name_v st._n john_n and_o st._n mark_n 4._o cracovia_n in_o lesser_n poland_n once_o the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n a_o wealthy_a and_o well-peopled_n city_n site_v likewise_o upon_o the_o weysel_n in_o it_o be_v remarkable_a a_o academy_n of_o great_a renown_n found_v by_o king_n casimir_n the_o first_o and_o supply_v at_o first_o with_o professor_n from_o the_o sorbonne_n of_o paris_n 2._o the_o castle_n build_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o a_o great_a compass_n and_o of_o great_a state_n and_o magnificence_n although_o outward_o it_o appear_v rough_a and_o disproportion_v the_o cathedral_n be_v enclose_v within_o it_o this_o city_n by_o way_n of_o excellence_n be_v call_v the_o rome_n of_o poland_n and_o its_o university_n the_o daughter_n of_o that_o at_o paris_n the_o city_n of_o casimir_n be_v build_v on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o water_n and_o will_v hardly_o forget_v the_o swedish_n arms._n the_o jew_n city_n which_o be_v neighbour_n to_o it_o may_v for_o honour_n sake_n be_v call_v the_o principal_a and_o first_o street_n of_o hell_n it_o be_v so_o filthy_a etc._n etc._n not_o to_o mention_v vilna_n in_o lithuania_n and_o koningburgh_n in_o prussia_n both_o university_n dantzick_n and_o cracow_n make_v up_o four_o in_o this_o kingdom_n as_o for_o the_o other_o town_n as_o grandentz_n newamburg_n culmen_fw-la and_o the_o like_a they_o be_v mere_a name_n of_o city_n and_o nothing_o else_o pauperum_fw-la tabernae_n quatuor_fw-la aut_fw-la septem_fw-la si_fw-la sit_fw-la latissima_fw-la villa_n seven_o or_o eight_o house_n make_v a_o large_a town_n as_o to_o the_o people_n and_o their_o manner_n the_o gentleman_n be_v extraordinary_a large_a and_o strong_a of_o body_n and_o will_v skilful_o manage_v a_o shabel_n or_o scymiter_n be_v well_o skilled_a in_o foreign_a language_n be_v liberal_a giver_n good_a cavalier_n and_o good_a catholic_n on_o the_o contrary_a and_o the_o reverse_n of_o the_o medal_n they_o be_v much_o brutal_n superstitious_a fierce_a and_o proud_a and_o sacrifice_n to_o their_o own_o approbation_n of_o thing_n and_o acknowledge_v no_o sovereign_n but_o their_o liberty_n from_o whence_o have_v proceed_v those_o mischief_n which_o they_o have_v often_o suffer_v more_o mediate_o from_o the_o tartar_n and_o muscovite_n and_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o late_a king_n of_o sweden_n bring_v they_o to_o the_o utmost_a degree_n of_o extremity_n follow_v with_o no_o more_o than_o 40._o thousand_o man_n when_o as_o the_o pole_n be_v able_a to_o bring_v a_o 100000._o horse_n into_o the_o field_n this_o happen_v by_o that_o small_a power_n and_o authority_n which_o be_v allow_v the_o king_n and_o that_o little_a good_a intelligence_n that_o be_v maintain_v between_o their_o general_n and_o the_o division_n and_o revolt_n of_o their_o troop_n a_o apprentice_n a_o novice_n will_v be_v think_v a_o master_n and_o a_o simple_a gentleman_n who_o never_o see_v a_o battle_n prerogative_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n chief_a prerogative_n but_o in_o picture_n will_v not_o want_v of_o confidence_n and_o presumption_n to_o believe_v of_o himself_o because_o he_o be_v bear_v a_o gentleman_n that_o he_o be_v able_a at_o the_o first_o essay_n to_o manage_v and_o conduct_v the_o force_n of_o a_o empire_n and_o in_o effect_n private_a gentleman_n be_v so_o frequent_o raise_v to_o place_n of_o the_o great_a office_n and_o command_n which_o be_v the_o fair_a flower_n of_o this_o king_n prerogative_n and_o be_v legal_o vest_v in_o he_o as_o the_o fountain_n of_o honour_n that_o every_o man_n think_v himself_o of_o merit_n and_o capacity_n enough_o for_o the_o great_a employment_n beside_o they_o hold_v themselves_o all_o equal_a in_o blood_n and_o have_v the_o same_o voice_n in_o their_o diet_n and_o assembly_n the_o same_o privilege_n right_n and_o franchise_n their_o riches_n only_o distinguish_v they_o one_o from_o the_o other_o these_o gentleman_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v bind_v to_o serve_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n which_o they_o do_v general_o on_o horseback_n gallant_o furnish_v and_o attire_v in_o cassock_n and_o garnish_v with_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o variety_n of_o other_o colour_n they_o also_o adorn_v themselves_o with_o eagle_n plume_n the_o skin_n of_o leopard_n and_o bear_n with_o many_o banner_n and_o particoloured_a ensign_n which_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n and_o strike_v terror_n but_o sometime_o covetous_a desire_n into_o their_o enemy_n and_o most_o a_o end_n they_o carry_v like_o the_o philosopher_n all_o they_o have_v about_o they_o it_o be_v reckon_v that_o poland_n after_o this_o manner_n can_v raise_v a_o 100_o lithuania_n 70._o thousand_o horse_n but_o not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o pole_n who_o best_o be_v very_o small_a yet_o nimble_a and_o far_o more_o courageous_a than_o the_o dutch._n in_o this_o cavalry_n consist_v of_o gentleman_n and_o their_o servant_n with_o their_o auxiliary_n as_o the_o circassion_n the_o cossack_n they_o be_v so_o confident_a that_o they_o slight_v all_o fortification_n unless_o frontier_n and_o for_o the_o country_n be_v all_o champion_n be_v most_o and_o only_o fit_a for_o that_o service_n the_o foot_n they_o have_v be_v borrow_v of_o the_o hungarian_n and_o german_n and_o for_o camp_n drudgery_n as_o pioner_n etc._n etc._n they_o use_v tartar_n their_o slave_n of_o priest_n there_o be_v great_a store_n in_o this_o country_n and_o they_o hold_v in_o good_a esteem_n and_o veneration_n of_o merchant_n there_o be_v very_o few_o scarce_o worth_a mention_v but_o of_o all_o man_n the_o boor_n and_o peasant_n be_v the_o most_o miserable_a for_o they_o possess_v nor_o enjoy_v a_o farthing_n and_o be_v mere_a vassal_n to_o their_o lord_n which_o treat_v and_o use_v they_o with_o all_o the_o rigour_n and_o tyranny_n in_o the_o world_n a_o gentleman_n in_o a_o slight_a matter_n among_o his_o domestics_n and_o clown_n have_v and_o do_v exercise_v the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n the_o government_n represent_v rather_o a_o aristocracy_n than_o a_o monarchy_n and_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o medium_n betwixt_o both_o or_o both_o together_o it_o be_v monarchical_a in_o that_o it_o acknowledge_v one_o supremacy_n and_o king_n it_o be_v aristocratical_a because_o the_o king_n be_v not_o a_o absolute_a prince_n to_o do_v what_o he_o please_v and_o because_o the_o nobility_n who_o have_v also_o the_o great_a authority_n in_o the_o diet_n do_v elect_a he_o they_o have_v neither_o law_n nor_o statute_n nor_o form_n of_o government_n write_v but_o it_o be_v all_o by_o tradition_n as_o by_o mere_a custom_n from_o the_o death_n of_o one_o prince_n to_o the_o election_n of_o another_o the_o supreme_a authority_n reside_v in_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gesne_n who_o be_v always_o precedent_n of_o the_o council_n appoint_v the_o diet_n rule_v the_o senate_n and_o proclaim_v the_o new_a elect_v king_n before_o king_n stephen_n time_n who_o erect_v new_a bishop_n palatine_n and_o castellanes_n in_o livonia_n there_o be_v but_o 14._o bishop_n 28._o palatine_n and_o 70._o of_o the_o chief_a castellane_n that_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n who_o be_v rector_n senatus_n sed_fw-la regnantis_fw-la ruler_n of_o a_o reign_a senate_n whereby_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o comport_v with_o they_o in_o these_o thing_n follow_v in_o any_o affair_n of_o importance_n the_o king_n by_o his_o chancellor_n send_v letter_n to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n and_o palatine_n which_o be_v call_v instruction_n be_v literae_fw-la letter_n of_o instruction_n because_o they_o contain_v the_o account_n of_o that_o business_n which_o his_o majesty_n will_v propose_v to_o they_o at_o the_o diet_n and_o therein_o appoint_v they_o the_o time_n of_o their_o meeting_n these_o letter_n be_v receive_v every_o senator_n examine_v the_o particular_a quality_n nature_n and_o consequence_n of_o the_o proposition_n to_o which_o he_o have_v free_a liberty_n to_o answer_v negative_o or_o affirmative_o and_o as_o he_o judge_v best_o either_o for_o the_o public_a good_a or_o his_o particular_a advantage_n the_o king_n also_o send_v his_o letter_n to_o the_o respective_a palatinate_n the_o nobility_n whereof_o present_o assemble_v together_o to_o choose_v a_o nuncio_n as_o they_o call_v it_o that_o be_v a_o person_n of_o merit_n and_o sufficiency_n to_o be_v their_o speaker_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o that_o palatinate_n be_v to_o bring_v thing_n to_o a_o universal_a consent_n and_o accommodation_n for_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v that_o any_o single_a gentleman_n shall_v dissent_v from_o what_o this_o assembly_n have_v conclude_v there_o be_v no_o further_o proceed_v to_o be_v have_v the_o nuncio_n must_v not_o depart_v to_o the_o diet_n nor_o that_o province_n have_v any_o voice_n or_o interest_n among_o the_o state_n general_n when_o the_o provincial_a assembly_n be_v finish_v by_o the_o time_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n majesty_n the_o senator_n and_o the_o nunioes_n come_v
and_o hospitable_a to_o stranger_n the_o people_n general_o thrifty_a and_o diligent_a in_o their_o calling_n and_o of_o very_o good_a converse_n and_o civility_n the_o religion_n be_v altogether_o lutheran_n but_o the_o bishop_n have_v more_o authority_n and_o better_a maintenance_n here_o than_o in_o sweden_n but_o i_o know_v not_o what_o they_o do_v for_o a_o metropolitan_a since_o the_o archi-episcopal_a see_v of_o londen_n in_o schonen_fw-mi which_o be_v the_o primacy_n of_o denmark_n be_v assign_v to_o the_o swede_n in_o elder_a time_n this_o church_n depend_v upon_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n and_o then_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n which_o be_v in_o use_n till_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n be_v style_v the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n but_o that_o dependence_n be_v remove_v to_o london_n above_o 500_o year_n since_o and_o whether_o it_o will_v be_v remove_v now_o be_v uncertain_a the_o strength_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v most_o naval_a the_o dane_n prove_v better_a water_n than_o land_n soldier_n and_o more_o affect_v the_o employment_n yet_o of_o modern_a time_n they_o have_v dare_v also_o by_o land_n their_o conquest_n of_o sweden_n be_v not_o above_o 300._o year_n ago_o not_o to_o mention_v their_o old_a conquest_n with_o we_o in_o 1628._o they_o enterprise_v upon_o the_o emperor_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o germany_n of_o which_o as_o duke_n of_o holstein_n he_o be_v a_o free_a prince_n although_o unfortunate_o nevertheless_o the_o enemy_n can_v not_o but_o acknowledge_v the_o gallantry_n of_o king_n christiern_n and_o deal_v with_o he_o according_o since_o which_o time_n they_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v at_o quiet_a till_o the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o polish_v war_n invite_v this_o king_n frederick_n the_o 3d._n to_o revenge_v the_o injurious_a violence_n do_v to_o his_o country_n of_o holstein_n by_o the_o swede_n in_o 1643._o and_o 4._o which_o be_v act_v partly_o by_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o dutch_a who_o perceive_v the_o dane_n screw_v up_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o toll_n money_n in_o the_o sound_n for_o which_o by_o a_o old_a treaty_n those_o netherlands_o be_v to_o pay_v but_o a_o rose-noble_a for_o every_o ship_n without_o search_v or_o visit_v and_o this_o be_v pay_v because_o of_o the_o light_n tun_n and_o mark_v at_o sea_n keep_v and_o maintain_v by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n which_o payment_n from_o the_o time_n of_o their_o separation_n from_o spain_n he_o have_v raise_v at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n search_v the_o ship_n and_o seize_v the_o good_n under_o pretence_n of_o contrebanda_n or_o prohibit_v merchandise_n by_o a_o league_n make_v in_o 1640._o with_o the_o swede_n they_o insinuate_v this_o grievance_n which_o also_o offend_v that_o queen_n subject_n so_o that_o in_o conclusion_n the_o dane_n betwixt_o the_o swede_n land_n force_v and_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o dutch_a fleet_n be_v force_v to_o a_o new_a agreement_n with_o the_o hollander_n at_o a_o set_v easy_a rate_n for_o the_o toll_n which_o afterward_o in_o 1650._o have_v make_v the_o like_a defensive_a league_n with_o the_o dane_n they_o farm_a at_o 140000._o piece_n of_o 8._o per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o some_o term_n with_o a_o proviso_n and_o caution_n of_o not_o be_v search_v for_o any_o good_n the_o master_n only_o declare_v what_o they_o be_v to_o return_v to_o a_o account_n of_o his_o force_n they_o may_v be_v thus_o compute_v first_o such_o as_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v bind_v to_o raise_v for_o the_o public_a service_n which_o be_v a_o considerable_a number_n and_o second_o what_o the_o people_n furnish_v upon_o such_o occasion_n and_o these_o have_v former_o amount_v to_o great_a army_n but_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v now_o exhaust_v and_o it_o be_v yet_o able_a to_o do_v little_a the_o precede_a discourse_n lead_v i_o to_o consider_v of_o this_o king_n revenue_n which_o chief_o consist_v in_o his_o toll_n upon_o ship_n aforesaid_a for_o he_o make_v little_a of_o his_o own_o custom_n fish_n be_v his_o great_a commodity_n and_o no_o great_a port_n of_o trade_n in_o all_o his_o realm_n which_o have_v fall_v much_o since_o his_o late_a agreement_n with_o the_o dutch_a who_o have_v the_o sole_a trade_n here_o almost_o and_o more_o by_o the_o northern_a passage_n to_o russia_n find_v out_o many_o year_n since_o he_o have_v also_o a_o toll_n of_o 50000._o ox_n which_o go_v yearly_o out_o of_o north_n jutland_n into_o germany_n by_o holstein_n but_o the_o duke_n now_o receive_v that_o at_o his_o toll-house_n erect_v at_o his_o residence_n of_o gottorp_n there_o be_v also_o some_o crown_n land_n but_o they_o do_v not_o amount_v to_o any_o considerable_a revenue_n the_o interest_n of_o denmark_n be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o disoblige_v the_o emperor_n as_o his_o sure_a friend_n against_o the_o swede_n nor_o the_o hollander_n unless_o upon_o insolent_a encroachment_n against_o which_o he_o have_v the_o king_n of_o england_n his_o near_a ally_n to_o a_o sure_a friend_n and_o defence_n to_o watch_v and_o keep_v fair_a with_o the_o swede_n his_o constant_a and_o natural_a enemy_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n to_o keep_v the_o russian_a always_o enjealousy_v of_o their_o greatness_n to_o be_v at_o league_n with_o all_o the_o german_a prince_n and_o make_v his_o interest_n as_o strong_a with_o they_o as_o be_v possible_a to_o be_v perpetual_o confaederated_a with_o the_o pole_n offensive_o and_o defensive_o and_o so_o to_o cherish_v the_o french_a king_n friendship_n as_o to_o keep_v he_o a_o neuter_n betwixt_o the_o swede_n and_o himself_o last_o to_o love_v and_o respect_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n above_o all_o other_o friendship_n whatsoever_o with_o other_o prince_n than_o these_o he_o have_v no_o concern_v only_o a_o civil_a correspondence_n with_o spain_n and_o portugal_n in_o point_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n what_o he_o can_v do_v against_o the_o turk_n or_o what_o supply_v he_o can_v give_v the_o emperor_n may_v appear_v by_o the_o precede_a discourse_n the_o late_a war_n have_v utter_o disable_v he_o so_o that_o beside_o his_o good_a will_n and_o his_o prayer_n he_o can_v no_o way_n advantage_v the_o christian_a cause_n without_o much_o despoyl_n and_o injure_v himself_o which_o that_o occasion_n can_v expect_v and_o perchance_o will_v not_o need_v and_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o turk_n take_v his_o resolution_n of_o the_o late_a invasion_n from_o the_o embarassement_n and_o difference_n between_o these_o two_o northern_a king_n in_o which_o the_o emperor_n the_o pole_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v so_o far_o engage_v so_o that_o have_v suffer_v sufficient_o and_o he_o be_v the_o only_a loser_n upon_o that_o account_n he_o may_v well_o be_v excuse_v and_o so_o we_o pass_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o holstein_n holstein_n this_o duchy_n of_o holstein_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o survey_n of_o germany_n of_o which_o this_o duke_n be_v a_o prince_n although_o he_o never_o come_v to_o the_o imperial_a diet_n nor_o be_v subject_n to_o any_o imposition_n or_o tax_n lay_v upon_o the_o empire_n only_o in_o case_n of_o appeal_n some_o cause_n have_v be_v carry_v to_o the_o rix-chamber_n at_o spiers_n which_o be_v now_o discontinue_v because_o of_o its_o former_a dependence_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n to_o which_o it_o be_v annex_v some_o age_n since_o by_o the_o election_n of_o christopher_n count_n of_o oldenburgh_n heir_n to_o adolph_n last_o duke_n hereof_o and_o have_v remain_v as_o the_o title_n and_o posseson_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n or_o the_o young_a brother_n of_o the_o say_a crown_n we_o will_v not_o disjoin_a it_o from_o this_o entire_a view_n of_o both_o together_o it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o the_o cimbrick_n chersoness_n or_o the_o peninsula_n make_v by_o the_o baltique_a sea_n on_o the_o german_a shore_n and_o be_v divide_v from_o the_o danish_a province_n of_o jutland_n by_o the_o river_n eydore_n it_o contain_v four_o province_n viz._n heagerland_n in_o west_n near_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o fall_n of_o two_o river_n lubeck_n be_v seat_v a_o famous_a hanse_fw-mi town_n neat_o build_v and_o well_o trade_v but_o of_o more_o estimation_n in_o former_a time_n 2_o stormarsh_n whereupon_o the_o elbe_n stand_v hamburgh_n another_o hanse_n town_n and_o of_o late_o more_o fame_v than_o lubeck_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o english_a staple_n of_o cloth_n for_o its_o greatness_n of_o commerce_n 3_o ditmarsh_n and_o 4_o holstein_n proper_o so_o call_v the_o whole_a peninsula_n be_v but_o 75_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o 60_o in_o breadth_n with_o the_o 2_o jutlands_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n so_o that_o this_o duchy_n can_v be_v repute_v of_o little_a force_n although_o it_o consist_v of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o wall_a city_n and_o town_n and_o be_v very_o
the_o original_n of_o so_o many_o great_a city_n and_o good_a town_n in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o those_o most_o common_o seat_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o rivers_n and_o although_o it_o have_v many_o goodly_a havens_n yet_o the_o upland_n town_n be_v fair_a and_o rich_a than_o those_o that_o stand_v near_o the_o sea_n marseilles_n except_v which_o argue_v their_o wealth_n to_o be_v their_o own_o and_o not_o bring_v from_o foreign_a country_n for_o there_o the_o sea_n town_n excel_v those_o of_o the_o land_n as_o genoa_n venice_n ragula_n but_o where_o the_o prosperity_n of_o city_n depend_v whole_o upon_o the_o land_n there_o it_o be_v otherwise_o as_o in_o milan_n nurenberg_n and_o most_o of_o the_o town_n of_o germany_n flanders_n and_o hungary_n all_o this_o notwithstanding_o although_o almost_o like_o goodness_n of_o soil_n be_v proper_a to_o the_o whole_a realm_n of_o france_n as_o likewise_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o river_n commodious_a yet_o paris_n except_v who_o largeness_n proceed_v from_o the_o king_n court_n the_o parliament_n and_o the_o university_n the_o town_n there_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n but_o small_a and_o mean_a yet_o beautiful_a commodious_a and_o very_o populous_a so_o that_o in_o a_o description_n of_o the_o number_n of_o this_o people_n write_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o 9th_o it_o be_v assert_v that_o the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n exceed_v 15._o million_o and_o as_o the_o city_n and_o town_n in_o france_n may_v boast_v of_o their_o river_n so_o the_o castle_n and_o village_n of_o nobleman_n be_v no_o less_o pleasure_v and_o favour_v with_o the_o pleasure_n and_o strength_n of_o lake_n and_o marsh_n which_o although_o they_o may_v not_o be_v compare_v to_o those_o of_o italy_n and_o switzerland_n yet_o be_v they_o so_o many_o and_o so_o fall_v of_o excellent_a fish_n that_o the_o number_n of_o the_o one_o may_n aequal_a the_o largeness_n of_o the_o other_o the_o same_o may_v be_v speak_v of_o wood_n not_o so_o well_o as_o thick_o grow_v out_o of_o those_o wood_n in_o time_n past_o the_o king_n revenue_n do_v arise_v and_o the_o nobleman_n do_v make_v great_a profit_n by_o sell_v great_a quantity_n thereof_o for_o firewood_n but_o great_a by_o sale_n of_o timber_n tree_n which_o they_o use_v for_o want_v of_o stone_n in_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o building_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o commodious_a situation_n and_o current_n of_o these_o river_n serve_v so_o fit_o for_o the_o transportation_n of_o victual_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o this_o kingdom_n be_v so_o abundant_o furnish_v with_o all_o plenty_n of_o provision_n that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o nourish_v a_o army_n in_o the_o field_n how_o multitudinous_a soever_o when_o charles_n the_o 5_o enter_v france_n first_o by_o provence_n and_o afterward_o by_o champaign_n it_o maintain_v one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o soldier_n beside_o the_o ord_n nary_a garrison_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o 9th_o and_o since_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o league_n a_o great_a number_n there_o be_v maintain_v in_o this_o kingdom_n 20000._o horse_n 30000._o footman_n stranger_n and_z of_o french_z 25000._o horse_n and_o 100000._o foot_n beside_o this_o plenty_n there_o be_v enough_o to_o spare_v be_v four_o way_n or_o lodestone_n to_o draw_v riches_n from_o foreign_a nation_n 1._o corn_n carry_v into_o spain_n and_o portugal_n 2._o wine_n transport_v into_o england_n scotland_n the_o low_a country_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o baltique_a sea_n together_o with_o salt_n wherewith_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o the_o border_a nation_n be_v plentiful_o store_v this_o salt_n be_v make_v in_o provence_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o at_o brovage_n in_o xaintong_v where_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n cease_v his_o virtue_n of_o make_v get_v and_o boil_a salt_n of_o sea_n water_n not_o dare_v to_o yield_v so_o great_a a_o favour_n any_o far_a northward_o i_o mean_v of_o sea_n water_n because_o further_a north_n there_o be_v salt_n find_v also_o but_o make_v either_o of_o some_o special_a spring_n water_n as_o in_o lorraine_n or_o compound_v of_o some_o mineral_n mix_v with_o fresh_a water_n as_o in_o poland_n england_n germany_n or_o else_o take_v forth_o of_o some_o salt_n mine_n as_o be_v once_o in_o sweveland_n but_o of_o this_o merchandise_n of_o salt_n something_o more_o shall_v be_v say_v hereafter_o the_o 4._o and_o last_o commodity_n be_v canvas_n and_o linen_n cloth_n whereof_o what_o profit_n arise_v be_v hardly_o credible_a to_o those_o who_o have_v not_o make_v a_o inspection_n into_o it_o what_o abundance_n thereof_o be_v carry_v into_o spain_n and_o portugal_n and_o england_n and_o holland_n also_o to_o make_v sail_n for_o the_o furnish_n of_o ship_n there_o grow_v also_o woad_n saffron_n and_o other_o merchandise_n of_o small_a value_n which_o though_o they_o arise_v not_o to_o equalise_v the_o abovesaid_a commodity_n yet_o they_o arise_v to_o a_o competent_a sum_n so_o that_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n use_v to_o say_v that_o france_n be_v a_o continual_a flourish_a meadow_n which_o the_o king_n do_v mow_v as_o oft_o as_o he_o list_v and_o foreigner_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o maximilian_n the_o emperor_n who_o character_v the_o several_a prince_n and_o subject_n of_o europe_n call_v he_o rex_fw-la asinorum_fw-la for_o the_o continual_a burden_n and_o pressure_n he_o lay_v upon_o his_o people_n so_o that_o in_o normandy_n the_o peasant_n wear_v wooden_a shoe_n and_o neither_o eat_v nor_o drink_v flesh_n wine_n or_o beer_n throughout_o the_o year_n have_v intimate_v before_o that_o we_o shall_v not_o travel_v this_o country_n for_o that_o it_o be_v so_o general_o know_v we_o will_v survey_v only_o those_o place_n that_o be_v of_o modern_a concernment_n omit_v therefore_o the_o name_n of_o some_o eminent_a place_n which_o have_v give_v title_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n as_o valois_n bourbon_n which_o aspect_n the_o history_n but_o be_v far_o deducible_a and_o suppose_v to_o be_v general_o know_v here_o also_o to_o pass_v by_o the_o sabique_a law_n which_o admit_v no_o female_a to_o a_o sceptre_n under_o pretence_n whereof_o our_o edward_n the_o 3d._n be_v put_v from_o his_o title_n to_o france_n by_o philip_n the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o house_n of_o valois_n we_o will_v mention_v only_o three_o place_n which_o of_o all_o the_o member_n and_o province_n of_o france_n keep_v themselves_o yet_o distinct_a and_o absolute_a sovereignty_n notwithstanding_o that_o the_o french_a king_n in_o all_o time_n endeavour_v the_o union_n of_o the_o like_a parcel_n to_o the_o crown_n witness_v the_o duchy_n of_o britain_n of_o some_o late_a age_n and_o now_o the_o principality_n of_o aurange_a the_o county_n of_o venascine_n or_o the_o papal_a jurisdiction_n of_o avignon_n and_o last_o the_o duchy_n of_o nivernois_n all_o which_o be_v total_o exempt_a from_o any_o dependence_n on_o the_o crown_n the_o principality_n of_o orange_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o county_n of_o provence_n as_o do_v avignion_n be_v tributary_n thereto_o and_o make_v 2_o part_n of_o 3_o the_o other_o be_v for_o many_o year_n in_o the_o king_n possession_n by_o the_o resignation_n of_o the_o last_o earl_n of_o provence_n who_o die_v issue-less_a and_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o aix_n this_o principality_n be_v once_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o noble_a family_n of_o chaalon_n who_o have_v it_o in_o marriage_n with_o a_o heir_n general_n and_o obtain_v the_o absolute_a sovereignty_n thereof_o from_o the_o earl_n of_o province_n with_o the_o privilege_n of_o coin_v and_o all_o other_o royalty_n add_v to_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o orange_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n to_o this_o family_n succeed_v the_o house_n of_o nassaw_n by_o their_o marriage_n of_o the_o heir_n general_n likewise_o about_o the_o year_n 1500._o in_o which_o house_n it_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v without_o any_o disturbance_n until_o the_o year_n 1660._o in_o the_o beginning_n whereof_o the_o cardinal_n mazarine_n see_v the_o restitution_n of_o our_o government_n resolve_v to_o seize_v it_o into_o the_o french_a king_n hand_n before_o any_o stop_n may_v be_v put_v to_o his_o proceed_n by_o our_o king_n intervention_n and_o according_o by_o menace_n to_o the_o count_n of_o dhona_n the_o governor_n and_o other_o artifices_fw-la upon_o pretence_n of_o misdemeanour_n and_o outrage_n commit_v by_o those_o protestant_a people_n upon_o their_o catholic_a neighbour_n to_o the_o endanger_v the_o peace_n by_o a_o treaty_n manage_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr jure_fw-la millet_n the_o king_n commissioner_n possess_v himself_o of_o the_o town_n castle_n and_o principality_n upon_o condition_n to_o render_v it_o with_o all_o the_o store_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o prince_n at_o his_o majority_n or_o in_o case_n of_o his_o decease_n to_o the_o
accrument_n of_o felicity_n by_o the_o marriage_n of_o frederick_n the_o 5_o nephew_n to_o prince_n maurice_n by_o his_o sister_n lovisa_n marry_v to_o frederick_n the_o four_o with_o our_o princess_n elizabeth_n daughter_n of_o king_n james_n some_o time_n before_o and_o his_o investiture_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n by_o the_o election_n of_o those_o state_n who_o indeed_o by_o the_o concession_n of_o many_o prince_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n themselves_o letter_n reversate_a they_o call_v they_o and_o by_o their_o own_o custom_n and_o privilege_n have_v right_o thereunto_o but_o the_o choice_n and_o acceptation_n thereof_o be_v not_o so_o free_a and_o voluntary_a on_o his_o part_n for_o that_o some_o affront_n be_v like_a to_o be_v put_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o chamber_n of_o spire_n who_o be_v ready_a to_o proceed_v to_o sentence_n against_o he_o for_o his_o demolish_n udenheim_n which_o the_o bishop_n of_o spires_n who_o town_n it_o be_v be_v then_o a_o fortify_v which_o spinola_n afterward_o take_v in_o hand_n and_o finish_v and_o call_v it_o philipsburg_n now_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o french_a the_o reader_n be_v here_o to_o understand_v that_o in_o this_o low_a palatinate_n there_o be_v several_a famous_a imperial_a town_n and_o bishopric_n as_o worm_n spires_n although_o feudatory_n for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n to_o the_o prince_n elector_n no_o soon_o be_v the_o palatine_a king_n of_o bohemia_n but_o the_o war_n begin_v to_o flame_n in_o germany_n portend_v by_o a_o fearful_a comet_n in_o 1618._o in_o the_o first_o battle_n whereof_o at_o prague_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n assist_v by_o bethlem_n gabor_n transylvanian_n and_o hungarian_n be_v total_o rout_v by_o count_n bucquoy_n the_o young_a prince_n of_o anhalt_n slay_v a_o great_a slaughter_n make_v and_o prague_n soon_o after_o take_v this_o battle_n be_v fight_v on_o the_o 5_o of_o november_n 1620._o and_o thereupon_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v then_o call_v flee_v to_o breslaw_n in_o silesia_n where_o he_o secure_v himself_o commit_v the_o care_n of_o his_o estate_n to_o the_o marquis_n of_o anspach_n who_o be_v general_n of_o the_o confederate_a protestant_a prince_n but_o be_v corrupt_v by_o spinola_n gold_n who_o be_v send_v for_o out_o of_o the_o low_a country_n to_o attaque_fw-la the_o palatinate_n base_o sell_v it_o and_o the_o prince_n interest_n by_o which_o mean_v spinola_n short_o after_o reduce_v manheim_n and_o frankendale_n garrison_v by_o the_o english_a but_o hopeless_a of_o relief_n soon_o after_o king_n frederick_n withdraw_v into_o holland_n expect_v some_o new_a undertake_v of_o his_o quarrel_n and_o the_o protestant_a interest_n of_o which_o ferdinand_n the_o second_o emperor_n be_v a_o most_o violent_a and_o bitter_a enemy_n and_o here_o he_o hear_v the_o issue_n of_o the_o danish_a war_n more_o to_o his_o disadvantage_n till_o the_o swede_n enter_v germany_n when_o he_o follow_v that_o king_n and_o be_v by_o he_o upon_o some_o hard_a term_n restore_v to_o his_o estate_n which_o he_o enjoy_v not_o long_o decease_a at_o mentz_n november_n 29._o 1632._o but_o soon_o after_o his_o death_n and_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o lutzen_n the_o imperialist_n overran_a the_o country_n again_o have_v rout_v and_o break_v the_o swedish_n power_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o nordlingen_n and_o although_o some_o effort_n be_v make_v by_o prince_n rupert_n with_o some_o force_n out_o of_o holland_n in_o which_o service_n my_o lord_n craven_a and_o other_o english_a gentleman_n be_v engage_v yet_o be_v they_o final_o vanquish_v and_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o hardly_o put_v to_o it_o by_o swim_v to_o make_v their_o escape_n so_o that_o the_o country_n continue_v sequester_v from_o the_o young_a prince_n elector_n till_o the_o treaty_n at_o munster_n by_o which_o he_o be_v restore_v to_o the_o low_a palatinate_n and_o make_v a_o 8_o elector_n with_o the_o office_n of_o arch-treasurer_n for_o that_o his_o former_a electoral_a office_n together_o with_o all_o the_o appurtenance_n of_o it_o and_o the_o county_n of_o cham_n beside_o be_v confer_v upon_o his_o counn_n of_o bavaria_n of_o the_o gulielmin_n line_n this_o be_v the_o elder_a and_o call_v the_o rodulphin_n but_o the_o young_a be_v far_o more_o rich_a and_o powerful_a and_o the_o great_a enemy_n to_o the_o other_o this_o dignity_n and_o estate_n be_v give_v the_o bavarian_a for_o his_o assistance_n of_o the_o emperor_n with_o man_n and_o money_n in_o this_o war._n by_o the_o same_o treaty_n the_o emperor_n be_v likewise_o to_o give_v the_o elector_n young_a brother_n and_o sister_n their_o portion_n in_o ready_a money_n which_o pro_fw-la benevolo_fw-la caesareo_fw-la affectu_fw-la in_o domum_fw-la palatinam_fw-la as_o the_o word_n run_v he_o do_v assent_v to_o and_o punctual_o pay_v and_o perform_v this_o prince_n now_o quiet_o enjoy_v what_o he_o have_v by_o that_o treaty_n and_o have_v be_v high_o carress_v by_o the_o present_a emperor_n he_o have_v marry_v a_o daughter_n of_o the_o house_n of_o hassia_n between_o which_o family_n and_o his_o there_o have_v be_v frequent_a march_n as_o to_o his_o interest_n it_o lie_v in_o a_o general_a peace_n and_o amity_n with_o all_o prince_n but_o especial_o with_o the_o emperor_n and_o next_o the_o protestant_a party_n and_o principal_o those_o of_o the_o calvinian_a way_n which_o be_v the_o religion_n profess_v in_o his_o country_n and_o of_o which_o he_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o head_n in_o europe_n his_o alliance_n lead_v he_o to_o respect_v the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o denmark_n and_o this_o king_n of_o sweden_n father_n be_v bear_v of_o his_o aunt_n the_o family_n of_o nassaw_n and_o he_o be_v likewise_o near_o in_o blood_n his_o grandmother_n be_v the_o sister_n of_o prince_n maurice_n and_o daughter_n of_o prince_n william_n so_o that_o he_o stand_v secure_a and_o may_v in_o time_n repair_v his_o fortune_n against_o the_o turk_n he_o be_v at_o his_o proportionable_a charge_n assess_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o dier_n we_o come_v next_o to_o a_o brief_a view_n of_o the_o upper_a palatinate_n transfert_v with_o the_o county_n of_o cham_n to_o the_o house_n of_o bavaria_n who_o duke_n ludovicus_n emperor_n also_o of_o germany_n upon_o the_o partition_n of_o estate_n resign_v it_o for_o ever_o some_o age_n since_o to_o rodulphus_fw-la his_o elder_a brother_n who_o in_o right_a of_o his_o mother_n gertrude_n the_o daughter_n and_o sole_a heir_n of_o henry_n count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n be_v invest_v in_o all_o those_o dominion_n and_o dignity_n in_o this_o province_n be_v seat_v newburg_n the_o title_n of_o the_o second_o branch_n of_o the_o house_n palatine_n and_o duke_n of_o cleve_n in_o share_n with_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n here_o be_v also_o the_o city_n of_o noremberg_n famous_a for_o its_o rate_n workmanship_n a_o fine_a and_o beautiful_a town_n yet_o no_o river_n near_o it_o but_o the_o curious_a industry_n of_o the_o people_n supply_v that_o defect_n the_o country_n very_o near_o as_o big_a as_o the_o low_a but_o nothing_o so_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a be_v chief_o mountainous_a and_o barren_a except_o in_o mine_n of_o iron_n and_o some_o of_o siver_z one_o of_o which_o be_v very_o considerable_a so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a retrenchment_n and_o dismember_n of_o the_o palatine_a patrimony_n but_o what_o can_v be_v cure_v must_v be_v endure_v and_o so_o we_o pass_v to_o bavaria_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o upper_a palatinate_n bavaria_n 8._o bavaria_n on_o the_o west_n with_o schwaben_n and_o on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o austria_n tirol_n and_o carinthia_n divide_v into_o three_o part_n the_o high_a the_o low_a and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o saltzburg_n a_o district_n and_o distinct_a jurisdiction_n of_o its_o self_n the_o country_n general_o overspread_v with_o wood_n and_o cold_a and_o barren_a 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not_o find_v a_o school_n to_o instruct_v their_o youth_n or_o themselves_o in_o any_o thing_n civil_a or_o religious_a in_o this_o condition_n lie_v macedon_n epirus_n achaia_n peloponnesus_n thrace_n and_o its_o chersonese_n 1._o macedon_n which_o have_v albania_n on_o the_o west_n epirus_n and_o achaia_n on_o the_o south_n the_o aegean_a sea_n on_o the_o east_n and_o the_o upper_a mysia_n on_o the_o north._n and_o whether_o you_o respect_v thessaly_n macedon_n special_o so_o call_v or_o migdonia_n or_o jamboli_n be_v most_o happy_o situate_v be_v make_v up_o of_o fertile_a valley_n amid_o most_o pleasant_a hill_n all_o command_v by_o that_o one_o city_n of_o all_o that_o remain_v of_o the_o strong_a fortress_n of_o the_o eastern_a empire_n on_o the_o border_n of_o albania_n whence_o the_o turk_n may_v overrun_v it_o when_o he_o will_n only_o i_o shall_v think_v the_o 6000._o priest_n upon_o mount_n athos_n the_o mount_n of_o st._n basil_n for_o there_o be_v none_o but_o priest_n 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province_n of_o holland_n etc._n etc._n these_o country_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n with_o the_o german_a ocean_n on_o the_o east_n with_o part_n of_o germany_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o flanders_n etc._n etc._n they_o be_v once_o under_o several_a lord_n and_o state-holders_n who_o by_o the_o power_n and_o their_o interest_n with_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n make_v themselves_o absolute_a from_o who_o by_o the_o marriage_n of_o their_o heir_n general_n they_o devolve_v at_o last_o into_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o daughter_n convey_v they_o to_o maximilian_n archduke_n of_o austria_n by_o his_o grandson_n charles_n the_o 5_o they_o be_v design_v to_o be_v make_v with_o the_o other_o ten_o province_n one_o entire_a kingdom_n but_o the_o discrepancy_n of_o their_o law_n and_o custom_n and_o the_o irreconcilable_a contrariety_n thereof_o make_v he_o give_v over_o that_o resolution_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 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subsist_v come_v next_o under_o a_o brief_a consideration_n the_o first_o of_o they_o be_v that_o they_o shall_v continue_v inseparable_o unite_v nor_o shall_v act_v distinct_o in_o the_o common_a affair_n 2._o the_o right_n privilege_n and_o franchise_n etc._n etc._n of_o each_o particular_a province_n shall_v be_v continue_v inviolate_a 3._o they_o shall_v strennuous_o assist_v one_o another_o and_o if_o any_o difference_n arise_v between_o two_o place_n they_o shall_v submit_v to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o justice_n and_o shall_v attempt_v nothing_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o one_o another_o 4._o they_o shall_v mutual_o aid_v and_o defend_v one_o another_o against_o the_o arm_n of_o spain_n and_o shall_v sympathize_v with_o one_o another_o loss_n 5._o the_o new_a fortress_n shall_v be_v make_v at_o the_o common_a charge_n but_o the_o frontier_n at_o the_o particular_a charge_n of_o each_o province_n 6._o peace_n war_n or_o truce_n not_o to_o be_v make_v without_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n and_o people_n 7._o liberty_n of_o conscience_n shall_v be_v allow_v 8._o all_o care_n shall_v be_v use_v by_o each_o particular_a province_n and_o all_o of_o they_o in_o general_a that_o they_o give_v no_o cause_n of_o quarrel_n or_o offence_n whereby_o they_o shall_v become_v engage_v in_o any_o other_o war_n than_o that_o of_o spain_n these_o be_v the_o original_n of_o this_o republic_n and_o the_o fundamental_a law_n thereof_o we_o will_v now_o see_v the_o practice_n and_o execution_n of_o they_o in_o the_o administration_n and_o the_o policy_n of_o the_o government_n 1._o every_o city_n of_o these_o unite_a province_n acknowledge_v its_o particular_a magistrate_n the_o provincial_a magistrate_n and_o the_o college_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o states-general_n by_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n be_v understand_v the_o counsellor_n who_o total_a number_n be_v forty_o which_o be_v pay_v for_o their_o service_n and_o hold_v their_o place_n for_o life_n because_o they_o may_v act_v free_o without_o those_o resentment_n of_o a_o future_a private_a condition_n these_o deliberate_a of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o province_n and_o inspect_n and_o choose_v all_o other_o magistrate_n and_o be_v in_o effect_n the_o people_n servant_n as_o they_o will_v sometime_o taunt_v they_o the_o burgo-master_n and_o sheriff_n together_o with_o a_o bailie_n who_o judge_v absolute_o in_o criminal_a cause_n but_o he_o hold_v his_o place_n not_o long_o than_o durante_fw-la placito_fw-la of_o the_o council_n of_o the_o city_n the_o provincial_a magistracy_n be_v compose_v of_o a_o counsellor_n of_o every_o city_n of_o the_o province_n who_o office_n be_v to_o conserve_v its_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n to_o this_o court_n there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n from_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o sheriff_n court_n the_o college_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o lord_n state_n general_n be_v constitute_v of_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o provincial_a council_n these_o make_v the_o alliance_n and_o treaty_n or_o