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o eagle_n expanse_v sable_n with_o a_o p_o on_o the_o breast_n all_o in_o a_o field_n gules_a palatinate_n the_o three_o palatinate_n of_o the_o province_n of_o masovia_n be_v that_o of_o dobrina_n lie_v towards_o the_o west_n between_o cujavia_n and_o prussia_n it_o abound_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n and_o fish_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o district_n viz._n the_o district_n of_o dobrina_n ripin_n and_o slonsk_n in_o all_o which_o be_v these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n dobrina_n cap._n ripin_n slonsk_n and_o gorzno_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v dobrina_n dobrina_n a_o timber-built_a city_n seat_v on_o a_o rock_n near_o the_o river_n vistula_n it_o have_v former_o a_o castle_n which_o be_v demolish_v by_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n ripin_n ripin_n a_o wooden_a town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a on_o the_o river_n odleck_n it_o be_v about_o five_o mile_n from_o dobrina_n slonsk_n slonsk_n a_o town_n in_o a_o plain_a situate_a upon_o the_o river_n vistula_n and_o about_o two_o mile_n from_o dobrina_n gorzno_n gorzno_n or_o gurzno_n a_o wood-built_a town_n tolerable_o well_o defend_v by_o nature_n and_o art_n it_o be_v about_o six_o polish_v miles_n from_o dobrina_n this_o palatinate_n be_v former_o the_o cause_n of_o frequent_a war_n between_o the_o pole_n teutonick_n knight_n and_o prussian_n dobrina_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o dobrina_n ripin_n and_o slonsk_n arms._n the_o arm_n and_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o man_n head_n proper_a double_o crown_v or_o and_o argent_fw-fr all_o in_o a_o field_n gules_a province_n the_o six_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v samogitia_n have_v in_o it_o no_o palatinate_n though_o many_o capitany_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a starosta_n be_v he_o of_o the_o province_n who_o have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n though_o no_o other_o of_o the_o same_o dignity_n have_v the_o like_a throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n except_o he_o be_v otherwise_o qualify_v this_o province_n be_v indifferent_o large_a and_o fruitful_a though_o it_o be_v very_o much_o overrun_v with_o wood_n to_o the_o north_n it_o be_v bound_v by_o curland_n and_o the_o bound_n baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o west_n it_o have_v ducal_z prussia_n and_o the_o baltic_a and_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o east_n it_o border_n on_o lithuania_n it_o have_v several_a city_n as_o well_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n as_o the_o gentry_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v all_o build_v with_o wood._n this_o province_n take_v its_o name_n from_o its_o situation_n which_o be_v low_a and_o marshy_a the_o word_n samogitz_n in_o the_o language_n of_o this_o country_n denote_v as_o much_o it_o abound_v with_o lake_n and_o inaccessible_a mountain_n yet_o afford_v great_a quantity_n of_o honey_n pure_a than_o that_o either_o of_o lithuania_n or_o livonia_n and_o breed_v horse_n which_o be_v very_o much_o admire_v for_o their_o swiftness_n the_o ordinary_a people_n here_o live_v in_o people_n cottage_n for_o the_o most_o part_n seat_v near_o lake_n or_o river_n and_o cover_v either_o with_o thatch_n or_o board_n they_o plough_v the_o ground_n not_o with_o iron_n but_o wood_n though_o the_o soil_n be_v most_o common_o fat_a and_o stiff_a which_o custom_n they_o be_v addict_v to_o even_o to_o superstition_n for_o when_o a_o certain_a starosta_n of_o that_o country_n think_v to_o introduce_v iron_n plowshare_n among_o they_o and_o the_o season_n not_o happen_v to_o prove_v as_o kind_a as_o usual_a they_o attribute_v all_o the_o cause_n to_o this_o change_n of_o instrument_n whereupon_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o return_v to_o their_o old_a way_n for_o fear_n of_o a_o insurrection_n their_o horse_n be_v general_o so_o small_a that_o one_o will_v wonder_v how_o they_o can_v undergo_v the_o fatigue_n they_o put_v they_o to_o most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n differ_v little_a in_o manner_n habit_n or_o language_n from_o the_o lithuanian_n yet_o some_o of_o they_o still_o retain_v several_a idolatrous_a worship_n especial_o superstition_n in_o the_o desert_n where_o they_o pay_v devotion_n to_o a_o fourfooted_a serpent_n under_o the_o name_n of_o givosit_n and_o you_o will_v hardly_o find_v a_o family_n in_o these_o part_n without_o one_o of_o these_o household_n go_n nay_o even_o at_o this_o day_n in_o many_o village_n both_o of_o prussia_n and_o lithuania_n the_o poor_a peasant_n although_o they_o profess_v christianity_n yet_o keep_v adder_n in_o their_o house_n to_o which_o they_o pay_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a veneration_n imagine_v that_o some_o great_a mischief_n will_v befall_v they_o if_o these_o idol_n shall_v come_v to_o any_o harm_n to_o be_v more_o particular_a with_o this_o country_n your_o lordship_n may_v understand_v that_o their_o house_n except_o only_o those_o of_o the_o gentry_n be_v build_v low_a and_o long-way_n with_o a_o hearth_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o but_o one_o room_n which_o serve_v not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o cattle_n the_o better_a sort_n drink_v out_o of_o horn_n cup_n and_o eat_v out_o of_o wooden_a platter_n the_o honey_n here_o be_v extraordinary_a have_v but_o little_a wax_n and_o some_o of_o it_o be_v perfect_o white_a with_o which_o the_o wood_n be_v every_o where_o almost_o line_v sacrifice_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o pagan_a sacrifice_n and_o feast_n in_o samogitia_n keep_v at_o this_o day_n about_o the_o end_n of_o october_n be_v as_o follow_v first_o the_o place_n of_o meeting_n be_v assign_v the_o man_n with_o their_o wife_n child_n and_o servant_n punctual_o appear_v thereat_o when_o spread_v a_o cloth_n upon_o the_o straw_n several_a loaf_n be_v set_v in_o due_a order_n and_o between_o each_o loaf_n a_o large_a pot_n of_o beer_n then_o beast_n of_o divers_a kind_n both_o male_a and_o female_a be_v bring_v in_o and_o sacrifice_v after_o the_o ancient_a custom_n thus_o first_o the_o augur_n or_o priest_n after_o have_v mumble_v over_o some_o few_o word_n strike_v they_o with_o a_o wand_n he_o hold_v in_o his_o hand_n on_o the_o back_n belly_n etc._n etc._n when_o all_o that_o be_v present_a likewise_o follow_v his_o example_n cry_v out_o o_o zimiennick_n for_o so_o they_o call_v their_o god_n these_o offering_n we_o make_v to_o thou_o for_o protect_v we_o so_o merciful_o hitherto_o and_o we_o most_o humble_o implore_v thou_o to_o have_v the_o like_a compassion_n on_o we_o for_o the_o future_a as_o to_o preserve_v we_o from_o fire_n sword_n pestilence_n and_o our_o enemy_n which_o say_v they_o immediate_o fall_v to_o but_o first_o cut_v off_o a_o bit_n from_o every_o plate_n and_o throw_v they_o about_o the_o room_n cry_v o_o zimiennick_n gracious_o partake_v of_o our_o sacrifice_n and_o favour_v thy_o adorer_n after_o
which_o they_o eat_v and_o drink_v hearty_o and_o so_o the_o ceremony_n conclude_v these_o sacrifice_n be_v also_o still_o observe_v by_o the_o countrypeople_n in_o several_a place_n of_o lithuania_n and_o russia_n this_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o district_n which_o be_v the_o district_n of_o rosienia_n mednick_n and_o poniviess_n in_o all_o which_o be_v these_o principal_a town_n viz._n rosienia_n cap._n mednick_n poniviess_n and_o cowna_n of_o the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v rosienia_n rosienia_n a_o small_a ill-built_a town_n though_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o province_n of_o samogitia_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o river_n dubiss_n about_o twelve_o polish_v miles_n from_o cowna_n to_o the_o north_n thirty_o from_o riga_n and_o twenty_o seven_o from_o vilna_n to_o the_o west_n mednick_n mednick_n somewhat_o better_o build_v than_o the_o former_a and_o famous_a for_o a_o suffragan's_n see_v belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n this_o town_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o river_n wirwitz_n poniviess_n poniviess_n capital_n only_o of_o the_o district_n of_o that_o name_n cowna_fw-la cowna_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n niemen_n and_o famous_a for_o a_o college_n of_o jesuit_n and_o several_a considerable_a monastery_n this_o town_n be_v former_o much_o frequent_v by_o the_o german_a merchant_n who_o build_v here_o divers_a splendid_a edifice_n both_o with_o stone_n and_o brick_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v since_o imitate_v and_o in_o some_o thing_n excel_v samogitia_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o province_n be_v the_o bishop_n starosta_n and_o castellan_n of_o samogitia_n province_n the_o seven_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v volhynia_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o large_a district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o luccoria_n and_o cremen_n in_o both_o which_o be_v these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n lutzko_n bish_n cap._n of_o luceoria_n vlodimir_n or_o woldzimiers_n krzemenec_n cap._n of_o cremen_n brodi_n olika_n constantinow_n zsbarasz_n ostropium_fw-la wisniovec_fw-fr zaslaw_n basilea_n miedirecz_n rubesow_n dubna_n czartorisk_a olesk_n and_o krilow_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o district_n of_o luceoria_n and_o metropolis_n of_o volhynia_n be_v that_o of_o lutzko_n lutzko_n or_o luzuk_n a_o timber-built_a city_n situate_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n stir_v near_o a_o lake_n which_o encompass_n part_v of_o the_o castle_n it_o be_v hardly_o seven_o mile_n from_o the_o frontier_n of_o red_a russia_n to_o the_o east_n and_o twenty_o from_o leopol_n to_o the_o north-east_n it_o be_v a_o large_a city_n and_o be_v a_o episcopal_n see_v and_o the_o residence_n of_o a_o bishop_n subject_n to_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o gnesna_n the_o cathedral_n and_o chapterhouse_n be_v in_o one_o of_o the_o castle_n there_o be_v two_o build_v on_o adjoin_v hill_n near_o this_o city_n here_o likewise_o reside_v a_o russian_a bishop_n ulodimir_n vlodimir_n a_o wooden_a town_n with_o wooden_a fortification_n and_o build_v among_o the_o marsh_n it_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o lutzko_n and_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o a_o russian_a bishop_n with_o a_o considerable_a jurisdiction_n krzemenec_n krzemenec_n capital_a of_o the_o district_n of_o cremen_n a_o large_a timber_n city_n with_o a_o wooden_a castle_n and_o mud_n wall_n brodi_n brodi_n a_o town_n build_v by_o stanislaus_n konicepoliski_n castellan_n of_o cracovia_n with_o strong_a fortification_n a_o collegiate_n church_n and_o a_o public_a academy_n olika_n olika_n a_o town_n belong_v to_o the_o house_n of_o radzivil_n adorn_v with_o a_o fair_a cathedral_n and_o academy_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o art_n and_o science_n constantinow_n constantinow_n adorn_v and_o defend_v by_o a_o well-fortified_n castle_n zsbarasz_n zsbarasz_n former_o a_o free_a city_n with_o a_o territory_n or_o district_n of_o its_o own_o but_o now_o subject_a to_o that_o of_o cremen_n volhynia_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o province_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o luceoria_n the_o palatin_n and_o the_o castellansof_n volhynia_n arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o province_n of_o volhynia_n be_v party_n per_fw-la pale_a argent_fw-fr and_o azure_a the_o former_a contain_v the_o arm_n of_o lithuania_n province_n the_o eight_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v podlachia_n a_o large_a province_n and_o palatinate_n bound_v on_o the_o west_n by_o masovia_n and_o on_o the_o bound_n east_n by_o lithuania_n to_o which_o it_o former_o belong_v till_o sigismundus_n augustus_n in_o the_o year_n 1569_o unite_a it_o to_o poland_n in_o spiritual_a matter_n it_o be_v whole_o subject_a to_o the_o bishop_n of_o luceoria_n but_o as_o to_o temporal_a it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o byclsko_n drogiczynen_n and_o mielnick_n in_o all_o which_o there_o be_v these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n byelsko_fw-mi cap._n drogiczin_n myelnick_n tykoczin_n knyssin_n augustow_n mordi_fw-la wasilkow_n narew_n bransko_n visokie_n and_o holovacz_n of_o of_o all_o which_o the_o capital_a be_v byelsko_n byelsko_n a_o large_a timber-built_a city_n metropolis_n of_o this_o province_n and_o seat_v on_o the_o river_n byala_n divide_v it_o from_o lithuania_n it_o be_v castle_n be_v burn_v down_o by_o lightning_n and_o never_o since_o rebuilt_a drogiczin_n drogiczin_n capital_a of_o the_o district_n of_o that_o name_n and_o build_v on_o a_o small_a rise_n near_o the_o river_n bug._n this_o city_n be_v famous_a for_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n wherein_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o gentry_n be_v try_v it_o lie_v about_o ten_o mile_n from_o bielsko_n and_o thirty_o from_o warsaw_n myelnick_n mielnick_n a_o town_n on_o the_o bug_n likewise_o only_o famous_a for_o be_v capital_a of_o its_o district_n it_o be_v about_o five_o mile_n from_o drogiczin_n tykoczin_n tykoczin_n a_o town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a upon_o the_o river_n narew_n it_o have_v a_o castle_n well_o fortify_v both_o by_o art_n and_o nature_n be_v surround_v by_o vast_a bog_n and_o defend_v every_o way_n with_o several_a large_a cannon_n here_o part_n of_o the_o king_n treasure_n be_v keep_v and_o here_o likewise_o sigismundus_n augustus_n cause_v money_n to_o be_v coin_v it_o lie_v about_o ten_o mile_n from_o byelsko_n and_o forty_o two_o from_o vilna_n knyssin_n knyssin_n a_o wood-built_a town_n seat_v among_o marsh_n and_o wood_n here_o the_o king_n have_v a_o palace_n and_o a_o very_a large_a park_n abound_v with_o dere_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o huge_a fishpond_n replenish_v with_o all_o kind_n of_o freshwater_n fish_n augustow_v augustow_v a_o very_a large_a city_n build_v by_o sigismundus_n augustus_n and_o which_o lie_v about_o twenty_o mile_n from_o byelsko_n mordi_fw-la mordi_fw-la a_o timber-built_a town_n seat_v on_o a_o very_a large_a lake_n and_o about_o five_o mile_n from_o drogiczin_n wasilkow_n wasilkow_n a_o wood-built_a town_n on_o the_o river_n narew_n where_o the_o king_n be_v starosta_n reside_v narew_n narew_n situate_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o wood_n and_o near_o the_o river_n of_o that_o name_n this_o town_n lie_v about_o four_o mile_n from_o byelsko_n bransko_n bransko_fw-mi build_v on_o the_o river_n nar_n only_o famous_a for_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n hold_v there_o it_o lie_v about_o three_o polish_v miles_n from_o byelsko_n suras_fw-la suras_fw-la a_o town_n build_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o hill_n near_o the_o river_n narew_n it_o have_v a_o castle_n which_o command_v the_o town_n podlachia_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o province_n be_v the_o palatine_a and_o castellan_n of_o podlachia_n arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o province_n be_v party_n per_fw-la pale_a argent_fw-fr and_o gules_a in_o the_o former_a the_o arm_n of_o lithuania_n and_o in_o the_o latter_a a_o eagle_n expanse_v of_o the_o first_o thus_o far_o my_o lord_n have_v i_o trace_v the_o extent_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o division_n of_o its_o province_n and_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o what_o i_o have_v both_o observe_v and_o hear_v to_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o they_o whereby_o your_o lordship_n may_v find_v that_o this_o vast_a kingdom_n be_v not_o so_o contemptible_a as_o we_o of_o the_o western_a part_n of_o europe_n have_v imagine_v for_o this_o country_n abound_v with_o all_o necessary_n to_o support_v itself_o both_o in_o peace_n and_o war_n without_o the_o help_n of_o its_o neighbour_n and_o have_v it_o be_v as_o well_o improve_v by_o art_n and_o enrich_v by_o trade_n as_o it_o be_v make_v fruitful_a by_o nature_n it_o will_v doubtless_o have_v be_v able_a to_o vie_v with_o any_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n which_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o other_o prince_n be_v now_o sensible_a of_o since_o they_o have_v profuse_o spend_v vast_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o advance_v either_o themselves_o or_o friend_n to_o that_o crown_n though_o they_o be_v no_o way_n certain_a of_o success_n know_v that_o let_v the_o sum_n they_o spend_v be_v ever_o so_o considerable_a they_o will_v be_v full_o recompense_v when_o they_o obtain_v their_o end_n for_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v raise_v as_o
effect_v many_o glorious_a erterprise_n die_v peaceable_o leave_v three_o nephew_n borcus_fw-la cunossus_n and_o spera_n all_o which_o separately_z succeed_v he_o in_o his_o dominion_n borcus_fw-la borcus_fw-la take_v for_o his_o share_n part_n of_o samogitia_n where_o he_o build_v a_o castle_n on_o the_o river_n juria_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o nieman_n and_o call_v it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n and_o that_o of_o the_o river_n whereon_o it_o stand_v jurburg_n which_o continue_v even_o at_o this_o day_n cunossus_n cunossus_n extend_v his_o dominion_n a_o different_a way_n build_v kunossow_n another_o castle_n call_z it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n and_o which_o remain_v to_o this_o day_n spera_n spera_n likewise_o build_v a_o castle_n near_o the_o river_n swenta_fw-mi where_o he_o begin_v his_o reign_n at_o length_n borcus_fw-la and_o spera_n die_v cunossus_n seize_v on_o both_o their_o dominion_n but_o soon_o after_o die_v also_o and_o leave_v two_o son_n kyernus_n and_o gybutus_fw-la whereof_o kyernus_fw-la kyernus_n settle_v in_o lithuania_n and_o build_v the_o castle_n kyernow_n which_o he_o make_v the_o place_n of_o his_o residence_n and_o gybutus_fw-la gybutus_n reside_v in_o samogitia_n which_o he_o likewise_o govern_v both_o these_o brother_n be_v join_v together_o make_v huge_a devastation_n in_o russia_n and_o carry_v away_o great_a booty_n but_o upon_o their_o return_n home_o find_v samogitia_n serve_v the_o like_a sauce_n by_o the_o livonian_o to_o revenge_v which_o they_o forthwith_o enter_v livonia_n and_o burn_v and_o plunder_v all_o that_o country_n wherever_o they_o come_v kyernus_n die_v be_v succeed_v in_o lithuania_n muntwil_n by_o his_o son_n zivibundus_fw-la and_o gybutus_n in_o samogitia_n by_o his_o son_n muntwil_n which_o last_o have_v reign_v but_o little_a die_v and_o leave_v his_o son_n uikint_n vikint_v to_o succeed_v he_o in_o samogitia_n but_o zivibundus_fw-la zivibundus_fw-la live_v a_o great_a while_n after_o and_o prove_v no_o small_a victor_n over_o the_o russian_n and_o tartar_n for_o be_v willing_a to_o shake_v off_o the_o russian_a yoke_n he_o send_v his_o brother_n wikinti_n erdzivil_n erdzivil_n to_o invade_v that_o country_n who_o so_o far_o succeed_v as_o to_o take_v the_o city_n and_o castle_n of_o novogrodec_n and_o to_o fix_v the_o seat_n of_o a_o duchy_n there_o and_o after_o proceed_v further_o he_o build_v the_o strong_a castle_n of_o grodno_n on_o the_o river_n niemen_n then_o he_o descend_v into_o podlachia_n where_o he_o take_v several_a town_n and_o soon_o reduce_v all_o that_o province_n afterward_o he_o conquer_v kurdassus_n prince_n of_o the_o tartar_n at_o a_o town_n call_v mozera_n near_o the_o river_n okuniowka_n this_o erdzivil_n after_o many_o heroic_a action_n and_o succeed_v his_o brother_n zivibundus_fw-la die_v and_o leave_v two_o son_n mingailus_n and_o algimuntus_n and_o divide_v his_o dominion_n between_o they_o algimuntus_fw-la algimuntus_n choose_v for_o his_o part_n samogitia_n and_o mingailus_n mingailus_n rule_v over_o lithuania_n and_o polocz_n which_o last_o country_n he_o take_v from_o the_o russian_n and_o likewise_o extend_v his_o dominion_n over_o all_o the_o duchy_n of_o novogrodec_n this_o duke_n die_v and_o leave_v two_o son_n skirmunt_fw-la and_o ginvil_n skirmunt_fw-la skirmunt_fw-la have_v perform_v his_o father_n obsequy_n enter_v upon_o the_o government_n of_o lithuania_n with_o the_o duchy_n of_o novogrodec_n and_o ginvil_n ginvil_n by_o natural_a right_o seize_v upon_o polocz_n which_o have_v govern_v for_o some_o time_n he_o die_v and_o leave_v to_o his_o son_n boris_n boris_n who_o rule_v a_o great_a while_n in_o polocz_n and_o build_v a_o famous_a church_n there_o with_o brick_n call_v it_o sancta_fw-la sophia_n he_o likewise_o found_v several_a other_o famous_a edisâ—â—ces_n with_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o borissow_n upon_o the_o river_n beresina_n to_o he_o succeed_v his_o son_n rechwold_n basilius_n rechwold_n who_o live_v to_o a_o great_a age_n and_o leave_v behind_o he_o a_o son_n call_v hlebus_n and_o a_o daughter_n name_v poroskavia_n poroskavia_n hlebus_n survive_v his_o father_n but_o a_o little_a while_n and_o poroskavia_n whole_o devote_v herself_o to_o the_o greek_a religion_n but_o afterward_o go_v to_o rome_n where_o she_o die_v and_o be_v canonize_v for_o a_o saint_n now_o to_o return_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o lithuania_n skirmunt_fw-la obtain_v great_a conquest_n over_o the_o tartar_n and_o russian_n and_o die_v leave_v his_o uncle_n kukovoitus_fw-la kukovoitus_n to_o succeed_v he_o in_o lithuania_n and_o samogitia_n who_o have_v govern_v a_o good_a while_n died_z and_o leave_v his_o dominion_n to_o his_o son-in-law_n giedrussus_n giedrussus_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n poiata_n this_o duke_n die_v leave_v for_o his_o successor_n his_o son_n ringolt_n ringolt_n who_o have_v perform_v his_o father_n funeral-rite_n after_o the_o pagan_a manner_n enter_v upon_o the_o government_n of_o lithuania_n and_o samogitia_n against_o this_o duke_n the_o russian_n join_v â—â—y_o the_o tartar_n march_v with_o great_a fury_n to_o reduce_v he_o to_o pay_v tribute_n but_o he_o timely_o oppose_v they_o with_o equal_a force_n give_v they_o a_o signal_n overthrow_n near_o mohilna_n on_o the_o river_n niemen_n at_o length_n this_o ringolt_n famous_a likewise_o for_o several_a other_o victory_n die_v and_o leave_v his_o dominion_n to_o his_o son_n 1240._o mindog_n or_o mendog_n in_o the_o year_n 1240_o who_o have_v various_a conflict_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o smolensko_n and_o volhynia_n both_o which_o at_o last_o he_o total_o subdue_v he_o likewise_o fight_v several_a battle_n with_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o daniel_n emperor_n of_o moscovy_n in_o most_o of_o which_o the_o christian_n be_v worsted_n with_o great_a slaughter_n he_o frequent_o make_v incursion_n into_o masovia_n dobrina_n cujavia_n etc._n etc._n and_o return_v with_o great_a booty_n he_o also_o have_v bloody_a war_n with_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n of_o prussia_n and_o livonia_n but_o at_o length_n in_o the_o year_n 1252_o be_v over-persuade_v by_o the_o then_o great_a master_n henricus_n de_fw-fr zalcza_n he_o give_v up_o all_o his_o dominion_n to_o that_o order_n in_o acknowledgement_n of_o several_a honour_n and_o service_n do_v he_o and_o moreover_o consent_v to_o turn_v christian_a and_o afterward_o send_v to_o rome_n to_o pay_v his_o devoir_n to_o that_o see_n whereupon_o innocent_n iv._o depute_v his_o brother_n heinderic_n to_o consecrate_v he_o king_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v that_o mindog_n repent_v the_o loss_n of_o his_o dominion_n or_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o he_o refuse_v to_o receive_v this_o nuncio_n and_o the_o very_a same_o year_n together_o with_o all_o his_o country_n return_v to_o their_o former_a idolatry_n nevertheless_o king_n the_o teutonic_n knight_n suffer_v he_o to_o continue_v king_n and_o under_o he_o in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o lithuanian_n samogitian_n etc._n etc._n invade_v masovia_n and_o make_v great_a havoc_n of_o that_o country_n but_o afterward_o mendog_v be_v unmindful_a any_o far_o of_o the_o civility_n of_o those_o knight_n turn_v his_o arm_n against_o their_o country_n destroy_v most_o of_o their_o city_n and_o return_v with_o great_a spoil_n next_o mendog_n have_v gather_v together_o a_o great_a army_n and_o be_v likewise_o assist_v by_o swarno_n duke_n of_o russia_n march_v against_o semovitus_n duke_n of_o masovia_n who_o together_o with_o his_o son_n conrade_n he_o surprise_v in_o his_o palace_n of_o jasdow_n where_o swarno_n strike_v off_o semovitus_n his_o head_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n but_o conrade_n be_v preserve_v by_o mendog_n and_o afterward_o ransom_v by_o his_o countryman_n soon_o after_o this_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o russian_n have_v make_v great_a devastation_n in_o masovia_n retire_v with_o the_o spoil_n and_o captive_n into_o their_o several_a country_n the_o next_o year_n the_o same_o people_n not_o be_v content_a with_o their_o former_a eruption_n march_v again_o into_o masovia_n but_o scarce_o find_v any_o thing_n leave_v to_o prey_n upon_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o last_o year_n work_n they_o only_o burn_v and_o plunder_v a_o house_n belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o so_o return_v home_o at_o length_n heaven_n think_v fit_a to_o favour_v the_o polish_v christian_n by_o take_v away_o king_n mindog_n who_o be_v murder_v by_o his_o nephew_n murder_v stroinat_n and_o his_o son-in-law_n dowmant_n in_o the_o year_n 1263._o 1263._o stroinat_n begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 1263_o by_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o brother_n towcivil_a duke_n of_o polocz_n but_o not_o long_o afterward_o woisalk_v son_n of_o mendog_n though_o then_o a_o russian_a monk_n be_v mindful_a of_o his_o father_n death_n deprive_v he_o also_o of_o life_n and_o immediate_o seize_v on_o his_o dominion_n 1264._o woisalk_n take_v upon_o he_o only_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n and_o begin_v his_o government_n with_o frequent_a eruption_n into_o poland_n mascovia_n and_o prussia_n but_o in_o the_o year_n
wont_a to_o reside_v here_o for_o conveniency_n of_o hunt_v sigismond_n iii_o build_v a_o fair_a bridge_n here_o over_o the_o nieman_n which_o be_v think_v not_o to_o have_v a_o equal_a in_o all_o poland_n the_o jesuit_n have_v a_o college_n or_o academy_n in_o this_o city_n for_o instruct_v of_o youth_n from_o hence_o divers_a kind_n of_o merchandize_n be_v transport_v from_o several_a part_n of_o lithuania_n to_o dantzic_n the_o district_n of_o grodno_n be_v indifferent_o large_a have_v be_v former_o a_o considerable_a duchy_n lida_n lida_n a_o town_n capital_a of_o its_o district_n build_v with_o wood_n have_v in_o it_o a_o tolerable_a castle_n and_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n for_o the_o gentry_n cowno_n cowno_n a_o famous_a timber-town_n though_o there_o be_v several_a house_n in_o it_o build_v with_o stone_n situate_v on_o the_o conflux_n of_o the_o river_n nieman_n and_o wilia_n with_o a_o strong_a ancient_a castle_n found_v on_o a_o rock_n upita_n vpita_n a_o wood-built_a town_n and_o capital_a of_o a_o very_a large_a district_n wherein_o be_v several_a to_n troki_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o troki_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o arm_n of_o lithuania_n in_o a_o field_n azure_a palatinate_n the_o three_o palatinate_n of_o lithuania_n proper_a be_v that_o of_o briescia_n or_o polesia_n adjoin_v to_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n and_o partake_v in_o all_o respect_n of_o the_o manner_n thereof_o it_o have_v but_o one_o very_o large_a district_n which_o be_v that_o of_o pinsko_n this_o palatinate_n contain_v these_o city_n and_o town_n viz._n briescia_n pinsko_n biala_n prepetus_n camenecia_n cobrinia_n janovia_n voinia_n rososia_n and_o vlodava_n of_o the_o chief_a of_o all_o which_o be_v brescia_n brescia_n or_o briescia_n a_o large_a wooden_a city_n build_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o lithuania_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n bug_n with_o a_o timber_n castle_n found_v on_o a_o rock_n and_o wash_v by_o the_o river_n muchavecz_n this_o city_n be_v distant_a about_o twenty_o five_o mile_n from_o lublin_n and_o thirty_o from_o warsaw_n to_o the_o east_n in_o it_o be_v the_o most_o famous_a academy_n for_o jew_n of_o any_o in_o europe_n whither_o that_o people_n resort_n from_o italy_n germany_n moravia_n silesia_n etc._n etc._n not_o only_o to_o study_v but_o take_v degree_n in_o that_o religion_n without_o this_o city_n also_o be_v a_o regal_a palace_n of_o modern_a architecture_n with_o variety_n of_o pleasant_a garden_n pinsko_n pinsko_fw-mi a_o timber-built_a city_n and_o indifferent_o large_a seat_v on_o the_o river_n perepet_n which_o pass_v by_o divers_a town_n in_o russia_n fall_v into_o the_o boristhenes_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o place_n be_v very_o industrious_a and_o make_v frequent_a journey_n into_o muscovy_n and_o germany_n on_o account_n of_o merchandize_v they_o be_v general_o of_o the_o greek_a persuasion_n and_o have_v a_o bishop_n of_o that_o sect_n who_o reside_v among_o they_o biala_n biala_n famous_a only_a for_o a_o palace_n build_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o the_o family_n of_o radzivil_n which_o be_v now_o convert_v into_o a_o college_n for_o the_o instruct_v of_o youth_n prepetus_n prepetus_n a_o town_n with_o a_o old_a castle_n build_v on_o the_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n briescia_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o briescia_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a differ_v only_o by_o a_o b_o in_o the_o middle_n palatinate_n the_o first_o palatinate_n of_o lithuanic-russia_n be_v that_o of_o novogrodec_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o district_n which_o be_v the_o district_v of_o novogrodec_n and_o slonim_n in_o both_o which_o be_v these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n novogrodec_n cap._n slonim_n wolkowisko_n lacowickz_n mysza_n zlucz_n rozan_n neswitz_n and_o selecz_n of_o the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v novogrodec_n novogrodec_n a_o large_a timber-city_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o the_o second_o son_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o lithuania_n here_o interchangeable_o with_o the_o town_n of_o minski_n be_v hold_v a_o parliament_n for_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n slonim_n slonim_n a_o wooden_a city_n who_o district_n be_v former_o a_o duchy_n wolkowisko_n wolkowisko_n a_o large_a town_n contain_v a_o court_n of_o justice_n or_o tribunal_n for_o the_o gentry_n lacowickz_n lacowickz_n famous_a for_o a_o very_a fair_a palace_n build_v by_o a_o grand_a general_n of_o lithuania_n and_o well_o fortify_v after_o the_o modern_a way_n mysza_n mysza_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n seat_v by_o a_o lake_n and_o all_o surround_v by_o a_o plain_n zlucz_n zlucz_n one_o of_o the_o large_a city_n in_o this_o country_n but_o nevertheless_o be_v all_o of_o wood_n except_o only_o the_o cathedral_n and_o ducal_z palace_n this_o city_n have_v not_o long_o since_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n with_o large_a territory_n but_o he_o be_v always_o tributary_n to_o poland_n it_o be_v at_o present_a in_o possession_n of_o the_o family_n of_o radzivil_n rozan_n rozan_n a_o well-built_a town_n with_o very_o fair_a street_n neswitz_n neswitz_n where_o nicholas_n radzivil_n surname_v the_o pilgrim_n have_v found_v several_a noble_a public_a edifice_n a_o description_n whereof_o i_o have_v omit_v for_o brevity_n sake_n novogrodec_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o novogrodec_n arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v that_o of_o the_o great_a duchy_n in_o a_o azure_a field_n palatinate_n the_o second_o palatinate_n of_o lithuanic-russia_n be_v that_o of_o mscislaw_n lie_v between_o the_o river_n peripet_fw-la to_o the_o south_n and_o the_o boristhenes_n to_o the_o east_n in_o a_o kind_n of_o triangular_a form_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n either_o overrun_v with_o wood_n or_o overflowed_a with_o water_n what_o plain_a land_n it_o have_v be_v general_o very_o fruitful_a it_o likewise_o abound_v with_o cattle_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o great_a number_n of_o excellent_a fowl_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o very_a large_a district_n which_o be_v the_o district_v of_o mscislaw_n and_o modziria_n in_o all_o which_o be_v these_o city_n and_o town_n viz._n mscislaw_n cap._n modzir_fw-it dambrownuna_fw-la bychow_n kopysz_n sklow_n reczycza_n viszchorod_n strissin_n cleckum_n ouruckum_n homlia_n criczow_n and_o ostrskum_n of_o the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v mscislaw_n mscislaw_n a_o timber_a city_n build_v on_o the_o river_n sosa_fw-la with_o a_o castle_n defend_v by_o palisado_n it_o lie_v upon_o the_o border_n of_o moscovy_n and_o therefore_o be_v strong_o garrison_v this_o district_n be_v former_o a_o sovereignty_n but_o it_o be_v now_o reduce_v modzir_fw-it modzir_fw-it a_o city_n capital_a of_o its_o district_n build_v among_o the_o marsh_n dambrownuna_fw-la dambrownuna_n a_o town_n with_o a_o strong_a castle_n build_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o moscovy_n about_o fourteen_o mile_n from_o smolensko_n bychow_n bychow_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n boristhenes_n about_o twelve_o mile_n from_o mohilow_n kopysz_n kopysz_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n on_o the_o boristhenes_n sklow_n sklow_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n on_o the_o boristhenes_n repute_v to_o be_v a_o county_n and_o of_o which_o the_o magnificent_a john_n chodkiewil_n write_v himself_o hereditary_a palatin_n reczycza_n reczycza_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n situate_a on_o the_o boristhenes_n viszehorod_n viszehorod_n situate_v upon_o the_o boristhenes_n about_o three_o mile_n from_o kiow_n strissin_n strissin_n a_o town_n and_o castle_n on_o the_o boristhenes_n mscislaw_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o mscislaw_n arms._n the_o arm_n and_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o of_o the_o great_a duchy_n differ_v only_o in_o a_o m_n place_v in_o the_o middle_n palatinate_n the_o three_o palatinate_n of_o lithuanic-russia_n be_v that_o of_o vitebsko_fw-mi like_o the_o former_a border_v upon_o the_o duna_n towards_o the_o east_n have_v but_o one_o large_a district_n which_o be_v the_o district_n of_o orsha_n in_o this_o palatinate_n be_v these_o several_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n witebsko_fw-mi cap._n orsha_n mohilow_n czasniki_n sienno_n leplo_n and_o woroniec_n the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v of_o witebsko_n witebsko_n a_o timber-built_a city_n indifferent_o large_a situate_a on_o the_o river_n dwina_n by_o which_o divers_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n be_v transport_v from_o hence_o to_o riga_n in_o livonia_n it_o have_v two_o large_a castle_n well_o defend_v both_o by_o nature_n and_o art_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o moscovite_n who_o have_v be_v often_o repulse_v thence_o with_o considerable_a loss_n in_o this_o city_n there_o be_v always_o four_o company_n of_o foot_n soldier_n each_o consist_v of_o 500_o man_n one_o whereof_o say_v guagnini_n
character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n character_n hist_o des_fw-fr cosque_n p._n 32._o religion_n abundance_n of_o fly_n and_o locusl_n language_n custom_n and_o manner_n custom_n and_o manner_n in_o peace_n and_o war._n batori_fw-mi be_v refuse_v to_o name_v his_o successor_n his_o character_n his_o death_n sept._n 13._o 1586._o 1586._o florus_n polon_n lib._n 4._o p._n 349_o etc._n etc._n a_o diet_n call_v the_o lutheran_n obtain_v liberty_n of_o conscience_n the_o lutheran_n and_o catholic_n faction_n not_o to_o be_v â—â—nitâ—â—d_v the_o lutheran_n 〈◊〉_d suppress_v three_o faction_n faction_n heidenstein_n rerum_fw-la polon_n lib._n 8._o p._n 253._o col_fw-fr 1._o several_a candidate_n the_o lutheran_n policy_n minister_n admit_v to_o audience_n audience_n heidenstein_n lib._n 8._o p._n 256._o col_fw-fr 2._o election_n sigismond_n iii_o 1587._o lutheran_n party_n dissent_v elect_v and_o proclaim_v maximilian_n but_o pronounce_v traitor_n by_o the_o diet._n a_o comical_a prophecy_n prophecy_n sue_v the_o two_o candidate_n come_v into_o poland_n maximilian_n rout_v by_o the_o polish_v general_n sigisimund_n crown_v maximilian_n beat_v again_o and_o make_v prisoner_n offer_a liberty_n on_o honourable_a term_n dissent_v consent_n sigismond_n be_v marriage_n marriage_n hartknoch_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 2._o p._n 105_o etc._n etc._n crown_v king_n of_o sweden_n 1592._o 1592._o hartknoch_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 2._o p._n 105._o depose_v and_o charl._n ix_o proclaim_v in_o sweden_n what_o cause_v the_o war_n with_o the_o muscovite_n the_o pole_n in_o war_n with_o the_o turk_n invasion_n by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n sigismund_n death_n his_o character_n character_n bizardiere_n p._n 89._o a_o peaceable_a election_n prince_n casimir_n suspect_v for_o a_o competitor_n a_o diet_n call_v proceed_v to_o election_n foreign_a minister_n admit_v dantzic_n first_o allow_v a_o vote_n uladislaus_n vii_o 1632._o his_o marriage_n his_o war_n war_n heidenstein_n lib._n xi_o p._n 327_o etc._n etc._n with_o the_o cosack_n cosack_n constit_fw-la ann._n 1647._o p._n 9_o tit_n ordinacya_n poszty_n his_o death_n john_n casimir_n 1648._o 1648._o piasecius_fw-la ad_fw-la annum_fw-la 1648._o fol._n 599._o a_o diet_n call_v proceed_v to_o election_n prince_n casimir_n oppose_v his_o character_n and_o travel_n like_a to_o be_v exclude_v foreign_a minister_n admit_v casimir_n elect_v his_o marriage_n his_o war_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n invade_v poland_n cause_o of_o his_o invasion_n cracow_n take_v by_o a_o stratagem_n king_n of_o sweden_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o e._n of_o brandenburg_n treaty_n of_o oliva_n oliva_n pufendorf_n rerum_fw-la brandenb_n lib._n viii_o sect._n 55._o etc._n etc._n fol._n 508._o col_fw-fr 2._o motive_n and_o mean_n of_o casimir_n abdication_n casimir_n be_v death_n 1671._o a_o diet_n call_v competitor_n for_o the_o crown_n reduce_v to_o two_o foreign_a minister_n admit_v heat_n arise_v appease_v by_o a_o speech_n a_o plasto_n propose_v propose_v hartknoch_n lib._n â—â—_o cap._n 2._o p._n 109._o policy_n disappoint_v michael_n refuse_v the_o crown_n accept_v it_o the_o primate_n conform_v michael_n wiesnowiski_n 1670._o his_o marriage_n the_o cosack_v rebellion_n favour_v by_o the_o turk_n produce_v a_o bad_a peace_n the_o pole_n march_v to_o recover_v podolia_n conquer_v but_o fail_v in_o their_o design_n michael_n death_n leave_v no_o issue_n issue_n hartknoch_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 2._o p._n 109_o 110._o a_o odd_a story_n a_o diet_n call_v pocee_v to_o election_n several_a candidate_n a_o french_a prince_n propose_v but_o not_o name_v queen_n dowager_n zeal_n only_o three_o competitor_n and_o faction_n leave_v who_o interest_n france_n espouse_n magnificent_a train_n lithuania_n against_o a_o native_a foreign_a minister_n admit_v a_o double_a election_n apprehend_v the_o queen_n and_o patz_n endeavour_v to_o be_v seduce_v lithuania_n tend_v towards_o a_o civil_a war._n poland_n and_o part_n of_o lithuania_n biased_a to_o sobieski_n by_o a_o speech_n patz_n retire_v and_o dissent_v comply_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o lithuania_n john_n iii_o 1674._o his_o father_n his_o mother_n his_o travel_n his_o marriage_n his_o generosity_n a_o jointure_n assign_v the_o queen-dowager_n his_o conquest_n a_o battle_n podhais_n take_v by_o the_o turk_n his_o coronation_n 1676._o my_o lord_n rochester_n embassy_n into_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1676_o peace_n concludedwith_o the_o turk_n audience_n to_o the_o english_a ambassador_n he_o relieve_v vienna_n defeat_v of_o the_o turk_n his_o entry_n through_o the_o breach_n of_o vienna_n he_o pursue_v the_o turk_n take_v zytchin_n in_o hungary_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n against_o the_o turk_n be_v immoderate_o covetous_a his_o person_n and_o dress_n the_o habit_n of_o his_o subject_n his_o character_n he_o engage_v the_o author_n in_o a_o physical_a dispute_n the_o dispute_n continue_v his_o building_n his_o care_n of_o his_o child_n his_o great_a riches_n the_o queen_n first_o come_n into_o poland_n her_o first_o marriage_n her_o age_n and_o qualification_n her_o address_n in_o dispose_v of_o employment_n pr._n james_n his_o character_n his_o intend_a marriage_n disappoint_v but_o marry_v to_o another_o a_o character_n of_o his_o two_o brother_n little_o respect_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n child_n the_o character_n of_o the_o princess_n her_o marriage_n her_o portion_n ceremony_n of_o her_o marriage_n pr._n james_n officiate_n as_o ambassador_n the_o ceremony_n continue_v equipage_n for_o her_o journey_n begin_v her_o journey_n her_o reception_n as_o berlin_n be_v meet_v by_o the_o elector_n proceed_v on_o her_o journey_n the_o king_n sister_n a_o consultation_n of_o physician_n her_o issue_n the_o king_n death_n the_o interregnum_fw-la competitor_n for_o the_o crown_n frederic_n augustus_n 1697._o crown_v k._n of_o poland_n the_o ancient_a extent_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v increase_n by_o conquest_n by_o policy_n present_a extent_n its_o bound_n soil_n its_o product_n number_n of_o town_n and_o village_n climate_n river_n their_o several_a course_n its_o lake_n i._o province_n it_o be_v division_n i._o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o posnan_n gnesna_n koscien_fw-fr uskow_n sremsk_v etc._n etc._n miedzyrzecze_v slupcza_n pysdra_n senator_n of_o posnania_n it_o be_v arms._n ii_o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o kalisch_n kolo_n land_n naklo_n odolanovia_n chocia_n senator_n of_o kalisch_n iii_o palatinate_n the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o siradia_n rosprza_n spicimir_n petricovia_n konarzew_n wart_n lask_n territory_n of_o vielunia_n town_n of_o vielunia_n senator_n of_o siradia_n it_o be_v arms._n arm_n of_o vielunia_n iv._o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o rava_n lowitz_n volboria_n gombin_n sochaczow_n gostinin_n viasdum_fw-la biala_n senator_n of_o rava_n it_o be_v arms._n v._o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi orlow_n bresina_n piatek_n uniejovia_n senator_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi it_o be_v arms._n territory_n of_o cujavia_n i._o palatinate_n of_o cujavia_n city_n and_o town_n of_o uladislaw_n bresty_n nisavia_n radzieow_fw-mi koisinow_n kowalow_v ii_o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o cruswick_n bydgosty_a senator_n of_o cujavia_n it_o be_v arms._n ii_o province_n lesser_a poland_n its_o bound_n i._o 〈◊〉_d city_n and_o town_n of_o cracow_n why_o so_o call_v the_o castle_n the_o cathedral_n the_o bishop_n and_o chapter_n other_o church_n the_o university_n its_o college_n vicechancellor_n monastery_n mendicant_n house_n of_o this_o city_n biecz_n wounitz_n sandecz_n lelow_n kyaz_n osvieczin_n zator_fw-la severia_n czentochova_n slaucovia_n ilcussia_n wieliczka_n bochnia_n dobcitia_fw-la proszovice_n mine_n of_o poland_n account_v of_o salt_n mine_n manna_n find_v senator_n of_o cracovia_n the_o castellans_n power_n mayor_z of_o cracow_n government_n of_o the_o castle_n arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n of_o sandecz_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o oswieczin_n of_o that_o of_o zator_n ii_o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o sendomir_n opatovia_n viazden_n radom_n jedlinsk_n solecia_n ilza_n cunovia_n bozentin_n kielcz_n chencin_n malogost_n sulovia_n
drevicz_n and_o inowlodz_n sydlovecz_n stenzicz_n janovecz_n slupecz_n lagovia_n racovia_n corzin_n wislicz_n pilzno_n poloviec_fw-la zawichost_n zarnow_n zaclicin_n lezaisk_n senator_n of_o sendomir_n it_o be_v arms._n iii_o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o lublin_n casimir_n czemiernikow_n urzendow_n lulow_n parkow_n senator_n of_o lublin_n it_o be_v arms._n iii_o province_n its_o bound_n its_o product_n its_o river_n its_o lake_n royal_a prussia_n i._o palatinate_n ii_o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o culm_n thorn_n it_o be_v arms._n native_a town_n of_o copernicus_n graudentz_n colmensee_n territory_n of_o michalovia_n iii_o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o marienburg_n elbing_n iv._o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o heilsberg_n fraumberg_n brunsberg_n ducal_z prussia_n town_n of_o koningsberg_n senator_n of_o prussia_n it_o be_v arms._n iv._o province_n red-russia_n it_o be_v extent_n i._o palatinate_n i._o district_n city_n and_o town_n of_o leopol_n several_a time_n besiege_v grodeck_n javorisvia_n zolkiew_n it_o be_v arms._n ii_o district_n city_n and_o town_n of_o premislaw_n sambor_n jaroslaw_n lancut_a resovia_n it_o be_v arms._n iii_o district_n city_n and_o town_n of_o halicz_n sniatin_n colom_n martinow_n dolina_n strium_fw-la podock_n brezana_n buczavia_n podhajecia_n iv._o district_n city_n and_o town_n of_o sanoch_n crosna_n brozovia_n etc._n etc._n senator_n of_o sanoch_n ii_o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o caminiec_fw-la trembowla_n laticzow_n bar._n husiatinow_n czartikow_n janow_n etc._n etc._n chmielnick_n miedzibosz_n senator_n of_o podolia_n â—â—s_o arms._n iii_o palatinate_n city_n of_o braclaw_n vinnicza_n senator_n of_o braslaw_n iv._o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o kiow_n kaniow_n circassia_n oczakow_n stepanow_n fastovia_n bohuslaw_n the_o senator_n of_o kiovia_n it_o be_v arms._n v._o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o belsko_n busko_n grodlow_n grabow_n sokal_n senator_n of_o belsko_n it_o be_v arms._n vi_o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o chelm_fw-ge crasnistaw_fw-mi zamoisk_n ratno_n lynbowlya_n senator_n of_o chelm_fw-ge it_o be_v arms._n v._o province_n its_o bound_n inhabitant_n division_n i._o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o warsaw_n wisna_n wissegrod_n ciekanow_n lombze_v rozan_n liw_n pultovia_n czerniensk_n akroczim_n varka_o blonye_n pultowsko_n tarcin_n grodzyec_fw-la prasniz_n senator_n of_o the_o pal._n of_o masovia_n it_o be_v arms._n ii_o palatinate_n ploczko_n sieprcz_n srensko_n mlaw_n radzanow_n senator_n of_o ploskow_n it_o be_v arms._n iii_o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o dobrina_n ripin_n slonsk_n gorzno_n senator_n of_o dobrina_n it_o be_v arms._n vi_o province_n its_o bound_n manner_n of_o the_o people_n their_o superstition_n manr_a of_o sacrifice_v town_n of_o rosienia_n mednick_n poniviess_n cowna_fw-la senator_n of_o samogitia_n vii_o province_n city_n and_o town_n of_o lutzko_n ulodimir_n krzemenec_n brodi_n olika_n constantinow_n zsbarasz_n senator_n of_o volhynia_n it_o be_v arms._n viii_o province_n its_o bound_n city_n and_o town_n of_o byelsko_n drogiczin_n myelnick_n tykoczin_n knyssin_n augustow_v mordi_fw-la wasilkow_n narew_n bransko_n suras_fw-la senator_n of_o the_o province_n of_o podlachia_n it_o be_v arms._n lithuania_n how_o call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v present_a bound_n ancient_a extent_n soil_n and_o product_n union_n with_o poland_n and_o privilege_n division_n arms._n lithuania_n whence_o so_o call_v different_a opinion_n palamon_n borcus_fw-la cunossus_n spera_n kyernus_fw-la gybutus_fw-la zivibundus_fw-la muntwil_n uikint_n zivibundus_fw-la erdzivil_n algimuntus_fw-la mingailus_n skirmunt_fw-la ginvil_n boris_n basilius_n rechwold_n hlebus_n and_o poroskavia_n kukovoitus_fw-la giedrussus_n ringolt_n mindog_n 1240._o acknowledge_v king_n k._n mindog_n murder_v stroinat_fw-la 1263._o woisalk_v 1264._o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n utenus_fw-la swintorohus_n germontus_n trahus_n narimundus_n dowmant_n holsanus_fw-la giedrutus_n troidenus_n rimunt_fw-la vithenes_n 1281._o 1287._o 1289._o 1293._o 1294._o gedeminus_n 1300._o 1304._o troki_n build_v vilna_n build_v 1306._o 1307._o 1308._o 1315._o 1322._o 1323._o 1325._o his_o death_n montividus_fw-la narimundus_n olgerdus_fw-fr keijstutus_n koriatus_n jawnutus_n lubartus_fw-la olgerdus_fw-fr caminiec_n build_v jagello_n 1381._o i._o province_n ii_o province_n i._o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o vilna_n osmian_n bratislaw_n wilkomitz_n ikaznia_n drizwiatz_n senator_n of_o vilna_n it_o be_v arms._n ii_o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o troki_n grodno_n lida_n cowno_n upita_n senator_n of_o troki_n it_o be_v arms._n iii_o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o brescia_n pinsko_n biala_n prepetus_n senator_n of_o briescia_n it_o be_v arms._n i._o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o novogrodec_n slonim_n wolkowisko_n lacowickz_n mysza_n zlucz_n rozan_n neswitz_n senator_n of_o novogrodec_n it_o be_v arms._n ii_o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o mscislaw_n modzir_fw-it dambrownuna_fw-la bychow_n kopysz_n sklow_n reczycza_n viszehorod_n strissin_n senator_n of_o mscislaw_n it_o be_v arms._n iii_o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o witebsko_n orsha_n mohilow_n czasniki_n sienno_n leplo_fw-la woroniec_fw-la senator_n of_o vitebsko_n it_o be_v arms._n iv._o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o minski_n borissow_n koidanow_n radoskowice_n lohoisko_n swislocz_n bobroisko_n odruczko_n senator_n of_o minski_n it_o be_v arms._n v._o palatinate_n city_n and_o town_n of_o polocz_n usacz_n disna_n druha_n senator_n of_o polocz_n it_o be_v arms._n