Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	call_v	great_a	province_n	5,554	4	7.9737	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A17500	The Dutch suruay VVherein are related and truly discoursed, the chiefest losses and acquirements, which haue past betweene the Dutch and the Spaniards, in these last foure yeares warres of the Netherlands, with a comparatiue ballancing and estimation of that which the Spaniards haue got in the Dutchies of Cleeue and Iuliers, with that which they haue lost vnto the Dutch and Persians, in Brasilia, Lima, and Ormus. VVhereunto are annext the Mansfeldian motiues, directed vnto all colonels, lieuzanant-colonels, sergeant majors, priuate captaines, inferiour officers, and souldiers, whose seruice is engag'd in this present expedition, vnder the conduct and commaund of the most illustrious Prince Ernestus, Earle of Mansfield.	W. C.; Crosse, William, b. 1589 or 90, attributed name.	1625 (1625)	STC 4318; ESTC S107365	20,410	46

matters commanded for the sea and the Lord of Dorte commanded all the Land-forces The Lord Generall hauing ouer-sayled the Admirall had beene before the towne three dayes before being the 6. of May 1624. and hauing exchanged some shot with the Castle went to sea againe as resolued to seeke out their Admirall Willekes and the rest of the company This attempt gaue an alarum to the Spaniards who coniecturing as the truth was that more numbers followed these that for some designe vpon this p●●ce prepared themselues for their defence with all preuention and prouision possible They mounted eight pieces of Ordinance vpon a Battery of Free-stone the Slaues of the towne aswell Christians as others were commaunded to the Rampier and raised two new batteries by the direction of the Vize-roy who was also very carefull to see the men mustered and ezercised in their armes according to the manner of the Castilian Discipline the number of whom amounted to some 5500. men whereof the Intants made 4000. and the souldiers 1500. They of the Land battered our shippes furiously from the Castles and vpon one of the three was the Vize-roy himselfe with his sonne and the greatest part of the Gentry Our Admirall in the meane time sayled vp downe in the Bay resoluing how hee might land his Troups with best aduantage for this respect he imbarks 1600. of his best and choicest men in foure of the tallest shippes and commanding the rest to follow slowely he enters the Bay the 9. of May 1624. Comming neare the Enemies Batteries he caused all their Ordinance to be discharged on their Castles and Platformes and landing some hundred men with their loug-boats they took the Batteries presently the Marriners doing very good seruice in this assault with their Boate-hookes Vpon this the Defendants hang out a flagge of truce and most of them quit the foresaid places But the Vize-roy persists resolute in defence of that Breach whereupon himselfe was ingag'd and though hardly prest by the Dutch he fights it out to the vtmost with some of the brauest Caualeroes of the town But when he saw at the last himselfe forsaken of all sides he fled towards his own Pallace but in the way our Marriners soldiers ceazed vpon his person who putting his sword into his sheath deliuered these words vnto thē I haue beene faitbfull vnto my King and if my men had not so basely forsaken me your forces should not haue taken the Castle so soone Vpon the surrender of the Castle all the lesser Forts yeelded themselues and acknowledged the fortune of the Canqueror the which was the more happy in this respect because it was accomplished with little effusion of Christian blood there being not slaine aboue forty common Souldiers and one Captaine The tenth day of May the Netherlanders went to surprise the Towne but when they approached neere the Ports they perceiued that it was abandoned by the Inhabitants so that our Souldiers entred without any resistance The pillage was great in Coyne Plate Iewels and other rich moueables which the Souldiers tooke out of the Houses Store-houses and Cellars Moreouer there were taken 12000. Chests of Sugar thirty Ships laden with rich Marchandize which lay in the harbour and eight shippes more of the Spaniards which arriued there since not hauing notice of the Dutchmens fortunes and proceedings The third maine losse which the Spaniards haue sustained since the expiration of the last truce hath beene at Lima a famous Emporian and hauen Towne in Peru. This Prouince was first discouered by Francisco Pisarro afterwards Marquis of Antillo and Diego de Almagro afterwards honoured with the title of chiefe discouerer by the Emperour Charles the fift to whose vse it was first conquered by these aduentrous Spaniards from Atapalipa and his brethren right pretenders and inheritours of the same It hath on the East the Perunian mountaines on the West Ma re Pacificum or del Sur on the North Castilia Aurea and the Riuer of Peru from whence the Country taketh his name and on the South it hath Chila for his borders The length of it is from the Citie of Pasto vnto the Prouince of Chili one thousand eight hundred leagues as large as the leagues of Castilia This Land is the seate of many wonders thence groweth that odoriferous wood whose barke being incided distils a meruailous sweet liquor wherewith if any annoint a dead body the carkasse corrupteth not Neere to a cape or point of land commonly called Destahelena there are found certaine Springs of Pitch or Tarre seruiceable for the calking trimming of Ships Here are Riuers which runne all day but stand still at night the reason whereof is because their current is maintained by the snowe which melts a day time but freezeth againe at night It rayneth in the mountaines but neuer in the Plaines of Peru the assigned reason whereof is that in the Plaines and neere the Sea coast there bloweth all the yeare long one only winde which the Mariners call Siluester which runneth along with such forcible violence that the cloudes and vapours can haue no rest in the middle Region ouer the plaine Country Besides other small townes which the Christians haue in the Plaines they haue fiue principle Cities The first is called Pi●to Veio which standeth very neere the equinoctiall this Citie is poore and apt for diseases yet hath it some Mines of Gold Emeraulds Fifteene leagues within the Maine is another Citie called St. Michael which in the Indian speech they call Pura This is a pleasant soile and fruitfull but there are no Mines of Golde nor Plate Threescore leagues forward alongst the coast standeth another Citie in a valley called Trugillio being distant from the Sea two leagues This Citie is placed in a plaine plot neere to the Reuers side and is abundantly prouided of Wheat Maiz and Cattell It is also exceeding well built and in it there are three hundred housholds of Spaniards The fourth chiefe Citie is that of Aroquipa commonly called the faire The soile neere vnto it is healthfull and aboundant of all kinde of victuals standing some 12. leagues from the Sea coast vpon a Riuer that is faire and Nauigable so that Ships of good burthen may come vp to the walls of the Citie by which means it is thought the habitation of this towne will encrease It doth not onely supply her owne necessities but serues the Citie of Cusco and the Prouince of Carchas with all things needfull from which places there is great resort vnto Aroquipa by reason of the frequent contractation here t for the golden mettall of Potosi The fifth principall Citie exceeding all the rest in beauty strength and riches is that of Luma scituated in a valley of the same name some fourescore leagues from Trugillio The Country there-about is plentifull of Corne and many sorts of fruits and cattell the building of this place is such that all the streetes doe meete in a faire large place from the which a

man may see through euery streete into the fields The dwelling is meruailous healthfull because it standeth in a temperate climate not afflicted too much with extremities of heate and colde the hottest season of the yeare being more temperate then that of Spaine For in the time of their Summer heate there falleth euery day in the morning a sweete and cooling dewe which is not hurtfull but rather profitable for the health of man For it being vsed by way of Lotion it is good for the head aches and other diseases All Spanish fruit groweth and prospereth well in this soile especially Orenges Lemonds Figges Pomgranates and Vines wherof there had beene great abundance if the frequent broyles and tumults betweene the Spanish Souldiers had not hindred the labour and Plantation of the Husbandmen This Citie is iudged to be the most pleasant dwelling of all the Land in respect of the commodity of the harbour the great contractation of Marchants and the generall resort of the people of the maine Land who come thither from all parts and buy their furniture and prouision From the Mines of this Prouince is brought great store of gold and siluer The scituation of it is neere the midst of the Land as yet discouered for which cause the Emperour Charles the fifth placed there a Chauncerie royall and Iudges to decide his subiects causes which also doth encrease the confluence of the people It is seated two leagues from the Roade commonly called Callee de Lima or the Port of Lima. Le Hermite Generall of a Fleete vnder the States of the vnited Prouinces knowing how much the gaining of this place might accommodate the Hollanders and incommodate the Spaniards resolues vpon the attempt And being furnished with a sufficient number of shipping and men befitting such an enterprise he sets saile from the Netherlands and after a tedious Nauigation through the Straights of Magellan arriues at last in the South Sea opposite vnto Lima where hee makes his intention knowne to the Companie and then aduentures vpon the exploit wherein Fortune shewed her selfe so fauourable that with little or no losse he made himselfe Master of the Callee de Lime to the great terrour of the Citie which as some men report hath since yeelded it selfe to the mercy of the Hollanders The Conquerours got a great spoile in Shipping Treasure and other rich commodities and haue since gotten two other places in the Prouince of Peruana Thus you haue seene a true Suruay of those most remarkable losses and victories which haue hapned betweene the Hollanders and the Spaniards since the last truce which ended with the beginning of the yeare 1621. It followes that after their expression we should iustly counterpoise and ballance them which if wee doe without nationall respect or partiall inclination wee shall see the Dutch Acquisitions to exceede the Spanish and yet their losses to be farre inferiour vnto the others For leauing out Ormus out of the ballance because it is now peculiariz'd vnto the Persian although it were won by the succours of the Dutch and English if wee counterpoize the Conquest of Saint Saluador and the part of Lima omitting that of the Cities as doubtfull with al the new Acquisitions of Spaine we shall behold these to ouerway all those which this Nation hath of late acquired in Cleeue and Iuliers and this aduantage doth proceede not from one but from diuers conditions and respects For first of all the profits of Gulicke of the Dutchie with their extraordinarie Fees and Contributions will not amount to aboue an hundred thousand Duckats yearely and allowing two thousand Souldiers for the Garrison of that Signeurie and euery man to haue fiue Shillings a weeke for his pay the annuall reuenue will hardly quit the charges wheras rating the reuenues of Brasilia at three millions of Duckats and allowing one third of this accrument to rise from Fernambuco another from Ascensio Todos los Sanctos with the territorie thereto adioyning shall by this account bring a million yearely to the Cantors of the Netherlands 2. Papenmuch with the tolage of the Rhine and Goffe with the contribution money drawne from the Boores of West Cleaueland did hardly pay their owne Garisons but the keeping of the Port of Lima may draw perhaps a plentifull Contribution from the golden Mines of Chili and Potosi besides those spoiles that Le Hermite hath already gotten esteemed to bee an inestimable Masse and worth many Tuns of gold 3. The Catholicke King payes fourescore thousand Duckats vnto the Prince of Newenburge by Composition for the resignation of these two Dutchies but the States holde those new Acquisitions in America by the tenure of their Sword and by that ius acquisitum which power and fortune haue giuen to the stronger 4. The Spanish King hath other competitours in Cleaue Iuliers besides the Confederates of the seauen Prouinces as the house of Brandeburge and perhaps the posterity of the Newenburger may rowse themselues out of that Lethargie wherein the Spanish Pistolets haue put their sencelesse Father and lay clayme to that Inheritance which doth belong to them or the Brandeburger Iure gentium but the Hollanders haue no other titular pretenders to their new purchases in Peruana and Brasilia but the house of Spaine vnto whom they haue seldome lost any thing which they were once possest of and whereas the Sea could helpe them for many yeares together 5. The losse of Gulicke Goffe and Papenmuch giues no other disaduantage to the States they hauing Rees Embricke and Skenkes Sconce betweene that and their neerest frontier but the possessing of these two places in the West Indies the one vpon the North the other vpon the South Sea doe euen wast in the intermediate Continent of America and giue an entrance vnto those Prouinces whose golde hath battered the walls and opened the gates of the strongest Townes of Christendome for the Spaniards 6. And lastly the Inhabitants of Cleaue and Iuliers doe not well like the hard and heauy hand of your Castilian gouernment no more then doe all the lower circles of the Empire as well knowing how these Intruders haue impaired the Germane liberty and spur-gall'd Bohemia and the Palatinate almost to death but the Brasilians and Peruuians yea the very Portugals themselues would willingly receiue the law from the Dutch-men whom they admire as much for their faire and gentle gouernement as they hate the others for their rigour tiranny and oppression The Mansfeldian Motiues directed vnto all Colonels Liuetenant-Colonels Captaines Inferiour Officers and other Souldiers which either as Voluntiers or by way of Imprest are ingaged to serue in this next Expedition intended by the grace of God vnder the conduct and commaund of the most Illustrous and Warlike Prince ERNESTVS Earle of Mansfield HOnourable Professors of Armes you may see in this Dutch Suruay or ballance the swelling fortune of a triumphant State You may beholde also a handful of Netherlanders with some few Mercinary French and

the Dutch or Spaniards whose talents are of a strong retentiue power and who know to keepe that which they haue once gotten and acquired as well as any Nations in Christendome whatsoeuer so that if we shall comparatiuely ballance the Spanish Acquisitions in the Dutchies of Iuliers and Cleaueland with their bleeding detriments sustained in Brasilia Lima and Ormus wee shall see the former to bee exceeded by the latter beyond the paralell and degrees of all comparison For the better light and manifestation whereof we must vnderstand thus much that those parcels which Philip the 4. now holdes in Cleeue and Iuliers were not plumes aunciently belonging to that new spread Eagles backe of Spaine but fastned on like Icarus wings vpon the halfe-naked skin of that Austrian Pullet now growne bigger then the Dam it selfe by the sticking waxe of Philip the seconds policies and pretences By these meanes following your Philippick proiects vpon these now and new inthralled Seigneuries were brought and wrought almost to the full period and non datur vltra of his desires William the last Duke of Cleaues of that name who deceased at Duisseldorp in the yeare of our Lord God 1592. married his sonne Iohn William vnto Iaqueline the daughter of the Marquesse of Baden a woman infamously famous for her dissolute and licentious life and the censure of her imprisonment for the same for bringing in of the Spaniards vnto those Countries and for making of your Cleuian simplicity first acquainted with the snaffle of the Castilian rule and gouernment But these both the Father and the Sonne dying without heires male the inheritance descended to two pretended heires female The one married vnto the Marquis of Brandenburge a reformed Protestant the other married vnto the Prince of Newenburge a Romane Catholique Both these fight for the bone whilst a third and fourth take away the flesh for notwithstanding diuers admonitions and cautions to the contrary from some of their fastest friends who were iealous of their good and studious of the common peace and tranquility of their dominions The Newenburger strengthens himselfe with Partisans of the same faction and religion and drawes vnto his succours the King of Spaine the Emperour of Germanie with other Austrian Princes and Potentates The Brandeburger vseth a draught of the same policie and inuites the States of the Lowe Countries the Kings of England and France vnto his succour and assistance An experience which shall proue hurtfull both to the one and to the other as the sequell shall declare for the Spaniards hauing seized vpon Weezell Rhinebercke Duisseldorpe and other places of the Dutchie keepe them vpon pretence of their charges and assurance of their Frontier The Dutch hauing surprised Rees Embricke Cleeue Goffe and Gulicke man these Townes with their owne Garrisons vpon the consideration of the same and other pretences Gulicke was a thorne in Albertus foote and an eye-sore in the Castilians light Vanderbercke must plucke this out being Generall of the Spanish Forces in their Cleuian expedition which began vnder his command in the midst of August 1622. That yeare being the next after the expiration of the truce the Enemies were very strong as hauing three Armies in the field one in Flaunders besieging Sluce vnder the commaund of Inigo de Borges and the Bishop of Gaunt another houering about Goffe and Zantom commaunded by the Marquis Spinola which attended the motions of our Nassauian Armie lying then as in our durtie Quarters of Dornicke and this third which beleguerd Gulicke vnder the conduct of the Earle of Monts commonly called Henry Vanderberke This Citie is the Metropolis of the Dutchy of Iuliers vnto which it giues his name seated vpon the Riuer of Roer in a fruitful Cuntry which stretcheth frō thence vnto the bankes of the Dent. It was well fortified and defended for besides the olde fortifications which were found at the first reducement of this place there were new Rauelins and halfe Moones made by the directions of the Prince of Orange and for their defence there lay fourteene Companies of foote English Dutch and French within the walls vnder their Gouernour Signieur Pethan besides Thomas Villers troupe of Horse which was reputed to be one of the brauest in all the Netherlands But although it were well manned and strongly fortified yet for want of victuals it must yeeld to the power of the Conquerour for the prouision and store of the Magazine growing tainted by Commission from the States Pithan makes sale of it vnto those Merchants that would giue most for it Spinola vnderstanding of this by the Nuntioes of his intelligence before it could be re-victualed by the States sends Henry Vander Barke to besiege it with an Armie of sixteene thousand men both Horse and Foote consisting of diuers Nations as Italians Spaniards French and Almaines Vpon their first approches and before all the aduenues and passages were blockt vp some of the Captaines amongst whom Captaine Haydon and Captaine Aishley were most forward presented their seruice vnto the Gouernour and offered him vpon his leaue to victuall the Towne aboundantly from the prouisions of the Country the season of the yeare seruing fitly for it it being as then about the beginning of Haruest The counsell was good and wholsome and might haue wrought the preseruation of Gulick if it had beene apprehended and executed in time But Pethan obliging himselfe too strictly to his Commission reiecteth the proffer pretending that hee durst not doe it as hauing no Warrant for this Designe In the meane time Count Henricke well husbanding this occasion sits downe before the Towne Intrencheth himselfe strongly and drawes his approches close to our vtter Works for the better planting of his Cannon Thus Pethan sees his errour and too late seekes to redresse the same Then hee resolues vppon a sally which might haue wrought some good effect if it had beene sooner enterprized In this conflict our men surpriz'd and sleighted one of the Enemies Fortifications charged them home to their teeth and hauing got some proportion of spoiles and victuals made their retreat good vnto the Ports with the losse only of Captaine Bassenheime and sixe and thirty of their Horsemen amongst the rest young Captaine Haydons valour was most remarkable he was Captaine of a Foote Company yet vpon that day he seru'd on Horse-backe One of the Enemies aduauncing himselfe before the grosse of their troupes dares any of our side proudly to the Combat Haydon accepts it and charging him with his Pistoll kill'd the Challenger vpon the place and after that being recharg'd by a second he falls backe to the body of our Troupes in safety The fortune of this skirmish did but tye the squib to the Bulls tayle encreasing our appetite and their anger Vpon this they batter our Rampiers furiously with the Cannon and salute the defendants with often vollies of their Musket shot Our men answere them with Balls of the same mettall Amongst the midst of these Reuolets passing with a doubtfull

plant their Batteries and mount their Cannon which they had borrowed from the Christians And that they might with more expedition and facility make themselues Maisters of this peece they vndervndermined the wall at least tenne foote right in and placed fortie Barrels of Powder in the Mine which being sprung vpon Sunday the 17. of the same moneth made a breach of some twentye foote broad at least Presently vpon this th' Assailants present themselues brauely to the breach and seeking to gaine their passage to the top of the ruines are as resolutely repuls'd by the Defendants Who salute them with Stones Powderpots Tarlin and Musket-shot and make good the breach from noone to night against all commers notwithstanding the furie of the Artillery and the continuall vollies of Musket bullets which fell in as thicke as haile amongst them The Portugals lost two Cullers displaid one after another with some of their forwardest men their Battlements and Barricadoes made of Cotton sackes were much torne and defaced with the furie of our Ordinance The Persians lost not fortie men out-right but some three hundred or more were wounded and burnt part of whom afterwards perished The 20. day in the morning there came out of the Castle two aged men with a youth and three or foure Negroes attending them who were presently conueyed by Sea to the intent that they might not view our workes to the house of Dabul whereas the Sultan attended by diuers Cushel Bassaes and his Guard of Arabians went to meete and treat with these Portugals But this taking no effect they desired leaue of him to goe ouer to Combreane to the Sophie which was granted them But when they came ouer he would condiscend to nothing without the consent of the Christians The Spanish Delegates being thus dismist the Persians sinke thēselues in their Mines againe and after they had made the vault capacious enough they lodged 55. Barrels of powder in it and ram'd vp the hole which gaue entrance to this Mine with Timber Stones and Morter It tooke fire about sixe of the clocke earely in the morning being the 2. of Aprill and blew vp most of the Westerne Bulworke with such violence and impetuositie that the stones of this worke were blowne at least sixe hundred paces from the place This mine was sprung contrary to the intentions of the Dutch and English in the time of the parlee and that by the directions of the Persian Generall who was blemisht with treacherie for doing of this acte For at that time there were many Portugals walking vpon the wall where the blow was giuen foure or fiue of whom were blown vp and slaine The 14. of Aprill the Persians blew vp the 3. Mine vpon the east side of the Castle yet would they not as yet enter because they were working of another on the west side which they sprung the 17. of the same month The Mahometan souldiers vpon this entered and possest themselues of the westerne Bulworke and seeking to force the Portugals Barricadoes were by them repulst with great slaughter The Persian Sultan seing his men retire comes to the foote of the breach and with his sword in his hand ready drawne makes them renue the assault againe In which conflict the valour of one Portugall was most remarkable who with his Sword and Buckler fought vpon the point of the breach and forceably repulst the assailants But marke how Fortune proues a Step-dame to his valour He charging freely vpon one of them with his Rapier thrust it into one of their wooden Bucklers and before he could free the point hee was charged by three or foure of the Persians and cut in pieces by them Within two or three dayes after this assault the Sophie passed ouet from Combreane vnto the Iland of Ormus where he shewed that magnificence munificence befitting one of Ismaels successors vnto the souldiers and Officers of the Army The besiegded seeing no hope of succours and that themselues were disabled in their defences by Mines Batteries and Assaults yeelded the Castle vpon these conditions 1 That they might depart with bagge and baggage without any armes sauing their Swords and Rapiers 2 That the sicke and wounded should be left in the Towne and lookt vnto by Chirurgions 3 That aswell these as those that were sound should be conueyed vnto Muskat a Mountain town of Arabia by the Robert and Sherling two English ships Thus this Castle and Iland the 24. of Aprill were yeelded to the Sophie by the auxiliary meanes of the Dutch and English after it had bene possest by the Portugals and Spaniards an hundred and eighty yeares The second losse which the Spaniards haue suffered since these last warres of the Netherlands hath beene the taking of the towne and part of Todos los Sanctos in Brasilia This Countrey is limited on the South with Riedo la Plate and Chile on the North with Guiana on the East with the Ocean and on the West with the Mountaines of Peru called the Audes which deuideth the Countrey of Ieru●aua as the Apemine doth Italy and as Taurus and Caucasus doe Asia The people which inhabit these steepe and craggie Mountaines are more barbarous then other Americans as being taunie all ouer their bodies going altogether naked and liuing without houses or bedding Those of the vally are more temperate and ciuill as partaking the qualities and temperature of the Climate The Earth of the vallies is fatte greene and alwayes flourishing abounding with Sugar Mace and your Brasilian Wood vsed in Europe for your dying of reddes the Trees wherof are of exceeding bignesse wherein Nature proues the Architect for diuerse large families which dwell in the bodies and branches of them This land was first discoueted by Pedro Aluari Caprioli at the expences of Emanuel King of Portugal Anno 1500. afterwards it was more exactly suruayed by Americus Vespucius next by Giouanni de Empoli a Florentine Anno 1503. Afterwards by Iohn Stadius a Dutch-man Anno. 1554. And by the Edict of that Monster of Man-kinde Pope Alexander the sixt it was appropriated to the Portugals the rest of America being allotted to the Castilians The chiefest Citties of this Prouince are 1 Fernambuco 2 Ascensio 3 Todos los Sanstos otherwise called St. Saluador This towne stands vpon a Bay of the same name vnto which the Riuer of Reall dischargeth it selfe and hath Fernambuco an hundred miles to the northward and it lyes from the Equinoctiall fifteen degrees to the southward It was reasonable strong and thought by the Portugals who are generally ouer-weening in their owne conceits both of themselues and their owne strength to be tenable against any forces whatsoeuer The journey being resolued on by the West Indian Company of the Netherlands they put to Sea the 22. of December 1623. from Texell a Port of Holland with a Fleete of thirtie ships well furnished with Armes Lead Powder Ordinance and other warlike munition Iacob Willeks a man of good experience in Maritine