the first Book THE HISTORY OF BRITAIN The Second Book I Am now to write of what befell the Britans from fifty and three years before the Birth of our Saviour when first the Romans came in till the decay and ceasing of that Empire a story of much truth and for the first hunderd years and somwhat more collected without much labour So many and so prudent were the Writers which those two the civilest and the wisest of European Nations both Italy and Greece afforded to the actions of that Puissant Citty For worthy deeds are not often destitute of worthy relaters as by a certain Fate great Acts and great Eloquence have most commonly gon hand in hand equalling and honouring each other in the same Ages 'T is true that in obscurest times by shallow and unskilfull Writers the indistinct noise of many Battels and devastations of many Kingdoms over-run and lost hath come to our Eares For what wonder if in all Ages Ambition and the love of rapine hath stirr'd up greedy and violent men to bold attempts in wasting and ruining Warrs which to posterity have left the work of Wild Beasts and Destroyers rather then the Deeds and Monuments of men and Conquerours But he whose just and true valour uses the necessity of Warr and Dominion not to destroy but to prevent destruction to bring in liberty against Tyrants Law and Civility among barbarous Nations knowing that when he Conquers all things else he cannot Conquer Time or Detraction wisely conscious of this his want as well as of his worth not to be forgott'n or conceal'd honours and hath recourse to the aid of Eloquence his freindliest and best supply by whose immortal Record his noble deeds which else were transitory becoming fixt and durable against the force of Yeares and Generations he fails not to continue through all Posterity over Envy Death and Time also victorious Therfore when the esteem of Science and liberal study waxes low in the Common-wealth wee may presume that also there all civil Vertue and worthy action is grown as low to a decline and then Eloquence as it were consorted in the same destiny with the decrease and fall of vertue corrupts also and fades at least resignes her office of relating to illiterat and frivolous Historians such as the persons themselvs both deserv and are best pleas'd with whilst they want either the understanding to choose better or the innocence to dare invite the examining and searching stile of an intelligent and faithfull Writer to the survay of thir unsound exploits better befreinded by obscurity then Fame As for these the only Authors wee have of Brittish matters while the power of Rome reach'd hither for Gildas affirms that of the Roman times noe Brittish Writer was in his daies extant or if any ever were either burnt by Enemies or transported with such as fled the Pictish and Saxon invasions these therfore only Roman Authors there bee who in the English Tongue have laid together as much and perhaps more then was requisite to a History of Britain So that were it not for leaving an unsightly gap so neer to the beginning I should have judg'd this labour wherin so little seems to be requir'd above transcription almost superfluous Notwithstanding since I must through it if ought by diligence may bee added or omitted or by other disposing may be more explain'd or more express'd I shall assay Julius Caesar of whom and of the Roman Free State more then what appertains is not here to be discours'd having subdu'd most part of Gallia which by a potent faction he had obtain'd of the Senat as his Province for many years stirr'd up with a desire of adding still more glory to his name and the whole Roman Empire to his ambition som say with a farr meaner and ignobler the desire of Brittish Pearls whose bigness he delighted to ballance in his hand determins and that upon no unjust pretended occasion to trie his Force in the Conquest also of Britain For he understood that the Britans in most of his Gallian Warrs had sent supplies against him had receiv'd fugitives of the Bellovaci his Enemies and were call'd over to aid the Citties of Armorica which had the year before conspir'd all in a new Rebellion Therfore Caesar though now the Summer well nigh Year before Christ 53 ending and the season unagreeable to transport a Warr yet judg'd it would be great advantage only to get entrance into the I le knowledge of the men the places the ports the accesses which then it seems were eev'n to the Gauls thir Neighbours almost unknown For except Merchants and Traders it is not oft saith he that any use to Travel thether and to those that doe besides the Sea Coast and the Ports next to Gallia nothing else is known But heer I must require as Pollio did the diligence at least the memory of Caesar for if it were true as they of Rhemes told him that Divitiacus not long before a Puissant King of the Soissons had Britain also under his Command besides the Belgian Colonies which he affirms to have nam'd and peopl'd many Provinces there if also the Britans had so frequently giv'n them aid in all thir Warrs if lastly the Druid learning honour'd so much among them were at first taught them out of Britain and they who soonest would attain that Discipline sent hether to learn it appears not how Britain at that time should be so utterly unknow'n in Gallia or only know'n to Merchants yea to them so little that beeing call'd together from all parts none could be found to inform Caesar of what bigness the I le what Nations how great what use of Warr they had what Laws or so much as what commodious Havens for bigger Vessels Of all which things as it were then first to make discovery he sends Caius Volusenus in a long Galley with command to return assoon as this could be effected Hee in the mean time with his whole power draws nigh to the Morine Coast whence the shortest passage was into Britain Hether his Navy which he us'd against the Armoricans and what else of Shipping can be provided he draws together This known in Britain Embassadors are sent from many of the States there who promise Hostages and Obedience to the Roman Empire Them after Audience giv'n Caesar as largely promising and exhorting to continue in that mind sends home and with them Comius of Arras whom he had made King of that Country and now secretly employ'd to gain a Roman party among the Britans in as many Citties as he found inclinable and to tell them that he himself was speeding thether Volusenus with what discovery of the Iland he could make from aboard his Ship not daring to venture on the shoar within five daies returns to Caesar Who soon after with two Legions ordnarily amounting of Romans and thir Allies to about 25000 Foot and 4500 Horse the Foot in 80 Ships of burden the Horse in 18
of much good yet such as being new and uncertain I cannot hastily assent to quitting the Religion which from my Ancestors with all the English Nation so many years I have retain'd Nevertheless because ye are strangers and have endur'd so long a journey to impart us the knowledge of things which I perswade me you believe to be the truest and the best ye may be sure we shall not recompence you with any molestation but shall provide rather how we may friendliest entertain ye nor do we forbid whom ye can by preaching gain to your belief And accordingly thir residence he allotted them in Doroverne or Canturbury his chief Citty and made provision for thir maintenance with free leave to preach their doctrine where they pleased By which and by the example of thir holy life spent in prayer fasting and continual labour in the conversion of Souls they won many on whose bounty and the Kings receiving only what was necessary they subsisted There stood without the Citty on the East-side an ancient Church built in honour of St. Martin while yet the Romans remain'd heer in which Bertha the Queen went out usually to pray Heer they also began first to preach baptize and openly to exercise divine worship An. Dom. 598 But when the King himself convinc't by thir good life miracles became Christian and was baptized which came to pass in the very first year of thir arrival then multitudes daily conforming to thir Prince thought it honour to be reckon'd among those of his faith To whom Ethelbert indeed principally shewed his favour but compell'd none For so he had bin taught by them who were both the Instructors and the Authors of his faith that Christian Religion ought to be voluntary not compell'd About this time Kelwulf the Son of Cutha Keaulins Brother reign'd over the West-Saxons after his Brother Keola or Kelric and had continual War either with English Welch Picts or Scots An. Dom. 601 But Austin whom with his fellows Ethelbert now had endow'd with a better place for thir abode in the Citty and other possessions necessary to livelihood crossing into France was by the Archbishop of Arles at the appointment of Pope Gregory ordain'd Archbishop of the English and returning sent to Rome Laurence and Peter two of his associates to acquaint the Pope of his good success in England and to be resolv'd of certain Theological or rather Levitical questions with answers to which not proper in this place Gregory sends also to the great work of converting that went on so happily a supply of labourers Mellitus Justus Paulinus Rufinian and many others who what they were may be guess't by the stuff which they brought with them vessels and vestments for the Altar Coaps reliques and for the Archbishop Austin a Pall to say Mass in to such a rank superstition that Age was grown though some of them yet retaining an emulation of Apostolic zeal lastly to Ethelbert they brought a letter with many presents Austin thus exalted to Archiepiscopal authority recover'd from the ruins and other profane uses a Christian Church in Canturbury built of old by the Romans which he dedicated by the name of Christs Church and joyning to it built a seat for himself and his successors a Monastery also neer the Citty Eastward where Ethelbert at his motion built St. Peters and enrich't it with great endowments to be a place of burial for the Archbishops and Kings of Kent so quickly they step't up into fellowship of pomp with Kings While thus Ethelbert and his people had thir minds intent Ethelfrid the Northumbrian King was not less bufied in far different affairs for being altogether warlike and covetous of fame he more wasted the Britans then any Saxon King before him winning from them large Territories which either he made tributary or planted with his own Subjects An. Dom. 603 Whence Edan King of those Scots that dwelt in Britain jealous of his successes came against him with a mighty Army to a place call'd Degsastan but in the fight loosing most of his men himself with a few escap'd only Theobald the Kings brother and the whole wing which he commanded unfortunately cut off made the Victory to Ethelfrid less intire Yet from that time no King of Scots in hostile manner durst pass into Britain for a hunderd and more years after and what some years before Kelwulf the West-Saxon is annal'd to have done against the Scots and Picts passing through the Land of Ethelfrid a King so potent unless in his aid and alliance is not likely Buchanan writes as if Ethelfrid assisted by Keaulin whom he mis-titles King of East-Saxons had before this time a battel with Aidan wherein Cutha Keaulins son was slain But Cutha as is above written from better authority was slain in fight against the Welch 20 years before An. Dom. 604 The number of Christians began now to increase so fast that Augustine ordaining Bishops under him two of his assistants Mellitus and Justus sent them out both to the work of thir ministry And Mellitus by preaching converted the East-Saxons over whom Sebert the son of Sleda by permission of Ethelbert being born of his sister Ricula then reign'd Whose conversion Ethelbert to gratulate built them the great Church of St. Paul in London to be their Bishops Cathedral as Justus also had his built at Rochester and both gifted by the same King with fair possessions Hitherto Austin laboured well among Infidels but not with like commendation soon after among Christians For by means of Ethelbert summoning the Britan Bishops to a place on the edge of Worcestershire call'd from that time Augustines Oke he requires them to conform with him in the same day of celebrating Easter and many other points wherein they differ'd from the rites of Rome which when they refus'd to do not prevailing by dispute he appeals to a miracle restoring to sight a blind man whom the Britans could not cure At this something mov'd though not minded to recede from thir own opinions without furder consultation they request a second meeting to which came seven Britan Bishops with many other lerned men especially from the famous Monastery of Bangor in which were said to be so many Monks living all by thir own labour that being divided under seven Rectors none had fewer then 300. One man there was who staid behind a Hermit by the life he led who by his wisdom effected more then all the rest who went being demanded for they held him as an Oracle how they might know Austin to be a man from God that they might follow him he answer'd that if they found him meek and humble they should be taught by him for it was likeliest to be the yoke of Christ both what he bore himself and would have them bear but if he bore himself proudly that they should not regard him for he was then certainly not of God They took his advice and hasted to the place of
and built another at Temsford judging that place more opportune from whence to make thir excursions and soon after went forth with design to assail Bedford but the Garrison issuing out slew a great part of them the rest fled After this a greater Army of them gatherd out of Mercia and the East-Angles came and beseig'd the City call'd Wigingmere a whole Day but finding it defended stoutly by them within thence also departed driving away much of thir Cattel wherupon the English from Towns and Citties round about joining Forces laid Seige to the Town and Castle of Temsford and by assault took both slew thir King with Toglea a Duke and Mannan his Son an Earl with all the rest there found who chose to die rather then yeild Encourag'd by this the men of Kent Surrey and part of Essex enterprise the Seige of Colnhester nor gave over till they won it sacking the Town and putting to Sword all the Danes therein except some who escap'd over the Wall To the succour of these a great number of Danes inhabiting Ports and other Towns in the East-Angles united thir Force but coming too late as in revenge beleaguerd Maldon but that Town also timely releiv'd they departed not only frustrate of thir design but so hotly persu'd that many thousands of them lost thir lives in the flight Forthwith King Edward with his West-Saxons went to Passham upon Ouse there to guard the passage while others were building a stone Wall about Torchester to him there Earl Thurfert and other Lord Danes with thir Army thereabout as far as Weolud came and submitted Wherat the Kings Souldiers joyfully cry'd out to be dismiss't home therfore with another part of them he enterd Huntingdon and repair'd it where breaches had bin made all the people thereabout returning to obedience The like was done at Colnchester by the next remove of his Army after which both East and West-Angles and the Danish Forces among them yeilded to the King swearing Allegiance to him both by Sea and Land the Army also of Danes at Grantbrig surrendring themselves took the same Oath The Summer following he came with his Army to Stamford An. Dom. 922 built a Castle there on the South-side of the River where all the people of those quarters acknowledg'd him supream Dureing his abode there Elfled his Sister a martial Woman who after her Husbands Death would no more marry but gave her self to public affairs repairing and fortifying many Towns warring sometimes dy'd at Tamworth the Cheif Seat of Mercia wherof by guift of Alfred her Father she was Lady or Queen wherby that whole Nation became obedient to King Edward as did also North-Wales with Howel Cledaucus and Jeothwell thir Kings Thence passing to Nottingham he enterd and repair'd the Town plac'd there part English part Danes and receav'd fealty from all in Mercia of either Nation The next Autumn coming An. Dom. 923 with his Army into Cheshire he built and fortifi'd Thelwel and while he staid there call'd another Army out of Mercia which he sent to repair and fortifie Manchester About Midsummer following An. Dom. 924 he march'd again to Nottingham built a Town over against it on the South-side of that River and with a Bridg joyn'd them both thence journied to a place call'd Bedecanwillan in Pictland there also built and fenc'd a City on the Borders where the King of Scots did him honour as to his Sovran together with the whole Scotish Nation the like did Reginald and the Son of Eadulf Danish Princes with all the Northumbrians both English and Danes The King also of a people thereabout call'd Streatgledwalli the North Welch as Camden thinks of Strat-Cluid in Denbigh-shire perhaps rather the British of Cumberland did him homage and not undeserv'd For Buchanan himself confesses that this King Edward with a small number of men compar'd to his Enemies overthrew in a great Battel the whole united power both of Scots and Daâ—es slew most of the Scotish Nobility and forc'd Malcolmb whom Constantine the Scotch King had made General and design'd Heir of his Crown to save himself by flight sore wounded Of the English he makes Athelstan the Son of Edward Chief Leader and so far seems to confound times and actions as to make this Battel the same with that fought by Athelstan about 24 years after at Bruneford against Anlaf and Constantine wherof hereafter But here Buchanan takes occasion to inveigh against the English Writers upbraiding them with ignorance who affirm Athelstan to have bin supream King of Britain Constantine the Scotish King with others to have held of him and denies that in the Annals of Marianus Scotus any mention is to be found therof which I shall not stand much to contradict for in Marianus whether by Surname or by Nation Scotus will be found as little mention of any other Scotish affairs till the time of King Dunchad slain by Machetad or Mackbeth in the year 1040. which gives cause of suspition that the affairs of Scotland before that time were so obscure as to be unknown to thir own Countryman who liv'd and wrote his Chronicle not long after But King Edward thus nobly doing and thus honour'd the year following dy'd at Farendon An. Dom. 925 a builder and restorer eev'n in War not a destroyer of his Land He had by several Wives many Childern his eldest Daughter Edgith he gave in marriage to Charles King of France Grand-Child of Charles the Bald above-mention'd of the rest in place convenient His Laws are yet to be seen He was buried at Winchester in the Monastery by Alfred his Father And a few days after him dy'd Ethelwerd his Eldest Son the Heir of his Crown He had the whole Iland in subjection yet so as petty Kings reign'd under him In Northumberland after Ecbert whom the Danes had set up and the Northumbrians yet unruly under thir yoke at the end of 6 years had expell'd one Ricsig was set up King and bore the name 3 years then another Ecbert and Guthred the latter if we beleeve Legends of a Servant made King by command of St. Cudbert in a Vision and enjoyn'd by another Vision of the same Saint to pay well for his Royalty many Lands and privileges to his Church and Monastery But now to the story Athelstan AThelstan next in Age to Ethelward his Brother who deceas'd untimely few days before though born of a Concubine yet for the great appearance of many vertues in him and his Brethren being yet under Age was exalted to the Throne at Kingstone An. Dom. 926 upon Thames and by his Fathers last Will saith Malmsbury yet not without some opposition of one Alfred and his Accomplices who not likeing he should reign had conspir'd to seise on him after his Fathers Death and to put out his Eyes But the Conspiratours discoverd and Alfred denying the Plot was sent to Rome to assert his innocence before the Pope where taking his Oath on
Emma for Hardecnute till his return But Harold once advanc't into the Throne banish'd Emma his Mother-in-law seis'd on his Fathers Treasure at Winchester and there remain'd Emma not holding it safe to abide An. Dom. 1036 in Normandy while Duke William the Bastard was yet under Age retir'd to Baldwin Earl of Flanders In the mean while Alfred and Edward Sons of Ethelred accompanied with a small number of Norman Souldiers in a few Ships coming to visit thir mother Emma not yet departed the land and perhaps to see how the people were inclin'd to restore them thir right Elfred was sent for by the King then at London but in his way met at Guilford by Earl Godwin who with all seeming friendship entertain'd him was in the night surpris'd and made Prisner most of his Company put to various sorts of cruel Death decimated twice over then brought to London was by the King sent bound to Eely had his Eyes put out by the way and deliverd to the Monks there dy'd soon after in thir Custody Malmsbury gives little credit to this story of Elfred as not Chronicl'd in his time but rumour'd only Which Emma however hearing sent away her Son Edward who by good hap accompanied not his Brother with all speed into Normandy But the Authour of Encomium Emmae who seems plainly though nameless to have been some Monk yet liv'd and perhaps wrote within the same year when these things were done by his relation differing from all others much aggravates the cruelty of Harold that he not content to have practis'd in secret for op'nly he durst not against the life of Emma sought many treacherous ways to get her Son within his power and resolv'd at length to forge a Letter in the name of thir mother inviting them into England the Copy of which Letter he produces writt'n to this purpose EMma in name only Queen to her Sons Edward and Alfrid imparts motherly salutation While we severally bewail the Death of our Lord the King most Dear Sons and while daily yee are depriv'd more and more of the Kingdom your Inheritance I admire what Counsel yee take knowing that your intermitted delay is a daily strengthning to the Reign of your Vsurper who incessantly goes about from Town to City gaining the Chief Nobles to his party either by gifts prayers or threats But they had much rather one of you should reign over them then to be held under the power of him who now over-rules them I entreat therefore that one of you come to me speedily and privatly to receive from me wholsom Counsel and to know how the business which I intend shall be accomplisht By this Messenger present send back what you determine Farewell as dear both as my own Heart These Letters were sent to the Princes then in Normandy by express Messengers with presents also as from thir mother which they joyfully receiving return word by the same Messengers that one of them will be with her shortly naming both the time and place Alfrid therefore the younger for so it was thought best at the appointed time with a few Ships and small numbers about him appearing on the Coast no sooner came ashore but fell into the snare of Earl Godwin sent on purpose to betray him as above was related Emma greatly sorrowing for the loss of her Son thus cruelly made away fled immediatly with some of the Nobles her faithfullest adherents into Flanders had her dwelling assign'd at Bruges by the Earl where having remain'd about two years she was visited out of An. Dom. 1039 Denmarke by Hardecnute her Son and he not long had remain'd with her there when Harold in England having done nothing the while worth memory save the taxing of every Port at 8 marks of Silver An. Dom. 1040 to 16 Ships dy'd at London some say at Oxford and was buried at Winchester After which most of the Nobility both Danes and English now agreeing send Embassadors to Hardecnute still at Bruges with his mother entreating him to come and receave as his right the Scepter who before Midsomer came with 60 Ships and many Souldiers out of Denmarke Hardecnute HArdecnute receav'd with acclamation and seated in the Throne first call'd to mind the injuries done to him or his Mother Emma in the time of Harold sent Alfric Bishop of Yorke Godwin and others with Troud his Executioner to London commanding them to dig up the body of King Harold and throw it into a Ditch but by a second order into the Thames Whence tak'n up by a Fisherman and convei'd to a Church-yard in London belonging to the Danes it was enterr'd again with honour This done he levied a sore Tax that 8 marks to every Rower and twelve to every Officer in his Fleet should be paid throughout England by which time they who were so forward to call him over had anough of him for he as they thought had too much of theirs After this he call'd to account Godwin Earl of Kent and Leving Bishop of Worster about the Death of Elfred his Brother which Alfric the Archbishop laid to thir charge the King depriv'd Leving of his Bishoprick and gave it to his accuser but the year following pacifi'd with a round summe restor'd it to Leving Godwin made his peace by a sumptuous present a Gally with a guilded stem bravely rigg'd and 80 Souldiers in her every one with Bracelets of gold on each Arm weighing 16 ounces Helmet Corslet and Hilts of his Sword guilded a Danish Curtax listed with gold or silver hung on his left shoulder a Sheild with boss and nales guilded in his left hand in his right a Launce besides this he took his Cath before the King that neither of his own councel or will but by the command of Harold he had done what he did to the putting out of Elfreds Eyes The like Oath took most of the Nobility for themselves or in his behalf The next year Hardecnute sending An. Dom. 1041 his House Earls so they call'd his Officers to gather the Tribute impos'd two of them rigorous in thir Office were slain at Worster by the people wherat the King enrag'd sent Leofric Duke of Mercia and Seward of Northumberland with great Forces and Commission to slay the Cittizens rifle and burn the City wast the whole Province Affrighted with such news all the people fled the Country-men whither they could the Cittizens to a small Iland in Severn call'd Beverege which they fortifi'd and defended stoutly till peace was granted them and freely to return home But thir City they found sack't and burnt wherwith the King was appeas'd This was commendable in him however cruel to others that toward his half brethren though Rivals of his Crown he shew'd himself alwayes tenderly affectiond as now towards Edward who without fear came to him out of Normandy and with unfeigned kindness receav'd remain'd safely and honorably in his Court But Hardecnute An. Dom. 1042 the year following
his Fetters to move furder entreating them to come speedily and fetch him in Anacletus to save both himself and his freind Antigonus swears this and at fit howr setts on alone toward the Camp is mett examin'd and at last unquestionably known To whom great profession of fidelity first made he frames his Tale as had bin taught him and they now fully assur'd with a credulous rashness leaving thir Stations far'd accordingly by the ambush that there awaited them Forthwith Brutus dividing his men into three parts leads on in silence to the Camp commanding first each part at a several place to enter and forbear Execution till he with his Squadron posses'd of the Kings Tent gave Signal to them by Trumpet The sound whereof no sooner heard but huge havock begins upon the sleeping and unguarded Enemy whom the beseiged also now sallying forth on the other side assaile Brutus the while had special care to seise and secure the Kings Person whose life still within his Custody he knew was the surest pledge to obtain what he should demand Day appearing he enters the Town there distributes the Kings Treasury and leaving the place better fortify'd returns with the King his Prisner to the Woods Strait the ancient and grave men he summons to Counsell what they should now demand of the King After long debate Mempricius one of the gravest utterly dissuading them from thought of longer stay in Greece unlesse they meant to be deluded with a suttle peace and the awaited revenge of those whose freinds they had slain advises them to demand first the Kings Eldest Daughter Innogen in mariage to thir Leader Brutus with a rich dowry next shipping mony and fitt provision for them all to depart the Land This resolution pleasing best the King now brought in and plac'd in a high Seat is breifly told that on these conditions granted he might be free not granted he must prepare to die Prest with fear of death the King readily yeelds especially to bestow his Daughter on whom he confess'd so Noble and so Valiant offers them also the third part of his Kingdom if they like to stay if not to be thir Hostage himself till he had made good his word The Mariage therfore solemniz'd and shipping from all parts got together the Trojans in a Fleet no less writt'n then three hunderd fowr and twenty Sail betake them to the wide Sea where with a prosperous course two daies and a night bring them on a certain Iland long before dispeopl'd and left wast by Sea-Roavers the name wherof was then Leogecia now unknow'n They who were sent out to discover came at length to a ruin'd City where was a Temple and Image of Diana that gave Oracles but not meeting first or last save wild Beasts they return with this notice to thir Ships Wishing thir General would enquire of that Oracle what voiage to pursue Consultation had Brutus taking with him Geriou his Diviner and twely of the ancientest with wonted Ceremonies before the inward shrine of the Goddess in Verse as it seems the manner was utters his request Diva potens nemorum c. Goddess of Shades and Huntress who at will Walk'st on the rowling Sphear and through the deep On thy third Reigne the Earth look now and tell What Land what Seat of rest thou bidst me seek What certain Seat where I may worship thee For aye with Temples vow'd and Virgin quires To whom sleeping before the Altar Diana in a Vision that night thus answer'd Brute sub occasum Solis c. Brutus far to the West in th' Ocean wide Beyond the Realm of Gaul a Land there lies Sea-girt it lies where Giants dwelt of old Now void it fits thy people thether bend Thy course there shalt thou find a lasting seat There to thy Sons another Troy shall rise And Kings be born of thee whose dredded might Shall aw the World and Conquer Nations bold These Verses Originally Greek were put in Latin saith Virunnius by Gildas a British Poet and him to have liv'd under Claudius Which granted true adds much to the Antiquitie of this Fable and indeed the Latin Verses are much better then for the Age of Geoffrey ap Arthur unless perhaps Joseph of Exeter the only smooth Poet of those times befreinded him in this Diana overshot her Oracle thus ending Ipsis totiusterrae subditus orbis erit That to the race of Brute Kings of this Iland the whole Earth shall be subject But Brutus guided now as he thought by divine conduct speeds him towards the West and after som encounters on the Afric side arrives at a place on the Tyrrhen Sea where he happ'ns to find the Race of those Trojans who with Antenor came into Italy and Corineus a man much fam'd was thir Cheif though by surer Authors it be reported that those Trojans with Antenor were seated on the other side of Italie on the Adriatic not the Tyrrhen shoar But these joyning Company and past the Herculean Pillars at the mouth of Ligeris in Aquitania cast Anchor Where after som discovery made of the place Corineus Hunting nigh the shoar with his Men is by Messengers of the King Goffarius Pictus mett and question'd about his Errand there Who not answering to thir mind Imbertus one of them le ts fly an Arrow at Corineus which he avoiding slaies him and the Pictavian himself heerupon levying his whole Force is over-thrown by Brutus and Corineus who with the Battell Ax which he was wont to manage against the Tyrrhen Giants is said to have done marvells But Goffarius having draw'n to his aid the whole Country of Gaul at that time govern'd by twelv Kings puts his Fortune to a second Trial Wherin the Trojans over-born by multitude are driv'n back and beseigd in thir own Camp which by good foresight was strongly situate Whence Brutus unexpectedly issuing out and Corineus in the mean while whose device it was assaulting them behind from a Wood where he had convayd his men the night before The Trojans are again Victors but with the loss of Turon a Valiant Nefew of Brutus whose Ashes left in that place gave name to the City of Tours built there by the Trojans Brutus finding now his powers much lessn'd and this yet not the place foretold him leavs Aquitain and with an easie course arriving at Totness in Dev'nshire quickly perceivs heer to be the promis'd end of his labours The Iland not yet Britain but Albion was in a manner desert and inhospitable kept only by a remnant of Giants whose excessive Force and Tyranie had consum'd the rest Them Brutus destroies and to his people divides the Land which with som reference to his own name he thenceforth calls Britain To Corineus Cornwal as now we call it fell by Lot the rather by him lik't for that the hugest Giants in Rocks and Caves were said to lurk still there which kind of Monsters to deal with was his old exercise And heer with leave be-spok'n
builder of Temples and gave to all what was thir due to his Gods devout Worship to men of desert honour and preferment to the Commons encouragement in thir Labours and Trades defence and protection from injuries and oppressions so that the Land florish'd above her Neighbours Violence and Wrong seldom was heard of his Death was a general loss he was buried in Trinovant Archigallo the second Brother follow'd not his Example but depress'd the ancient Nobility and by peeling the wealthier sort stuff'd his Treasury and took the right way to be depos'd Elidure the next Brother surnam'd the Pious was set up in his place a mind so noble and so moderat as almost is incredible to have bin ever found For having held the Scepter five Years hunting one day in the Forest of Calater he chanc'd to meet his deposed Brother wandring in mean condition who had bin long in vain beyond the Seas importuning Foren aides to his Restorement and was now in a poor Habit with only ten followers privatly return'd to find subsistence among his secret freinds At the unexpected sight of him Elidure himself also then but thinly accompanied runns to him with open Arms and after many dear and sincere welcomings convaines him to the Citty Alclud there hides him in his own Bed-Chamber Afterwards faining himself sick summons all his Peers as about greatest affairs where admitting them one by one as if his weakness endur'd not the disturbance of more at once causes them willing or unwilling once more to swear Allegiance to Archigallo Whom after reconciliation made on all sides he leads to York and from his own Head places the Crown on the Head of his Brother Who thenceforth Vice it self dissolving in him and forgetting her firmest hold with the admiration of a deed so Heroic became a true converted man rul'd worthily 10 Years dy'd and was Buried in Caerleir Thus was a Brother sav'd by a Brother to whom love of a Crown the thing that so often dazles and vitiats mortal men for which thousands of neerest blood have destroy'd each other was in respect of Brotherly dearness a contemptible thing Elidure now in his own behalf re-assumes the Government and did as was worthy such a man to doe When providence that so great vertue might want no sort of trial to make it more illustrious stirs up Vigenius and Peredure his youngest Brethren against him who had deserv'd so nobly of that relation as lest of all by a Brother to be injur'd Yet him they defeat him they Imprison in the Towr of Trinovant and divide his Kingdom the North to Peredure the South to Vigenius After whose Death Peredure obtaining all so much the better us'd his power by how much the worse he got it So that Elidure now is hardly miss't But yet in all right owing to his Elder the due place wherof he had depriv'd him Fate would that he should die first and Elidure after many years Imprisonment is now the third time seated on the Throne which at last he enjoy'd long in Peace finishing the interrupted course of his mild and just Reign as full of vertuous deeds as daies to his end After these five Sons of Morindus succeeded also thir Sons in Order Regin of Gorbonian Marganus of Archigallo both good Kings But Enniaunus his Brother taking other courses was after six years depos'd Then Idwallo taught by a neer Example Govern'd soberly Then Runno then Geruntius He of Peredure this last the Son of Elidure From whose Loyns for that likely is the durable and surviving Race that springs of just Progenitors issu'd a long descent of Kings whose names only for many successions without other memory stand thus register'd Catellus Coillus Porrex Cherin and his three Sons Fulgenius Eldadus and Andragius his Son Vrianus Eliud Eledaueus Clotenus Gurguntius Merianus Bleduno Capis Oënus Sisillius twentie Kings in a continu'd row that either did nothing or liv'd in Ages that wrote nothing at least a foul pretermission in the Author of this whether Story or Fable himself wearie as seems of his own tedious Tale. But to make amends for this Silence Blegabredus next succeeding is recorded to have excell'd all before him in the Art of Music oppertunely had he but left us one Song of his 20 Predecessors doings Yet after him nine more succeeded in name His Brother Archimailus Eldol Redion Rederchius Samulius Penissel Pir Capoirus but Cliguellius with the addition of Modest Wise and Just His Son Heli Reign'd 40 Years and had three Sons Lud Cassibelaun and Nennius This Heli seems to be the same whom Ninnius in his fragment calls Minocan for him he writes to be the Father of Cassibelan Lud was he that enlarg'd and wall'd about Trinovant there kept his Court made it the prime City and call'd it from his own name Caer-lud or Luds Town now London Which as is alledg'd out of Gildas became matter of great dissention betwixt him and his Brother Nennius who took it hainously that the name of Troy thir ancient Country should be abolish'd for any new one Lud was hardy and bold in Warr in Peace a jolly Feaster He conquer'd many Ilands of the Sea saith Huntingdon and was buried by the Gate which from thence wee call Ludgate His two Sons Androgeus and Tenuantius were left unto the tuition of Cassibelan whose bounty and high demeanor so wraught with the common people as got him easily the Kingdom transferr'd upon himself He nevertheless continuing to favour and support his Nefews conferrs freely upon Androgeus London with Kent upon Tenuantius Cornwall reserving a superiority both over them and all the other Princes to himself till the Romans for a while circumscrib'd his power Thus farr though leaning only on the creâ—â—t of Geffrey Monmouth and his assertors I yet for the specify'd causes have thought it not beneath my purpose to relate what I found Wherto I neither oblige the beleif of other person nor over-hastily subscribe mine own Nor have I stood with others computing or collating years and Chronologies lest I should be vainly curious about the time and circumstance of things wherof the substance is so much in doubt By this time like one who had set out on his way by night and travail'd through a Region of smooth or idle Dreams our History now arrivs on the Confines where day-light and truth meet us with a cleer dawn representing to our view though at a farr distance true colours and shapes For albeit Caesar whose Autority we are now first to follow wanted not who tax'd him of mis-reporting in his Commentaries yea in his Civil Warrs against Pompey much more may wee think in the British affairs of whose little skill in writing he did not easily hope to be contradicted yet now in such variety of good Authors we hardly can miss from one hand or other to be sufficiently inform'd as of things past so long agoe But this will better be referr'd to a second discourse The End of
And Simeon reports another Battel fought between Britans and Picts the year ensueing Now was the Kingdome of East-Saxons drawing to a Period for Sigeard and Senfred the Sons of Sebbi having reign'd a while and after them young Offa who soon quitted his Kingdome to go to Rome with Kenred as hath been said the Goverment was conferr'd on Selred Son of Sigebert the good who having rul'd 38 years came to a violent death An. Dom. 746 how or wherefore is not set down After whom Swithred was the last King driv'n out by Ecbert the West-Saxon but London with the Countries adjacent obey'd the Mercians till they also were dissolv'd Cuthred had now reign'd about nine years An. Dom. 748 when Kuiric his Son a valiant young Prince was in a military tumult slain by his own Souldiers The same year Eadbert dying in Kent his Brother Edilbert reign'd in his stead An. Dom. 750 But after two years the other Eadbert in Northumberland whose War with the Picts hath bin above-mention'd made now such Progress there as to subdue Kyle so saith the Auctarie of Bede and other Countries thereabout to his dominion While Cuthred the West-Saxon had a fight with Ethelhun one of his Nobles a stout Warrier envi'd by him in some matter of the Common-wealth as far as by the Latin of Ethelward can be understood others interpret it Sedition and with much ado overcoming An. Dom. 752 took Ethelhun for his valour into favour by whom faithfully serv'd in the twelf or thirteenth of his Reign he encounter'd in a set Battell with Ethelbald the Mercian at Beorford now Burford in Oxfordshire An. Dom. 753 one year after against the Welch which was the last but one of his life Huntingdon as his manner is to comment upon the annal Text makes a terrible description of that fight between Cuthred and Ethelbald and the Prowess of Ethelhun at Beorford but so affectedly and therfore suspiciously that I hold it not worth rehersal and both in that and the latter conflict gives Victory to Cuthred after whom Sigebert uncertain by what right An. Dom. 754 his Kinsman saith Florent step'd into the Throne whom hated for his cruelty and other evil doings Kimwulf joining with most of the Nobility dispossess'd of all but Hamshir that Province he lost also within a year An. Dom. 755 together with the love of all those who till then remain'd his adherents by slaying Cumbran one of his Cheif Captains who for a long time had faithfully serv'd and now disuaded him from incensing the people by such Tyrannical practices Thence flying for safety into Andreds Wood forsak'n of all he was at length slain by the Swine-heard of Cumbran in revenge of his Maister and Kinwulf who had undoubted right to the Crown joyfully saluted King An. Dom. 756 The next year Eadbert the Northumbrian joining forces with Vnust King of the Picts as Simeon writes beseig'd and took by surrender the City Alcluith now Dunbritton in Lennox from the Britans of Cumberland and ten days after the whole Army perishd about Niwanbirig but to tell us how he forgetts In Mercia Ethelbald was slain at a place call'd Secandune An. Dom. 757 now Seckinton in Warwickshire the year following in a bloody fight against Cuthred as Huntingdon surmises but Cuthred was dead two years before others write him murder'd in the night by his own Guard and the Treason as some say of Beornred who succeeded him but ere many Months was defeated and slain by Offa. Yet Ethelbald seems not without cause after a long and prosperous Reign to have fall'n by a violent Death not shameing on the vain confidence of his many Alms to commit uncleaness with consecrated Nuns besides Laic Adulteries as the Arch-Bishop of Ments in a letter taxes him and his Predecessor and that by his example most of his Peers did the like which adulterous doings he foretold him were likely to produce a slothfull off-spring good for nothing but to be the ruin of that Kingdome as it fell out not long after An. Dom. 758 The next year Osmund according to Florence ruleing the South-Saxons and Swithred the East Eadbert in Northumberland following the steps of his Predecessor got him into a Monks Hood the more to be wonder'd that having reign'd worthily 21 years with the love and high estimation of all both at home and abroad able still to govern and much entreated by the Kings his Neighbours not to lay down his charge with offer on that condition to yeild up to him part of thir own Dominion he could not be mov'd from his resolution but relinquish'd his Royal Office to Oswulf his Son An. Dom. 759 who at the years end though without just cause was slain by his own Servants And the year after dy'd Ethelbert Son of Victred the second of that name in Kent An. Dom. 762 After Oswulf Ethelwald otherwise call'd Mollo was set up King who in his third year had a great Battel at Eldune by Melros slew Oswin a great Lord rebelling and gain'd the Victory An. Dom. 765 But the third year after fell by the treachery of Alcred who assum'd his place An. Dom. 769 The fowrth year after which Cataracta an antient and fair City in Yorkeshire was burnt by Arnred a certain Tyrant who the same year came to like end An. Dom. 774 And after five years more Alfred the King depos'd and forsak'n of all his people fled with a few first to Bebba a strong City of those parts thence to Kinot King of the Picts Ethelred the Son of Mollo was crown'd in his stead Mean while Offa the Mercian growing powerfull had subdu'd a Neighbouring people by Simeon call'd Hestings and fought successfully this year with Alric King of Kent at a place call'd Occanford the Annals also speak of wondrous Serpents then seen in Sussex Nor had Kinwulf the West-Saxon giv'n small proof of his valour in several Battels against the Welch heretofore An. Dom. 775 but this year 775. meeting with Offa at a place call'd Besington was put to the worse and Offa won the Town for which they contended An. Dom. 778 In Northumberland Ethelred having caus'd three of his Nobles Aldwulf Kinwulf and Ecca treacherously to be slain by two other Peers was himself the next year driv'n into banishment Elfwald the Son of Oswulf succeeding in his place yet not without civil broils An. Dom. 780 for in his second year Osbald and Ethelheard two Noblemen raising Forces against him routed Bearne his General and persueing burnt him at a place call'd Seletune I am sensible how wearisom it may likely be to read of so many bare and reasonless Actions so many names of Kings one after another acting little more then mute persons in a Scene what would it be to have inserted the long Bead-roll of Archbishops Bishops Abbots Abbesses and thir doeings neither to Religion profitable nor to morality swelling my Authors each to
not equal in power and extent of Dominion surpassing his Father The beginning of his Reign had much disturbance by Ethelwald an ambitious young man Son of the Kings Uncle or Cosin German or Brother for his Genealogy is variously deliverd He vainly avouching to have equal right An. Dom. 901 with Edward of succession to the Crown posses'd himself of Winburne in Dorset and another Town diversly nam'd giving out that there he would live or dye but encompass'd with the Kings Forces at Badburie a place nigh his heart failing him he stole out by night and fled to the Danish Army beyond Humber The King sent after him but not overtaking found his Wife in the Town whom he had married out of a Nunnery and commanded her to be sent back thether About this time the Kentish An. Dom. 902 men against a multitude of Danish Pirats fought prosperously at a place call'd Holme as Hoveden records Ethelwald aided by the Northumbrians with Shipping three years after sailing to the East-Angles An. Dom. 905 perswaded the Danes there to fall into the Kings Territory who marching with him as far as Crecklad and passing the Thames there wasted as far beyond as they durst venture and lad'n with spoils return'd home The King with his powers makeing speed after them between the Dike and Ouse suppos'd to be Suffolk and Cambridge-shire as far as the Fenns Northward laid wast all before him Thence intending to return he commanded that all his Army should follow him close without delay but the Kentish men though oft'n call'd upon lagging behind the Danish Army prevented them and join'd Battel with the King where Duke Siguls and Earl Sigelm with many other of the Nobles were slain on the Danes part Eoric thir King and Ethelwald the Author of this War with others of high note and of them greater number but with great ruin on both sides yet the Danes kept in thir power the burying of thir slain What ever follow'd upon this conflict which we read not the King two years after An. Dom. 907 with the Danes both of East-Angles and Northumberland concluded peace which continu'd three years by whomsoever brok'n for at the end thereof An. Dom. 910 King Edward raising great Forces out of West-Sex and Mercia sent them against the Danes beyond Humber where staying five weeks they made great spoil and slaughter The King offer'd them terms of peace but they rejecting all enterd with the next year into Mercia rendring no less hostility An. Dom. 911 then they had suffer'd but at Tetnal in Staffordshire saith Florent were by the English in a set Battel overthrown King Edward then in Kent had got together of Ships about a hunderd Sail others gon Southward came back and met him The Danes now supposing that his main Forces were upon the Sea took liberty to rove and plunder up and down as hope of prey led them beyond Severn The King guessing what might imbold'n them sent before him the lightest of his Army to entertain them Then following with the rest set upon them in thir return over Cantbrig in Glostershire and slew many thousands among whom Ecwils Hafden and Hinguar thir Kings and many other harsh names in Huntingdon the place also of this fight is variously writt'n by Ethelwerd and Florent call'd Wodensfeild The year following Ethred Duke of Mercia to whom An. Dom. 912 Alfred had giv'n London with his daughter in marriage now dying King Edward resum'd that City and Oxford with the Countries adjoining into his own hands and the year after built or much repair'd An. Dom. 913 by his Souldiers the Town of Hertford on either side Lee and leaving a sufficient number at the work march'd about middle Summer with the other part of his Forces into Essex and encamp'd at Maldon while his Souldiers built Witham where a good part of the Country subject formerly to the Danes yeilded themselves to his protection Fowr years An. Dom. 917 after Florent allows but one year the Danes from Leister and Northampton falling into Oxfordshire committed much rapine and in some Towns therof great slaughter while another party wasting Hertfordshire met with other Fortune for the Country-people inur'd now to such kind of incursions joining stoutly together fell upon the spoilers recover'd thir own goods with some booty from thir Enemies About the same time Elfled the Kings Sister sent her Army of Mercians into Wales who routed the Welch took the Castle of Brienam-mere by Brecknock and brought away the Kings Wife of that Country with other Prisners Not long after she took Derby from the Danes and the Castle by a sharp assault But the year ensueing brought a new Fleet An. Dom. 918 of Danes to Lidwic in Devonshire under two Leaders Otter and Roald who sailing thence Westward about the lands end came up to the mouth of Severn there landing wasted the Welch Coast and Irchenfeild part of Herefordshire where they took Kuneleac a British Bishop for whose ransome King Edward gave forty pound but the men of Hereford and Glostershire assembling put them to flight slaying Roald and the Brother of Otter with many more persu'd them to a Wood and there beset compel'd them to give hostages of present departure The King with his Army sat not far off securing from the South of Severn to Avon so that op'nly they durst not by night they twice ventur'd to land but found such welcome that few of them came back the rest anchord by a small Iland where many of them famish'd then sailing to a place call'd Deomed they cross'd into Ireland The King with his Army went to Buckingham staid there a moneth and built two Castles or Forts on either Bank of Ouse ere his departing and Turkitel a Danish Leader with those of Bedford and Northampton yeilded him subjection Wherupon the next year he came with An. Dom. 919 his Army to the Town of Bedford took possession therof staid there a month and gave order to build another part of the Town on the South-side of Ouse Thence the year following went again to An. Dom. 920 Maldon repair'd and fortifi'd the Town Turkitel the Dane having small hope to thrive heer where things with such prudence were mannag'd against his interess got leave of the King with as many voluntaries as would follow him to pass into France Early the next year King Edward re-edifi'd Tovechester An. Dom. 921 now Torchester and another City in the Annals call'd Wigingmere Mean while the Danes of Leister and Northampton-shire not likeing perhaps to be neighbour'd with Strong Towns laid Seige to Torchester but they within repelling the assault one whole day till supplies came quitted the Seige by night and persu'd close by the beseig'd between Birnwud and Ailsbury were surpris'd many of them made Prisners and much of thir bagage lost Other of the Danes at Huntingdon aided from the East-Angles finding that Castle not commodious left it
sent against him brings the Welsh to submission p. 293. lurking about the Country he is taken and slain by Griffin Prince of North-Wales ibid. Guendolen the Daughter of Corineus is married to Locrine the Son of Brutus p. 14. being divorc't by him gives him Battel wherein he is slain p. 15. causeth Estrildis whom Locrine had married to be thrown into a River with her Daughter Sabra p. 15. governs 15 years in behalf of her Son Madan ibid. Gueniver the Wife of Melval a British King kept from King Arthur in the Town of Glaston p. 126. Guiderius said to have been the Son of Cunobeline and slain in a Battel against Claudius p. 54. Guitheline succeeds his Father Gurguntius Barbirus in the Kingdom Gunhildis the Sister of Swane with her Husband Earl Palingus and her young Son cruelly murther'd p. 150. Guorangonus a King of Kent before it was given to the Saxons p. 113. Guortigner the Son of Vortiger bends his endeavours to drive out the Saxons p. 113. his success against them in several Battels p. 415. dying he commands his bones to be buried in the Port of Stonar ibid. Gurguntius Barbirus succeeds Belinus in the Kingdom overcomes the Dane and gives incouragement to Bartholinus a Spaniard to settle a plantation in Ireland p. 24. another ancient British King nam'd Gurguntius p. 28. Gurgustius succeeds Rivallo in the Kingdom p. 21. Gyrtha Son of Earl Godwin accompanies his Father into Flanders together with his Brothers Tosti and Swane p. 286. his noble advice to his Brother Harold as he was ready to give Battel to Duke William of Normandy p. 304. he is slain in the said Battel with his Brothers Harold and Leofwin p. 305. Gythro or Gothrun a Danish King baptiz'd and receiv'd out of the Font by King Alfred p. 207. the Kingdom of the East-Angles said to be bestow'd on him to hold of the said Alfred ibid. H. HArdecnute the Son of Canute by Emma call'd over from Bruges and receiv'd King with general acclamation p. 276. he calls Godwin and others to account about the death of Elfred p. 277. enrag'd at the Citizens of Worcester for killing his Tax-gatherers he sends an Army against them and burns the City p. 277 278. he kindly receives and entertains his half Brother Edward p. 278. eating and drinking hard at a great Feast he falls down speechless and soon after expiring is buried at Winchester ibid. Harold sirnamed Harefoot the Son of Canute elected King by Duke Leofric and the Mercians p. 273. he banishes his Mother-in-Law Emma p. 274. his perfidiousness and cruelty towards Elfred the Son of Ethelred p. 274. 276. he dies and is buried at Winchester p. 276. Harold Son of Godwin made Earl of Kent and sent against Prince Griffin of Wales p. 292. he reduces him at last to utmost extremity p. 293. being cast upon the Coast of Normandy and brought to Duke William he promises his endeavours to make him King of England p. 295 296. he takes the Crown himself p. 299. puts off Duke William demanding it with a slighting answer p. 300 301. is invaded by his Brother Tosti p. 300. by Harold Harvager King of Norwey whom he utterly overthrows and slays together with Tosti p. 301 302. is invaded by Duke William of Normandy p. 303. is over-thrown at the Battel of Hastings and slain together with his two Brothers Leofwin and Gyrtha p. 305. Helvius Pertinax succeeds Ulpius Marcellus in the Government of Britain p. 81. Hengist and Horsa with an Army of Saxons Jutes and Angles lands in the Isle of Thanet p. 111 112. Hengist invites over more of his Country-men p. 112. he gains advantages of Vortimer by marrying his Daughter to him p. 113. he takes on him Kingly Title p. 116. his several Battels against the Britans ibid. his treacherous slaughter of 300 British Grandees under pretence of Treaty p. 117. his death p. 119. Henninus Duke of Cornwall hath Regan the Daughter of King Leir given him in Marriage p. 18. Herebert a Saxon Earl slain with most part of his Army by the Danes at a place call'd Mereswar p. 193. Hinguar and Hubba two Danish Brethren how they got footing by degrees in England p. 199 200. Histion said to be descended of Japhet and to have had four Sons who peopled the greatest part of Europe p. 5. Honorius the Emperour sends aid twice to the Britans against their Northern Invaders p. 101. Horsa the Brother of Hengist slain in the Saxons War against the Britans p. 115 116. his Burial-place gave name to Horsted a Town in Kent p. 116. Humbeanna and Albert said by some to have shar'd the Kingdom of East-Angles after one Elfwald p. 187. I. JAgo or Lago succeeds his Vncle Gurgustius in the Kingdom p. 21. Icenians and by their example the Trinobantes rise up in Arms against the Romans p. 63. Ida the Saxon begins the Kingdom of Bernicia in Northumberland p. 126 127. Idwallo learns by his Brother 's ill success to rule well p. 27. Immanuentius slain by Cassibelan p. 46. Immin Eaba and Eadbert Noblemen of Mercia throw off Oswi and set up Wulfer p. 161. Ina succeeds Kedwalla in the Kingdom of the West-Saxons p. 168. he marches into Kent to demand satisfaction for the burning of Mollo ibid. is pacified by Victred with a sum of money and the delivering up of the Accessories ibid. vanquishes Gerent King of Wales p. 170. stays Kenwulf and Albright and vanquishes the East-Angles p. 171. ends his days at Rome ibid. Inniaunus depos'd for his ill courses p. 27. Joseph of Arimathaea said to have first preacht the Christian Faith in this Island p. 80. Jovinus sent Deputy into this Island by the Emperour Valentinian p. 91. Iric a Dane made Earl of Northumberland by Canute in place of Uthred slain p. 261. 268. he is said by some to have made War against Malcolm King of Scots p. 269. his greatness suspected by Canute he is banisht the Realm ibid. Julius Agricola the Emperours Lieutenant in Britain almost extirpates the Ordovices p. 69. finishes the Conquest of the Isle of Mona p. 69. his justice and prudence in Government p. 70. he brings the Britans to Civility Arts and an Imitation of the Roman fashions p. 71. he receives triumphal Honours from Titus p. 71 72. he extends his Conquests to Scotland subdues the Orcades and other Scotch Islands p. 72. he is hard put to it in several Conflicts but comes off victorious p. 74 75 c. he is commanded home by Domitian p. 77. Julius Caesar hath Intelligence that the Britans are aiding to his Enemies the Gauls p. 33. he sends Caius Volusenus to make discovery of the nature of the people and strength of the Country p. 34. after him Comius of Arras to make a party among the Britans p. 35. the stout resistance he meets with from them at his landing p. 36 37. he receives terms of peace from them p. 38. he loses a great part of his Fleet ibid. defeats the Britans and