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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A30864	The art of metals in which is declared the manner of their generation and the concomitants of them : in two books / written in Spanish by Albaro Alonso Barba ... curate of St. Bernards parish in the imperial city of Potosi, in the kingdom of Peru in the West-Indies, in the year 1640 ; translated in the year 1669 by the R. H. Edward, Earl of Sandwich.; Arte de los metales. English	Barba, Alvaro Alonso, b. 1569.; Sandwich, Edward Montagu, Earl of, 1625-1672.	1674 (1674)	Wing B682; Wing B678; ESTC R17204	82,457	255

Silver those very ancient Mines of Andacava are admired by all Miners for their vast depth and admirable contrivance and plenty of Oar which is such as promises continual employment for half the Indians of this Kingdom Those of Tabacco Nunio are near unto a Lake called by the same name have such wonderful and costly engines appertaining to them that the building of them hath consumed a great part of the treasure of this Kingdom that Lake contains so much water as would make a running river all the year long with which there goes day and night a hundred Silver Mills which grind the Oar which is gotten from its own banks Within the bounds of Potosi also are the Mines of Guariguare Caricari Piquiza la vera Cruz Sipoto and many others In the Lipes there be Farms of Mines of greater fame namly that of St. Isabel of new Potosi the name whereof doth not more predicate its beauty than doth the amenity of the mountain and the richness of the Oar that is found there La Trinidad is a wonderfull rich Mine there be also the Mines of Esmoruco el Bonete which they call so because the top of the mountain is like a Bonnet Xanquegua the new world which hath been discovered in my time yields very rich veins of Mettal namely Abilcha todos Santos Osloque St. Christoval de Achocalia Sabalcha Montes claros and many others In the Chicas are St. Vincent Tatasi Monserrat Esmoraca Tasna Sbina Chorolque old and new Chocaya which to the shame and astonishment of the Miners hath been now last of all found out and is one of the richest in all Peru. CHAP. 28. Continuing the discourse of the last Chapter touching the Mines of Silver THe Province of the Charcas besides the rich mountain of Potosi which alone was sufficient to eternize its name and the other Mines aforesaid that are round about it hath also the Mines of Yaco or the mountain of miracles those of St. Pedro de buena vista and those of Malcocota there is Silver Oar also found near unto Cayanta and also in Paccha and Tarabuco not far from Chuquisaca and in other places Within the Jurisdiction of Panna stand the three great mountains St. Christoval Pie de Gallo and la Flamenca which together make up those Mines which they call of Oruro that famous Town which is near unto them In the neighbourhood of Oruro also are the Mines of Avicaya Berenguela Cicacica la Hoya y Colloquiri which although it is a Mine of Tin yet now and then in following the veins thereof they meet with rich Oar of Silver which they call Lipta In the Province of the Pacages is the rich Mine of Berenguela with the mountains of Santa Juana Tampaya and others and in the bounds of the City de la Paz there are the Mines of Choquepina Pacocava Tiaguanaco and divers others briefly all these Provinces are nothing but a continued Mine and notwithstanding so great a number of Mines are opened at this day yet it is certain that there be many more known unto the Indians which they craftily have concealed from us till this present There is a certain tradition in this Country of an incomparable rich Mine belonging to the Village of Chaqui four leagues from this Imperial City although at present the sight of it is not known divers Indians having killed themselves out of obstinacy that they might not discover it There goes no less fame of the Mine which they call de los Encomenderos in the Province of the Lipes which name was given it divers years ago by the Indians who getting a great quantity of Silver out of that Mine gave that Treasure unto two Spaniards whom they dispatched away into Spain as their Agents they were two brothers of the sirname of Tapias whereupon this rich Province was incorporated into the Crown Whilest I was Curate of this place I spoke with many of the Country people that told me they had helped to load and conduct that riches unto the Port of Arica where it was put on Shipboard it is agreed on all hands that the abovesaid report is true although at present that Mine remains undiscovered which I do not at all wonder at when I consider that all the Mines that are wrought in that Province have been found out and first taken say of by the Spaniards themselves without lighting upon any one ancient work of the Indians whereof no doubt there were formerly very rich ones as appears by the choice Stones and pieces of Oar which Indians have given me without discovering whence they had them and the very streets of the Town when I was Curate there were full of small grains of rich Oar which I swept up and made profit of it In the plains of Julloma in the Pacages the Indians anciently have wrought Mines which at this day remain undiscovered It hath been a vast quantity of small pieces of Plate which they call Corriente that the Spaniards have bought up among this people and I my self have gotten there some of the remainders of that sort of Silver these grounds together with the colour and beauty of the mountains makes one rationally to suspect that Country to be fertile of rich Mettal but it is more certain that there are rich Mines in the Parish of Caquingora in the same Province of the Pacages because I have seen Stones of rich Oar picked out of the paving of their streets and the walls of their houses The same report goes also of divers of the neighbour Towns and a constant fame that in the time of the Ingas each of the parties had their particular Mines CHAP. 29. Of Copper and the Mines thereof THe Sulphureous parts do predominate in the composition of Copper and from their distempered heat rises the fiery colour of that Mettal when it is melted it smells more of Brimston than any other Mettal and because it is over-burnt in its composition therefore it is less subject to injury or corruption by the air earth or water as for the same reason Coals are not subject to such like accidents they use Copper about engines of long duration because it never rusteth as Steel and Iron doth and for the same reason it was highly esteemed by the Ancients who made the bolts and nails of their Ships their weapons and other instruments of this Mettal which also we found in use among the Natives of this Kingdom Copper is engendred in mineral Stones of divers colours although ever the most predominant colour is blew or green it is engendred in the same places with Gold and Silver and oftentimes in following a vein of pure Copper they have met with a nest of the finest Gold but it is more familiar to have its veins change into Silver and those veins of Copper that make any shew above ground commonly prove very rich as they are dug deeper and consequently are more moist The Mine of Osloque in the Lipes was at the top in

it but Ammoniac which in Greek signifies Salt of the sand and underneath the sand of the Sea shore I suppose it is found congealed in little pieces by its internal heat and the continual burning of the Sun baked so much that it is made the bitterest to taste of all kind of Salt Goldsmiths use it more than the Physicians It is one of those they call the four spirits because the fire will convert them into smoak and so they fly away the other three are 1. Quicksilver 2. Sulphur 3. Saltpeter It hath a particular property to cleanse and colour Gold and is put into the composition of that Aqua-fortis that dissolves it At this day we have little knowledge of the true Nitre which was anciently made of the water of the river Nilus although Albertus Magnus saith that in Goselaria there was a mountain that contained a very rich Mine of Copper and the water that issued out at the bottom of it being dried became Nitre We know little also of Aphonitro which is but as it were the froth of Nitre Borax which is called by the Spaniards Chrysolica and Atincar is an artificial sort of Nitre made of Urines stirred togethet in the heat of the Sun in a Copper Pan with a Ladle of the same until it thicken and coagulate although others make it of Salt-Ammoniac and Allum Nitre is bitterer than Salt but less Salt Saltpeter is the mean between them two and consists of very dry and subtile parts it grows in the walls of old Houses and in Stables Cow houses Hog-sties and Dove-coats it will grow again in the same Earth it was taken out of if that Earth be throwen in heaps and spared and taken care of or if ordinary Earth be cast up into heaps and watered with brackish water after some years it will give a great encrease as profitable as crops of Grain The use of it in making of Gunpowder and Aqua-fortis is very well known It is used also in the melting of Mettals as shall be shewn hereafter CHAP. 9. Of Juices which the Spaniards call Betunes THe Betune is one of the things that does most damage of all unto Mettals especially in the melting of them because it burns them and makes them become dross if they be not cleared of the Betune before they be put into a fierce fire There be twelve sorts of Betune viz. Asphalto Pissasphalto Naptal la Piedra Gagete Azabache Ampelites Maltha Piedra Thracia Carbones de Mina Ambar de Cuentas Ambar Olorosa Alcanfor But few of these sorts are found mixed with Metals All Betunes are the oyliness or fat of the Earth and although some are of opinion that Alcanphor is the weeping or Gum of the Tree Capar in the Island of Zebat and the Amber of another Hearb called Polco in Spanish whereunto it is commonly found sticking And to the smelling Amber they ascribe for its original a great Fish in the Sea like a Whale because there is great resemblance between it and sperma Ceti Nevertheless that doth not hinder that such substances also may like sweat as it were issue forth of the Earth and make these Juices called Betunes Asphalto is found in the Lake of Sodom or the dead Sea in Judea whereinto runneth the river Jordan three leagues from the City of Jericho It is nothing else but an oyly froth that swims on the surface of the water of that Lake agitated and driven by the winds and waves a-shore and there condenses and hardens It is like unto Pitch but harder and of a better colour Before God overthrew those wicked Cities of Sodom Gomorrha Admah and Seboim that fertile valley had little of this Betune in it as may be collected from Gen. Chap. 14. These are found also in many other places and Provinces some whereof use them to make Candles with instead of Oyl and although in Peru they have not been curious in further search then how best to work their Oar of Gold and Silver yet by the plenty of them that the Indians bring it is known that there are of them in the Cordillera de la Chiriguanes in the frontiers of Lomnia although they have little access to them because they be in the power of the Indians that maintain war against the Spaniard The Pissasphalto is a natural composition of Asphalto and Paz and so the colour of it declares and for want of the true natural Pissasphalto they counterfeit it of those two materials La Napthe is a sulphurous liquor sometimes white and sometimes black also and is that which is called Oyl of Peter of admirable vertue to cure old pains proceeding from cold causes It will draw fire to it as the Loadstone does Iron with that force that it will take fire at a great distance from the flame as hath been confirmed by the miserable experience of the Conde de Hercules de Icontrarii of the Country of Ferara who having a Well in his ground the water whereof was mixed with Petreol and by some breaches or cracks in the Well much of this water ran to waste commanded it to be repaired the Laborer that was let down into the bottom of the Well desired a Candle the better to see his work which was furnished him in a Lanthorn and immediately through the holes of the Lanthorn the Napthe suckt the flame into it self and set fire on the whole Well which discharged it self instantly like a great piece of Cannon and blew the poor man into pieces and took off an arm of a Tree that hung over the Well The Conde himself told the story to Matiolo who reports it in his Dioscorides Asphalto and Pissasphalto melt in the fire as Pitch or Wax and by that they are distinguished from the Piedra Gagate or Ascabache and also from Pit-coal which burns and consumes it self away like Tea or any other sort of wood As yet I have not heard whether there be any Betunes in these Provinces although I perswade my self there be if they were sought for CHAP. 10. Of Sulphur and Antimony SUlphur is a Mineral the most universally known of any It is made of an Earthy unctuous substance and very hot to that degree that it is esteemed to be nearest of kin to the Element of fire of any compounded substance The Chymists call it the Masculine seed and Natures first agent in all generation and they say that the difference between one thing and another arises from the divers preparations and mixtures of Sulphur and Quicksilver It hath happened to an Apothecary that going about to make a salve compounded of those two materials he has found the result to be a Plate of fine silver After many considerations of this substance Thophrastus Paracelsus proceeds to contemplate the wonders produced by Sulphur and saith that God by an especial providence hath concealed those mysteries and that it is an evident confutation of those who oppose the transmutation of Mettals for this Mineral doth effect it and he teaches

a manner all Copper and every spades depth as they dug downwards the Oar grew more rich in Silver until it came to be pure Silver at the bottom of the Mine where the water increasing to a mans height hindred them from prosecuting its farther riches what hath been said is a token of the affinity between the matter of composition of these Mettals and that the greater or lesser purification is the only difference between them There are many Mines of Copper in these Provinces and the bottoms of all the Mine whereout Silver hath been taken have been found to yield great store of it which for the colour sake they call Negrillo so that how many Silver Mines there are so many Mines there be whence Copper may be gotten also besides there be Mines of Copper only from the very superficies of the Earth downwards there be divers ridges of hills about Potosi that are full of these kind of Mines although most of the Copper that is wrought in this Town hath been gotten from the Farm de las Laganillas and now is gotten from that of Yura In the Lipes there is a very great old work of Copper in the mountain Scapi two leagues from Chuyca there is another also wherein there is Copper-mettal like wyre woven A league from Sabalcha in the high way to Colcha and notwithstanding it is found in many parts of this Province yet no where is the success so prosperous as in the mountain of Pereira and its confines until you come to Guatacondo In Atachama there are very large veins of Copper some of them run unto the Sea side and tumble down the cliffs in great massy lumps of this Mettal In the Chicas where the soil is not taken up with Silver 't is full of Copper mines and not far from Esmoraca they get of this Mettal woven like wyre or Machacado as the Spaniards call it there is also very rich Copper in Oroncota and in the top of the mountains of Tarabuco many Pits and Copper-works of the ancients are to be seen It is found likewise in all the rest of the Charcas particularly in the confines of Maoha Copoata and Chayanta and in Paria near unto Oruro And in the Province of Carangas the hills adjoyning to the Silver mine called el Turco are full of Copper Near unto Curaguara de Palages there be many ancient works of the Indians whence they get Copper Machacado or like wyer woven together In the high way between Potosi and Julloma one sees many veins of Copper Also a league from Callapa in the road that goes to the City Paz one crosses some large veins of it Not far from Caquingora there be divers stately works and much Copper Machacado upon a white chalk Within less than half a league from Julloma near unto the high way that goes to Calacoto in hills of dry clay I found branches or small veins of pure Copper like unto fine Gold whereof I got a great quantity of that which was scattered about above ground There is of this mettal Machacado in Choquepina near unto Berenguela de Pacages and several works and virgin veins in the high way from Calacoto to Potosi half a league before one arrives there and in like manner over all the rest of this Province CHAP. 30. Of Iron IRon although it is not the most precious yet it is the most necessary of all Mettals for the use of man notwithstanding it may be disputed whether the good or hurt it hath done in the world be the greater nature hath made it so hard by putting over much earthy parts or fixed Sulphur in its composition although it hath also a sufficient portion of humidity or Quicksilver so that in the first place it will not melt without a very violent heat and in the next place being struck with a Hammer it doth not break into small pieces as hard Stones do but receives impression thereby dilating and extending it self It is a Mettal cold and dry but more porous than others and therefore weighs less and is more subject to rust and decay in the wet especially in Salt-water which penetrates most it wastes in the fire also every time it is heat falling off in scales because it wants humidity proportionable to its earthiness If when it is red hot it be quenched in cold water it will become very brittle because the heat being pent up in the heart of the Iron by the ambient cold doth there prey upon and consume part of the natural moisture which made it tough and malleable These fertile Provinces of all other sorts of Mettal are not destitute of this also though none employ their labours to seek it out or work it because here is such abundance of Silver about which they are industrious to greater profit and in truck for it they buy abundance of that excellent Iron of Biscay this proceeding is not to be wondred at when one considers the abundance of Copperas Allum Quicksilver and other Minerals which is yearly brought from Spain to these Indies where the same commodities may be gotten in such abundance as were sufficient to supply not only the occasions of these Kingdoms but also of Spain its self and of all the world beside In the valley of Oroncota there is a great deal of Iron the people of the Country being encourag'd by the looks of the place and fair appearance of the Oar they found followed a large vein of Mettal hoping that it was Silver and brought me some of the Oar to ensay it the which I did and undeceived them by telling them it was Iron the same has happened in other veins at the rise of the River Plicomayo five leagus from the City de la Plata although that Oar has some Copper mingled with it and is not pure Iron as that of Oroncota is Adjoyning to the Ancoraymes a Town in the Province of Omasuyo there be noble Mines wrought formerly by the Ingas of so great fame that it is very well worth ones making a journey purposely to see them the Oar is very heavy and hard and of a dark colour although there be found together with it much Oar that sparkles and shines If you rub pieces of the dark Oar together it produceth a very fine blood colour like that of the Hemmotites to whose species undoubtedly it belongs and is full of Iron as I have proved by many ensays it is possible the Indians followed veins of richer Mettal in these Mines which hitherto we have not met withal or because Iron was not in use amongst them they dug this Oar to fit it to their Guns Stone-bows and Slings it being not inferior in weight or hardness to our Iron bullets they did make use of these in their wars and called them Higuayes In Oruro hard by the Silver Mine of Santa Brigida in the hollow between the hills there is a vein of Iron of which out of curiosity and for example only when I was

unto Larecaja joyns Tipuane a Country inhabited by savage Indians with whom we have had wars and made incursions upon them ever since the building of the City de la Paz where I was present and is now above twenty years ago this Country is so largely reported to be rich in Gold that it were incredible unless so many eye-witnesses had affirmed it the proper name of this City de la Paz is Chaquiyapu which we corruptly call Chuquiabo which in the language of this Country is as much as to say Chacra or the Farm of Gold it hath abundance of Mines in it that were wrought in the time of the Ingas it is a soil generally known to be fertile of Mettals and in the time of the rains the Boys often pick up Gold in the streets in small bits like the kernels of apples especially in that street that goes down to the River by the convent of the Predicadores and in the valley of Coroico and others which they call andes de Chuquiabo in the cliffs of the Rocks Gold is found of a grey colour on the outside like unto Lead The Silver Mines of the famous Town of St. Philip of Austria Oruro are encompassed round about with other hills in which there are many rich veins of pure Gold which have been wrought heretofore at present there is only one wrought and that by my perswasion upon the ridge of that mountain that runs over the Silver-mills which they call de las Sepolturas the Oar whereof being well ground to powder and ensayed by Quicksilver yields a considerable profit they have not followed any more of the veins for want of industry their common trade being getting of Silver or which I rather believe because in those veins they have already wrought they have not gotten so much Gold as they expected although that ought not to discourage them because it may reasonably be supposed that where so many veins of Gold are there be some of them very rich if they have the good fortune to light upon them the same which daily experience hath shewed in the Mines of Silver The bounds of Chayanta are full of veins of Gold and have some ancient Mines already sunk in them and in the Sands of its River which is called el Rio grande kernels of Gold are found and in the River of Tinquepaya seven leagues from this City of Potosi they have found Gold also In the Confines of Paccha Chuquichuqui and Presto near unto the City of Chuquisaca there be many Caves out of which they have gotten some shew of Gold the like also is found from the River Sopachuy up unto the Chiriguanes where it is held for certain that there be rich Mines of Gold which the Indians have this year offered to discover unto us The River of St. Juan which runs at the bottom of the Province of the Chiquas where it joyns with the Calchaguies is very full of Gold in Esmoraca and Chillio of the same Province the ancient Gold Mines are yet to be seen there is one hill of the Lipes which is near unto Colcha which hath Gold in it there is a Mine also three leagues from this Town in a place they call Abitanis which in the Lipean language is as much as to say the Mine of Gold I believe for a certain also that there is Gold in the Province of Atacama because of the abundance of fine Lapis Lazuli which is found there in which Gold is engendred CHAP. 27. Of Silver and the Mines thereof SIlver is the most perfect of all Mettals except Gold whereunto it comes so near as to want nothing but the colour and therefore those that most of all oppose the opinion of the transmutation of Mettals one into another do yet hold it possible to turn Silver into Gold because the colour only being wanting the fire and artificial concoctions can supply that whereof there be many experiments from the good mixture and fineness of its parts proceeds its enduring the fire with very little waste as also its being tough and malleable and endures the drawing out into very thin leaves and small wyre if it were not a common trade to do it it would not be believed to be possible that an ounce of Silver should be drawn out into 1400 yards of wyre and it is yet more admirable that all that shall be made gilt wyre with only six grains of Gold so that although Silver can be extended to admiration yet Gold is a hundred times more ductile than it one ounce of Gold suffering its self to be beaten to that thinness as to overspread ten Hanegadas of land In the Mines oftentimes Silver is found white and pure and like as it were wyre woven one within the other between the Rocks which the Spaniards call Metal Machacada such as is found in that Mine they call the Turks in the Province of Carangas in Choquepina a Mine of the Ingas two leagues from Berenguela in the Province of the Pacages in the mountain that I discovered and registred half a league from the works of St. Christopher in the Province of the Lipes in Yaco of the Province of the Charcas which in the middle of its Oar yields rich Copper there was found last year a Stone coated over with white Silver the Mettal contained within being yellow like unto the colour of a Lion And in the rich Mine of Chocaya in the Province of the Chichas in the richest Stones of that Oar they have found much Silver like wyre woven together as aforesaid and in all the Mines of these Provinces at some time or other Stones have been found made into Silver wyre as aforesaid and wedges of pure Silver but no other Mine hath produed the like unto that of St. Christophers in Oruro which besides the leaves of fine Silver that are found between the Stones produceth fine Silver also in small dust mingled with the mould or earth that is dug there which may be gotten together without any more trouble than washing in the same manner as they use the Gold that is found in sand but most commonly in all Mines Silver is found incorporated with the Stones and is scarce discernable nor to be known but by men of good experience In the circuit of the Charcas there is such abundance of Silver Mines that they alone if there were no other in the world were sufficient to fill it with riches in the middle of this jurisdiction stands the wonderful mountains of Potosi of whose treasure all Nations of the world have liberally participated the excellencies whereof of that imperail City whereunto it hath given the name do so much surmount any other thing in the old or new world that they very well deserve a particular history to eternize their fame it is surrounded for the most part with abundance of rich Mines that of Porco is the famous Mine of the Ingas and the first out of which the Spaniards dug any

in like manner is reducible again to Quicksilver is notoriously known to be poyson and hot in the first degree but leaving the determination of this to those that deal in simples it is certain that there is so great an affinity between the nature of Quicksilver and that of other Mettals that though it be none of them yet it is convertible into any of them because as most Philosophers hold it is one of the principles of which they all are compounded and most easily unites and incorporates with them and moreover its very substance is transmutable into true Mettal enduring the trials of the fire and hammer as well as those that come out of the Mine Raymundus teacheth several ways how to turn it into Gold and Silver in a book called La Disquisicion Eliana there is taught a very perfect way how to make Lead of Quicksilver and if one should suspect the credit of books in these Provinces there be many eye witnesses that have Plate by them which they have refined with their own hands by a Copel of Quicksilver cured according to a receit given unto them the which experiments take away all scruple of the possibility of its transmutation There was very little use or consumption of Quicksilver before the beginning of this new Silver age in the world then they only wasted it in Mercury sublimate Cinabrio or Vermillion and the powders made thereof called Precipitate which are also called in Spain the powders of Juanes de Vigo which have been used to such mischievous purposes that the world was said to have too much of them although in bulk and quantity then they had but little but since it hath been used to collect the Silver together out of Oar which is ground small an invention which the Ancients had scarcely arrived to and practised it but very little it is incredible how great a quantity is consumed by the Founders of Mettals of this Kingdom for if the abundance of Silver that hath gone out of this Kingdom hath filled the world with riches and admiration by it may be estimated the consumption and loss of Quicksilver which after a most extravagant expence thereof at first being now by good experience regulated within terms of moderation is found to be equal in weight to the Silver extracted and very seldom that the wast is so little They began to register the Quicksilver that came to Potosi upon the Kings accompt in the year 1574 and from that time till 1640 there had been received of it upwards of 204600 Quintals besides a vast quantity irregularly brought in upon other accompts to supply the excessive expence of this Mineral God Almighty provided the famous Mine of Guancabellica and in these Provinces subject to the Charcas of whose Minerals I have desired particularly to inform your Lordship there can be no want of this Mineral amidst the great plenty it hath of all others there are Quicksilver Mines in Challatiri four leagues from this Imperial City there be also of the same near unto Guarina in the Province of Omasuyo and not far from Moromoro a Village of the Indians six leagues from the City Chuquisaca a few years ago the Indians brought Stones very rich with Quicksilver which by the violent death as was suspected of the man that profered to discover the Mine hath remained concealed unto this present CHAP. 34. Of Artificial Mettals and Mettalliques ART also produces Mettals and Mettalliques and in their fabrick aims at and imitates the perfections of Nature From a mixture of Tin and Copper is made Brass for Bells and for pieces of Ordnance and for other uses They put a pound of Tin from four to eight lib. of Copper according as the occasion requires The Indians understood this composition and made use of it for their instruments of force and for their Arms as we do of Steel or tempered Iron which they knew nothing of Latten is made of small pieces of Copper put into large Crusiples covered with powder of Jalamina which is a Semi-mineral of a yellow colour there is of it near the Mine called the Turc in the Province of Carangas and also near unto Pitantora in the Charcas upon the powder of Jalamina they strew powder of beaten Glass to cover it and keep in the respiration and then they put fire to it which alters the colour of the Copper and makes an encrease of Mettal of eight lib. in the hundred weight For Looking-glasses they make several compositions although the best is of two parts Silver and one of Lead Moreover they make by art Cinabrio Mercury sublimate Precipitate Psorico Esmalte Escoria Diaphryges Cadmia Pompholix Spodos Flor de Cobre Suescama Cardenillo Vermicular Stommoma Herrumbre Ascul Albayalde Sandix Ochra Greta Purpurena and Glass Cinabrio is compounded of one part Sulphur and two parts Quicksilver well boiled and sublimated together in Glass viols or in Earthen vessels that are glazed Mercury sublimate is compounded of half Quicksilver half Copperas ground together extraordinary fine and sprinkling a little strong Vinegar upon it as it grinds that it may the better incorporate then sublimate it in Glass viols as aforesaid it is also made with Allum and many times they mingle a little Salt with it Dissolve Quicksilver in Aqua-fortis then set it upon a gentle fire and let the humidity evaporate and the Quicksilver will remain hard as a Stone then grind it very small and set it again upon the fire in a Crusiple or vessel of Copper if it can be gotten and keep stirring the Quicksilver until it be of a very lively red colour and then take it off the fire for service and this is called Precipitate Psorico is made of two parts of Calchitis and one of Greta ground and mingled together with a little strong Vinegar set it in a Muckhil for forty days together then take it out and in a broken piece of a pot toste it over the fire till it be very red The best Esmalte is made of Allum Copperas and Saltpeter it is susceptible of all colours as Glass is Escoria is that which worketh out of the Mettal when it runs and swims upon the top of it like fat which we call dross That which remains in the botton of the Furnace when they melt Copper is called Diaphryges Cadmia although there be of it natural is also that which sticks to the walls of the Furnaces principally wherein Copper is melted of which they call Bodrite that which is like unto Cobas and Stracita that which is like unto Potsheard and Placite that which looks like Bark or Shavings Pompholix is a mealy substance and looks like Wool as it sticks to the walls but dissolves as soon as ones fingers touch it It grows upon the walls as they melt Mettal They vulgarly call it Atutia Spodo is very little different from the Pompholix only that it is more impure It is found upon the walls where they refine Mettal Flower of Copper is made