an heape went to succour the Horse-men which began to shrinke And with the other whom he had set in martiall arraye he himselfe went forth and made his enimyes to flye yet would hée not pursue them After this hauing planted two Camps before Numantia the gouernment of the one he gaue to his Brother Maximus and the other gouerned himselfe The Numantines came manye times out and prouoked the Romaines to fight but Scipio made lyght of it not intending to trye the matter with such desperate people but rather to conquer them by famine Wherefore he buylded seuen Bastiones and sent to the Nations his confederates there-abouts appoynting what men they should send him ouer whom he appoynted seuerall Capitaines and them he commaunded to entrench the towne Numantia was thrée mile about and the trench was as much againe and euery part had his Gouernour with order that when they were molested of the enimie they should make a token with a red cloth vppon a long speare and if it were by night they should make a fire After the first trench was made hée caused an other to be begon to laye a foundation for a wal y e bredth whereoff was viii foote and the height x. beside the battlements and at euery Arches bredth was a tower and bicause he could not kéepe the proportion of the wall for a standing water that was there he made a thick rampier to serue in place of y e wall This Scipio was the first as I thinke that entrenched a Campe before that Citie which refused not to fight There was a Riuer called Duero which did the Numantines much ease as wel for the conueyance of vittaile as for the priuie passage of men wher off some diued vnder the water and some with small Uessells when the winde was great passed thorowe at their pleasure And bicause he could make no bridge ouer it for the swiftnesse and Carriages of the water he made two Fortes at either side and from the one Fort to the other he tyed long Beames with Ropes ouerthwart the Ryuer to the bottome of the water and in the Beames were pricked swerd blades and all kinde of sharpe poynted fooles the which tourning vp and downe with the streame of the water kept the enimyes from passage as well by ship as by swimming This was the thing that Scipio most desired to kéepe them from all out-going and receiuing of anye thing in Upon the towres of the wal he placed engines to shoote dartes stones and the walles were fully furnished with cast and shotte and the Forts stoutly warded with Archers and slingers And beside this he gaue order y t a number of men shold be alwaies redy to signifie from one to another what chanced that they of the Towers should in any lacke set vp a banner where the thing was and that the other shoulde followe the same And this was to know euery sodeine accident but in such cases as were to be precisely and secretly declared other wise he ordeined that the message shoulde bée brought by mouth He deuided his armye into two partes which was of the number of fortie thousande persons one part kept the Walles and the other serued to fight abroade of the which twentie thousande were ordinarye and twentie thousande in relyefe All these hadde their place appoynted from the which they might not passe but with lycence and repayred to the same at the sight of a token Of the other side the Numantines ceased not to assaulte the Warde some-time on one side and sometime on an other but the defence was so meruaylous and so sodeyne and the multitude of Standerdes so great and the number of menne so manye which at the sounde of a Trompe euen as it were in a moment came to the wall the noyse of the drommes so terrible that many times the Numantines remayned amazed This enclosure that compassed sixe mile and more Scipio euery day and euery night paced went ouer in his owne person to sée what was done The enimies being thus shut from al hope of reliefe could not long continue There was one Ritogenes one of the chiefe of the Citie who with fiue companions and as many seruaunts and horses in a darke night passed from the Towne to the Trench and with Ladders for the purpose skaled the same taking the watch a sleepe with their deuices cōueyed ouer their horses went to the Citie of the Aruaceanes and as humble suiters besought them to help the poore Numantines their kinsmen and neighbours The Aruaceanes did them no hurte but for feare charged them to depart From thence they went to Lucia a strong Citie where the youth was enclyned to fauour them But the auncients sent word of it to Scipio he in the night went foorth and by breake of day had compassed the Citie and required the heades of the young men to be giuen him they aunswered that they were fledde and gone He menaced to sacke their Towne except they were delyuered Wherfore for feare they brought them foorth to the number of foure hundred whose handes Scipio cutte off and went his way The Numantines oppressed with the miserie of famine and penurie sent fiue men to Scipio to know what clemencie he would vse with them if they did render The chiefe of the fiue stoode greatly vpon his honour and magnified the purpose of the Numantines who so valyauntly had stood to y e defence of their lybertie wyues and children and affirmed that it should be a thing cōuenient to the noble nature of Scipio to take pittie of so noble a people Wherefore quoth hée receyue vs to thy mercye with conuenient punishment or come and fight with vs that we may dye like men Scipio who knewe well ynough how it was with them required that they should simply render themselues to his discretion which aunswere when it was reported to the Numātines like men madde and furious they killed the v. messengers as bringers of euil news so fierce was their nature by continuall calamitie not accustomed to obey And after they had spent all their beastes and fedde vpon Lether suppled in water last of all they fell to eating of deade mens flesh whiche they either founde decayed or killed them selues where vppon their nature was become like the noriture that they tooke and at length conquered with famine and pestilence they yealded to Scipio Hée commaunded them to bring foorth all their armour and come them-selues into a place appoynted But they deferred the day bicause some desired to ende their lyues by famine in the lybertie of their countrey Such hyghe courage was in this lyttle Citie that so many tymes had driuen the Romaynes to make such accorde with them as they neuer dydde wyth anye other Natyons Euerye man knoweth what a Capitaine this Scipio was that laye at the siege with thréescore thousand men yet they with their eight thousand prouoked him many
downe the walls of their Cities and they y t did not obey should looke for all extremitie They hauing no time to consult with their neighbours and supposing it had ben but a seuerall cōmaundement afraid of a further inconuenience wer compelled to obey and so in one day al the cities about the riuer Iberus wer defaced by the policie of the Capitaine continued quiet a long time after In processe of time for lack of competent ground to occupy there was a new tumult among the people for the appeasment whereoff Fuluius Flaccus was sent who droue y e people to their holdes but one great rout kept to-gether at Complega which was wel fortified newly buylded They greatly molested the Romains sent a message in mockerie to Flaccus that he should leaue a Iacke an Horse and a Sword for so many as he had killed and flye out of Spayne before he had any more hurt he sent them worde he would shortly bring amongs them many moe Iackes than they shoulde vouchsafe well to thinke well off and incontinent layd siege to their Citie They nothing aunswerable to their late brauerie and lustinesse ran their way he spoyled all the country Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus succéeded Flaccus when the Celtiberians had besieged the Citie of Carabia friend to the Romaines y e citie was at poynt to be rendred bicause the siege was so streight Gracchus could not send them word of his comming wherfore he deuised with a Capitaine of his called Cominius which could speake y t countrey language very well clad him with a Spanish Iack who got among them that went a forraging so from the Campe fled into the Citie told the selye besieged that the Romaines were at-hande wherefore they endured the siege and in thrée daies by the comming of Gracchus were delyuered of the same Out of the Citie of Complega ther issued xx M. with branches of Olyue in their handes in token of supplycation and being come nigh the Romaines they set fiercely vpon thē put them to great trouble Gracchus of purpose forsooke his campe fayned to fly away whiles they wer about the spoyle he returned vpon thē slew so many of them y t he got y e town wherin after he had staid a certein while he gaue the lands of the country to such as had néede of ground whō vpō certeine conditions and bondes he confedered with the people of Rome which capitulatiō did good seruice in all the warres that followed and by this meane the name of Gracchus was notable in Spayne and also in Rome where he had Tryumph Certeine yeares after there arose a cruell warre in Spayne by this occasion A Cittie of Celtiberia called Segeda being comprised in the articles of Gracchus allured certeine towns to them and reedified their wals whose example induced the Tithians another nation of Celtiberia to doe the lyke The Senate forbad them the buylding of the Walls and required the tribute and their seruice according to the composition of Gracchus They aunswered that they were forbidden y e building of any new cities but not the repairing of their olde and that the tribute which they wer bound to paye was after forgiuen of the Senate and so it was in deede but all such priuiledges were vnderstand for y e time that they continued faithful to the people of Rome wherfore Quintius Fuluius Nobilior was chosen capitaine against them with an armie of xxx M. Whan the Segedanes had knowledge of his comming bicause their wals were not finished they fled to y e Arasthianes desiring them to be receiued with their wiues and children and they were content And chose one Carus a Segedane their generall capitaine a man expert in feats of war He iii. dayes after he was capitaine laid an ambushment of xx M. in a place for the purpose and assalted the Romaines as they passed The fight continued doubtfull but at length Carus had the victory and killed vi thousande of the verye Romaines borne which was a great losse but in following the chase rashly the horsemen of the Romaines that warded the cariage set vpon him and slew him fighting most valyauntly the murther there was great and greater had bene if the darkenesse of the night had not stayed the same This was done the next day after the feast of Vulcan in Rome at which time the Romaines would neuer after take any battaile in hand The Arastianes assembled in Numantia a strong citie and chose Arathane Lencone for their capitaines Nobilior went thither with-in thrée dayes and camped thrée myle off Massinissa sent him iii. C. horses of Numidia and x. Elephants with the which he made order for to fight and placed the Elephants behinde with a deuise that way shoulde bée made for them And when the onset was giuen away was opened for the Elephants which so affraid the enimies and their horse that they fledd The Romaine capitaine followed to the harde walles and did verye well till one of the Elephants had a blow on the heade with a stone that was cast from the wall with the which he became so frowarde and so raging that he turned vpon his frindes and beate downe all that was in his way and the other affraide with his roaring did the like thrusting throwing the Romaines to y e grounde And this is the discommoditie of Elephantes which when they beginne to rage there is no rule with them and therefore be they called common enimies The Romaines by this occasion fledde with such disorder that the Numantines issued out and slewe iiii M. of them and tooke thrée Elephants and many ensinges when Nobilior had recouered himselfe hée went to beate the Citie of Apenio which was a great reliefe to the enimies but he did nothing there but retourned by night with losse to his campe He sent Blesius capitaine of the horsemen so confeder with a coūtrie for succour of horse-men who in his returne fell in an Ambushment where his friendes forsooke him and he very manfully fighting was slaine and all most all the Romaines And vppon these daylye losses the Citie of Ocile where the Romaine munition treasure was rendered to the Celtiberians wherefore Nobiliar was driuē to such shift as he lay all that winter in the fielde and sustained such disease with hunger and colde that many perished pitifully The yeare following Claudius Marcellus came in his place bringing with him viii M. men v. C. horse where his enimies had layd ambushment for him he auoyded it with all his hoast layd seage to Ocile and at the first assalt tooke it And vppon the receipt of certaine pledges xxx Talentes of golde he pardoned the Citie The Nertobriganes sent vnto Marcellus to knowe his pleasure what they might doe to obtaine peace hée bad them send him an hundred horse and they should haue it they were content appointed y e
at their pleasure Wherefore Brutus considered that it was impossible to ioyne with them all and a rebuke to let them continue and small glorie to ouercome them wherefore he thought best to assaulte their holdes thinking when euerye man was driuen to defende his owne their broode shoulde bée the sooner broken So following this deuise hée beate downe all he could meete The woemen were in the warre with their husbandes and shewed such manlye heartes that when they were killed they did not cast forth one worde Manye fledde into the mountaines and for lacke of foode required pardon whiche he fréely gaue them and tooke their pray When hée hadde thus done hée passed the Ryuer Orio and raunged ouer the countrie taking pledges of them that accorded with him And he went ouer the flodde Lima where no Romaine had done so much and from thence to the Ryuer Niben and ledde his armie against the Braccarianes bicause they had stopped vitaile that came vnto him These be people with whome their wiues goeth to warre and dye valiauntly without any shrinking or scryking and whē they fight they neuer flée nor any whit lament when they die Many of these being taken the women to auoyde captiuitie killed their children and afterwardes themselues choosing rather to dye worthily than to liue wretchedly Thus Brutus wan much and came to a citie called Labrica whiche had many times broken promise with him and once againe they desired pardon and rendred themselues he required all the fugitiues of the Romaines all their armour and certeine pledges and last of all that they should forsake their city which when it was done hée called them to a Parlaiment in the whiche hee reproued them of their ofte rebellion and breaking of their promise with so sharpe words that they feared some grieuous punishment being on ech side enclosed with al the army but he rested satisfied with repeting them with this reproch and refrained from further vengance And when he had taken their corne and their common treasure from them contrarie to all mens opinion he let thē dwell in their owne citie Thinges being thus ended it fell out that he must returne to Rome And before he went it chaunced that Viriatus sent to him iii. Ambassadors Aulace Ditalcone and Minuro to treat of accorde which Ambassadors by faire promises were corrupted did agrée for a some of mony and other thinges to kill their tapitaine the valiant Viriatus This Viriatus was a man of verye small sléepe though his trauaile were neuer so great And for the most part slept in in his harnes bicause he might bée readie at all assayes And it was lawfull for any souldiour to come and speake with him by night whiche vse the traytours knewe and at the first sléepe entering into his tent as though they had had some matters of weightie importance they cut his throate for otherwise they could not hurt him being so well armed after whiche villanous déede they went their way safe no man suspecting thē or hearing any noyse When they were come to Cepio they demaunded their rewarde for their fact He grāted them all their possessions and for the rest sent thē to Rome in y e morning they of the campe marueiled y e Viriatus came not forth thought he had reposed himselfe to some ease But in the end when they heard nothing of him certeine of them went in and founde him deade Wherevpon throughout the whole armie there was great dolour as might wel bee no meruaile considering the losse of so good valiant a capitaine and the case that they presētly stoode in one thing greatly grieued them that they could not finde the murtherers They burned his bodie after the manner vppon a great stack of wood with many ornaments and great sacrifices and with their bandes of horsemen rode about it magnifying and praysing him Whan the fire was quenched and the exequies done they made a goodly sepulchre in his honour set forth Iusts attorniaments with most solemne pompe and chalengies man to man so great was the loue and desire that euerye man had of him And surely he was a man most expert in gouerment most circumspect and warie in perill and most bolde and hardie in dispising the same in deuision of any pray or bootie he obserued such iustice as hath not ben heard he wold haue no more for his part thē any other cōmō person had And though they desired him to take prefermēt he would not and that also which fell to his share and portion he gaue away alwayes to them that were forwarde men and valiaunt wherefore he might say y t which none other capitaine coulde for his armie being gathered of a mixture and rifraff of all sorts continued in obedience vnder him viii years w t out any mutinie in y t world and at all daungers were most readie to serue him After him they chose Tantalus to their capitaine who tooke vpon him to assalt Sagunt whiche was nowe Carthage but being repelled from thence and wery of his wandring hée was content to yealde vnto Cepio he tooke their armour from them and gaue thē ground to inhabite bicause they should refraine from robbery pillage After Cepio came Cecilius Metellus subdued the Vacceanes Ther were two strong cities that would not giue ouer Termantia and Numantia of the whiche Numantia was situate in a rocky place deuided with two ryuers fensed with mountaines cōpassed with thicke woods and onely on one side had way to the plaine which was fortified with many ditches and pillaires ouerthwart They were good men on horsebacke and a foote and might make viii M. fighting men the which small number for their worthy valour wrought the Romaines much a do There was of the Romaines xxx thousande men and two thousand horse well trained and practised in war Pompeius lay at the seage at Numantia went forth on a time to viewe a certeyne ground the Numantines came from the hill killed his horsemen wherevpon he with such mē as he had marshalled his hoast and came into the plain to fight The enimies descended downe and affronted them and after as they had bene afraide fledde vp to the hill whither if the Romaines followed they were sure to be lost And so Pompeius euery day had the worst in these skirmishes although his nūber were a great deale more wherefore he brak vp seage went to Termantia as to a more easie enterprice but he founde it of the same nature For at y e first onset he lost 7. C men and a capitaine of x. thousande that brought a conuaye of vittaile was put to flight and thrée times encountred in one day and at length driuen to the Hils and Rockes where many miserably perished both Horse and man and all that night tooke no rest and in the morning were assailed againe and fought all day till night deuided the fight
times to fight But surelye hée was more experte than anye other Capitaine and by his long experience in warres knewe that it was a thing bootelesse and woulde not auayle to fight and deale with such sauage people anye other waye than to subdue them by hunger which is remedilesse and the onelye thing that coulde ouer-throwe the Numantines as it didde in déede They that determined to dye in the space of thrée dayes dispatched them-selues some one way and some an other The other came forth at the place appoynted all deformed and horrible to sée their bodyes wer foule and their hayre long their nayles ouergrowen and ful of filth their garments ill fauoured and worse sauoured and the whole feature of their body vgly and terrible their countenaunce strange fierce their affections cruel beastly being by their dyet tourned from the nature of men The Romaines were asronished at the sight with meruaile at their disposition of bodye and minde they considered the penury the dolour and the paine that they had takeÌ„ they abhorretd he remembrance of their feeding being driuen one to gnawe anothers flesh their infected ayre their perishing by hunger their decay by sword made the Romaines heauie in that their time of ioy Scipio reserued some of them for the triumph and solde the others This capitaine that had ouerthrowne two mighty cities and hard to be taken reserued Carthage that was so great and had Empire both by sea and lande and destroyed Numantia from the foundatioÌ„ that was but little and of smal receipte which he did either bicause it was so expedient for the Romaines or bicause hee was a man of cruell nature to them whom he tooke by force or as some men thinke bicause he thought his glorie should growe by the quantitie of their affliction and therefore he is called Africanus and Numantinus of the calamities that he wrought these two cities Whan he had diuided the countrey of Numantia to the next cities and quieted the suspected places with payment of money he went home by shippe After him came other capitaines and did no great feates sauing onely Didius slew a xx M. Aruaceanes and made y e Citizens of Termeto to leaue their strong situation and dwell in the plaine He also tooke Colenda ix moneths after he had beseaged it And in one thing followed the cruelâ—te of Lucullus for he made a number of Celtiberians beléeue that he would giue them lande to inhabite and apponted them to come to a place assigned with their wiues and children And when they were come in deede he made his armie to kill them euery mothers sonne After him came Flaccus and killed xx M. of them and at the citie of Belgida the people was disposed to rebell and caused the Senatours to consult what was best to be done and bicause they were long or the could conclude they set fire on the place and burned them all After the which time there was no great a doe till Q. Sertorius a noble man of Rome and of the faction of Cinnia made much a doe in Spaine against the Romaines against whom Cecelius Metellus and Gneus Pompeius were sent and after that Certorius was traiterously slayn by Perpenna one of his owne sort Pompey made an end of the warre and slewe Perpenna After him Caius Caesar had somewhat adde with Pompeies childreÌ„ who wer fauoured in y e country and last of al Octauius Cesar subdued them that disobeyed and made an end of them All the which things bicause they were done of the Romaines against Romaines in the time of ciuil warre they be declared in the bookes appropriate to the same And wheÌ„ the Emperour of Rome had the Lordship of all the world and euery land was at his commaundement than Spaine was coÌ„pelled to receiue such gouernment as he did appoint which 〈…〉 president of iustice and a 〈…〉 warre And after the decliâ—â—… 〈◊〉 of the Romaine Empire they râ—â—â—uered libertie and grewe into kingdomes as other countries did FINIS Imprinted at London by Thomas East 1580. After some hee lived but 120. and after some 300. yeares A milcar slaine Ther vve sundry of this name vvhereoft one vvas naturall brother to Annibal The Zacynthiane builded Sagunt Asdrubal slaine by a slaue to reuenge the death of his master The inward grudge and Old malice of Annibal toward the Romaines Sagunt besieged Valiaunt stomacks of the Saguntines Sagunt coÌ„quered Open dâ—fiaunce betvveene Rome and Carthage Called new Barbarie Publius Cornelius Scipio and his brother slaine with too much hardinesse A patterue of a most valiant tovvardly victorius Capâ—â—aine For he vsed many times to go into the TeÌ„ple alone and to shut the dore after him and therevppon vvas thoght to haue coÌ„fereÌ„ce with Iuppiter Numanda besieged vvonne by Scipio Secrecie vvise dealing in a polytique General of great force A vvorthy vvarrior to encourage his souldiors revvardeth ech according to their valyant seruice Vvhich is novv the countrey of Granada A wise capitaine letteth no occasion slip that may anie reayes further his affaires Battaile of Cerbona The veÌ„turous enterprise of Scipio Novv called Biskay Illiturgo vtterly razed and all the inhabytauntes slaine Desperate inuincible courage of the Astapians Mutinie of Souldiours against their capitaine Discipline and pollicy of a noble capitaine Rebellious souldiers executed King Indibilis rebelled and being ouerthrovvn in battaile entred into new league and vvas pardoned Massinissa becoÌ„meth a most faithfull confederate with Scipio and the Romaines Siphax maryed to Sophonisba The country of Traiane and Adriane Emperours Indibilis slaine Cato a most stout Capitaine vehement Orator vvan more cities in Spaine than hee abode daies A notable pollycie of Cato Flouting mockerie requited Biskay Great care and pollicy vsed by Gracchus for the succouring of his besieged friends They that meane mischiefe many times fall into mischiefes themselues Sharp vvar renued Great slaughter of the Romaines Discommodity of Elephants in vvarres Lovvring lucke of Nobilior his companie Double deling of Marcellus VVilfulnes couetousnes of Lucullus Novv called Taio Stout courages with out skill order soon ouerthroâ—…en VVicked shameful dealing of Lucillus Crueltie getteth hatred at all hands Combat betvveene Scipio and an other big chalenger of huge stature Lucullus vntruth breache of promise made him and all his to fare the vvorse Iust deling vertue is beloued euen of the enimies Portugall Romaines through their ovvn folly ouerthrovvne The chaÌ„ce of vvarre diuers Neither barrel better Hering Viriatus a stout vvarriour and vvorthy Capitaine Ventidius slaine and his army discomfited Profperous successe of Viriatus Fannius praysed The Romaines and Viriatus friendes louers Viriatus his policie Manlye heartes in vvomen Novv Rio Cauado Braga in Portingale DescriptioÌ„ of Viriatus hovv he vvas traiterouslye murdered Praise of Viriatus Cartagena Numantia now called Soria Pompeius his men for laide vnto by the NumaÌ„tines TermaÌ„tines Desperate dealinges Pompei greatly troubled in minde for his losses mishap at the siege of Numantia Double dealing of Pompei vvith the NumaÌ„tines Deuise of Flaccus to saue himself and his men Famine and mortalitie able to dant euen the stoutest Vnnaturale more theÌ„ brutish vnkindnesse to leaue our friends and companions in extremitie Mancinus â—eprochfully vsed The noble victorious Scipio The vvarlyke discipline of Scipio The Authour of this history Polllcie of Scipio to vvinne the citie by famine The riuer Duero chaâ—ned ouer Valiant enterprise of Ritogenes Punishment of vvilful vvilde yong heads Hunger maketh the stoutest to stoupe The miserarable lamentable state of the Numantins Numantia conquered by Scipio Crueltie falshod of Lidius
accustomed Angell had appeared vnto him and giuen him courage to fight forasmuch as victory did rather consist in the ayde of God then in the number of men And that they might beléeue him the better he caused the Maisters of the Ceremonies and sacrifices to report what they saw in the same And whiles he was about this matter behold a number of birds came flying ouer him which béeing wont to be taken for a luckie token he did not let it passe but tourned his body and sight toward their flight and as a man in furie cryed to the armie to behold this token of victory At the sight whereoff euerye man tourned himselfe as he did and required that they might go fight When he perceiued his deuise to take place he said he would follow the signes of heauen and ordered his men for the battaile And when the souldiours had taken repast he committed the horsemen to Sillanus and the footemen to Laelius and Martius When the Capitaines of the enimies sawe this sodaine assault they armed themselues with great confusion hauing yet taken no repast The onset was giuen on both partes at once as well by the horsemē as footemen The Numidians that were there with Massimssa vsed to come fearsely vpon their enimies spende their Darts and then retyre when they had a while fled they would returne as fearsly againe Scipio had deuised that the Romaines should follow thē so neare with speare in rest that their launching tooles shold stand them in little stéede And so they had y e worst in that fight but the footemē of the Romaines were so ouerlayd with the multitude of the others that all the day they had the worst although Scipio neuer ceased to encourage refresh them til at the last he left his horse taking a tergate from a souldiour stept into y e middest of them cryed now Romaines helpe your capitaine help your Scipio in this daūger at the which partly for shame partly for feare of their capitain they thrust vpon the enimies w c such vyolence y t they coulde not endure their force for y t they were with long fighting lack of sustenance very faint being now neigh night hauing catē nothing all y e day This was y e battayl at Cerbona Wher y e victory was a great while doubtful of y e Romanes viii C. and of the Carthaginians x. M. fiue C. were slaine After this losse the Carthaginians retyred more more til Scipio droue thē to a place wher they were conueniently strong had reliefe of all things Wherefore Scipio left Sillanus to beseage them he himself went further into Spaine Sillanus did so wel w t his enimies that they recoiled stil till they came to the streict passed ouer to Gades Annibal had sēt for his brother Asdrubal y t was prouiding mē at North Spaine to come to him into Italy And bicause he would deceiue Scipio he tooke his way Northerly by y e moūtaines Hyrenaei In this meane time Liuius was come frō Rome to succéed Scipio told him y t the Senate minded to sēd him into Affrica against Carthage which enterprice he had long desired was glad of it He sent Laelio into Barbaria to Siphax w t many giftes requesting him of aliance if hée came into Affrick for y e former loue y t had bene w t him his auncesters Siphax promised so to be receiuing y e gifts sent likwise to Scipio When the Carthaginians vnderstoode this they also made out Asdrubal to Siphax to require him of confederacie whiche whē Scipio heard he thought to preuent him w c two Gallies sailed to Barbary whē he was cōming y e galies of Carthage y t were before him lay in wait for him but by y t benifite of the wynd he escaped got y e port Siphax gaue gētle entertainmēt to thē both and priuely cōcluded leage with Scipio and sent him away The Carthaginians had laide for him againe but yet by good fortune he againe escaped A number of the inhabitants beyond the ryuer called Celtiberians were in Campe with Hanno whom Martius droue to such a strait that they were forced to send him messēgers to treat of accord he bad them first deliuer their Captaine and the fugitiues then expounde their message they tooke their captaine the fugitiues brought thē to Martius he required also the prisoners they brought thē then he commaunded them to delyuer him their mony and come downe to the plaine for it was not méete that they whiche sewed for pardon shoulde kéepe a place of strength When they were come downe hée saide vnto them Although yee haue deserued to die hauing forsaken your countrey that obeyeth vs and serued our enimies yet I am content to let you all goe safe if you wil leaue your armour At the whiche word they were so agreeued that they cryed out and said they would rather die then so to doe wherevpon began a cruell fight in the which the halfe of the Celtiberians were manfullye slaine Sillanus went to receiue a citie called Castace but whē he came there he was repulsed wherof he sent word to Scipio who made readie to come vnto it and by the way assaulted the Citie of Illiturgo This citie when the Scipiones were aliue was friend to the Romaines but after their death plaied a traiterous part and delyuered the Romaines to the Carthaginians Scipio remembred this iniurie in foure houres destroyed it and although he were wounded in the neck yet he gaue not ouer til he had y e victory wherfore the souldiers without any cōmandement despising al spoile killed men women childrē laid y e city to the ground Being come to Castace he Marshalled his camp in iii. seueral places refrained from fight to sée what they would do The citizēs renouncing y e garisō of the Carthaginians deliuered the citie to the Romaines where Scipio left a man of their owne to gouerne it Ther was a citie called Astapa which had continued in faith with y e Carthaginians was beseiged of Martius They of the citie considering that if they were taken they shoulde be sold as slaues caused al their ritches substance to be brought into the market place layde a stacke of woode about it set their wiues children vpon it Then did they choose fifty of their best men and bound them by othe that if their citie were taken they should first kill their wiues children than themselues hauing first set al on fire when they had called y e Gods into witnesse of their purpose they came out assalted Martius y t looked for nothing lesse at the first brunt put y e light horsemen to flight the battaile of footemē made resistance fought it out The Astapians shewed great prowesse though they were inferiour in nūber yet were they nothing inferiour in
number which followed the taile of the armie did euermore some hurt to the caryage when they were come in Marcellus sight they offred their seruice and excused y e offence to be done by thē that knewe not the accorde but Marcellus deteined stil with him the men as prisoners and solde their horses and made a rode into their country laid seage to y e citie which whē they saw they sent an haralde with a Wolfes skinne in stéede of a rod to demaund pardon Marcellus said if the Arbaceanes Bellanes Tithianes woulde in treate for them they shold haue their request They were content so to do desired Marcellus that they might haue a moderate punishment and be conteined in the conditions of Gracchus But some there were y e would not agrée to it bicause ther had bene variunce betweene them wherefore Marcellus sent them Ambassadours of both parties to Rome to dispute their cause before the Senate Hée wrot priuate letters exhorting to accord Whē they were come to Rome y e Ambassadors of their friends were lodged within the citie they which were of their enimies without The Senate was not disposed to peace gaue them none other aunswere but that Marcellus shoulde declare vnto them the will of the Senate apointed a new army of the which Lucius Lucullus was capitaine And thē was the first time that the souldiours wer taken vp by hap and not by election as was wont to be wherefore many citizens were offended The Leifetenant of the armie was Lucius Cornelius Scipio whiche afterwarde tooke Carthage and Numantia Marcellus protested war against the Celtiberians and yet kept still with him the Ambassadour that had ben at Rome and all was to make an ende of the warre before the comming of Lucullus Certeine people of the Arbaceanes tooke Nertobridge made their chiefe resort to Numantia whither he marched camped within v. mile of the citie The capitain of the Numātines called Lintenone desired to speake with Marcellus which being to him graunted they cōcluded that y e Bellanes Titthianes and Arbaceanes should remaine be lest frée wherevpon mony pledges were receiued so the war of this people was ended before the comming of Lucullus Now began y e time of y e Romaines declination from their auncient puritie and state for notwithstanding y e peace was made by the Romaine cōsull yet Lucullus for desire of glorye couetous of mony inuaded the Vacceanes who had neuer offended the Romaines He passed the ryuer Tagus without any commisson from the Senate and camped at Cancea they of the towne came forth to know the cause why he lay there he aunswered to reueng the Carpentanes whō they had iniuried with this aunswere they retourned And when the Romaines went a foraging they lay in a waite set vpon them slew many of them droue y e rest to their camp wherefore he came out against them in order and they a long time had the better hande but when they had wasted their shotte and not experte in firme battaile they tourned their backs at the streightnesse of the gate thrusting one another very many were slaine The next day the olde men of the towne came out to know what they might doe to bée friendes with the Romaines Lucullus bad them to bring vnto him pledges and an C. talents of gold and to serue him in the warres They graunted all than he required his garrison to be receiued they were likewise content Then put he in two M. picked men commaunded them to be sure of the gats the wals which being done he entred with all his hoast gaue commaundement to kill man and childe without respect so were they cruelly murdered slaine calling the Godds to witnes of their iniurie receiued at the Romaines hands Lucullus sacked the Citie and for reward wan to the Romaines a perpetuall slaunder The other people drewe together into strong places burned all such things as they could not carrie bicause they woulde leaue nothing for Lucullus he made a long voyage in desert places and at length came to a Citie called Endecacia wher xx M. were assembled Than he like a fond man moued them to accord they obiected vnto him the calamitie of the Causeanes demaunding if he woulde bring them to lyke amitie Wherfore he being in a rage as al men be that haue done euill who rather ought to repent spoyled all the countrey then layde siege to the Citie They of the towne came out and skirmished and so kept him occupyed There was one among them of a goodly stature and faire in armes that came many times forth and challenged any Romaine to fight hand to hande and bicause none tooke the defence he flouted and scorued the Romaines and went his way Thus he vsed long time till Scipio a man of smal stature could no longer stay himselfe but would néedes fight with him and by good fortune killed him as great as he was There was a company of the Citie that wer gone for a conuay of vittayle before Lucullus came bicause they could not enter the Citie they came by night gaue alarme to the Campe and they of the Citie did the lyke so y e they wer sore troubled in the host and besides this they wer not accustomed with the meates of y e countrey hauing neither salt oyle nor vineger they eate all things fresh wherby they were sicke of the fluxe many of them died When the ramperes were finished they battered the wall and entered the citie but by very fine force they wer repelled and in the retire fell into a fenne and the more part perished They of the Citie repayred the wall by night In continuaunce of time their want wared so great that they were not able to hold out and yet would not yéelde for the vntruth of Lucullus Wherefore Scipio tooke the matter in hand and promised that in the accorde no fraude should be vsed They were content to trust him bicause of y e great fame and renowme that was generallye reported of him They were content to giue to the Romaines x. M. Iackes fiftie pledges and a number of Cattaile Lucullus that sought for nothing but mony required golde and siluer thinking to finde plentie there but he was deceiued for those people did not care so greatly for it and had none to giue him After this league he went to the citie of Pallantia which was of more strength better defenced with men and all other things necessary he had counsaile not to meddle with it but yet he had hope to be enriched by it his expectation fayled for the Horsemen of the Pallantines kept him alwayes so from vitaile that he fell in lacke and was forced to depart and they followed him to the riuer Orio which he passed and tooke places for his Winter herborow There was an other Countrey
from Rome Viriatus inuaded the rich countrey of Carpentania and without all feare spoyled at his pleasure Caius Plantius came from Rome with x. M. mē a M.iii. C. horse Thā Viriatus pretended to fly after whom he sent iiii M. men which were almost all destroyed and slaine He passed the riuer Tagus and camped in an hill ful of Oliues although it wer called Venus Mount There Plantius came vpon him and made hast to recouer his dishonour and after a sore fight he was discomfited and compelled shamefully to flye with great losse of his men the rest of the Sommer he kept within townes and durst not come foorth Viriatus went abroade the countryes requiring paiment for the sauing of their Corne. When these newes were known at Rome they sent Q. Fabius Maximus Emilianus sonne of that Emilius that ouercame Perseus king of Macedonie They gaue him authoritie to take what men he would he to giue respite to the olde souldiours tooke vp young men of the first beard hauing no practise in warre and came to Orsone a Citie of Spain w t xv M. men ii M. horse but he durst not enterprise to take any battaile in hand till he had trayned his men in feates of armes and bene at Gades to Sacrifice to Hercules Viriatus met with a company of his men that went a forraging killed the most part whom being againe set in arraye and order by their Leader the same Viriatus discomfited the second time and tooke a great praye from them When Maximus was come he durste not fight in open field but kept his men in exercises and gaue them leaue to skirmish to proue their hearts and to espie the aduauntage of his enimies doings When he went for vittayle he warded the Dimilances with men of armes that scoured the countrey as he had séene his father Paulus doe in Macedonia After the Winter hée came forth to battaile and ouercame Viriatus and put him to flight and of two Cities that he kept he tooke the one burned the other droue him to an holde called Vecor then went to herborow at Corduba Now was Viriatus nothing so brag as he was wont to be but sought helpe induced the Arbaceanes Titthianes and Bellanes al warlyke people that had kept warre of themselues to take his part which was an occasion of great a doe Viriatus was in an other part of Spaine and fought with Quintus Pompeius that was an other Capitaine of the Romaines and had the losse and from thence fled to Aphrodisio Venus Hill and from thence came sodeinly vppon the Romaines and put them to flight and tooke some of their Standards and chased them into their Campe and then droue awaye the garrison and Warde from Vtica and sacked the countrey of the Basetanes Quintus sending vnto them no ayde for lacke of knowledge and courage but remayned in house till Sommer was ended The yeare after Fabius Maximus brother to Emilianus succéeded Quintus and had two Legions of the Romaines other of their friendes that ther was xviii M. men a. M.vi C. horse He wrote to Micypsa king of Numidia that in hast he should sende him succour of Elephants and with a part of his armie went toward Vtica and by the way Viriatus gaue him alarme with great shoutes and terrible behauiour but he repulsed him without losse When x. Elephants were come from Africa he camped in a large field and fought with Viriatus and put him backe but at one time when the Romaines chased with out order he tourned vpon them and killed thrée M. droue the rest within and followed so hard that he found few or none in the way towarde the Campe but they were fled into their Cabbins out of the which the Capitaines had much a doe to draw them and had it not bene for Fannius sonne in law to Laelius who shewed y t night great wisedome and manhoode the Romaines had bene vtterlye destroyed Viriatus ceased not neither by the darke of night nor by the heate of day to molest them with all deuice till Emilianus had mooued his campe to Vtica Viriatus being distressed for lacke of vittayle and hauing a small armie burned his Campe by night and went into Lusitania After whose departure Emilianus spoyled the countrey and fiue Cities that had succoured him and from thence hée went by Cunea and so into Lusitania against Viriatus By the way two Kingleaders of Romaine théeues did him much displeasure which were called Curius and Apuleius Curius was afterward slayne and Emilianus recouered his losse and tooke diuers Cities of the which some he spoyled and some hee pardoned and of x. M. prisoners he beheaded fiue hundred and killed the rest This done he passed ouer the Wynter and went to Rome hauing bene two yeare in Office His brother Maximus Emilianus tooke a Capitaine of théeues by yéelding and pardoned him and cut off the handes of the other He followed Viriatus and layd siege to Frisana into the which Viriatus got in by night and the next daye came so sodeinlye and fiercely out that first the Pieners and then the Souldiours fledde whome he droue to such barrein and wylde Mountaynes that they had no hope of escape Viriatus was not too proud of this victory but thought that now hée had a good occasion to make an honourable peace with the Romaines And so vpon treatie it was concluded that he shoulde bée taken as the Romaines friend al they that wer vnder him should remain Lords of such possessions as they had Thus had this war an ende by y e benefit of a Romain enimie But it did not long continue For Cepio Brother to Emiliane thought it dishonourable to the name of Rome and not to be ratified The Senate was content that hée should séeke new matter to fal out with him But he ceased not writing till the league was openly reiected Wherefore by this authouritie Cepio went against Viriatus and tooke the citie of Arsa whiche Viriatus had forsaken and was retired bicause he had no conuenient power He ouer tooke him at Carpentania and hadde farre greater power than Viriatus had wherefore Viriatus woulde not fight with him but sent away y e most part of his men by a priuie path and placed the rest vppon an hill in order of battaile and when he knew them to be come to the place which he appointed he set spurres to the horse with such spéede and celeritie that y e Romaines might cast their cappes at him so with y e scorne of his enimie he saued himselfe Cepio sacked the Vettones and y e Callecianes in Portugal many followed y e example of Viriatus liued of Robbing Sextus Iulius was sent against them who founde more a do than at the first he supposed the countrey was so great and the riuers so many as Taio Linia Leca or rather Lima Duero Gauda Loquitur Betis all Nauigable that they might escape