mastino_n della_fw-it sala_fw-mi for_o forty_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1471._o they_o win_v by_o force_n volterra_n one_o of_o the_o 12._o first_o city_n of_o tuscany_n and_o honour_v with_o the_o birth_n of_o the_o poet_n persius_n they_o get_v also_o pysa_n &_o the_o whole_a state_n thereof_o of_o who_o revolt_n and_o recovery_n what_o part_n take_v there_o be_v &_o what_o time_n be_v spend_v and_o how_o many_o million_o it_o cost_v they_o to_o be_v repossess_v thereof_o guicciardine_n very_o full_o discourse_v and_o be_v here_o too_o tedious_a to_o be_v particular_o relate_v the_o government_n of_o a_o gonfalonier_n be_v alter_v by_o gualteri_n francese_n duke_n of_o athens_n who_o at_o the_o city_n request_n require_v aid_n be_v send_v thither_o by_o robert_n king_n of_o sicily_n and_o at_o his_o first_o come_v depose_v the_o gonfalonier_n and_o priory_n &_o usurp_v himself_o but_o he_o be_v quick_o expulse_v and_o the_o former_a officer_n reinue_v till_o the_o 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their_o wife_n kill_v of_o their_o child_n rob_v their_o shop_n and_o house_n and_o other_o such_o insolent_a outrage_n whereof_o guicciardine_n lib._n 11._o complain_v that_o from_o their_o avarice_n lust_n and_o cruelty_n nothing_o be_v safe_a and_o buonacorsi_n say_v that_o they_o spare_v neither_o virgin_n infant_n nor_o church_n &_o paulus_n jonius_n affirm_v that_o the_o spanish_a cruelty_n in_o this_o sack_n of_o prato_n do_v far_o exceed_v that_o of_o the_o dutch_a and_o french_a at_o the_o sack_n of_o brescia_n so_o much_o detest_v hence_o be_v it_o that_o at_o this_o day_n the_o name_n of_o spaniard_n be_v there_o most_o odious_a for_o among_o all_o other_o name_n of_o infamy_n and_o reproach_n when_o they_o have_v call_v one_o poltrone_n furfante_n manigoldo_fw-it traditore_fw-la and_o all_o that_o naught_o be_v they_o end_v always_o in_o this_o spagnaolo_fw-la intend_v it_o shall_v seem_v that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o worse_a name_n under_o the_o sun_n but_o leave_v they_o 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this_o river_n be_v cut_v a_o ditch_n from_o this_o town_n to_o linorno_n fifteen_o mile_n long_o for_o the_o more_o convenient_a carriage_n of_o such_o ware_n as_o arrive_v in_o that_o road_n and_o be_v thence_o convey_v by_o water_n from_o pisa_n up_o to_o florence_n and_o so_o by_o land_n into_o other_o place_n of_o tuscany_n romagna_n lombardia_fw-la and_o rome_n also_o the_o boat_n wherein_o these_o ware_n be_v carry_v be_v but_o small_a in_o number_n between_o six_o and_o seven_o hundred_o which_o our_o english_a merchant_n burlando_n gibe_v call_v the_o great_a duke_n fleet_n the_o nature_n of_o this_o plain_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n marish_a though_o in_o time_n past_o it_o be_v fit_a either_o for_o pasture_n or_o tillage_n as_o by_o the_o commodity_n thereout_o reap_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o city_n appear_v by_o guicciard_n but_o since_o that_o the_o city_n be_v conquer_v by_o the_o florentine_n and_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_a pisani_n depart_v some_o 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their_o palace_n officer_n and_o other_o dependence_n the_o last_o for_o that_o there_o be_v a_o study_n as_o they_o call_v it_o in_o italy_n a_o university_n erect_v by_o cosmo_n and_o be_v reasonable_o frequent_v in_o this_o town_n among_o many_o other_o church_n and_o monastery_n be_v that_o excellent_a fabric_n of_o the_o battisterio_n build_v they_o say_v in_o fourteen_o day_n it_o stand_v hard_a at_o the_o west-end_n of_o the_o duomo_n which_o for_o the_o beauty_n thereof_o may_v have_v compare_v with_o that_o of_o sienna_n so_o much_o commend_v have_v it_o not_o by_o mishap_n be_v burn_v in_o the_o year_n 1595._o in_o october_n it_o be_v now_o in_o the_o repair_n at_o the_o great_a duke_n charge_n howbeit_o in_o lieu_n hereof_o he_o have_v raise_v the_o price_n of_o his_o salt_n five_o quatrini_fw-la in_o the_o pound_n throughout_o this_o state_n for_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v think_v by_o example_n too_o many_o of_o like_a nature_n in_o other_o 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never_o satisfy_v greediness_n here_o be_v also_o a_o arsenal_n wherein_o the_o duke_n have_v two_o or_o three_o of_o his_o galley_n in_o mend_v but_o no_o new_a in_o the_o make_n neither_o artillery_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o worth_a the_o remembrance_n here_o the_o great_a duke_n have_v a_o palace_n but_o so_o ill_o contrive_v and_o so_o unworthy_a the_o presence_n of_o so_o great_a a_o prince_n as_o it_o be_v say_v the_o deviser_n thereof_o look_v for_o great_a praise_n at_o the_o duke_n hand_n for_o his_o rare_a plot_n and_o find_v after_o that_o it_o dislike_v his_o highness_n in_o a_o melancholy_n discontent_n throw_v himself_o into_o the_o arno_n he_o have_v also_o another_o lesser_a house_n late_o build_v wherein_o be_v many_o small_a statue_n of_o marble_n and_o mettle_n many_o medalle_n and_o picture_n some_o paint_a other_o of_o feather_n very_o exquisite_o artificial_a beside_o piece_n of_o vre_n untried_a both_o of_o gold_n &_o silver_n coral_n unpollished_a whereof_o you_o shall_v see_v some_o grow_v upon_o the_o skull_n of_o deadman_n with_o infinite_a such_o like_a more_o delightful_a to_o be_v see_v then_o needful_a to_o be_v relate_v of_o unto_o this_o building_n be_v adjoin_v a_o garden_n of_o simple_n not_o much_o inferior_a to_o that_o of_o padua_n but_o the_o thing_n of_o best_a use_n and_o great_a cost_n and_o therefore_o unfit_a to_o be_v forget_v be_v a_o conduct_n of_o water_n upon_o arch_n into_o the_o town_n from_o valdeculci_n five_o mile_n off_o where_o with_o the_o better_a part_n of_o the_o city_n be_v serve_v other_o building_n i_o remember_v not_o worth_n the_o remember_n except_o the_o campanile_n which_o architecture_n have_v this_o variety_n that_o the_o top_n thereof_o by_o a_o line_n perpendicular_o downe-falling_a to_o the_o ground_n and_o show_v that_o it_o be_v prominent_a or_o hang_v over_o the_o basis_n ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n
and_o king_n of_o arragon_n to_o enter_v into_o a_o confederation_n with_o the_o florentine_n and_o to_o re-inu_a they_o of_o pisa_n infer_v that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o french_a force_n may_v be_v divert_v which_o otherwise_o with_o the_o help_n of_o this_o state_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o italy_n might_n effect_n matter_n of_o prejudicial_a consequent_a to_o all_o three_o so_o fit_o stand_v it_o either_o to_o dispeople_v the_o enemy_n force_n or_o to_o reinforce_v their_o own_o and_o therefore_o guiccardine_n very_o judicial_o determine_v that_o it_o be_v a_o powerful_a estate_n rather_o per_fw-la l'opportunità _fw-la del_fw-it cito_fw-la che_fw-it per_fw-la la_fw-it grandezza_fw-it del_fw-it dominio_fw-la by_o the_o fitness_n of_o the_o situation_n then_o by_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o dominion_n but_o if_o we_o define_v the_o midst_n of_o italy_n in_o a_o arithmetical_a proportion_n that_o be_v the_o centre_n equal_o distant_a from_o both_o extreme_n it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v true_a which_o pliny_n and_o varro_n report_n confirm_v also_o by_o leander_n albertâ—_n concern_v lago_n di_fw-fr pâ—e_fw-fr del_fw-it luco_fw-la which_o taciâ—us_o in_o his_o first_o book_n call_v lacus_n velnius_fw-la in_o sabina_n which_o they_o hold_v to_o be_v the_o midst_n of_o italy_n concern_v the_o river_n of_o worth_n there_o be_v few_o river_n of_o name_n many_o for_o the_o italian_a have_v a_o name_n for_o every_o ditch_n whereof_o if_o we_o allow_v they_o not_o tiber_n arno_n be_v their_o chief_n this_o river_n be_v so_o name_v by_o hercule_n lybicus_n who_o surname_n be_v libarno_n that_o be_v the_o lion_n of_o lybia_n and_o musarno_n that_o be_v the_o learned_a and_o valiant_a for_o be_v in_o the_o arabian_a tongue_n signify_v a_o lyon_n he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o osiris_n and_o isis_n call_v jupiter_n and_o juno_n by_o the_o greek_n and_o grandchild_n of_o janus_n call_v by_o the_o greek_n ogyger_n and_o by_o the_o chaldean_n and_o hebrew_n noah_n whereupon_o stand_v the_o city_n of_o florence_n and_o pisa_n serchio_n which_o run_v by_o lucca_n ombrone_n by_o pistoia_n bisentio_fw-la by_o prato_n chiana_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o vale_n of_o arezzo_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o arno_n mognâ—ne_n which_o run_v near_o civita_fw-la vecchia_fw-mi into_o the_o sea_n fiero_n which_o devide_v the_o great_a duke_n state_n and_o the_o pope_n towards_o the_o tuscan_a sea_n &_o paglia_n which_o divide_v those_o two_o state_n towards_o the_o apennine_n over_o which_o we_o pass_v by_o a_o bridge_n build_v by_o gregory_n the_o 13._o in_o our_o journey_n from_o florence_n to_o rome_n between_o rodicofany_n and_o aquapendente_fw-la that_o belong_v to_o the_o great_a duke_n this_o to_o the_o pope_n true_a it_o be_v that_o guicciardini_n in_o the_o 4._o book_n of_o his_o history_n and_o namely_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o book_n which_o by_o order_n of_o th'inquisition_n be_v leave_v out_o of_o all_o allow_v copy_n because_o in_o this_o place_n though_o himself_o be_v the_o pope_n creature_n and_o have_v great_a charge_n under_o he_o yet_o he_o full_o learned_o and_o true_o show_v how_o by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o by_o bad_a mean_n the_o church_n grow_v to_o her_o greatness_n how_o she_o come_v not_o only_o to_o quit_v her_o obedience_n to_o the_o empire_n but_o to_o have_v also_o a_o power_n and_o stroke_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o emperor_n himself_o not_o only_o to_o make_v the_o pope_n governor_n of_o rome_n but_o to_o encroach_v also_o upon_o the_o territory_n and_o city_n of_o romagna_n the_o marquisate_n of_o ancina_fw-la the_o duchy_n of_o spoletum_n and_o beneventum_n the_o superiority_n over_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o the_o possession_n of_o that_o part_n of_o tuscany_n now_o call_v the_o patrimony_n of_o s._n peter_n he_o i_o say_v divide_v the_o pope_n state_n in_o this_o country_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o tuscany_n thus_o eterminata_n dal_a torrente_n di_fw-mi pescia_n &_o dal_n castello_n di_fw-it san_n luirico_fw-la nel_fw-it conâ—ado_fw-it di_fw-it sienna_n da_fw-mi una_fw-la banda_fw-la &_o dall_n altra_fw-la dal_n mare_fw-la di_fw-it sotto_fw-it &_o dal_a fuime_n di_fw-mi tevere_a that_o be_v it_o be_v limit_v on_o the_o one_o side_n with_o the_o river_n pescia_n and_o the_o castle_n saint_n luirick_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o sienna_n and_o on_o the_o other_o with_o the_o river_n tiber_n and_o the_o tyrrhene_a sea_n but_o i_o rather_o tie_v myself_o to_o the_o former_a limit_n for_o that_o the_o paglia_n be_v far_o beyond_o saint_n luirick_n whether_o the_o great_a duke_n state_n now_o reach_v there_o be_v also_o câ—cina_n which_o rise_v a_o little_a above_o the_o city_n of_o massa_n and_o so_o pass_v along_o the_o country_n of_o volterra_n full_v into_o the_o sea_n with_o many_o such_o other_o which_o in_o england_n we_o rather_o call_v brook_n or_o riveret_n for_o of_o all_o these_o there_o be_v few_o sit_v either_o for_o burden_n or_o boat_n in_o summer_n except_o the_o arno_n yet_o here_o often_o time_n scarce_o water_n for_o a_o mill_n as_o by_o their_o device_n at_o florence_n to_o pen_n it_o up_o appear_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o water_n of_o this_o state_n be_v so_o small_a be_v two_o the_o former_a be_v the_o violence_n of_o their_o downfall_n from_o the_o hill_n the_o better_a be_v because_o their_o head_n be_v so_o near_o to_o the_o sea_n as_o they_o can_v have_v space_n to_o be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o receipt_n of_o other_o lesser_a brook_n by_o which_o mean_v only_o all_o river_n grow_v great_a as_o namely_o the_o rhine_n and_o danowe_v whereof_o this_o last_o have_v from_o his_o head_n which_o be_v in_o the_o forest_n nera_fw-mi to_o the_o mare_n maggiore_n where_o he_o pay_v his_o tribute_n above_o two_o thousand_o mile_n and_o receive_v into_o his_o bed_n by_o the_o way_n three_o score_n navigable_a river_n the_o lake_n in_o this_o state_n be_v neither_o many_o nor_o great_a nothing_o so_o fair_a or_o fruitful_a as_o those_o of_o lombardy_n namely_o lago_n di_fw-fr garda_n lake_n lago_n d_o iseâ—_n lago_n d_o como_n and_o lago_n maggiore_n the_o chief_a in_o tuscany_n be_v these_o lago_n di_fw-fr trasimenâ—_n under_o the_o pope_n who_o let_v it_o out_o to_o diverse_a farmer_n for_o ten_o thousand_o ducat_n the_o year_n which_o have_v the_o fish_n whereof_o it_o be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o yield_v they_o also_o no_o little_a gain_n the_o profit_n which_o the_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n raise_v by_o the_o lake_n of_o comacchiâ—_n who_o they_o say_v in_o venice_n make_v thereof_o yearly_a fourscore_o thousand_o ducat_n make_v this_o more_o probable_a but_o this_o lake_n of_o trasimene_n now_o call_v lago_n di_fw-it perugia_n be_v much_o more_o renown_a for_o the_o notable_a overthrow_n give_v there_o by_o hannibal_n to_o the_o roman_n near_o whereunto_o be_v that_o fair_a plain_a call_v ossaia_n of_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o dead_a there_o slay_v by_o the_o rashness_n of_o c._n flaminius_n the_o consul_n as_o polybius_n in_o his_o three_o book_n liny_n in_o his_o two_o and_o twenty_o and_o plutarcke_o in_o the_o life_n of_o hannibal_n avow_v the_o other_o memorable_a blow_n give_v they_o if_o it_o be_v not_o here_o impertinent_a to_o remember_v be_v that_o at_o can_n in_o puglia_n call_v by_o liuâ—e_fw-fr in_o his_o twenty_o and_o one_o book_n caâ—nusium_n where_o be_v slay_v p._n emilius_n the_o consul_n l_o acilius_n and_o l_o furuis_fw-la bibaâ—ulus_n the_o quaestor_n one_o and_o twenty_o tribune_n of_o soldier_n fourscore_o senator_n forty_o thousand_o foot_n two_o thousand_o and_o seven_o hundred_o horse_n all_o roman_n and_o as_o many_o anuiliaries_n as_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o hannibal_n and_o scipio_n and_o solinus_n italicus_n in_o his_o nine_o book_n confess_v there_o be_v diverse_a lake_n between_o pisa_n and_o livorne_n but_o small_a and_o of_o no_o name_n there_o be_v more_o not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n colle_n laego_fw-it di_fw-it bolsena_n call_v by_o ancient_a writer_n lacus_n vulsiniensium_fw-la lâ—go_fw-la di_fw-it bassanello_n ancient_o call_v lacus_n vadeâ—onius_n where_o the_o roman_n utter_o subdue_v the_o tuscan_n lago_n di_fw-fr bracciane_n call_v former_o lacus_n sabbatinus_fw-la lago_n di_fw-it vicco_fw-it call_v by_o virgil_n in_o his_o seven_o aenead_n and_o siluius_n italicus_n in_o his_o eight_o book_n lâ—cus_n cimini_n of_o the_o mountain_n so_o call_v stand_v between_o this_o lake_n and_o the_o city_n of_o viterbo_n lago_n di_fw-fr montâ—_n rosa_n not_o large_a but_o deep_a near_o rome_n with_o few_o other_o the_o plain_n be_v also_o few_o for_o they_o before_o be_v allow_v but_o one_o four_o part_n the_o chief_a be_v these_o plain_n that_o of_o florence_n wherein_o live_v above_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o person_n that_o near_o arezzo_n call_v vald_z '_o arno_n because_o the_o river_n pass_v by_o it_o the_o most_o fruitful_a that_o of_o pisa_n the_o most_o low_a and_o
therefore_o subject_a to_o the_o overflow_a of_o arno_n whereof_o it_o have_v taste_v this_o present_a winter_n to_o the_o country_n great_a loss_n that_o of_o lucca_n environ_v with_o hill_n and_o the_o city_n in_o the_o midst_n like_o a_o centre_n in_o a_o circle_n that_o of_o carsigniana_n under_o the_o dukedom_n of_o ferrara_n and_o last_o the_o plain_n of_o maremma_n in_o the_o state_n of_o sienna_n the_o most_o large_a and_o whither_o for_o the_o winter_v of_o their_o cattle_n they_o be_v send_v in_o october_n from_o the_o mountain_n it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o mare_n the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o we_o â—ay_v well_o english_a it_o the_o marsh_n of_o sienna_n it_o run_v along_o the_o sea-coast_n almost_o seventy_o mile_n in_o length_n between_o the_o two_o rivers_n gornia_n and_o pesua_n not_o much_o inhabit_v with_o people_n through_o the_o badness_n of_o the_o air_n the_o port_n be_v civita_n vecchia_n in_o the_o pope_n state_n port_n for_o ottia_n be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o tiber_n orbitello_n port-ercole_a telamone_n castiglione_n in_o the_o maremma_n howbeit_o under_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n as_o be_v also_o the_o monte_fw-fr argentaro_n and_o the_o port_n of_o piombine_v the_o only_a porte_fw-fr of_o worth_a under_o the_o great_a duke_n state_n be_v that_o of_o livorne_n capable_a of_o any_o fleet_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v call_v a_o road_n then_o a_o harbour_n ligorno_n and_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o sea_n neither_o eb_v nor_o flow_v here_o his_o highness_n daily_o build_v mean_v to_o make_v it_o a_o city_n the_o wall_n and_o fortification_n be_v almost_o finish_v it_o be_v in_o form_n six_o square_a in_o circuit_n a_o mile_n three_o quarter_n the_o length_n of_o the_o curtain_n be_v two_o hundred_o and_o sixteen_o pace_n the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v one_o hundred_o thirty_o and_o eight_o from_o the_o spur_n which_o be_v fifteen_o pace_n thick_a to_o the_o flanker_n which_o be_v so_o many_o broad_a be_v eighteen_o pace_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o piazza_n be_v four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o this_o proportion_n no_o doubt_n swerve_v from_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o fortification_n neither_o can_v i_o warrant_v the_o relation_n true_a by_o the_o line_n i_o be_v force_v to_o pass_v it_o in_o haste_n and_o sanquam_fw-la aliud_fw-la agens_fw-la to_o avoid_v all_o jealousy_n whereof_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o advertise_v the_o curious_a reader_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o envious_a detractor_n here_o be_v bestow_v great_a cost_n be_v indeed_o the_o only_a key_n by_o which_o all_o commodity_n be_v transport_v and_o bring_v in_o not_o only_o for_o the_o use_n of_o tuscany_n but_o even_o for_o the_o most_o place_n of_o italy_n so_o that_o it_o bring_v in_o a_o very_a great_a enrate_n to_o the_o great_a duke_n coaffer_n as_o i_o must_v more_o particular_o and_o more_o fit_o advertise_v hereafter_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n interest_v in_o tuscany_n be_v these_o the_o pope_n tuscany_n who_o possess_v all_o from_o tiber_n to_o fiore_fw-la and_o so_o right_o up_o from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o apennine_a which_o be_v some_o four_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o spanish_a king_n have_v the_o coast_n of_o maremma_n and_o the_o port_n thereof_o as_o be_v above_o say_v wherein_o he_o keep_v garrison_n beside_o pontremoly_a and_o one_o other_o fort_n or_o two_o on_o the_o side_n of_o liguria_n the_o dukedom_n of_o ferrara_n have_v the_o valley_n of_o carsigniana_n the_o state_n of_o genoa_n serezzana_n the_o state_n of_o lucca_n have_v all_o her_o possession_n herein_o the_o duke_n of_o vâ—bâ—â—_n parma_n and_o bravianâ—_n have_v also_o each_o of_o they_o a_o piece_n howbeit_o most_o of_o this_o be_v in_o the_o church_n part_n which_o be_v call_v the_o patrimony_n of_o saint_n peter_n there_o be_v also_o the_o signior_n di_fw-mi pcombiâ—e_n the_o marquesse_n di_fw-mi massa_n and_o other_o inferior_a prince_n interest_v in_o this_o country_n of_o a_o other_o four_o part_n so_o that_o there_o remain_v a_o moiety_n under_o the_o great_a duke_n government_n whereof_o i_o have_v undertake_v to_o give_v this_o superficial_a survey_n which_o follow_v this_o state_n state_n beside_o that_o it_o be_v enclose_v with_o the_o mountain_n as_o with_o a_o wall_n on_o three-side_n and_o with_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o four_o and_o so_o consequent_o by_o situation_n pass_v strong_a it_o have_v also_o many_o castle_n and_o fortress_n as_o rodicofany_n monte-falcon_n pelegrine_n castle_n charole_fw-fr sansubastians_n lusignano_n monterisine_n empoli_n castrecaro_n saffa_n and_o diverse_a other_o to_o the_o number_n of_o thirty_o wherein_o be_v garrison_n more_o or_o less_o but_o of_o other_o which_o stand_v rather_o to_o show_v the_o manner_n of_o fortification_n in_o elder_a age_n and_o the_o force_n of_o time_n by_o which_o they_o be_v ruin_v then_o for_o any_o use_n of_o the_o time_n present_a there_o be_v above_o three_o hundred_o by_o which_o number_n may_v very_o probable_o be_v conjecture_v their_o many_o and_o diverse_a state_n in_o this_o small_a circuit_n in_o former_a time_n for_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o history_n not_o only_a florence_n sienna_n and_o pisa_n which_o of_o late_a year_n be_v reduce_v into_o one_o government_n but_o also_o pistoia_n arezzo_n volterra_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o city_n now_o under_o the_o great_a duke_n have_v every_o one_o their_o several_a and_o distinct_a state_n whereupon_o it_o be_v necessary_a each_o state_n shall_v have_v her_o castle_n and_o fort_n to_o affront_v those_o that_o confine_v upon_o they_o as_o for_o those_o former_a wherein_o be_v garrison_n the_o most_o of_o they_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o man_n experience_v have_v their_o defect_n either_o in_o their_o form_n and_o manner_n of_o fortification_n which_o be_v all'_fw-it antica_fw-la or_o in_o their_o piazza_n which_o be_v very_o little_a and_o so_o think_v uncapale_a of_o sufficient_a number_n to_o defend_v they_o but_o beside_o these_o he_o have_v in_o each_o city_n a_o citadel_n and_o therein_o a_o garrison_n which_o be_v all_o very_a modern_a and_o strong_a the_o use_n of_o which_o piece_n be_v not_o so_o much_o for_o defence_n of_o the_o town_n where_o they_o be_v as_o to_o keep_v in_o awful_a term_n the_o city_n themselves_o as_o by_o the_o citadel_n at_o florence_n and_o fortress_n of_o see_z appear_z of_o city_n there_o be_v sixteen_o city_n the_o one_o half_a in_o the_o state_n of_o florence_n the_o other_o in_o that_o of_o sienna_n of_o the_o fonner_fw-fr state_n these_o be_v the_o name_n florence_n whereof_o be_v a_o archbishopric_n his_o name_n that_o now_o be_v alexander_n medici_n pisa_n a_o archbishopric_n also_o his_o name_n carolus_n antonius_n â—uteus_fw-la pistoia_n arezzo_n volterra_n certuâ—iâ—_n burgo_n san_fw-it sepolchro_n and_o monte_fw-fr pulciano_n of_o the_o other_o state_n be_v these_o sienna_n a_o archbishopric_n his_o name_n ascanius_n piceothuomineus_fw-la 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bird_n artificial_o sing_v organ_n musical_o play_v shower_n of_o rain_n plentiful_o down_o pour_v and_o infinite_a sort_n of_o such_o devise_n more_o delightsome_a to_o be_v see_v then_o pleasant_a to_o be_v discourse_v of_o to_o conclude_v the_o devise_n so_o good_a the_o workmanship_n so_o rare_a and_o the_o charge_n so_o great_a as_o it_o be_v say_v constant_o that_o it_o cost_v duke_n francisco_n three_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v another_o palace_n two_o mile_n from_o florence_n call_v castello_n only_o for_o pleasure_n but_o not_o so_o beautify_v nor_o full_a of_o water-work_n as_o this_o of_o pratolino_n a_o other_o distant_a 10._o mile_n off_o called_z il_fw-fr poggio_n imperiale_n more_o profitable_a than_o they_o both_o in_o form_n quadrangular_a fifty_o six_o pace_n square_a where_o beside_o the_o pleasure_n it_o yield_v of_o hunt_v it_o yield_v also_o summer_v and_o hay_n for_o his_o horse_n and_o keep_v the_o great_a duchess_n a_o dairy_n of_o three_o hundred_o cow_n a_o commodity_n worth_a the_o remember_n in_o this_o state_n where_o in_o threescore_o mile_n be_v not_o see_v threescore_o head_n of_o cattle_n nor_o so_o much_o good_a pasture_n ground_n that_o i_o see_v in_o the_o whole_a country_n i_o be_o now_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o other_o chief_a city_n to_o remember_v in_o a_o word_n how_o and_o when_o the_o florentine_n come_v impatronize_v of_o diverse_a other_o state_n of_o tuscany_n and_o what_o form_n of_o government_n they_o have_v in_o former_a time_n until_o leo_n and_o clement_n for_o i_o must_v there_o needs_o begin_v when_o i_o shall_v come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o great_a duke_n title_n this_o city_n of_o florence_n after_o many_o conflict_n with_o the_o old_a city_n of_o fesulae_n whereof_o now_o almost_o remain_v no_o memory_n but_o the_o hill_n whereon_o it_o stand_v get_v the_o upper_a hand_n and_o many_o of_o that_o old_a town_n follow_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o winner_n come_v hither_o to_o dwell_v it_o grow_v to_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o a_o great_a and_o rich_a city_n which_o till_o then_o ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o sylla_n by_o who_o they_o say_v it_o be_v first_o found_v and_o make_v a_o colony_n of_o the_o roman_n bear_v rather_o the_o name_n of_o a_o bourough_n then_o otherwise_o and_o after_o a_o combination_n of_o these_o two_o city_n into_o one_o commonalty_n they_o quarter_v the_o arm_n of_o fesulae_n which_o be_v a_o moon_n azure_a in_o a_o field_n argent_fw-fr with_o those_o of_o florence_n be_v a_o flower_n de_fw-fr lise_n argent_fw-fr in_fw-la a_o field_n gules_a it_o be_v afterward_o subject_a to_o diverse_a sacking_n and_o subversion_n by_o the_o goth_n gaul_n and_o lomgobards_n partake_v with_o other_o city_n of_o italy_n in_o those_o misery_n which_o these_o nation_n inflict_v insomuch_o as_o there_o be_v nothing_o remain_v of_o their_o ancient_a glory_n but_o ruin_n and_o desolation_n &_o what_o the_o barbarous_a cruelty_n of_o such_o a_o enemy_n can_v not_o tyranise_v upon_o in_o these_o term_n charles_n the_o great_a find_v it_o who_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v re-edify_v appoint_v for_o the_o government_n thereof_o two_o consul_n and_o a_o senate_n of_o a_o hundred_o after_o this_o they_o alter_v the_o government_n confer_v it_o upon_o ten_o call_v antiani_n alderman_n as_o i_o take_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1254._o short_o after_o in_o the_o year_n 1287._o they_o win_v the_o city_n of_o pistoia_n 〈◊〉_d and_o about_o the_o same_o time_n they_o purchase_v their_o liberty_n of_o the_o emperor_n rodolphe_n for_o threescore_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o again_o change_v their_o form_n of_o government_n to_o eight_o priori_fw-la and_o a_o gonfalonier_n of_o justice_n who_o be_v to_o hold_v his_o place_n for_o 2._o month_n only_o present_o after_o they_o buy_v arezzo_n of_o
avoid_v these_o fruitless_a etimology_n else_o can_v i_o have_v say_v before_o that_o florence_n be_v call_v either_o fluentia_fw-la because_o it_o stand_v between_o the_o two_o water_n mognone_n and_o arno_n or_o fiorentia_n of_o fiore_fw-it a_o flower_n because_o it_o be_v the_o flower_n and_o beauty_n of_o italy_n or_o firenze_n which_o giambolare_fw-la one_o of_o their_o writer_n derive_v from_o a_o caldey_n word_n and_o signify_v he_o say_v a_o valiant_a soldier_n as_o who_o will_v say_v the_o florentine_n be_v such_o which_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o read_v and_o i_o be_o sure_a they_o of_o sienna_n will_v not_o confess_v who_o will_v not_o let_v to_o brag_v how_o often_o they_o have_v beat_v they_o in_o the_o field_n indeed_o i_o well_o remember_v that_o writer_n give_v they_o the_o attribute_n of_o ingenious_a and_o wise_a as_o nam_o macciavel_o in_o his_o florentine_a history_n and_o guicciardine_n in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o his_o book_n cart._n 2._o howbeit_o i_o can_v easy_o condescend_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o imbalt_n a_o french_a commander_n who_o upon_o good_a experience_n guicciardine_n lib._n 5._o cart_n 144._o non_fw-fr saptua_fw-mi dove_n consistesse_n lingegne_n tantu_fw-la celebratu_fw-la de_fw-fr fiorentini_n can_v not_o find_v where_o that_o great_a wit_n of_o they_o lie_v so_o likewise_o these_o word-founder_n will_v have_v their_o city_n arezzo_n to_o be_v so_o old_a as_o that_o it_o be_v build_v when_o for_o want_v of_o a_o fit_a name_n they_o be_v fain_o to_o call_v it_o earth_n for_o so_o in_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n it_o signify_v but_o see_v that_o tully_n and_o varro_n call_v it_o aretium_n and_o not_o arezium_fw-la i_o think_v they_o may_v better_v derine_n it_o from_o mars_n which_o the_o word_n well_o bear_v for_o i_o be_o well_o assure_v that_o history_n make_v the_o arrettines_n and_o their_o neighbour_n the_o perugian_o far_o better_a soldier_n than_o the_o florentine_n but_o i_o will_v not_o over-charge_v this_o short_a 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also_o it_o begin_v thus_o two_o young_a gentleman_n of_o the_o town_n fall_v out_o and_o so_o proceed_v from_o word_n to_o blow_n it_o chance_v one_o of_o they_o receive_v a_o light_a hurt_n the_o father_n of_o the_o other_o because_o he_o will_v kill_v all_o motion_n to_o a_o far_a quarrel_n send_v his_o son_n to_o ask_v pardon_n of_o the_o father_n and_o parentage_n of_o the_o other_o who_o he_o have_v hurt_v but_o he_o cause_v his_o servant_n to_o lay_v hold_n on_o he_o command_v his_o right_a hand_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o and_o send_v he_o away_o with_o this_o answer_n va_o dal_a tuo_fw-la padre_n &_o digli_fw-la che_fw-it le_fw-fr ferite_fw-la non_fw-la si_fw-la curano_fw-it con_fw-mi parole_fw-fr ma_fw-fr colferro_fw-la go_v to_o thy_o father_n and_o tell_v he_o hurt_n be_v not_o cure_v with_o word_n but_o with_o the_o sword_n hereupon_o grow_v that_o great_a and_o bloody_a enmity_n between_o those_o two_o house_n which_o draw_v into_o it_o all_o the_o great_a family_n of_o pistoia_n as_o also_o they_o of_o florence_n where_o the_o donati_n band_v with_o the_o neri_n and_o the_o circhi_n with_o the_o bianchi_n since_o which_o faction_n there_o have_v also_o another_o rise_v no_o less_o dangerous_a than_o the_o former_a between_o the_o cancellieri_n and_o the_o panzadici_fw-la scarce_o yet_o so_o compose_v but_o that_o upon_o every_o small_a occasion_n it_o be_v ready_a to_o break_v out_o this_o town_n pretend_v to_o be_v much_o privilege_v above_o all_o other_o city_n under_o the_o great_a duke_n for_o at_o the_o time_n when_o they_o yield_v to_o the_o state_n of_o florence_n it_o be_v among_o other_o capitulacon_n conclude_v that_o in_o any_o bando_n proclamation_n whatsoever_o except_o the_o city_n and_o contado_n of_o pistoia_n be_v express_o name_v it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v exempt_a &_o free_v from_o the_o same_o which_o indeed_o be_v still_o observe_v howbeit_o a_o course_n be_v take_v never_o to_o leave_v that_o clause_n out_o so_o that_o i_o 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excuse_v because_o this_o little_a be_v nothing_o &_o if_o it_o be_v a_o fault_n to_o write_v so_o little_a it_o may_v be_v answer_v i_o dare_v not_o digress_v lucca_n the_o city_n of_o lucca_n be_v ancient_o call_v fredia_n and_o afterward_o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o twelve_o old_a city_n of_o tuscany_n that_o receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n &_o light_n of_o the_o gospel_n it_o change_v the_o name_n of_o lucca_n a_o luce_n herewith_o accord_v fuccio_n uberti_n ma_fw-fr perch_n alluminata_fw-la della_fw-it fede_fw-it furio_n pria_fw-la ch_n altra_fw-la cittade_fw-la di_fw-it tuscany_fw-it cangio_n il_fw-fr svo_fw-la nome_fw-mi e_o lucca_n le_fw-fr si_fw-fr diede_n it_o be_v seat_v as_o be_v before_o say_v like_o a_o centre_n in_o a_o circumference_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o fair_a and_o pleasant_a valley_n environ_v with_o waist_n and_o huge_a mountain_n the_o wall_n in_o circuit_n two_o mile_n be_v of_o brick_n very_o new_a strengthen_v with_o a_o very_a thick_a rampart_n 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