other_o do_v great_o illustrate_v they_o i_o hope_v also_o that_o a_o pardon_n will_v be_v grant_v i_o for_o the_o siamese_n name_n which_o i_o relate_v and_o explain_v these_o remark_n will_v make_v other_o relation_n intelligible_a as_o well_o as_o i_o which_o without_o these_o illustration_n may_v sometime_o cause_v a_o doubt_n concern_v what_o i_o assert_v in_o a_o word_n those_o with_o who_o i_o be_o acquaint_v do_v know_v that_o i_o love_v the_o truth_n but_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o give_v a_o sincere_a relation_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v true_a it_o be_v requisite_a to_o add_v clearness_n to_o sincerity_n and_o to_o be_v thorough_o inform_v of_o that_o wherein_o we_o undertake_v to_o instruct_v other_o i_o have_v therefore_o consider_v interrogated_a and_o penetrate_v as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a and_o to_o render_v myself_o more_o capable_a of_o do_v it_o i_o careful_o read_v over_o before_o my_o arrival_n at_o siam_n several_a ancient_n and_o modern_a relation_n of_o divers_a country_n of_o the_o east_n so_o that_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o preparation_n have_v supply_v the_o defect_n of_o a_o long_a residence_n and_o have_v make_v i_o to_o remark_n and_o understand_v in_o the_o three_o month_n i_o be_v at_o siam_n what_o i_o can_v not_o perhaps_o have_v understand_v or_o remark_v in_o three_o year_n without_o the_o assistance_n and_o perusal_n of_o those_o discourse_n a_o map_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n part_n i._o of_o the_o country_n of_o siam_n chap._n i._o the_o geographical_a description_n navigation_n have_v sufficient_o make_v know_v the_o sea_n coast_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n and_o many_o author_n have_v describe_v they_o unknown_a how_o much_o this_o kingdom_n be_v unknown_a but_o they_o know_v almost_o nothing_o of_o the_o inland_a country_n because_o the_o siamese_n have_v not_o make_v a_o map_n of_o their_o country_n or_o at_o least_o know_v how_o to_o keep_v it_o secret_n that_o which_o i_o here_o present_a be_v the_o work_n of_o a_o european_a who_o go_v up_o the_o menam_fw-la the_o principal_a river_n of_o the_o country_n to_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o be_v not_o skilful_a enough_o to_o give_v all_o the_o position_n with_o a_o entire_a exactness_n beside_o he_o have_v not_o see_v all_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o give_v his_o map_n to_o mr._n cassini_n director_n of_o the_o observatory_n at_o paris_n to_o correct_v it_o by_o some_o memorial_n which_o be_v give_v i_o at_o siam_n nevertheless_o i_o know_v it_o to_o be_v still_o defective_a but_o yet_o it_o fail_v not_o to_o give_v some_o notice_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o and_o of_o be_v more_o exact_a in_o those_o we_o already_o have_v its_o frontier_n extend_v northward_o to_o the_o 22d._o degree_n or_o thereabouts_o northward_o its_o frontier_n northward_o and_o the_o road_n which_o terminate_v the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n be_v almost_o at_o the_o latitude_n of_o 13_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a it_o follow_v that_o this_o whole_a extent_n of_o which_o we_o hardly_o have_v any_o knowledge_n run_v about_o 170_o league_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n reckon_v 20_o league_n to_o a_o degree_n of_o latitude_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o seaman_n the_o siamese_n do_v say_v that_o the_o city_n of_o chiamai_n be_v fifteen_o day_n journey_n more_o to_o the_o north_n than_o the_o frontier_n of_o their_o kingdom_n that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o most_o lake_n the_o city_n of_o chiamai_n and_o its_o lake_n between_o sixty_o and_o seventy_o league_n for_o they_o be_v journey_n by_o water_n and_o against_o the_o stream_n it_o be_v about_o thirty_o year_n since_o their_o king_n as_o they_o report_v take_v this_o city_n and_o abandon_v it_o after_o have_v carry_v away_o all_o the_o people_n and_o it_o have_v be_v since_o repeopled_a by_o the_o king_n of_o ava_n to_o who_o pegu_n do_v at_o present_a render_v obedience_n but_o the_o siamese_n which_o be_v at_o that_o expedition_n do_v not_o know_v that_o famous_a lake_n from_o whence_o our_o geographer_n make_v the_o river_n menam_n arise_v and_o to_o which_o according_a to_o they_o this_o city_n give_v its_o name_n which_o make_v i_o to_o think_v either_o that_o it_o be_v more_o distant_a than_o our_o geographer_n have_v conceive_v or_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o lake_n it_o may_v also_o happen_v that_o this_o city_n adjoin_v to_o several_a kingdom_n and_o be_v more_o subject_a than_o another_o to_o be_v ruin_v by_o war_n have_v not_o always_o be_v rebuilt_a in_o the_o same_o place_n and_o this_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o imagine_v of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v build_v only_o with_o wood_n as_o all_o in_o these_o country_n be_v and_o which_o in_o their_o destruction_n leave_v not_o any_o ruin_n nor_o foundation_n however_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o menam_n spring_v from_o a_o lake_n by_o reason_n it_o be_v so_o small_a at_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n that_o for_o about_o fifty_o league_n it_o carry_v only_o little_a boat_n capable_a of_o hold_v no_o more_o than_o four_o or_o five_o person_n at_o most_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n be_v bound_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o north_n by_o high_a mountain_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o laos_n valley_n the_o country_n of_o siam_n be_v only_o a_o valley_n and_o on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n by_o other_o which_o divide_v it_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o pegu_n and_o ava_n this_o double_a chain_n of_o mountain_n inhabit_v by_o a_o few_o savage_a and_o poor_a but_o yet_o free_a people_n who_o life_n be_v innocent_a leave_v between_o they_o a_o great_a valley_n contain_v in_o some_o place_n between_o fourscore_o and_o a_o hundred_o league_n in_o breadth_n and_o be_v water_v from_o the_o city_n of_o chiamai_n to_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n with_o a_o excellent_a river_n which_o the_o siamese_n call_v menam_a or_o mother-water_n to_o signify_v a_o great_a water_n which_o be_v increase_v by_o the_o brook_n and_o river_n it_o receive_v on_o every_o side_n from_o the_o mountain_n i_o have_v mention_v discharge_v itself_o at_o last_o into_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n by_o three_o month_n the_o most_o navigable_a of_o which_o be_v that_o towards_o the_o east_n river_n city_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n on_o this_o river_n and_o about_o seven_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n be_v seat_v the_o city_n of_o bancok_n and_o i_o shall_v transient_o declare_v that_o the_o siamese_n have_v very_o few_o habitation_n on_o their_o coast_n which_o be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o thence_o but_o be_v almost_o all_o seat_v on_o river_n navigable_a enough_o to_o afford_v they_o the_o commerce_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o to_o the_o name_n of_o most_o of_o these_o place_n which_o for_o this_o reason_n may_v be_v call_v maritime_a they_o be_v disguise_v by_o foreigner_n thus_o the_o city_n of_o bancok_n be_v call_v fon_n in_o siamese_n it_o not_o be_v know_v from_o whence_o the_o name_n of_o bancok_n be_v derive_v although_o there_o be_v several_a siamese_n name_n that_o begin_v with_o the_o word_n ban_n which_o signify_v a_o village_n bancok_n the_o garden_n of_o bancok_n the_o garden_n which_o be_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o bancok_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o league_n in_o ascend_v towards_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n to_o a_o place_n name_v talacoan_v do_v supply_v this_o city_n with_o the_o nourishment_n which_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n love_v best_a i_o mean_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o fruit._n menam_fw-la other_o city_n on_o the_o menam_fw-la the_o other_o principal_a place_n which_o the_o menam_fw-la water_n be_v metac_a the_o first_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o north_n north-west_n and_o then_o successive_o tian-tong_n campeng_v pet_n or_o campeng_n simple_a which_o some_o do_v pronounce_v campingue_n laconcevan_n tchainat_n siam_n talacoan_n talaqueou_fw-mi and_o bancok_n between_o the_o two_o city_n of_o tchainat_n and_o siam_n and_o at_o a_o distance_n which_o the_o maeander_n of_o the_o river_n do_v render_v almost_o equal_a from_o each_o other_o the_o river_n leave_v the_o city_n of_o louvo_n a_o little_a to_o the_o east_n at_o the_o 14_o d._n 42_o m._n 32_o s._n of_o latitude_n according_a to_o the_o observation_n which_o the_o jesuit_n have_v publish_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n do_v there_o spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o year_n the_o more_o commodious_o to_o enjoy_v the_o diversion_n of_o hunt_v but_o louvo_n will_v not_o be_v habitable_a be_v it_o not_o for_o a_o channel_n cut_v from_o the_o river_n to_o water_v it_o the_o city_n of_o metac_a render_v obedience_n to_o a_o hereditary_a lord_n who_o they_o say_v be_v a_o vassal_n to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n who_o some_o call_v paya-tac_a
or_o prince_n of_o tac._n tian-tong_n be_v ruin_v doubtless_o by_o the_o ancient_a war_n of_o pegu._n campeng_n be_v know_v by_o the_o mine_n of_o excellent_a steel_n menam_n another_o river_n likewise_o call_v menam_n at_o the_o city_n of_o laconcevan_n the_o menam_n receive_v another_o considerable_a river_n which_o come_v also_o from_o the_o north_n and_o be_v likewise_o call_v menam_n a_o name_n common_a to_o all_o great_a river_n our_o geographer_n make_v it_o to_o spring_v from_o the_o lake_n of_o chiamai_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o have_v its_o source_n in_o the_o mountain_n which_o lie_v not_o so_o much_o to_o the_o north_n as_o this_o city_n it_o run_v first_o to_o mevang-fang_n then_o to_o pitchiai_n pitsanoulouc_n and_o pitchit_n and_o at_o last_o to_o laconcevan_n where_o it_o mix_v as_o i_o have_v say_v with_o the_o other_o river_n pitsanoulouc_n which_o the_o portuguese_n do_v corrupt_o call_v porselouc_n have_v former_o have_v hereditary_a lord_n like_o the_o city_n of_o metac_a and_o justice_n be_v at_o present_a execute_v in_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o ancient_a prince_n it_o be_v a_o city_n of_o great_a commerce_n fortify_v with_o fourteen_o bastion_n and_o be_v at_o 19_o degree_n and_o some_o minute_n latitude_n laconcevan_n stand_v about_o the_o midway_n from_o pitsanoulouc_n or_o porselouc_n to_o siam_n a_o distance_n compute_v to_o be_v twenty_o five_o day_n journey_n for_o those_o that_o go_v up_o the_o river_n in_o a_o boat_n or_o balloon_n but_o this_o voyage_n may_v be_v perform_v in_o twelve_o day_n when_o they_o have_v a_o great_a many_o rower_n and_o they_o ascend_v the_o river_n with_o speed_n wood._n city_n of_o wood._n these_o city_n like_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n be_v only_o a_o great_a number_n of_o cabin_n frequent_o environ_v with_o a_o enclosure_n of_o wood_n and_o sometime_o with_o a_o brick_n or_o stone_n wall_n but_o very_o rare_o of_o stone_n nevertheless_o as_o the_o eastern_a people_n have_v ever_o have_v as_o much_o magnificence_n and_o pride_n in_o the_o figure_n of_o their_o language_n as_o simplicity_n and_o poverty_n in_o whatever_o appertain_v to_o life_n the_o name_n of_o these_o city_n do_v signify_v great_a thing_n tian-tong_n for_o instance_n signify_v true_a gold_n campeng_v pet_n wall_n of_o diamond_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o its_o wall_n be_v of_o stone_n mevang-fang_n the_o superstition_n of_o the_o siamese_n at_o mevang-fang_n and_o laconcevan_n signify_v the_o mountain_n of_o heaven_n a_o map_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n menam_fw-la from_o siam_n to_o the_o sea._n such_o another_o superstition_n prevail_v at_o a_o place_n name_v prabat_fw-la prabrat_n another_o superstition_n at_o prabrat_n about_o five_o or_o six_o league_n to_o the_o east-north-east_n of_o the_o city_n of_o louvo_n the_o superstition_n be_v this_o in_o the_o balie_n language_n which_o be_v the_o learned_a tongue_n of_o the_o siamese_n or_o the_o tongue_n of_o their_o religion_n bat_n signify_v a_o foot_n and_o the_o word_n pra_z of_o which_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a exact_o to_o render_v the_o signification_n signify_v in_o the_o same_o tongue_n whatever_o may_v be_v conceive_v worthy_a of_o veneration_n and_o respect_n the_o siamese_n do_v give_v this_o title_n to_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n but_o they_o do_v also_o give_v it_o to_o sommona-codom_a to_o their_o king_n and_o some_o considerable_a officer_n the_o prabat_fw-la be_v therefore_o the_o print_n of_o a_o man_n foot_n be_v what_o it_o be_v cut_v by_o a_o ill_a graver_n upon_o a_o rock_n but_o this_o impression_n contain_v about_o 13_o or_o 14_o inch_n in_o depth_n be_v five_o or_o six_o time_n as_o long_o as_o a_o man_n foot_n and_o proportionable_o as_o broad_a the_o siamese_n adore_v it_o and_o be_v persuade_v that_o the_o elephant_n especial_o the_o white_a one_o the_o rhinoceros_n and_o all_o the_o other_o beast_n of_o their_o wood_n do_v likewise_o go_v to_o worship_v it_o when_o no_o person_n be_v there_o and_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n himself_o go_v to_o adore_v it_o once_o a_o year_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o pomp_n and_o ceremony_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o plate_n of_o gold_n and_o enclose_v in_o a_o chapel_n which_o be_v there_o build_v they_o report_v that_o this_o rock_n which_o be_v now_o very_o flat_a and_o like_o a_o new_a mow_v field_n be_v former_o a_o very_a high_a mountain_n which_o shrink_v and_o wax_v level_a on_o a_o sudden_a under_o the_o foot_n of_o sommona-codom_a in_o memory_n of_o who_o they_o believe_v that_o the_o impression_n of_o the_o foot_n do_v there_o remain_v nevertheless_o it_o be_v certain_a by_o the_o testimony_n of_o ancient_a man_n that_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o tradition_n exceed_v not_o 90_o year_n a_o talapoin_n or_o religious_a siamese_n of_o that_o time_n have_v doubtless_o make_v this_o impression_n himself_o or_o procure_v it_o to_o be_v make_v and_o then_o feign_v to_o have_v miraculous_o discover_v it_o and_o without_o any_o other_o appearance_n of_o truth_n give_v reputation_n and_o credit_n to_o this_o fable_n of_o the_o level_a mountain_n now_o in_o all_o this_o the_o siamese_n be_v only_o gross_a imitator_n superstition_n the_o original_a of_o this_o superstition_n in_o the_o history_n of_o india_n it_o be_v relate_v with_o what_o respect_n a_o king_n of_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n keep_v a_o ape_n tooth_n which_o the_o indian_n aver_v to_o be_v a_o relic_n and_o with_o what_o sum_v he_o endeavour_v to_o purchase_v and_o ransom_v it_o from_o constantine_n of_o brigantium_n than_o viceroy_n of_o the_o indies_n who_o have_v find_v it_o among_o the_o spoil_n take_v from_o the_o indian_n but_o constantine_n choose_v rather_o to_o burn_v it_o and_o afterward_o throw_v the_o ash_n into_o a_o river_n it_o be_v know_v likewise_o that_o in_o the_o same_o island_n of_o ceylon_n which_o the_o indian_n do_v call_v lanca_n and_o on_o a_o real_a mountain_n which_o be_v not_o level_v there_o be_v a_o pretend_a print_n of_o a_o man_n foot_n which_o have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n be_v in_o great_a veneration_n there_o it_o doubtless_o represent_v the_o left_a foot_n for_o the_o siamese_n report_n that_o sommona-codom_a set_v his_o right_a foot_n on_o their_o prabat_fw-la and_o his_o left_a on_o lanca_n although_o the_o whole_a gulf_n of_o bengala_n run_v between_o they_o the_o portuguese_n have_v call_v the_o print_n at_o ceylon_n adam_n foot_n be_v what_o the_o adam_n foot_n of_o ceylon_n be_v and_o believe_v that_o ceylon_n be_v the_o terrestrial_a paradise_n from_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o indian_n at_o ceylon_n who_o declare_v that_o the_o impression_n which_o they_o reverence_v be_v the_o print_n of_o the_o first_o man_n every_o one_o of_o these_o heathenish_a nation_n vigorous_o assert_v that_o the_o first_o man_n inhabit_v their_o country_n thus_o the_o chineses_n do_v call_v the_o first_o man_n puoncuò_n and_o believe_v that_o he_o inhabit_v china_n i_o say_v nothing_o of_o some_o other_o impression_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o be_v revere_v in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o indies_n nor_o of_o the_o pretend_a print_n of_o hercules_n foot_n mention_v by_o herodotus_n 82._o lib._n 4._o c._n 82._o i_o return_v to_o my_o subject_n chap._n ii_o a_o continuation_n of_o the_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n with_o a_o account_n of_o its_o metropolis_n siam_n other_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o pegu_n be_v seat_v the_o city_n of_o cambory_n and_o on_o the_o border_n of_o laos_n the_o town_n of_o corazema_n which_o some_o do_v call_v carissima_fw-la both_o very_a famous_a and_o in_o the_o land_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o river_n above_o the_o city_n of_o laconcevan_n and_o on_o the_o channel_n which_o have_v a_o communication_n from_o one_o river_n to_o the_o other_o there_o be_v two_o other_o considerable_a city_n socotai_n almost_o in_o the_o same_o latitude_n with_o pitchit_n and_o sanquelouc_n more_o to_o the_o north._n describe_v a_o country_n intersect_v with_o channel_n the_o city_n of_o siam_n describe_v the_o country_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o it_o be_v inhabitable_a only_o near_o river_n the_o siamese_n have_v cut_v a_o great_a many_o channel_n and_o without_o have_v better_a memoir_n or_o notes_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o reckon_v up_o all_o the_o city_n seat_v thereon_o it_o be_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o these_o channel_n call_v by_o the_o siamese_n cloum_n that_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n be_v not_o only_o become_v a_o island_n but_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o several_a island_n which_o render_v the_o situation_n thereof_o very_o singular_a the_o isle_n wherein_o it_o be_v situate_v be_v at_o present_a all_o enclose_v within_o its_o wall_n which_o certain_o be_v not_o in_o the_o time_n of_o ferdinand_n mendez_n pinto_n if_o notwithstanding_o the_o continual_a mistake_n of_o
this_o author_n who_o seem_v to_o rely_v too_o much_o on_o his_o memory_n we_o may_v believe_v what_o he_o say_v that_o the_o elephant_n of_o the_o king_n of_o pegu_n who_o then_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o siam_n do_v so_o near_o approach_v the_o wall_n as_o with_o their_o trunk_n to_o beat_v down_o the_o palisadoe_n which_o the_o siamese_n have_v there_o place_v to_o cover_v themselves_o it_o be_v latitude_n according_a to_o father_n thomas_n the_o jesuit_n be_v 14_o d._n 20_o m._n 40_o s._n and_o its_o longitude_n 120_o d._n 30_o m._n it_o have_v almost_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o purse_n the_o mouth_n of_o which_o be_v to_o the_o east_n and_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o west_n the_o river_n meet_v it_o at_o the_o north_n by_o several_a channel_n which_o run_v into_o that_o which_o environ_n it_o and_o leave_v it_o on_o the_o south_n by_o separate_v itself_o again_o into_o several_a stream_n the_o king_n palace_n stand_v to_o the_o north_n on_o the_o canal_n which_o embrace_v the_o city_n and_o by_o turn_v to_o the_o east_n there_o be_v a_o causey_n by_o which_o alone_a as_o by_o a_o isthmus_n people_n may_v go_v out_o of_o the_o city_n without_o cross_v the_o water_n the_o city_n be_v spacious_a consider_v the_o circuit_n of_o its_o wall_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v enclose_v the_o whole_a isle_n but_o scarce_o the_o six_o part_n thereof_o be_v inhabit_v and_o that_o to_o the_o southeast_n only_o the_o rest_n lie_v desert_n where_o the_o temple_n only_o stand_v it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o suburb_n which_o be_v possess_v by_o stranger_n do_v considerable_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o the_o people_n the_o street_n thereof_o be_v large_a and_o straight_o and_o in_o some_o place_n plant_v with_o tree_n and_o pave_v with_o brick_n lay_v edgewise_o the_o house_n be_v low_a and_o build_v with_o wood_n at_o least_o those_o belong_v to_o the_o native_n who_o for_o these_o reason_n be_v expose_v to_o all_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o excessive_a heat_n most_o of_o the_o street_n be_v water_v with_o strait_a canal_n which_o have_v make_v siam_n to_o be_v compare_v to_o venice_n and_o on_o which_o be_v a_o great_a many_o small_a bridge_n of_o hurdle_n and_o some_o of_o brick_n very_o high_a and_o ugly_a name_n its_o name_n the_o name_n of_o siam_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o siamese_n it_o be_v one_o of_o those_o word_n which_o the_o portague_n of_o the_o indies_n do_v use_v and_o of_o which_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o discover_v the_o original_a they_o use_v it_o as_o the_o name_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o not_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o name_n of_o pegu_n lao_n mogul_n and_o most_o of_o the_o name_n which_o we_o give_v to_o the_o indian_a kingdom_n be_v likewise_o national_a name_n so_o that_o to_o speak_v right_o we_o must_v say_v the_o king_n of_o the_o peguin_n laos_n mogul_n siams_n as_o our_o ancestor_n say_v the_o king_n of_o the_o franc_n in_o a_o word_n those_o that_o understand_v portuguese_a do_v well_o know_v that_o according_a to_o their_o orthography_n siam_n and_o siaom_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o that_o by_o the_o similitude_n of_o our_o language_n to_o they_o we_o ought_v to_o say_v the_o zion_n and_o not_o the_o siams_n so_o when_o they_o write_v in_o latin_a they_o call_v they_o siones_n franc_n the_o true_a name_n of_o the_o siamese_n signify_v franc_n a_o map_n of_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n a._n the_o city_n b._n the_o palace_n c._n the_o port_n d._n the_o arsenal_n for_o the_o ship_n e._n the_o arsenal_n for_o the_o ballon_n &_o galley_n f._n the_o street_n of_o the_o bazar_n g._n the_o seminary_n h._n the_o portuguese_a jacobins_n i._o the_o portugese_n jesuites_n k._n the_o dutch_a factory_a l._n the_o inclosur_n where_o the_o elephant_n be_v take_v m._n a_o house_n begin_v for_o the_o french_a ambassador_n 800_o french_a toise_n the_o bambou_n tree_n the_o arvore_fw-la de_fw-fr raiz_n a_o map_n of_o bancock_n a_o vessel_n of_o filigran_a a_o plaugh_n the_o arc_n kier_n as_o for_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n the_o siamese_n do_v call_v it_o si-yo-thi-ya_a the_o o_o of_o the_o syllable_n the_fw-mi being_n close_o than_o our_o dipthong_n a_o sometime_o also_o they_o call_v it_o crung_v the-papra_a maha_o nacon_n but_o most_o of_o these_o word_n be_v difficult_a to_o understand_v because_o they_o be_v take_v from_o this_o baly_n language_n which_o i_o have_v already_o declare_v to_o be_v the_o learned_a language_n of_o the_o siamese_n and_o which_o they_o themselves_o do_v not_o always_o perfect_o understand_v i_o have_v already_o remark_v what_o i_o know_v concern_v the_o word_n pra_z that_o of_o maha_n signify_v great_a thus_o in_o speak_v of_o their_o king_n they_o style_v he_o pra_fw-la maha_n crassat_fw-la and_o the_o word_n crassat_n according_a to_o their_o report_n signify_v live_v and_o because_o the_o portague_n have_v think_v that_o pra_fw-la signify_v god_n they_o imagine_v that_o the_o siamese_n call_v their_o king_n the_o great_a live_a god_n from_o si-yo-thi_a ya_fw-mi the_o siamese_n name_n of_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n foreigner_n have_v make_v judia_n and_o odiaa_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o vincent_n le_fw-fr blanc_n and_o some_o other_o author_n do_v very_o ill_o distinguish_v odiaa_n from_o siam_n in_o a_o word_n the_o siamese_n of_o who_o i_o treat_v do_v call_v themselves_o tai_n no_o siameses_n two_o different_a people_n call_v siameses_n little_a siams_n there_o be_v other_o as_o i_o be_v inform_v altogether_o savage_a which_o be_v call_v tai_n yai_o great_a siams_n and_o which_o do_v live_v in_o the_o northern_a mountain_n in_o several_a relation_n of_o these_o country_n i_o find_v a_o kingdom_n of_o siammon_n or_o siami_n but_o all_o do_v not_o agree_v that_o the_o people_n thereof_o be_v savage_a in_o fine_a the_o mountain_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o common_a frontier_n of_o ava_n frontier_n other_o mountain_n and_o other_o frontier_n pegu_n and_o siam_n gradual_o decrease_v as_o they_o extend_v to_o the_o south_n do_v form_n the_o peninsula_n of_o india_n extra_fw-la gangem_fw-la which_o terminate_n at_o the_o city_n of_o sincapura_n separate_v the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n and_o bengala_n and_o which_o with_o the_o island_n of_o sumatra_n form_n the_o famous_a straight_o of_o malaca_n or_o sincapura_n several_a river_n do_v fall_v from_o every_o part_n of_o these_o mountain_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n and_o bengala_n and_o render_v these_o coast_n habitable_a the_o other_o mountain_n which_o rise_v between_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n and_o laos_n and_o extend_v themselves_o also_o towards_o the_o south_n do_v run_v gradual_o decrease_v till_o they_o terminate_v at_o the_o cape_n of_o camboya_n the_o most_o eastern_a of_o all_o those_o in_o the_o continent_n of_o asia_n towards_o the_o south_n it_o be_v about_o the_o latitude_n of_o this_o cape_n that_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n begin_v and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o this_o name_n extend_v a_o great_a way_n towards_o the_o south_n in_o form_n of_o a_o horseshoe_n on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o gulf_n viz._n along_o the_o eastern_a coast_n to_o the_o river_n chantebon_n where_o the_o kingdom_n of_o camboya_n begin_v and_o opposite_a thereunto_o viz._n in_o the_o peninsula_n extra_fw-la gangem_fw-la which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n of_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n it_o extend_v to_o queda_n and_o patana_n the_o territory_n of_o the_o malayan_o of_o which_o malaca_n be_v former_o the_o metropolis_n after_o this_o manner_n it_o run_v about_o 200_o league_n on_o the_o side_n towards_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n and_o 180_o or_o thereabouts_o on_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengal_n siam_n the_o coast_n of_o siam_n a_o advantageous_a situation_n which_o open_v unto_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n the_o navigation_n on_o all_o these_o vast_a eastern_a sea_n add_v that_o as_o nature_n have_v refuse_v all_o manner_n of_o port_n and_o road_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o coromandel_n which_o form_v the_o gulf_n of_o bengal_n to_o the_o west_n it_o have_v therewith_o enrich_v that_o of_o siam_n which_o be_v opposite_a to_o it_o and_o which_o be_v on_o the_o east_n of_o the_o same_o gulf_n a_o great_a number_n of_o isle_n do_v cover_v it_o bengal_n isle_n of_o siam_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengal_n and_o render_v it_o almost_o everywhere_o a_o safe_a harbour_n for_o ship_n beside_o that_o most_o of_o these_o isle_n have_v very_o excellent_a port_n and_o abundance_n of_o fresh_a water_n and_o wood_n a_o invitation_n for_o new_a colony_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n affect_v to_o be_v call_v lord_n thereof_o although_o his_o people_n who_o be_v very_o thin_a in_o the_o firm_a land_n have_v never_o inhabit_v they_o and_o he_o have_v not_o strength_n enough_o at_o sea_n to_o prohibit_v or_o hinder_v the_o entrance_n thereof_o to_o stranger_n merguy_a the_o city_n of_o merguy_a
the_o city_n of_o merguy_a lie_n on_o the_o north-west_n point_v of_o a_o great_a and_o populous_a island_n which_o at_o the_o extremity_n of_o its_o course_n form_v a_o very_a excellent_a river_n which_o the_o european_n have_v call_v tenasserim_n from_o the_o name_n of_o a_o city_n seat_v on_o its_o bank_n about_o 15_o league_n from_o the_o sea_n this_o river_n come_v from_o the_o north_n and_o after_o have_v pass_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ava_n and_o pegu_n and_o enter_v into_o the_o land_n under_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n jurisdiction_n it_o discharge_v itself_o by_o three_o channel_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengal_n and_o form_n the_o island_n i_o have_v mention_v the_o port_n of_o merguy_a which_o some_o report_n to_o be_v the_o best_a in_o all_o india_n be_v between_o this_o isle_n and_o another_o that_o be_v inhabit_v and_o lie_v opposite_a and_o to_o the_o west_n of_o this_o wherein_o merguy_a be_v situate_v chap._n iii_o concern_v the_o history_n and_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o siamese_n history_n the_o siamese_n little_a curious_a of_o their_o history_n the_o siamese_n history_n be_v full_a of_o fable_n the_o book_n thereof_o be_v very_o scarce_o by_o reason_n the_o siamese_n have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o print_v for_o upon_o other_o account_n i_o doubt_v of_o the_o report_n that_o they_o affect_v to_o conceal_v their_o history_n see_v that_o the_o chinese_n who_o in_o many_o thing_n they_o imitate_v be_v not_o so_o jealous_a of_o they_o however_o that_o matter_n be_v notwithstanding_o this_o pretend_a jealousy_n of_o the_o siamese_n they_o who_o have_v attain_v to_o read_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o history_n of_o siam_n assert_v that_o it_o ascend_v not_o very_o high_a with_o any_o character_n of_o truth_n siamese_n the_o epocha_n of_o the_o siamese_n behold_v a_o very_a dry_a and_o insipid_a chronological_a abridgement_n which_o the_o siamese_n have_v give_v thereof_o but_o before_o we_o proceed_v it_o be_v necessary_a to_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o current_a year_n 1689_o begin_v it_o in_o the_o month_n of_o december_n 1688_o be_v the_o 2233_o of_o their_o aera_fw-la from_o which_o they_o date_n the_o epocha_n or_o beginning_n as_o they_o say_v from_o sommona-codom's_a death_n but_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o this_o epocha_n have_v quite_o another_o foundation_n which_o i_o shall_v afterward_o explain_v king_n their_o king_n their_o first_o king_n be_v name_v pra_fw-la poat_n honne_v sourittep-pennaratui_a sonanne_n bopitra_fw-la the_o chief_a place_n where_o he_o keep_v his_o court_n be_v call_v tchai_n pap_n mahanacon_n the_o situation_n of_o which_o i_o ignore_v and_o he_o begin_v to_o reign_v an._n 1300._o compute_v after_o their_o epocha_n ten_o other_o king_n succeed_v he_o the_o last_o of_o which_o name_v ipoja_n sanne_z thora_n thesma_n teperat_v remove_v his_o royal_a seat_n to_o the_o city_n of_o tasco_n nacora_n lovang_n which_o he_o have_v build_v the_o situation_n of_o which_o be_v also_o unknown_a to_o i_o the_o twelve_o king_n after_o he_o who_o name_n be_v pra_fw-la poa_n noome_n thele_n seri_fw-la oblige_v all_o his_o people_n in_o 1731_o to_o follow_v he_o to_o locintai_n a_o city_n seat_v on_o a_o river_n which_o descend_v from_o the_o mountain_n of_o laos_n and_o run_v into_o the_o menam_fw-la a_o little_a above_o porselouc_n from_o which_o locontai_n be_v between_o 40_o and_o 50_o league_n distant_a but_o this_o prince_n reside_v not_o always_o at_o locontai_n for_o he_o come_v and_o build_v and_o inhabit_v the_o city_n of_o pipeli_n on_o a_o river_n the_o mouth_n of_o which_o be_v about_o two_o league_n to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o most_o occidental_a mouth_n of_o menam_n four_o other_o king_n succeed_v he_o of_o which_o rhamatilondi_n the_o last_o of_o the_o four_o begin_v to_o build_v the_o city_n of_o siam_n in_o 1894_o and_o there_o establish_v his_o court._n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o allow_v to_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n the_o antiquity_n of_o 338_o year_n the_o king_n regent_n be_v the_o twenty_o five_o from_o rhamatilondi_n and_o this_o year_n 1689_o be_v the_o 56_o or_o 57_o year_n of_o his_o age_n thus_o do_v they_o reckon_v 52_o king_n in_o the_o space_n of_o 934_o year_n but_o not_o all_o of_o the_o same_o blood_n king_n the_o race_n of_o the_o present_a king_n mr._n gervaise_fw-fr in_o his_o natural_a and_o political_a history_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n give_v we_o the_o history_n of_o the_o now_o regent_n king_n father_n and_o van_n vliet_n give_v it_o we_o much_o more_o circumstanciate_v in_o his_o historical_a relation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n print_v at_o the_o end_n of_o sir_n thomas_n herbert_n travel_n into_o persia_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n thither_o to_o see_v a_o example_n of_o the_o revolution_n which_o be_v common_a at_o siam_n for_o this_o king_n who_o be_v not_o of_o the_o royal_a race_n though_o vliet_n assert_v the_o contrary_a take_v away_o the_o sceptre_n and_o life_n of_o his_o natural_a lord_n and_o put_v to_o death_n all_o the_o prince_n of_o their_o blood_n except_o two_o which_o be_v alive_a when_o vliet_n write_v but_o of_o who_o i_o can_v not_o learn_v any_o news_n without_o all_o doubt_n this_o usurper_n put_v they_o to_o death_n like_o the_o rest_n and_o in_o truth_n john_n struys_n in_o the_o first_o tome_n of_o his_o voyage_n assert_n that_o this_o be_v the_o fate_n of_o the_o last_o of_o these_o two_o prince_n who_o be_v alive_a in_o the_o year_n 1650_o and_o be_v then_o 20_o year_n old_a the_o tyrant_n put_v he_o to_o death_n that_o very_a year_n with_o one_o of_o his_o sister_n upon_o a_o accusation_n notorious_o false_a but_o a_o remarkable_a circumstance_n of_o the_o history_n of_o his_o usurpation_n be_v that_o enter_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n into_o the_o palace_n he_o force_v the_o king_n to_o quit_v it_o and_o fly_v into_o a_o temple_n for_o refuge_n and_o have_v drag_v this_o unfortunate_a prince_n out_o of_o this_o temple_n and_o carry_v he_o back_o a_o prisoner_n to_o the_o palace_n he_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v declare_v unworthy_a of_o the_o crown_n and_o government_n for_o have_v desert_v the_o palace_n to_o this_o usurper_n who_o die_v in_o 1657_o after_o a_o reign_n of_o 30_o year_n succeed_v his_o brother_n because_o his_o son_n can_v not_o or_o dare_v not_o then_o to_o dispute_v the_o crown_n with_o he_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o secure_v his_o life_n he_o seek_v a_o sanctuary_n in_o a_o cloister_n and_o clothe_v himself_o with_o the_o inviolable_a habit_n of_o a_o talapoin_n but_o he_o afterward_o so_o politic_o take_v his_o measure_n that_o he_o dispossess_v his_o uncle_n who_o fly_v from_o the_o palace_n on_o his_o elephant_n be_v slay_v by_o a_o portuguese_a with_o a_o musket_n ferdinand_n mendez_n pinto_n relate_v that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n siam_n another_o example_n of_o the_o revolution_n of_o siam_n who_o reign_v in_o 1547_o and_o to_o who_o he_o give_v great_a praise_n be_v poison_v by_o the_o queen_n his_o wife_n at_o his_o return_n from_o a_o military_a expedition_n this_o princess_n deliberate_v thus_o to_o prevent_v the_o vengeance_n of_o her_o husband_n by_o reason_n that_o during_o his_o absence_n she_o have_v maintain_v a_o amorous_a commerce_n by_o which_o she_o prove_v with_o child_n and_o this_o author_n add_v that_o she_o soon_o after_o destroy_v the_o king_n she_o own_o son_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o have_v the_o credit_n to_o get_v the_o crown_n set_v upon_o her_o lover_n head_n the_o 11_o of_o november_n 1548._o but_o in_o january_n 1549_o they_o be_v both_o assassinate_v in_o a_o temple_n and_o a_o bastard_n prince_n the_o brother_n and_o uncle_n of_o the_o two_o last_o king_n be_v take_v out_o of_o a_o cloister_n to_o be_v advance_v on_o the_o throne_n the_o crown_n of_o asia_n be_v always_o instable_n and_o those_o of_o india_n china_n and_o japan_n much_o more_o than_o the_o other_o as_o for_o what_o concern_v the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o siamese_n it_o will_v be_v difficult_a to_o judge_v whether_o they_o be_v only_o a_o single_a people_n siamese_n a_o doubt_v as_o to_o the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o siamese_n direct_o descend_v from_o the_o first_o man_n that_o inhabit_v the_o country_n of_o siam_n or_o whether_o in_o process_n of_o time_n some_o other_o nation_n have_v not_o also_o settle_v there_o notwithstanding_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n the_o principal_a reason_n of_o this_o doubt_n proceed_v from_o the_o siamese_n understanding_n two_o language_n viz._n the_o vulgar_a which_o be_v a_o simple_a tongue_n siam_n two_o language_n at_o siam_n consist_v almost_o whole_o of_o monosyllable_n without_o conjugation_n or_o declension_n and_o another_o language_n which_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v of_o which_o to_o they_o be_v a_o dead_a tongue_n know_v only_o by_o the_o learned_a which_o be_v call_v the_o balie_n tongue_n and_o
have_v also_o other_o dignity_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o they_o contain_v but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o believe_v that_o these_o city_n have_v ever_o be_v so_o populous_a as_o the_o title_n of_o their_o governor_n import_n by_o reason_n as_o i_o have_v often_o allege_v that_o these_o people_n be_v very_o proud_a in_o title_n only_o the_o great_a title_n be_v give_v to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o big_a city_n and_o the_o least_o title_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n less_o inhabit_v thus_o the_o city_n of_o metac_a of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v at_o the_o beginning_n have_v a_o governor_n call_v pa-ya-tac_a and_o the_o word_n i_o which_o signify_v mother_n and_o which_o be_v join_v to_o tac_n seem_v to_o intimate_v that_o the_o city_n of_o metac_a be_v very_o great_a the_o city_n of_o porselouc_n have_v also_o a_o pa-ya_a tenasserim_n ligor_fw-la corazema_fw-la and_o other_o have_v still_o some_o ocya_a lesser_a city_n as_o pipeli_n and_o bancock_n have_v the_o oc-pra_a other_o have_v the_o oc-lovang_a or_o the_o oc-counnes_a and_o the_o least_o of_o all_o have_v the_o oc-meving_a the_o portuguese_n have_v translate_v these_o title_n according_a to_o their_o fancy_n by_o those_o of_o king_n viceroy_n duke_n marquis_n earl_n etc._n etc._n they_o have_v give_v the_o title_n of_o kingdom_n to_o metac_n tenassarim_n porselouc_n ligor_fw-la and_o pipeli_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o hereditary_a governor_n or_o for_o have_v be_v like_o pipeli_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n and_o to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n they_o have_v give_v the_o title_n of_o emperor_n because_o the_o spaniard_n have_v ever_o think_v the_o title_n of_o emperor_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v to_o king_n that_o have_v other_o king_n for_o feudatary_n so_o that_o upon_o this_o single_a reason_n some_o king_n of_o castille_n have_v bear_v the_o title_n of_o emperor_n give_v to_o their_o child_n the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o the_o several_a kingdom_n which_o be_v unite_v to_o their_o crown_n province_n the_o dignity_n of_o the_o siamese_n be_v not_o annex_v to_o the_o single_a government_n of_o city_n or_o province_n to_o return_v to_o the_o title_n of_o the_o siamese_n they_o be_v give_v not_o only_o to_o the_o governor_n but_o to_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n because_o that_o they_o be_v all_o nai_n and_o the_o same_o title_n be_v not_o always_o join_v to_o the_o same_o office_n the_o barcalon_n for_o example_n have_v sometime_o have_v that_o of_o pa-ya_a as_o some_o have_v inform_v i_o and_o now_o he_o have_v only_o that_o of_o ocya_a but_o if_o a_o man_n have_v two_o office_n he_o may_v have_v two_o different_a title_n in_o respect_n to_o his_o two_o office_n and_o it_o be_v not_o rare_a that_o one_o man_n have_v two_o office_n one_o in_o the_o city_n and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o province_n or_o rather_o one_o in_o title_n and_o the_o other_o by_o commission_n thus_o ocya_a prasedet_a who_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n in_o title_n be_v now_o ocya_a barcalon_n by_o commission_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n find_v it_o his_o interest_n because_o that_o upon_o this_o account_n he_o give_v not_o to_o one_o officer_n a_o double_a salary_n relation_n the_o equivocation_n which_o this_o cause_n in_o relation_n but_o this_o multiplication_n of_o office_n on_o the_o same_o head_n cause_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o obscurity_n and_o equivocation_n in_o the_o ancient_a relation_n of_o siam_n because_o that_o when_o a_o man_n have_v two_o office_n he_o have_v two_o title_n and_o two_o name_n and_o when_o the_o relation_n import_v that_o such_o a_o ocya_a for_o example_n be_v concern_v in_o such_o a_o thing_n one_o be_v incline_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o relation_n have_v style_v this_o ocya_a by_o the_o title_n of_o the_o function_n which_o it_o attribute_n to_o he_o and_o frequent_o it_o have_v name_v he_o by_o the_o title_n of_o another_o office_n thus_o if_o a_o relation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n make_v by_o a_o siamese_n shall_v intimate_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o mayne_n be_v general_n of_o the_o swiss_n the_o siamese_n may_v groundless_o persuade_v themselves_o that_o every_o general_n of_o the_o swiss_n bear_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o mayne_n and_o this_o be_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v touch_v the_o people_n of_o siam_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n in_o general_n mandarin_n the_o proper_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n mandarin_n the_o portuguese_n have_v general_o call_v all_o the_o officer_n throughout_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o the_o east_n mandarin_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o they_o have_v form_v this_o word_n from_o that_o of_o mandar_fw-la which_o in_o their_o language_n signify_v to_o command_v navarette_n who_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v be_v of_o this_o opinion_n and_o we_o may_v confirm_v it_o because_o that_o the_o arabian_a word_n emir_n which_o be_v use_v at_o the_o court_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n and_o in_o several_a other_o mahometan_a court_n of_o the_o indies_n to_o signify_v the_o officer_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o arabian_a verb_n amara_fw-la which_o signify_v to_o command_v the_o word_n mandarin_n extend_v also_o to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o principal_a officer_n which_o be_v consider_v as_o child_n of_o quality_n call_v mon_n in_o siamese_n but_o i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n mandarin_n only_o to_o signify_v the_o officer_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n therefore_o make_v no_o considerable_a mandarin_n mandarin_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n give_v name_n to_o the_o considerable_a mandarin_n but_o he_o give_v he_o a_o new_a name_n a_o custom_n establish_v also_o at_o china_n and_o in_o other_o state_n of_o the_o east_n this_o name_n be_v always_o a_o elogium_fw-la sometime_o it_o be_v purposely_o invent_v like_o that_o which_o he_o give_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o metelpolis_n and_o like_o those_o which_o he_o give_v to_o the_o foreigner_n that_o be_v at_o his_o court_n but_o oftentimes_o these_o name_n be_v ancient_a and_o know_v for_o have_v be_v former_o give_v to_o other_o and_o those_o be_v the_o most_o honourable_a which_o have_v be_v heretofore_o bear_v by_o person_n very_o high_o advance_v in_o dignity_n or_o by_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n and_o although_o such_o name_n be_v not_o always_o accompany_v with_o office_n and_o authority_n they_o cease_v not_o to_o be_v a_o great_a mark_n of_o favour_n it_o likewise_o happen_v that_o the_o same_o name_n be_v give_v to_o several_a person_n of_o different_a dignity_n so_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o one_o for_o example_n will_v call_v himself_o oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n and_o the_o other_o oc-counne_a pipitcharatcha_n these_o name_n of_o which_o the_o first_o word_n be_v only_o speak_v and_o which_o do_v every_o one_o make_v a_o period_n be_v take_v almost_o all_o entire_a out_o of_o the_o baly_n tongue_n and_o be_v not_o always_o well_o understand_v but_o this_o and_o the_o style_n of_o the_o law_n which_o participate_v very_o much_o of_o the_o baly_n and_o the_o book_n of_o religion_n which_o be_v baly_n be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n ought_v not_o to_o ignore_v this_o tongue_n forasmuch_o as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v it_o lend_v all_o its_o ornament_n to_o the_o siamese_n and_o that_o oftentimes_o they_o do_v elegant_o intermix_v they_o either_o in_o speak_v or_o in_o writing_n the_o law_n of_o the_o state_n be_v that_o all_o office_n shall_v be_v hereditary_a hereditary_a all_o office_n be_v hereditary_a and_o the_o same_o law_n be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o laos_n and_o be_v ancient_o at_o china_n but_o the_o sell_n of_o office_n be_v not_o there_o permit_v and_o moreover_o the_o least_o fault_n of_o the_o patent_n or_o the_o capricious_a humour_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o the_o dotage_n of_o the_o inheritor_n may_v take_v away_o the_o office_n from_o the_o family_n and_o when_o this_o happen_v it_o be_v always_o without_o recompense_n very_o few_o family_n do_v long_o maintain_v themselves_o therein_o especial_o in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o court_n which_o be_v more_o than_o the_o rest_n under_o the_o master_n power_n moreover_o no_o officer_n at_o siam_n have_v any_o salary_n the_o prince_n lodge_v they_o office_n the_o profit_n of_o the_o office_n which_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n and_o give_v they_o some_o moveable_n as_o box_n of_o glod_n or_o silver_n for_o betel_n some_o arm_n and_o a_o balloon_n some_o beast_n as_o elephant_n horse_n and_o buffalo_n some_o service_n slave_n and_o in_o fine_a some_o arable_a land_n all_o which_o return_v to_o the_o king_n with_o the_o office_n and_o which_o do_v principal_o make_v the_o king_n to_o be_v the_o heir_n of_o his_o officer_n but_o the_o principal_a gain_n of_o the_o office_n
consist_v in_o extorsion_n because_o that_o in_o this_o there_o be_v no_o justice_n for_o the_o weak_a all_o the_o officer_n do_v hold_v a_o correspondence_n in_o pillage_n and_o the_o corruption_n be_v great_a in_o those_o from_o whence_o the_o remedy_n ought_v to_o come_v the_o trade_n of_o present_n be_v public_a the_o least_o officer_n do_v give_v unto_o the_o great_a under_o a_o title_n of_o respect_n and_o a_o judge_n be_v not_o there_o punish_v for_o have_v receive_v present_n if_o otherwise_o he_o be_v not_o convict_v of_o injustice_n which_o be_v not_o very_o easy_a to_o do_v the_o form_n of_o the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n consist_v in_o swallow_v the_o water_n fidelity_n the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n over_o which_o the_o talapoin_n do_v pronounce_v some_o imprecation_n against_o he_o who_o be_v to_o drink_v it_o in_o case_n he_o fail_v in_o the_o fidelity_n which_o he_o owe_v to_o his_o king_n this_o prince_n dispense_v not_o with_o this_o oath_n to_o any_o person_n that_o engage_v themselves_o in_o his_o service_n of_o what_o religion_n or_o nation_n soever_o the_o public_a law_n of_o siam_n be_v write_v in_o three_o volume_n write_v the_o public_a law_n of_o siam_n be_v write_v the_o first_o be_v call_v pra_fw-la tam_fw-la ramires_n and_o contain_v the_o name_n function_n and_o prerogative_n of_o all_o the_o office_n the_o second_o be_v entitle_v pra_fw-la tam_fw-la non_fw-la and_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n and_o the_o three_o be_v the_o pra_fw-la rayja_n cammanot_n wherein_o be_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o now_o regent_n king_n father_n nothing_o will_v have_v be_v more_o necessary_a than_o a_o faithful_a extract_n of_o these_o three_o volume_n thereof_o the_o difficulty_n of_o procure_v the_o book_n thereof_o right_o to_o make_v know_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n but_o so_o far_o be_v i_o from_o be_v able_a to_o get_v a_o translation_n that_o i_o can_v not_o procure_v a_o copy_n thereof_o in_o siamese_n it_o will_v have_v be_v necessary_a upon_o this_o account_n to_o continue_v long_o at_o siam_n and_o with_o less_o business_n this_o be_v therefore_o what_o i_o can_v learn_v certain_o about_o this_o matter_n without_o the_o assistance_n of_o those_o book_n and_o in_o a_o country_n where_o every_o one_o be_v afraid_a to_o speak_v the_o great_a token_n of_o servitude_n of_o the_o siamese_n be_v that_o they_o dare_v not_o to_o open_v their_o mouth_n about_o any_o thing_n that_o relate_v to_o their_o country_n chap._n iu._n concern_v the_o office_n of_o judicatory_a province_n the_o division_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n by_o province_n the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a the_o upper_a lie_n towards_o the_o north_n see_v that_o the_o river_n descend_v from_o thence_o and_o contain_v seven_o province_n which_o be_v name_v by_o their_o chief_a city_n porselouc_n sanquelouc_n lacontai_n campeng-pet_n coconrepina_n pechebonne_n and_o pitchai_n at_o porselouc_n do_v immediate_o arise_v ten_o jurisdiction_n at_o sanquelouc_n eight_o at_o lacontai_n seven_o at_o campeng-pet_n ten_o at_o coconrepina_n five_o at_o pechebonne_n two_o and_o at_o pitchai_n seven_o and_o beside_o this_o there_o be_v in_o the_o upper_a siam_n one_o and_o twenty_o other_o jurisdiction_n to_o which_o no_o other_o jurisdiction_n resort_v but_o which_o do_v resort_v to_o the_o court_n and_o be_v as_o so_o many_o little_a province_n in_o the_o low_a siam_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o reckon_v the_o province_n of_o jor_n patana_n ligor_fw-la tenasserim_n chantebonne_n petelong_v or_o bordelong_v and_o tchiai_n on_o jor_n do_v immediate_o depend_v seven_o jurisdiction_n on_o patana_n eight_o on_o ligor_fw-la twenty_o on_o tenasserim_n twelve_o on_o chantebonne_n seven_o on_z petelong_v eight_o and_o on_o tchiai_n two_o and_o beside_o this_o there_o be_v likewise_o in_o the_o low_a siam_n thirteen_o small_a jurisdiction_n which_o be_v as_o so_o many_o particular_a province_n which_o resort_v only_o to_o the_o court_n and_o to_o which_o no_o other_o jurisdiction_n resort_v the_o city_n of_o siam_n have_v its_o province_n apart_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o state_n between_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a siam_n judge_n the_o governor_n be_v the_o judge_n the_o whole_a tribunal_n of_o judicature_n consist_v proper_o only_a in_o a_o single_a officer_n see_v that_o it_o be_v the_o chief_a or_o precedent_n only_o that_o have_v the_o deliberate_a voice_n and_o that_o all_o the_o other_o officer_n have_v only_o a_o consultative_a voice_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n receive_v also_o at_o china_n and_o in_o the_o other_o neighbour_a state_n but_o the_o most_o important_a prerogative_n of_o the_o precedent_n be_v to_o be_v the_o governor_n of_o his_o whole_a jurisdiction_n and_o to_o command_v even_o the_o garrison_n if_o there_o be_v any_o unless_o the_o prince_n have_v otherwise_o dispose_v thereof_o by_o a_o express_a order_n so_o that_o as_o in_o other_o place_n these_o office_n be_v hereditary_a it_o be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n for_o some_o of_o these_o governor_n and_o especial_o the_o most_o powerful_a and_o for_o the_o most_o remote_a from_o court_n to_o withdraw_v themselves_o whole_o or_o in_o part_n from_o the_o royal_a authority_n siam_n jor_a belong_v no_o more_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o of_o siam_n thus_o the_o governor_n of_o jor_n render_v obedience_n no_o long_o and_o the_o portuguese_n give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o king_n and_o it_o may_v be_v he_o never_o intend_v to_o obey_v unless_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n shall_v extend_v itself_o as_o relation_n declare_v to_o the_o whole_a peninsula_n extra_fw-la gangem_fw-la jor_a be_v the_o most_o southern_a city_n thereof_o seat_v on_o a_o river_n which_o have_v its_o mouth_n at_o the_o cape_n of_o sincapura_n and_o which_o form_n a_o very_a excellent_a port._n patana_n nor_o patana_n the_o people_n of_o patana_n live_v like_o those_o of_o achem_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n under_o the_o domination_n of_o a_o woman_n who_o they_o always_o elect_v in_o the_o same_o family_n and_o always_o old_a to_o the_o end_n that_o she_o may_v have_v no_o occasion_n to_o marry_v and_o in_o the_o name_n of_o who_o the_o most_o trusty_a person_n do_v rule_v the_o portuguese_n have_v likewise_o give_v she_o the_o title_n of_o queen_n and_o for_o tribute_n she_o send_v to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n every_o three_o year_n two_o small_a tree_n the_o one_o of_o gold_n the_o other_o of_o silver_n and_o both_o load_v with_o flower_n and_o fruit_n but_o she_o owe_v not_o any_o assistance_n to_o this_o prince_n in_o his_o war_n whether_o these_o gold_n and_o silver_n tree_n be_v a_o real_a homage_n or_o only_o a_o respect_n to_o maintain_v the_o liberty_n of_o commerce_n as_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n send_v present_v every_o three_o year_n to_o the_o king_n of_o china_n in_o consideration_n of_o trade_n only_o be_v what_o i_o can_v allege_v but_o as_o the_o king_n of_o china_n honour_v himself_o with_o these_o sort_n of_o present_n and_o take_v they_o for_o a_o kind_n of_o homage_n it_o may_v well_o be_v that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n do_v not_o less_o value_v himself_o on_o the_o present_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o queen_n of_o patana_n although_o she_o be_v not_o perhaps_o his_o vassal_n the_o siamese_n do_v call_v a_o hereditary_a governor_n tchaou-mevang_a lord_n the_o governor_n be_v lord_n tchaou_fw-la signify_v lord_n and_o mevang_n a_o city_n or_o province_n and_o sometime_o a_o kingdom_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v ruin_v and_o destroy_v the_o most_o potent_a tchaou-mevang_a as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v and_o have_v substitute_v in_o their_o place_n some_o triennial_n governor_n by_o commission_n these_o commission-governor_n be_v call_v pouran_n and_o pou_n signify_v a_o person_n beside_o the_o present_n which_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a may_v receive_v as_o i_o have_v declare_v tchaou-mevang_a the_o profit_n or_o right_n of_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a his_o other_o legal_a right_n be_v first_o equal_o to_o share_v with_o the_o king_n the_o rent_n that_o the_o arable_a land_n do_v yield_v which_o they_o call_v naa_n that_o be_v to_o say_v field_n and_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n these_o rent_n be_v a_o mayon_n or_o quarter_n part_n of_o a_o tical_a for_o forty_o fathom_n or_o two_o hundred_o foot_n square_a 2_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a have_v the_o profit_n of_o all_o confiscation_n of_o all_o the_o penalty_n to_o the_o exchequer_n and_o ten_o per_fw-la cent._n of_o all_o the_o fine_n to_o the_o party_n the_o confiscation_n be_v fix_v by_o law_n according_a to_o the_o case_n and_o be_v not_o always_o the_o whole_a estate_n not_o even_o in_o case_n of_o sentence_n of_o death_n but_o sometime_o also_o they_o extend_v to_o the_o body_n not_o only_o of_o the_o person_n condemn_v but_o of_o
since_o improve_v it_o from_o very_o plentiful_a mine_n and_o though_o not_o very_o skilful_a yet_o they_o cease_v not_o to_o get_v a_o considerable_a revenue_n by_o it_o this_o tin_n or_o calin_n as_o the_o portuguese_n report_n be_v sell_v through_o all_o india_n it_o be_v soft_a and_o base_o purify_v and_o a_o specimen_fw-la thereof_o be_v see_v in_o the_o common_a ten_o box_n or_o cannister_n which_o come_v from_o this_o country_n but_o to_o render_v it_o hard_o and_o white_a like_o that_o of_o the_o fine_a tea_n box_n they_o mix_v it_o with_o cadmia_n a_o sort_n of_o mineral_n easy_o reducible_a to_o powder_n which_o be_v melt_v with_o the_o copper_n make_v it_o yellow_a but_o it_o render_v both_o these_o metal_n more_o brittle_a and_o it_o be_v this_o white_a tin_n which_o they_o call_v tontinague_n this_o be_v what_o mr._n vincent_n relate_v on_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o mine_n of_o siam_n loadstone_n mine_n of_o loadstone_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o city_n of_o louvo_n they_o have_v a_o mountain_n of_o loadstone_n they_o have_v another_o also_o near_o jonsalam_n a_o city_n seat_v in_o a_o island_n of_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengal_n which_o be_v not_o above_o the_o distance_n of_o a_o man_n voice_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o siam_n but_o the_o loadstone_n which_o be_v dug_n at_o jonsalam_n lose_v its_o virtue_n in_o three_o or_o four_o month_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o in_o that_o of_o louvo_n stone_n precious_a stone_n in_o their_o mountain_n they_o find_v very_o curious_a agate_n and_o mr._n vincent_n inform_v i_o that_o he_o have_v see_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o talapoin_n who_o secret_o busy_a themselves_o in_o these_o researche_n some_o sample_n or_o piece_n of_o saphire_n and_o diamond_n that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o mine_n he_o assure_v i_o also_o that_o some_o particular_a person_n have_v find_v some_o diamond_n and_o give_v they_o to_o the_o king_n officer_n be_v retire_v to_o pegu_n by_o by_o reason_n they_o have_v not_o receive_v any_o recompense_n steel_n steel_n i_o have_v already_o say_v that_o the_o city_n of_o campeng-pet_n be_v famous_a for_o mine_n of_o excellent_a steel_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n do_v forge_v arm_n thereof_o after_o their_o fashion_n as_o sabres_fw-es poniard_n and_o knife_n the_o knife_n which_o they_o call_v pen_n be_v use_v by_o all_o and_o be_v not_o look_v upon_o as_o arm_n although_o it_o may_v serve_v upon_o occasion_n the_o blade_n thereof_o be_v three_o or_o four_o finger_n broad_a and_o about_o a_o foot_n long_o the_o king_n give_v the_o sabre_n and_o the_o poniard_n they_o wear_v the_o poniard_n on_o the_o left_a side_n hang_v a_o little_a before_o the_o portuguese_n do_v call_v it_o christ_n a_o word_n corrupt_v from_o crid_n which_o the_o siamese_n use_n this_o word_n be_v borrow_a from_o the_o malayan_a language_n which_o be_v famous_a throughout_o the_o east_n and_o the_o crid_n which_o be_v make_v at_o achim_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n do_v pass_v for_o the_o best_a of_o all_o as_o for_o the_o sabre_n a_o slave_n always_o carry_v it_o before_o his_o master_n on_o his_o right_a shoulder_n as_o we_o carry_v the_o musket_n on_o the_o left_a they_o have_v iron_n mine_n which_o they_o know_v how_o to_o melt_v iron_n iron_n and_o some_o have_v inform_v i_o that_o they_o have_v but_o little_a thereof_o beside_o they_o be_v bad_a forge-man_n for_o their_o galley_n they_o have_v only_o wooden_a anchor_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o these_o anchor_n may_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n they_o fasten_v stone_n unto_o they_o they_o have_v neither_o pin_n nor_o needle_n nor_o nail_n nor_o chisel_n nor_o saw_n they_o use_v not_o a_o nail_n in_o build_v their_o house_n although_o they_o be_v all_o of_o wood._n every_o one_o make_v pin_n of_o bambou_n even_o as_o our_o ancestor_n use_v thorn_n for_o this_o purpose_n to_o they_o there_o come_v padlock_n from_o japan_n some_o of_o iron_n which_o be_v good_a and_o other_o of_o copper_n which_o be_v very_o naught_o they_o do_v make_v very_o bad_a gunpowder_n the_o defect_n they_o say_v powder_n salt-petre_n and_o powder_n proceed_v from_o the_o salt-petre_n which_o they_o gather_v from_o their_o rock_n where_o it_o be_v make_v of_o the_o dung_n of_o batts_n animal_n which_o be_v exceed_o large_a and_o very_a plentiful_a throughout_o india_n but_o whether_o this_o salt-petre_n be_v good_a or_o bad_a the_o king_n of_o siam_n sell_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o it_o to_o stranger_n have_v describe_v the_o natural_a riches_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o forest_n of_o siam_n it_o will_v be_v proper_a in_o this_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o elephant_n rhinoceros_n tiger_n and_o all_o other_o savage_a beast_n wherewith_o they_o be_v store_v yet_o see_v this_o matter_n have_v be_v sufficient_o explicate_v by_o a_o great_a many_o other_o i_o shall_v omit_v it_o to_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o inhabit_a and_o cultivate_v land_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o cultivated_a land_n and_o their_o fertility_n they_o be_v not_o stony_a it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o find_v a_o flint_n clayie_a the_o country_n of_o siam_n be_v clayie_a and_o this_o make_v i_o to_o believe_v of_o the_o country_n of_o siam_n what_o some_o have_v report_v of_o egypt_n that_o it_o have_v be_v gradual_o form_v of_o the_o clayish_a earth_n which_o the_o rain-water_n have_v carry_v down_o from_o the_o mountain_n before_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o menam_fw-la there_o be_v a_o bank_n of_o owse_n which_o in_o the_o sea-phrase_n be_v call_v the_o bar_n and_o which_o prohibit_v entrance_n to_o great_a ship_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o will_v increase_v itself_o by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o will_v in_o time_n make_v a_o new_a shore_n to_o the_o firm_a land_n it_o be_v therefore_o this_o mud_n descend_v from_o the_o mountain_n siam_n the_o annual_a inundation_n fatten_v the_o land_n of_o siam_n that_o be_v the_o real_a cause_n of_o the_o fertility_n of_o siam_n wherever_o the_o inundation_n extend_v itself_o in_o other_o and_o especial_o on_o the_o high_a place_n all_o be_v dry_v and_o burn_v with_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o the_o ra_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o likewise_o in_o spain_n who_o climate_n be_v more_o temperate_a if_o the_o land_n be_v natural_o fertile_a as_o for_o example_n between_o murcia_n and_o carthagena_n where_o the_o seed_n yield_v sometime_o a_o hundred_o fold_n they_o be_v nevertheless_o so_o subject_a to_o drought_n infect_v and_o other_o inconvenience_n that_o it_o frequent_o happen_v that_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o whole_a harvest_n several_a year_n together_o and_o it_o be_v this_o which_o betide_v all_o the_o country_n of_o india_n which_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o be_v overflow_v and_o which_o beside_o the_o barrenness_n of_o the_o soil_n do_v suffer_v the_o ravages_n of_o contagious_a and_o pestilential_a distemper_n which_o succeed_v it_o but_o the_o annual_a inundation_n give_v to_o siam_n the_o assurance_n and_o plenty_n of_o the_o rice_n harvest_n and_o render_v this_o kingdom_n the_o nourisher_n of_o several_a other_o beside_o the_o inundation_n fatten_v the_o land_n it_o destroy_v the_o infect_v infect_v it_o destroy_v the_o infect_v although_o it_o always_o leave_v a_o great_a many_o which_o extreme_o incommode_v nature_n instruct_v all_o the_o animal_n of_o siam_n to_o avoid_v the_o inundation_n the_o bird_n which_o perch_v not_o in_o our_o country_n as_o partridge_n and_o pigeon_n do_v all_o perch_n in_o that_o the_o pismire_n double_o prudent_a do_v here_o make_v their_o nest_n and_o magazine_n on_o tree_n siam_n white_a aunt_n at_o siam_n there_o be_v white_a aunt_n which_o among_o other_o ravages_n which_o they_o make_v do_v pierce_v book_n through_o and_o through_o the_o missionary_n be_v oblige_v to_o preserve_v they_o by_o varnish_v they_o over_o the_o cover_n and_o edge_n with_o a_o little_a cheyram_n which_o hinder_v they_o not_o from_o open_v after_o this_o precaution_n the_o aunt_n have_v no_o more_o power_n to_o bite_v and_o the_o book_n be_v more_o agreeable_a by_o reason_n that_o this_o gum_n be_v mix_v with_o nothing_o that_o colour_n it_o have_v the_o same_o lustre_n as_o the_o glass_n wherewith_o we_o cover_v picture_n in_o miniature_n this_o will_v be_v no_o dear_a nor_o difficult_a experiment_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o cheyram_n will_v not_o defend_v the_o wood_n of_o our_o bed_n against_o bug_n it_o be_v this_o same_o cheyram_n which_o be_v spread_v upon_o canvas_n make_v it_o appear_v like_o horn._n therewith_o they_o use_v to_o environ_v the_o great_a cresset-light_n which_o some_o report_v to_o be_v of_o horn_n and_o all_o of_o a_o piece_n sometime_o also_o those_o little_a cup_n varnish_v with_o red_a which_o come_v to_o we_o from_o japan_n and_o who_o lightness_n astonish_v we_o do_v consist_v
king_n chance_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o mandarin_n himself_o descend_v upon_o this_o table_n and_o there_o prostrate_v himself_o his_o whole_a equipage_n do_v likewise_o follow_v his_o example_n and_o his_o balloon_n stir_v not_o till_o the_o king_n be_v out_o of_o sight_n state_n the_o balon_n of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v call_v balon_n of_o state_n the_o imperial_o of_o the_o balon_n of_o state_n be_v all_o over_o gild_a as_o well_o as_o the_o pagaye_n they_o be_v support_v by_o column_n and_o load_v with_o several_a piece_n of_o sculpture_n in_o pyramid_n and_o some_o have_v shed_n against_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o balloon_n where_o the_o king_n person_n be_v there_o be_v four_o captain_n or_o officer_n to_o command_v the_o equipage_n two_o before_o and_o two_o behind_o they_o sit_v cross-legged_a and_o this_o be_v the_o ornament_n of_o the_o balon_n balon_n the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o balon_n now_o as_o these_o vessel_n be_v very_o narrow_a and_o very_o proper_a to_o cut_v the_o water_n and_o the_o equipage_n thereof_o numerous_a it_o can_v be_v imagine_v with_o what_o swiftness_n it_o carry_v they_o even_o against_o the_o stream_n and_o how_o pleasant_a a_o sight_n it_o be_v to_o behold_v a_o great_a number_n of_o balon_n to_o row_v together_o in_o good_a order_n river_n the_o entrance_n of_o the_o king_n ambassador_n into_o the_o river_n i_o confess_v that_o when_o the_o king_n ambassador_n enter_v in_o the_o river_n the_o beauty_n of_o the_o show_v surprise_v i_o the_o river_n be_v of_o a_o agreeable_a breadth_n and_o notwithstanding_o its_o maeander_n there_o be_v always_o discover_v a_o very_a great_a extent_n of_o its_o channel_n the_o bank_n whereof_o be_v two_o hedge-row_n continual_o green_a this_o will_v be_v the_o best_a theatre_n in_o the_o world_n for_o the_o most_o sumptuous_a and_o magnificent_a feast_n but_o no_o magnificence_n appear_v like_o a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n devote_v to_o serve_v you_o there_o be_v near_o three_o thousand_o embark_v in_o seventy_o or_o eighty_o balon_n which_o make_v the_o train_n of_o the_o ambassador_n they_o row_v in_o two_o rank_n and_o leave_v the_o balloon_n with_o the_o king_n ambassador_n in_o the_o middle_n every_o one_o be_v animate_v and_o in_o motion_n all_o eye_n be_v take_v up_o with_o the_o diversity_n and_o number_n of_o the_o balon_n and_o with_o the_o pleasantness_n of_o the_o river_n channel_n and_o yet_o the_o ear_n be_v divert_v by_o a_o barbarous_a but_o agreeable_a noise_n of_o song_n acclamation_n and_o instrument_n in_o the_o interval_n of_o which_o the_o imagination_n cease_v not_o to_o have_v a_o sensible_a taste_n of_o the_o natural_a silence_n of_o the_o river_n in_o the_o night_n there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o beauty_n by_o reason_n that_o every_o balloon_n have_v its_o lantern_n and_o that_o a_o noise_n which_o please_v be_v much_o more_o pleasant_a in_o the_o night_n siam_n the_o ancient_a magnificence_n of_o the_o court_n of_o siam_n it_o be_v assert_v at_o siam_n that_o the_o court_n be_v former_o very_o magnificent_a that_o be_v to_o say_v there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o lord_n adorn_v with_o rich_a stuff_n and_o a_o great_a many_o precious_a stone_n and_o always_o attend_v with_o a_o hundred_o or_o two_o hundred_o slave_n and_o with_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o elephant_n but_o this_o be_v go_v ever_o since_o the_o father_n of_o the_o present_a king_n cut_v off_o almost_o all_o the_o most_o considerable_a and_o consequent_o the_o most_o formidable_a siamese_n as_o well_o those_o who_o have_v serve_v he_o in_o his_o revolt_n as_o those_o which_o have_v oppose_v he_o at_o present_v three_o or_o four_o lord_n only_o have_v permission_n to_o use_v those_o chair_n or_o sedan_n which_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o palankin_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o bed_n that_o hang_v almost_o to_o the_o ground_n from_o a_o great_a bar_n which_o man_n carry_v on_o their_o shoulder_n be_v permit_v to_o sick_a person_n and_o some_o disease_a old_a man_n for_o it_o be_v a_o carriage_n wherein_o they_o can_v only_o lie_v along_o but_o though_o the_o siamese_n may_v not_o free_o use_v these_o sort_n of_o convenience_n the_o european_n which_o be_v at_o siam_n have_v more_o permission_n herein_o vmbrella_n vmbrella_n the_o use_n of_o vmbrella_n in_o siamese_n roum_n be_v also_o a_o favour_n which_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n grant_v not_o to_o all_o his_o subject_n although_o the_o umbrella_n be_v permit_v to_o all_o the_o european_n those_o which_o be_v like_a to_o we_o that_o be_v to_o say_v which_o have_v but_o one_o round_a be_v the_o least_o honourable_a and_o most_o of_o the_o mandarin_n have_v thereof_o those_o that_o have_v more_o round_n about_o the_o same_o handle_n as_o if_o they_o be_v several_a vmbrella_n fix_v one_o upon_o another_o be_v for_o the_o king_n alone_o those_o which_o the_o siamese_n do_v call_v clot_n which_o only_o have_v one_o round_o but_o from_o which_o do_v hang_v two_o or_o three_o paint_a clothes_n like_o so_o many_o hang_n one_o low_a than_o the_o other_o be_v those_o which_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n give_v to_o the_o sancrats_n or_o superior_n of_o the_o talapoin_n those_o which_o he_o give_v to_o the_o king_n ambassador_n be_v of_o this_o last_o sort_n and_o with_o three_o clothes_n you_o may_v see_v the_o figure_n thereof_o in_o that_o of_o the_o balon_n of_o the_o king_n ambassador_n talapoin_v the_o umbrella_n of_o the_o talapoin_n and_o the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o word_n talapoin_v the_o talapoin_n have_v vmbrella_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o screen_n which_o they_o carry_v in_o their_o hand_n they_o be_v of_o a_o kind_n of_o palmito_n leaf_n cut_v round_o and_o fold_a and_o the_o fold_n thereof_o be_v tie_v with_o a_o thread_n near_o the_o stem_n and_o the_o stem_n which_o they_o make_v crooked_a like_o a_o s_n be_v the_o handle_n thereof_o in_o siamese_n they_o call_v they_o talapat_o and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o from_o hence_o come_v the_o name_n of_o talapoi_n or_o talapoin_n which_o be_v in_o use_n among_o foreigner_n only_o and_o which_o be_v unknown_a to_o the_o talapoin_v themselves_o who_o siamese_n name_n be_v tchaou-cou_a the_o elephant_n be_v the_o carriage_n of_o every_o one_o that_o can_v take_v one_o by_o hunt_v all_o the_o elephant_n and_o boat_n permit_v to_o all_o or_o purchase_v one_o but_o the_o boat_n be_v the_o more_o universal_a carriage_n no_o person_n can_v travel_v without_o one_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o annual_a inundation_n of_o the_o country_n whilst_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n be_v in_o his_o metropolis_n himself_o when_o and_o how_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n show_v himself_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o his_o court_n require_v that_o he_o show_v himself_o to_o the_o people_n five_o or_o six_o day_n of_o the_o year_n only_o and_o that_o he_o do_v it_o with_o pomp._n heretofore_o the_o king_n his_o predecessor_n do_v first_o break_v up_o the_o ground_n every_o year_n till_o they_o leave_v this_o function_n to_o the_o oc-ya-kaou_a and_o it_o be_v attend_v with_o great_a splendour_n they_o also_o go_v out_o another_o day_n to_o perform_v on_o the_o water_n another_o ceremony_n which_o be_v not_o less_o superstitious_a nor_o less_o splendid_a it_o be_v to_o conjure_v the_o river_n to_o return_v into_o its_o channel_n when_o the_o agriculture_n require_v it_o and_o when_o the_o wind_n incline_v to_o the_o north_n assure_v the_o return_n of_o fair_a weather_n the_o present_a king_n be_v the_o first_o that_o dispense_v with_o this_o troublesome_a work_n and_o it_o be_v several_a year_n since_o it_o seem_v abolish_v because_o say_v they_o that_o the_o last_o time_n he_o perform_v it_o he_o have_v the_o disgrace_n of_o be_v surprise_v with_o rain_n although_o his_o astrologer_n have_v promise_v he_o a_o fair_a day_n ferdinand_n mendez_n pinto_n relate_v that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n use_v to_o show_v himself_o one_o day_n in_o a_o year_n upon_o his_o white_a elephant_n to_o ride_v through_o nine_o street_n of_o the_o city_n and_o to_o extend_v great_a liberality_n to_o the_o people_n this_o ceremony_n if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o use_n be_v now_o abolish_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n never_o mount_v the_o white_a elephant_n and_o the_o reason_n which_o they_o give_v be_v that_o the_o white_a elephant_n be_v as_o great_a a_o lord_n as_o himself_o because_o he_o have_v a_o king_n soul_n like_o he_o thus_o this_o prince_n show_v himself_o in_o his_o metropolis_n no_o more_o than_o twice_o a_o year_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o six_o and_o twelve_o month_n to_o go_v and_o present_a alm_n of_o silver_n yellow_a pagnes_n and_o fruit_n to_o the_o talapoin_n of_o the_o principal_a pagod_n on_o these_o day_n which_o the_o siamese_n do_v call_v van_fw-mi pra_fw-la a_o holy_a or_o excellent_a day_n he_o go_v upon_o a_o
elephant_n to_o the_o pagode_n which_o be_v in_o the_o same_o city_n and_o by_o water_n to_o another_o which_o be_v about_o two_o league_n from_o the_o city_n down_o the_o river_n on_o the_o day_n follow_v he_o send_v the_o like_a alm_n to_o the_o less_o considerable_a pagod_n but_o this_o extend_v not_o above_o two_o league_n from_o the_o metropolis_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o in_o the_o last_o month_n of_o the_o year_n 1687_o this_o prince_n go_v no_o where_n in_o person_n he_o content_v himself_o with_o send_v every_o where_n if_o therefore_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n show_v himself_o in_o his_o metropolis_n it_o be_v upon_o some_o ceremony_n of_o religion_n at_o louvo_n sam_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n live_v with_o less_o pomp_n at_o louvo_n than_o at_o sam_n where_o it_o be_v permit_v he_o to_o lay_v aside_o his_o kingship_n he_o frequent_o go_v abroad_o either_o for_o the_o hunt_n of_o the_o tiger_n and_o elephant_n or_o to_o stir_v himself_o he_o go_v with_o so_o little_a pomp_n that_o when_o he_o march_v from_o louvo_n to_o his_o little_a house_n of_o thlee-poussone_a with_o his_o lady_n he_o give_v not_o any_o carriage_n to_o the_o woman_n which_o be_v of_o the_o company_n which_o be_v doubtless_o a_o respect_n from_o these_o woman_n slave_n to_o their_o mistress_n nevertheless_o he_o have_v always_o in_o his_o retinue_n two_o or_o three_o hundred_o man_n as_o well_o on_o foot_n as_o on_o horseback_n retinue_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n retinue_n but_o what_o be_v this_o in_o comparison_n of_o those_o train_n of_o fifteen_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n which_o the_o relation_n do_v give_v he_o on_o day_n of_o ceremony_n before_o he_o do_v march_v some_o footman_n with_o staff_n or_o with_o long_a trunk_n to_o shoot_v pea_n with_o to_o drive_v all_o the_o people_n out_o of_o his_o way_n and_o especial_o when_o the_o lady_n follow_v he_o and_o likewise_o before_o he_o go_v out_o the_o european_n be_v therewith_o acquaint_v if_o there_o be_v any_o late_o arrive_v to_o avoid_v meet_v he_o as_o for_o all_o the_o asiatic_n they_o very_o well_o know_v this_o custom_n which_o be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o the_o court_n of_o asia_n barros_n report_v that_o in_o the_o true_a india_n when_o a_o nobleman_n walk_v in_o the_o street_n he_o be_v always_o precede_v by_o one_o of_o his_o domestic_n who_o cry_v po_fw-la po_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v close_a close_o to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o the_o ploughman_n may_v disperse_v themselves_o osorius_n report_v that_o it_o be_v the_o ploughman_n that_o be_v oblige_v to_o cry_v out_o and_o he_o subjoin_v that_o it_o be_v for_o fear_n lest_o any_o nobleman_n shall_v touch_v he_o unaware_o and_o revenge_v this_o affront_n by_o kill_v he_o the_o neiras_n i_o call_v noble_n who_o alone_o make_v profession_n of_o arm_n and_o who_o think_v themselves_o defile_v when_o they_o touch_v a_o ploughman_n at_o siam_n and_o china_n the_o principal_a magistrate_n have_v officer_n that_o go_v before_o they_o who_o make_v the_o people_n to_o stand_v in_o rank_n and_o who_o will_v cudgel_v those_o that_o will_v not_o retire_v or_o which_o will_v not_o render_v to_o their_o master_n all_o the_o other_o respect_n which_o be_v due_a unto_o he_o and_o which_o in_o these_o country_n we_o find_v very_o insupportable_a it_o be_v no_o wonder_n therefore_o if_o the_o king_n of_o china_n the_o great_a mogul_n the_o king_n of_o persia_n and_o the_o other_o asiatic_a potentate_n have_v think_v it_o consistent_a with_o their_o dignity_n thus_o to_o advertise_v the_o people_n of_o their_o march_n those_o that_o do_v for_o this_o purpose_n precede_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n be_v call_v conlaban_n and_o coeng_n the_o conlaban_n do_v keep_v the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o coeng_n the_o leave_v and_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o list_n of_o certain_a officer_n that_o coeng_n be_v the_o title_n of_o the_o provost_n it_o be_v upon_o the_o same_o account_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o disperse_v the_o people_n from_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n when_o he_o travel_v that_o two_o officer_n of_o his_o horse_n guard_n of_o man_n and_o laos_n do_v march_n on_o both_o side_n but_o about_o 50_o or_o 60_o pace_n from_o he_o his_o courtesan_n appear_v first_o at_o the_o rendezvouz_n or_o they_o do_v sometime_o follow_v on_o foot_n with_o their_o hand_n join_v on_o their_o breast_n sometime_o they_o follow_v on_o horseback_n sometime_o on_o elephant_n but_o in_o this_o case_n their_o elephant_n have_v no_o chair_n the_o foot_n and_o horse-guard_n do_v likewise_o follow_v but_o confuse_o and_o without_o any_o order_n and_o if_o this_o prince_n stop_v all_o that_o follow_v he_o on_o foot_n prostrate_v themselves_o on_o their_o knee_n and_o elbow_n and_o those_o that_o follow_v on_o horseback_n or_o on_o elephant_n do_v entire_o bow_v down_o themselves_o on_o these_o animal_n those_o which_o be_v name_v schaou-mou_a do_v also_o follow_v a_o foot_n they_o be_v the_o king_n be_v domestic_n which_o be_v not_o slave_n some_o do_v carry_v his_o arm_n and_o other_o his_o box_n with_o betel_n and_o arek_n king_n the_o singular_a respect_n of_o the_o siamese_n for_o their_o king_n when_o this_o prince_n give_v to_o the_o king_n ambassador_n the_o diversion_n of_o take_v a_o elephant_n twelve_o lord_n clothe_v in_o scarlet_a and_o with_o their_o red_a cap_n arrive_v before_o the_o king_n at_o the_o place_n of_o the_o show_n and_o seat_v themselves_o cross-legged_a on_o the_o ground_n before_o the_o place_n where_o the_o king_n their_o master_n be_v to_o stand_v they_o be_v turn_v towards_o the_o place_n of_o the_o show_n but_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o hear_v the_o noise_n of_o this_o prince_n march_n they_o prostrate_v themselves_o on_o their_o knee_n and_o elbow_n towards_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o sound_n come_v and_o as_o the_o noise_n approach_v they_o turn_v themselves_o by_o little_a and_o little_a towards_o the_o noise_n and_o still_o remain_v prostrate_a so_o that_o when_o the_o king_n their_o master_n be_v come_v they_o be_v prostrate_a before_o he_o and_o their_o back_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o show_n and_o whilst_o the_o show_n continue_v they_o make_v not_o any_o motion_n and_o express_v not_o any_o sign_n of_o curiosity_n but_o my_o discourse_n insensible_o lead_v i_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o show_v and_o other_o diversion_n of_o the_o siamese_n chap._n vi_o concern_v the_o show_n and_o other_o diversion_n of_o the_o siamese_n elephant_n the_o way_n of_o catch_v a_o wild_a elephant_n the_o place_n where_o the_o elephant_n be_v that_o they_o will_v take_v be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o very_a broad_a and_o very_a long_a trench_n i_o say_v as_o it_o be_v a_o trench_n because_o it_o be_v not_o make_v by_o dig_v but_o by_o raise_v the_o earth_n almost_o perpendicular_a on_o each_o side_n and_o it_o be_v upon_o these_o terrace_n that_o the_o spectator_n stand_v in_o the_o bottom_n which_o be_v between_o these_o terrace_n be_v a_o double_a row_n of_o trunk_n of_o tree_n above_o ten_o foot_n high_a plant_v in_o the_o earth_n big_a enough_o to_o resist_v the_o attack_n of_o the_o elephant_n and_o far_o enough_o from_o one_o another_o to_o let_v a_o man_n pass_v between_o but_o too_o close_o to_o let_v a_o elephant_n pass_v through_o it_o be_v between_o these_o two_o row_n of_o trunk_n that_o the_o tame_a female_a elephant_n which_o they_o have_v lead_v into_o the_o wood_n have_v entice_v a_o wild_a male_a elephant_n those_o which_o guide_v they_o thither_o do_v cover_v themselves_o with_o leave_n to_o avoid_v fright_v the_o elephant_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o the_o female_a elephant_n have_v understanding_n enough_o to_o make_v the_o cry_v proper_a to_o call_v the_o male_n he_o be_v already_o entrap_v in_o the_o double_a row_n of_o trunk_n by_o follow_v the_o female_n and_o can_v no_o more_o return_n into_o the_o wood_n but_o the_o design_n be_v to_o take_v he_o and_o tie_v he_o to_o shut_v he_o up_o and_o tame_v he_o the_o egress_n from_o the_o space_n wherein_o he_o be_v be_v a_o strait_a cortina_n compose_v also_o of_o great_a trunk_n of_o tree_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o elephant_n be_v enter_v into_o this_o curtain_n the_o gate_n through_o which_o he_o enter_v and_o which_o he_o open_v by_o thrust_v it_o before_o he_o with_o his_o proboscis_n shut_v again_o with_o its_o own_o weight_n the_o other_o gate_n through_o which_o he_o must_v pass_v be_v shut_v and_o beside_o the_o space_n be_v so_o narrow_a that_o he_o can_v turn_v himself_o therein_o the_o difficulty_n be_v to_o engage_v the_o wild_a elephant_n in_o this_o curtain_n and_o to_o engage_v he_o single_a for_o the_o female_n be_v still_o with_o he_o in_o the_o trench_n and_o he_o do_v not_o separate_v from_o they_o several_a siameses_n who_o stand_v behind_o the_o palisadoe_n
have_v its_o chief_n which_o they_o call_v nai_n so_o that_o this_o word_n nai_n be_v become_v a_o term_n of_o civility_n which_o the_o siamese_n do_v reciprocal_o give_v one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o chineses_n do_v interchange_v the_o title_n of_o master_n or_o governor_n company_n what_o difference_n there_o be_v between_o a_o band_n and_o a_o company_n i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o siamese_n people_n be_v divide_v by_o band_n rather_o than_o by_o company_n because_o that_o the_o number_n of_o soldier_n of_o the_o same_o band_n be_v not_o fix_v and_o because_o that_o all_o those_o of_o the_o same_o band_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o company_n in_o the_o army_n and_o i_o have_v say_v that_o nai_n signify_v chief_a though_o some_o translate_v it_o by_o the_o word_n captain_n because_o that_o the_o nai_n do_v not_o always_o lead_v his_o band_n to_o the_o war_n no_o more_o than_o to_o the_o six_o month_n service_n his_o care_n be_v to_o furnish_v as_o many_o man_n out_o of_o his_o band_n as_o be_v require_v either_o for_o the_o war_n or_o for_o the_o six_o month_n service_n parent_n the_o child_n be_v of_o the_o same_o band_n with_o their_o parent_n the_o child_n be_v of_o the_o same_o band_n with_o their_o parent_n and_o if_o the_o parent_n be_v of_o different_a band_n the_o child_n in_o the_o odd_a rank_n be_v of_o the_o mother_n band_n and_o the_o child_n in_o the_o even_a rank_n of_o the_o father_n provide_v nevertheless_o that_o the_o mother_n be_v nai_n have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o marriage_n and_o that_o he_o have_v give_v his_o consent_n thereunto_o otherwise_o the_o child_n will_v be_v all_o of_o the_o mother_n band._n why_o the_o talapoin_n and_o woman_n be_v exempt_a from_o service_n and_o yet_o be_v register_v and_o why_o thus_o though_o the_o talapoin_n and_o woman_n do_v enjoy_v all_o exemption_n from_o service_n as_o not_o be_v esteem_v soldier_n yet_o they_o cease_v not_o to_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o people_n the_o talapoin_n because_o they_o may_v return_v when_o they_o please_v to_o a_o secular_a condition_n and_o that_o then_o they_o fall_v again_o under_o the_o power_n of_o their_o natural_a nai_n the_o woman_n because_o their_o child_n be_v of_o their_o band_n or_o all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n as_o i_o have_v say_v nai_n the_o advantage_n of_o the_o nai_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o nai_n privilege_n to_o be_v able_a to_o lend_v to_o his_o soldier_n soon_o than_o any_o other_o and_o to_o be_v able_a to_o satisfy_v his_o soldier_n creditor_n thereby_o to_o make_v his_o soldier_n his_o slave_n when_o he_o be_v insolvable_a as_o the_o king_n give_v a_o balloon_n to_o each_o officer_n with_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o pagayeurs_n and_o as_o these_o be_v the_o officer_n which_o be_v also_o the_o nai_n every_o officer_n have_v his_o pagayeur_n in_o his_o band._n they_o brand_v they_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o wrist_n with_o a_o hot_a iron_n and_o a_o anchor_n over_o it_o and_o these_o sort_n of_o domestic_n be_v call_v bao_n but_o none_o of_o the_o bao's_n or_o pagayeurs_n owe_v to_o his_o nai_n only_o this_o service_n and_o that_o only_o six_o month_n in_o the_o year_n wherefore_o they_o be_v release_v from_o six_o month_n to_o six_o month_n or_o by_o month_n as_o it_o please_v the_o nai_n the_o nai_n have_v also_o some_o office_n in_o the_o law_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v now_o the_o more_o numerous_a his_o band_n be_v the_o more_o powerful_a he_o be_v esteem_v rest_n what_o at_o siam_n be_v the_o dignity_n of_o pa-ya_a ocya_a and_o the_o rest_n the_o office_n and_o employment_n of_o siam_n be_v important_a only_o in_o this_o the_o dignity_n of_o pa-ya_a ocya_a oc-pra_a oc-lovang_a oc-counne_a oc-meving_a and_o oc-pan_n be_v seven_o degree_n of_o these_o nai_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o title_n of_o oc-pan_n be_v now_o disuse_v pan_n signify_v a_o thousand_o and_o it_o be_v think_v that_o a_o oc-pan_n be_v chief_a of_o a_o thousand_o men._n meuing_fw-mi signify_v ten_o thousand_o and_o it_o be_v think_v that_o a_o oc-meving_a be_v the_o chief_a of_o ten_o thousand_o man_n not_o that_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v so_o but_o that_o in_o the_o indies_n they_o magnify_v the_o title_n no_o person_n can_v give_v i_o the_o true_a signification_n of_o these_o word_n pa-ga_a ocya_a oc-pra_a oc-lovang_a oc-counne_a nor_o how_o many_o man_n be_v assign_v to_o each_o of_o the_o five_o dignity_n but_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o as_o the_o word_n pan_n and_o meuing_fw-mi be_v term_n of_o number_n the_o rest_n be_v so_o too_o the_o word_n oc_n seem_v to_o signify_v chief_a oc._n of_o the_o word_n oc._n for_o they_o have_v another_o title_n without_o function_n viz._n oc-mevang_a which_o seem_v to_o signify_v chief_a of_o a_o city_n in_o that_o mevaug_fw-mi signify_v a_o city_n and_o in_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v be_v make_v oc-mevang_a before_o he_o be_v effectual_o make_v governor_n who_o they_o call_v tchaou-mevang_a lord_n of_o a_o city_n but_o this_o word_n oc_n be_v not_o siamese_n chief_a in_o siamese_n be_v call_v hova_n it_o this_o word_n be_v not_o siamese_n and_o how_o they_o use_v it_o and_o this_o word_n hova_n proper_o signify_v the_o head_n from_o hence_o come_v hova_n sip_n chief_a of_o ten_o which_o be_v as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v the_o title_n of_o he_o that_o mount_v the_o elephant_n at_o the_o crupper_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n they_o call_v he_o that_o bear_v the_o royal_a standard_n in_o the_o balloon_n where_o the_o king_n be_v hovapan_n or_o chief_a of_o a_o thousand_o to_o return_v to_o the_o word_n oc_fw-fr a_o superior_a never_o use_v it_o to_o a_o inferior_a thus_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n speak_v to_o oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n will_v not_o for_o example_n say_v oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n but_o only_o pra-pipitcharatcha_a a_o man_n relate_v his_o own_o title_n himself_o will_v also_o modest_o suppress_v this_o term_n oc_n and_o in_o fine_a the_o inferior_a people_n in_o speak_v of_o the_o high_a officer_n will_v omit_v the_o word_n oc_fw-fr and_o will_v say_v for_o example_n ya-yumrat_a for_o ocya_n yumrat_fw-mi meuing_fw-mi vai_fw-gr for_o oc_n meuing_fw-mi vai_n the_o portuguese_n have_v translate_v the_o word_n pa-ya_a by_o that_o of_o prince_n pa-ya_a of_o the_o word_n pa-ya_a not_o in_o my_o opinion_n from_o their_o right_a understanding_n it_o but_o because_o they_o have_v see_v this_o title_n give_v to_o prince_n and_o that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n give_v it_o himself_o but_o he_o sometime_o give_v it_o also_o to_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o court_n which_o be_v not_o prince_n and_o he_o give_v it_o not_o always_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n court_n be_v call_v according_a to_o bernier_n hazary_n dou-hazary_a penge_n hecht_fw-mi and_o deh-hazary_a that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o thousand_o two_o thousand_o five_o eight_o and_o ten_o thousand_o as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v lord_n over_z so_o many_o thousand_o of_o horse_n though_o in_o reality_n they_o can_v neither_o maintain_v nor_o command_v so_o great_a a_o number_n the_o great_a mogul_n elder_a son_n he_o say_v be_v call_v twelve_o thousand_o as_o if_o he_o have_v the_o effective_a command_n of_o twelve_o thousand_o horse_n it_o be_v no_o strange_a thing_n therefore_o that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n subject_n be_v esteem_v soldier_n as_o those_o of_o the_o great_a mogul_n be_v esteem_v horseman_n have_v equal_o assume_v in_o both_o court_v the_o term_n of_o number_n to_o express_v the_o high_a dignity_n and_o to_o name_v the_o prince_n themselves_o yet_o i_o can_v affirm_v this_o be_v so_o at_o siam_n by_o reason_n that_o i_o know_v only_o that_o the_o word_n pang_n and_o meuing_fw-mi be_v siamese_n and_o numeral_a term_n but_o as_o to_o the_o other_o name_n of_o dignity_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v some_o have_v inform_v i_o that_o they_o be_v balie_n and_o that_o they_o understand_v they_o not_o i_o know_v that_o in_o the_o country_n of_o laos_n the_o dignity_n of_o pa-ya_a and_o mevang_n and_o the_o honourable_a epithet_n of_o pra_fw-la be_v in_o use_n it_o may_v be_v also_o that_o the_o other_o term_n of_o dignity_n be_v common_a to_o both_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o law_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o six_o dignity_n for_o that_o of_o oc-pan_n be_v obsolete_a siam_n six_o order_n of_o city_n of_o siam_n as_o i_o have_v say_v there_o be_v now_o at_o siam_n six_o order_n of_o city_n which_o have_v be_v ancient_o determine_v according_a to_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n so_o that_o such_o a_o city_n which_o be_v then_o find_v very_o populous_a have_v a_o pa_n ya_fw-la for_o governor_n and_o such_o which_o be_v less_o populous_a have_v a_o ocya_a and_o the_o rest_n
appeal_v of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v go_v they_o call_v yumrat_n he_o general_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o ocya_a and_o his_o tribunal_n be_v in_o the_o king_n palace_n but_o he_o follow_v not_o the_o king_n when_o that_o prince_n remove_v from_o his_o metropolis_n and_o then_o he_o render_v justice_n in_o a_o tower_n which_o be_v in_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n and_o without_o the_o enclosure_n of_o the_o palace_n to_o he_o alone_o belong_v the_o determinative_a voice_n and_o from_o he_o there_o also_o lie_v a_o appeal_n to_o the_o king_n if_o any_o one_o will_v bear_v the_o expense_n king_n the_o judiciary_n form_n before_o the_o king_n in_o this_o case_n the_o process_n be_v refer_v and_o examine_v by_o the_o king_n council_n but_o in_o his_o absence_n to_o a_o sentence_n inclusive_o consultative_a as_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o council_n of_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a the_o king_n be_v present_a only_a when_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o he_o pronounce_v a_o definitive_a judgement_n and_o according_a to_o the_o general_a form_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o prince_n before_o pass_v the_o sentence_n resume_v all_o the_o opinion_n and_o debate_n with_o his_o councillor_n those_o which_o to_o he_o seem_v unjust_a and_o some_o have_v assure_v i_o that_o the_o present_a king_n acquit_v himself_o herein_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o ingenuity_n and_o judgement_n prasedet_a the_o office_n of_o pra-sadet_a which_o be_v pronounce_v prasedet_a the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n be_v call_v prasedet_a and_o general_o also_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o oc_fw-la ya_fw-la his_o name_n which_o be_v baly_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o word_n pra_z which_o i_o have_v several_a time_n explain_v and_o of_o the_o word_n sedet_fw-la which_o signify_v say_v some_o the_o king_n be_v go_v and_o indeed_o they_o speak_v not_o otherwise_o to_o say_v that_o the_o king_n be_v go_v but_o this_o do_v not_o sufficient_o explain_v what_o the_o office_n of_o prasedet_a be_v and_o in_o several_a thing_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o have_v very_o much_o lose_v the_o exact_a understanding_n of_o the_o baly_n mr._n gervaise_v call_v this_o office_n pesedet_fw-la i_o always_o hear_v it_o call_v prasedet_a and_o by_o able_a man_n although_o they_o write_v it_o pra-sadet_a government_n the_o reception_n which_o the_o governor_n give_v to_o the_o king_n ambassador_n every_o one_o in_o his_o government_n the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n from_o its_o mouth_n to_o the_o metropolis_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a small_a government_n the_o first_o be_v pipeli_n the_o second_o prepadem_n the_o three_o bancock_n the_o four_o talaccan_n and_o the_o five_o siam_n the_o officer_n of_o every_o one_o of_o these_o government_n receive_v the_o king_n ambassador_n at_o the_o entrance_n into_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o they_o leave_v they_o not_o till_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o next_o jurisdiction_n have_v join_v and_o salute_v they_o and_o they_o be_v the_o particular_a officer_n of_o each_o government_n that_o make_v the_o head_n of_o the_o train_n beside_o this_o there_o be_v some_o officer_n more_o considerable_a that_o come_v to_o offer_v the_o king_n their_o master_n balon_n to_o the_o ambassador_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n and_o every_o day_n there_o join_v new_a officer_n that_o come_v to_o bring_v new_a compliment_n to_o the_o ambassador_n and_o who_o quit_v not_o the_o ambassador_n after_o they_o have_v join_v they_o entrance_n the_o place_n where_o the_o king_n ambassador_n expect_v the_o day_n of_o their_o entrance_n the_o king_n ambassador_n arrive_v thus_o within_o two_o league_n of_o siam_n at_o a_o place_n which_o the_o french_a call_v the_o tabanque_n and_o they_o wait_v there_o eight_o or_o ten_o day_n for_o the_o time_n of_o their_o entrance_n into_o the_o metropolis_n tabanque_fw-fr in_o siamese_n signify_v the_o custom_n house_n and_o because_o the_o officer_n house_n which_o stand_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n be_v of_o bamhou_fw-mi like_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o french_a give_v the_o name_n of_o tabanque_n to_o all_o the_o bambou-house_n where_o they_o lodge_v from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o officer_n house_n which_o they_o have_v see_v first_o of_o all_o the_o day_n therefore_o that_o the_o king_n ambassador_n make_v their_o entrance_n they_o the_o governor_n of_o siam_n come_v to_o fetch_v they_o ocya_a prasedet_fw-la as_o governor_n of_o the_o metrpolis_n come_v to_o visit_v and_o compliment_v they_o at_o this_o pretend_a tabanque_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o state_n officer_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o tchacry_n calla-hom_o and_o of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o elephant_n among_o the_o court_n officer_n be_v principal_o those_o general_n of_o the_o chief_a officer_n in_o general_n to_o who_o be_v annex_v the_o function_n of_o our_o secretary_n of_o state_n but_o before_o a_o entrance_n be_v make_v into_o this_o matter_n i_o must_v declare_v that_o all_o the_o chief_a officer_n in_o any_o kind_n of_o affair_n whatever_o have_v under_o they_o as_o many_o of_o those_o subaltern_n officer_n which_o compose_v the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a the_o tchacry_n have_v the_o distribution_n of_o all_o the_o interior_n polity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n tchacry_n of_o the_o tchacry_n to_o he_o revert_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o province_n all_o the_o governor_n do_v immediate_o render_v he_o a_o account_n and_o do_v immediate_o receive_v order_n from_o he_o he_o be_v precedent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n the_o calla-hom_o have_v the_o appointment_n of_o the_o war_n calla-hom_o of_o the_o calla-hom_o he_o have_v the_o care_n of_o the_o fortification_n arm_n and_o ammunition_n he_o issue_v out_o all_o the_o order_n that_o concern_v the_o army_n and_o he_o be_v natural_o the_o general_n thereof_o although_o the_o king_n may_v name_v who_o he_o please_v for_o general_n by_o van_n vliet_n relation_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o command_n of_o the_o elephant_n belong_v also_o to_o the_o calla-hom_o even_o without_o the_o army_n but_o now_o this_o be_v a_o separate_a employment_n as_o some_o have_v assure_v i_o either_o for_o that_o the_o present_a king_n father_n after_o have_v make_v use_v of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o calla-hom_o to_o gain_v the_o throne_n resolve_v to_o divide_v the_o power_n thereof_o or_o that_o natural_o they_o be_v two_o distinct_a office_n which_o may_v be_v give_v to_o a_o single_a person_n however_o it_o be_v it_o be_v oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n corrupt_o call_v petratcha_n elephant_n of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o elephant_n who_o command_v all_o the_o elephant_n and_o all_o the_o horse_n and_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a employment_n of_o the_o kingdom_n because_o that_o the_o elephant_n be_v esteem_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n principal_a force_n some_o there_o be_v who_o report_n that_o this_o prince_n maintain_v ten_o thousand_o but_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v know_v by_o reason_n that_o vanity_n always_o incline_v these_o people_n to_o lie_v and_o they_o be_v more_o vain_a in_o the_o matter_n of_o elephant_n than_o in_o any_o thing_n else_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o laos_n be_v call_v lan-tchang_a and_o its_o name_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v almost_o the_o same_o as_o the_o siamese_n signify_v ten_o million_o of_o elephant_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n keep_v therefore_o a_o very_a great_a number_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o three_o man_n at_o least_o be_v require_v for_o the_o service_n of_o every_o elephant_n and_o these_o man_n with_o all_o the_o officeer_n that_o command_v they_o be_v under_o the_o order_n of_o oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n who_o though_o he_o have_v only_o the_o title_n of_o oc-pra_a be_v yet_o a_o very_a great_a lord_n the_o people_n love_v he_o because_o he_o appear_v moderate_a and_o think_v he_o invulnerable_a because_o he_o express_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o courage_n in_o some_o fight_n against_o the_o peguin_n his_o courage_n have_v likewise_o procure_v he_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n his_o master_n his_o family_n have_v continue_v a_o long_a time_n in_o the_o high_a office_n be_v frequent_o ally_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o it_o be_v public_o report_v that_o he_o or_o his_o son_n oc-lovang_a souracac_n may_v pretend_v to_o it_o if_o either_o of_o they_o survive_v the_o king_n that_o now_o reign_v the_o mother_n of_o oc-pra_a pip_n â—haratcha_fw-mi be_v the_o king_n nurse_n and_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o first_o ambassador_n who_o we_o see_v here_o and_o when_o the_o king_n command_v the_o great_a barcalon_n the_o brother_n of_o this_o ambassador_n to_o be_v bastinado_v the_o last_o time_n it_o be_v oc-lovang_a souracac_n the_o son_n of_o oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n that_o bastinado_v he_o by_o the_o king_n order_n and_o in_o his_o presence_n the_o prince_n nurse_n the_o mother_n of_o the_o barcalon_n lie_v prostrate_a at_o his_o foot_n to_o obtain_v pardon_n for_o she_o son_n chap._n