Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	call_v	great_a	river_n	9,026	5	7.1511	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A29001	New experiments and observations touching cold, or, An experimental history of cold begun to which are added an examen of antiperistasis and an examen of Mr. Hobs's doctrine about cold / by the Honorable Robert Boyle ... ; whereunto is annexed An account of freezing, brought in to the Royal Society by the learned Dr. C. Merret ...	Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691.; Merret, Christopher, 1614-1695. Account of freezing.	1665 (1665)	Wing B3996; ESTC R16750	359,023	1,010

fires shining in the night sometimes in one place sometimes in another which were suppos'd to be kindled by the sulphurous and other subterraneous exhalations and that when they perceiv'd those fires especially if any number appear'd in several places those that were well acquainted with the coast would not continue long out at Sea but rather quit an opportunity of catching Fish then not make seasonably to the shore having often observed and particularly this last year that bold and unexperienced Mariners by slighting these forerunners of storms were in few hours shipwrack'd by them 48. To this I shall add what happened some years since upon the Irish coast near a strong Fortress called Duncannon where divers of the ships Royal of England lying at anchor in a place where they apprehended no danger from the wind there seem'd suddenly to ascend out of the water not far from them a black cloud in shape and bigness not much unlike a Barrel which mounting upwards was not long after follow'd as the most experienced Pilot foretold so hideous a storm as forc'd those ships to go to Sea again and had like to have cast them away in it And this account was both written by the principal officers of the Squadron to their superiors in England and given soon after it happened by the chief of those eye-witnesses and particularly by the Pilot to a very near kinsman of mine well vers'd in Maritine affairs that commanded the land forces in those parts as a truth no less known then memorable 49. And on occasion of what I was saying about the eruption of hot steams in several parts of the Earth I now call to mind something that I have met with in a very small but curious Dissertation De admirandis Hungariae aquis whose Anonymous Author I gather from some passages in the Tract it self to have been a Nobleman Governor of Saros and some other places in Hungary and to have written this discourse both for and to that inquisitive German Baron Sigis mundus Liber famous for the account he gave the world of the Ambassy whereon he was sent by the German to the Russian Emperor This Anonymous but noble writer tells us then that in that part of Hungary which he calls Comitatus Zoliensis there is a gaping piece of ground which does emit such mortal exspirations that they suffocate not only Cats and Dogs purposely held at the end of long poles over the cleft but kill even Birds that attempt to fly over it And in other places of the same Tract I have met with many other relations which if I had time to make a particular mention of would much countenance what I have been lately saying but though I pretermit several other instances I cannot but take especial notice of one which together with what I lately mention'd to have happened near Duncannon may make it probable that not only under the surface of the dry ground but in that part of the Terrestrial Globe that is covered with water there may arise streams and consequently Exhalations actually and that considerably hot For in one place he takes notice that not far from the well known City of Buda there is a hot Spring which they call Purgatory which the waters of Danubius it self are not able to keep from being hot nay within the very Banks betwixt which that great River runs there boil up hot Srings where those that will go deep enough into the water may commodiously bath themselves And elsewhere speaking of the River Istrogranum in the same County he adds That not only the Banks of it but within the very River it self one may discover hot Springs by removing the Sand at the bottom with ones feet To this I shall add That having heard of a Ditch in the North of England in some regards more strange though less famous then the sulphureous Grotta near Naples whence not only subterraneal steams but those so sulphureous as to be easily Inflamable did constantly and plentifully ascend into the Air I had the curiosity to make inquiry about it of the Minister of the place a very learned Man and conversant in Mines who then happened to be my neighbour and he attested the truth of the relation upon his own knowledge And it was confirm'd to me by a very ingenious Gentleman who went purposely to visit this place and found it true That a lighted Candle or some such actually burning body being held where this Exhalation issued out of the Earth would kindle it and make it actually flame for a good while and if I misremember not as long as one pleas'd And as this place was but few years since taken notice of so there may be probably very many others yet undiscovered that may supply the Air with store of Mineral exhalations proper to generate fiery Meteors and Winds I remember that having lately ask'd an inquisitive Gentleman that is a great searcher after Mines whether he did not observe some meteors near those places where he is most conversant he told me that 't is very usual in some of them to see certain great fires moving in the Air which in those places diggers because of some resemblance real or imaginary are wont to call Draggons And the Russian Emperors Physician you were speaking of inform'd me a while since that he had not long ago observ'd in Winter a River in Muscovy where though the rest of the surface was frozen there was a part of it near a mile long that remain'd uncovered with ice which probably was kept from being generated there by those subterraneous Exhalations since he says he saw them ascend up all the way like the smoak of an Oven And in case the matter of fact delivered by Olaus Magnus be true concerning the strange thaws that sometimes happen with terrible noises in the great Lake Veter those wonderful Phaenomena may not improbably be ascrib'd to the ascent of great store of hot subterraneal steams which suddenly cracking the thick and solid ice in many places at once produce the hideous Noises and the hasty Thaw that he speaks of And this suspicion may be countenanced partly by this circumstance that before these sudden thaws the Lake begins with great noise to boil at the bottom and partly by what is related by a more Authentick writer I mean that learned Traveller the Jesuite Martinius who witnesses that at Peking the royal City of China 't is very usual that after the Rivers and Ponds have continued hard frozen over during the Winter the Thaw is made in one day which since the freezing of the waters as he tells us required many makes it very probable That the sudden thaw is effected as he also inclines to think by subterraneal steams which I may well suppose to be exceeding copious and to diffuse themselves every way to a very great extent since they are able so soon to thaw the Rivers and Ponds of a large Territory and

to treat in this place of Winds in general and much more to examine the several causes of winds that are assign'd by several Authors and therefore when I have once given this intimation that divers of these opinions may be more easily reconcil'd then the maintainers of them seem to have thought to the Truth if not to one another The causes that may produce wind being so various that many of those propos'd may each of them in some cases be true though none of them in all cases be sufficient having hinted this I say it may suffice on this occasion to subjoyn three or four observations to prove and illustrate the matter of fact delivered in the Proposition And first 't is a known Observation in these parts of the world that Northerly and Northeasterly winds do at all times of the year bring cold along with them and commonly if it be Winter Frost And here in England I have sometimes wondred at the power of the winds to bring not only sudden Frosts but sudden Thaws when the frost was expected to be setled and durable which yet seems to hold commonly but not without exception For during one of the considerablest Fits of Frost and Snow that I have taken notice of in England I remember that I observed not without some wonder that the Wind was many days Southerly unless it may be said That this Southerly Wind was but the Return of a stream of Northerly Wind which had blown for many days before and might by some obstacles and agents not here to be inquir'd after be made to wheel about or recoyl hither before it had lost the greatest portion of the refrigerating Corpuscles it consisted of before The formerly mention'd Prosper Alpinus attributes strange things to the Northerly wind that blows in Aegypt as to the cooling and refreshing the Air in spight of the violent 〈◊〉 that would otherwise be 〈◊〉 And many in Egypt ascribe to the Aetesian Winds that almost miraculous ceasing of the Plague at Grand Cairo of which we elsewhere speak Dominatur autem aer says he summè calidus ipsius caeli ut dictum est ratione quod haec civitas 〈◊〉 Tropico Cancri tantum 6. gradibus distet Quâ brevi inter-capedine dum sol ad illum accedit Tropicum illorum Zenith fit propinquior aer ille valdè incalescit nisi Aetesiae venti tunc à septentrione spirarent vehementissimus qui vix à nostris perferri possit caloris aestus sentiretur Advenae nostri iis provenientibus ad subterranea loca confugiunt in quibus morantur quousque ille ventorum ardor residerit atque cessaverit Conjunxit haec incommoda Deus Optimus cum aliis quibusdam bonis nam ubi calidissimi illi venti conticuere statim à Septentrione flare alii incipiunt qui subitaneum inflammatis atque laxatis corporibus solatium praestant Si enim illi diu perseveraverint nemo in eâ regione vivere possit Whence winds should have this power to change the Constitution of the Air and especially to bring cold along with them is not so easie to be determin'd Indeed the other Qualities and even the heat that is observable in winds may for the most part be probably enough deriv'd from the Qualities of the places by which they pass Of this we have already given an example or two in the passages lately mention'd And it may be further confirm'd by what Acosta says that he himself saw in some parts of the Indies namely That the Iron Grates were so rusted and consumed by a peculiar wind that pressing the mettal between your fingers it would be dissolv'd and crumbled as if it had been Hay or 〈◊〉 Straw And this Learned Traveller who seems to have taken peculiar notice of the winds affords us in divers places of his Book several Examples to confirm what we were saying though he take not the nature of the regions along which the wind blows to be alone in all cases a sufficient Cause of their Qualities of which yet we shall now mention but these two memorable passages In a small distance says he you shall see in one wind many diversities For example the Solanus or Eastern wind is commonly hot and troublesome in Spain and in Murria it is the coldest and healthfullest that is for that it passeth by the Orchards and that large Champiane which we see very fresh In Carthagene which is not far from thence the same wind is troublesome and unwholsome The Meridi●nal which they of the Ocean call South and those of the Mediterranean Sea Mezo Giorno commonly is rainy and boisterous and in the same City whereof I speak it is wholsome and pleasant And in his Description of Peru speaking of the South and South-west he affirms that this wind yet in this region is marvellous pleasing But though as we were saying many other Qualities of winds may be deduc'd from the Nature and Condition of the places by which they pass And though the heat also which Prosper Alpinus as we lately took notice attributes to the Southerly winds that blow in Egypt may be probably ascrib'd to the heated Exhalations and vapours they bring from the Southern and parched Regions they blow over yet whence the great coldness of Northern and Easterly winds should come may be scrupled at by many of the modern Philosophers who with divers Cartesians will not admit that there are any Corpuscles of Cold. And possibly I could about these matters propose some other difficulties not so easie to be resolved But not being now to discuss the Hypothesis about Cold I think it will be more proper in this place instead of entring upon disputes and Speculations to subjoyn an Experiment that I made to give some light about this matter Considering then that I had not met with any Trial of the Nature of that I am about to mention and that such a Trial might possibly prove Luciferous I caused a pretty large pair of ordinary Bellows to be kept a good while in the Room where the Experiment was to be made that it might receive the Temperature of the Air in that Chamber then placing upon a board one of those flat Bottom'd Weather-glasses that I elsewhere describe to contain a movable drop of pendulous water by blowing at several times with intermissions upon the bubble or lower end of the Weather-glass though the wind blown against my hand were as to sense very manifestly cold yet it did not cool the air included in the Bubble but rather a little warm'd it as appear'd by a small but sensible ascension of the pendulous drop each time that after some interpos'd rest the lower part of the glass was blown upon which seem'd to proceed from some small alteration towards warmth that the air received by its stay though short in the Bellows as seem'd deducible from hence that if by closely covering the Clack the matter were so ordered