Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	call_v	great_a	river_n	9,026	5	7.1511	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A20492	The surueye of the vvorld, or situation of the earth, so muche as is inhabited Comprysing briefely the generall partes thereof, with the names both new and olde, of the principal countries, kingdoms, peoples, cities, towns, portes, promontories, hils, woods, mountains, valleyes, riuers and fountains therin conteyned. Also of seas, with their clyffes, reaches, turnings, elbows, quicksands, rocks, flattes, shelues and shoares. A work very necessary and delectable for students of geographie, saylers, and others. First vvritten in Greeke by Dionise Alexandrine, and novv englished by Thomas Twine, Gentl.; Orbis terrae descriptio. English	Dionysius, Periegetes.; Twyne, Thomas, 1543-1613.	1572 (1572)	STC 6901; ESTC S112016	35,765	93

the Ocean and almost extreme in temperature But ouer against them wher the Blemij inhabite there riseth an hill whereout Nilus runneth and so foorth procéedyng eastward toward the Aethiopes is termed of them Syrus Afterward running into Egypte when it is come to the citie Syena is first called Nilus by the inhabitants there From thence it rūneth into the north and at length diuideth it selfe into many partes and floweth into the sea with seuen streames ouerflowing al Egypt by the waye and replenishing it with greate and wonderfull fertilitie And truely there is no one riuer in that part of the world comparable with that eyther in widenesse plentie of water or other cōmodities This same is the boūd whiche parteth halfe Affrike from Asie leauing Affrike on the southe syde and Asie on the Easte This is the same Egypt which hath always brought forth notable men of sundrie and incomparable wits For as antiquitic doth recorde the Egyptians were the firste men and they first prescribed the fourme and discipline of life and manners who first also found out the vse of the plough plowing of the lande and sowing of the séede The same were they whiche firste tooke the measure of Heauen with an instrument and inuented the oblyque course of the Sunne and Moone in the Zodiacke and whiche firste founde out this knowledge of Cosmographi● whereby the countrie hath deserued no smal commendation Besides all this there is no lande whiche surpasseth it in plentie of all things eyther in aboundance of herbage and corne or in greatnesse or beautie of building The fourme whereof is caused by the lying of the sides for it is br●●de and wyde towardes the Northe but narower in the East butteth forth ●●opewise to the Syenes and intrenched wyth two hilles betwéene whome Nylus runneth This is the same Egypt whiche in tymes past ● nourished vp so many noble and 〈…〉 so many puissant princes and that chiefe is in whome stoode that moste auncient citie Thebes with hi● hundred gates Wher it is also sayde that Memnon the wyse king was went to salute his mother Aurora Which nourisheth also them whiche inhabited the Inlande Heptapolis and those which do dwell on the coast of the south sea toward the marish Serbonis where on the west lyeth the most famous citie sometyme founded by Alexander king of Macedoma called Alexandria And where that wōderful temple of Iupiter of Sinopita ▪ standeth ▪ much spoken of and hery ●●●●ou●●y builded with m●●● preci●●se metals of al kinds Touching this citie it is constantly adnouched that there is none in the earth of more excellencie none more worthy admiration none richer or more happy for all things Where also the goodly high ●ops of Pallenis ▪ from whence ●●uellers commyng a farre of● may be espied be di 〈…〉 nere the rockye Hills 〈…〉 the Towne Peleus is erected whose inhabitaunts ●●e s● experte in the arte of sayling that ●● the other people of Libya they be reputed rather Gods than men These dwell aboute the mouth of seuenfolde Nilus There be moreouer many other peoples and nations diuersly dispersed ●● that countrey wherof some be caste back as it were to the Oceane sheare ●●●●e dwell within the lād replenishing ●●s same with many excellent faire buildings Diuerse a●● inhabite the shoare of the lake Triton whiche runneth also through the middest of Libya into the sea The Situation of Europe HEreafter ensueth the situation of Europe whiche differeth not muche in forme from Libya but that it bendeth a litle to the north and likewise retourneth againe and ioyneth to the ende of South Libya and butte bothe in one ●●nner sorte on Asie the one reaching foorthe to the extreame parte of the North the other to the South But to speake more plainly howe it lyeth it is so that at the head it séemeth sharpe poynted lyke the pointe of a triangle waxing alwayes narrower towards the West and encreasing in widnesse much in the East By vnderstanding whereof we shall y better perceyue what bounds it hath howe farre they stretche and what dominions and countries it cōte●neth Wherefore I will begin at the ●●per side which reacheth forth to Hercules pillers where firste of all the Hiberi dwell a people very proude high minded Nexte towards the Northe are the Britannes then the Germanes whose bodyes are white and faire and naturally giuen to warres possessing the countrye nexte to the forest Equinus And not farre off Boia appeareth both large and wyde so called of the lykenesse it hathe to an Oxe hyde So tourning to the mounts Pirrhenaei towards the floud Eridanus the Celtae inhabite where as fables testifye the sisters Heliades beeing oppressed with immoderate sorowe for the death of their brother Phaeton continued so long in wéeping that so con●i●●●ed with heauinesse they were all conuerted into a precious kynde of A●●er trées still sheading teares Which ●●ares are often and diligently wyped away by the Celtae there dwelling and are turned into Amber lyke Golde and a● harde as a stone After ensueth Tyrrhenia at the Northe syde whereof the Alpes begin to arise forth whereof the Rhyne a greate and large streame issueth But before that I passe to Tyrrhenia I muste fyrste speake of the ryuer Rhenus or the Rhyne whether he passeth to the boundes of Europe The Rhyne therefore rysing as we haue sayde oute of the Alpes fyrste seuereth the Celtae from the Germans and runneth into the Northerne Oceane with a large chanell But before that he come ●ighe the Sea out of his springs he engendreth the riuer Ister amōg the Sueui which maketh all that cuntrie nauigable for trafike of marchandise This riuer Ister running toward the east is encreased with many other waters and so runneth forward fomie and misty nere Pe●ce through 〈…〉 ●ightie ch●●●●l● into the sea 〈…〉 the north it 〈…〉 ●iue 〈…〉 countries vntil● it ▪ 〈…〉 to the ●oot●● ▪ of fen●e Maeous ● For first it 〈…〉 the ▪ Germanes and after ●●●i●●th 〈…〉 Sarmatae now● 〈…〉 ●● p●sseth by the Ge●es and Bast●●●●s ▪ which●●●● towarde the O●ean● ▪ ● ▪ fulfilleth ▪ the country of Dacia with plentie 〈…〉 ningth roughe the mi●●●st of the Alani and T●uri gyueth ●●●sage for shippe● throughe the 〈…〉 lande 〈…〉 ●yche ●●u●● inhabiting that hye country ●o● ▪ time parte of 〈…〉 race possess● ▪ a na●o●● howbeit ●●o●g ▪ pi●●● of lande ▪ stretching to the ●●o●●●● the 〈…〉 whose ●eig●bour●s 〈…〉 the Alan● as ●e haue sayde 〈…〉 ●● 〈…〉 ●●●● with horses Vnt● t●●se ▪ 〈…〉 the ▪ Melan●●leni the H●ppemolo●i ▪ the Ne●●● ▪ the Hippopodes ▪ the Gelones ▪ and A●●●●●●si ▪ with moe in ●i●w● whe●●● of it is stra●nge to s●● howe that ▪ al● moste infinite of nations possesse that vtter parte of Europe from whence ▪ the ryuer Borystenes

and Eurotas doo séeme neyther of them to flowe oute of any sea but rather to spring out of the inner bowels of the earth Alpheus parteth the lande of the Clij Eurotas passeth through the Amyclaei In the middle of the Ilande in a valley at the foote of the hil Erimanthus dwel the Arcades From which hill Melas Crathia and Iaon thrée riuers do fall and also auncient Ladon Nexte vnto these are the Argiui and Lacones whose countreis lye one to the east an other to the southe The sides of this Isthmus as is well knowne are beaten with two seas one on the East parte an other on the West vntill it drawe nearer and narower aboute the places called Sacronida But in syghte of this same Isthmus called Pelopone●us and towarde the east syde thereof boundeth the noble kingdome of A●●ica the n●urce and mother of renoumed ●● and excellente witts whome the diuine water Ilisus passeth by where sometime as Poets do fable Boreas state away his louer Orithya There do the Boetes and the Locri inhabite After this Thessalia and Macedonia are discouered the●e where the snowye toppes of Emeus in Thracia may be séene Ouer directly against that towards the Weste Epirus Dodonea butteth foorth very long and large and so do the Aetolia towards the South through whose middle floweth the riuer Achelous with his siluer sands into the straytes of Tinacria deuiding the Ilands called Echinadae néere vnto the citties of the Cephalleni Eastward lyeth the countrey Phocis whiche stretcheth alōg to the North vnto the mouth of the Thermopylae vnder the toppe of snowy Parnaius Out of whose middle the riuer Zephisus runneth foorthe of a rocke féedeth the countrey nigh wyth perpetuall moysture Then followeth the lande Phiton wonderously abounding with diuerse ●● straunge●dori●erous fauours Where the Dragon of Delphos at Diotripodes lyeth slayne within the walles of the temple at this day horrible to be séene for multitude and greatnesse of scales Where Apollo as often as occasion serued hym to trauaile from the Iles of Miletum nowe Melasar or Clarum was wont to rest hymself and put off his golden quyuer And thus muche is sufficient to haue declared as briefly as we coulde the situation and countreyes of Europe and how the same lyeth in respect of other partes of the worlde Of the Ilands in Europe OVre purpose nowe is to intreate of the Ilands whiche be in Europe before y we come to any other part of the world to describe it which in widenesse contayneth almost the other twayne Wherefore to begin where Europe f●●●●e lifteth vp his head and Hercules pillers be erected and deuide Libya from other parts the Ocean running betwéene Gadira first cōmeth to hande For that being in times past possessed by the Phoenices which worshipped Hercules was called of them Gadira for before it was called not Gadira but Contimissa by the Hiberi Ne●te followe the Iles Gimnesiae the nearest whereof is called Bausus The other twain are called Baleares for stinging wherin the people there are much exercised Whereof the one and bigger nowe Mallorea hath in it the citie Tirracona nowe Tarragona the other and lesser now Menorca the citie Barcilona now Barchino lying to the North. Then followe Sardinia nowe Sardegne and néere to that Cirnus lying bothe almoste direct ouer against Ostia wherof the one which is Corsica standeth a great deale higher and is mere inacce●●ible enuironed partly with high and craggy clyffes and rockes partely with a mightie roughe wood bothe of them verie good for fruitfulnesse of soyle and plentie of dyuers commodities growing in the countrie Consequently there appeare certayne Ilandes standing rounde which beeing once in the hands of king Hippota which dwelte there a most friendly king vnto straungers were by him named Aeolides The same for the excellente vertues wherewith he was endued for be surmounted in godlinesse and curtefie was reported to haue obteyned of the gods that he shold not only be lord ouer those Ilands which are seuen in numbre but also be ruler of the winds where euer they blew on any nauigable sea These Ilāds also be called Plociae of the Greks But there is none nearer vnto these than Tinacria called also Sicilia standing in sight of Italy and defended with thrée famous promontories whereof one is called Pachynus nowe Cabo Pacino standing to the Easte and hath at the foote the noble citie Syracuse nowe Saragosa de Sicilia in foretime a greate and stout seate of tyrants The other is called Pelorus which standeth northerly and looketh to Italy to whome the cittie Messana now Missetia adioyneth The thirde promontorie is Lilybaeus arising against the surges of the west winde and sea where standeth also a cittie of the same name But as touching sayling from Pelorus which lyeth towardes Italy it is very daungerous and almost present death for the course is very narrow and crooked the sea kept within the straite not withoute greate force and violence for the streame is there swallowed vp in voyde and déepe caues which as some saye were made by Eonius and Neptunus and there roreth and rageth with moste horrible bellowings Forth of Sicilia Southerly is the passage into Lybia at the begynning of one of the Syrtes The other is quickly perceyued in looking toward the shoare of Italy In sight wherof we may espie two Ilands one Menix the other Gortina whiche are in maner of an hauen into Lybia In the elbowe of the sea Adriaticum at the left hande towardes Iapygium ryseth an Ilande wherein bicause Diomedes sometyme had buylded and possessed it was called of him Diomedea Whether as the fame goeth that valiant gentleman béeing driuen in a flaw by force of wind and tyde with certaine prisoners of the Hiberi continued there through the enticement of a wicked woman called Aegialaea Towarde the East afarre off is there a course open to the Ilands of Absyrtes where as reporte goeth certaine men whiche trauayled from Colchos brake in whyle they pursued Medea then running from them Néere vnto these the Lyburnides are planted And towarde the Southe behinde the crags of the Mounte Ceraunius there are certein Ilandes discouered which they call Amphraciae Ther is also Corcyra now Corfu to be séene a riche and plentyfull Iland the noble and renoumed kyngdome of aunciente Alcinous and néere neyghbour to Neritia in Ithaca a pleasaunt laye and countrey to Vlysses with diuers other lying here and there which the Riuer Achelous whyle hée passeth from Chalcis compasseth and watereth There bée many also towardes the Northe whereof Aegyla is one and Cythera an other and Caluaria and on the other syde towardes the Weaste Carpathos Also Creta nowe called Candia whyche lyeth not farre off a goodly Ilande and

gliding forth within a kenning of the Rammes browe directly ouer agaynst Cyane falleth into the sea Euxinum also Aldescus and Penticapes with great murmur and noyse fall down frō y hils Rhipae● whose streams running néere to the frosen sea for thither they run cary down with them an orient kind of metal halfe golde halfe amber in colour not vnlike to the purple glyttering beams of the moone whē the firste riseth they engender also the diamond This water also washeth the shore of the Agathi●●● whiche of the rest are most northerly but on the south side are the Gerrae and Norici also the Pannonij the Mysi and Thraces but the Mysi lie more to the north than the Thraces which dwell scattred here and there in a wyde countrie partely inhabiting the S●a coa●t of Propontis partely cast forth to ▪ Hellespontus and partly also to Agaeū where about the tops of Pallenae which floweth with hony the precious stome of gret price called Asterius doth grow nothing inferioure in shewe to a glyttering starre or a flaming fyre by 〈…〉 nt whereof it was ●o named moreouer there lye many other countries vnder this heauenly constitution ▪ or in this tract of the earth dwelling all nigh to Ister called also Danubius receyuing great commoditie by trauelling on the water whose names were superfluous to recite It remayneth therefore nowe that we speake of another part of Europe whyche lying foorthe in thr●● shoares reacheth forthe into the East whereof the Hiberi possesse parte the Greekes parte the Italians parte The furthermoste ●id● of Heberia lyeth to the Ocean there where one of the pillers is to be séene set in by Libes erected beneath the mounte Tartessus the countrie where about is verie rych and plentiful vnto whom the Cempsi be adherēt dwelling at the foote of the mountaynes Pyrrhenei Consequently we come to Italy whome a greate hie hill stretching forthe and cutting it through straight high in the middle and low on each side after the maner of the beame of a payre of balence cōpasseth in about round to y great beutifying wonderfull strengthning of the countrie There can no man that is skylful in building when be séeth it denie but that it was a maruellous piece of worke framed by Minerua for ornature and strengthe of the countrie béeing compassed therewyth as wyth a crowne The inhabitantes call it the hil Apoeninus which rysing at the Alpes whiche deuideth Lumbardie from Heluetia runneth forth towards the North as farre as y Sicilian ▪ Sea within which many countries peoples do dwell whose names I cannot easly rehearse But the first of them are Tyrrheni dwelling on the side whiche lyeth twixt Northe and West togither with the people Pelasgi which running into Italy out of Cylene ar reported to haue setled with the Tyrrheni in the same place Ne●te to these are the Latini a glorious kynde of people verie plentifull with goodnesse of soile and excellencie of wits through the myddle wherof the ryuer Tyberis runneth watering all the countrie aboute and is at length receyued into a calme bosome of the Sea at the towne called Hostia the heade and principall ryuer of al other deuiding the noble and mightie Citie Rome the chiefe sea and dwelling place of our kings and heade of all the worlde Then followeth Compania ▪ a pleasant countrie of other most plentiful where the temples of Parthenope are to be séene who as fame goth was friendly receyued out of that strayt sea ▪ Towards the south vnder the hil Serenis runneth the ryuer Silaris of Surrhentū now Sur●ento where the Lucani and Bretij dwell so far as Leucopetra from whence northerly by west somwhat the Locri be planted who long ago cōming forth of A●●ica into Italy being in loue with the plesantnesse of the coūtrie ioyned as is sayd in fellowship frendship with the people of that place building a citie there which they called after their owne name whose stock a● yet remaine th●near vnto y ryuer Alex ▪ Beyond them lythe Metapontini ▪ whose citie is now called Relie●● notsar off them the flourishing city Crotona now Cr●tone ▪ ●igh to the riuer Sarum wher the renouined temple of Iuno of Lacinia now Cabo do Colone is builded and vnfu●tunate Sybaris is reported to haue mourned bicause of Iupiters displeasure against hir citizens for vsing reprochfull wordes in the sacrifice of Alpheus ▪ But the Samnites are more within the land and the Marsi which in running are verie quicke of foote The Tarentini whose countrie nowe Taranto stand● nearer y shore possessing there a town founded in times past by destruction of the Amyclaei To whom ●oyn the Calabri of the stocke of Iapix reaching forth ▪ ●● Hyrus which lieth to the sea And the ●●● Adriaticum beginneth to increase ●● ▪ Aquilia now Algar castelium ▪ the citie ▪ of the Tergestini now Trieste ▪ lying at y extreme 〈…〉 but whē it turnet● eastward thēce first it li●keth the shore of the Liburni ▪ afterwarde beateth on all that countrie ▪ oppressed with great darknesse which lieth nigh 〈◊〉 so rūning to the shore of y Bulemei so●●nly stretcheth forth with a verie large ●hane● 〈…〉 y Illirici ▪ now Sc●auoni 〈…〉 y high mountain Ceraunij ▪ in which place are seene certaine ancient monuments after the maner of spires or pinacles set vp as is taught by Cadmus and Hermione his wife who béeing both come to extreame olde age departed thyther from Ismenus where they were transformed into serpents There is also séene in the same place an other straunge wōder For there be two pillers set directly eche againste other who so soone as any daunger approcheth the people dwellyng nigh do both méete whith suche violence as though they fought At the south a little on thys side Thracia and beyond Horitia a parte of Graecia that parte called Hellas entreth with an hard rising and a daungerous accesse by reason of two sharpe Seas Aegaeum and the straighte Siculum As also for two winds vnto whome it lyeth very bleate the Hesperian or Sicilian wynde whiche is West and the Southeaste whiche bloweth from the sea Aegaeum Hereafter ensueth Pelops Ilande called also Peloponesus nowe ●a Moren whiche differeth not much in forme from a Playn trée leafe For it is broad in the beginning and endeth with a sharp corner At the farthest poynt towards the north it resembleth a certain narowe Isthmus is as it were ioyned and fastened to Hellas and intrenched round on euery other side with the sea where on the west parte the lande Triphylis lyeth continually moystned with the plesant streames of the riuer Alpheus Whiche béeing as it were cut of by the waters Mes●enius

the moūt Taurus beginneth by litle to decrease towardes Pamphylia ▪ to change name béeing no longer called Taurus but Cragus where standeth also a town by the riuer Eurimedon y inhabitāts wherof do worship Venus do accustomably offer vnto hir the bloud of swine other beasts Ther folow other cities of Pāphilia as Corycus Pergae and Phaselis very much through blown with winds Amōg the thickest of whom towards the easte lye the Lycaones men also very fit for warre and well practised in shooting Whose neighbours are the Pi●idei whose principall cities be these Termesus Lyrbae and Selgae which they say was of aunciente time founded by the Amyclei From thence when towards the east the sea commeth in with a round reache like a circle all the lande that lyeth neare therto must neads also resemble the same shape for that cause it is not muche vnlike to the sea Euxinū In that nooke be the Cilices very farre into the East the aunciente records of antiquitie since our forefathers dayes called that place the straights of Asie That cuntrey is muche moystned with many riuers not all rysing there but comming from other places whereof there be thrée chiefe Pyramus Pinarius and Cydnus which only amōgst the rest rūning through y midst of Tharsus deuideth y citie with his cōfortable stream a citie most noble for beutiful buildings where they say lōg ago the famous horse Pegasus left his hoofe therof y citie was called Tharson ▪ And also where the report goth Bellerophō was cast down by him so departed to Iupiter whereby y place becā renoumed wher he had cōtinuedlōg before sequestred from all companie of man There are to be séen also many other cities of Cilicia standing here and there among whiche Lyrnessus is one and Malos by the sea side Diuers also there are which stande partely within the lande and partly on the shore The land Comogena is neare hereto and the cities of Syria nowe Suria a large countrie and wide reaching vnto the Sea but the side whiche lyeth to the West stretcheth to the foote of mount Casius Who so vnderstandeth wel the situation and fourme hereof with studie and diligence shall soone perceyue howe the other parts of Asie lye For the fourme thereof consisteth of foure angles the parte that lyeth easterly surmounteth the other in multitude We declared howe that all Asie was deuided into twayne and that it stretched forth to the mount Indus whiche is one of the boundes therof especially where it lyeth to the North and Nilus an other where it runneth to the west The Ocean standeth in steade of the rest whiche is called Indicus on what parte it loketh to the East and boundeth at south on the read sea called Mare Rubrum But Syrie wherof we speake but nowe béeing thrust as it were almost into the middes and bowels therof and touching the sea both at East and south hath within it that way many citties Which bicause it standeth lowe and is enclosed with two very high hilles Casius at the west side and Libanus at the east y inhabitaunts cal it in their tōgue a valley And bicause it séemed vnto thē more commodious and far more frutefull than any other for grasse corne and such like and easie to be passed vnto by ship many noble mē and such as were of great abilitie chose that place to dwel in building there citties townes and distinguishing them by diuers names For those which dwell more within the conunent land are by one name called Sirij But they whiche lye nigh the Sea side are Phoenices ▪ which in times pa●●e comming from the Erytheri are thought to haue bin the firste which assayed the Sea with shippe and inuented the trade of marchandise whereby men might be pronoked to conetousnesse and desire of riches And firste also which founde out the motions of the heuens and course of the starres with the supernall bodies by the excellencie of their witte and industrie These are the inhabitours of Ioppes now Iaffa Gaza and Elicides and which of long continuaunce haue possessed the fayre and aunciente citie Tyrus nowe Sur builded from the beginning Then they which founded the watry citie Byblon nowe Gae●a and windy Sidon now Sidoni vpon the banke of the calme riuer Bostrenus who possesse also Tripolis now Tripol de la Suria Orthosides and Marathon nowe Maugath and the noble citie Laodex nowe Lyche builded as they say by Neptunus where Daphne was weaned Also the people of Apamia within the mayne lande where the riuer Orontes nowe Tarfaro running towardes the Easte parteth Antiochia in twayne And generally all Syria is very riche and plentyfull abounding with corne and pasture for grazyng of cattell at whose inlande partes which are to the Southe moste adiacent lyeth the entrance to the sea Arabicum which washeth the shoares of both Arabia and Syria continually howbeit by little and little turning to the east approcheth the Elani where as the Arabes lye possessing a countrey of all other moste rythest and precious It standeth highe and is enuironed with two seas Persicum and Arabicum and lyeth also open vnto two wynds For the Arabicum requireth a Western wynd and Persicum an Easterne But that parte of Arabia whych lyeth to the east and south is washed also with the Red sea called Mare rubrum Of this countreye I wyll speake somewhat bycause it conteyneth many regions whose power and wealth all other doe wonder at and are amazed to beholde their greate store and abundaunce And I wyll not omitte that béeing verye muche delyghted with Sacrifice there is no one parte of all the countrey but dothe smelle of Parfume and Myrrhe and of soote smellyng Calamus whiche are caste into the fire to burne Who will not take it for an vndoubted truth that Iupiter being father to Dionysius tooke him foorth of his thinghe at the celebration of whose natiuitie he replenished the whole countrey with fragrant odoures And that those shéepe wherwith Arabia aboundeth obteyned that guift that while they were féeding they should be clad in thick and fine fléeses and the pondes and waters swarme with varietie and multitude of Fishes And that so many flocks of birds forsoke the deserte and came thither bringyng with thē boughs of precious Cinamom wherwith that coūtrey now is wonderfully stored Moreouer that this Dionysius after that he was borne and somewhat sprong vp wearing on the skinne of a yong Goate and hauing his lockes tressed vp with yuie and vine leaues his belly ful of good wine went wandering about all the countrey rather pouring foorth vnmeasurablye than bestowing moderatly great riches sowing golde like séede to bryng foorthe fruite which should neuer perish And for that cause all that region vntill this daye is thought to abound with such commodities that the very

hilles yeld forth gold and the Riuers siluer and theyr shores and bankes balme and soote herbes and the inhabitants be very rich and weare none other garments than of pure gold or fyne silke They whiche dwell vppon the browe of the hill Libanus the same be those which they call Nabathaei And those whiche ioyne to them Calbasii and Agrees and next the lande Chatramis whiche lyeth in sight of Persis But the Minaei and the Sabae lye on the redde sea shoare and the Cletabei nighe vnto them And these bée all the kingdomes and nations in Arabia whiche I supposed to be woorth memorie Howebeit ther be some more rude altogither without any fame and neyther for maners nor learning woorthie to be accompted among the Arabes For towardes the Weast and vttermoste syde of Arabia dwell a people called Erembi a roughe and wylde nation dwelling vppon the hilles and mountaynes and haue none other houses than dennes and ragged hollowe rockes going all naked and hauing no kind of felicitie or happinesse that aperteyneth to mā and being dryed vp with sharpnesse of liuing haue burned their skinne with blacke coloure And if there happen vnto them anye trouble they betake not themselues to armour not to their arrows not to their weapons as other do but like wilde and sauage beastes run through woods ouer hilles and dales not like the other Arabians whome nature hath indued wyth such and so many benefits But on the other side of Libanus which lyeth to the East there openeth another parte of Syria butting foorth to Sinopes now Sinopi which boundeth on the Sea coast In the midst whereof the Cappadoces mē truly who for the stoare of fine horses whiche they haue and continuall exercise of ryding theron do become therin very perfecte and singular The Assyrij lying to the sea do kepe the mouth of Thermodō Forth of whose hilles and chiefly to the north the noble riuer Euphrates breketh vp first falling from the mounte Armenus But when it hath continued a long time there running among the hilles of Assyria toward the south and afterward turning to the east washeth through the midst of Babylon and last of all licketh the citie Theredon and maketh hast into the sea Persicum And not far in the east the riuer Tigris floweth forth not altogither so big as Euphrates but incomparable swifte For it runneth so fast that in one day it riddeth so much grounde as any swifte man is able to runne ouer in seuen And so gliding forward not farre till he come into a plaine groūde where like as he were wery and willing to rest himselfe awhile gathereth togither into a rounde circle like a boule and there abideth whiche place the nigh dwellers call Thomitida Yet dothe hée not long continue so but rising as it were from sléepe and béeing ashamed of so muche idlenesse sodenly riseth vp and beginneth a great deale swifter course thā before The lād which lyeth betwene Euphrates and Tigris is called Mesopotamia of the Grecians nowe Halapia whyche is of suche sorte and nature that there is no sheapheard or grazer what euer he bée though he were of counsell with Pan the god of shepherds can in any parte fynde faulte with that countrey for goodnesse of pasture nor any planter iustly condemne the frutes whiche grow there wylde in the hedges and woods either for lacke of store varietie or pleasantnesse of verdure For there is suche plentie of all thing growing and suche abundaunce of herbes and floures that the country is accompted blessed and verye acceptable to the gods Also the countrey which is next lying to the north is very good and rich the Armenei possesse it which dwell in sight of Euphrates a people very stoute and hardie very expert in feates of chiualrie abounding in wealth and riches At the South stādeth Babylon of whom we haue spokē which as histories do report Semiramis the queene of the Medi whē she had cōquered the whole countrie being delited with the pleasantnesse of the place enuironed it with an vnpregnable wal within the toures forts of the citie builded strong and warlike houses wrought curiously with fyne gold siluer and Iuorie the countrey is right noble and frutefull It bringeth foorthe dates sweter than are in any other place It hath also in it the stone called Berillus more precious than golde whiche groweth chiefly about the top of the hill Ophietis But aboue Babylon towards the north dwell a people called Cissi And neare vnto them the Massabateae Chalonitae About the hilles Armeni towards the East lye the Tempea whiche are plesant woods wyth waters running through them of the Medi wherof they at north are called Geli and the Mardi and Atrapatini are there at hande And at the south side who euer of the Medi at any time florished do dwell there or that procured thēselues empyre or founded citties For they say that these descended of the noble family of Heriona a famous gentlewoman and daughter to Osta the good king Howbeit she is not cleare without spot for she slewe hir sonne Pandion ▪ wyth strong poyson at the shoare of the riuer Illisius hir owne selfe For whyche facte béeing verye much ashamed she ran from thence priuily and came into that countrey which is called now by hir name being not far from Colchis and neuer durste returne home agayne to beholde hir Parentes wéeping eyes whose wrathe she muche feared Wherefore the people there vntyll thys daye are muche enclined to Magicke Witchcrafte and Sorcerie The countrie is verie large and hath in it manye Hilles and Mountaynes wherein the precious stone Narcissites is found being somwhat of colour and hauing vaines in it lyke an Iuie leafe But some chose rather the plain to dwel in being delyghted with pleasant pastures and flockes of cattell whiche reacheth forthe vntill we come to the gatès Caspiae whiche loke to the East and lying beneath vnder the high Mountains doe open the passage for trauellers into the Northe and South For at the one side lyeth the way Hircana on the other the Mounts of Persia vnder whose féete dwell the Parthi a warlike nation ànd verie experte in shooting of whome I thinke it not amysse to say somewhat for they are such as neuer learned to dig or plowe the ground or otherwise to til it nor yet to passe by Sea into any other countrie or to get any thing by trafique of marchandise Neyther is there any among them that followeth or féedeth any heardes of cattell But so soone as euer they be of any yeares eyther they take a bowe in hand and learne to shoote or else they practise running on foote or horsebacke vntill they become maruellous readie therein For that countrie is alwayes ratling and crackling with Dartes broken launces or strokes of arrowes There is also continually

¶ The Surueye of the VVorld or Situation of the Earth so muche as is inhabited Comprysing briefely the generall partes thereof with the names both new and olde of the principal Countries Kingdoms Peoples Cities Towns Portes Promontories Hils Woods Mountains Valleyes Riuers and Fountains therin conteyned Also of Seas with their Clyffes Reaches Turnings Elbows Quick sands Rocks Flattes Shelues and Shoares A work very necessary and delectable for students of Geographie Saylers and others First vvritten in Greeke by Dionise Alexandrine and novv englished by THOMAS TWINE GENTL ¶ Jmprinted at London by Henrie Bynneman Anno. 1572. ¶ To the ryghte worshipful master William Louelace Esquire Serieant at Law Tho. Twine wisheth health long lyfe with dayly vauntage of woorship BEnefits boūtifully receyued make thankefull heartes alvvays to thinke on requitall vvhervvith hauing bin so plentifully indued at your handes right vvoorshipfull as none more farre beyonde deserte hovvbeit accordyng to youre peculiar custome of curtesie to all men although to me I confesse in more ample vvyse extended I haue beaten my braynes in contriuing some deuise vvherin I myght yelde you thankes and after my simple sorte make you parte of a recompense VVhich purpose of myne by no other meanes beeing able to accomplishe neuerthelesse I iudged it not conuenient in any poynt to quayle vvherin I might declare my good vvil but am novv so hardy as to present your vvorship vvith Dionysius a vvorthie gentleman of Alexandria vvhose noble vvorke of the Situation of the habitable VVorlde I haue put of late into English requiring most humbly youre friendly acceptation and patronage of the same VVhereof I do partly already assure my selfe recompting youre vvorships accustomable fauour vvhereby you are moste curteously prouoked not only to the aduauncing of learning and suche as seeme to haue any small tast therin but also of other vertues and commendable qualities hauyng professed youre selfe a refuge and rampier vnto tvvo sorts of people I meane the godly and poore as your dayly and late practises do testifie And partely for that I haue marked for vvhat great benefits hovve small or none the recompences are vvhich you haue receyued VVherfore being my selfe a lyke disabled detter I craue but acquittaunce for semblable payment to vvit your curtesie in vvell accepting that vvhiche an heart fraught vvith good vvil of dutie offereth vvhich is altogither the thing that I looke for in this behalfe Doubting not but you shall receyue singular delight in the reading hereof vvhen vacant leysure from vveightier affaires shal licence you and I therby shall be the more emboldened to enterprise the like attempt if God permitte me grace and lyfe Leauing thus any farther to trouble you vvith my dutiful cōmendations and daily intercession to the Almyghtie for the happie estate of your vvorship and the good gentlevvoman mistresse Mary Louelace your louing vvyfe At London the .xv. day of May. ANNO. M. D. LXXII Your worships most bounden THOMAS TVVYNE To the frendly Reader IF nowe by my meanes friendly Reader yet in thy behalfe Dionisius may be vnderstood in english as I iudge and hope thou canst not be therat offended It is long sythence he wrote in the Greeke tongue and hath bin translated into Latine of late yeares by dyuers In whose commendation if he had needed other than hys owne purchased by iust deserte since he firste wrote I wold not haue wanted to haue done my endeuoure But for so muche as he is accompted of all antiquitie the olde writer for compendiousnesse and breuity in that he tooke in hand sufficiēt it shal be in prayse or authoritie to haue yealded to him his owne no more Whiche what it is read Plinie and there vnderstand howe that the author of this woorke beeing borne in Alexandria a citie in Eegypt descended of a moste noble familie abounding in great welth authoritie wrote not only this woorke whiche wee haue interpreted The Surueye of the habitable Worlde in Hexameter verses beeing as yet but very yong but also many other both lerned and eloquēt Who afterward resorting to the courte of Rome was sent by Augustus the Emperour to surueye report the state situation of cuntries in the east parts of the worlde when his eldest sonne was vpon expedition into Armenia to the Parthians and Arabians What shall I say that ther haue bin many other worthy men of that name who haue bē supposed to be the authors of this boke howbeit falsly in my opinion as by farther discourse at this present not necessarie I could declare In my trāslation I trust I haue obserued all requisite cōditions expressing so well as I coulde the intent of the Authour And for thy commoditie adioyning to the names of coūtreys and other places in olde tyme frequented the vsuall names also wherby they are knowne by all trauailers at this day not omitting of certaine woordes whiche were alwayes Latine and so vsed to make them Englishe for orders sake not knowing any cause to the contrarye As bycause out of Europa wee terme commonly Europe so lykewyse to say for Asia Asie and for Africa Afrike with suche lyke what euer Accepte this the trauaile of vs both thankfully and if thou receiue any plesure or commoditie therby then haue I for my part atteyned to my desire Fare you vvell ¶ A generall diuision of the Earth in to three partes THe whole Earthe béeing compassed almoste rounde wyth the Ocean Sea lyke a great Ilande yet is not altogither roūd lyke a boule but ryseth somewhat on bothe sydes towardes the course of the Sunne and maketh semblance of a certain mistie cloude This earth although it be one notwithstanding our ancients deuided it into thrée wherof they called one Lybia sometyme subdued by Libes or Aphrica bycause it is without sharpnesse of colde An other Europa of a lost woman And the thirde Asia greater than the other twayne Lybia is seuered from Europe on the one side by y shore Gaditanum otherwise Gibraltur on the other by y mouth of Nilus chiefly where the northsyde of Egypt runneth along and the glorious temple of Canopus Amyclaeus is buylded The riuer Tanais now Tana disioyneth Europe from Asie and so washing the coasts of them both runneth northerly by the Sauromates called also Sarmatae or Poloni into Scythia and into the fennes Maeotides now El mar negro But in the southe the fyrst bound is towarde Hellespontus and the mouth of Nilus which is more southerly than Helespontus now El far de Gallipoli and Brachium S. Georgu Notwithstanding some affirme that the earth is foure square whiche béeing enuironned with the two straytes of Caspium and Euxinum the Gréekes called it as euery lyke narow péece of lande lying betwéene two seas Isthmus and that it is compassed about with them bothe There were some also that sayde there was an other Isthmus which reachyng lykewyse towardes the Southe cutteth off the Gore of Arabia and Egypt whiche diuydeth

Lybia from Asie Since therefore the whole Earthe is wyth these boundes deuyded into three no manne oughte to doubte but that it is compassed wyth the Oceane Whyche Ocean béeing but one as also the earth is yet is distinguished by dyuerse names accordyng as it dyuersly intrencheth and diuydeth the partes of one bodye For néere vnto the furthest partes of the Worlde from whence the Western wynd bloweth and the mightie Hill Atlas called nowe Maiust ryseth it is called no more the Oceane but of the further Hesperia nowe Bernie wherby it passeth the sea Hesperum or of the hill Atlas Atlanticum By higher to the north where the sauage nation of y Arimaspi hauing only one eye in their forheade doo dwell for so muche as the Sunne by his farre distance from them ryseth late and shyneth fayntely and the coūtrey is enclosed with high hilles whereby it is alwayes couered wyth darke cloudes and congealed with hard frostes what parte of the Ocean lyeth about those quarters of the ycie water they call Pontus Glacialis or the Frozen sea Or else bycause the waues there séeme to die Mare mortuum or the dead sea also for that it standeth euer quietly without m●uing Saturnium or Saturnus sea where the sunne ryseth Eoum and also the same Indicum from whence immediatly it runneth to the south and is called the red sea or Mare Aethiopicum chiefly running foorth by a certain wast desert and an inhabitable soyle of the earth alwayes tossed with extreme heate But out of the Oceane manye armes rise on euery side which pa●●ing through the mids of the earth are termed of our coūtrymen Inland seas but of the Gretians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 proprely signifying bosoms or hollow roomths such as ar within the vdders of beasts Wherof Hesperum is first bicause it passeth by the ends of Hesperia and Lybia ▪ and runneth to Pamphilia The other though it be lesse yet is it more profitable For it issueth out of that Sea which we called Glaciale ▪ or Saturnium on the side that Caspia lyeth and the fierce northeaste bloweth and maketh the sea ▪ Hircanum Bothe other twaine running from the south the higher floweth foorth into Persis ▪ against the sea called Caspium and maketh the crooke Persicum and the other Arabicum which breaking forth by little and little at last draweth togither into Euxinum of the Arabicum chāgeth name into Pontus Euxinus Ther be also many m● reaches and turnes howbeit bicause thei be vnknowne and of small accompte neyther searched out by any of our men I leaue them as dead vntouched But I think it best to return to those which we haue thus diuided whiche I sayd before were foure that we may plainly declare what they be what course they obserue and what countries they runne by And that I may beginne with the Ocean ▪ the nooke called Hesperius whiche in widenesse and length of course surpasseth the reste passing by many countries citties and townes enuironing diuers Ilāds and high Mountaynes filleth all places with greate store and varietie of al māner prouision engendreth great abundance euery where And this is it at the entraunce wherof the hugie pillers as common reporte goeth set vp by Hercules do stande chiefly aboute the toppe of Atlas and the extreame parte of Gades now Caliz whereof at this day one is to be séene made of massy brasse erected of such heigth that it appereth to reache aboue the cloudes that is more maruel to touch the skye At this place beginneth the sea Hibericum and therfore it is said that at that mark as at a newe beginning Hercules began to sweate who conquered al the coūtries therabout But that sea after that flowing betwixt Libya and Europe giueth knowledge of begynning of them both For the pillers are erected in suche maner on eche side the shore that the one sheweth where Europe is the otherwher Libya or Aphrica Afterward passing forth along bounding shortly on the coaste of Fraunce at length by many goares and crooks turneth to Massilia where loosing the olde name is afterwarde called the Frenche Sea. Then runneth ▪ it foorth by Liguria nowe terra de Genoua where Italy beginneth and the countrey Ausonia and approcheth diuers cities thereof chiefly towards the North and therehence is called Ligusticum of Liguria whose shoare it washeth From thence it higheth anon to Leucopetra which is oueragainst and is washed with the Sicilian Sea now elfar de Mesina So vnto Cirnus that is Corsica Thēce flowing to Sardinia now Sardegna is by and by called Sardinium mare Anon it floweth south by the coaste of Tyrrhenia and is called Tyrrhenum or Thuscum But afterward whē it bendeth to the rising of the sunne and runneth about Sicilia which the Sicilian sea encompasseth and glyding by the Mounte Pachynus now Cabo Pacino ▪ and Crete now Candy enuironed wholy with the Sea where then it waxeth very wyde and ample immediatly discouereth Gortina famous both for religiō and antiquitie also Phaeston although it lye more within the land and rising vpward crokedly after the maner of a Rammes hed is called the Rammes head by the inhabitants Thēceforth it procedeth to Iapygiū ▪ wher it wideneth toward the north and there is called the sea Adriaticū now la Canal de Venetia So bēdeth it to the hither Hesperia and maketh mare Ionium where by by two coūtries each ouer against other are descried Wherof one which lieth on the right hād at entrance is called Illyrica nowe Sclauonia the other on the left Ausonia whiche of it selfe is as it were in maner of a great lithmus stretching for the along the continente enclosed rounde almoste wyth three Seas namely the Tirrhenum the Sicilian and that which we spake of last Adriaticum Whereof euerie one is moued with his owne winde that those whiche trafficque with other countries may safely fall therewith out of their hauens For the Tyrrhene searequireth a west wind and the Sicilian a southe Adriaticum the southeast But that whiche of Sicilia is called Siculum breaking forth towarde Libya ouerfloweth the southe Syrtes nowe Baxi or Banqui de Barbaria and runneth forth into another Sea which though it be bigger and wyder yet séemeth to deuoure and destroy it quite That whiche is inner hauing entrance but verie weake receyuing the waues of another issuing in a far off rolleth in somtime with such force that the fluddes whiche come along the hilles of Sicile and passe forth by Crete are beaten backe agayne eastward to the toppe of Salmonis which they say is the highest part toward the East of al Crete But chiefly these two Seas séeme to striue and rage when they be moued with the northeast wynde of Thracia which

a plentyfull and nurse to the great god Iupiter abunding in fruit and pasture and flowing wyth excellent good witnesse in whiche standeth the famous wood Ida. florishing with odiferous soote cypers trées It containeth many faire cities and also prouinces not a fewe which in foretime were al gouerned by that good olde king Minos Ouer against that lyeth the Ilande Rhodos which was also builded by the Egiptians and somtime a worthie colonie of the Ialisij But at the East lye the Chelidonlae these be thrée lying against the top of Patareis nowe Patera Also Cyprus in the bosome of Pamphilia somtime the acceptable kingdome of Venus Dodonea And not farre from Phaenicie standeth Dyados within the large widnesse thereof and in sight of the hi● Sunrados aboue y Abantes Salamina may be descried and so maye Aegina ▪ where the Sea Aegaeum is founde to be of a maruellous depth although there be in it an innumerable sorte of Ilandes diuersly dispersed disposed in such strange order that they séeme almost there rather planted by arte than by nature They reache forthe vnto Hellespontus nowe el far de Gallipoli where as on the lefte hand at the ende of Europe standeth Sestos and on the right hand ouer-againste it Abydos where Asie beginneth bothe towarde the North places very muche renoumed● or two Louers Leander and Hero who dwelled there whose earnest desire could not be quenched in so small a streame but that Lēander must often attempt escaping also as often the daunger to swimme ouer that narrowe cutte by nyghte vntill at last he was offered a wofull present to his sorowfull louers eyes miserably cast vp deade vppon the shore Nowe to Europe ward standeth Macris in old time builded by the Abantes then Scyros and Peparethos verie muche obiect to the winde And not far thence Lemnos nowe Sidrio Vulcanes kingdome and auncient Thasos nowe Taxo that worshippeth Ceres Then the Imbri nowe Stalimin from whence the famous Thracia is immediatly discouered And Samos nowe Samo an auncient colonie of the Lyrbantes But they whyche possesse the veris first entrance and brow of Asie dwelling roūd about Delos bycause they stand in such ●●euite are termed by the Grecians Cyclades who all are dedicated to Apollo making sacri●●ee vnto him and leding daunces chiefly at the entrance of the spring when the Nyghtingale beginneth to sing vpon the top of the hils These Ilandes stand so scattred shewing themselues here and there in many places of the Sea like brighte shyning starres in the cleere skye vnto whyche the Ionides nowe surquestan be borderers where also Caunos standeth and Samos nowe Samos the moste pleasant seale of ●uno Pelasgos Nexte standeth Chios now Chio at the foote of the high hill Pelmeus Then appeare y clyffes of Aeolus Ilandes Lesbos now Metelina and Tenedos nowe Tenedo raysed a great heigth out of the water forthe of whom ryse two ryuers Melas and Colphus and runne into Hellespontus and there about to the North the Sea Propontis is enlarged and wydned on euery side and there at the entrance of the Sea Euxinum towarde the lefte hande there is an other famous Ilande séene whiche in times past was an auncient dwelling of noble and worthie Gentlemen For the report goth that the soule of Achilles and other valiant men doe wander in the deserts and craggie places of those huge mountaines hauing obtayned for a rewarde of the Goddes in consideration of their excellent vertues to be immortalized for so much as vertue is immortall and néedes muste obtayne immortall glorie This Iland of which we entreate bycause it bringeth forth cattel al white the Grecians call it Leuca And there is an other not far from the same large and of a greate circuite which vnto those that sayle the rea die way into Cimerius Bosphorus appeareth before the rest ouer agaynst the fennes Maeotis lying on the ryghte hande The same is it in whiche Phenagora and Hermonassa two Cities are builded whiche the Ionij who builded thē do possesse And these be al y Ilands which are of any name or renoume lying wyth the Leuant Seas so farre as wée coulde haue any vnderstanding of them Notwithstanding for asmuch as in the large Ocean ther are many conteined in bignes●e commodities or ●ame nothing inferiour to ours I thought it vnséemly to passe them ouer with silēce Of the Ilandes in the Oceane WHerfore I will firste speak of that which lyeth in y middle of the Atlanticū sea called of the Grecians Erythia now Berlingas a very faire Ilande and aboundyng with cattell endued with such benignitie of ayre that it preserueth the lyues of men vnto very many yeres and maketh them almost immortall The Ethiops which be nygh inhabite the same who came fyrst thither as they say after that Hercules had s●ayne the Gyant Geryone But at the very top of Europe which the inhabitantes call Sacrum that is to saye holy the famous Ilandes called Hesperidum insulae are descryed Of whome it is not altogither fabulously spoken that they yelded euery yeare golden apples Since of truth they be very rich in plentie of gold and bring forth welnigh all kinde of metal in great abundaunce The Hiberi their neyghboures haue them in possession And not farre off but somwhat more toward the north the Iles of Britannia are séene ouer agaynst the mouth of Rhenus or Rhine very large and surpassing the rest in wydene●se neyther is there any one to whome it is inferiour in any kynde of wealthe store of cattaile or varietie of people Ther is also found in vaines of the earth moynes of tinne lead and brasse of diuers sorts Also plētie of golde and siluer with yron brimstone saltpeter bitumen and such like And among many kinds of cattaile and rudder bea●tes wherof they haue plentie certain beastes of so soft and fyne a fléese that it maye be easily drawne so small till it be comparable to a spyders webbe They bréede also many horses not vnapt for labour But where it bendeth more to the weast turnyng as it were a brow or point to Hiberia which is now called Hibernia that is Ireland inhabited once by the people Hiberi The same bringeth forth more store of horses and th●se of suche nature that they séeme rather naturally to haue lerned to walke with a pleasant séemely pace and to moue themselues forward with protestatiō and state after the maner of guise princes Within the earth is found a lumpie masse of mould mixt with sulphur much like to coale which the Smithes and generally all the coūtr●e ▪ and their borderers nigh vnto thē do vse for their fire The countrie bringeth forth no venomous beast nor fostreth any The people are very stoute and apte to warres who being of body faire and tall sturdie of lym and beutifull of hue are

of the kinde of Scythians whose names and maners doe remayne vnknowne by reason of the sharpnesse of place where they dwel and the vneasy accosse vnto them with the extremitie of the ayre and bytter colde wherwith those countreys which lye to the vttermoste part of the earth for the moste parte are molested And these be the countreis which as we sayd lye to the north about the sea Caspium Hereafter I wil entreate of those which lye towards the west from Golchis ▪ and Phasis on this side and dwell vpon the shoare of the sea Euxinum and also of them which in habite as farre as Traicium where the land of Chalcidos lieth Of countreys in the west In this rehersall the Byzeres shall be first and nexte the Bechyres and Macrones and then the Phylires who as yet do retayne their aunciente Cities and woodden cotages which they builded lōg since Vnto these do ioyne the Thibareni noble shipmasters nexte to these sit the Chalybes a very harde people who hauing obtayned a cuntrey which for immoderate drouth is vnapte for any tillage haue very much profited in the arte which they haue learned For they neuer rest from hammeryng and forgyng of weapons and armoure for warre In so much that all the countrey béeing couered with smoke séemeth as though it were on syre and clattereth with continuall knocking bearing of yron Thēre we procéede to Astyria whiche is wat●red by the riuer Thermodo● falling frō the mounte Armenus and from thē●e runneth to the Amazones with a swif●e streame who as the reporte goeth following Sinope from Sopida ▪ at commaundement of Iupiter who entirely louing hir had transported hir though unwilling out of hir owne countrey and had placed hir nigh within his quarters and curteously appoynted a place where she mighte cōtinually bewayle the absence of hir parēts In which place afterward she builded a citie and called it Sinopaea now Sinopi after hir owne name About the banks of this riuer there is chrystal hewed very pure and white like yce and there also is found the Iasper stone And not very far off y riuers Iris Halys rūning along do make the coūtry moyst plesant both of them gliding towardes the north frō the hil Armenus wher thei issue ●o lick the land along nigh the hill Carabis Then next be the Paphlagons cast off somwhat néere the shore so forth to the holy land of y Mariandyni where as it is reported the furious thrée headed dog whom that hardie hand of valiāt Hercules ouercame and led away out of hel vomited forth a certaine deadly kinde of frothie venime which poysoned all the countrie with infectiō After the Paphlagons and Mariandyni we passe into Byth●ia now y great T●urchia a plesant country fulfilled with al plētie whō the noble water Rhebas moistneth with his swéet streame vntil he fal into y sea which is at hād beingin al y earth no water more plesant or y bringeth to the ●●e greter delectatiō And these be the coūtrei● people whiche as I haue saide do inhabite the Weast partes of the sea The other of whiche I intreated laste before be Scythians and lye to the north Of the third part of Asie NOw I must go through with y third part of Asie whiche boundeth to the sea looketh to the south discouering y entrāce into Hellespōtus openeth the southerly course into the sea Aegaeum butteth forth into Syria Arabia And first of al the Calcedons apere at y very mouth looking ouer directly to Bizantū whose borderers are Bebryces the mounts of Mysia ▪ out of which y riuer Cius yeldeth forth his plesant water wher it is said that the Nimphs in time past stale away the beutiful child Hylas being then attendāt vpon great Hercules From thence there lieth open a gret vent into Hellespontus in Phrygia y lesse The one is situate farther within a great deale is farre larger néere to the riuer Sangarius And thys which is the larger and lieth forth to the east is very fruitfull for corne grasse ●ingeth vp great store of good horses The other which looketh to the west is descried at the foote of the renoumed Ida hauing at the one syde the noble and famous citie of Troy called also Ilium so muche spoken of so large and so wyde the nourse and brooder of many a valiant Gentleman buylded as it is thought by Neptunus and Apollo but afterward destroyd by the aduis● of Iuno and Pallas planted faste by the riuers Xanthus and Simois of Ida. Hereto lyeth Aeolia nigh aboue Hellespontus ▪ towardes y shore of the sea Aegaeum in which also y Iones be included and the memorable riuer Meander glyding thorough with his gentle streame parteth also Miletus and wide Prienes Wherof that whiche is in the middle and lyeth moste to the north al that wholly Ephesus doth possesse lying to the sea syde sometyme the glorious citie of quiuered Diana ▪ to hir de●●●ated ▪ Wher as ●ame telleth in old time the Amazones ●uylded a temple of wonderful workmāship vpon the sto●k an Elme ●ree and for that ●ause was had in greate admnation amongest all people allages ▪ From this next forth to the East lieth Meonia vpon a stéep rock vnder the side of the mount Tmolus out of whiche the Riuer Pactolus runneth with his sande all of golde and maketh therwith the whole countrey to glitter Vppon whose bankes when once the spring tyme of the yeare is come there are Swannes herd continually singing whiche féede there commonly raunging on the riuers side with such harmonie that nothing can be more pleasant to the eare their foode dayly encreasing vpon the shoare And the Riuer also Enister spryngeth vp and bestoweth his water plentifully in diuers places of the countrey Moreouer it bringeth foorthe very faire women who many tymes according to their custome hauing their loynes girded with girdles of gold do make pastyme among them selues leadyng straunge formes of dauncing cast round into a ring or circle chéefly whē they celebrate their accustomed feastes of Bacchus once euery yeare in daunces and other myrthe Where wenches of flourishing yeres being mingled with them lyke wanton kiddes and lambes dance and play togither raise no small pleasure while they be daūcing to the beholders For the winde somtime huffeth vp their garmēts their order in dauncing ingēdreth a certain plesant noyse much deliting the minds of the hearers But let vs leaue these things to the mē of Lydia whose practise study is on them y hauing allotted a coūtrey ful of pleasures they may also intēd to folow the same nothing degenerating frō nature or theyr coūtry maners Consequently the Licij enioy the next shore chiefly where the riuer Xāthus cōmeth down