thereto by the Avarice of their late Governor Soon after 400. the Celtae of the Province of Alentejo their Territories being thronged by the Turdetani who came out of Andaluzia resolved to move farther into the Country and to that purpose made a solemn Sacrifice and swore ever to continue Friends Whilst they were busie in that Solemnity they descried four Sail which made towards the Shoar and understood they came from Laconica in Peloponnesus seeking some Place to settle in The Celtae received them into their Society and they together passing the Tagus and coming to the River Mondego left there a Company of the Lusitanian Turdetani called Colimbrii or Columbri who there settled a Colony which of them was called Colimbria now known by the Name of Condeixa the Old the Ruins which still are to be seen about it being a Testimony of its former Grandeur Yet some will have that City to have been built by Hercules Lybicus Several Towns founded others by the Carthaginians The Lusitanians and Greeks going on they founded Eminium now Ageuda a great City and a Bishop's See in the time of the Romans and Goths They also were the Founders of Talabrica now Aveyro of Lavara of Lameca or Laconia now Lamego and some other Places whereof there is now no Memory The last Place named was built by the Greeks and the Celtae who continuing their Progress fell at Variance forgetting the Oath made at their Setting out in such manner that in cruel Battle among themselves the greatest part of them perished Such as remained spread themselves about that Country and some of them are supposed to be the Founders of Araduca now Guimaraens 7. The Lusitanians and Africans about the Port of Hanibal were at Peace 359. when Boodes came to succeed Hanno the Carthaginian Commander in Spain He introduced himself politickly by fair means into the Affections of the People The Progress of the Carthaginians in Spain and they together sacrificed to Hercules Having thus setled Friendship Boodes with the Consent of the Natives built a Town called Lacobriga in Algarve now Lagos After Boodes came Maherbal who so managed the People that he became absolute over all that part which is now the Kingdom of Algarve and hearing of the Greatness of the City Elvas marched thither with a good Body of Men and by Kindness so won the Hearts of the Inhabitants that they wholly submitted themselves unto him Maherbal falling sick here was told by the Diviners that there was no way to recover his Health but building a Temple to the God Cupid which he did and recovered This Temple was famoâ—â— many Ages after and the Idol called Endovellicus Tâ—â— Image had its Eyes shut a Heart in its Mouth and Wings on its Feet The Priest when he sacrificed to this God stripped himself naked and then put on a loose Garment which traiâ—ed on the Ground his Back and Left Arm remaining naked then with the Right Hand he ripped up a Lamb and took out his Heart which with the Left Hand he cast into the Fire 8. The City Tyre being destroyed by Alexander the Great 318. 15000 of the Inhabitants were saved by the Sidonians who served in his Army Some of them by means of the Carthaginians came into Lusitania The City Mirtiri built by the Tyrians where they founded a Town which they called Mirtiri that is New Tyre now Mertola This same Year Gatelus sailing from Egypt with his whole Family is reported to have landed in Portugal and it is supposed it was at the City Porto He had two Sons Iberus and Humecus the first of them some will have to have sailed into Ireland and given the Name Hibernia to it these are meer Suppositions Some Years after the Greeks between the Rivers Duero and Minho 310 encreased by the coming of the Celtae and Turdetani finding their Multitude too great for that Province by common Consent sent their Sons to find new Seats Some of them settled in the Mountains of Asturias and others along the Banks of the Rivers Erla 303. The Carthaginians being at War with Pyrrhus Prince of the Epirots who was possessed of Siciâ—y drove him thence by the Assistance of the Spanish Auxiliaries among whom were 2000 Lusitanian Celtae 9. Hamilcar Barcinus a Man extraordinary well qualified was sent from Carthage to promote the Interest of that Commonwealth in Spain His mighty Zeal in the Worship of their Idols endeared him to the People and the more to oblige them he resolved to marry a Woman of the Country by her he had Hannibal the Second by Name but far the greatest in Renown His Project of marrying a Lusitanian to gain the Affection of the Natives Hamilcar subdues all Spain was so highly approved of by the Carthaginians that returning home he was sent back to finish what he had so well begun He brought with him his Wife by whom he had Five Children Hannibal Asdrubal Magâ— Hanno and a Daughter After he had settled the Affairs of Andaluzia he passed thence into Lusitania intending to make 〈◊〉 â—he Seminary of Soldiers Having gathered a mightâ— Army he set forward so fortunate that he subdued all the Country from the Streights of Gibraltar to the Pyrenean Mountains Hanibal then a Youth was present at these Exploits and then learnt his first Military Rudiments In the mean while the Vectones who lived betwixt the Rivers Duero and Coa down as far as Tagus and were ancient Enemies to the Celtae of the Province of Alentejo and to the Turdetani considering that the Flower of these People was drawn out under Hamilcar Barcinus laid hold of this Opportunity and invaded their Territories The Celtae asked leave of their General to return Home to defend their Country and he careful of their good Fortune marched back with them The Vectones being strengthened with Supplies waited his coming in a convenient place with a great number of Carts loaded with Wood before them as if they had been upon the March Hamilcar admired their Resolution but understood not the Stratagem He caused the Celtae to give the Charge but neither their Courage nor Martial Discipline availed them for the Vectones setting Fire to the Wood the Oxen being frighted ran so furiously with the Flaming Carts into the midst of them that they were put into Confusion notwithstanding their General did all that was possible to restore the Battle In the heat of the Action he was killed leaving a bloody Victory to the Vectones Asdrubal his Son-in-law and Hannibal gathering the Relicks of the Army fell upon the Phocentians who had assisted the Vectones but these coming to their Relief the two Generals were obliged to raise a greater Power with which they not only subdued the Phocentians but put all to the Sword that were able to bear Arms. This done he marched towards the Vectones who continued to insult the Celtae and sufficiently revenged their Wrongs But the Celtae not so satisfied ceased not
bloody Battel but the Lusitanians not able to bear the Force of the Romans were put to flight Mummius pursuing them with a mighty bloody Slaughter Caesaro played all the Part of a bold Soldier and a prudent General sometimes facing his Enemy and at other times calling upon his Men The Spaniards return and rout the Consul At length what with Intreaties and what with Threats having formed a Body he charged the Romans then dispersed and out of Order with such Gallantry that they were drove back to their Camp with the Loss of 5000 Men. The Lusitanians taking Heart and again gathering Strength assaulted their Trenches and beat them thence killing 5000 more of them but not without the Loss of 10000 of their own Men. Caesaro returned to Lusitania victorious and Mummius with 5000 Men retired to an Eminence strong by Nature Thence his Men came down and defeated some Parties of Lusitanians who dragged the Colours they had taken in their sight and several Colours and part of the Booty was recovered Caesaro returned and though he met with great Opposition obliged the Enemy to ascend the Mountain for Safety Then Mummius vowed if he were victorious to build a Temple in that Place to Proserpina and charging the Lusitanians discomfited them killing their General Caesaro In pursuance of his Vow he there built a Temple to Proserpina which is supposed to have stood near the new Church of St. James the Apostle by Villaviciosa if it be not the same 8. Whilst Mummius was busie in building his Temple 151. the Lusitanians nothing dismayed chose for their General a Citizen of Lisbon called Canchenus He immediately marched to the City Cunesturgi situate near the Place where the Town of Niebla now stands where was a Roman Garrison and in a few Days he made himself Master of it putting many to the Sword and exercising great Cruelty Proud with this Success Canchenus marched to the River Guadalquivir without meeting any Opposition and thence in like manner to Gibraltar plundering all the Country Here the Army was divided into two Parts one designed to make a Conquest in Mauritania the other to expel the Romans out of Andaluzia Whilst the Former were employed in building Vessels to carry them over the Streights the Latter marched into the Province And being come to the City Oraelis supposâ—â— to be Origuela among the Bastetani they found the Enemy encamped and well fortified before the Town The Army being sate down before them many of the Forces marched out to plunder the neighbouring Villages Mummius laying hold of this Opportunity â—ifteen Thousand Spaniards â—â—in by Mummius fell upon them laden with Booty and killed about 15000 of them the rest fled into Lusitania robbing the open Towns as they went The Lusitanians who inhabited that part of Estremadura where the Tagus runs into Portugal ravaged all the Lands of Câ—stite But Mummius with his usual Celerity coming upon them and finding them dispersed made a mighty Slaughter of them and so ended his Praetorship with Honour 150. Marcus Atilius came from Rome to command in Lusitania which he found in Arms and the neighbouring Provinces cruelly invaded Atilius again overthrows them Atilius gave them Battel and though they behaved themselves with much Bravery the Romans had the Victory Atilius then laid Siege to the City Ostraze and taking it by Assault left no Creature alive that was in it Nay the very Stones he so dispersed that nothing remains of that City but the Name This Desolation brought the Lusitanians to treat of Peace and upon tolerable Conditions they submitted themselves to the Romans Many others also followed their Example 9. This Peace was not lasting for the Vectones perceiving that Atilius was far from them they so managed the Affair that they prevailed with the Lusitanians who lived about Ostraze to violate the League so lately made Winter hinder'd Atilius from putting a Stop to their Proceedings and Sergius Galba his Successor was now come into Spain He jealous of the Power of the Lusitanians resolved upon a piece of Treachery which laid an Eternal Blot upon the Honour of Rome Actioâ—s of the Lusitanians in Africk But whilst the Winter passes let us see what was done by the other half of Canchenus's Army left at Gibraltar to pass over into Africk Their first Work was to pillage and ransack all the open Country then laying Siege to Tangier they soon became Masters of it but finding little to satisfie their Avarice they embarked again and returned over into Spain At that time the Consul Lucullus was with his Army among the Turdetani who inhabited along the Coast of the Ocean from Guadiana to Sâ—â—ill He immediately marched against them and killing some the rest retired to a strong Hill which the Consul finding to be inaccessible he laid Siege to them and they began to be pinched with Hunger Therefore in Despair they came down with such Fury that they broke through the Roman Army but left many Prisoners behind Lucullus after this pierced into Lusitania without meeting any Opposition it being then Winter when the Romans used not to wage War 10. Sergius Galba Galba governs the Province the Praetor having taken a rich Booty returned to Andaluzia No sooner did the Spring begin to appear but the Lusitanians desirous of Revenge broke into the Roman Province obliging the Praetor to take the Field sooner than he had designed He thought to have surprized them but they received him in good Order and a bloody Battel ensued in which the Lusitanians was put to the Rout Galba pursuing them with more Fury than Discretion They that fled observing his Army disordered taking the Advantage faced about with such Courage and Fortitude that the victorious Romans were cut down only the Praetor with a few Horse escaping Galba gathering 2000 Men and perceiving the Enemy followed their Husbandry in great Security he passed the River Guadiana near Ayamonte and brought his Army amongst the Turdetani of Algarve burning all before him The People being unprovided sued for Peace which Galba with a treacherous Design seemed to approve of promising to admit of them as Friends and to make an equal Distribution of Lands among them To which purpose they were all appointed three several Places where to meet him that each Man might receive his Proportion Accordingly they met in three Valleys not far distant from one another but covered by the Mountains that encompassed them Here Galba with fair Speeches perswaded them first to lay down their Arms which done as was directed and his Army divided into three parts also he caused each of them to fall upon one of those Parties of Lusitanians who being before disarmed were slaughter'd like Sheep to the Number of 9000. Amongst the few that escaped was Viriatus afterwards the Terrour of the Romans in killing whom Galba had done his Country more Service than in the Slaughter of all the rest CHAP. V. The Exploits of the Great
where we will leave him Tubero left to Govern the Province Pub. Cincinnatus succeeds Caesar as Propraetor kept it in Peace till the coming of the Proconsul Publius Cincinnatus in whose time the Lusitanians began again to raise Arms but Authors do not give us any particular Relation of the Event of those Commotions till the Time of the Praetor Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinter About the same time there marched a mighty Army out of Spain whereof a considerable part were Lusitanians Crassus destroys near 40000 Spaniards The Gauls oppressed by Julius Caesar had called them to their Assistance Publius Crassus Caesar's Legate overthrew them killing and taking Prisoners almost 40000. Whilst this was done in France Quintus Cecilius Dentatus the Praetor in Lusitania raised a dangerous War by endeavouring to carry a great Quantity of Corn out of the Country which moved the People to take up Arms but having forced him to retire and fortifie himself in the Mountain of Venus now called Pomares near Evora they came to a Composition he promising not to carry away the Corn. 52. Quintus Cecilius Metellus was Successor to Dentatus and governed both Provinces of Spain The Vectones of Estremadura and the Vaccei of Old Castile revolting he overthrew them but with so little Loss on their side that being recruited they came upon him then besieging Clunia now Corunna and drove him from the Siege 51. He in like manner making up his Forces returned and gave them a second Rout. Tubero succeeded Metellus 30. as Proconsul He continued the War against the Vectones and Vaccei and was by them in Battel overthrown The Tumults raised by the Vaccei and Vectones moved the Senate to send Pompey to pacifie the Province But whilst he prepared to set forwards with the Grandeur becoming him three Legates came one of them was Petreius whose Province was Lusitania and the Care of quelling the Vaccei and Vectones With him joined the People of Beyra and together they forced their Enemies to sue for Peace After which Petreius went to the Assistance of those of the Province of Beyra 47. against a great Number of the People that came from between the Rivers Duero and Minho who were going over to settle among them and though with considerable Loss he secured the Pass and drove them back 3. Julius Caesar having drove Pompey out of Râ—me was now coming again into Spain The Legates having Notice thereof prepared to oppose him and Petreius joining Afranius they together made up near 60000 Men as well Romans as Spaniards Caesar sent his Legate Caius Fabius to gain the Passes of the Pyrenean Mountains which he performed so successfully that Pompey's Party lying about Leâ—ida saw Cesar's Colours before they had heard of the approach of his Army Caesar returns and expels Pompey's Party Soon after came Caesar himself who reduced the two Legates to that Necessity that they surrender'd themselves into his Power he using no other Severity towards them than to order them to lay down their Arms and depart Spain And they accordingly went away to Pompey then raising Forces in the East This done 44. Caesar returned to Rome leaving the Government of Portugal and Andaluzia with the Title of Pro-Praetor to Quintus Cassius Longinus a Man naturally cruel and an Enemy to the Spaniards He accordingly exercised his Hatred and Avarice and at last laid Seige to the City Mirobriga which offered to buy its Liberty but he set it at so high a Rate that they having 11 Days granted them to resolve in chose rather privately to fly away to the Mountains The Pro-Praetor finding the City empty followed the Inhabitants where he took from them all they had before saved The Herminii thus plunder'd their Number increasing resolved to possess themselves of the Plains along the River Tagus turning out the ancient Proprietors A great Number of them were cut off by the Citizens of Lisbon as they endeavoured to pass that River Then the Mountaineers desisting from their first Purpose encamped about Lisbon but being there surprized in the Night by their Enemies almost all of them perished 4. Cneus and Sextus 43. the Sons of Pompey the Great came into Spain Cneus and Sextus the two Sons of Pompey in Spain invited by the general Consent of the People The Eldest was declared General at Cartagena and set out thence with a good Army Garrisoning all the strong Towns Sextus Pompeius was left at Cordova Julius Caesar's two Legates Pedius and Fabius Maximus observed the Motions of the two Pompeys and gave Caesar an Account of all that passed and he travelled with all possible Speed into Spain In the mean time Philo a Lusitanian raised Men and joined himself to Cneus The Celerity of Caesar was incredible yet came he not so soon but that his Legates were before defeated by Cneus Pompeius with a mighty Slaughter The Legates fled to their Camp where Pompey assaulted them three times and was as often repulsed At last he understood they stole away by Night but in such good Order that he durst not pursue them especially hearing that Caesar was come to Saguntum and that Andaluzia began to mutiny Understanding that Caesar marched towards Cordova he directed his Course thither and to march the lighter he left all his Sick at Capara By the Way he laid Siege to Vlia now Montemayor but it being relieved by Caesar he removed towards Cordova 15 Miles distant where he found his Enemy expecting that the Towns-People would have delivered the Place to him but the Vigilancy of Sextus and the Arrival of Cneus prevented the Design Caesar thus disappointed removed and laid Siege to a strong Place which Pompey had made his Magazin It was then called Ategua and now Teba the Old Pompey marched to relieve it but finding the Besiegers too strong returned with Speed to Cordova yet being sent for by the Besieged he returned again to Ategua and sent in some Succour and Munacius Flaccus to govern in the City He seeing no Hopes to hold out surrender'd himself and the City to Caesar upon Discretion This so enraged Pompey that upon light Surmizes he put to Death almost 80 Men of Note and by this Means made himself odious to all that followed him whereof many deserted 5. In this manner their Affairs went on Caesar overthrows Pompey at Munda till Caesar and Pompey met at Munda now a little Town called Monda five Leagues distant from Malaga This City was Garrison'd by Pompey and in it consisted all his Hopes wherefore he lay to secure it with 60000 Men. Hither Caesar came to engage Pompey and the Battel began most furiously Pompey behaved himself so gallantly that Caesar was once in doubt whether he should not kill himself as despairing of the Victory But considering better he lighted off his Horse and snatching a Buckler from a Soldier ran desperately into the thickest of his Enemies saying to his own Men This Day will
〈◊〉 a King leaving the Formalities of the inauguration of the new King for another place The Judges and their Officers walk a foot from the Town-house with long mourning Cloaks with Hoods to them on their head After them the Town Standard Bearer on a Horse with mourning trappings with black colours on his Shoulder the end whereof trails upon the Ground Then follows the Sheriff with two others in Mourning like the others each of them carrying a Bucler over his head Next to them come the Aldermen followed by a multitude of People in this manner they proceed to the great Church where the Sheriff having made a short Speech declaring the King's death and their great loss he lets fall the Buckler from his head upon the Stones and breaks it to pieces at which the People raise a hideous lamentation Then they go to the Mint and so to the great Hospital at both which places they perform the same Ceremony which done they return to the great Church and hear Mass The third day after is performed the Ceremony of inauguration which shall be spoke of in another place This Ceremony was now performed at Coimbra where Martin then Bishop crowned King Sancho and his Queen Dulcis according to the custom of those times 3. The first action of the new King was paying his Obedience to Pope Vrban III. 1186. after which he so much addicted himself to repairing of Towns and Castles and building others anew He repairs and builds many Towns as also to encouraging of Tilling that he was called the Peopler and the Farmer or Tiller To the Military order of Santiago he gave the Towns of Alcazar Palmela Almada and Arruda to that of Avis Alpedriz and Alcanede to the Templars Idanha He repaired the great Town of Covillam to whose jurisdiction 300 Villages are subject and gave a Charter to it as he did to Gouvea Viseo and Braganza Ferdinand King of Leon entred into Portugal 1187. with greater force than success for after several repulses he was defeated in the Country of Cerolico Bebado now called la Vera The Governour of Villota a Town on a Hill near the City Guardia observing the King of Leon's Army dispersed about the Villages for Plunder gatherered all the Forces near him and marching from Trancoso recovered all the Booty killing many and putting the rest to flight A Fleet of English Flemings and Danes consisting of 53 sail 1188. Commanded by Jaques Lord of Avesnes entred the Mouth of the River Tagus being designed for the Holy Land The King supplied them with all they wanted and designing the Conquest of the City Silves the Metropolis of Algarve Silves in Algarve taken with the help of a Foreign Fleet. and refuge of all the Moorish Pyrates he proposed advantagious terms to these Strangers if they would assist him in that Expedition They consented Articling for the Plunder of the City if taken Forty Portuguese Gallies were joined to the Foreign Fleet besides Tenders carrying Provision and warlike Munitions The King marched with his Army by Land whilst the Fleet made the best of its way at Sea Both being come before the City they furiously Battered and gave several Assaults to it for the space of two Months meeting a vigorous resistance in the Defendants At the end of that time the Moors pressed with Hunger and the continual attacks of the Christians delivered up the City capitulating only for their lives 4. This City of Silves taken 1189. as has been said was again lost the ensuing Year Algarve subdued King Sancho adds that Title to Portugal King Sancho soon returned into Algarve and not only recovered it but took also the Town of Albor and Castle of Abenabacci besides other places This Country thus conquered King Sancho stiled himself King of Algarve and to the Royal Arms of Portugal added an Orle of Castles Some of his Coin has been seen which in the Orle has 7 Castles which number is still used in the Armes of Algarve when separated from those of Portugal King Alonso III. added more making the Number uncertain but King John II. long after fixed the Number again at seven Betwixt this Year and that of 1200 were repeopled the Towns of Penamacor Pinel Torres Novas Azambuja Penucova Gondomar Ermelo Covellinas Soto de Panoyas and Povos Mâ—ntemayor the New was now first Built as also the City Guarda on the side of the Mountain formerly called Herminius now Serra da Estrella 1190. King Sancho entred Andaluzia a second time laid Siege to the Town of Serpa overthrew the Moors that came to relieve it and yet was forced to rise without taking it Soon after it was taken by the Knights of the Order of Avis Peter Fernandez de Castro that famous Castilian who taking offence at his King often led the Moors against him being now General for the King of Morocco did great harm in Portugal All the territory of Tomar was wasted and Abrantes plundered As he was retiring loaded with rich Plunder Martin Lopez a famous Commander encountred him and after a most sharp dispute recovered all the Prey and took him Prisoner 5. The Miramamolin again overwhelmed this Kingdom with an Army of 400000 Horse and 500000 Foot I could wish a Cipher were cut off from each Number and it would appear more credible He took Torres Novas without opposition but Tomar was bravely defended by Galdin Paez Master of the Templers who had done notable service in the Holy Land The Moor offered to exchange the places he had taken for the City Silves but this proposition being rejected by King Sancho he in a fury laid Siege to Santarem where the Plague raging in his Army Robert Labril and Richard Cambil Englishmen with a fleet of 63 Ships arrive at Lisbon and assist the Portuguese against the Moors he was forced to break it up and depart 63 Men of War from the Northern parts arrived at Lisbon commanded by two English Men of Note called Robert Labril and Richard Cambil The first ten that came in aided the King at Santarem against the Miramamolin the others being joined to them there arose such contention betwixt them and the Portuguese as might have been the cause of much Bloodshed had not the King prudently prevented it and sent the Strangers away well contented A most terrible Plague and devouring Famine followed all these great successes and not only destroyed Men in their Houses but even the wild Beasts in the Woods or else they ran to the Towns for Prey whilst Men fled to the Mountains for Shelter 1191. The Monks of Alcobaca perceiving they must of necessity Perish Great Famine hid an Image of our Lady in the Mountain which being afterwards found A total Eclipse of the Sun a Church was built there and called Our Lady of Help To be brief a great part of the Kingdom was altogether unpeopled all this was foreshown by a total Solar Eclipse 6. As if
inhabit passed into the Territories between Cerolico and Trancoso but finding it difficult to settle in that wild Country and among 〈◊〉 People so rude Seâ—â—ral People planâ— new Colonies that they scarce understood one another's Language at two Miles distance they waded over the River Coa and there Peopled all that Country building several Towns The Barbarians of the Coast of Setuval understanding that the Turduli wander'd to find new Seats they passed-over the Tagus to possess their Lands Those who were left behind endeavoured to oppose them but in vain and finding they looked not after Towns but lived in the open Fields they desisted But the Barbarians with the same Ease passed on and crossing the River Mondego settled about Viseo stretching by Degrees to the River Duero The Greeks also that inhabited Galicia attempted to pass the River Minho but they were repulsed by the People of the Province with a great Slaughter on both sides It will not be amiss to give an Hint of the Customs of those People 3. Their Idols were Customs of the Inhabitants Mars and Minerva for the obtaining of Valour and Wisdom To them they offer'd the Right Hands and sometimes the Bodies of their Enemies taken in War In the Entrails of the Sacrifices they made their Observations of future Events In their Feasts an He-Goat was a great Dainty and they did eat upon Round Tables Whilst the Dinner lasted some played upon Noisy Instruments and any Guest might rise and dance Their Sports were Wrestling Running and Pitching the Bar. The Young Men sung the Praises of those that died in Battel Their Weapons were Swords and Daggers and they gave Battel drawn up in close Battalions Their Apparel in Times of Peace was long and wide and their Hair long The Women wore Gowns down to the Ground and Mantles on their Shoulders which served them for Beds Their manner of Dancing was in a Ring Marriages were made to please the Bridegroom not the Father or Friends The Portion was a few Goats And the Chastity of the Women was such that Adultery was scarce to be heard of There were no Physicians among them But the Sick were set in a publick Place and all that passed by advised what they thought best for them Criminals were stoned to Death And all Passengers were obliged to cast a Stone to compleat the Burial of the dead Body No Money was used but all dealt by way of Barter They passed Rivers and fished in Boats made of one Tree hollowed like the Indian Canoes 4. The People inhabiting between the Rivers Duero and Minno 480. passed over into Gallicia and having in a bloody Fight wherein the Women as well as the Men shewed exceeding Valour vanquished the Greeks who possessed that Country they setled amongst them Twelve Thousand Spaniards were entertained by the Carthaginians in their Expedition against Gelon King of Sicily but they and all that Fleet perished The Carthaginians then bent their Thoughts upon the Conquest of Spain Sappho the Carthaginian gathers Gold in Spain whither they sent Sappho General who gathering much Gold in the Mines enriched his Country but was forced to return against those Africans who demanded a certain Tribute which they said Queen Dido paid at the Foundation of the City He carried with him 7000 Spanish Foot and 400 Horse who did him good Service and returned home victorious Sappho being called away the Carthaginians sent in his Place Hanno and Himilco Hanno coasting along Spain landed at Cape St. Vincent where he shewed great Reverence to the Place to win the Hearts of the People and having discovered the Country and traded with the Inhabitants returned home Himilco sailed forward to Cape Espichel where some of his Men landing to get fresh Provisions were for the most part cut off by the savage People Thence they continued their Voyage and ran up the River Tagus where being well received and furnished with Pilots they made Cape Cascais and the Berlings The Carthaginians had some Commerce with the Turduli living between the Rivers Tagus and Duero and of them had some Information about the Inland Parts Hamilco continued his Course to the River Mondego and by Stress of Weather was forced to put into the Vouga on whose Banks he found a Colony of Greeks and so continued his Discovery to the River Minho After sounding all the Coast of Lusitania many of his Ships perished in a Storm the rest were put into the Port Gaya so shatter'd that several of them sunk there but the Men were saved Part of them put to Sea again with Himilco who went away to his Brother Gisgo in Andaluzia The rest staid among the Natives The City Braga founded by the Carthaginians and afterwards founded the City Bragâ— in Memory of the River Bragada in Africk running through their Country Some will have this City to be first built and take its Name of the Gaules called Braccasi Hannibal the Elder succeeded Himilco in the Government of the Affairs of Spain He hearing of the new Carthaginian Colony resolved himself to visit the utmost Point of Europe or Cape St. Vincent and there founded a City upon a convenient Bay which was called Hannibal's Port. 5. After this 420 the Lusitanians and Andaluzians fell at Variance Several great Battels for those Turdâ—tani who had settled in that part of the Country endeavouring to extend their Limits to those Plains which afterwards took Name of the Vandals were opposed by the ancient Inhabitants and after much Blood spilt put to Flight leaving behind them a rich Booty But they seeking Revenge gathered a Multitude of the bordering Lusitanians And the Andaluzians to oppose them called Hanibal with his Carthaginians to their Aid These powerful Armies encountring fought most obstinately the whole Day till Night parted them leaving the Field cover'd with 80000 dead Bodies among which was Hannibal himself This so weaken'd the Lusitanians that those barbarous People living along the Sea-Coast durst take Arms against them and overthrew the Celtae who first offered to withstand them The Turdetani retiring out of Andaluzia and joining with the Celtae they fell upon the victorious Barbarians of whom they made such Havock that few returned home to carry the News of their Defeat 6. The Carthaginians 403. in their Wars with the Agrigentines among other Spaniards used the Aid of 3000 Lusitanians by whose Valour they destroyed that City With the like Number they overthrew Dionysius the Tyrant of Sicily But Sickness did what the Sword had not done for none of those Men returned home In the mean while Great Dearth and Storms Spain suffered by the Indignation of Heaven for the Storms and Dearth were so excessive that the Wild Beasts came out of the Desarts to the Towns to look for Shelter and Provender Hanno the Second came from Carthage to govern Andaluzia and landing at Hannibal's Port in Lusitania raised 7000 Lusitanians to subdue the Andaluzians who had revolted provoked
received that having lost 300 of their Men and killed but 70 of the Enemy they were glad to suffer the rest to march off with their Plunder Another Body of the Romans having taken a rich Booty led 500 Captives away the one half whereof were Women who observing that no great Regard was had of them only their Hands bound behind in the dead time of the Night they unbound one another and afterwards the Men then seizing the Arms of the Romans buried in Sleep put most of them to the Sword before they waked only a few escaped by the Favour of the Night Next Morning the Victors put the Armour of the Romans upon their Women Ormia a modest Lusitanian Woman being taken by another Party and long courted by her Keeper to consent to his Lust she at length seemingly complied wherewith being delighted he put himself into her Power so that she waiting her Opportunity when he slept with his own Sword cut off his Head and carried away both to her Husband as a Token that she had preserved her Chastity Which done not so content she killed her self before his Face 5. Caius Lelius 145. a Man of great Valour came Praetor into Spain but Authors do not mention any Success he had against Viriatus Perhaps it was thought enough that he lost nothing 143. Two Years after Fabius Emilianus was sent with a Consular Army of 18000 Men to put an End to the War Viriatus hearing of his coming into Andaluzia broke into the Roman Province doing greater Harm than before and took two Cities into which he put Garrisons Fabius that the Gods might be favourable to his Undertakings went to offer Sacrifice in the Temple of Hercules at Cadiz strictly charging his Officers upon no Account to stir out of the Camp before his Return The next Day Viriatus appeared before the Roman Army at such time as certain Foragers were returning with a Guard of whom he cut off the greatest part A good Body of Horse issuing out of the Camp to relieve their Companions drove back the Lusitanians to their Main Body but they were there so fiercely charged that few of them returned back Fabius coming from his Sacrifice stormed that his Orders had been disobeyed Fabius Emilianus obliges Viriatus to retire Some Days after about Midnight he marched in great Silence two Miles forwards and surprizing the Lusitanian Camp obliged Viriatus confusedly to retire to Vecor a strong Place where not thinking it safe to attack him he marched away to recover the two Cities lately garrison'd by the Lusitanians The Inhabitants of the Province between Duero and Minho took up Arms against those of Galicia Hostilius Mancinus overthrows 30000 Spaniards Lucius Hostilius Mancinus the Consul Emilianus's Colleague fearing lest they should invade the Vaccei and Celtiberi came so suddenly upon them that he without any Difficulty overthrew 30000 of them killing many and putting the rest to flight Popilius succeeded Emilianus in the Government of Lusitania when Viriatus finding himself weak made some Overtures of Peace deceitfully for at the same time he stirred up the People about Numantia to make War and he in the Territories of Riba de Coa committed all manner of Cruelties upon the Romans even upon those that submitted themselves to him Popilius routed Popilius hasting to their Relief was in a pitch'd Battel shamefully put to flight with the Loss of the best of his Army 6. Viriatus was far enter'd into Castile but understanding that the new Praetor 141. Quintus Pompeius was marching towards Lusitania he turned back to defend his own Country Viriatus put to 〈◊〉 by Pompey The two Armies met near Evora where a bloody Battel was fought Pompey obtained the Victory and Viriatus fled to the Mountain of Venus Here he gathered new Strength and encouraging the Ticii Vaccei and Beli who followed him he marched again to meet the Romans whom he forced to take Shelter in their Trenches leaving behind them 27 Ensigns and 4000 Men slain whereof 500 were Horse The Praetor thus shut up within his Works Viriatus enter'd Andaluzia and summoned Vtica which was kept by a strong Roman Garrison who answered him with Scorn calling him Robber He the better to compass his Revenge marched away in great haste as if he had fled certain Troops of Horse sent from the City pursuing him in the Rear whom he without halting repulsed and so they returned to their Garrison But in the Dead of the Night he marched back and croâ—â—ing several Valleys distant from the City he left his Foot in an Ambuscade himself with the Horse appearing before the City so that many Morasses lay betwixt him and the Walls which were impassable to any that knew them not as well as he At Break of Day his Party being decried from the Walls they were supposed to be some Straglers of the Lusitanian Army and therefore the Garrison sallied out upon them Viriatus at first withdrawing as if he had fled drew them into the Marshes where when they were fast stuck he faced about and put them all to the Sword Those of Vtica after this Action expelled the Roman Garrison and received one of the Lusitanians Viriatus moving thence towards the Streights of Gibraltar wasted the Territories of the Bastetani Pompey not offering to oppose him 7. The Consul 140. Quintus Fabius Maximus Servilianus was sent from Rome with an Army of 20000 Men to prosecute this War and Micipsa the African King came to his Aid with 10 Elephants and 300 Numidian Horse With this Force he marched to Vtica where Viriatus lay who after some Skirmishes his Provisionâ— failing retired into Lusitania to secure the Harvest In the mean while a good Body of his Men commanded by two noted Captains called Curius and Apuleyus broke into Andaluzia The Consul with his whole Army marched towards them and for the more Expedition left his Baggage behind him with a small Guard Fabius Maximus defeats the Spanish Aâ—mâ— and kills Curius their General The Lusitanians informed thereof took another Way and with a Compass deceiving the Consul plunder'd his Baggage He turning suddenly upon them whilst they were busie in robbing a Convoy of Provisions put them to flight killing Curius their Captain and recovering the Booty Thence the Consul moving he took five Towns Garrison'd by the Lusitanians upon Articles which he performed not turning them over to the Fury of his Soldiers Viriatus hasted to revenge this Breach of Faith and being come in sight of the Consul he drew up his Foot in a Square Battel with his Horse on both Wings but far advanced before the Foot whom he ordered not to stir till they saw how the Horse behaved themselves against the Elephants They charged the Roman Horse forcing them to retire to their Elephants 139. at the sight of which Another Defeat of the Romans the Spanish Horse disorderly fled the Enemy fiercely pursuing The Foot drew back in good Order
and Viriatus perceiving the Enemy's Battel broke in the Pursuit rallying his Cavalry he gave such a Charge that Servilianus with his Elephants fled leaving 6000 Men dead Soon after this Servilianus pursuing a Lusitanian Robber called Corroba besieged him in a strong Place where Hunger forced him to surrender upon Promise not only of Life but that his Men should march off with their Arms yet so as to swear never more to employ them against the Romans But the Consul unmindful of his Promise when he had all the Troop of Robbers consisting of 500 Men in his Power cut off all their Right Hands except the Captain 's 8. Spring coming on all Lusitania was full of Warlike Preparations Viriatus marched against the Consul who had besieged the City of Erissana and with wonderful Cunning made his Way into it where having well encouraged the Defendants he sallied out so furiously that Servilianus was glad to retire to a Place of Advantage Viriatus makes Peace with the Romans Here he was so straiten'd that he made Proposals of Peace which were agreed upon and Viriatus allowed a Friend of the People of Rome This done the Armies parted one into Andaluzia the other into Lusitania One of those who approved of the Peace concluded was Quintus Servilius Cepio the Consul's Brother yet afterwards considering how dishonourable it was to Rome he openly blamed his Brother and by that Means obtained the Consulship and a numerous Army to better the Affairs of the Romans in Lusitania The Peace broken Cepio kept his Designs so private that the Lusitanians thought of nothing but their Country-Affairs They were awaken'd by the News brought that the Consul had by Storm taken the City of Arsa not far from Sevil. Viriatus was then at Valencia who immediately marched with some Troops towards Lusitania By the Way he reduced Segorbe which had revolted when Cepio appeared with a mighty Army He finding himself too weak for so powerful an Army with his Horse amused them till his Foot were got into the Mountains Cepio pursued him to cut off his Retreat into Portugal He as he fled into the Heart of Spain used excessive Cruelty to all that bore the Roman Name But finding this turned not to Account he sent an Ambassador to Cepio to put him in mind of the Peace so solemnly and so lately concluded The Consul having heard the Ambassadors and sounded their Dispositions with mighty Promises prevailed upon them to murder Viriatus Their Names were Dictalcon Minurus and Aulaus all three Captains of Note among the Lusitanians Viriatus killed by Treachery These three having undertaken this base Action returned and for some time kept Viriatus in hand with the Hopes of Peace till waiting their Opportunity in the Dead of the Night they enter'd his Tent and slew him as he lay asleep Thence they fled to give the Consul an Account of what they had done whose Countenance they found altered as it generally happens to Traytors after they have committed the Treason 9. In the Morning the Lusitanians missing their General they went into his Tent where finding him dead the whole Camp was filled with Lamentation and in Revenge of his Death they put all the Roman Prisoners to the Sword His Funeral-Pomp To perform his Funeral-Rites with all imaginable Pomp in the midst of the Field they raised a vast Pile of Timber leaving a Place for the Body The Top of the Pile was adorned with Ensigns and other Trophies of Arms. Then their Idolatrous Priest going up to the Top called upon the Ghost of Viriatus and killing some Captives with their Blood sprinkled the Arms which done he came down and set fire to the Pile which in a Moment consumed the Body The Funeral-Rites thus performed the Army chose one Tantalus for their General but he wanting the Fortune and Conduct of Viriatus could not so much as lead back his People into their own Country Servilius to gain the Reputation of a merciful Conqueror was content that the Lusitanians delivering up their Arms should be dispersed into several Parts Viriatus as to his Person was of a large Stature strong Limbs curled Hair large Eyes broad Eye-brows a stern Countenance and a large hooked Nose As to his Qualities he was modest liberal prudent of a ready Wit and quick of Invention Some of Viriatus's Soldiers gathering up his Ashes brought them back into his own Country and buried them together with his Sword In the time of King John the III. who reigned from the Year 1521 till 1557. in the Territory of Belas two Leagues from Lisbon and in the Lands of Peter Machado Carregueyro in turning up certain old Ruins was found a Stone Chest with this Inscription Hic Jacet Viriatus Lusitanus Dux In it was found a Sword on which certain Characters were Engraven The Prince and many other persons of Note saw it and Machado offering to sell the Sword they would give nothing for it so he gave it to a Friend of his of the Island Madera and by that means it was lost The Chest was broke in pieces and no part of it remains CHAP. VI. The Actions of the Lusitanians after the Death of Viriatus from the Year 133. before Christ till the Year 80. when Sertorius takes upon him the Command with his Exploits till the Year 70. 1. THE Lusitanians not loosing their Courage 130. though they had lost their General Tantalus Commands the Lusitanians broke out again under their new Commander Tantalus but not with the same Fortune as before being easily suppressed by the Consul Decius Junius Brutus who reduced then to sue for Peace It was granted upon tolerable Conditions one whereof was that he should assign them Lands to live upon These Lands were along the delightful Southern Coast upon the River Turia now Guadalaviar where they built the most famous City Valencia the foundation whereof is therefore assigned to Brutus the Consul This Army thus Disbanded Brutus entred Lusitania without meeting any opposition till he came to Eburobricium a City seated on the Sea-coast near to which now stands the Town of Alfazeyran the Inhabitants of this place adventured to come out a League from their Walls and give the Consul Battle He in the heat of the Fight vowed he would there build a Temple to Neptune if he obtained the Victory and having without much difficulty overthrown his Enemy performed his Vow He laid Siege to the City and soon was Master of it 2. The next Year Brutus with his victorious Army passed over the rapid River Duero and coming unexpectedly upon the People that inhabited between that River and Minho made a great slaughter of them which obliged such as could escape to fly to the Mountains Thence in Parties they came down and cut off many of his Men nay the very Women showed such Valour that the Consul was obliged to kill a great number of them but perceiving the harm was done him from the Mountains he
I end my Life and you the War Thus lay your Arms across since you have lost all Sense of Shame and leave me in the hands of two Boys after you had been victorious over all the Power of Spain In this manner he broke into the Body of his Enemies where he had perished but that his Horse coming in rescued him wounding Pompey on the Shoulder Yet had not Caesar gained any Advantage till Rogud an African King who followed him with his Troops assaulted Pompey's Camp Titus Labienus a brave Captain drawing out of the Battel to oppose Rogud the whole Army of Pompey thought he had fled and they immediately took to their Heels some fled to Munda others to the Camp 30000 were slain whereof 7000 were Lusitanians Pompey wounded and overthrown fled with 150 Lusitanians of his Guard that were left Being come to Algezira Publius Calvicius sent him in an Horse-Litter to Cortega the Inhabitants of which Place would have delivered him to his Enemies but he escaped in a Galley Didius Caesar's Admiral pursued him so close that he was forced to fly to Land where he was hard chased by Cesonius Lento till not being able to go farther he hid himself in a Cave where he was betrayed by a Servant of his own Cesonius carried his Head to Caesar then at Sevil who caused it to be honourably buried 6. Many Lusitanians who had escaped the Hands of Cesonius in the Pursuit of Pompey not knowing what had happen'd as soon as they perceived the Romans were gone returned to the Cave to look for him and finding only the Trunk of the Body resolved to revenge his Death Didius the Admiral having left Cesonius was then Careening his Vessels on the Shoar without suspecting any Danger but one Night the Lusitanians came down upon him in three several Bodies and firing his Ships put the Men to the Sword and the Head of Didius they sent to Philo their General As soon as Sextus Pompeius at Cordova understood the Death of his Brother he marched out of the City with all his Forces and joining with the Lusitanians that were dispersed thereabouts he met Cesonius who beheaded Cneus and put him to flight In the mean while Caesar went to take Possession of Cordova and returning to Sevil he found Philo with the Lusitanians in it who was forced to fly after massacring many of the Citizens He fled into Lusitania to raise Forces where in the City Lenius he found Cecilius Niger with a good Body Both together got into Sevil surprizing the Roman Army but paid for it with the Loss of all their Men. This done Caesar peirced into to Portugal Caesar conquers the Lusitanians and settling Peace at Beja calls that City Pax Julia. and with his Clemency towards the conquered People won their Hearts At Beja he granted Peace to the Lusitanians whence that City was afterwards called Pax Julia. Thence he went to Evora which of his Bounty towards it took the Name of Liberalitas Julia. In like manner he left his Name to other Places Mertola was called Julia Mirtilis Santarem before Scalabis Julium Praesidium and Lisbon Faelicitas Julia. 7. Asinius Pollio 42. a valiant and wise Man was left Governor of the Provinces of Andaluzia and Lusitania in Caesar's Absence He soon quelled some Troops that ravaged the Country about the Mountains of Algarve About the same time Sextus Pompeius came out from among the Lacetani where he had been hid after his Defeat and was by Niconius Saxo conducted to Hannibal's Port now Vill-nova de Portemao in Algarve where he continued in a miserable Condition till a Ship of Pyrates came into that Place Sextus Pompeius appears again anâ— makes great Commotions They at the Instance of Saxo received him for their Captain and understanding who he was set out joyfully and took some Prizes plundering the Coast he gathered Strength till coming to Cartagena a whole Roman Legion joined him besides many Companies of Spaniards Caesar hearing hereof sent Cartina to crush Pompey but he was himself overthrown Pompey hearing of the Death of Caesar gathered all the Power he could and defeated the Praetor Asinius Pollio But being now almost Master of all Spain he was called away to Rome by the Senate After some Success at Sea he was routed by the Triumviri and flying into Asia had his Head cut off by Ticius one of Mark Antony's Commanders 36. Whilst these Things were doing in the East all Spain Great Floods Storms and Sicknâ—ss in Spain but particularly Lusitania suffered much by Floods Storms Sickness and several other Calamities Many that lived near the Coast thinking to fly from these Miseries ran headlong into greater for breaking in upon the Vaâ—â—ei of Old Castile they were repulsed with great Slaughter by Cneus Domicius Legate to Lepidus Near this same time one Bâ—llas who had been Quaestor to 〈…〉 fearing to be called to Account for his Extortion Pogud the African 〈…〉 fled into Africk and perswaded King Bogud to invade Spain He took the advice and having plunder'd the Coast of Andaluzia retired with a great Booty upon the News that the Romans and Spaniards had assembled a great Power against him 33. Three Years after he returned but was repulsed with Loss and retired to Tarifa where having recruited himself he set Sail for Hannibal's Port in Lusitania which being abandoned he plunder'd with the Country about it Not content with this he turned to Cape St. Vincent and coming to Setuval without the least Opposition ransacked it putting all he found in the Place to the Sword and then setting fire to it Some that fled to the Mountains gathering more Strength came down to revenge their Losses on the Mauritanians but he was then sailing up the River of Alcazar where he robbed and rased a Temple of the Goddess Salacia Scarce was he returned to his Ships when a violent Storm arising destroyed the greatest part of his Fleet those few Wretches that escaped the Fury of the Sea by swimming being cut in pieces upon the Shoar 8. The Inhabitants of the City and Territories of Tuy 28. in Galicia The Galicians over-run the most part of Lusitania passing the River Minho on a sudden thought to have made themselves Masters of the Lands then possessed by the Bracarenses and other People between Duero and Minho These though surprized with the unexpected Invasion gathered in a great Body and went out to meet the uninvited Guests Between them passed many Skirmishes but at last coming to a Battel the Interamnenses were overthrown with great Slaughter The Victors pursuing their Fortune without Resistance passed on to the Banks of the River Duero The Inhabitants of the City of Porto terrified at the Fame of their Success sent Ambassadors to sue for Peace and Friendship putting them in Mind they were all originally Greeks This took so well with the conquering Galicians that they allowed of the Kindred and so exempted the City of Porto
from being plunder'd and burnt as all others they came at were But a violent Pestilence raging among the Galicians so wasted them that they were obliged to return home carrying the Contagion with them so that the Harm they did at home was greater than the Profit of their Expedition 9. The Bracarenses delivered from the Fear of two terrible Enemies the Plague and the Galicians resolved to be revenged on the People of Porto War betwixt the People of Bâ—aga and Porto for having joined with those of Galicia only for their own Preservation War being declared the Aggressors had the better till in one Battel those of Porto took some Prisoners on whom they exercised their Cruelty Many of them they tied to Stakes upon their Walls and in the sight of their Enemies shot them for Sport Moved at this Sight the Bracarenses sent certain Troops to take Revenge on them but they being either killed or taken Prisoners served only to revive their Sorrow Among these were a Son and a Father-in-Law whose Death so troubled the Wife of the one and Daughter of the other that associating her self with some desperate Women and a good Number of Soldiers she in the Night laid an Ambush not far from the City and scaling the Walls silently stole thence the two Bodies But being discovered by the Sentinels she was pursued by the Towns-men whom she led to the Place of the Ambush where most of them were killed or made Prisoners The Prisoners she carried in Triumph to Braga and there on the Walls made them suffer the same Death which their Country-men had inflicted on her Friends This done she honourably buried her Father and Husband and then killed her self Now the Citizens of Porto finding themselves hard beset by the Bracarenses prayed Aid of Norbanus Calvius Legate to Augustus in Lusitania with whose Assistance they twice overthrew their Enemies Many Cities seeing that of Porto victorious sent to congratulate and curry Favour with them One of the Cities that followed this Counsel was Cinania lying nearer to Braga than Porto but they had afterwards Occasion enough to repent CHAP. IX The total Conquest of all Spain by Augustus Caesar With all other Occurrences from the Year 27 before the Birth of Christ till his Blessed Nativity 1. MOre were the Bracarenses grieved to see their Neighbours slighted them than at the Loss they had sustained and therefore gathering again their Forces they marched towards Porto An Hundred and fifteen Women and 200 Men made up a Party of Light-Horse which leaving the rest of their Army in Ambush went to draw the Enemy out Norbanus Calvius marched out with all his Force that Body of Horse before-mentioned sometimes flying and sometimes fighting till they drew the Romans to the Place of Ambush where a mighty Slaughter was made of the Romans and the People of Porte Norbanus was killed by a Woman who returâ—ed to Braga with his Head and Right Hand as did several others with those of several Men of Note The Bracarenses used their Victory with Insolency The People of Braga subdue Porto oppressing the City of Porto in the heavy Conditions of Peace they prescribed to them Being delivered of that Enemy they bent their Force against Cinania in Revenge for their having joined with those of Porto and laid Siege to the City The Besieged were not unprovided nor did they want Resolution so that many brave Attempts were made on both sides At length Hunger beginning to pinch the Besieged and the Besiegers being sensible thereof the Case grew desperate When the Cinanians had devoured all that was to be found in the City rather than submit themselves to the Cruelty oâ— their Enemies they set open their Gates and rushing out like hungry Lions failed but little of obtaining the Victory but at length oppressed with the Multitude they were all put to the Sword without Distinction oâ— Sex or Age. Nor was this all for the Victors executed their Rage upon the very Stones overthrowing the Walls and rasing all the Buildings to the Ground 2. Octavius Caesar having now brought all the Roman Empire under his Subjection found that only three Nations in Spain opposed his Authority and those were the Biscainers Galicians and Lusitanians who inhabited between the Rivers Duero and Minho Augustus Caesar comes into Spain To the subduing of these he came in Person with a mighty Power but being taken in Biscay with a violent Hypochondriack Distemper he left there two Legates to continue the War and went away to take the delightful Air of Andaluzia where he gave himself up to the Care of his Physician Anthony Musa who effecting a great Cure upon him was magnificently rewarded Whilst he was under Cure his Legates overthrew the Biscainers betrayed to them by the Tragicini Such as escaped fled to Lancia a City near Oviedo in Asturias where they made some Opposition but at last were forced to submit Thence the Victors advanced bearing down all before them quite through Galicia We have no particular Account how the People between the Rivers Ducro and Minho were subdued whether they submitted terrified with the Example of the others or else were included in the Conquest of Galicia 3. Augustus Emerita Augusta now Merida founded by Augustus thus become Lord of the World to reward his old Soldiers who had served him so many Years he assigned them Lands and founded a City which he called Emerita Augusta now Merida which he made the Metropolis of Lusitania and gave it mighty Privileges Some will not have Augustus to be the Founder but rather Repairer of Merida In Gratitude for this his Bounty they raised Temples to him and dedicated Priests to his Service All the Cities in Spain followed their Example That of Porto used all manner of Flattery to oblige him to their Assistance in order to cut off the heavy Yoke imposed upon them by their Enemies the Bracarenses Their Ambassadors were favourably heard and brought back an Answer such as they could have wished that Caius Antistius and Marcus Agrippa were upon their March to their Assistance This so encouraged the Inhabitants of Porto that before the Roman Forces could join them they not only ravaged the open Country but entred the City of Braga with great Slaughter those Citizens suspecting no such thing Yet laying hold of their Weapons they pursued them to the very Walls of Porto Scarce had they encamped about the City when they perceived the Romans upon them so numerous that they were forced to fly with all speed and take the Shelter of their own Walls providing for a dangerous Siege Before the Romans could take their Posts about the City the Bracarenses sallied out and much Harm was done on both sides Among the Prisoners taken by the Romans was a young Maid who had acted like a Virago She was taken by a Trooper and the Roman General by her Beauty who would have set her at liberty promising to pay her Ransom The Trooper
from this time the Lusitanians inhabiting Vouga or Vacca made an expedition as far as the Cities Assota and Lacedemona in whose Territory they founded a Town which of the Name of their own Country they called Vacca and being delighted with the pleasantness of the Place they added the word Chara whereby it came to be called Charavacca The News of the Death of the Emperor Augustus being brought into Lusitania his Funeral Honours were performed with no less Grandeur than they had been at Rome Hispania Vlterior which includes Portugal was at this time Governed by the Proconsul Vibius Serenus whose unlimitted Avarice was the cause he exercised many Cruelties towards the People nor were the Spanish Mines and Rivers yielding Yearly three Millions of Crowns in Gold sufficient to satisfy his unmeasurable Covetousness 2. Tiberius having succeeded Augustus in the Empire Tiberius succeeds Augustus in the Empire appeared no less insatiable than his Lieutenant The Lusitanians by their Ambassadors asked leave to Erect a Temple to him and his Mother Drusilla which he pretending Modesty refused But in Reality was more desirous of their Gold than of their Adoration To shew that Learning was then esteemed here several Lasitanians went into Italy only to see the famous Historian Titus Livius with them went Ambassadors from Lisbon to give an Account of a Prodigy there seen It was a perfect Man coming out of the Sea who sitting upon the Rocks sounded a great Shell as if it had been a Horn so loud and shrill that it drew the People thither to see who it was Admiring the sight of that Creature they sent that Embassage which is a token no such Creature had been seen before tho' Authors affirm that several have appeared since The Roman Emperors were Lords of our Kingdom of Lusitania for some Ages but for Brevity sake I will not mention them all as they succeeded one another but only speak of those who left something memorable among us 3. After Tiberius Caius Caligula the Imperial Crown was put upon the Head of Caius Caligula whose horrid course of Life made the wickedness of his Predecessor be looked upon as innocence Caligula in the 4th Year of his Reign was Murthered St. James the Apostle in Spain as had been his Predecessor During his Reign St. James the Apostle came into Spain where he Preached the Gospel and converted many by virtue of the mighty Miracles he Wrought Among the rest he is said to have raised to life a Citizen of Braga by extraction a Jew called Samuel the Younger or Malachias the Elder Son to the Prophet Vrias who had been Buried near 600 Years him he called Peter and constituted the first Bishop of Braga and the first in all Spain 44. This Bishop suffered Martyrdom at Rates four Leagues from Braga and is therefore called St. Peter of Rates Another of his Disciples St. James left in the Church of Cinania once a populous City now a poor place scarce the shaddow of what it was between Braga and Guimaraens upon the River Ave. In this same place he was Martyred by the Neighbouring People in memory whereof they to this day as it were acknowledging the crime resort to his Church bare-footed and with Cords about them The Martyrs name was Torquatus now corruptly called Torcade St. James embarking at Corunna sailed into England in whose absence Peter the Archbishop of Braga having spread the Faith made several Bishops 46. As the Nuptials of a little King's Son were Celebrating on the shoar of Bouzas not far from Porto the Bride-groom being on Horse-back among many others suddenly there appeared a Ship at Sea When it drew near the Bride-groom was carried away by his Horse through the Water and suddenly appeared upon the Ship covered with Crosses and Shells Wondring what this should mean he asked of those in the Ship who told him They brought the Body of St. James the Apostle who had wrought that Miracle to convert him and the Neighbouring People and a voice from Heaven said it was the Will of God that all those who went to visit the Apostle's Sepulcher should be so adorned with Crosses The Bridegroom returned ashoar his Horse treading the Water as if it had been firm Land whereupon he and all present were Baptized Thus much may suffice as to the Preaching of St. James the Apostle and the bringing of his Body after his Death into Spain 4. After Caligula Reigned 56. Claudius a Prince as foolish as his Predecessor was wicked The Emperors Claudius and Nero. no Memory of him remains in Portugal it had been well if there were none in the World Of Nero his Successor there are still many Monuments in Lusitania and also of his Mother â—gâ—ippina for to her they Erected Statues In the time of Nero Silvius Otho Governed Portugal the Emperor conferred that Honour upon him the more freely in his absence to enjoy his Wife Popea whose incontinency gave occasion for him to fall in love with her Beauty Ten Years did Otho Govern this Province with so great Equity and Moderation that he obliged the People afterwards to assist him towards obtaining the Empire A great number of Martyrs suffered under this cruel Emperor as well in Spain as in other parts Galba Next to Nero Galba ascended the Imperial Throne rather for the hatred all Men bore his Predecessor than for any Merit of his own Otho then Governor of Lusitania in Revenge of the wrong done him in the Person of his Wife Popea assisted him Nevertheless once possessed of the Government he grew as odious as he had been before desirable and therefore having held it but Eight Months was Murthered Otho His Death opened the way for Otho who had won the hearts of all Men with much Bounty and Clemency to aim at the Crown Otho to gratifie the Affections of the Lusitanians granted great Priviledges to many Towns but particularly to Merida then the Metropolis of the Province only three Months lasted the Sovereignty of Otho for understanding that Vitellius with the German Army by which he was saluted Emperor was marching against him he in despair Slew himself Vitellius nor did Vitellius hold it above Eight Months 5. Vespasian succeeded Vitellius Vespasian and by his Prudence and Moderation cheared the hearts of all his People Lusitania was particularly favoured by him for he adorned it with noble Works one of them was the great Road he made from Braga to Orense the space of Fifteen Leagues which breaking through many rough and uncooth places runs so smooth there is not the least Ascent or Descent in it Near to the Town of Chaves of him called Aquae Flaviae he built a Bridge over the River Tamaga 80. with a large Inscription on it Vespasian died having Reigned Nine Years and a half and left the Empire to his two Sons Titus and Domitian Titus the Good and Domitian the Wicked During their sway
it must be in the Reign of Aurelius who governed from the Year 768 till 774 and then Mauregatus did not institute but only continued to pay it Whensoever it began certain it is it continued till the Year 788 which was the last of Mauregatus's Reign 788. He died without Issue and was buried at Pravia 2. Bermudo Bermudo advanced to the Throne overthrows the Moors then in Deacon's Orders Grandson to the Catholick Alonso being Son either to Wimaranus or Fruela his Brother was promoted to the Crown after Mauregatus The first Action of this King was very honourable for Abderramen King of Cordova sending to demand of him the Tribute of the Maids he not only refused to pay it but with a small Number encountring an Army of his of 60000 Men under the Command of Muza overthrew it and so recovered the Honour of Spain delivering it from that heavy Imposition Bermudo though a Deacon was married to Ousenda or Vsenda by whom he had Ramiro afterwards King and a Daughter named Christina He had also a Bastard-Son called D. Nunho Though the Action we have spoken of was great 793. his last was incomparably beyond it He resigns the Crown for he not only resigned the Crown but having Children of his own gave it up to D. Alonso Son to King Fruela from whom it had been wrongfully taken by Mauregatus 795. This done he took the Habit of a Monk in the Monastery of Sahagun where he died and was buried but afterwards translated to Oviedo 3. D. Alonso who was restored to the Crown by Bermudo Alonso the Chaste was born in the Year 758. Though married to the French Lady Berta he had no issue having lived continently with her and therefore he was called The Chaste a Name rare among Princes This Name of Alonso as it was fortunate to Spain in general so was it also to Lisbon in particular 798. for its Recovery Restauration and Defence His Conquests This King took it from the Moors killing a great Number of them in the Assault and in several Battels he fought to come to it Some Authors will have it that Charlemaigne came over out of France in Person to his Assistance Others deny his Personal Presence But all agree his Army was so great that the Infidels could never make Head against it The following Year 799. the King took the Cities of Viseo Lamego Coimbra Braga and other Places about Porto Omar King of Merida with a great Power laid Siege to Benavente but he and the greatest part of his Army were put to the Sword by Bernard del Carpio commanding the Forces of King Alonso In the mean while Aliatan by the Way of Estremadura enter'd Portugal putting all to Fire and Sword with such Success that he took Lisbon the 8th Year after it had been gained by King Alonso Many other Places submitted to the Barbarian and he left Alchama King of Badajoz or Beja to command there This Alchama afterwards making an Expedition out of his Province was killed by Bernard del Carpio 812. at the City Zamora Aliatan to revenge this Loss raised great Forces in Barbary which he divided into two Bodies whereof the one enter'd Castile the other Portugal making great Havock in both Places Both these Armies were cut in pieces one in which Alahaban commanded by the King near the River Cefa the other conducted by Melich by Bernard 813. in the Plain of Narnon Abdalla Governor of Valencia and Mahomet of Merida rebelled at once against King Aliatan He marched against Abdalla but whilst he was there engaged Mahomet joined in League with King Alonso whereby he became powerful enough to conquer a good part of Portugal and Estremadura Aliatan returning with a mighty Army overthrew the Rebel and possessed himself of all which he had conquered betwixt Merida and Lisbon Mahomet thus expelled his Dominion fled with such as would follow him to King Alonso submitting himself to him as his Vassal The King sent him with one Raymund to subdue certain places then in Rebellion in Gallicia they easily overcame the Mutiniers and the King ordered Mahomet to reside in those parts hoping to make his advantage of him against the King of Cordova 814. as he did for some time But Mahomet finding himself powerful thought to recover what he had lost and therefore privately conspiring with Raymond they both Rebelled usurping great part of Galicia The King hasted thither with a considerable Army Raymond presently submitted himself and was not only Pardoned but Married the King's Kinswoman Mahomet though he had then 60000 Men durst not give Battle in open Field but retired to the strong Castle of St. Christina two Leagues from Lugo There the King Besieged and Hunger forced him to come out and give Battle in which his Army was entirely routed and he Slain About this time was found the Sepulcher of St. James the Apostle and Patron of Spain which had been hid almost 800 Years it was discovered by Theodemirus Bishop of Iria King Alonso removed it to Compostela which he made a Bishoprick erecting there a Church capable of so great a Relick Thus Crowned with Victories and loaded with Years for he lived Eighty Five 843. and Reigned Fifty Two he died at Oviedo Tryal by Ordeal in use and lies Buried in the Church of St. Mary de Recasto his own Foundation At this time the old Gothish Law of trying People by Fire was in use in Portugal as appears by the Tryal of Elosinda accused of Adultery by her Husband Ariovigildus she after this manner clearing her self and he being Condemned to be Burnt as she should have been if Convicted Pope Honorius the III. abolished this Custom yet afterwards another worse started up which was that the Woman accused should assign a Champion to fight the Accuser and that party which had the Victory was held innocent 5. King Bermudo by an incomparable Act of Justice had taken the Crown from his own Children to give it to Alonso to whom of right it appertained and God to reward this rare Equity ordained that Alonso should live Chast King Ramiro his Actions and restore it to Ramiro the Son of the same Bermudo Scarce was he seated on the Throne when Count Nepocianus rebelled in Austurias and usurped the regal Title The New King with all the speed he could marched against him and having defeated and taken him Prisoner put out his Eyes and thrust him into a Monastery Soon after he overthrew the Normans who destroyed the Coast of Galicia and the English who had laid Siege to Lisbon Returning to the River Duero he vanquished Mahomet Cid Atauf Lord of the Fort and Town of Gaya and also Muley Achim of Agueda more to the Southward Zuleyma Ibon Muza the tributary King of Lamego and Tarif Iben Rages of Viseo were admitted to grace upon their submission Alhamar King of Coimbra boldly standing upon his Defence was
made by the Almoravides It is likely that Henry came with the Command of these Troops and having gained esteem had the Government of the Province between the Rivers Duero and Minho committed to him other great Men governing the others at the same time After the death of King Ferdinand who divided his Kingdoms among his three Sons Sancho King of Castile having taken Portugal from his Brother Garcia and Leon from Alonso his other Brother obliged him to fly for safety to the Moors 1071. Henry accompanied him in all misfortunes till Sancho being killed Alonso was not only restored to his own but seated in the Thrones of Castile and Portugal 1073. King Alonso considering that he who follows a Prince Gains the Affection of King Alonso deposed in his misfortunes does something more than Man concluded that Henry was a prodigy among mortals and therefore from that time resolved to suit his reward to his Fidelity 4. Beatrix the second Wife of King Alonso dying 1076. a match was agreed for him with the Lady Constance Alonso marries his Aunt Aunt to Earl Henry and he was sent to France to conduct her into Spain With him went Raymund Earl of Toulouse and with them both came Raymund Earl of Burgundy which is the reason some Authors write they came all together whereas the other two had been long before in Spain Thus Henry became great at Court the King being his Friend and the Queen his Aunt which his power he used with such moderation that he was beloved by all Men. 1081. He accompanied King Alonso at the memorable Seige and taking of Toledo as also at the Battle of Sagulias near Badajoz 1087. where the King was overthrown 1090. To reward all these Services the King at last gave him to Wife his Bastard Daughter Teresa He takes to Wife Teresa Bastard Daughter to Alonso and has in Dower the City Porto and its Territory whom he had by the Lady Ximena Nunnez de Gusman Her Dower was the City Porto with its Territory then the best part of what was gained in Portugal giving him leave to retire thither and live with his Wife His Age was the cause that he died leaving Teresa young to marry a second Husband which much disturbed the publick Peace Soon after the Christian Princes joining in League to conquer the Holy Land Earl Henry was chosen General of the Forces sent by King Alonso in which employ he gained great Honour He returned from this Expedition to Toledo where the Court of Castile was then kept in the Year 1099. King Alonso at this time being of a great Age sent his Son Prince Sancho being but Twelve Years of Age under the direction of D. Garcia Count of Cabra with an Army to oppose Almanzor the Moor. With them went many Persons of Quality among which the chief was Earl Henry they came to a Battle in the Plains of Veles where the Prince was unhorsed and killed 1100. though Henry and Garcia exposed themselves to save him Overthrows the Infidels and takes Almanzor prisoner Earl Henry meditating Revenge met Almanzor again in the Field whom he dismounted and took Prisoner delivering him to James Ordonnez for to carry him to the King this done Henry broke through the Infidels putting them to flight with a mighty slaughter 5. As it is doubtful whether Henry went to Hierusalem with the other Christian Princes so is it also whether he was present at the taking of Lisbon Santarem Sintra and other strong places by King Alonso but that he was at these latter Expeditions as most properly appertaining to him is most likely For his good services he receives other Territories of King Alonso But his great Age requiring some rest the King at last gave him leave to retire to Portugal giving to him for himself and his Heirs all that was conquered there which was the Cities Coimbra and Viseo and the three Provinces that betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho Beira and Tras os Montes with that part of Galicia as far as the Castle Lobeira and leave to conquer as far as Algarve Earl Henry settled his residence at Guimaraens taking the Title of Earl of Portugal The Portuguese encouraged by the presence of a Prince of their own did much upon the borders of the Province betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho till then not entirely subdued but we have no particular account of their Actions Hecha Martin King of Lamego being a tributary to Henry rebelled and drawing together a powerful Army did much hurt in the Christian Territories The Earl with Egas Moniz a Gentleman then famous and afterward Tutor to King Alonso marched to recover the Booty he had taken and overtook him in a Valley near the Monastery of Arouca The Moor for greater security in case of any misfortune placed his Wife Queen Axa Anzures and all the Prey on the top of a Mountain he thought unaccessible called Sierra Seca The Christian Army encamped along the River Alarda and Egas Moniz seeing the Enemy advantagiously posted undertook with a good party by Night to go about the Mountains and at break of Day to be ready to fall upon them on the top Another overthrow given by him to the to the Moors whilst the Christian Army charged the Enemy below This was accordingly put in Execution and after a bloody Fight the Queen was taken above and the King below they becoming Christians the Earl bestowed the City Lamego upon them they paying tribute for the same 6. The Moores rebelling against their King for changing his Religion 1103. he fled to Guimaraens to crave aid of Earl Henry A Moorish King restored by him who by force took the City Lamego and restored him He fearing in the Earl's absence his Subjects would again revolt desired of him to leave some Portuguese Gentlemen to secure those Lands which was accordingly done and the Country People with Inhabitants brought from the Province betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho He performs other great Actions This year some Writers will have it that Earl Henry went to the Holy Land with Guy of Lusignan and other Princes all the likelihood there is thereof is That we have no account of him in Portugal from the Year 1103. till the Year 1109. King Ali Haben Joseph with a numerous Army laid Siege to Coimbra which he furiously battered during a Month. Earl Henry marched to their relief and coming to a Battle overthrew the Infidels with a great Slaughter Cintra and other places revolted and were overcome but rising again they could not easily be subdued Whilst our Earl was diverted in the Wars of Galicia and Leon where he took some Towns Cyrus King of the Arabs taking the opportunity laid Siege to Santarem whither our Forces hasting to relieve the place were by him overthrown and so the Town being distressed Surrendred The Earl took several places in Leon so that King
this exploit among them was one Henry of Bonneville near 〈◊〉 at whose Tomb in the Church of St. Vincent many Miracles are reported to have been wrought many others were buried where now is the Church called that of the Martyrs from those that were buried there The King according 〈◊〉 what had been before agreed offered to the Strangers half the City but they satisfied with the Booty and some other rewards departed to prosecute their holy designs â—or to their own Countries Such as would stay had Lands assigned them many other strong places were taken soon after in this current of the King 's good Fortune 1148. the chief of them were Mafra Almada Palmela Cintra Obidos Trancoso Alenquer Serpa Beja Elvas Coruche and Cezimbra Thus the Pride of the Mahometans began to be humbled and this Christian Kingdom to lift up its head CHAP. III. Continues the mighty Actions of the victorious King Alfonso the Kingdom confirmed to him by the Pope his Death issue and description all from the Year 1148. till 1185. 1. SInce we cannot give the particulars of all the Heroical Actions of this King Alonso overthrows the Moors with a handfull of Men. let us at least in two of them represent somewhat of the grandeur of the rest He sat down before Aleazar do Sal with a small handful of Men 500 Moorish Horse and 10000 Foot came to raise the Siege whom he went out to meet with only 60 Horse and a proportionable number of Foot With this small Body he put his Enemies to flight but was himself wounded in the Leg most misfortunes always lighting upon his Legs ever since his Mother laid that Curse on him as was said before After this Victory returning to the Siege he took it at the end of two Monâ—hs this done he went with 60 Lances and a few Cross-bow-men to take a view of the Fortress on the Rock of Palmela Being before the place he discovered the King of Badajoz coming down a Hill with 400 Horse and 60000 Foot Another like exploit but without any order Our King lay a while betwixt certain Rocks out of sight considering their disorderly march whilst his Company meditated on their Numbers At length breaking out suddenly with that handful he soon covered the Hill with dead Bodies and the Infidels believing a greater Army had followed fled in confusion leaving all their Baggage to a few above 60 Conquerors Palmela upon the News of this defeat immediatly surrendred upon only promise of Life 1160. The City Tuy left him by his Father and now revolted he reduced to his Obedience and at the same time concluded a match for his Daughter Mafalda then 12 Years of Age with Raymund Prince of Catalonia 2. Some time before he had subdued the City Beja after a tedious Siege but the Moors who are faithful no longer than compelled by necessity finding now a fit opportunity 1162. rebelled Certain valiant Commanders imitating the example of their King assaulted this place by Night with such resolution and so unexpectedly that they carried it making great slaughter among the Inhabitants A Gentleman of Quality called Giraldus living like an outlaw on account of certain crimes he had committed A number of Christian Out-laws 〈◊〉 Evora entred into hopes of regaining the King's Favour by some extraordinary action Considering therefore that the City Evora was not guarded by the Infidels with that circumspection that was requisite at such a time he resolved to surprize it There was a Watch-tower where the Centinel was kept by a Moor and his Daughter by turns Giraldus knowing this Scales the Tower alone and killing both Father and Daughter who were asleep returns with their heads to his Men being 500 Horse and a good number of Foot They encouraged by this success scaled the Walls then unguarded and breaking open one of the Gates let in their Companions Thus with a mighty slaughter made of the Inhabitants the City was gained The King not only Pardoned but Rewarded all those Out-laws and made their Captain Governour of the City 3 King Alonso thus become terrible to the Moors fell at variance with his Son-in-law Ferdinand the Second King of Leon 1168. and thereupon entred Galiciâ— in the 75th year of his Age. War with Leon. Here he took the Towns of Lima and Turon and putting Portuguese Garrisons into them turned his Forces against Badajoz then a tributary City to the King of Leon. This City he assaulted and entred but not the Castle Mean while King Ferdinand came to defend that place which fell within the limits of his Conquest The Portuguese Army encountring him in the Field King Alonso put to flight breaks his Leg fulfilling his Mothers curse when he put Fetters upon her was overthrown and King Alonso forced to fly into the City whence thinking to make his escape he struck his Leg against a bolt of the Gate so violently that he broke it and here his Mothers Curse reached him fully Nor was that all for in that condition he was taken by the King of Leon who treated him with extraordinary courtesy and was content that he should restore to him only such places as he had wrongfully taken in Galicia and Leon tho' he offered others in Portugal Our Author will not allow that King Alonso promised any acknowledgment to the Crown of Leon for his Dominions but all Spanish Authors are positive he did Certain it is that from henceforward he remained lame so that he never after could ride a Horseback but was carried in a Chariot 4. The King had some time since taken the City Beja but it was soon after lost Gonzalo Mendez de Maya called the Combatant 1170. about this time made a Road into the territory of Beja where was a great body of Moors under the Command of Almoâ—â—â—mar a Soldier of Reputation These two Bodies encountred and Maya remained Master of the Field scarce had he vanquished this Enemy when he was met by Alboazem King of Tangier who was coming to the assistance of the vanquished The fight was renewed on the same spot of Ground and a second Victory added to the former Maya was 95 Years of Age when he obtained these two Victories but died immediately of the Wounds he had received which made his Army return home in mornful manner Albaraque King of Sevil made bold by the King's lameness 〈…〉 Santarem by the Moors 〈…〉 drawing a vast multitude out of Andaluzia presumed not only to wast the Country beyond Tagus but to set down before Santarem where the King then in the 88th Year of his Age reposed himself he caused himself to be carried out in his Chariot to give the Besiegers Battle The fight was so obstinate he was forced to quit his Chariot and appear at the head of his Men with his Sword in Hand Hereat his Soldiers took so much Courage that they soon put their Enemies to the rout with a great slaughter
promised the next Day to hear them when they were Calmer at the Church of S. Dominick By Day the Multitude was in the broad Place before that Church but the King fearing the popular Fury was already gone away to Santarem When the People understood it they vented their Malice in Reproaches and this made the Queen stir up the King to Revenge The Taylor was apprehended and many of his Followers some whereof had their Hands others their Feet cut off many more fled now too late understanding that Subjects ought to have no other Redress against the Miscarrages of their Sovereigns than by their Prayers to God In the mean while the King traversed the Kingdom with his beloved Consort till being come to the pleasant Monastery of Leça Two Leagues from Porto he then declared what he denied at Lisbon to wit That he was Married to the Lady Ellenor and assigned her a greater Joynture than any Queen before her ever had 8. All the Nobility kissing the Queen's Hand only Prince Denis Son to the late King by the Lady Agnes de Castro refused it for which the King offered to Stab him but was prevented and the Prince fled to Coimbra Tho many of the Multitude were punished the clamours of the People against the King's Marriage ceased not nor were they continued without reason for that Marriage was in reality unlawful she being the true Wife of John Lorenço Ferdinand at last remembring he was contracted to the Princess of Castile sent to inform her Father That tho he could not perform that Article he would fulfil all the rest That Prince did not seem at all to be concerned but Embassadors were sent on both sides to Ratifie the Peace The New Queen gains Friends by her Generosity The New Queen having gained a Crown by her Beauty sought now to gain the Affections of the Nobility by her Bounty and she attained her end in a great Measure for many who before railed having tasted of her Favours began to extol her Generosity Besides the more to bend them to her she married all her Relations among the Nobility 9. King Ferdinand still pursuing his inconstant Humour King Ferdinand joyns in League with John of Ghent against Castile began again to break with Castile taking some Ships of that Crown in the River of Lisbon and entering into a Confederacy with John Duke of Lancaster Third Son to Edward the Third King of England and married to Constance the Eldest Daughter of King Peter of Castile in whose right he stiled himself King It was agreed they should joyntly make War upon the Kings of Castile and Aragon That they should bear an equal part in the expence of the War and that King Ferdinand should have all he could take in Castile excepting Towns and Castles That each should have what he could gain in Aragon King Henry sent an Embassador to Protugal to protest against these proceedings but to no effect Hereupon Henry marched with his Army towards Lisbon his Admiral Misser Ambrosio Bocanegra at the same time entring the River Tagus with 12 Galleys About the middle of September he set forward from Zamora Henry of Castile invades Portugal and by the way took Almeyda Pinnel Linnares Cerolico and Viseo where Prince Denis offended at King Ferdinand offered his Service to him They marched to Coimbra from whence Ferdinand was newly gone to Santarem and here Henry quartered in the Suburbs Our King being less forward to Fight than he had been to give the Occasion 1373. Henry marched without observing much order He Quarters in the Suburbs of Lisbon towards Lisbon about the end of February The King and those that were with him could from the Walls of Santarem discover the Enemy marching towards Lisbon yet had not the Courage to attack them Lisbon being surprized Henry entred at S. Antony's Gate and took up his Quarters in the Monastery of S. Francis the People retired to the stronger parts of the Town Our Fleet had been sent to hinder the Castilian Squadron from entring the Port but our Ships were taken by them and only 4 of our Galleys escaped saving themselves in the Creeks The People of Lisbon understanding there was a design to betray the City dragged one of the Conspirators about the Streets and then cut him in pieces another was exposed to the sails of a Mill which cast him into the River The Franciscan Friars where the King quartered thought to have expelled him thence but their design being discovered he put them into Boats without Sails or Oars and exposed them to the mercy of the Sea yet they got a Shoar The Castilians possessed the Skirts of the Town and many Skirmished dayly hapned In the mean while the Earl of Gijon King Henry's Son took Cascaes at the Mouth of Tagus whilst several Parties wasted the Country Most of the City Burnt The Lisbonians not able to expel the Enemy out of the Suburbs fired the Houses and they in requital set Fire to the Rua-nova or New Street and so the greatest part of the City was Burnt The Country betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho was no less infested by the Forces of Galicia which routed a Portuguese Body that came to oppose them 10. Such was the posture of Affairs Peace concluded when in the Month of March Guido of Bononia a Cardinal was sent by the Pope to compose these Differences and towards the latter end of that Month the Peace was concluded upon these Conditions That both the Kings should joyn with him of France against the King of England and Duke of Lancaster That the Portuguese should furnish a Fleet for Three Years to be maintained by the Castilians That the English should not be supplied with Ammunition from Portugal That the Portuguese should expel the Castilians that followed him That a general Pardon should be granted on both sides That the Princess Beatrix Sister to King Ferdinand should be married to Sancho Lord of Albuquerque Brother to King Henry The Two Kings meet in friendly manner The two Kings met upon the Banks of the River Tagus and parted in Friendly manner In pursuance of the Treaty of Peace Count Sancho married the Lady Beatrix and the Wedding was kept with great Solemnity A Match was also agreed betwixt Elizabeth Bastard-Daughter to our King and Alonso Earl of Gijon Bastard-Son to King Henry Thus ended the War to the Satisfaction of both Kings but with the Desolation of their Kingdoms CHAP. XII The remaining Part of the Life and Reign of Ferdinand the First of the Name and Ninth King of Portugal from the Year 1373. till 1383. 1. KIng Ferdinand had not yet forgot the Treasure detained from him by the King of Aragon 1374. in return of his Mutability Ferdinand enters into a League with the King of Castile against the King of Aragon He thereupon meditated Revenge but it was hard to compass It happened the King of Castile fell at Variance
for the Expence of the War with which and some good Troops they returned The Earl of Gijon Bastard-Brother to the King of Castile and Elizabeth his Wife Bastard-Daughter to the late King of Portugal were both secured in Castile on Account of holding Correspondence in Portugal The King and Queen of Castile removed from Puebla de Montalvan to Toledo where against their being proclaimed Standards were made with the Arms of both Kingdoms And now it was debated in Council whether Portugal ought presently to be invaded The wiser sort were for trying all obliging Methods First but the hotter Youths allowed of nothing but force of Arms and this Advice as followed 6. The King marched to the City Guarda which was delivered to him by the Bishop but Alvaro Gil Governour of the Castle would not Surrender The Towns of Cerolico The King of Castile invades Portugal Bedado and Linhares were also put into his Hands Some other Places submitted conditionally that the King should fulfil the Articles of Marriage Queen Ellenor sent to perswade the King to proceed and meet her at Santarem Several Places submitted themselves to him in his way and being come to Santarem the First Resolution of Queen Ellenor was to request he would revenge the 〈◊〉 done to her The K. answered he could not 〈…〉 quarrel unless she would resign up the 〈…〉 which she accordingly did and then they 〈…〉 Town Here the King took 〈…〉 On the right side of the Royal 〈◊〉 were the Arms of Castile and Leon and on the left those of Portugal The Royal Seal ran thus John King of Castile and Leon of Portugal of Toledo c. Money was also coyned after that manner Many of the Nobility adheared to the King of Castile and he was possest of the best Part of the Kingdom but the Multitude generally was inclined to the Bastard D. John Master of the Order of Avis The King of Castile sent D. Peter Fernandez Cabeça de Vaca with 1000 chosen Horse and a proportionable number of Foot to invest Lisbon These Troops being advanced as far as Lumiar John Fernandez Moreyra engaged them with a small Party but was himself Killed with some others many Prisoners were taken and the rest fled And now D. John the Protector marched out to meet the Enemy but they not expecting his coming fled in great disorder to Alenquer and Tâ—rres Vedras leaving all behind them 7. At First the Castilians behaved themselves modestly at Santarem but after a few Days they turned the Inhabitants out of their Houses pillaged them and abused their Wives and Daughters and there being no redress the Town began to be abandoned The Office or chief Rabbi among the Jews being vacant Queen Ellenor begged it of the King for one Man and he gave it to another recommended by his Wife Queen Beatrix This repulse and their different Humours set Queen Ellenor at Variance with the King The King of Castile and Queen Ellenor at Variaâ—â—â— and she now repented her calling him in and resigning the Government into his Hands in so much that she advised many of her Followers to go over to the Master of Avis telling them he was their Natural Lord. The King and Queen went away to Coimbra which City had promised to receive them yet when the King was Quartered in a Monastery without the City A Conspiracy against the King of Castile discovered they refused to admit him Here a Conspiracy was laid to Convey Queen Ellenor into the City and Murder the King This Design was betrayed by a Jew some of the Conspirators fled and Queen Ellenor was sent Prisoner to the Monastery of Tordesillas near Valladolid As soon as the News of Queen Ellenor's imprisonment was brought the Town of Alenquer revolted to the Protector but the King being Re-inforced marched to Besiege Lisbon At Aruda 40 Portuguese hid themselves in a great Cave and Fire being applied to it most of them died Two hid themselves in the House where the King Quartered designing to Murder him but being discovered were Hanged Many Places in the Province of Alentejo held for the Protector and sent to him for one to Command over them he sent Nâ—nho Alvarez Pereyra with an absolute Power who having visited some Places of his Charge and hearing that a great Body of Castilians was upon their March to Besiege the Town of Frontera he hasted with a much smaller number to releive that Place His Men knowing how much more numerous the Enemy was at First refused to follow him but being encouraged by his Resolution they gave the Charge and put the Castilians to the Rout killing many and among them several Persons of Note This done he took Aronches by Force and Alegrete was surrendred to him 8. The Protector understanding that a mighty Fleet was coming from Castile ordered the Archbishop of Braga to over-see the Equipping of his Vessels Lisbon Besieged by Sea and Land which performed with great industry so that Twelve Galleys some Galliots and Seven Ships were fitted out The King of Castile spread his Army about Lisbon where one of his Parties approaching to S. Augustin's Gate was defeated by 200 Horse that Sallied out of the City About the end of May 13 Galleys and 40 Ships of Castile appeared in the River of Lisbon The King drew nearer to the City and encamping at the Foot of Mount Olivet wasted the Country then encompassing it on all sides resolved to Starve it In the mean while a considerable Fleet was setting out at Porto for the relief of Lisbon and the King having notice thereof with the Advice of his Commanders resolved to give the Enemy Battle in the River The Portuguese Fleet consisted of 17 Galleys and as many Ships which entred the River in this order First 5 Ships then the 17 Galleys and after them the other 12 Ships The Portuguese Fleet stops up the River to Lisbon The Castilians furiously assailed the 5 Ships where they met with a most vigorous Opposition yet they took 3 of them but whilst they were intent upon them the rest of the Portuguese slipped by and got safe up the Harbour Soon after the King's Fleet was re-inforced by several Vessels so that now it consisted of 60 Ships and 17 Galleys besides Carracks which made the Protector lay aside all thoughts of engaging 9. The Fort of Almada opposite to Lisbon after enduring great extremities for want of Water was at length Surrendred to the King who entred into that Place on the 1st of August 1384. At this time Ruy Freyre and others discovered to the Protector a Design of betraying the City to the Castilians carried on by D. Peter de Castro Son to Count Alvaro Perez and his Accomplices who were all apprehended Many also deserted to the King and among them D. Alonso Enriquez who at Coimbra had plotted to convey away Queen Ellenor Hunger now began to pinch in Lisbon and was hard to be remedied but that at the
so others too tedious to relate Sir Francis Drake had the Command of the Fleet and Sir John Norris of the Land Forces which were 22000 Men. They sailed from Plimouth and arrived at Coruna the 4th of May where they landed and having spent Five Days before the Place without any success returned to their Ships with loss In the mean while King Philip sent Advice to Lisbon That the Cardinâ—â— Alvertus who was Governour and the Count de 〈◊〉 who was General might be in readiness The English landed some Horse and 12000 Foot at Peniche which Place they took and thence coasting along entered thâ— River of Liâ—bâ—â— The Count de Fuentes with some Troops of Horse endeavoured to secure the Country â—et Norris marched with a great Body of Troops 〈◊〉 wards Lisbon and fortyfied himself close to the City There he lay some time but still finding that not one Portuguese came over to him nor that Drake did not come up the River he marched back and embarked his Forces Many of his Men died by the way of the Plague which was got among them in Portugal and the rest arriving at Plimouth spread it through all England 12. Antony seemed now only to have come to take his last Farewel of his Country for ever after he resided in France He dies in France tho' never quitting his claim to this Crown till he died at Paris in great Poverty and the 64th Year of his Age. His Body was buried in the Church of the Nuns of Ave Maria and the Inscription on his Tomb calls him King He was endued with several good Qualities his Person was comly and his Countenance pleasing He was not unlearned especially in Divinity and wrote a Paraphrase upon the Penitential Psalms He could not marry as being of the Military Order of Malta but by several Women had the following Bastard Children First D. Emanuel de Portugal who married Emilia Daughter to William Prince of Orange Secondly Christopher who died in France Thirdly Peter who became a Franciscan Friar and was called of the Desart remarkable for Piety and Learning Fourthly Denis who took the Habit of S. Bernard in the Monastery of Valbuena Fifthly Alonso who served in the Galleys of Naples where he died Sixthly John who died very Young Seventhly Philippa a Bernardin Nun. Eightly Luisa a Franciscan Nun. Ninthly and Tenthly Two Daughters whose Names are not extant but they were both kept in the Monastery of Huelgas near Burgos by King Philip the Second CHAP. VII The Reign of Philip the Second of Spain and First of Portugal and Eigthteenth King from the Year 1580 till 1598. 1. PHilip the Second of Spain Birth of King Philip and First of Portugal Son to the Emperor Charles the Fifth and the Empress Elizabeth Daughter of King Emanuel of Portugal was born at Valladolid on the 23th of March 1527. After the loss of King Sebastian in Africk he sent Don Christopher de Moura to condole with the New King and Cardinal Henry offering his assistance in reestablishing the Kingdom in its former Splendor and Money for the redemption of Captives The First he ransomed was the Duke of Barcelos Son to him of Bragança and with him several Gentlemen King Henry dying and the Kingdom being in a Confusion for that the Governours feared to declare who was the next Heir and the Multitude began to declare for Antony the Grand Prior King Philip came to Badajoz hoping his approach would induce the Portuguese to declare for him but being deceived of his Expectation he sent the Duke of Alva who reduced all the Country with much ease as we have seen in the foregoing Chapter At the time the King intended to enter the Kingdom in Person he fell so dangerously Sick that he was given over He suddenly recovered and Ann his Queen who was with him died Being restored to his Health he was received at Elvas He enters Portugal D. Christopher de Moura and Nunho Alvarez Pereyra attending upon him as Ministers of State for this Kingdom Lisbon was not yet quite clear of the Plague and therefore he ordered the Cortes or Parliament to meet at Tomar on the 15th of April In his way thither he met the Dutchess of Bragança and they were long together tho' their Discourse was not over pleasant for the King treated her not with all the Complement she expected and she never gave him the stile of Majesty Being come to Tomar before the opening of the Parliament he caused himself to be Sworn King according to the Portuguese manner and his Son Prince James Heir of the Crown An Amnâ—sty Next he granted a general Pardon to all that had sided with Antony the Grand Prior only excepting Fifty two Persons and excluding all religious Men that espoused his Quarrel from Spiritual Promotions 2. The Parliament was opened the 19th of April He holds a Parliament the King sitting on his Throne The King bountifully bestowed his Favours upon all there and yet there were more discontented than pleased It was proposed to suppress the University of Coimbra because it had supported the Grand Prior but the King would not suffer it to be done What the King granted of his own will to the Kingdom in general Priviledges granted to Portugal was as follows That he will keep all their Ancient Priviledges and Immunities That the Parliament shall always meet within the Kingdom That none shall be Governour of Portugal but a Native unless it be a Prince of the Blood That all Places of Trust and Honour shall be given to Natives That all the Officers of the Houshould shall be kept up and none but Natives shall be such That the same be observed in India and America and none but Portuguese Ships shall be allowed to Trade thither That all the Money coined in the Kingdom shall be stamped with only the Portuguese Arms. That all Church Preferments and Commendaries of Military Orders shall be given to Natives That no New Imposition shall be laid upon the Church That there shall be always a Portuguese Council with his Majesty for the Affairs of the Kingdom These are the Principal Heads the others being much of the same Purport or less Material I omit for brevity sake They were in all Twenty five Articles King Philip bound himself by Oath to perform them left his Blessing to such of his Heirs as preserved and his Curse to those that violated them 3. The Cortes being broke up Philip's publick Entry into Lisbon King Philip resolved to make his solemn Entry into Lisbon but because the City had not yet finished the Works designed for his Reception he staid some Days at Almada a Town on the opposite side of the River On the 29th of June he entered the City attended by all the Nobility with the greatest Splendor and Majesty imaginable Thus ended the Calamities of this Kingdom which had lasted Two Years during which short time there may be reckoned Five several
of Humane Vanity Those few Restorers of Mankind and small Remnant of that wonderful Desolation cleansed the Place and laid the Foundation of the first City in the World after its Destruction That it was called Saga Albina as the Rabbies will have it whom some learned Authors follow is very uncertain as are all other Things depending on Humane Faith which is very fallible though depending on the Credit of that very Age much more when delivered so long after The Infallible as being Divine Historian clears this Doubt when he calls it Babel for this Name belonged to the City before the Erecting of the Tower which was no more than a part of the other It is no less uncertain that Araxa a Daughter of Noah according to the same Authors remained as Sovereign of that City when the Inhabitants being grown too numerous were obliged to divide and spread themselves farther about the Earth 2. It was not so much their Multitude that obliged them to separate Wâ—â— the Of 〈◊〉 of Noah dispersed as the Discord that began to grow among them and even their Vices for they all rather chose to follow the Example of their wicked Ancestors who had suffered than to take Warning by their Punishment Even the Memory of that Chastisement instead of reclaiming served only to make them the more guilty For after having begged and obtained Mercy from God they proudly attempted to raise Works against Heaven and brave his Omnipotence They had the Presumption to believe they could secure themselves against another Deluge without the Assistance of God And whereas the surest Fence Mortals have against the just Indignation of the Almighty is his Mercy when humbly sued for yet they began that so famous Tower which as it was a Work prodigious for Men in that Infancy of their Reparation so it â—roved so meer a Nothing to GOD that He made 〈◊〉 of no other Engines to destroy it but the Tongues oâ— the Builders Hence many Ages after sprang that Greek Fable Of the Giants destroyed with Lightning for â—â—â—mpting to climb up to Heaven by laying Mountains upon Mountains Thus the most favoured Part of the Creationâ— in Heaven and on Earth both Men and Angels 〈◊〉 gave themselves up to Pride and Rebellion 3. Nimrod The Tower of Babel built Grandson to the wicked Cham was the Founder of this fond Structure which perished before it could be finished Wherefore finding now that GOD needed no other Power against the Machinations of Men but themselves and Discord still increasing more than the People which yet multiplied to Excess Life being granted for so long a Term of Years they concluded there was no Way to escape the Hand of GOD without they could find out Means to avoid one another the greatest Grievance being then to tolerate themselves This made them resolve to spread themselves farther than the narrow Bounds of the adjacent Provinces to seek the remote Parts of the Earth and commit themselves to the Sea in Vessels made after the Pattern of the Ark. So they marched into distant Countries and touched remote Shores still stretching farther and farther till they had filled the Circumference of this Terrestrial Globe The Heads of this first Transmigration were the Sons of our Second Father Sem Cham and Japhet Some say Asia Africk and Europe were their three Portions which were called the Three Parts of the World till Experience taught us they were but one of the two Continents which divide this Lower World and may seem to have been divided into three Parts in respect to them three 4. After these three first Universal Planters had separated themselves and inhabited the nearer Regions the Multitude still increasing their Children thought of sub-dividing and travelling to find out some remoter Habitations where every Head of a Family might erect himself a Sovereignty Tubal lands in Portugal Among these Tubal the fifth Son of Japhet sailing the Mediterranean passed out of the Mouth of the Streightâ— and leaving the Cape formerly called Promontorium Sacrum now Cape St. Vincent behind landed in the most Western Part of Europe and being invited by the Pleasantness of the Soil and Sereneness of the Air founded on the Edge of the Sea not far from the Mouth of Tagus the City Setubal Other Countries pretend he first built Cities among them I will not dispute it with them so I be allowed he came hither This happen'd about the Year of the World not to be too precise in such dark Antiâ—uities 1800 about 150 Years after the Deluge and â—070 before Christ and till the time that the Divine WORD was made Flesh we will reckon thus diminishing still the Years 5. These first Antiquities to most Men seem fabulous and therefore I will lightly run them over till those Times that afford us more Light of History there being no solid Grounds to fix the Credit of what passed before the Time of the Romans and Carthaginians Only as for the first Peopling of Spain by Tubal we have the Authority of Josephus who says That of Jobel came the Jobeli afterwards called Iberi Celtiberi and Spaniards 6. The first Form of Government as the most perfect was Monarchical and that not confined or restrained as since the Insolence of Subjects has made it but absolute There were no Laws to bind the Sovereign or People the Will of the Monarch was positive Law Princes at first studied rather how to maintain Tubal the first King of Spain than enlarge their Dominions In this manner Tubal governed Spain the Term of an Hundred Years and then gave them a Form of Law or rather Advice in Verse to be transmitted to Posterity He also settled a Form of Divine Worship as knowing that The Fear of GOD is the Beginning of Wisdom Tubal having reigned 155 Years 2009. died and was buried in that farther Part of Spain which in respect to his Ashes was called Promontorium Sacrum and which for many Ages the Natives thought it profane to tread And this Name continued till the first King of Portugul Don Alfonso Enriquez changed it to that of Cape St. Vincent 7. By the Death of Tubal Iberus the second King the Monarchy of Spain devolved upon his Son Iberus of whom some say the River Ebro took Name and Spain that of Iberia He invented the Art of Fishing reigned 37 Years and died in the Year 1972. 1972. before Christ Observe always that the Year one died the other commenced his Reign 8. Jubelus Jubelus the third King Jubalda or Idubeda Son and Successor to Iberus spent most of his time in the Study of Astrology or Natural Magick and ended his Days having reigned 64 Years 9. Upon the Death of his Father 1907. Brigus took upon him the Sovereignty Brigus the fourth King who built many Towns and Fortresses which still preserve his Name as appears in Lacobriga Conimbriga Medobriga Brigancia and others From his erecting so many Castles it is supposed
reigned 33 Years Siculus the next King and dying left the Kingdom to Siculus who being born in Lusitania preserved the same Affection his Father had done for that Province and People He also is supposed to have passed over into Italy and to have overthrown the Aborigines whence sailing into Sicily 1416. he subdued that Island and left his Name to it where he ended his Days having reigned 61 Years 8. The Death of Siculus was so much resented by the Spaniards and particularly the Lusitanians that he leaving no Heir An interregnum for 100 Years they resolved not to submit themselves to another King Above an Hundred Years they lived at their Liberty referring all Controversies to the ancientest Men Bacchus in Spain and standing to their Decision till Bacchus the Son of Semele with a numerous Army of sundry Nations came into Spain The Fame of so mighty an Army terrified the Spaniards but they were no less delighted with their Luxurious manner of living all their Martial Exercises being intermixed with Pleasures and Delights Hence the Sports used to this day in Portugal called Folias are supposed to have deduced their Original which consists of Dancing Taboring and Singing The Word is either derived from the Latin Folia or leaves because the Bacchanals were so Crowned or from the Italian signifying Madness which is proper enough to such Divertisements and to the Feasts of the Bacchanals 9. Bacchus finding the Lusitanians opposed his Command and cut off many of his Army retiring to the Mountains after doing the Mischief employed his Tutor Silenus to work upon them by fair means which he did so effectually that they submitted themselves to him only upon condition he should not use the Name of King which they would allow to none since the Death of their beloved King Lusus However Bacchus finding them an Ignorant and Credulous People perswaded them that the Soul of Lusus was transmigrated unto his Son Lisias Lisias made King who for the Love they bore him was returned to Reign over them This Fiction so took with the People that they put themselves wholly into his Power congratulating with themselves the Happiness of having recovered their admired King Bacchus returned into Italy and his Son remained possessed of this great part of Europe which he enjoyed not full Three Years 1299. He dying the Lusitanians would not admit any other King but chose for their Commander Cacus chose General one Cacus a bold Fellow and one of Lisias his Companions he raising a powerful Army marched against Palatuus King of Andaluzia whom in a Bloody Battle he overthrew and by that means remained possessed of the greatest part of all Spain puffed up with this Success he became Insolent and Cruel which rendred him Odious to the People 10. Palatuus who lay lurking in the Mountains laid hold of this opportunity sent some to sound the affections of the Multitude and finding them well inclined towards him adventured to raise Forces and march towards Lusitania Hercules the Theban in Spain overthrows Cacus At the same time Hercules the Theban with the rest of the Argonauts being by stress of Weather cast ashore in Spain near the mouth of Guadalquivir was lovingly received and entertained by Palatuus this Courtesie obliged him to espouse his Quarrel and so joyning their Forces they overthrew the Tyrant Cacus or Licinius who fled into Italy whither presently after Hercules returned Still the Lucitanians preserved their Liberty as before as they did whilst Erithreus whom some call the Son others the Cousin of Palatuus reigned in the other parts of Spain Palatuus seems to have Reigned 67 Years and Gargoris is said to have been his Son but for this there is no manner of Authority 11. The Tyranny of Cacus or Licinius lasted Thirty Six Years which are to be included in the 70 of Palatuus his Reign and many more Lusitania remained free from any subjection being governed only by the Rules of Reason 1158. and some of Tubal's Laws which remained in Verse Gargoris finds the use of Honey and its making It fell out accidentally that a Man called Gargoris which formerly signified a burning Coal or Flame found a Swarm of Bees in a hollow Oak and discovering their Honey taught the use of it to the People This sweet Discovery was worth a Crown which the Multitude iâ— Requital for that Benefit freely bestowed upon him He was afterwards by the Latins called Melicola for discovering to the Spaniards the Use of Honey Whilst Gargoris reigned he had a Daughter got with Child by some Gallant or as some thought by her own Father for as soon as the Child was born Abidis exposed Brought to Court Teaches the People to yoke Oxen plow and sow he caused it to be exposed to the Wild Beasts But they instead of destroying nourished the Infant of which he being informed caused him to be cast into the Sea and that Element milder than the Grandfather carried it up the River Tagus as far as Santarem formerly called Scalabis where it was suckled by a Doe Of her being grown up he took to a natural Swiftness so that they that hunted in the Mountains admired to see in him the Figure of a Man and the Wildness of a Beast Gargoris hearing hereof and not imagining it was his Grandson caused him to be taken in a Gin and being brought before him he by known Signs perceived it was the same he had exposed His Hatred now turned into Love he called him Abidis causing him to be carefully instructed And he was so great a Proficient that it was he who first civilized that barbarous Multitude He also taught them to yoke Oxen to plow and sow 11. Troy being reduced to Ashes 1130. Vlysses with a part of the Grecian Fleet driven by Storms out of the Mouth of the Streights arrived at length at the Mouth of the River Tagus Ulysses in Portugal and entring landed where he found already built a City on the Hill to which he left his Name which remains to this Day being called Vlyssippo which is the famous City Lisbon Here in Memory of the Favours received of the Goddess Minerva he built a stately Temple and dedicated it to her Gargoris upon the News of his Arrival marched towards him with an Army but they both meeting and conferring together parted Friends And not so content Gargoris gave to Vlysses his Daughter the Mother of Abidis in Marriage However the Greeks committing several Insolences in the Country they became odious to the People who rising up in Arms against them Vlysses stole away to Sea leaving his new Wife behind How long Gargoris reigned cannot positively be set down the best Guess that can be given is Seventy seven Years 1105. At the same time that Vlysses sailed out of Tagus Diomedes enter'd the River Mino in the North of Portugal There he founded a City which after the Name of his Father
Tideus he called Tide and in process of Time by Corruption is now called Tuy 12. The wonderful Abidis succeeded his fortunate Father Gargoris Abidis reigns in the Kingdom of Spain and in Gratitude to the Mountains where he was bred built the City Santarem and reigned 35 Years much beloved of his Subjects 1038. About this time happen'd that wonderful Dearth in Spain A wonderful Dearth which lasted 26 Months during which time it never rained Some there are who extend this to 40 Years others to 30. Such it was that all the Country became Desart the Inhabitants either perishing for Want or fleeing to other Places Long after this 952. a Multitude of the Celtae the ancient Inhabitants of France came into the Southern Parts of Portugal where they built several Towns and re-edified others before ruined They being mixed and well united with the Natives stood them in good stead when the Phoenicians possessed themselves of the Island of Cadiz Sidonians in Spain Not content with settling themselves there they began to incroach upon the People of Andaluzia and fortified themselves at Sidon now Medina Sidonia whence they were expelled by the united Forces of the ancient Natives 752. and intruding Celtae Which done the Lusitanians chose Argantonius for their King who governed them many Years with general Applause some Authors stretching his Life to 140 Years others only to 120. 13. The Celtae inhabiting Lusitania The Celtae settle in Portugal being vastly increased so that the Country they possessed could not contain them passed over the River Tagus with their Flocks and Families with a Design to settle along the Sea-Coast beyond the Promontory of the Moon now called the Rock of Sintra Those People fearing their intruding Guests marched out to oppose them but being overthrown were forced to submit to those that came with Intention only to be their Companions The Turduli for so those People were called joining with the Inhabitants of Lisbon formed another Army and joining Battel with the Celtae gained the Field but with such Loss that they had no reason to boast of their Victory Both Parties considering the Loss sustained came to an Agreement and divided the Province betwixt them 14. The Turduli thought themselves secure after this War with the Celtae when a more dangerous Enemy assaulted them The Mountainous People descend into the Plain These were a savage Mountainous People who having till then lived upon the Milk of their Goats and Wild Fruit came down to seek a better Country to inhabit but being defeated they passed the River Tagus There the Celtae cut off a good Number of them which obliged the rest to march along the River Tagus to the Sea-side where finding no Body to oppose them they settled themselves And from them that Cape near Setuval was called Promontorium Barbaricum now Caboâ—de Espichel 15. Nabuchadonosor having taken Hierusalem Nabuchodonozor in Spain and subdued a great part of the then known World came at last into Spain with his mighty Army composed of all Nations Having besieged the Island of Cadiz where the Phoenicians inhabited by Sea and Land he was driven thence by the united Forces of Spain and so with his whole Army put to Sea again He had before over-run the greatest part of Spain and now departing left behind him the greatest Plague that ever infested it Thus was a great Number of Jews dispersed in several Parts of it who fixing then could never since be rooted out The Phoenicians delivered of the Danger of Nabuchodonosor refused to pay the Lusitanians whom they had called to their Aid who offended thereat demanded more than was their Due The Controversie came to be decided by Blows wherein the Lusitanians were worsted yet not so discouraged but that gathering fresh Forces they came on again so furiously that having vanquished their Enemies they put them all to the Sword without Mercy By this Victory they became Masters of the greatest part of Andaluzia so that great Numbers of them went over to inhabit there calling it Turdetania where they built many Cities 16. In the mean while The Carthaginians come to relieve the Phoenicians the Phoenicians shut up in the Island of Cadiz craved Aid of the Carthaginians their ancient Allies against the Lusitanians who Lorded it over all Andaluzia The Carthaginians were not backward to undertake this Expedition but Rigging a mighty Fleet sent it to their Relief under the Command of Mezerbal a valiant and wise Captain At their first Landing in some Skirmishes our Men found their Valour would not avail against the Africans without some Martial Discipline Therefore they made Choice of one Baucius Capetus or as others call him Bachius Carupus a Man of a Gigantick Stature and great Conduct for their General He observing the manner of the Carthaginian Warfare instructed his Men accordingly About Break of Day the two Armies joined Battel with terrible Out-cries and no less Effusion of Blood Mezerbal observing his Troops disordered and giving way with some chosen Bands renewed the Fight and made the Victory more bloody than it would have been had not so great a General commanded Yet at last The Carthaginians defeated he was forced to give way and save his Life by Flight Baucius having pursued the Enemy and taken the Spoil of the Field returned Victorious and erected lasting Trophies in the Temples of his Idols The future Actions of Mezerbal being the Beginning of the Carthaginian Dominion in Spain require a new Chapter These Things were done about the Year of the World 3403 after the Deluge 1747 which is 559 Years before the Birth of Christ CHAP. III. The Actions of the Carthaginian Governors Mezerbal Sappho Hanno the First Himilco Gisgo Hannibal the First Hanno the Second Boodes Maherbal Hamilcar Barcinus Asdrubal and Hannibal the Second The Planting of many Colonies and Beginning of the Roman War 1. MEzerbal and Carthaginian though overthrown quitted not his Pretensions but contrived by Policy to compass what he had failed of by open Force He began to treat amicably with the Lusitanian Turduli 559. and sped so well that they intrusted him with several Places of Consequence Mezerbal subdues Portugal whereof being once possessed he began to Lord it over them This was the Beginning of the African Dominion in Spain Mean while that barbarous People who inhabited along the Coast of Setuval invented a new and bloody Sacrifice which continued for many Years 550. The Sea cast up a Whale of a wonderful Bigness whereat that ignorant People being terrified and thinking it had been some Sea-God A barbarous Sacrifice they killed a Young Man and a Maid and left them by the Whale The Tide rising it carried away the dead Bodies which they looked upon as an Acceptance of their Sacrifice and therefore they every Year after repeated it even after the Coming of Christ 2. About the same time 15000 of the Turduli seeking new Lands to
Lusitania was divided into three Districts whose heads were Merida Beja and Santarem In the three were Forty Six Towns of Note five of them were Roman Colonies to wit Merida Medellia Norba Cesarea near Alcantara Braga and Santarem besides others that had the Liberties of Rome or Latium under the Name of Municipia The Limits of Lusitania were along the Sea Coast from the Mouth of the River Guadiana to that of Duero and thence to the River Minho Towards the inland it ran from Guadiana to Medina del Campo including the City Salamanca with all Estremadura bordered by the River Duero Nerva Nerva the succeeding Emperor much mended the state of Rome and the whole Empire but chiefly by adopting Trajan the Spaniard so that still a better Emperor followed a good one Portugal retains no Monument of Nerva only it appears by a Stone found in the Ruins of Atilia which was between Genoa and Tortona that several Troops of Lusitanians served under the Imperial Banners 6. Tho' Trajan began his Reign with great moderation Trajan yet as is usual in great Empires many places Rebelled which were afterwards subdued by his Generals He adorned this Kingdom with many Publick and Majestick Structures not laying the Burden of the Expence upon the People but defraying it out of his own Revenue among these Works is still famous the Bridge he Built over Tagus called the Bridge of Trajan till the Moores gave it the Name of the Bridge of Alcantara It consists of six Arches the two middlemost whereof being the largest reach over the River when there are no Floods The length of it is 670 Foot the Breadth 28 and the height above 200 the Stones are all of one Bigness four Foot in length and two in Breadth Between the two middle Arches on both sides is an Inscription in Marble to this Effect To the Emperor Caesar Augustus Nerva Trajanus Son to the Divine Nerva Conqueror of Germany and Dacia high Priest Father of his Country who was Eight times Tribune and Six times Consul On both sides of this Inscription were the Names of the Towns that contributed towards the Fabrick near to the Bridge is a Church tho' little in it self yet considerable in the Workmanship It is but twenty Foot in length and ten in breadth but being cut out of the Rock consists of only one Stone It is now Dedicated to St. Julian formerly to all the Gods as the Rotunda at Râ—me in it is a Roman Inscription containing these Words Conâ—ecrated to the Emperor Nerva Trajanus Caesar Augustus Germanicus Dacicus Another Bridge begun by Vespatian at Chaves was also finished by Trajan as appears by the Inscriptions upon it 7. The Lusitanians The Lusitanians revolt and are reduced by Trajan under the usual Pretence of Oppression broke out into open Rebellion and committed many Insolencies For the suppressing of whom Trajan sent 14 Legions which utterly destroyed many populous Towns and Cities One of these Cities was Lamego which now stands not far from its antient Seat on the South side of the River Duero and is one of the best Bishopricks in the Kingdom In the 14 Legions were many Lusitanians who in that common Calamity helped much to the preserving their Country from utter Extirpation Trajan died a natural Death which was then looked upon as no small Rarity His Fleets had before sailed down the Rivers Tigris and Euphrates into the Persian Gulph and thence into the Indian Ocean where taking some Vessels that came from Bengale he got much Information concerning those Countries Age and other Cares hinder'd him from making a farther Progress in those Discoveries 8. Adrian next ascended the Imperial Throne Adrian who thinking it impossible to maintain all the Conquests of the Empire he wholly abandoned them To secure the rest of that vast Monarchy he placed Foreign Governors over all the Provinces Over the Lusitanians he placed Andaluzians and over them Lusitanians These governed so well that two of them had Statues erected to their Memory Quintus Pontius Severus one of the two was born at Braga And Caius Caretius Fusius the other at Chaves Other Monuments there are of Adrian in Portugal but not material to History He reigned almost 21 Years 140. Antoninus Pius his Successor Antoninus Pius held the Empire 22 Years but left no Memorial in Portugal About these Times was laid the first Foundation of the City Basto afterwards Basta among the Bastetani As also Basto between the Rivers Duero and Minho whereof only the Name is now preserved in a miserable poor Village Then also or soon after an Heretick called Mark laboured to infect the People of Valencia in the same Province between Duero and Minho and though driven thence failed not of some Followers among the Women but those of the meanest sort 162. for the others abhorred him Great Troubles happen'd in Spain Marcus Aurelius but most in the Province of Lusitania during the Reign of Marcus Aurelius A vast Multitude of Mauritanians The Mauritanians ravage Spain being in Rebellion against the Emperor came over into Spain and having robbed the Sea-port Towns they boldly pierced into the In-land Portugal was so involved in this Calamity that it came near to utter Desolation All that lay along the Coast from the Cape of St. Vincent to the Mouth of the River Duero was consumed with Fire and Sword Lisbon held out several furious Assaults by the Strength of its Situation Porto after a vigorous Resistance was forced to Article After having committed all manner of Outrages the Africans put to Sea for fear of the Roman Legions and Lusitanian Forces which were upon their March towards them For above 70 Years in which 13 Emperors reigned till Maximin we are in Darkness as to the Affairs of Portugal For though there are some old Inscriptions extant they only serve to prove there were such Emperors which is not to our purpose since our Subject is only what relates to Portugal 9. The Memory of Maximin 239. the Successor of Alexander Severus Maximin is preserved in the City Braga in a Street and Gate of his Name He also made several Ways and Bridges in that Country as appears by Inscriptions upon Stones Some other Reigns passed without any thing remarkable 269. In that of the careless Galienus Galienus a Plague came out of the East bearing down all to the West and raged so violently in Lusitania that the Cities were almost left desolate and the Fields untilled Galienus awaken'd at this Scourge ordered the Persecution against the Christians which had been continued ever since the Time of Decius to cease This Persecution had filled Heaven with Martyrs Persecution under him and also terrified others in such a manner that they renounced the Faith Among the latter were Marcialis Bishop of Merida and Basilides of Astorga Elianus or Lelius Deacon of Merida a Man of great Learning and Vertue assembled a National Council in that
Guard of the Pyraenean Hills was committed to the Suâ—vians and Alans that they might keep out the other Barbarous Nations dispersed throughout France Thus flushed with the rich Booty they had got in Spain they invited the Vandals Alans Suevians and Selingi whom they were to have kept out into Spain 416. Those People though under several Commanders unanimous in the same purpose passed the Mountains Guadericus was King of the Vandals Hermenericus of the Suevians and Resplandianus of the Alans They over-ran all the Country gaining several Victorie so that the Roman Authority was wholly abolished and Spain entirely brought under that barbarous Tyranny All the Civility and Policy learnt of the Romans reduced to a Brutal Disorder and most of the antient Natives destroyed by Sword Pestilence and Famine 4. The Vandals and Silingi planted themselves in the Province of Betica Alans and Suevians in Lusitania The Alans and Suevians in Galiciae and Lusitania In this universal Desolation the Relicks of the Saints being destroyed together with the Churches Panoracius Archbishop of Braga gathered a Synod of some Bishops and ordered them to hide the Bodies of the Saints so that some Memory of the Places might be preserved to better Times This was the First Council of Braga First Council of Braga In the mean while the Invaders took Lisbon Coimbra Idanha Merida Astorga and afterwards the rest Having divided the Lands Kings of the Alans and Suevians and Resplandianus King of the Alans dying Attaces succeeded him in the Kingdom of Lusitania and settled his Court in the City Merida Hermenericus King of the Suevians Rept Lisbon and all as far as Algarve with a part of Galicia Both these Nations in process of Time became more tractable and joined with the Natives Attaces now grown powerful became terrible to his Neighbours sometimes breaking into Celtiberia and sometimes into Carpentania Lastly he fell upon Hermenericus King of the Suevians residing at Lisbon From him besides other Lands he took the City Colimbria seated then where now is Conderia the Old To ennoble this his Conquest he laid the Foundation of another City on the Banks of the River Mondego which is now the University of Coimbra This Prince being an Arian Heretick obliged the Catholicks and even the Prelates before taken to work at this Building Whilst he was busie at this Structure Hermenericus having gathered Forces and joined with Gundericus came as far as Porto Porto re-built then an Heap of Ruins But fearing lest Attaces should there encounter him he fortified himself and that so effectually that People flocking thither the City was re-built and called New Portucale and Fistavole which in the Suevian Language signified the New Shoar This was the second Foundation of Porto Hermenericus perceiving that Attaces came not to molest him in his new Work marched to disturb him but being overthrown he was glad to sue for Peace The Conditions were such as pleased the Alans but particularly that which contained his marrying Cindasunda the Daughter of the Suevian King a Lady of incomparable Beauty and Vertue Hermenericus carried the Bride to the new City Coimbra where the Nuptials were solemnized with the greatest Magnificence that had been seen among the Barbarians 5. Attaces to express to his Father-in-Law how firmly he intended to observe the new-settled Friendship caused Cindasunda to be painted on his Colours standing upon a Pedestal with a Green Dragon on the one side and a Red Lion on the other By those two Creatures were signified the two Kings before Competitors now united by her The Work-men to flatter their King carved the same upon many Stones which have been so preserved Arms of Porto that it is now the Coat of Arms of that City Cindasunda who was a Catholick privately favoured those that the King forced to labour at his Structures But particularly she took Compassion on the Priests and Bishops and among them the Bishop Elipanidus and the Priest Esenus She with her Beauty and Intreaties so mollified the King that many Catholicks were delivered from that Slavery They lived some Time together very unanimously He employed himself in endeavouring to subdue such Provinces as yet remained subject to the Roman Empire but the Romans joining with the Goths defended themselves as will appear by the Sequel 6. The Emperor Honorius 417. then at Ravenna seeing the mighty Decay of the Empire for Constantius was possessed of a great part of France while Ataulfus the Goth held Gallia Narbonensis and the Vandals Suevians and Alans Spain Against all these Enemies he made choice of Constantius a Noble Roman who besieged Constantine in Arles and drove him for fear to enter into Orders Yet this availed him not for he was put to Death Constantius designed next to turn his victorious Arms against Constans but understood that he was killed by Geronicus who rebelling had proclaimed Emperor a Friend of his own called Maximus This Geronicus passed over into France And hearing that Constantius having slain Constantine was coming upon him he returned into Spain and in Scorn was murder'd by the Roman Legions Maximus fearing the like Death fled and ended his Days in Misery In the mean time Honorius having by his General Constantius reduced France and Great Britain he employed him against Ataulfus King of the Goths The Goths enter Spain in Gallia Narbonensis The Goth hard pressed by the Way of Roussillon broke into Spain committing greater Outrages than the Alans Vandals Suevians or Silingi had done 418. After many Events which appertain not to our History the Goths came to Composition with Honorius But it was not so with the Alans who possessed the greatest part of Portugal and continued their Conquests treating the Vandals and Suevians not as their Fellows in Arms but as their Vassals This put all Spain into a Flame every one standing up for his Liberty as Attaces lifted up himself to Lord it over all That each Nation might be the more at leisure to follow their desperate Designs they all writ to the Emperor to this Effect Preserve the Peace Sir with us all Take Hostages from us all Let us fight for if we kill one another the Loss is our own and yours the Fruit of the Victory whoever has the better Your greatest Advantage is to see us all consumed The War was accordingly begun the Alans commencing it against the Vandals and Silingi Constantius came to thâ— War bringing with him Walia King of the Goths whose Residence was in Gatalonia And Attaces not able to withstand that Power fled into Portugal 7. The Victors pursued and Attaces giving them Battel was overthrown though joined by the Native Lusitanians Those that escaped out of the Battel fled some into Galicia to Gundericus others to Lisbon to the Suevians seeking the Protection of those they had before prosecuted as Enemies Thus they rested a while without any King But Constantius being called away to appease other Troubles in
to his Name His Wife was Gaudiosa of Cantabria Fourth Grandchild to Ofilon Brother to Stephen the happy Father of the Archbishop St. Ildefonsus By her he had Favila and Ermesenda who succeeded him in the Regal Dignity 722. He took Leon in the Year 722 And hence came the Title of Kings of Leon and the Bearing of a Lion for their Arms. 737. He died at Cangas at the Foot of the Mountain Auseva in September 737 and lies buried in the Church of Covadonga built by himself and his Wife and dedicated to the Virgin Mary 8. Favila Favila succeeds Pelagius who succeeded his Father Pelagius had not Time to perform any great Actions being killed in the Second Year of his Reign by a Bear as he was hunting He lies buried in the Church of the Holy Cross founded by himself at Cangas He married Froilivua and either had no Sons or at least they came not to the Crown for his Sister Ermesenda succeeded him and took to Husband and King D. Alonso Son to D. Peter Duke of Cantabria descended from Recaredus J. During the foregoing Years the Christians in Portugal enjoyed full Liberty of Conscience Several Moorish Great Men ruled over them Aliboacen Grandson to the General Tarif was Lord of the City Coimbra and all the Territories betwixt the Rivers Alva-Mondego and Agueda governing with Tyrannical Power Thus the Portuguese lived in Subjection when Heaven gave them Hopes of recovering their Liberty Happy was the Kingdom in falling to Ermesenda for that she was the Mother of the Victorious and Religious King Alonso who conquer'd a great part of Castile King Alonso successful against the Infidels Galicia and Portugal He enter'd Galicia with a powerful Army and took the Cities of Lugâ— and Tuy Then passing over the River Minho he over-ran all the Country as far as Duero entring the Cities and Towns of Braga Porto Agueda Viseo and Chaves besides other Places of Importance No Quarter was given to the Moors and the Christians were carried away to Asturias he not designing to keep all he gained This was the first King after the Destruction of Spain that had any Jurisdiction in Portugal Thus he reigned 757. with great Honour 17 Years and died at the Age of 64. His and his Wife's Bodies were buried in the Church of Covadonga He had Issue Fruela who succeeded him Wimaranus Aurelius and Adosinda By a Slave he had Mauregatus who proved more like the Mother than the Father as will appear in the Sequel 9. Fruela K. Fruela kills 60000 Moors who inherited his Father's Valour as well as his Kingdom marched to meet a mighty Army sent against him by Abderramen King of Cordova the first that in Spain durst cast off the Authority of the African Calyph under the Command of Omar to revenge the Harm done by the late King Alonso in Portugal and Galicia He met with no Opposition in Portugal But in Galicia King Fruela discomfitted his mighty Army killing him and 60000 of his Men. This done crossing Portugal to besiege Setuval he overthrew Aliaben Talib who came to put a Stop to his Proceedings with 1500 Horse and 14000 Foot Of the Moors 8000 were slain in the Fight and of the Christians 2300. This Victory laid that Country open and the King after an hard Siege had Setuval surrender'd to him This is his last Action we know of in Portugal In other Places he performed many great Exploits He forbid Priests to marry which had been allowed since the Time of King Witiza and was the Founder of the City Oviedo All his Vertues and Trophies were obscured by his putting his Brother Wimaranus to death upon bare Suspition that he intended to rebel because he was exceedingly beloved by the People for his extraordinary Endowments Most Authors agree that this Wimaranus was Father to Bermudo the Monk afterwards King Fruela was married to Monina the Daughter of Eudo Duke of Guienne in France Their Children were D. Alonso and the Lady Ximena This King had also a Bastard-Son called Raimund He prospered no more after the Death of his Brother Wimaranus for Abderramen King of Cordova recovered all that Part of Portugal which lies betwixt Cape St. Vincent and the River Tagus 768. After this Loss he was murder'd at Cangas by his Brother Aurelius His Body and that of his Wife were buried in the great Church of Oviedo founded by himself He reigned 11 Years in great Esteem with his People and two more after the Death of his Brother no less hated than he had been beloved 10. We have no Account of any thing remarkable Particular Affairs of Portugal done by Aurelius the Successor of Fruela in Portugal But about this time Marvan Ibenzorat reigned in Coimbra And Theodus a Noble-man descended of the Gothish Kings was Governor of the Christians in these Parts with the Title of Count. Aurelius reigned six Years died at Cangas and was buried in the Church of St. Michael 774. He leaving no Children Adosinda the Daughter of King Alonso and Queen Ermesenda and his Sister succeeded him She married Silo whose Parents are not known but so he came to be King He enter'd Portugal to make War upon the Moors and took from them the City Merida in Estremadura Thence he marched against the People of Galicia who were in Rebellion and finding great Opposition after the Victory he treated them with much Severity Having obtained these Victories the King gave himself up so entirely to his Ease that the Queen managed all the Government They had one Son called Aldegastus who with his Wife Brunilda built the Monastery of St. Mary d' Ovanna in the Territory of Tineo for their Burying-place 783. The King died when he had reigned Nine Years and was buried in the Church of St. John de Pravia founded by himself His Epitaph is thus H. S. E. S. S. S. T. L. Each Letter stands for a Word and are HIC SITUS EST SILO SIT SIBI TERRA LEVIS. CHAP. VII The succeeding Kings from the Year 783 till 924. The Battels they fought and their Conquests upon the Moors but more particularly in Portugal 1. QUeen Adosinda considering the good Qualities of her Nephew D. Alonso the Son of Alonso the Catholick King 783. she appointed him her Successor Mauregatus the Bastard Son of the same Alonso begotten on a Slave Mauregatus the Bastard usurps the Crown soon deprived him of the Crown To compass his Design he enter'd into a League with the Moors and became Tributary to them the Tribute consisting of 100 Noble Maids to be deliver'd to them yearly In case he gave not the Maids in lieu of every one he was to pay 500 Pieces of Money supposed to answer to as many Crowns in our Days This Tribute was conveyed to Cordova and gathered and secured in several Parts of Asturias Galicia and Portugal Now some Authors affirm this Tribute was paid in the Year 770 and if so
places among which were Braga Porto Chaves and Viseo all in Portugal The King of Cordova coming down suddenly with an Army took Viseo first and then Salamanca and so returned to Cordova refusing to give our King Battel who thereupon wasted all the Country of Toledo Then turning into Portugal he retook Viseo and had Coimbra yielded to him 9. It appears by a Grant of his to Sisenandus Bishop of Compostela that the Territories betwixt Duero and Minho and that called Tras os Montes or Beyond the Mountains were Desart from the first coming of the Moors till his time when he Peopled and made them fit to with stand the Enemy At this sametime the King continued the Structure of the stately Church of St. James the Apostle The Church of St. James the Apostle in Galicia Dedicated Seventeen Bishops were present at the Dedication of it above half of them were Portuguese Next by Order of Pope John the VIII the King held a National Council at Oviedo to provide for the Bishops that were Expelled from their Diocesses and erect the Bishoprick of Oviedo into an Archbishoprick after which the King again applied himself to Peopling of the Country 903. and was come as far as the River Tagus when he understood his own Sons conspired to depose him being encouraged by their Mother and some of the Nobility He voluntarily performed what they intended to extort from him The Christian Dominions divided betwixt the two Sons of King Alonso to D. Garcia he gave Oviedo Leon and Castile to D. Ordono Gallicia and Portugal Having resigned his Kingdoms he went in Pilgrimage to Santiago and at his return asked of his Son Garcia some Forces to make an incursion into the Moorish Territories which he performed successfully He entred into League with the Kings of France and Navarre to the latter he gave his Sister Vrraca in Marriage and married himself Ximena Daughter either of France or of D. Ynigo Ximenez Arista of Navarre His Sons were Garcia Fruela Ordonno Ramiro and Gonzalo who was Archdeacon of Oviedo He Reigned 48 Years died at Zamora 914 and was Buried at Astorga where his Tomb is still to be seen tho' the Body was translated to the Chappel of King Alonso the Chast in Oviedo where also lies his Wife Ximena 10. D. Garcia having wrested the Scepter out of his Father's hand Garcia has for his part Galicia and the North of Portugal enjoyed it but three Years Tho' he got the Crown by unlawful means he Governed well overcame Ayola Lord of Talavera and is said to have obtained other Victories he died at Zamora was Buried at Recasto of Oviedo and had been Married to the Lady Nunna His Brother Ordonno Succeeds him Daughter to the Count D. Nunno Fernandez de Amaya but left no-Issue His Brother Ordonno in his time Governed so much to the satisfaction of the People that after his Death he was unanimously allowed his Heir He had not only preserved the Conquests on this side Tagus but passing that River took the City Beja putting all the Inhabitants to the Sword which so terrified the Neighbouring People that they abandoned the Towns before he came near them Having received his Brother's Kingdom after some other exploits he returned into Lusitania and wasted all the Country along the River Guadiana Among other places he took the Castle called Alhaje where all the Treasure of the Moorish Kings lay as in a place inpregnable whereby he so humbled all the Infidels throughout Estremadura and as far as Algarve that they submitted themselves as tributaries to him after which he returned to Leon. No sooner was he gone but they encouraged by Abderramen King of Cordova revolted but King Ordonno speedily returning and ravaging the Country they as soon submitted themselves begging Pardon The chief of these were the People of Merida Badajoz and the Territories adjacent then so fruitful and plentiful of all things that thence came the name of Badajoz He twice overthrows the Moors being a corruption of Beled Aiz two Arabick words signifying The Land of Life King Ordonno hearing that Abderramen was marching towards him advanced to meet him and in a Battle near Talavera slew 25000 of his Men. This done he returned to Leon and applied the spoiles of the War to Building the great Church there Mean while Abderramen having drawn vast supplies out of Africk laid Siege to Santistevan de Gormaz but the King surprising him in the Night forced him with great Slaughter to fly back to Cordova Still the Moore recruits his broken Army and having wasted all the Country sits-down before the City Porto which was bravely defended by Count Hermenegildus Our King came to his relief and made a great Slaughter among the Besiegers 920. yet so that he was not assured of the Victory till the next day he found the Enemy had quitted the Field leaving their Tents Baggage and warlike Engines behind them Having obtained this Victory the King returned to Leon. 11. Early the next Year 921. Ambassadors came to Ordonno from the King of Navarre Ordonno vanquished by the Infidels recovers and spoiles their Country to crave aid against a great power of the Infidels He thought not enough to send but went himself in Person and Fortune here forsaking him was overthrown near Valdejunquera many Captives were taken by the Infidels among whom were the Bishops of Salamanca and Tuy and the Kings themselves escaped narrowly Our King grieved at this loss the following Year broke into the Moorish Territories driving all before him even to the Walls of the City Cordova which it was feared he would Besiege Having struck an universal Terror into his Enemies he returned to Zamora He had a Daughter called Ximena who falling in Love with a Courtier ran away with him carrying all her Jewels along with her and he left her on a Mountain having fulfilled his desires She travelled on and took up with a Farmer as his Servant from which he raised her to be his Wife The King long after Hunting that way lost himself and fell into this Cottage where he was entertained his Daughter making a sort of Puff-past she knew he loved and putting a Ring well known to him into it the Ring caused him to suspect somewhat and examining the matter he found that was his Daughter whom he forgave and preferred her Husband whose Name was Tello and the place of his aboad called Meneses Hence some will have the Family of Meneses to proceed others Write that this passage hapned to the Lady Teresa Sanchez bastard Daughter to King Sancho the First and Wife to D. Alonso Tellez de Meneses whom they esteem the Progenitor of this Family King Ordonno had three Wives the first Elvira whose Parentage is unknown by her he had D. Sancho D. Alonso D. Ramiro D. Garcia and D. Ximena The second was Aragonta of Galicia whom he is said to have put away suspecting she knew of the
flight of his Daughter Ximena The third was Sancha Daughter to the King of Navarre by these two he had no Children 923. The last Action of his life darkn'd all the Glory of his former Triumphs He sent for four Counts who governed Castile upon safe Conduct to Carrion and there cut off their Heads Which so incensed the People of Castile that they only wanted an Opportunity to rebell and take Revenge But Death prevented their Designs 924. taking him away at Zamora His Body was buried in the great Church of Leon which City he had so entirely loved that he took its Name for the Title of his Kingdom leaving that of King of Oviedo and Galicia CHAP. VIII The Succession of the Kings of Castile and Leon from the Year 924 till 985 With the Revolt of Count Fernan Gonzalez And the Desolation made in Portugal by Alcoraxis and Almanzor the Moors 1. D. Fruela II. was Successor to his Brother Ordonno Fruela II. usurps the Crown usurping the Crown from his Children who were then very young He was nothing like to his Brother in Valour for he ceased the Prosecution of the War against the Infidels but was not unlike to him in the last Action of his Life for as Ordonno unjustly put to death the fore-mentioned Counts so Fruela wrongfully executed certain Gentlemen called Olmudes He became so odious to the Castilians that the Nobility Castile separates from Leon. and creates a Government under Judges joining together rebelled and separated themselves from the Crown of Leon. To this purpose they chose two Judges to rule them The two first were Nunno Rasura and Lain Calvo They were of the Middle Sort of People neither of the Greatest nor Meanest that so they might neither be too powerful nor become contemptible Yet from them are the Kings of Spain descended At the same time that this Government was instituted in Castile we find Counts governing in some Parts of Portugal as D. Gutierre Arias at Porto and Hufo Hufez at Viseo A Leprosie consumed King Fruela so fast 925. that he died at Leon having reigned scarce a Year and was buried in the Cathedral He had two Wives D. Munia and D. Vrraca By them he had Issue Ordonno Alonso and Ramiro King Ramiro II. put out all their Eyes and thrust them into the Monastery of St. Julian either upon Suspicion or Proof that they conspired against him He had also a fourth Son called Fruela 2. Alonso IV Alonso IV. resigns the Government to his Brother Ramiro Eldest Son of King Ordonno II after the Death of Fruela recovered his Right and Kingdom He was not wicked as his Predecessor but as unprofitable to his Kingdom as he His best Quality was That he was sensible of his own Insufficiency and therefore first sent his Brother Ramiro to govern Portugal and afterwards resigned the Kingdom to him and became himself a Monk Ramiro had chosen the City Viseo for his Residence in Portugal whence he made Inroads into the Frontiers of the Moors and by his gentle Government gained the Affections of the People Here he received Letters from the King his Brother calling him to Court in order to resign the Crown to him for that his Son Prince Ordonno was but an Infant D. Ramiro fearing his Brother's Inconstancy hasted to Zamora that he might not have Time to repent The King immediately put the Crown upon his Head and was the first that did him Homage as his Subject Which done he took the Habit of a Benedictine Monk in the Monastery of Sahagun and is therefore called Alonso the Monk He was married to Ximena the Daughter of King Sancho Abarca of Navarre and had by her Ordonno who came to be King and D. Alonso who died young He died in the Monastery of St. Julian and lies there buried But we shall see him repent and disturb his Brother's Reign 3. King Alonso being become a Monk 928. and repenting Alonso repents and raises a Civil War his Brother Ramiro now possessed of the Crown resolved not to part with it and thus began a Civil War which was the Cause of much Mischief The Moors making their Advantage thereof recovered the Cities of Lamâ—go Braganza and Porto with all the Country lying between the Rivers Tagus and Duero The Castilians also made use of this Opportunity their Judges Nunno and Lain being dead to raise up in their stead the Count Ferran Gonzalez King Ramiro politickly winking at this Affront 932. which he could not revenge upon the Authors invaded the Kingdom of Toledo destroying all before him with Fire and Sword King Alonso the Monk held out two Years in Leon against his Brother Ramiro But then despairing of Success he stirred up Alonso Ordonno and Ramiro the Sons of his Predecessor Fruela to raise a Rebellion in Asturias and Biscay believing that would draw away the King his Brother from attending upon him Nevertheless the King continued the Siege obliged him to surrender and afterwards put him into Prison This done he found Means to apprehend the three Brothers and to prevent future Designs put out theirs and his Brother the Monk's Eyes Two Years Alonso lived blind But the King repenting of this Cruelty used towards his Brother to testifie his Repentance built the Monastery of St. Julian 4. Two Months are said to have passed in the Year 934 934. in which Time the Light of the Sun was scarce seen Prodigies in the Sky at the End whereof a Breach or Yawning appeared in the Sky along which great Flames of Fire were seen to run and the Stars seemed to wander in the Region of the Air. Many Judgments were made upon these Prodigies but most agreed they portended the End of the World to be at hand At last the Sun shined out and whilst the Christians appeased God with Prayers the Moors consulted their Wizards Alfarani of Meca affirmed to King Abderramen that this Prodigy threaten'd the Downfall of Christian Princes if he would take in hand to pull them down Diviners fore-tell what they know is pleasing to Princes and Princes believe that which pleases them Abderramen declares War and makes mighty Preparations for it drawing great Succours out of Africk under the Command of Almanzor With an Army almost innumerable he broke into Portugal bearing down all before him and putting the Christians to most cruel Deaths King Ramiro having gathered the greatest Power he could set forward to meet the Enemy whose Multitude obliged him to retire to the Mountains of Clavijo Ramiro destroys a great Army of Infidels Here the Apostle St. James is said to have appeared to him promising he should obtain a wonderful Victory in that Place In the Fight the Apostle was seen on Horseback making great Slaughter among the 〈◊〉 This Victory some will have to be the Cause of his being taken for Patron of Spain though others say it was that in the Time of King Alonso I. as was
untouched Montemayor the Old Viseo Lamego Porto and Braga were rased down to the Ground The Barbarian entring Galicia Almanzor again makes great spoil made a Font in the Church of St. James the Apostle serve for a Manger and sent away the Gates and the Bells of the Church upon the shoulders of Christians to Cordova but presuming to prophane the Sepulcher of the Apostle he was drove back by flames which issued out of it Almanzor returning through Protugal heavy with Plunder was overtaken with vengeance from Heaven for profaning the Church of the Apostle A mortal Flux destroying great part of his Army the rest marched leasurely in several Bodies King Bermudo sent some light Troops who made such havock among them that not the 20th part of that great Army returned to Cordova all the Country the way they went being covered with dead Carcasses Count Fruela Vermuiz who as has been said overcame Count Gonzalo that Poisoned King Sancho fell upon Almanzor himself who led the choice of the Army and put him to flight with great Slaughter of his People King Bermudo at length awaking out of his dead Sleep joyned his Forces with the King of Navarre and Count Garci Fernandez They expected the coming of the Enemy near Aleantaroz 999. four Leagues from Osma here they fought from Morning till Night and then at length victory inclined to the Christians who slew of their Enemies 70000 Foot and 40000 Horse Almanzor flying towards Toledo died of Grief near Berlanga soon after his Son Abdel Melich to revenge him invaded the Christian Territories but being met by Count Garci Fernandez was defeated and fled back to Cordova King Bermudo had two Wives the first called Velasquita by whom he had no issue the second Elvira her Children were Alonso Successor to his Father Teresa married to Abdala King of Toledo and afterwards a Nun and Sancha a Nun also The King gave great Scandal by keeping two Sisters at the same time publickly as his Mistreses one of them was Mother to Elvira the other to Ordonno By Velasquita a Peasant the King had a Daughter called Christina he died in the Year 999. at Villabuena in Galicia very penitent for his sins There he lay Buried till his Son King Alonso translated him to Leon where he lies with his Wife in the Church of St. Isidorus 3. Let us look a little back to see the coming of the first Strangers The Gascons come into Portugal and assist the Christians that assisted the Natives of Portugal in expelling the Moores These were the Gascons who came in a mighty Fleet and were Commanded by D. Moninno Viegas There is a great dispute among Authors whether this D. Moninno was a Gascon or a Portuguese and whether he came with those People or only headed them after their coming he being by some supposed to be then a great Man in Portugal All that is said on either part being rather Suppositions than Proofs we will pass by this Dispute leaving it free to every one to believe as he shall be inclined This Fleet cast Anchor in the River Duero on the one side whereof was the Castle of Gaya Demolished by King Ramiro II. when he killed Alboazar and on the other the City Porto destroyed long before by the Moores Here they landed and their first care was to repair the City then only a heap of Rubbish in the highest part of it they built a Castle supposed to be the same that is now the Bishop's Pallace The compass of the Walls was but small and they weak for our times but then considerable some part of them is still to be seen in the midst of the City which being increased has hemmed them in Two of these Ancient Gates are still standing the one called St. Ann's Gate the other our Blessed Ladies over which is an Image of the Blessed Virgin with our Saviour in her Arms which Image between two Towers is the Arms of that City Having Repaired and Fortified this place the Natives and Strangers began joyntly to conquer the Neighbouring Country Men remarkable among them were Sisenandns Brother to D. Moninno and D. Nonego of Vendosme The first that felt their fury were the Moors who possessed the Territories of Resende and Bienviver and all up the River Duero this done thinking their Conquest secure they chose Sisenandus Bishop of the City and yet he ceased not to appear in Arms till he died at Bienviver and was Buried in the Monastery of Villaboa D. Nonego of Vendosme also a Bishop carried on his Conquests on the other side and four Leagues from Porto in the Mountain built a Castle which he called Vendosme and so streightned the Moores that they were forced to abandon all that Neighbourhood The Castle is ruined by time but the name of Vendosme still continues in the Mountain In this exercise he continued till his Death and was Buried in the Monastery of Aviaos The conquered Lands were equally divided as well among the Auxiliary strangers as among the native Portuguese 4. King Alonso V. succeeded his Father Bermudo 999. he is the first of the Alonsos that appears without some Sirname King Alonso V. for the First was called the Catholick the Second the Chast the Third the Great the Fourth the Monk Not that this deserved less Titles for he might have been called the Brave for his Valour the Legislator for giving good Laws to his People the Restorer for repairing Leon and in fine the Desired as being one who left the greatest desire of himself and was most lamented by his People He was Six Years of Age when he began his Reign Under Tuition under the Tuition of Count Mendo Gonzalez and his Wife the Lady Mayor who had great possessions in Galicia and some in Portugal and Governed so well that the King's minority was no prejudice to his Kingdom The Christians in Portugal began to be so powerful that under the conduct of some notable Commanders they repaired many places before ruined and conquered others possessed by the Moores 1000. D. Alboazar Ramirez Son to King Ramiro II. by Zara or Artida Many places recovered from the Moors whom he stole from the Lord of Gaya as was said before wiâ—h many Gentlemen and Forces maintained at his own Charge entred Portugal and drove the Moores out of all the Province betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho He took St. Roman Gastro de Avioso and Castro de Gondomar Beyond the River Duero he forced them to retire as far as St. Martin de Moras and Lamego making room for the Christians to dilate themselves The lands of Arouca and that Neighbourhood were again Peopled the Year following he overthrew the Moores in many places 1001 took the City Braganza and other considerable Towns in those Mountains and so extended the Christian Dominions that he deserves to be accounted one of the principal Restorers of Portugal His two Sons D. Trastamiro and D. Hermigio or
Hermiron Alboazar accompanied him in these Conquests of whom are descended some Honourable Families in Spain 5. The tranquility the King's Tutors endeavoured to preserve in the Kingdom Count Froila a Portugues Rebels during his Minority was disturbed by the Portuguese Count Froila Vermuiz who took up Arms against the King They came to a Battle in the Territory of Mafra betwixt Villanueva and Betancos where Froila got the Victory The King now grown bigger was much incensed against Count Froila and his anger was increased by the insinuations of Q. Elvira his Wife and Daughter to Count Mendo Gonzalez Froila being in disgrace had again recourse to Arms which not a little troubled the King and the more for that at the same time he received the News that another had rebelled in the City Oviedo Thither the King hasted leaving Froila till he was more at leasure But he marched directly after the King and overtook him at such time as he was ready to Assault the City The King was advised to forbear the Assault least in the heat of it Froila should fall upon him behind His Submission but he Answered Let the Assault be carried on for the Count is so much a Gentleman that he will not fall upon the backs of his Enemies As he said it fell out for Froila overcome by that Generosity joyned his Forces to the King 's and so forwarded the attack that the City was immediately carried In this Action the Count behaved himself so bravely that he lost both his Eyes at which the King was exceedingly grieved and bestowed large possessions on him in some measure to recompense his loss About this time Count Garcia Fernandez of Castile was killed in a Battle betwixt Alcozar and Langra having behaved himself with great Bravery he being one of the most notable Commanders of that Age. His Son Sancho succeeded him as well in his Courage as Dominions and often revenged his Death upon the Moores There being several pretenders to the Kingdom of Cordova he seemingly sided with each of them to have the better opportunity to ruin them all The fugitive Count Vela who used to stir up the Moores against the Christians was now dead and his Sons Roderick James and Innigo were restored to their Estates and served the Count as their natural Lord. He the more to Honour them made the Eldest God-father to his own Eldest Son D. Garcia and yet he afterwards behaved himself like a Traitor as his Father had done before 6. The Divisions among the Moores at Cordova were very advantagious to the Christians of Leon Castile and Portugal Those that had escaped the desolation made by Almanzor about Coimbra dealt with the Infidels and bought Lands of them at a very low rate it appears by the original Deeds still extant that Oborez a Moore sold the Town of Botam to Arias Prior of the Convent of Botam for a Mare and her Fole 1012. either the Mare was worth much or the Town very little Till the Year 1020 1020. we have no account of any thing remarkable in Portugal Out of it the King repaired the City Leon and gave it a Charter and great Priviledges to all that would come and inhabit there 1026. Six years after was Born the renowned Captain Roderick de Bivar Roderick de Bivar commonly called Cid his Birth commonly called Cid which in Arabick signifies Lord of whom mention will be made hereafter The Christian affairs throughout Spain were in a flourishing condition the King entred Portugal recovering many Towns in the Province of Beira till he came and incamped before Viseo 1027. The City was obstinately defended and the King going out in the Evening unarmed to view the Enemies Works was shot through the Body with an Arrow from the Walls King Alonso slain Some write that he died there presently others that he was carried to Porto His death we shall hereafter see revenged as far as it could be His body was laid in a stately Tomb at Leon he lived Thirty Two Years and Reigned Twenty Eight being bred in Galicia by Count Mendo Gonzalez Lord of Vierzo he married his Daughter By her he had Bermudo his Successor and Sancha who afterwards came to be Queen he had also a Bastard Son called Nunno Alvarez de Amaya or Roderick Anzures Lieutenant of Asturias and Lord of Gijon 7. Bermudo III. Bermudo III. Succeeds of the Name succeeded his Father Alonso V. but so young it was much feared his tender Years might produce some notable Disorders in the Government His extraordinary Abilities far above his Years soon dried up the Tears his subjects shed for his Father and made them rejoice in so unexpected a Blessing He was extreamly Religious and Devout and therefore applied himself to the re-establishing of many ruined Churches Being of Age to Marry he took to Wife the Lady Ximena or Teresa younger Daughter to Count Sancho Lord of Castile by whom he had D. Alonso who lived but a few days He concluded a match between his Sister the Lady Sancha and D. Garcia An inhuman Murther the Son of Count Sancho of Castile King Sancho of Navarre who was Brother-in-law to D. Garcia bore him Company to Leon to honour his Marriage The next day after their Arrival the Bridegroom went out with the Bishop to hear Mass in the way he was assaulted by the Sons of the traitor D. Vela before spoke of and by them stabbed in several places his own God-father being the first that wounded him This News being carried to Court the Bride forgetting her Grandeur ran out to the place and pittifully lamenting her loss it was thought she would have given up the Ghost upon the dead Body She railed at the Murderers which Count Fernan Flavino hearing had the impudence to strike her on the Face The Murderers for the present escaped but Sancho King of Navarre afterwards getting them into his power burnt them alive declaring all their progeny for ever infamous 8. D. Garcia thus murder'd and no Heir Male remaining to the Earldom of Castile Sancho King of Navarre possessed himself thereof in the Right of his Wife the Lady Elvira Wars betwixt the Christian Kings of Spain Sister to the late Count. Grown Great with this Accession of Power he made War upon King Bermudo about the Limits of Castile and Leon and conquered much of the Country betwixt the Rivers Pisuerga and Cea More had been won by him but that Sancha 1034. only Sister to King Bermudo was given in Marriage to Ferdinand Second Son to King Sancho This Lady swore she would never consent to the Match unless Count Fernan Flaminio who struck her on the Face as she lay upon the Body of the dead Count Garcia was delivered up to her This was accordingly done and she with her own Hands put him to a cruel Death 1035. but well deserved by him The King of Navarre dying Ferdinand of
Navarre kills King Bermudo and becomes sole Monarch of Castile Leon Portugal Galicia and Navarre and his Son Ferdinand succeeding him King Bermudo was in hopes to recover what Ferdinand's Father had taken from him They came to a Battel in the Valley of Tamara near Fromista where after a bloody Fight King Bermudo was killed and his Army overthrown Ferdinand now victorious immediately laid Siege to Leon and having made himself Master thereof he was there Crowned King of Leon Galicia and Portugal in the Right of his Wife Sancha the lawful Heiress of those Kingdoms Thus for want of Issue Male to the Kings of Leon and Earls of Castile those two Dominions fell to the House of Navarre 1037. by the Female Line 9. What I am about to relate happen'd in the Reign of King Bermudo but in what Year is not certain Two Grandsons of Prince Alboazar Ramirez Son to King Ramiro III called Tedon and Rosendo with a Body of resolute Men broke into that part of the Country that lies betwixt the Rivers Tavora and Duero Having drove the Moors thence A Stratagem of the Christians against the Moors they began to Till the Land and knowing well that the Infidels would not suffer them quietly to rest there they fortified themselves on a Rock over the River Tavora which running round great part of it makes it a sort of Peninsula which with the Steepness of the Rock it self renders it inaccessible any Way but one Here they built their Habitation and hence infested the Country of the Moors At length on Midsummer-Day which is much reverenced even by those Infidels in Honour of St. John the Baptist the Moors of the Town of Paredes resorted in great Numbers to sport and divert themselves on the Banks of the River and to bathe themselves in it D. Rosendo cloathing his Men in Moorish Apparel passed the River out of sight and lay close in Ambush till he saw all the Banks covered with the Barbarians Then by degrees coming out as if he had been some of their own Company he suffered his Men to mix with the Enemy who took them for Friends Being all mixed the Christians fell upon them and turned their Pleasure into Sorrow However many stood and made a good Defence and others coming to their Aid the Success was doubtful till D. Tedon fording the River with his Men ended the Dispute with the Slaughter of most of the Moors This and other Victories put the two Brothers in Possession of many Lands in that Country And in Memory of the Action they took to themselves the Name of the River which still continues in the Family of the Tavora's 10. The Fame of the Exploits of D. Tedon particularly that upon the River together with that of the Comliness of his Person reaching the Ears of Ardinga the beautiful Daughter of Aliboazen King of Lamego she fell in Love with him by Hear-say The Effects of Love Love perswaded her to quit her Father's Palace and disguised in the Habit of a Man through bye Ways she found out the Abbot Gelasius a solitary Hermit She told him who she was and the Cause of her Coming and he baptized her promising to perswade D. Tedon to take her to Wife This took not effect for her Father closely pursuing her overtook and put her to death Tedon hearing of her Love had promised to marry her and she being dead would take no other Wife but was afterwards killed by the Moors near a small Brook which of him was called Tedo So he took his Surname from one River and gave his Name to another There being nothing else remarkable recorded in Portugal during the Reign of King Bermudo and he being the last King thereof of that Name I must not omit to remark that Bermudo is the same Name with Veremundus which the Spaniards call Veremundo so that to make it Bermudo there is corruptly an e and an n omitted and to use B for V is common in Spanish Thus Bermudo and Veremundus appear to be the same Name CHAP. X. The remaining Kings from the Year 1037 till the Year 1108 and till the Establishment of Count Henry of Burgundy in the Sovereignty of Portugal where begins the Line of the Portuguese Kings and ends the Second Book 1. FErdinand Prince of Navarre inherited the Crown of Leon King Ferdinand called The Great in the Right of his Wife the Lady Sancha Daughter to King Alonso V and Sister to King Bermudo III who died without Issue The Earldom of Castile fell to him by his Mother the Lady Nunna and the Crown of Navarre he inherited from his Father Three Crowns were united in him and he was well worthy thereof purchasing by his Piety Valour and Bounty the Title of The Great The Moors believing King Ferdinand was wholly employed in reconciling his new Subjects in Castile Leon Galicia and Portugal broke into Lustainia but hearing he was provided to receive them they retired hastily He once provoked would not put up his Sword without doing Execution His Conquests over the Infidels He took the Town of Sea and the Cities Merida Badajoz Beja and Evora without any Resistance Viseo guilty of the Death of King Alonso and fearing a Revenge was strongly fortified and governed by Cid Alafun a notable Commander The King sate down before it resolving not to stir thence till he were Master of it Eighteen Days the City was battered and bravely defended at the End whereof being the Eve of the Feast of St. Peter and St. Paul it was enter'd by Force and never after returned under the Yoak of the Infidels The Man that shot King Alonso being taken in the City had his Eyes put out and both his Hands and one Foot cut off which done he was shot to Death The Governor Alafun had in Consideration of his Valour Lands given him to live upon paying a certain Tribute His Name is still preserved in those Parts in the Mountain called Alafun the Council of Alafâ—â—â— and other Places 2. The City Lamego held out no less obstinately during Twenty Five Days at the end whereof it was surrendred upon Articles the 22th Day of July It was not then used to expel the Moors but to bring them to pay a moderate tribute After these Conquests the King crossed the Province between the Rivers Duero and Minho into Galicia to visit the Sepulcher of the Apostle St. James 1039. and make his Offerings there The following Year he conquered many places in the Province of Tras os Montes and pierced down even to the River Tagus King Ferdinand made glorious Conquests the ensuing Years but they being out of Portugal do not appertain to us Coimbra taken by the Advice and Assistance of the Monks of Lorvan Two Monks of the Monastery of Lorvan advertised the King that the City Coimbra was ill provided and worse fortified and therefore it would be easie to gain it King Ferdinand marched in December 1063
any Age. The greatest Fury was King Sancho overthrows his Brother Garcia and takes him Prisoner when the Portuguese strove to gain the Standard of the Castilians King Sancho came thither in Person to defend it and being unhorsed by D. Egas Gomez de Sousa was taken Prisoner by D. Roderick Frojaz who delivered him up to King Garcia No sooner had he delivered his Prisoner but he fell down dead of the Wounds he had before received King Garcia put his Brother into the Custody of certain Gentlemen whilst he pursued the flying Enemy But King Sancho making his Escape from them made his Way to join Roderick Diaz de Bivar called Cid who was then coming up with fresh Troops that had not been engaged These charging the Portuguese before tired and now dispersed in the Pursuit changed the Fortune of the Day However the Fight thus renewed lasted till Night D. Peter and D. Vermui Brothers to D. Roderick Frojas were killed and King Garcia was taken by his Brother who not long before had been his Prisoner and who now knew better how to secure him than he had been kept himself Thus the Castilians recovered the Day and the Portuguese before victorious were put to the Rout. King Garcia continued in Prison 10 Years when he was released by Death There are Authors who write that King Sancho enlarged his Brother Garcia contenting himself that he should be Tributary to him and that D. Alonso Brother to both returned him to Prison in the Castle of Luna where he died with Irons on his Legs With those very Fetters at his own Request he was buried in the Church of St. Isidorus at Leon. 7. King Sancho having obtained the Victory over his Brother Garcia all the Kingdom of Portugal and Galicia submitted to him This Kingdom being subdued he turned his victorious Arms against King Alonso of Leon Sancho after subduing Portugal â—onquers Leon and becomes sole Monarch who well deserved it for consenting to the Destruction of his Brother The War continued bloody for some time with various Success till at length King Alonso overthrown was taken Prisoner To deliver himself from that Misery he retired to Sahagun pretending to become a Religious Man Soon after finding a fit Opportunity 1072. by the Advice of Count Peter Anzures King Alonso of Leon flies to the Protection of the Moors he fled to Toledo where the Moorish King Alimaimon entertained him with Royal Magnificence Nothing now remained to disturb King Sancho's ambitious Thoughts but his Sister Vrraca's possessing Zamora He laid Siege to that City and had now reduced it to Extremity but here in this last Act God permitted the Curses of his Father to reach him for in the Height of his Confidence a Traytor called Vellido Dolphes coming out of the City upon pretence of revealing some Secret to him took his Opportunity to strike him through the Body with a Spear whereof he fell down dead King Sancho reigned six Years and was murder'd in 1073. 1073. He was called The Brave and was married to the Lady Blanch Daughter to his Uncle Garcia Sanchez King of Navarre or according to others to Alberta of France His Body lies in the Church of our Blessed Saviour at Onna 8. King Alonso being generously protected by the Moor Alimaimon King of Toledo lived in hopes of better Fortune when Advice was brought him from Zamora by Order of his Sister Vrraca of the Death of his Brother Alonso after his Brother's Death returne and is received by the People aâ— their King King Sancho He immediately came to take Possession of his Kingdoms and was received with general Applause Only Roderick Diaz de Bivar called Cid would not take the Oath of Allegiance to him till he swore he had no Hand in the Death of King Sancho It is strange amidst the universal Satisfaction the King should have need of one Man But he resented this Affront so heinously that he afterwards banished him in which Exile Roderick gained much Honour King Alonso the 6th of that Name being settled in quiet Possession of his Kingdoms approved himself worthy of greater Dominions being one of the most victorious Princes of Spain and that farthest extended his Conquests He seemed rather to have fled to Toledo as a Spy than for Protection for he took that City from the Infidels and valued himself so much upon it that from thenceforwards he stiled himself Emperor 1085. and was the Honour of the Spanish Monarchy 9. King Alonso had six Wives Alonso's Wâ—ves and Issue The First was Agnes her Parentage unknown and she left no Issue The Second was Constance Daughter to Duke Robert II. of Burgundy She had a Daughter called Vrraca afterwards married to Count Raymund of Burgundy and her Portion was the Kinâ—â—â—om of Galicia Her Husband came to Spain with her Mother and they had Issue Sancha and Alonso the Emperor King Alonso's Third Wife was Berta Daughter to Philip I King of France By her he had the Ladies Sancha and Elvira the First married to Count Roderick Gonzalez Giron the Latter to Roger I King of Naples and Sicily The Fourth Wife was Elizabeth Daughter to the Emperor The Fifth Beatrix a French Lady Neither of them had any Children The Sixth was Zaida her Christian-Name Elizabeth Daughter of Almucamuz Aben Hamet King of Sevil She bore him a Son called Sancho killed at Twelve Years of Age in the Battel of Velez in the Year 1100. The King in his Youth had to do with the Lady Ximena Nunez de Gusman Daughter to King Garcia VI of Navarre By her he had three Daughters The First Elvira married to Count Raymund of Toulouse her Portion was a great Summ of Money with which he returned to France The Second Daughter was Teresa Wife to Count Henry the Progenitor of the Kings of Portugal Grandson to Robert I. Duke of Burgundy being the Fourth Son to Henry Eldest Son to the Duke Of the Third Daughter we have no Account unless it was one that was married to Ferdinand Mendez the Elder Son to Mâ—m Alao Lord of Braganza Some Authors would make the Lady Ximena to be lawful Wife to King Alonso but there are undeniable Proofs to the contrary in old Records specifying the Time when each Wife was married to the King wherein none is left for this Lady who doubtless was no other than a Mistress 10. Count Henry Count Henry marries the Bastard Daughter of King Alonso after he had married the Bastard-Daughter of King Alonso served the King in his Wars and was some Times sent Governor into Portugal as were several others from the Year 1072 till 1098. For tho' the Count was married in the Year 1072 the Kingdom of Portugal was not absolutely assigned over to him till after the Birth of his Son Alonso which was in the Year 1094 And we find that from the Year 1099 the Count continued settled in Portugal as absolute Lord and Proprietor thereof whereas
great one nor is it any excuse to say there were five Kings subject to one that was supream over them for the principal could not be omitted in the Number and if he was not than the others must be but four Another reason makes me incline not to credit this Story which is that we see the King 's of Castile Aragon and Navarre have often joyned their Forces to oppose a much less power than is here spoke of and it is not credible that such a Multitude could be now amassed on a sudden without their knowledge or much less that they knowing of it should make no provision to oppose that Torrent Nor was there ever such a number of Moors in one body heard of from their first invading Spain till their last expulsion In fine I cannot be reconciled to this monstrous Story and could show many other reasons against it but look upon it as needless this being only a project to gain credit to the Miracles pretended for the founding of that Kingdom which serve only to cover its revolt at that time from the Crown of Castile and Leon. I will insist no more upon it but return to the course of the History 7. Ismael provoked with this loss and desiring revenge battered the City Leyria which he took putting all the Defendants to the Sword except D. Pelayo Guterrez the Governor whom he kept Prisoner He fortified this place to strongly that King Alonso found much difficulty to recover it but at length drove the Moors out of all that Territory King Alonso VII of Castile seeing that erected into a Monarchy which but a little before was only the Portion of his predecessors Bastard Daughter thought it convenient in time to pull down that rising greatness before it was too powerfully cemented together Thus breaking into Portugal by the way of Galicia he came to the plains of Valdâ—vez where the Castilians had been before overthrown 1140. and where our King now again gave him Battle Alonso 〈…〉 the King of Castile The King of Castile was defeated and several Persons of Note taken Prisoners A French Fleet consisting of 70 Sail arrived in the Harbour of the City Porto The King invited them to assist him in the taking of the City of Lisbon 1141. which having some years before been made tributary A 〈◊〉 of French at Porto was again revolted This united power of Christians attempted to scale it but without any success being forced to desist for that time 1142. The Moors obtained a Victory at Soure over the Knights Templers and among the Prisoners carried away to Santarem Martin Vicar of Soure esteemed a Holy Man whose Father Aires Manuel when his Wife died led an Eremitical Life 8. Ansciri a valiant Moor Governour of the Town of Santarem 1144. with his often Excursions had highly provoked King Alonso who long meditated how to surprize that place At length being at Coimbra he took only four men of Quality with him into a Field where having consulted with them of the method of putting their design in Execution The taking of Santarem he charged them upon pain of death not to reveal to any Man what they had discoursed about As they returned home along the Banks of the River Mondego an Old Woman said to others that were with her so loud that the King and his company heard it Do you know what the King and Noblemen have been about They are consulting how to take Santarem the King hearing this said to those Gentlemen if any one of you had gone a step from me before I heard that Old Woman I would have cut of his head So hard a matter is it for a Secret to be concealed The King being resolved to gain that strong Town 1145. made a vow if he succeeded to build a stately Monastery at Alcobaza and endow it with all the Land he could see at the time of making the Vow At the minute he made this Vow St. Bernard who was then at Câ—aravallis in France by Revelation from God sent two Monks to begin that Monastery Five days the King spent marching from Coimbra to Santarem and made himself Master of it in an hour some of his Men had Scaled the Walls before they were discovered and then in the confusion had time to break open a Gate at which the King entred The Booty was very considerable and the Town remained in the power of the Christians several lesser places followed the fortune of Santarem but the King now bent his thoughts upon greater Conquests 9. Our King being at the Rock of Sintra with an ardent design to possess himself of the City of Lisbon discovered a mighty Fleet at Sea A Fleet of English French and Flemings in the River of Lisbon which made towards the mouth of the River Tagus This Fleet appearing he understood was composed of English French and Flemings under the Command of William Long Espe â—nd other inferior Captains Some Authors report that Henry King of Denmark a Duke of Burgundy and Theodoricus Earl of Flanders were also in it After struging with a Storm they were coming to Water and recruit themselves at the foot of that Mountain the number of Vessels was 180 sail containing 14000 men designed for the Holy War the King made proposals to them for conquering the City of Lisbon they accepted and the Siege was formed The strangers encamped on that side Alonso joins his strength to theirs and takes Lisbon where now the Church of St. Francis stands and the King where is at present the Church of St. Vincent For five Months the City was valiantly attacked and no less resolutely defended On St. Vrsula's Day being the 21st of October a most furious and bloody Assault was given to the City on all sides with such mighty Resolution that above 200000 Infidels are said to have fallen that day But it is impossible the place then could contain near that number of all Sexes and Ages and yet my Author seems to speak only of Men. On the 25th following being the Feast of St. Crispin and Crispinian the King entred the City in Triumph over the dead Bodies of his Enemies 10. The particulars of this famous Action would doubtless have been delightful Some particulars of the Siege as they were great but time and the want of Writers have Buried them in Oblivion It will not therefore be just to omit one glorious exploit whereof the memory still remains Martin Moniz entring a Gate found such opposition from the Moors that they were forcing him back and shutting to the Gate to prevent which being himself not able to oppose their Force he let himself fall a cross the entrance and so lying in the way the Gate could not speedily be put too and his Men coming on beat off the Infidels making their way over his dead Body nor must the Strangers be robbed of their part of the Glory Many of them ended their days in
chief whereof was D. Payo Perez Correa Master of the Military Order of Santiago CHAP. VIII The Life and Reign of Denis the first of that Name and sixth King of Portugal his Actions and Death from the Year 1261. till 1325. 1. KIng Denis King Denis his Birth and Succession to the Crown Eldest Son to Alonso III. and Queen Beatrix was born at Lisbon on the 9th of October 1261. and was so called from the Saint whose Day that was From his Infancy he was educated in all those Vertues and Accomplishments that make an Excellent Prince In Truth Justice and Liberality he exceeded most of them that had been before him His Father dying when he was but Eighteen Years of Age though he honoured his Mother in all other Respects he would allow her no share in the Government She resenting this as an Affront went away into Castile pretending her Journey was only to pay a Visit to her Father That King desiring to please her took a Journey to Badajoz and sent to desire King Denis to come as far as Elvas Thither the Princes Peter Sancho Jayne and his Brother Emanuel repaired to him by whom the King of Castile desired they might meet at Badajoz King Denis having entertained them magnificently for the space of three Days sent them back saying He would soon be after them but suddenly returned to Lisbon thinking it a better Expedient not to meet his Grand-father than to deny his Request The Queen thus disappointed went away with her Father to Sevil where she continued being convinced her Son would admit no Partner in the Throne 2. The King being Twenty Years of Age He Marries Elizabeth the Daughter of King Peter of Aragon sent his Embassadors to Peter III. King of Aragon to ask his Daughter Elizabeth then but Eleven Years old in Marriage His Request was easily granted and the Bride conducted to Braganza where she was received by Alonso the King's Brother who conveyed her to Trancoso where the best King of Portugal and one of the best Queens in the World were marryed His next Care was â—o compleat what his Father had begun which was to dear the Kingdom of Robbers and Out-laws and to Protect the meaner sort against the Insolencies of Great Men and particularly the Country People whom he called the Sinews of the Commonwealth For this Reason and because he built many Castles he was called the Husbandman and Father of his Country Having at his Entrance into the Government passed many extravagant Grants when he came to the Age of 22 he recalled them all 1283. He had some Difference with his Brother Alonso who refused to make any Acknowledgment for the Towns left him by his Father Has Differences with his Brother Alonso and had some Pretensions to the Crown pleading that Denis was Born before the Death of the Countess of Bologne and consequently must be Illegitimate whereas he was Born after her Death when the Pope had ratified the Match They both took Arms and Alonso was besieged by his Brother in Portalegre yet at last they agreed The chief Articles were That Alonso should be allowed 30000 Crowns a Year out of the King's Revenue and instead of the Towns he possessed should have Sintra and Ourem for that the others were more dangerous to the King as lying on the Borders of Castile Thus ended those Civil Broils 3. A War broke out with King Sancho the Third of Castile War betwixt Castile and Portugal called the Fierce for that he performed not the Covenants about the Marriages of the Princes for Security whereof he had put into Portuguese Hands the Cities of Badajoz and Truxillo as also the Towns of Moura Serpa Caceres Allariz and Aguiar de Neiva All these Places he again suddenly surprized and made several inroads into Algarve and into Portugal by the way of Leon destroying all the Country before him King Denis being then wholly unprovided for War sent Embassadors to adjust Affairs but to no effect King Denis now moved to Wrath challenged King Sancho and at the same time caused his Forces to do much harm in the Enemy's Country Sancho designed to answer the Challenge but was prevented by Death at which time he ordered all that had been before stipulated should be performed Ferdinand the Fourth his Successor not answering what was expected from him King Denis sent his Embassadors to demand the Restitution of the Towns taken by his Predecessor and in case of Refusal to fix the Challenge upon him Restitution being denied the Challenge was accordingly given and the Embassadors withdrew This done King Denis with a Puissant Army marched from the City Guarda and entred Castile committing all manner of Hostilities Prince Henry who was Governour to the young King Ferdinand put a stop to our King 's further Progress making him advantageous Proposals and referring the Conclusion to Cuidad Rodrigo where the two Kings met with the Queen-Mother of Castile and concluded all Articles the Towns demanded by the Portuguese being put into the Hands of Ferdinand Longominhâ— as a Pledge for performing all other parts But this Compliance on the part of Castile being the Product of Fear and not of any Friendly Intention nothing of what had been promised was performed 4. King Denis draws together his Forces again Denis enters Castile the second time and furiously enters Castile and with him Prince John who stiled himself King of Leon as Son to King Alonso the Tenth and John Nunnez de Lara who was in Rebellion against his Prince Our Army being in the Province of Beira near the Frontiers of Castile there came to the King Margaret Daughter to the Earl of Narbonne Wife to Prince Peter the Son of King Alonso and with her her Son Sancho de Ledesma who offered to serve our King being disgusted with his own Yet tho he was much honoured and received great Bounties from King Denis he soon returned to his own Master and served against him of whom he had received such Favours King Ferdinand understanding that King Denis had invaded his Dominions sent his Fleet from Sevil under the Command of that Sancho we last spoke of to Lisbon where he surprized some Portuguese Vessels Our Admiral having gathered what Force he could pursued and overtook the Fleet of Castile without the Bar. The Fleet of Castile worsted by the Portugueses There was fought a most obstinate Battle till the Castillians were worsted and their Commander D. Sancho brought back Prisoner In the mean while K. Denis without Opposition ranged about the Territories of Cuidad Rodrigo and Ledesma where he took the Castle of Torres putting all the Defendants to the Sword He passed by Simancas where King Ferdinand was and laid Siege to Possaldes where neither Sex nor Age was spared nor was any Reverence paid to the Churches where the Altars were stained with Blood nor did their Sacrilegious Hands abstain from Plundering those Holy Places The Castilians were not
same time the Plague raged in the Castilian Army Overturâ—â— of Peace rejeâ—â—â—d Overtures of Peace were also made by the King to the Protector but he would hearken to none Nunho Alvarez Pereyra having ventured to pass the River in a Boat through the midst of the Fleet of Castile returned thence to Ebora and had the Town of Portel betrayed to him by 3 Citizens Twice he attempted Villaviciosa but was both times repulsed with Loss The Protector lay before Torres Vedras and Nunho Alvarez understanding that several Parties of the Enemy provided to fall upon him he hasted to his Succour which the Castilians understanding they gave over that Design however the Protector was forced to quit the Siege Nunho returning to his Châ—rge took Monzaraz defeated a Castilian Party near Badajâ—z another before Almada and made himself Master of Roca de Palmela and Couna 10. The Scarcity was now so great at Lisbon that they turned out the Poor and unserviceable People to the Enemy who sent them back well lashed No hopes now remained but that the Plague raged so violently among the Castilians The Siege of Lisbon raised when it had lasted five Months that Two hundred died in a Day and of them very many of Quality But the King no way moved hereat continued the Siege till the Infection touched the Queen and then he raised it having lain Five Months before the City Being come to Santarem he sent Troops to re-inforce the Garrisons of such Places as still held for him but passing by Torres Novas he was not admitted into the Town by Gonçalo Vasquez de Azevedo who before kept that Place for him His Wife went out to visit the Queen and there promised to reduce her Husband and not prevailing she returned to the Camp and the King sent to bid him Farewell for that his Wife was going to Castile He fearing to lose his Wife delivered himself and the Town but the King carried him and his Son away Prisoners leaving their Wives behind and a New Governour in the Place Whilst the King marched home the Protector granted large Immunities to the City of Lisbon in recompence of its Fidelity to him Next he contrived how to recover some places out of the Hands of the Castilians He marched by night to surprize Sintra but was disappointed by a violent Storm and Floods that swelled the Rivers above their Bridges Soon after Almada was surrendred to him notwithstanding that the King had carried away the Children of the principal Inhabitants as Hostages Alcnquer summitted to him also after having made some Defence But Torres Novas held out against all his Attemps and to add to his Grief he understood that Nunho Alvarez had been also repulsed at Vilâ—aviâ—iosa that the Master of the Order of Christ the Prior of Crato and Alvaro Gonzalez Camello were taken Prisoners at Torres Novas and that Two Galleys of Castile stealing into the Port of Lisbon by night had â—urnt Three Vessels there CHAP. II. John the Bastard-Son of King Peter of Protector is declared King he continues the War with Castile successfully from the Year 1384. till 1393. 1. ABout the beginning of the New Year was discovered a Conspiracy against the Protector 138â— Peter Earl of Trastamara A Conspiracy against the Protector discoverâ—â—â— was stirred up by the King of Castile to kill him as he lay at the Siege of Torres Vedras The Count communicated this Affair to D. Peter de Castro John Duque Governour of Torres Vedras John Alonso de Baeza Garcia Gonzales de Valdez and several others of whom only 3 Men were apprehended and one of them burnt In Revenge whereof John Duque sent out six Portuguese he had in Torres Vedras with their Hands and Noses cut off The Protector raised the Siege of Tâ—rres Vedras in order to go to Coimbra to meet the Cortes or Parliament he had caused to be thither Assembled and most of the Inhabitants about Torres Vedras went away with him In his way Leyria refused to admit him but he was well received at Monte-mayor and Coimbra In this City 〈◊〉 about proclaiming the Protector King some were for proclaiming the Protector King and others for the Princes John and Denis lawful Sons to King Peter but all agreed the present Protector should continue as long as Prince John should be Prisoner and in case neither he nor his Brother could come to Portugal then the Protector was to be received as King Dr. John de Regâ—as a famous Civilian made two Harangues on behalf of the Protector casting scandalous Reflections upon Queen Eâ—lenor to incapacitate her Daughter Queen Beatrix from succeeding in the Throne the same he did on the Lady Agnes de Castro Wife to king Peter with an intent to exclude her Sons the Princes John and Denis Some little Opposition was made at first by several of the Nobility but at length they all consented the Protector should be proclaimed King the so much celebrated Nunho Alvarez Pereyra having offered to Murder Martin Vasquez chief of the adverse Party only because he stood up for the lawful Heirs 2. The Protector with a counterfeit Modesty seemed to excuse himself from accepting of their Offers but it was only to heighten their Zeal and so on the 6th of April he complyed with them He immediately shewed great Favour towards the Cities of Lisbon and Porto for having so constantly adhered to him Thus it appears how little hopes of Salvation there can be left for Lawyers who by false Interpretations invert Justice as it appears in the case of this John de Reglas before-mentioned who standered the Queens Beatrix and Ellenor and the Princess Agnes de Castro and excluded the Lawful Heirs the Princes John and Denis only for his own private Interest in promoting the Bastard Protector who could have no Title to the Crown I think it were better to breed up Children Thieves than Lawyers for the former will at least Repent at the Gallows but the latter are never permitted by Worldly Interest to Repent All Parties thus agreed The 〈…〉 the Protector was solemnly Proclaimed King of Portugal and accordingly chose all his Officers of State and of the Houshold Marching into the Field he mustered 6000 Men a small number but resolute and unanimous and Nunho Alvarez Pereyra now made Constable of Portugal was ordered to Sea with a Squadron from Porto to engage the Castisian Fleet before Lisbon Missing of that Enemy he sailed back to the Province betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho to recover part of that Country then holding for Castile Here he took Neyva and Ponte de Lima by force Villa Nova de Cerveyra and Monçon opened their Gates to him 3. The new-made King went from Coimbra to Porto where he was received with great Joy 〈…〉 the new King Here he consulted with Alonso Lorenzo de Carvallo a Man then Powerful at Guimaraens about betraying that Place to him which was accordingly performed The Castle held
Power in Cases Criminal This pleased the People but made him odious to the Nobility Soon after he made a Law That his Judges and other Officers of Justice should execute their employments throughout all the Territories of great Men that pretended exemption from them All the Grandees opposed these New Ordinances but the King was not so jealous of any as of Ferdinand Duke of Bragança a Servant of whom presented to the King certain Letters from the King of Castile to the said Duke which much increased the King's suspition 1482. and caused him to decree his Death In the mean while The Plague at Lisbon the Plague beginning to diffuse it self at Lisbon King John removed his Court to Monte-Mayor a more healthy Place An Embassador was sent into England to confirm the established Friendship with that King Another was also dispatch'd to Castile about concluding the Match designed betwixt Prince Alonso of Portugal and the Princess Elizabeth of Castile which was not effected till afterwards Embassadors came thence to Portugal on that Account By his Embassadors that had been in Castile the King had farther information concerning the Duke of Bragança his holding Correspondence with that King The Duke was warned by the King to forbear any farther proceeding in that Correspondence yet he desisted not but on the contrary proposed to unnaturalize himself in order to be at liberty to withstand his Sovereign The King understanding that the Duke accompanied his Son Prince Alonso in his Journey from Moura to Evora he resolved to apprehend him After the Solemnity of the Princes Reception was over the Duke coming to take his leave of the King was by his order secured 4. The Duke being now in Custody the King called his Council and laid before them the Copies of his Letters of Correspondence with Castile Judges were appointed for his Trial before whom he appeared twice but refused to come the third time The Duke of Braganca beheaded for High-Treason They thereupon past Sentence of Death upon him which was publickly executed upon a Scaffold by severing his Head from his Body D. Alvaro de Portugal one of the Duke's Brothers was banished and found such Favour in Castile that he was made President of the Council The Marquis of Monte-Mayor his other Brother having made his escape was executed in Effigy This done the King and Queen took a Progress through the Provinces betwixt Duero and Minho and behind the Mountains In February they returned to Santarem 1484. where they found the Death of the Duke of Bragança instead of security to them The Duke of Viseo Conspires against the King's Life was like to produce greater danger The Duke of Viseo Brother to the Queen had conspired to Murder the King in hopes to Succeed him as he would have done had he not endeavoured to anticipate the time His Associates were the Bishop of Evora and several other Persons of Note This Treason was discovered to the King by Antony de Faria who had it from James Tinoco Brother to a Servant-Maid of the Bishop that gave him the first information James Tinoco gave the King a particular Account of the Design but found not entire Credit till D. Vasco Coutino confirmed all he had said Three times the King escaped the Danger being provided against it since the information given him and yet none of the Conspirators perceived he knew any thing of it On the 22d of August being at Setuval he sent for the Duke and having taken him aside asked of him what he would do to the Man that designed to kill him The Duke answered The Duke stabbed by the King I would kill him first if I could Then replied the King You have given judgment against your self At the same Instant he stabbed him so that he fell down dead at his Feet 5. Late at Night Proclamation was made for apprehending the rest of the Conspirators The other Conspirators punished and the next Morning the Duke's Carcass was exposed to publick view upon the Scaffold Most of the Traitors were apprehended The Bishop of Evora being put into a Cestern was there eaten alive by Worms His Brother Ferdinand was beheaded the same end had Peter de Albuquerque D. Gutiere Coutino died in Prison and D. Alvaro de Atayde fled to Castile and was afterwards pardoned by King Emanuel The Count de Pena-Macor died at Sevil and Ferdinand de Sylveyra was killed in France D. Vasco Coutinho one of the discoverers for his loyalty was created an Earl and Tinoco the other being of less Quality had 5000 Crowns down given him and a Church Revenue worth 1500 a Year This done the King bestowed all that had belonged to the Duke of Viseo upon his Brother Emanuel and with it the hopes of Succeeding to the Crown as also of the Empire of Asia for at this time Burtholomew Diaz by the King's order discovered the Cape of Good Hope which he then called Tormentoso or Stormy because of the ill Weather he met with there 6. Whilst these things passed in Portugal the City S. George in Guinea increased and the Christian Religion diffused it self whereupon the King this Year first stiled himself Lord of Guinea 1485. Several sorts of new Coin King John stiles himself Lord of Guinea as well of Gold and Silver as of Copper were now also spread abroad in Portugal The King had sent D. Peter de Noronha his Embassador to Rome to pay his Obedience to the Pope and obtain of him the Croisade in order to prosecute his Conquests in Africk for which he made Preparations throughout the Kingdom 1486. Four Venetian Galleys being taken by the French and the Men put ashoar almost naked at Cascaes the King not only relieved them with Cloaths and other Necessaries but gave them such a Sum of Money as redeemed their Galleys wherewith they returned home Whereupon that Republick sent a Solemn Embassy with Presents to return him Thanks for that extraordinary Act of Hospitality Azamor in Africk submits to the King The Town of Azamor in Africk sent this Year to submit it self to our King and was taken into Protection The way to India by Sea beginning to be laid open after the Discovery of the Cape of Good Hope the King sent Alonso de Payva and John de Cubillan to take a Journey into India by Land Others followed them but the particulars of those Actions belong to the Portuguese Asia where they may be found The Catholick King and Queen falling short of Ammunition at the Siege of Granada sent to desire a Supply of King John which was speedily and plentifully conveyed to them John Alonso de Aveyro discovered the Coast of Beni and brought thence the first Pepper that was ever brought from those Parts as also an Embassador from that King who was honourably entertained and sent back loaded with Presents James de Almeyda a Knight of Malta Sailing for Africk with 30 Sail in which
were 1500 Horse and 1000 Foot and being put by his Port landed near the City Anafe where encountring a multitude of Moors he killed 900 and carryed away 400 Prisoners The King improved this Accident by giving out he had chastised those Moors for their Disobedience to their Prince Mâ—ley Belâ—abe which that Prince believed and ever accounted himself much obliged to King John 7. Barraxe a Valiant Moor with a Party of 400 Horse and as many Foot took a great Booty about Tangier but the Governour of that Place D. John de Meneses instantly pursued him took him Prisoner and recovered all the Prey The Jews who in great Numbers lived in Castile seeing themselves condemned to the Flames by the erecting the Inquisition in that Country The Jews fly out of Castile into Portugal swarmed into Portugal King John at first entertained them but afterwards being sensible of their wicked Practices for that pretending to be Christians they ceased not to Judaize he sent out his Officers who burnt some chastised others and filled all the Prisons with them This made many of them fly over into Africk where they professed themselves openly Jews whereupon the King forbid any more passing over thither upon pain of Death giving them Liberty at the same time to remove to any Christian Country But tho' it happened some Years latter let us here relate what was done in this case In the Year 1492. vast multitudes of Jews came out of Castile into Portugal engaging to pay the King a certain number of Ducats for each Head and only desiring to be permitted to pass through the Kingdom Eight Months were allotted them to stay and certain Ports assigned them to Embark The Term expiring many went over to the Coast of Fez where they were plundered and abused by the Moors having been little better treated by the Portuguese Many returned to Castile pretending they were converted and many stay'd in Portugal under the same colour The King the following Year finding them obstinate in their wicked Practices made all that could be found Slaves and taking their Children away sent them to the Island of S. Thomas to be there brought up Christians Thus the Jews came first to mix their Race with that of the Ancient Portuguese 8. The King notwithstanding it was a time of Peace ceased not to lay up Magazines in all his Garrisons 1488. and fortified the Town of Olivença which alarmed the King and Queen of Castile but he satisfied them and went on with what he had begun In Africk D. Vasco Coutinho Earl of Borba with only 70 Horse defeated 450 Moors and took their Commander who lay in wait to have surprized him Upon the receipt of this News the King sent over 150 Horse and some Foot to encourage his Forces there They passed the Bridge of Alcacerquibir that had never before been passed by the Portuguese and returned with Slaves and Cattle In the Month of October arrived at Lisbon Bemoy an African King 〈◊〉 into Portugal Bemoy King of Jalof in Africk who being expelled his Kingdom came to ask Succours for recovering of it He had Audience of the King at Setuval and having proposed the Motive of his coming was answered That nothing could obstruct the assisting him but his being an Infidel for that it was not allowed Christian Princes to give Aid to Pagans He replyed he was ready to receive the Faith and only sorry that it might be thought he was moved to it by any Temporal Interest On the Third of November he and six of his principal Followers were baptized the King Prince and Duke Emanuel being Godfathers On the seventh the King Knighted him and gave him for his Arms Gules a Cross Or within an Orle of Portugal Next he did Homage to the King and promised Obedience to the Pope This done the King sent him home with 20 Caravels well manned and provided under the Command of Peter Vaz da Cunha with Orders to erect a Fort at the Mouth of the River Zanaga He is 〈…〉 Peter 〈…〉 This Expedition succeeded not for Cunha fearing to venture himself in that unhealthy Country murdered the unfortunate Bemoy and so returned home with the Fleet and the King unjustly connived at this Villany 9. At the beginning of the Year the King went into Algarve 〈…〉 and thence sent over some Forces with Masons and Materials to build a Fort at the Mouth of the River Larache ordering it to be called Graciosa Muley King of Fez in whose Territory it was understanding how the Work advanced set down before it with 40000 Horse and a vast multitude of Foot King John sent Succours to the besieged but all too weak to withstand so great a Force He thought of going over in Person but the Moors offering to suffer the Christians to depart the offer was accepted and the Place abandoned Barraxe that Moor who had been taken Prisoner by D. Vasco Coutinho being ransomed now held Correspondence with a Gentleman called Lope Sanchez about betraying the City Ceuta to him Sanchez held him in hand and gave Advice to the King who sent to secure that Place 50 Sail from Algarve well manned and stored under the Command of D. Ferdinand de Meneses He and his Brother Antony that was before at Ceuta marched out with 150 Horse and 1000 Foot and falling upon the Town of Targa easily took it as being abandoned The Town they utterly destroyed took some Ships Cannon and Ammunition and released some Christian Captives This Action cost not one drop of Blood D. Ferdinand marched away to Alcaçar and joyning with the Governours of that Place and Tangier he again set out with 400 Horse and 1200 Foot towards Camice which the Moors call the Inchanted because it was thought inaccessible standing upon a craggy Hill Now the Inchantment ceased for the Place was taken by Assault and razed down to the Ground 400 of the Defendants who hid themselves in the Mountain being put to the Sword But this Victory was not so cheaply purchased as the other for it cost the Lives of 70 Men. 10. Prince Alonso was now going into his Fifteenth Year 1490. an Age fit to Marry and he was already contracted to the Princess Elizabeth Eldest Daughter to King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth of Castile The News of her being affianced to him by Proxy at Sevil being brought to Evora where the King then was that City was filled with all publick Demonstrations of Joy From thence soon after it was diffused throughout the whole Kingdom The Plague in Portugal The Plague then raging a Lisbon and spreading as far as Evora as also the News brought of the Death of the Princess Joanna the King's Sister in the Monastery at Aveyro might have been looked upon as ill Omens forboding the evil Success of this Marriage The publick Joy was turned for some time into Mourning but soon after resumed again Nor did the Preparations for the Wedding cease all that time and
up the Ghost on the 25th of October 〈…〉 Being sensible he must die he commanded the Plate furnished by the Churches for the late Wars to be restored He ordered Duke Emanuel should Succeed him having first used all possible means to leave the Crown to his Bastard-Son George which was the greatest Act of Injustice he was 〈…〉 indeed that could be Having 〈◊〉 the Queen Princess Beatrix and the Clergy in his Life time he now begged Pardon of them 4. Tho' the King earnestly desired to see Duke Emanuel before his Death he could not compass it some Persons perswading that Prince his Design was to kill him There was a small Box whereof he always kept the Key which was generally supposed to contain nothing but Poison 〈…〉 Saint But this Box being opened after his Death there was found in it a Book of Instructions for to make a good Confession a Hair-cloath and a Discipline stained with Blood Hence the People took occasion 〈◊〉 call him a Saint as many before accounted him a Tyrant In his Will the King ordered 3000 Masses should be said for his Soul that 41 Orphans should be marryed that the like number of Captives should be redeemed that the great â—ospital of Lisbon should be finished that half the Plate taken from Churches by his Father for the War against Castile should be restored that Duke Emanuel should Succeed him in the Throne that his Bastard-Son George should have the City Coimbra with all the Royalties wherewith Prince Peter had it before that in case Duke Emanuel died without Issue the aforesaid George should Inherit the Crown and that none of the Persons banished the Kingdom by him should be restored After his Death he had the Commendations of his very Enemies His Body was conducted with great State from the Cathedral of Silves to the Monastery of Batalla where it is said to have been found long after uncorrupted which increased the Opinion of his Sanctity He marryed his Cousin-German Ellenor Daughter to Prince Ferdinand Duke of Viseo and the Lady Beatrix Daughter to Prince John She was a Princess endued with singular Beauty Wit and Vertue and lies buried in the Monastery of the Mother of God at Lisbon founded by her self in the Cloister among the Nuns is her Grave without any distinction 5. Let us now give some Specimen of the many Vertues that adorned this King 〈◊〉 Vertues First for his great Zeal in Matters of Religion Pope Innocent VII publickly called him The Eldest Son of the Church Daily he performed several Devotions upon his bare Knees and in the Holy Week spent whole Nights in mourning before the Sepulchre He forbid the use of Mules and because the Clergy said they would have recourse to the Pope on that account he made it Death for any Body to 〈◊〉 them and so that Dispute 〈…〉 Justice was such that he rewarded some Judges before whom he was Cast in Law Suits and hearing a Man was condemned to Death who had been Fourteen Years in Prison he pardoned him saying They better deserved to die who had kept him so long to Condemn him at last Few ever exceeded him in Liberality and Gratitude for having borrowed 1500 Ducats of Peter Pantoja and kept them but five days he then sent him his Money and 250 Ducats for the Use of it Pantoja complaining that the Interest was too great he ordered him as much more and said He would do so as often as he complained James Fernandez Correa his Factor in Flanders having lent Maximilian the King of the Romans 30000 Ducats without his Order he sent him Thanks for so doing and gave him 1000 Crowns Edward del Casal a Man of Worth having employed another to beg some Favour for him the King seeing him said Since you have Hands to serve me with why have not you a Tongue to speak to me 6. There was nothing that daunted him More of his good Qualities in so much that others fearing to go aboard the Fleet because of the Plague he went himself and is said to have spoke unconcerned with the Ghost of a Gentleman that was dead and came to warn him of the Conspiracy of the Duke of Viseo Favourites he never had any and was such an Enemy to those sort of Ministers that the Cardinal George da Costa who had entire influence over his Father fled to Rome before his Accession to the Crown None that deserved well passed unrewarded for he carryed about him a Table-Book in which were the Names and Services of all those that merited of him All Men had access to him their Business was heard and answered Truth was so much admired by him that he made D. John de Meneses his Lord Steward only because he said He always spoke the Truth 〈◊〉 it were displeasing to him As for Learning he understood Philosophy was skilled in Mathematicks well versed in History and a great admirer of Poetry Tho' his Countenance represented much of Gravity and his Carriage had much of Majesty yet at times he was pleasant and facetious To conclude his Government was inferiour to none of the best Kings that preceded him and may be a Pattern to all those that come after him Scarce any excelled him in all sorts of Vertues and foâ— his Zeal to Religion he was the first that propagated it in the Torrid Zone In short he was a Father of his People Bountiful Just Merciful Generous Brave a lover of Truth and sure rewarder of Merit 7. King John had only one Lawfully Begotten Son His Issue which was Prince Alonso born at Lisbon in the Year 1475. and who died as has been said unfortunately by a Fall off his Horse in the Year 1491. being newly married to the Princess Elizabeth Daughter to King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth of Castile This King had also One Bastard-Son called George created Duke of Coimbra Marquis of Torres Novas Master of the Military Orders of Santiago and Avis and Lord of the Lands that had belonged to Prince Peter He had also the Town of Aveiro and of him are descended the Dukes of that Title who keep the sirname of Lancaster taken by them in Memory of Queen Philippa Daughter to the Duke of Lancaster King John at length fixed the Arms of the Kingdom in the manner they are used at this Day reducing the Castles in the Orle to the certain Number of Seven and setâ—ing the Five middle Escutcheons upright 8. Discoveries in the Reign of King John were as follow 〈…〉 James Cano sailed to the River and Kingdom of Manicongo James Alonso de Aveiro to that of Beni and brought thence the first Pepper that came from those Parts Bartâ—â—â—â—mew Diaz to the Cape of Good Hope and passed beyond it to the River called Del Infante Peter Covillam and Alonso de Paiva Men versed in many Languages went to Grand Cairo in Egypt then embarking on the Red Sea saw the City Adem where parting Paiva went into Ethiopia
where they gave their definitive Sentence in Favour of King Philip. Antony hasted to Setuval and having secured the City returned to Lisbon where the Forts of S. Julian and 〈…〉 The Duke of 〈◊〉 who had retired to his Town of Portel sent thence to King Philip offering to come to Composition but it was now too late for that Prince was too far advanced The Duke aâ— Alva had passed the River Caya in June which parts the two Kingdoms with 20000 Men 6000 Carts and 25 pieces of Cannon He marched peaceably as if it had been through a Country subject to his Master all Places submitting themselves as far as Estremoz This Town was soon perswaded by D. Christopher de Moura to surrender but D. John de Azevedo held out in the Castle till seeing the Cannon planted against him he endeavoured to escape and being taken was sent Prisoner to Villa Viciosa the Duke of Alva declaring he spared his Life in regard to his want of Experience Hence the Army moved and took in Evora and Monte-Mayor and so proceeded to Setuval without committing any wasâ— in all the Country 6. The grand Prior provided for his Defence but wanting Men and no Succours coming from France he sent the French Consul residing at Lisbon to hasten them and he went to spend the Money he carried The Spanish Forces 〈◊〉 Duke 〈◊〉 Alva 〈◊〉 near to Lisbon Now perceiving the Duke approached having taken Alcaçer do sal near Setuval and being wholly unprovided to oppose him he suffered his Officers to commit many Extortions to raise Money Slaves had their Freedom given them to take Arms Money was coined of less Weight than usual all the Jewels of the Crown were sold the Money designed for Redemption of Captives seized Convents were searched for Money deposited in them and the Plate of the Churches was seized The Fryars took Arms and went about the Streets exciting others to do the like Setuval was soon surrendred to the Duke of Alva and only a Tower held out that secures the Haven under which lay Three Galleons D. Alvaro Bazan Marquess of Santa Cruz coming up now with 60 Galleys and 25 Ships and some Cannon being planted on an Eminency at the first shot the Galeons surrendred and soon after the Tower The Grand Prior seeing the best Part of the Kingdom in the Power of King Philip and the Nobility daily resort to him began now to suspect his own Followers Duke de Alva passâ—â— the River Tagus The Duke of Alva after long consulting where to pass the River Tagus at length took the Advice of the Portuguese that adhered to him which was to go over in the Galleys to Cascais D. James de Mâ—â—â—es lying with some Men behind a Mountain did not hinder the landing and was therefore accused of Cowardize The Grand Prior marched out to Belem with some few ill armed Troops but soon retired The Duke took and plundered Cascais where D. James de Meneses being taken had his Head cut off This put Lisbon and the Grand Prior into a great Consternation and he gathered about 8000 undisciplined Men with which he marched towards Belem on the 5th of August On the 4th Day after he removed and posted himself on an Advantageous rising Ground over against the Bridge of Alcantara In the mean while the Duke advanced to batter the Fort of S. Julian 7. D. James de Cazamo a Spaniard who had served the Grand Prior came now to him and prevailed with him to submit himself to King Philip but the King remitted the whole Affair to the Duke of Alva who broke off that Negotiation The Fâ—â—ts upon the River taken by the Spaniards The Castle of S. Julian after being Two Days battered was delivered up to him The Wooden Fort at the Bar was abandoned by the Defendants and the Spaniards possessed themselves of it King Philip now published his general Pardon to all Persons whatsoever concerned in these Broiles except the Grand Prior and some other of the Heads conditionally that they submitted by a Day appointed Lisbon was willing enough to embrace this offer but feared as much to be plundered by its armed Rabble as by the Enemy Eight Days the Two Armies lay close by each other without doing any thing At length the Duke sent Sanchâ— de Avila with 15 Horse and some Foot to discover which way the Tower of Belâ—m might be attacked A greater number of Portuguese met them and a Skirmish 〈◊〉 tho not considerable the Spaniards retiring That 〈◊〉 they planted their Cannon and the next Day the Tower was delivered to them The Duke perceiving the Ground Prior kept his Ground which prevented the City 〈◊〉 from surrendring he went in Person to take a view 〈◊〉 his Camp and found it well seated but not fortifyed He resolved to attack it at Midnight and have strict Ordere that the City should not be plundred King Philip having given it him particularly in Charge At the tâ—mâ— appointed he marched the Spanish Shâ—ps and 〈◊〉 then riding in the River The Grand Prior encourageâ— his Mâ—n which were now but a small number and 〈…〉 disciplined The Spanish Army consisted of 20000 Men the Portuguese were not above 4000. The Cannon having played on both sides Antony's Army routted the Spaniards assaulted the Bridge where was a sharp dispute but that once gained the Portuguese soon fled to the City where Antony opened the Prisons and then with some few that would follow him shifted for himself 8. Notwithstanding the contrary Orders the Spaniards during Three Days plundered Lisbon Lisbon plundered by the Spaniards which so displeased King Philip that he threatned to punish all the Officers and so severely reproved the Duke that he is thought to have died of Grief Antony having staied at Sacavem near Lisbon removed to Santarem which Place tho the first that declared him King refused now to admit him Thence he fled to Coimbra where he fortifyed himself and having gathered 5000 Men sent Orders to the Province betwixt Duero and Minho to own him King and entered Aveyro by force The Towns in Africk immediately submitted Antony forced to fly 〈◊〉 abscond but the Tercera Islands stood by Antony Sancho de Avila set out from Lisbon with 400 Horse and 6000 Foot to pursue Antony Coimbra opened her Gates to him and Antony removed to Porto which Place refusing him admittance he began to batter and thereupon it was surrendred to him Sancho de Avila followed the Grand Prior close and coming to Porto battered it from the same Place the other had done and entring plundered it Antony escaping thence and being forsaken of all Men absoncded for a long time in the Mountains Being close pursued at the River Lima he had certainly been taken but that one Thomas Cacheyro who still followed him Swam over the River with him on his Back In this manner he fled from Place to Place narrowly escaping in several Disguises King Philip offered 80000
of Badajoz thought to have surprized that place and in order to it marched with 5500 Foot and 1200 Horse two Petards and eight pieces of Canon which last being useless for a surprize were the cause he failed of his design for the Carriages breaking by the way as was thought rather through the malice of those who had them in charge than neglect so much time was spent in fixing them again that it was day before he could reach the Fort of Telena which being a League from the City he was forced to return without attempting any thing to Elvas 2. The King having certain intelligence that the Spanish Army daily increased at Badajoz gave out all the necessary Orders for his Troops to Rendesvouz at Elvas and to be himself the more at hand went over to Aldea Gallega which was the cause that many of the Nobility and Gentry repaired to the Army The Spanish Army on the Portuguese Frontiers On the 25th day of October the Marquess de Leganez marched from Badajoz with 12000 Foot 3000 Horse 10 pieces of Cannon and a Train proportionable and halted in sight of the Bridge of Olivenza and Fort St. Antony In two days he took the said Fort and another at the foot of the Bridge both which he demolished and broke several Arches of the Bridge to cut off the Communication of Olivenza Whilst the Spaniards were busie at this work a Party of 600 of their Horse meeting 400 of our Foot under the Command of Major John da Fonseca Barreta within two Leagues of Estremoz cut most of them off the Major being the first that Fled whereas he might have easily drawn his Men within an Inclosure which was by and have thereby secured them against any Horse The King of the Maldivy Islands in India being now come to Portugal to crave Aid of the King against a Brother who had Usurped the Crown served in the Army this Campaign and was treated with all imaginable respect Count Castelmelhor having drawn together all the Force he could and being yet Inferiour to the Enemy kept himself still within the Olive-Gardens at Elvas but continually sent out Parties to Alarm the Enemy D. Roderick de Castro with 1000 Horse and 500 Musketiers sustaining one of those Parties the Enemy Charged it and pursuing too far he cut off 90 of their Horse Another of our Parties being beyond Badajoz took the Count de Izinguen who came to be Lieutenant-General of Horse in the Spanish Army and being sent to Lisbon continued a long time Prisoner in the Castle of Belem The Marquess de Leganez having done nothing more than break the Bridge and demolish the two Forts returned towards Badajoz and in 12 days erected a new Fort at Telena near that City destroying at the same time a Tower in which was an Ensign and 15 of our Men a League from Elvas This is all that was done of moment in the Province of Alentejo and both Armies went into Winter-Quarters 3. In the Province betwixt Duero and Minho The War in the Provinces betwixt Duero and Minho and Tralos Montes there was no memorable Action only small inroads made on both sides But the Province Tralos Montes enjoyed perfect Peace both Parties lying still each fearing to provoke the other D. Ferdinand Mascarenhas Count de Serem Governed Beira At his first coming thither the Spaniards drove a Prey from about Villa Tropim and Malpartida but Captain Ruy Tavarez de Brito overtaking them with 100 Horse recovered all though at the cost of his own Life Soon after the Enemy layed Siege to Salvaterra but without success for the Count having drawn together all the Force he could make to relieve it and being reinforced from Alentejo they broke up the Siege and departed They being gone the Count fortified the Frontier places and obliged the Countrey People to retire farther from the borders because he was inferiour to the Enemy in Forces 4. We left John Fernandez Vieyra Actions of John Fernandez Vieyra in Brazil against the Dutch the last Year in the Mountains of Pernambuco expecting succours from Bahia to make War upon the Hollanders They laid several designs to take him but he having timely notice still escaped their hands They promised 1000 Florins Reward for his Head and he on the other side offered 8000 Crusados for any of the Heads of those of their supream Council Henry Hus was sent with 1500 Dutch and 800 Indians into the Mountains to cut him off with all his Party but he having gathered 1200 men whereof only 200 had Fire-Arms posted himself so advantageously and received them with such resolution that after a dispute of several hours they were totally routed with much slaughter and had not the Night sheltered them none had returned to carry the News The Arms taken in this Action were the principal part of the Booty because of the great want of them there was among the Portugueses John Hus revenged himself upon the innocent Inhabitants of the Towns of St. Laurence and Apopucos who lived under the protection of the Dutch robbing and putting them to the rack Soon after Antony Philip Camarao and Henry Dias with the Blacks and Indians under their Command joyned John Fernandez Vieyra Andrew Vidall also sent with some Foot by Antony Tellez Governour of Bahia to apprehend John Fernandez for breaking the Truce with the Dutch took part with him against them Advice being brought them that the Hollanders plundered Varzea and carried away the Women that were there they marched with all speed and defeating them in the Field obliged those that retired into a House to surrender themselves Though the Hollanders complained that Andrew Vidal being sent to their assistance had joyned their Enemies yet they as soon as he was landed had burnt the Ships that brought him from Bahia 5. The Dutch going about to disarm the Portuguese Inhabitants of the Town of Sirinhaem Faithless proceedings of the Dutch in Brazil they were so incensed that gathering together under Hypolito de Vercoza they drove them not only out of the Town but out of the Fort whither they had fled for safety At Pontal de Nazareth our Men had also Besieged the Dutch in the Fort and Martin Sourez Moreno with his Regiment coming to the assistance of the Besiegers Theodosius Straet the Governour underhand contrived how to deliver it up to them and he with most of his Men entred into their Service Andrew Vidal who had been in this last Action having again joyned John Fernandez Vieyra they resolved to block up the place called Arrecife and the City Mauricea which was immediately put in execution all the Forces being posted in the most convenient places to cut off the Enemy from all relief by Land They Attacked and took the Fort St. Cruz seated betwixt the Arrecife and the Town of Olinda the Commander with 60 Men taking Service among the Portugueses The Fort of Porto Calvo was also taken by Christopher Lins the
him but it took no effect On the 18th of April he took the Field with 7500 Foot 500 Seamen 300 Indians 5 pieces of Cannon and a great quantity of Ammunition and marching to the Fort Barreta the Captain who commanded there unadvisedly went out with 80 Men most of whom were kill'd the Captain taken and his Ensign surrendred the Fort. Francis Barreto who commanded the Portugueses having called a Council of War it was resolved to give the Enemy Battle though at such great odds rather than stay to be beaten out of all their Posts by degrees According to this Resolution they marched and posted themselves in a small Plain at the Foot of the Mountains Gararapes on the 16th of April They sent out Major Antony Diaz Cardoso with 20 Men to observe the Enemy who stirred not that Night but appeared next Morning being Low Sunday upon the Mountains Antony Dias with his 20 Men and 40 Indians that had joyned him skirmishing in their Van. The Enemy drawing near our Men attack'd them with Sword in Hand and at the first Charge disordered their Van which retiring to the other Troops endeavoured to rally Henry Dias with his Regiment pressing hard upon them was overpowred by the fresh Troops and forced to give way so that many of the Portugueses who were disordered in Confidence of the Victory began to fly Francis Barreto in good time rallyed them and charging the Enemy again recovered the Day Yet the Dutch were not soon broke for the Fight continued four Hours very obstinate At last the Dutch gave way and retired to a Hill whether Francis Barreto thought not good to pursue them because his Men were spent with Travel and fasting 24 Hours There were taken 33 Colours many Arms and a great Booty At Night the Enemy returned to the Shoar leaving behind 1000 Dead and carrying 523 wounded of the Portugueses 80 were killed and 400 wounded This done Francis Barreto marched back to possess his former Quarters hoping the Enemy was not in a Condition to destroy them and so it proved for they had only possessed themselves of the Fort Barreta and Town of Olinda which last he resolved to recover At Night he sent Henry Diaz with his Regiment and some other Companies who drove out the Enemy killing 160 of them and recovered 5 pieces of Canon Francis Barreto ordered the Works to be rased and his Men to retire to their Post Sigismund Vanscop sent a Drum demanding exchange of Prisoners which was refused and they all sent away to Bahia Some Ships of the Dutch Fleet that had been separated by Storm arriving now Sigismund several times attacked the Quarters of Henry Dias but was as often valiantly repulsed by the Blacks There was great want of Men and Provisions in our Quarters which was in some measure remedyed by the arrival of Collonel Francis de Figueyroa from Bahia with 300 Men and a quantity of Cattle The joy of this Succour was abated by the Death of D. Antony Philip Camarao Governor of the Indians a good Christian and resolute Soldier Sigismund Vanscop perceiving Fortune favour'd him not at Pernambuco put to Sea with some Ships and landing in several parts of Baâ—ia returned with a great Booty he had gather'd Francis Barreto growing better versed in the Affairs of that Country continued the War with good Conduct as we shall see in the following Years 4. It has been said above that Salvador Correa was sent from Lisbon with the Title of Governour of Rio de Janeyro The Dutch beaten out of Angola in Africk and General of the Kingdom of Angola In January he arrived at Rio de Janeyro and found there Emanuel Pacheco de Mello with the 5 Ships sent by the Count de Villa Pouca in pursuance of the King's Orders Salvador Correa was no sooner landed but he called a Council to deliberate about recovering the Kingdom of Angola It was unanimously resolved to go upon the Enterprize and for the carrying of it on the Inhabitants contributed 55000 Cruzadoes which is 7333l 06 s. 04 d. This encouraged him to hire 6 Ships and buy 4 small Vessels He listed 900 Land Men and 600 Sea-men and having made all necessary Provision for them sailed for Angola on the 12th of May with 15 Sail. The weather proved so bad his small Vessels could not keep up with him However he arrived at Quicombo where he was ordered to raise a Fort and landed to view the place Five days after arrived his Vice-Admiral and two of the small Vessels but the Night following the Vice-Admiral sunk in the Bay without the least Wind no Man knowing what should be the cause of it In her perished 360 Men for only two were saved Salvador Correa called a Council where he proposed that though the King's Orders were not to make War upon the Dutch as supposing they lived peaceably with the Portugueses yet finding on the Contrary that they ceased not to make War upon those who were retired up the Country he thought it was but reasonable to assist their Country Men and expell those Usurpers All that were present answered they would either recover Angola or dye With this unanimous Consent he set sail again and arrived at Loanda Having taken a Black he reported that 300 Dutch with 3000 Blacks so streightned the Portugueses who were fled to the City Masangano that it was impossible to have any Correspondence with them Having received this Confirmation of the unjust proceedings of the Dutch he sent to summon the Governor of Loanda to surrender This Message so surprized him that he sent to desire only 8 days to resolve what was to be done Salvador Correa perceiving this was only to gain Time to call in their Men that were Abroad replyed he would grant two Days after which they must expect to be treated with the utmost Rigour They accepted of the offer and in that time gather'd all the Force they could into the Fort of St. Michael which commands the City and that of our Lady on the Shoar both which can contain 5000 Men. At the expiration of the two days Salvador Correa sent to know whether they were ready to surrender but they answered they were resolved to hold out to the last Hereupon he instantly landed 900 Men and marched to the Town which he entred without Opposition possessing himself of the Fort S. Antony abandoned by the Enemy who had left in it 8 pieces of Canon whereof only two were nailed With the other 6 and 4 Demi-Canon brought from the Ships he formed two Batteries that Night which at break of Day began to play on the Fort of St. Michael but not with any considerable effect Salvador Correa displeased at this disappointment and more at the News that the Dutch had defeated the Portugueses at Masangano resolved to venture upon a desperate Action which was to assault both the Forts joyned by a Line of Communication and defended by 1200 Dutch French and Germans and as many Blacks
others who had any share in the Administration of the Government At length on the 6th of November being Munday having given all imaginable Tokens of true Repentance and Christian Piety he gave up the Ghost into the Hands of his Redeemer The King being dead the Lord Chamberlain dressed him in the Royal Robes and layed him upon a Bed the Bells throughout the City and the Tears of his Subjects equally signifying the loss sustained by the Kingdom After noon the Council met and opening his Will found he appointed the Queen Regent of the Kingdom and Protectress of his Children that the Royal Chappel should be finished according to the Model by him begun that the Monastery of S. Clare at Coimbra should be finished That several Pensions should be given to Persons there named That 2000 Cruzados should be immediately distributed to poor Monasteries and that his Body should be interred in the Church of S. Vincent All the while the Body lay in State in the Guard Chamber of the Pallace the People thronged to see it Thence it was removed attended by all the Officers of the Houshold and Clergy of the whole City to the Church of S. Vincent and there put into the Tomb appointed for it King John was of a middle Stature very handsome before he had the Small Pox his Hair fair his Body gross but strong He hated gayety in Cloaths and therefore was careless in his Dress always an Enemy to new Fashions His Discourse was Witty and Pleasant his Judgment sound but affecting to have all his Orders unblameable he was often too slow in his Resolutions He had but one Wife which was the Lady Luisa de Guzman Daughter to the Duke of Medina Sidonia By her he had Issue Theodosius who dyed at Lisbon His Wife and Issue in the 19th Year of his Age Emanuel and Anne who both dyed in their Infancy at Villa Viciosa before their Father ascended the Throne Alfonso who succeeded his Father and was afterwards deposed Peter now reigning Joanna who dyed at Lisbon in the 16th Year of her Age. And Catherine Queen of England One Bastard Daughter called Mary who lived and dyed in the Monastery of Carnide near Lisbon In this City the King dyed upon Monday the 26th of November in the Year 1656 at the age of 5â— Years and 7 Months whereof he was 26 Duke oâ— Barcelos 10 Duke of Braganza and 16 King of Portugal Anno 1657. AFter the death of the King the Queen Dowager whâ— was also regent during the minority of her Son being a Woman of a haughty and active Spirit presently bent her thoughts upon making some considerable attempt on the Enemies Frontiers least they should imagine that the loss of their King had discouraged the Portugueses or dissipatated their Councils To this effect and to gain her self a greater Reputation among her own People she ordered the Count de San Lorenzo who then Commanded upon the Frontiers with all secrecy and expedition to attempt the surprizing of the Fort of Barcarota in which she was informed there was but a small Garrison At this time Francis Tutta-villa Duke of St. German was Generall of the Spanish Frontiers by birth he was an Italian and as to his person and experience a Soldier of known courage and Conduct He having private intelligence of the design covertly put 500 chosen men into Barcarota with orders to Stand upon their guard that they might surprize those who came to surprize them The Portugueses aâ—temptinâ— Barcarota are repulsed with loss The Portuguese Forces who knew nothing of this reinforcement boldly making up to the Fort before break of day were on a sudden assaulted by the Spaniards sallying furiously upon them and they expecting no such reception were soon put to flight and a great number slain and taken prisoners This rash and fruitless attempt by which the Queen thought to have made herself terrible to her Enemies produced a quite contrary effect for it only provoked his Catholick Majesty to carry on the War against Portugal with greater vigour than had been done of late years In order thereto the Spanish Generall the Duke of St. German having been sent for to Madrid and there fully empowered to act as he should find most expedient returned to the Frontiers well furnished with mony Armes provisions 20 peices of Canon and an Army of 13000 Foot and 4000 Horse He was at first doubtfull whether he should bend his Force against Elvas or Olivenza but considering the dammage received from the frequent excursions of the garrison of the latter of these two places he resolved to attack it Olivenza is seated in a plain almost a League from the River Guadiana and beset on all sides with hills that command it being within Canon shot The Fortifications of the place were after the modern manner consisting of Nine bastions two half Moons and two Forts and was next to Elvas the strongest place in Portugal The Duke being come before the Town and perceiving the Seige would be a work of time The Duke of St. German the Spanish Generall besieges Olivenza enclosed the whole place within his lines possessing himself of the hills and strengthning his lines with 21 redoubts and four large places of Armes Four batteries were presently raised which played with good success upon the Town but whatever they cast down in the day the besieged repaired by Night After which another was planted on the Monastery of St. Francis which overtopping the Walls slew many in the streets till such time as a strong work was cast up by the garrison which covered that part of the Town The trenches were diligently carryed on and many sallies made by the besieged The Duke perceiving the conquest of this place to be a work of great difficulty thought fit to reduce it by Art as well as Main-force Having therefore suffered his men to lye still severall days as if he intended to starve the Town on a sudden in the dead of Night he assaulted the greater of the two Forts with his whole power The besieged being at first surprized and not knowing whither to run gave way 〈◊〉 the Enemy who thought themselves possest of the Fort till Emanuel de Saldanha the Governour of the Town comming with fresh supplies drove them out and the Duke fearful of exposing his men sounded a retreat Twenty days after the Town was invested the Count de St. Lorenzo came to the relief of it with an Army of 12000 Foot and 3500 Horse After being four days on the Banks of the River he moved nearer to the Enemy and planted a battery against their works but the Duke having raised also another did such Execution that he was glad to withdraw and return to his Camp near Jurumenha Three days he lay there and then again drew near to Olivenza to discover how the Town might best be relieved or at least to encourage the besieged by his presence to which purpose he sent severall Messages to
of the Siege p. 165 Overthrows the Moors with a handful of Men. Another like Exploit of his p. 166 Wars with Leon. p. 167 Being put to flight breaks his Leg fulfilling his Mothers Curse when he put Fetters upon her Besieged in Santarem by the Moors sallies out and defeats them p. 168 His Death p. 172 His Armes Wife and Issue p. 173 K. Alonso the IId of Portugal his Birth p. 180 He attacks the Towns given by his Father to his Sisters Is routed by the King of Leon. p. 181 Recovering defeats the Army of Leon. Is reconcil'd to his Brethren p. 182 Laws enacted by him p. 183 His Death Wife and Issue p. 184 K. Alonso the III. his Birth and Actions till his Assumption to the Crown p. 192 He is received as Regent Puts away his Wife and marries another p. 193 Conquers Algarve p. 194 His Cruelty towards his lawful Wife p. 196 Resumes his former Gifts and opposes the Clergy p. 198 His Description Death and Issue p. 199 His Arms Men famous in his time p. 200 K. Alonso the IV. wholly addicted to his Pleasure p. 219 At variance with his Bastard Brother Ibid. Marries his Daughter to the King of Castile p. 220 Enters Castile with an Army p. 225 Aids the Castilians against the Moors in Person â— 226 The two Kings overthrow the Infidels p. 227 His eldest Son privately marries the Lady Agnes de Castro p. 228 His Death Wife and Issue p. 229 His Arms. p. 230 King Alonso the V. his Birth His accession to the Crown and Differences betwixt the Queen and Nobility p. 279 He marries the Regents Daughter Takes upon him the Government and confirms all that had been done by the Regent p. 283 Takes Alcazer on the Coast of Africk p. 287 Takes Arzila and Tangier Changes his Title p. 289 Wages War with Castile in defence of the rightful Heiâ—ess p. 290 Prosecutes the War p. 291 Sails into France p. 294 Resolves to end his days at Hierusalem p. 296 His Death p. 297 His Issue and Discoveries during his Reign p. 298 K. Alonso the VI. takes upon him the Government p. 5â—â— The source of his Misfortunes p. 529 Slanders cast upon him p. 533 Resolves to take upon him the Government p. 538 Those that affronted him in the person of Conti Banished p. 541 He grows more loose in his Life p. 542 A Match concluded for him p. 545 He offers the Infantâ— satisfaction p. 552 Fearing the Faction offers to compound with the Infante p. 553 Is in great perplexity p. 5â—5 Betrayed by his Queen Makes choice of Antony de Soâ—â—a de Macedo in the place of Castelmelhor p. 556 Is abandoned by all Men. p. 5â—9 Forced by his Enemies to call the assembly of the States Designs to fly to the Army but is prevented by his Brothâ—â— p. 560 Resolutely desires to resign the Crown p. 562 Is sent Prisoner to the Island Tercera Brought back and confined to the Castle of Cintra p. 566 His Death p. 569 P. Alonso marries Elizabeth Daughter to the K. and Q. of Castile and Aragon p. 360 He is kill'd by a fall from his Horse p. 307 Alonso Son to K. Edward I. that had the Title of Prince in Portugal p. 275 An incredible Relation p. 121 An Astrological Prediction p. 275 Antonius Pius Emperour p. 78 D. Antony de Aâ—aide Favourite to K. John the III. his Character p. 331 Antony de Sousa and Emanuel Anâ—unez the remaining Friends of the King forced to fly p. 559 Antony the Bastard declared Protector by the Rabble p. 356 His Birth and Education He enters Lisbon and is saluted King p. 357 His Army routed He is forced to fly and abscond p. 360 He arrives at the Terzeras with a Fleet from France p. 361 His Fleet destroyed by the Spaniards p. 362 He flies into England p. 363 Dyes in France p. 364 Arian Heresie first spread in Lusitania p. 92 Arms of Porto p. 34 Artilius again overthrows the Lusitanians p. 31 Augustus Caesar comes into Spain p. 69 Is acknowledged Emperour of the World and temples erected to him p. 70 Azamor on the coast of Africk submits to the King of Portugal p. 303 〈◊〉 is taken by force p. 323 B. BAbel â—Tower built p. 3 Bacchus in Spain p. 11 Badajoz Besieged p. 497 Baia recovered p. 379 Barbarities of the Rebellions Rabble p. 255 Barbarous Sacrifice p. 17 Battle betwixt two Kings p. 292 Betwixt private Men and their Forces p. 199 Of Ourique and Reflections upon it p. 162 Of Elvas Spaniards defeated p. 499 Of Evora p. 514 Of Montesclaros p. 524 Beatrix Daughter to K. Emanael marryed to the Duke of Savoy p. 326 Bemoy an African Prince flies into Portugal Is murdered by Peter Vaz da Cunha p. 305 K. Bermudo advanced to the Throne overthrows the Moors He resigns the Crown p. 117 K. Bermudo the II. looses many places and is routed by Almanzor p. 134 K. Bermudo the III. succeeds p. 140 Betus the VI. King of Spain p. 5 Birth of our Saviour p. 71 Of King Emanuel's fourth and fifth Sons p. 320 Of Camaen the great Portuguese Poet. p. 321 Of King John's Son Peter now reigning p. 446 Of the Infanta Mary Frances p. 567 Bishop of Lamego going Ambassador to Rome taken by the Spaniards p. 402 Blanch Divorced from the Prince p. 221 Body of Spanish Horse Routed p. 521 Bâ—gud the African ravages the Coasts p. 65 Both sides cease from Hostilities p. 434 D. of Braganza Beheaded for High-Treason p. 301 Brigus IV. King of Spain p. 4 Brutus the Consul takes the City Lacobrica and destroys the Countrey about Braga p. 42 He destroys near 60000 Galicians Conquers Lusitania and Galicia and Triumphs at Rome p. 43 C. CAcus chosen General p. 12 Cadiz Assaulted by the English p. 380 Caesar comes into Lusitania p. 57 Subdues the Herminij and routs a vast multitude p. 58 His remaining Actions in Spain p. 59 He returns and expels Pompey's party p. 62 Overthrows young Pompey at Munda p. 63 Conquers the Lusitanians and setling Peace at Beja calls that City Pax Julia. p. 65 Caiâ—s Caligula Emperor p. 74 Carthaginians come to relieve the Phaenicians p. 15 They are defeated p. 16 Expelled by the Romans p. 26 M. of Caracena General of the Spaniards p. 521 Besieges Villaviciosa p. 522 C. Castenheda Besieges Valencia de Alcantara p. 517 Advances to relieve Villaviciosa p. 523 Castile separates from Leon and erects a Government under two Judges p. 126 Castilians enter Portugal p. 263 C. Castelmelhor succeeds in the King's favour p. 538 He rises p. 540 His Brother favourite to the Infante p. 544 He withdraws from Court p. 555 Catherine Infanta of Portugal married to King Charles II. of England p. 502 Celtae settle in Portugal p. 14 Cessation of Arms betwixt Spain and Portugal for three Years p. 267 With the Dutch p. 403 Charity of the Spaniards to the distressed Portugueses p. 277 Charles V. the Emperor marries Elizabeth Sister to
censure by reason there is little in it but what has been delivered by Roman Writers who have for the most part passed current in the World or if any of them have not it is no way the Business of this work to vindicate them After the first Preaching of the Gospel we shall here and there meet with some account of Miracles wrought which perhaps may not sute with all Palates Most Christians do allow that the first spreading of Christianity was wrought with the help of stupendious Wonders God so ordaining it for the convincing of the hardned Painyms who being carnally Educated could never be brought to comprehend the sacred Doctrine of Christ unless they had been convinced by the working of some supernatural Operations Most Christians I say do allow of this at least in the Infancy of Christianity and these I believe will not much reflect upon the credit of such as they shall here meet withal and for those pretended Christians who cry down all that is not suitable to their own Enthusiastick Notions it is not material whether they give credit to these things or not since many of them have had the prophane Impudence with sacrilegious Tongues and Pens to endeavour to abolish the use of the Lord's Prayer and Creed and it is no discredit for a Christian Author to be disesteemed by those who made so little account of Christ himself and his Apostles However I do not urge this to oblige the believing of all such miraculous Relations as shall occur in this History it will appear I am not over-fond of them my self Doubtless in all parts of the World God permitted Miracles to be wrought for his own Glory and for the Salvation of Souls but whether the same or in the same manner as they are here related is left to every one to believe or dis-believe at his pleasure To proceed there follows for some hundreds of years after the Redemption of Man a most obscure and uncertain account of what hapned not only in Portugal but throughout all Spain From the total Conquest made by Augustus till the coming of the Barbarous Goths Suevians Vandals Alans and the rest there was for the most part a continual Peace throughout Spain which being during that time a Province subject to the Empire either yielded no matter worth the Writing or else wanted Writers to transmit it to Posterity The barbarous Nations above mentioned were so far from the thoughts of recording their own Acts that their greatest care was to root out and destroy all Learning and Civility for which reason their History is transmitted to us so interrupted and imperfect that scarce any Connection can be found in it But when these Savage People by the receiving of Christianity had been somewhat Civilized and it might have been hoped the Clouds of ignorance would have been dispersed then their grievous Sins called upon them a heavy Judgment from Africk which was an inundation of Moors who in the space of eight Months overran all Spain destroying not only Books but all Monuments of Antiquity that were then remaining and driving the miserable Christians into Dens and Caves upon the Mountains whence afterwards issuing out they had so much continual employment for the Sword that none had time to perpetuate with the Pen what the Sword performed Hence followed such a profound ignorance in this Kingdom of Portugal the perpetual Wars taking away all thoughts of Learning that for many Years after it had Kings of its own yet it wanted Writers to perpetuate their Memory These are in short the defects of this History if they may be termed such since as we have said before there is none perfect in the World and those I think are sufficiently answered to satisfy such reasonable persons as will not expect impossibilities Of the Supplement it will be needless to add more than has been already said unless it be a word touching the conclusion of it and in relation to the account there given of the hard usage of the unfortunate King Alphonso Yet because I think as much has been said there as is requisite to justify what I have Written I will not tire the Reader 's patience only once for all assure him that nothing has been there Writ by me for Favour or Affection since I may rather expect to be condemned than rewarded for any thing that seems to vindicate that unhapy Prince I must confess I could not without Concern read a Book published here in the Year 1677. and Entituled The Portugal History Or a Relation of the Troubles that hapned in the Court of Portugal in the Years 1667. and 1668. For in that Treatise I find King Alphonso treated in so cruel a manner that it would afflict the hardest Heart that has any remorse or consideration for the Majesty of Kings It was not the imprisoning and dethroning of that poor Prince which was the hardest part of his Misfortunes this Book I mentioned and others like it have yet gone farther by blasting his Memory to posterity and representing of him as a Monster rather than a Man These enormities I have laboured the best I could to rectify by giving the truest Character of that Prince I could and the most impartial account of his Misfortunes In this part I have made use of other impartial Authors and also of authentick informations from such persons as knew that King and were Witnesses to the whole contrivance of his Deposition and Imprisonment Thus much may suffice to inform not to prepossess the Reader All Books that appear in publick are exposed to Censure and few or none escape it even the best are not exempted and therefore I cannot hope this should But let it take its Chance there are sundry sorts of tasts among Men what one likes another loaths and even so it falls out in Books some Men extoll and others cry them down this cannot be so unfortunate as not to please some body Those who like it will have their reward in pleasing themselves and such as are disgusted with it will have no recompence for their Dissatisfaction THE HISTORY OF PORTUGAL The First BOOK CHAP. I. Of the Dispersion of the People after the Deluge The Coming of Tubal into Spain His Life Death and Burial The Succession of Iberus Jubalda Brigus Tagus Gerion and his Sons AFter the World had suffered the just Punishment of its Guilt in the Universal Deluge Noah's Flood the Wrath of Heaven being appeased and the Elements restored to their first Harmony the Ark that for the space of a Year had preserved in its Boâ—els the Hopes of the Propagation of Human Kind 〈◊〉 vast Ocean of the over-flowed Earth at length 〈◊〉 on the top of the famous Mount Ararat in Armeniâ—â— Noah coming out offered Sacrifice to GOD to incliâ—e him to bestow new Bounties and Mercies upon him Hâ—ving received a Promise he descended from that 〈…〉 Heighth to a Plain called Sennaar at that time covered with Carcases in horrid Scene