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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	call_v	great_a	place_n	10,107	5	4.1120	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A86055	Natura prodigiorum or, a discourse touching the nature of prodigies. Together with the kinds, causes and effects, of comets, eclipses, and earthquakes. With an appendix touching the imposturism of the commonly-received doctrine of prophecies, spirits, images, sigils, lamens, the christal, &c. and the propugners of such opinions. / By John Gadbury philomathēmatikos.	Gadbury, John, 1627-1704.	1660 (1660)	Wing G91; Thomason E2131_3; ESTC R202414	80,331	276

close to the particulars propounded SECT I. Some Disquisitions touching Prodigies IT is the Opinion of the Learned in Astrologie and Meteorologie that Prodigies are usually the antecedents of Mundane Catastrophes and all otherwise learned both Antient and Modern Writers have sufficiently sealed the truth hereof as it will appear by the second part of this tract at large and shall in part be shewed before I come to the end of this first Section But before I come to instance in particulars the subject of the after-parts of this Discourse give me leave in prosecution of this Section to resolve three Questions which seem to stand up and call for responses viz. 1. What a Prodigie is and of its kinds 2. Whether it have a Natural Cause 3. Whether it be an Antecedent of worldly changes Quest 1. What a Prodigie is c. Resp I shall not trouble my self about the etymologie or various significations of the word but leave that to the curious and nice Critick or exact Grammarian But what the true meaning of it here must be is thus A Prodigie is a thing generally that comes to pass beyond the Altitude of a mans imagination and begets in him a miraculous contemplation yea oftentimes horror and amazement and this by its coming to pass without his expectation or thought And hence the Latines term it prodigium i. e. contra naturam a thing monstrous marvellous wonderful and against the common current or course of Nature a sight unusual Of Prodigies there are two sorts viz. celestial and Terrestrial I shall begin with those of the later denomination first Terrestrial or earthly Prodigies are many As for a man to be born with six fingers and toes on each hand and foot Goliah-like Or twins to be brought forth joyned together as in the yeer 1475. neer Verona one was or rather two w●re born with four hands two heads four legs two privities and joyned just from the Buttock upwards or that in Flanders in the yeer 1567. at a Village called Ubalen where a child was born with two heads and four arms and members in all parts for two bodies save the legs of which there were but two only Or for a child to be born hairie having its Navel where its nose should stand and its eyes in the place of the mouth the mouth in the place of the chin c. as in the yeer 1569. at Arls in France there was Or for one to be born with a mouth like a Stork and tayl like an Ox claws like a Hawk and belly like a Swan and body hairie c. as at Arnehim a Town in Gelderland on Novemb. 12. 1575. as is mentioned by Dr. Bateman in his doom to judgment pag. 401. Or for one to be born with three arms three legs and three faces and yet but one head as at Alsac in Italy in the yeer 1578. the picture of which may be seen in Cornelius Gemma his Cosmocriticis lib. 1. Or for one to be born with a head bigger then all the rest of his body as in the year 1581. at Chichester in England in the County of Sussex Or for a birth to be two perfect bodies from the Navel upward and to have hands and feet and all members else proportionable for two only joyned at the Navel and have their legs issue out thence as in the yeer 1552. at Middleton in Oxfordshire it hapned as is recorded by Stow in his Abridgement Or for children to be born any otherwayes monstrous or mishapen as Hippocrates Galen Mizaldus Peucer c. testifie of many such births unto whose works I refer the curious Reader Then for children to speak in their Mothers womb or laugh or cry there as in Marucina a child in his Mothers belly was heard to cry and in Kent in England a Boy was heard to laugh before he was born as saith Dr. Bateman in his doom fol. 70. Or for a child of six months old to speak as in the yeer of the world 3725. one was heard at Rome at that age to proclaim a Triumph And in the year of the world 3417. when Cyrus overcame in battel Croesus King of the Lydians a child of six Months old is said to have distinctly foretold in a prodigious and wonderful manner That his Kingdom should be lost For Dogs Serpents Oxen Cows c. to speak distinctly as to Tarquinius once a Dog spake very articulately and a Serpent also Whence the ingenious Cap. Wharton thus versified in 's Hemer 1652. When Romes perverse and giddy multitude Dissolv'd in Tarquin their great Monarchy To doom the act unnatural and rude 'T is said a Serpent barked Livius tells us that an Ox also was heard to utter this caveat unto Rome in the yeer of the world 3774. Roma tibi cave and the same Author saith that about the same time a Cow was heard to utter words distinctly For Wolves to flock boldly into Towns and Cities and howl there as at Prema in the yeer 171. they came yelling and howling in great flocks and there with horrible snarlings strove with a company of screech-Owls For the Earth to quake and tremble as in the yeer 806 Ante Christum it did in India and then clave the Mountain Erogo in sunder and in Greece in many places in the 409 yeer before Christ And in Asia in the yeer of the world 3766. which shook Rhodes and many other Cities therein as Thucydides lib. 5. mentions and Livie saith that it quite swallowed some Cities up For Fishes to forsake their element as a little before the Hollanders revolted from the Spaniard and refused to yeeld obedience any longer unto them a Whale three times came ashore at Amsterdam For Birds to flock in great companies contrary to their wonted Customs and besiege places as it were as at Capua in the yeer 1457. as is testified by Mr. Purchas in his Pilgr For water to surpass its ordinary bounds as at Thrace in the yeer of Christ 545. which destroyed many people And in the yeer 1086. an inundation hapned in Italy and destroyed many brave places The Ocean in the yeer 1135. over-flowed the main Land and suddenly destroyed a great part of Holland Friesland and Flanders with a great number of men and beasts For the Earth to be watered with blood and milk in the room or stead of rain with blood as upon Mount Avetine at Rome of which Livie speaks l●b 3. And at Coere it rained blood two days together in the yeer of the world 3838. And to pass all other prooss of the Antients here it rained blood at Pool in Dorsetshire in England some few yeers since viz. in 1653. It rained milk at Gabia as is reported by Livie And in Anno mundi 3854. it rained milk in Rome three days together And in the yeer of the world 3847. When Cato was Consul it rained milk at Rome as the same Livie reporteth It is also prodigious for wool and oyl to be poured from the Skie on

souldiers Engines A sudden fire in the air towards the North. Severus followeth the war against the Parthians Satrahel coming to rule Scotland kills many of the old Lords of the Kingdom Constantinople taken by famine Satrahel strangled by his servants Brittains beaten by Severus Albinus's head sent to Rome 196. 303. A great lowing and fire in the earth A Whale comes ashore at the Haven of Augustus A Comet for many days together was seen at Rome Scotland received the Faith about this time The fifth Persecution began Many from Jerusalem flee into the Wilderness to avoyd the Persecution The Romans wast Arabia Strange Heresies broached by Praxeus 204. 208. A wonderful lightning fell from Heaven upon the Image of Severus and blotted out three letters of his Name Severus was then going to Britain but never returned thence 50000 of his Army die Many of the Calidonians upon a Rebellion were massacred cruelly 219. An Eagle flying takes away the Cap of Diadumenus Diadumenus is slain within fourteen Months of that time The Britains rebel and invade the Roman Territories 230. Sreames of fire and strange lightning seen at Rome Armed men seen in Muscovia and Polonia An inundation at Venice The Persians invade Armenia and the Romans they wast the Roman Territories Alectus slain in Battle King of Scots slain by his guard The Emperor goeth into Persia and is overcome 237. A blazing star seen at Rome that extended it self a very great length and was seen both to burn blaze many nights together Maximilian com●th out of Germanie and is slain by his own souldiers his body given to be torn and devoured of dogs Goths at this time became terrible to the Roman Empire 241. An Eclipse of the Sun which as my author saith was so great that it made the day to seem as dark as the night Athirco of Scotland kills himself Strange Heresies spread themselves The Persian wa● initiateth The Persian is vanquished and expelled Syria 244. The Sun eclipsed totally A great Earthquake which caused the earth to gape so extreamly that certain Cities together with their people were swallowed up Gordian is slain by Philip. Philip dies and Marcus is chose by the Senate and dyeth within five days Next Serverus Hostilianus is chosen who dying Philip the Arabian is chosen and Eusebius calls him the first Christian Emperour 257. Great Thunder in the earth with terrible darkness an Earthquake The Sea overwhelmed many Cities in Europe and Affrica The Goths take Chalcedon and spoyl it They take Nice also The sickness rageth in the Roman Army The Goths burn the Temple of Ephesus they enter Macedonia and Asia 264. This year there were many exceeding great Earthquakes and darkness for many days together Spears also were seen in the Elements at Rome The Germans and Scythians wast the Empire The French mischief Italy Claud. Censorinus made Emperour in Italy and slain there Donald in Scotland usurped and kept the Nobility in fear threatning to kill their kindred whom he had took 300. An horrible Earthquake at Tyre which destroyed many Buildings and an innumerable company of people Many Monsters were also born this year Dioclesian assumeth the name of Divin● Honour Many Christians are burned in a house at Nicodemia The tenth persecution beginneth 144000 put to death in Egypt and 700000 banished The Persians and Goths worsted 314. This year a Banner with a Cross seen in the Air and divers Armies Fighting Penitents were also seen to hover in the Air in Spain Two Councils cal'd and held this year one at Arls against the Donatists The other at Ancyra in Galatia to restore the lapsed Arrius beg●ns to broach his Heresies is condemned by a Council at Alexandria 315. 320. This year was a hand seen in Lateran at Rome without a body which in the sight of many men writ upon a wall these words Hodie venonum Ecclesiae infusu●us To day he will pour Poyson into the Church Rome beautified by Constantine Lamps and Wax-candles in the day time used in the Church first Constantine goeth into Gaul to appease a sedition of his Souldiers French aid the Samarte against the Romans and in a Battel kill 46000 men 323. A Fountain ran with oyl in Italy There was also a terrible Comet seen for many days together at Rome Constantine and Licinius met at Chalcedon Licinius is overthrown Octavian Fleeth into Scotland and by the aide of Fincomore recovers Britain Licinius is put to death 340. An Earthquake in Asia that overthrew many Cities A child of six months old Prophecies in Rome Constantine the Eldest is slain The Siege of Nisibis is raised Constans raiseth forces against the Gauls he subdueth them Athanasius is exiled 343. A great and terrible Eclipse of the Sun And an Earthquake whose force was so great that it overthrew many Cities in the East Paul banished Hermogenes slain in a tumult Constantius persecuteth the Clergy Julius entertaineth Athanasius and other banished Catholicks the Arrians are offended at it Arrius his heresi s spread at Antioch A persecution in Persia Constantius is beaten in Persia The Heathen Templ●s shut up Nisibis besieged again by Sapores 344. A great and terrible Earthquake that shook Antioch and most of the Eastern parts for a year together 349. A great Earthquake that overthrew a City into the sea all of it except the Church Dirachium fell with an Earthquake and Rome was shak n three days and three nights together together with divers Cities in Campania Constantius giveth battel to the Persians and overcometh them but his souldiers drunk with wine and beer as well as with success the Persians come suddenly on them and make a great slaughter Magnen●ius conspires against Constance although he had once saved his life 362. An Earthquake in Persia doing very much harm This yeer an Ox is said to have spoke in Italy Nicodemia overthrown with an Earthquake Vandamore taken by Julian Constantius maketh peace with Sapores and shortly after dies Christians persecuted Julian to Constantinople prepares for the Persian war is slain at Chresiphen The Temple of Apollo Daphneus burnt 369. A great inundation or overflowing of waters in Sicilia and a general Earthquake over the whole world Romachus defeateth Angusian and the Picts He tyrannizeth and the Nobles cut off his head Valence putteth Athanaricus to flight 377. A Comet of wonderful greatness and another general Earthquake in Cicilia The Scots and Picts are set at variance by Maximus The Goths turn Arrians They wast Thrace Thessaly and Epirus Gratian killeth 35000 Germans 384. This year appears a terrible sign in the Heavens in all parts like unto a fierie P●llar And the River Tiber overflows her Banks again Maximus killeth Gratian treacherously possesseth Britain France Spain Affrick Vandals Lumbards quarrel Priscillian is executed at Trevors by Maximus after an appeal to him from the Council of Bourdeaux 392. A new star in the Heavens that appeared in the form of a sword for forty days together

of ♓ Latrocinia rapinas terra c. It portends many robberies and rapines and villanies to be perpetrated both at Sea and Land Thus much for the significations of the Moons Eclipse in any of the decanates of the 12. signs and of my discourse of Eclipses at this time also Subsect 3. Of Earthquakes An Earthquake of it self is so generally and experimentally known that it would be but to little purpose for me to present you here with a definition thereof I shall therefore pretermit that and discourse of these following particulars viz. 1. Of the causes of Earthquakes 2. Of the kinds or Species 3. Of their Antecedentia 4. Of their Consequentia 1. Of the several causes of Earthquakes Because the efficient cause is the most eminent among causes I shall begin with that first of which some learned Naturalists give this account viz. Efficiens est calor Solis simul ignis subterraneus quibus suppeditant tres superiores planetae The efficient cause of all Earthquakes is the heat of the Sun together with the Subterranean fires assisted by the astringent or binding qualities of the three superior Planets Saturn Jupiter Mars Sed causa Materialis est spiritus seu vapor in terrae visceribus exire contendens But the material cause of them is the spirit or vapour imprisoned or confined in the bowels of the Earth striving or using all possible means to break forth But Causa Formalis est ipsa concussio terrae agitatio exhalationem terra inclusarum The formal cause of Earthquakes is the concussion or troubled shaking of the earth and the agitation of the vapours and exhalations therein inclosed And for the final cause of Earthquakes that may be apparently observed among their effects or consequentia For God never yet sent any Messenger unto or among the sons of men that ever returned without a perfect delivery of his errand 2. Of their kinds or Species Divers are the opinions of Philosophers concerning the kindes of Earthquakes for there are some that hold there are seven kinds of them others but five some others but four and the learned Aristotle de Meteor lib. 2. c. 8. maketh only two Species of them viz. tremor pulsus a trembling and a beating But among all these opinions that which admits of five several kinds or Species seemeth to carry the most apparent shew of reason there being a manifest and apparent difference between each of them and accordingly I shall give you a description of each of them and they thus follow 1. The first kinde of Earthquake is a lateral or side-long shaking as when the whole force or fury of the wind driveth to one place only there being no contrary motion to let or hinder it Many Hills and Buildings have been rushed down by this kind of Earthquake especially when the wind causing it was fierce and strong for if it happen to be a weak and feeble wind it only loosneth or unfastneth the foundations but if it be less weak then without further harm the Earth only shakes like one sick of an ague 2. The second kind is not so much lateral or side-long as perpendicular or upright and happeneth when the earth with great violence is so lifted up that the buildings thereof are likely to fall and suddenly it sinketh down again for after the wind or vapour that caused the earth to swell is broke out of its prison the earth returneth to its old place even as it was before 3. The third kind of Earthquake is called Hyatus a gaping rending or cleaving of the earth one part thereof being driven so far from the other that whole Towns Cities Rivers Hills Rocks and Seas and the like are swallowed up and never seen again like unto that which happened in the year 244. post Christum 4. The fourth kind of Earthquake is a shaking that causeth sinking and is far differing from the former for now the Earth splitteth not but sinketh it happening in such places where though the surface or upper parts of the earth be solid and firm yet the foundation thereof is but salt which being moistened by water being driven through it by the force of the shaking exhalation is turned to water also And after this manner according to the testimony of the famous Plato was the Atlantique Ocean from an Island turned into a Sea 5. The fifth and last kind of Earthquakes is different from the former for as before the ground sinks down so now it is cast up somewhat like to the second kind mentioned only with this difference that now it returneth not to its place again but remaineth a very great Mountain like unto that of Mercley Hill in Herefordshire which happened about an hundred years since as is mentioned at the begining of this book And note that if such a rising happen in the Sea it doth not only cause overflowing but also produceth many Islands such as were never seen before And thus much for the Species of Earthquakes 3. Of their Antecedentia As for the Antecedentia or the signs and fore-runners of Earthquakes according to the best of Authors they are chiefly these which follow 1. A great Calmness Tranquillity and serenety of the Air intermixed with some cold the reason of which is because the exhalation which should be blowing abroad is wholly within the Earth 2. The dimness and paleness of the Sun for certain days together although there be no clouds to interpose The reason whereof is because the wind which should have dissolved and purged the gross Air is taken captive and kept and enclosed within the bowels of the earth 3. A more then ordinary quietude and solitariness of birds i. e. if they do not flie but sit still and are fearful to let any come neer unto them the reason of which is because either the pent exhalation sendeth some strange alteration in the Air which slenderly breatheth out of the insensible pores of the earth which it may do although the exhalation tarry behind or else it is by reason they are scarce able to flie for want of some gentle gales for their wing as they flie to strike upon it being a thing well known that birds flie more cheerfully and willingly when the Air is of such a temper 4. When the weather of it self is calm and yet the water of the Sea is troubled and rageth mightily and the reason that is given of this is because the great plenty of spirits or wind in the bottom of the Sea begins to labor for passage that way but finding none is sent back again whereupon it soon after shaketh the land and this saith Dr. Swan is evermore a certain sign 5. When the water in the bottom of pits and deep wells is troubled ascending and moving as if it were boyled stinking and is infected the reason whereof is because the exhalation being pent and striving to get forth moveth some stinking minerals and other poysonous stuff to the Springs of these