on_o the_o pilaster_n be_v true_a be_v the_o work_n of_o phidias_n and_o praxiteles_n 3._o praxiteles_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o this_o hill_n be_v add_v to_o the_o city_n by_o numa_n 2._o numa_n diony_n halicarn_n lib._n 2._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v mons_fw-la esquilinus_n and_o mons_fw-la viminalis_fw-la to_o the_o south_n the_o forum_n of_o caesar_n and_o nerva_n to_o the_o west_n the_o level_a part_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o north_n collis_n hortulorum_fw-la and_o the_o campus_n martius_n 3._o martius_n fabricis_fw-la roma_fw-la cap._n 3._o in_o compass_v almost_o three_o mile_n 1._o mile_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la coelius_n owe_v its_o name_n to_o coelius_n or_o coele_n a_o famous_a tuscan_a general_n who_o pitch_v his_o tent_n here_o when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o assistance_n of_o romulus_n against_o the_o sabine_n 4._o sabine_n varro_n de_fw-fr ling._n lat._n lib._n 4._o livy_n 30._o livy_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 30._o and_o dionysius_n 3._o dionysius_n lib._n 3._o attribute_v the_o take_n of_o it_o in_o to_z tullus_z hostilius_n but_o strabo_n 5._o strabo_n geograph_n lib._n 5._o to_o ancus_n martius_n the_o other_o name_n by_o which_o it_o be_v sometime_o know_v be_v querculanus_n or_o quercetulanus_n and_o augustus_n the_o first_o occasion_v by_o the_o abundance_n of_o oak_n grow_v there_o the_o other_o impose_v by_o the_o emperor_n tiberius_n when_o he_o have_v raise_v new_a building_n upon_o it_o after_o a_o fire_n 48._o fire_n tacit._n ann._n 4._o suet._n in_o tib._n cap._n 48._o one_o part_n of_o this_o hill_n be_v call_v coeliolus_n and_o minor_a coelius_n 3._o coelius_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o city-wall_n to_o the_o south_n mons_fw-la aventinus_n to_o the_o west_n mons_fw-la palatinus_n to_o the_o north_n mons_fw-la esquilinus_n ibid._n esquilinus_n ibid._n in_o compass_n about_o two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a 1._o half_a marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la esquilinus_n be_v ancient_o call_v cispius_n and_o opius_n 3._o opius_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o the_o name_n of_o esquilinus_n be_v vary_v for_o the_o easy_a pronounciation_n from_o exquilinus_n a_o corruption_n of_o excubinus_n ab_fw-la excubiis_fw-la from_o the_o watch_n that_o romulus_n keep_v here_o 8._o here_o vid._n propert._n lib._n 2._o eleg._n 8._o it_o be_v take_v in_o by_o servius_n tullius_n 44._o tullius_n liv._o lib._n 1._o cap._n 44._o who_o have_v here_o his_o royal_a seat_n ibid._n seat_n ibid._n varro_z will_v have_v the_o esquiliae_n to_o be_v proper_o two_o mountain_n 4._o mountain_n de_fw-fr ling._n latin_n lib._n 4._o which_o opinion_n have_v be_v since_o approve_v of_o by_o a_o curious_a observer_n 1._o observer_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o city_n wall_n to_o the_o south_n the_o via_fw-la labicana_n to_o the_o west_n the_o valley_n lie_v between_o mons_fw-la coelius_n and_o mons_fw-la palatinus_n to_o the_o north_n collis_n viminalis_fw-la 3._o viminalis_fw-la fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_n about_o four_o mile_n 1._o mile_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la viminalis_fw-la derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o vimina_fw-la the_o vimina_fw-la osier_n that_o grow_v there_o in_o great_a plenty_n this_o hill_n be_v take_v in_o by_o servius_n tullius_n 4._o tullius_n diony_n lib._n 4._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o campus_n esquilinus_n and_o to_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o suburra_n and_o the_o forum_n to_o the_o west_n mons_fw-la quirinalis_n to_o the_o north_n the_o vallis_n quirinalis_n 3._o quirinalis_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_n two_o miles_n and_o a_o half_a 1._o half_a marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o the_o name_n of_o mons_fw-la aventinus_n have_v give_v great_a cause_n of_o dispute_n among_o the_o critic_n some_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o aventinus_n a_o alban_n king_n 4._o king_n varro_n de_fw-fr ling._n lat._n lib._n 4._o some_o from_o the_o river_n aven_n ibid._n aven_n ibid._n and_o other_o ab_fw-la avibus_fw-la from_o the_o bird_n which_o use_v to_o fly_v hither_o in_o great_a flock_n from_o the_o tiber_n ibid._n tiber_n ibid._n it_o be_v call_v too_o murcius_n from_o murcia_n the_o goddess_n of_o sleep_n who_o have_v here_o a_o sacellum_fw-la or_o little_a temple_n festus_n temple_n sext._n pomp._n festus_n collis_n dianae_n from_o the_o temple_n of_o diana_n martial_a diana_n martial_a and_o remonius_a from_o remus_n who_o will_v have_v have_v the_o city_n begin_v in_o this_o place_n and_o be_v here_o bury_v romal_n bury_v plutarch_n in_o romal_n a._n gellius_n affirm_v 14._o affirm_v lib._n 13._o cap._n 14._o that_o this_o hill_n be_v all_o along_o repute_v sacred_a be_v never_o enclose_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o city_n till_o the_o time_n of_o claudius_n but_o eutropius_n 1._o eutropius_n lib._n 1._o express_o attribute_n the_o take_n of_o it_o in_o to_o ancus_n maritius_n and_o a_o old_a epigram_n insert_v by_o caspinian_n in_o his_o comment_n on_o cassiodorus_n confirm_v the_o same_o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o city_n wall_n to_o the_o south_n the_o campus_n figulinus_n to_o the_o west_n the_o tiber_n to_o the_o north_n mons_fw-la palatinus_n 3._o palatinus_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o circuit_n eighteen_o stadia_fw-la or_o two_o mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n 1._o quarter_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap_n 1._o beside_o these_o seven_o principal_a hill_n three_o other_o of_o inferior_a note_n be_v take_v in_o in_o late_a time_n collis_n hortulorum_fw-la or_o hortorum_fw-la have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o famous_a garden_n of_o sallust_n adjoin_v to_o it_o 11._o it_o rosin_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 11._o it_o be_v afterward_o call_v pincius_n from_o the_o pincii_n a_o noble_a family_n who_o have_v here_o their_o seat_n ibid._n seat_n ibid._n the_o emperor_n aurelian_a first_o enclose_v it_o within_o the_o city_n wall_n ibid._n wall_n ibid._n to_o the_o east_n and_o south_n it_o have_v the_o plain_a part_n of_o mons_fw-la quirinalis_n to_o the_o west_n the_o vallis_n martia_n to_o the_o north_n the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n 3._o city_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_n about_o eighteen_o stadia_fw-la 1._o stadia_fw-la marlian_a lib_n 1._o câ—p_n 1._o janiculum_n or_o janicularis_fw-la be_v so_o call_v either_o from_o a_o old_a town_n of_o the_o same_o name_n say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o janus_n or_o because_o janus_n dwell_v and_o be_v bury_v here_o 11._o here_o rosin_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 11._o or_o because_o it_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o janua_n of_o janua_n gate_n to_o the_o roman_n whence_o they_o issue_v out_o upon_o the_o tuscan_n festus_n tuscan_n festus_n the_o sparkle_v sand_n have_v at_o present_a give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o mons_fw-la aureus_fw-la and_o by_o corruption_n montorius_n 3._o montorius_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o we_o may_v make_v two_o observation_n about_o this_o hill_n from_o one_o epigram_n of_o martial_a that_o it_o be_v the_o fit_a place_n to_o take_v once_o stand_v for_o a_o full_a prospect_n of_o the_o city_n and_o that_o it_o be_v less_o inhabit_v than_o the_o other_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o grossness_n of_o the_o air_n 64._o air_n marlial_a epig._n lib._n 4._o ep._n 64._o it_o be_v still_o famous_a for_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o numa_n and_o statius_n the_o poet_n 3._o poet_n fabricii_n rom._n lib_n 1._o cap._n 3._o to_o the_o east_n and_o south_n it_o have_v the_o tiber_n to_o the_o west_n the_o field_n to_o the_o north_n the_o vatican_n ibid._n vatican_n ibid._n in_o circuit_n as_o much_o of_o it_o as_o stand_v within_o the_o city_n wall_n five_o stadia_fw-la 1._o stadia_fw-la marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la vaticanus_n owe_v its_o name_n to_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o vates_fw-la or_o prophet_n that_o use_v to_o be_v give_v here_o or_o from_o the_o god_n vaticanus_n or_o vagitanus_n 〈◊〉_d vagitanus_n 〈◊〉_d it_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v enclose_v within_o the_o wall_n till_o the_o time_n of_o aurelian_a this_o hill_n be_v former_o famous_a for_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o scipio_n africanus_n some_o remain_v of_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v 2._o see_v warcup_n hist_n of_o italy_n book_n 2._o but_o it_o be_v more_o celebrate_v at_o present_a on_o the_o account_n of_o st._n peter_n church_n the_o pope_n palace_n and_o the_o noble_a library_n in_o the_o world_n to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o campus_n vatioanus_n and_o the_o river_n to_o the_o south_n the_o janiculum_n to_o the_o west_n the_o campus_n figulinus_n or_o potter_n field_n to_o the_o north_n the_o prata_n quintia_n 3._o quintia_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o it_o lie_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o bow_n draw_v up_o very_o high_a the_o convex_a part_n stretch_v almost_o a_o mile_n 1._o mile_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o as_o to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n the_o great_a we_o meet_v with_o in_o history_n be_v in_o the_o
the_o command_n of_o the_o continent_n can_v not_o satisfy_v the_o roman_a courage_n especial_o while_o they_o see_v so_o delicious_a a_o isle_n as_o sicily_n almost_o within_o their_o reach_n they_o only_o wait_v a_o occasion_n to_o pass_v the_o sea_n when_o fortune_n present_v as_o fair_a a_o one_o as_o they_o can_v wish_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o messina_n a_o sicilian_a city_n make_v grievous_a complaint_n to_o the_o senate_n of_o the_o daily_a encroachment_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n a_o people_n of_o vast_a wealth_n and_o power_n and_o that_o have_v the_o same_o design_n on_o sicily_n as_o the_o roman_n 2._o roman_n florus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 2._o a_o fleet_n be_v soon_o man_v out_o to_o their_o assistance_n and_o in_o two_o year_n time_n no_o less_o than_o fifty_o city_n be_v bring_v over_o 2._o over_o eutrop._n lib._n 2._o the_o entire_a conquest_n of_o the_o island_n quick_o follow_v and_o sardinia_n and_o corfica_n be_v take_v in_o about_o the_o same_o time_n by_o a_o separate_a squadron_n and_o now_o under_o the_o command_n of_o regulus_n and_o manlius_n the_o consul_n the_o war_n be_v translate_v into_o africa_n three_o hundred_o fort_n and_o castle_n be_v destroy_v in_o their_o march_n and_o the_o victorious_a legion_n encamp_v under_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o carthage_n the_o enemy_n reduce_v to_o such_o strait_n be_v oblige_v to_o apply_v themselves_o to_o xantippus_n king_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n the_o great_a captain_n of_o the_o age_n who_o immediate_o march_v to_o their_o assistance_n with_o a_o numerous_a and_o well-disciplined_a army_n in_o the_o very_a first_o engagement_n with_o the_o roman_n he_o entire_o defeat_v their_o whole_a power_n thirty_o thousand_o be_v kill_v on_o the_o spot_n and_o fifteen_o thousand_o with_o the_o consul_n regulus_n take_v prisoner_n but_o as_o good_a success_n always_o encourage_v the_o roman_n to_o great_a design_n so_o a_o contrary_a event_n do_v but_o exasperate_v they_o the_o more_o the_o new_a consul_n be_v immediate_o dispatch_v with_o a_o powerful_a navy_n and_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o land-force_n several_a campaignes_n be_v now_o waste_v without_o any_o considerable_a advantage_n on_o either_o side_n or_o if_o the_o roman_n gain_v any_o thing_n by_o their_o victory_n they_o general_o lose_v as_o much_o by_o shipwreck_n when_o at_o last_o the_o whole_a power_n of_o both_o state_n be_v draw_v together_o on_o the_o sea_n the_o carthaginian_n be_v final_o defeat_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o 125_o ship_n sink_v in_o the_o engagement_n 73_o taken_z 32000_o man_n kill_v and_o 13000_o prisoner_n upon_o this_o they_o be_v compel_v to_o sue_v for_o a_o peace_n which_o after_o much_o entreaty_n and_o upon_o very_o hard_a condition_n be_v at_o last_o obtain_v 2._o obtain_v eutrop._n lib._n 2._o but_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v too_o great_a spirit_n to_o submit_v to_o such_o terrible_a term_n any_o long_a than_o their_o necessity_n oblige_v they_o in_o four_o year_n time_n 6._o time_n florus_n lib._n 2._o c._n 6._o they_o have_v get_v together_o a_o army_n of_o 150000_o foot_n and_o 20000_o horse_n 3._o horse_n eutrop._n lib._n 3._o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o famous_a hannibal_n who_o force_v a_o way_n through_o the_o pyrenâ—ean_a mountain_n and_o the_o alps_n repute_v till_o that_o time_n impassable_a descend_v with_o his_o vast_a army_n into_o italy_n in_o four_o successive_a battle_n he_o defeat_v the_o roman_a force_n in_o the_o last_o of_o which_o at_o cannae_n 40000_o of_o the_o latter_a be_v kill_v ibid._n kill_v ibid._n and_o have_v he_o not_o be_v mere_o cast_v away_o by_o the_o envy_n and_o ill-will_a of_o his_o own_o countryman_n it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o he_o must_v have_v entire_o ruin_v the_o roman_a state_n hannibal_n state_n cornelius_n nepos_n in_o vit_fw-mi hannibal_n but_o supply_v of_o man_n and_o money_n be_v sometime_o absolute_o deny_v he_o and_o never_o come_v but_o very_o slow_o the_o roman_n have_v such_o opportunity_n to_o recruit_v as_o they_o little_o expect_v from_o so_o experience_v a_o adversary_n the_o wise_a management_n of_o fabius_n maximus_n be_v the_o first_o revival_n of_o the_o roman_a cause_n he_o know_v very_o well_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o march_v against_o he_o without_o intend_v to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n but_o to_o wait_v constant_o upon_o he_o to_o straiten_v his_o quarter_n intercept_v his_o provision_n and_o so_o make_v the_o victorious_a army_n pine_v away_o with_o penury_n and_o want_n with_o this_o design_n he_o always_o encamp_v upon_o the_o high_a hill_n where_o the_o horse_n can_v have_v no_o access_n to_o he_o when_o they_o march_v he_o do_v the_o same_o but_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n as_o not_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o a_o engagement_n by_o this_o policy_n he_o so_o break_v hannibal_n army_n as_o to_o make_v he_o absolute_o despair_v of_o get_v any_o thing_n in_o italy_n max._n italy_n flutarch_n in_o vit_fw-mi fab._n max._n but_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o war_n be_v owe_v to_o the_o conduct_n of_o scipio_n he_o have_v before_o reduce_v all_o spain_n into_o subjection_n and_o now_o take_v the_o same_o course_n as_o hannibal_n at_o first_o have_v do_v he_o march_v with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a force_n into_o africa_n and_o carry_v all_o before_o he_o to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o carthage_n oblige_v the_o enemy_n to_o call_v home_o their_o general_n out_o of_o italy_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o city_n hannibal_n obey_v and_o both_o army_n come_v to_o a_o engagement_n after_o a_o long_a dispute_n wherein_o the_o commander_n and_o soldier_n of_o both_o side_n be_v report_v to_o have_v outdo_v themselves_o the_o victory_n fall_v to_o the_o roman_n whereupon_o the_o enemy_n be_v oblige_v once_o more_o to_o suâ—â—_n for_o a_o peace_n which_o be_v again_o grant_v they_o though_o upon_o much_o hard_a condition_n than_o before_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o happy_a conclusion_n of_o this_o war_n have_v so_o high_o advance_v themselves_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o neighbour_a state_n that_o the_o athenian_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o greece_n be_v at_o this_o time_n miserable_o enslave_v by_o king_n philip_n of_o macedon_n unanimous_o petition_v the_o senate_n for_o assistance_n a_o fleet_n with_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o land-force_n be_v present_o dispatch_v to_o their_o relief_n by_o who_o valour_n the_o tyrant_n after_o several_a defeat_n be_v compel_v to_o restore_v all_o greece_n to_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n oblige_v himself_o to_o pay_v a_o annual_a tribute_n to_o the_o conqueror_n 4._o conqueror_n eutrop._n lib._n 4._o hannibal_n after_o his_o late_a defeat_n have_v apply_v himself_o to_o antiochus_n king_n of_o syria_n who_o at_o this_o time_n be_v make_v great_a preparation_n against_o the_o roman_n acilius_n glabrio_n be_v first_o send_v to_o oppose_v he_o and_o have_v the_o fortune_n to_o give_v he_o several_a defeat_n when_o cornelius_n scipio_n the_o roman_a admiral_n engage_v with_o the_o king_n force_n at_o sea_n under_o the_o command_n of_o hannibal_n entire_o ruin_v the_o whole_a fleet._n which_o victory_n be_v immediate_o follow_v by_o another_o as_o signal_n at_o land_n the_o effeminate_a prince_n be_v content_v to_o purchase_v a_o peace_n at_o the_o price_n of_o almost_o half_o his_o kingdom_n 8._o kingdom_n florus_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 8._o the_o victorious_a roman_n have_v scarce_o conclude_v the_o public_a rejoice_n on_o account_n of_o the_o late_a success_n when_o the_o death_n of_o king_n philip_n of_o macedon_n present_v they_o with_o a_o occasion_n of_o a_o more_o glorious_a triumph_n his_o son_n perseus_n that_o succeed_v resolve_v to_o break_v with_o the_o senate_n apply_v himself_o whole_o to_o raise_v force_n and_o procure_v other_o necessary_n for_o a_o war._n never_o be_v great_a appearance_n in_o the_o field_n than_o on_o both_o side_n most_o of_o the_o considerable_a prince_n in_o the_o world_n be_v engage_v in_o the_o quarrel_n but_o fortune_n still_o declare_v for_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o perseus_n prodigious_a army_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o consul_n aemylius_fw-la and_o the_o king_n oblige_v to_o surrender_v himself_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o conqueror_n 1._o conqueror_n vell._n paterc_n lib._n 1._o author_n that_o write_v of_o the_o four_o monarchy_n here_o fix_v the_o end_n of_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n but_o rome_n can_v not_o think_v herself_o secure_a among_o all_o these_o conquest_n while_o her_o old_a rival_n carthage_n be_v yet_o stand_v so_o that_o upon_o a_o slight_a provocation_n the_o city_n after_o three_o year_n siege_n be_v take_v and_o utter_o raze_v by_o the_o valour_n of_o publius_n scipio_n grandson_n by_o adoption_n to_o he_o that_o conquer_v hannibal_n ibid._n hannibal_n ibid._n not_o long_o after_o attalus_n king_n of_o pergamus_n die_v without_o issue_n leave_v his_o vast_a territory_n
valentinian_n soon_o after_o compel_v his_o widow_n eudoxia_n to_o accept_v of_o he_o as_o a_o husband_n when_o the_o empress_n entertain_v a_o mortaâ—_n hatred_n for_o he_o on_o many_o account_n send_v to_o genseric_n a_o famous_a king_n of_o the_o vandal_n and_o a_o confederate_a of_o the_o late_a emperor_n desire_v his_o assistance_n for_o the_o deliverance_n of_o herself_o and_o the_o city_n from_o the_o usurpation_n of_o the_o tyrant_n genseric_n easy_o obey_v and_o land_v with_o a_o prodigious_a army_n in_o italy_n enter_v rome_n without_o any_o opposition_n where_o contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n he_o seize_v on_o all_o the_o wealth_n and_o carry_v it_o with_o several_z thousand_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n into_o africa_n 7._o africa_n paul_n diacoâ—_n &_o evagrius_n hist_n eccles_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 7._o avitus_n the_o general_n in_o gaul_n be_v the_o next_o that_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n of_o emperor_n which_o he_o resign_v within_o eight_o month_n ibid._n month_n â—d_a ibid._n majorianus_n succeed_v and_o after_o three_o year_n leave_v the_o honour_n to_o severus_n or_o severian_n who_o have_v the_o happiness_n after_o four_o year_n reign_v to_o die_v a_o natural_a death_n 16._o death_n paul_n diacon_n lib._n 16._o after_o he_o anthemius_n be_v elect_v emperor_n who_o lose_v his_o life_n and_o dignity_n in_o a_o rebellion_n of_o his_o son-in-law_n ricimer_n ibid._n ricimer_n ibid._n and_o then_o olybrius_n be_v send_v from_o constantinople_n too_o with_o the_o same_o authority_n but_o die_v within_o seven_o month_n ibid._n month_n ibid._n liarius_n or_o glycerius_n who_o have_v be_v elect_v in_o his_o room_n by_o the_o soldier_n be_v immediate_o almost_o depose_v by_o nepos_n and_o he_o himself_o quick_o after_o by_o orestes_n success_n orestes_n jâ—â—â—andes_fw-fr de_fw-fr regn_n success_n who_o make_v his_o son_n augustus_n or_o augustulus_n emperor_n and_o now_o odoacer_n king_n of_o the_o heruli_n with_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n ravage_v all_o italy_n approach_v to_o rome_n and_o enter_v the_o city_n without_o any_o resistance_n and_o depose_v augustulus_n fecure_v the_o imperial_a dignity_n to_o himself_o and_o though_o he_o be_v force_v afterward_o to_o give_v place_n to_o theodoric_n the_o goth_n yet_o the_o roman_n have_v never_o after_o the_o least_o command_n in_o italy_n roma_fw-it antiqua_fw-la 1._o t._n jovis_n capitolinus_n 2._o t._n vestae_fw-la 3._o t._n pacis_fw-la 4._o t._n romae_fw-la 5._o t._n faustinae_n 6._o t._n saturni_n 7._o t._n jovis_fw-la statoris_fw-la 8._o ar._n sâ—â—â—ri_fw-la boarij_fw-la 9_o seâ—â—â—â—â—nâ—â—i_fw-la sâ—uâ—ri_fw-la 10._o insula_fw-la tiberina_n oâ—im_fw-la jovis_fw-la iâ—caonij_fw-la 11._o t._n fortunae_n virilis_n 12._o p._n portumni_fw-la 13._o alâ—ta_fw-la sudans_fw-la 14._o arcus_n domiâ—iani_n 15._o arcus_n gordiani_n 16._o aâ—marci_n â—t_z very_fw-la 17._o there_o alaâ—â—â—â—_n 18._o thou_z neâ—â—â—â—â—_n 19_o toriâ—_n at_o t._n 〈◊〉_d 20._o curia_fw-la hoâ—â—â—_n 21._o basilica_n alâ—â—â—_n 22._o basil_n aâ—â—â—â—â—_n 23._o pons_n jaâ—â—â—â—â—_n 24._o pons_n palâ—â—â—_n 25._o basil_n augâ—â—â—_n 26._o t._n nâ—rt_n 〈◊〉_d 27._o basil_n al._n sâ—â—â—_n 28._o pal._n august_n part_n 2._o book_n i._o of_o the_o city_n chap._n 1._o of_o the_o pomoerium_fw-la and_o of_o the_o form_n and_o bigness_n of_o the_o city_n according_a to_o the_o seven_o hill_n before_o we_o come_v to_o please_v ourselves_o with_o a_o particular_a view_n of_o the_o city_n we_o must_v by_o all_o mean_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o pomoerium_fw-la for_o the_o singularity_n to_o which_o it_o owe_v its_o original_a livy_n define_v the_o pomoerium_fw-la in_o general_a to_o be_v that_o space_n of_o ground_n both_o within_o and_o without_o the_o wall_n which_o the_o augur_n at_o the_o first_o building_n of_o city_n solemn_o consecrate_v and_o on_o which_o no_o edifice_n be_v suffer_v to_o be_v raise_v 1._o raise_v livy_n lib._n 1._o but_o the_o account_n which_o plutarch_n give_v we_o of_o this_o matter_n in_o reference_n to_o rome_n itself_o be_v sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v our_o curiosity_n and_o be_v deliver_v by_o he_o to_o this_o purpose_n romulus_n have_v send_v for_o some_o of_o the_o tuscan_n to_o instruct_v he_o in_o the_o ceremony_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o his_o new_a city_n the_o work_n be_v begin_v in_o this_o manner_n first_o they_o dig_v a_o trench_n and_o throw_v into_o it_o the_o first-fruit_n of_o all_o thing_n either_o good_a by_o custom_n or_o necessary_a by_o nature_n and_o every_o man_n take_v a_o small_a turf_n of_o earth_n of_o the_o country_n from_o whence_o he_o come_v they_o all_o cast_v they_o in_o promiscuous_o together_o make_v this_o trench_n their_o centre_n they_o describe_v the_o city_n in_o a_o cirdâ—_n round_o it_o then_o the_o founder_n sit_v to_o a_o plough_n a_o brazen_a ploughshare_n and_o yoke_a together_o a_o bull_n and_o a_o cow_n draw_v a_o deâ—â—_n line_n or_o furrow_n round_o the_o bound_n those_o that_o follow_v after_o taâ—king_v care_n that_o all_o the_o clod_n fall_v inward_o towards_o the_o city_n theâ—â—_n build_v the_o wall_n upon_o this_o line_n which_o they_o call_v pomoerium_fw-la froâ—â—_n ponâ—_n moenia_fw-la romul_n moenia_fw-la plutatch_n in_o romul_n it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o the_o same_o ceremony_n with_o which_o thâ—_n foundation_n of_o their_o city_n be_v at_o first_o lay_v they_o use_v too_o in_o destroy_v and_o rase_v place_n take_v from_o the_o enemy_n which_o we_o finâ—_n be_v begin_v by_o the_o chief_a commander_n turn_v up_o some_o of_o thâ—â—_n wall_n with_o a_o plough_n 3._o plough_n dempster_n paralipom_n to_o rosin_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o as_o to_o the_o form_n and_o bigness_n of_o the_o city_n we_o must_v follow_v thâ—â—_n common_a direction_n of_o the_o seven_o hill_n whence_o come_v the_o phrase_n of_o vrbs_fw-la septicollis_fw-la and_o the_o like_a so_o frequent_a with_o the_o poet_n of_o these_o mons_fw-la palatinus_n have_v ever_o have_v the_o preference_n whether_o so_o call_v from_o the_o people_n palantes_fw-la or_o palatini_n or_o from_o thâ—_n bleat_v and_o stroll_a of_o cattle_n in_o latin_a balare_fw-la and_o palare_fw-la 〈◊〉_d from_o pale_n the_o pastoral_a goddess_n or_o from_o the_o burying-place_n 〈◊〉_d pallas_n we_o find_v dispute_v and_o undetermined_a among_o their_o author_n it_o be_v in_o this_o place_n that_o romulus_n lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o cinâ—â—_n in_o a_o quadrangular_a form_n and_o here_o the_o same_o king_n and_o tullâ—â—_n hostilius_n keep_v their_o court_n as_o do_v afterward_o augustus_n and_o aâ—â—_n the_o succeed_a emperor_n on_o which_o account_n the_o word_n palatium_n come_v to_o signify_v a_o royal_a seat_n 4._o seat_n râ—sin_n antiq._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 4._o this_o hill_n to_o the_o east_n have_v mons_fw-la coelius_n to_o the_o south_n mons_fw-la avertinus_n to_o the_o west_n mons_fw-la capitolinus_n to_o the_o north_n the_o forum_n 3_o forum_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3_o in_o compass_v twelve_o hundred_o pace_n 1._o pace_n marlian_n topograph_n antiqâ—_n roma_fw-it lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la tarpeius_n take_v its_o name_n from_o tarpeia_n a_o roman_a virgin_n who_o betray_v the_o city_n to_o the_o sabine_n in_o this_o place_n remul_n place_n plutarch_n in_o remul_n it_o be_v call_v too_o mons_fw-la saturni_n and_o saturnius_n in_o honour_n of_o saturn_n who_o be_v report_v to_o have_v live_v here_o in_o his_o retirement_n and_o be_v ever_o repute_v the_o tutelar_a deity_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o city_n it_o have_v afterward_o the_o denomination_n of_o capitolinus_n from_o the_o head_n of_o a_o man_n casual_o find_v here_o in_o dig_v for_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o famous_a temple_n of_o jupiter_n 55._o jupiter_n liv._o lib._n 1._o cap._n 55._o callâ—d_fw-la capitolium_fw-la for_o the_o same_o reason_n this_o hill_n be_v add_v to_o the_o city_n by_o titus_n tatius_n king_n of_o the_o sabine_n when_o have_v be_v first_o overcome_v in_o the_o field_n by_o romulus_n he_o and_o his_o subject_n be_v permit_v to_o incorporate_v with_o the_o roman_n dionysâ—â—â—â—_n roman_n dionysâ—â—â—â—_n it_o have_v to_o the_o east_n mons_fw-la palatinus_n and_o the_o forum_n to_o the_o south_n the_o tiber_n to_o the_o west_n the_o level_a part_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o north_n collis_n quirinalis_n 3._o quirinalis_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_v seven_o stadia_fw-la or_o furlong_n 1._o furlong_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o collis_n quirinalis_n be_v so_o call_v either_o from_o the_o temple_n of_o quirinus_n another_o name_n of_o romulus_n or_o more_o probable_o from_o the_o curetes_n a_o people_n that_o remove_v hither_o with_o tatius_n from_o cure_n a_o sabine_a city_n festus_n city_n sext._n pomp._n festus_n it_o afterward_o change_v its_o name_n to_o caballus_fw-la mons_fw-la caballi_fw-la and_o caballinus_n from_o the_o two_o marble_n horse_n with_o each_o a_o servant_n to_o hold_v he_o by_o the_o bridle_n which_o be_v set_v up_o here_o they_o be_v still_o stand_v and_o if_o the_o inscription_n
the_o set_a time_n mark_v in_o the_o calendar_n for_o their_o observation_n feriae_fw-la conceptivae_fw-la be_v such_o as_o the_o magistrate_n or_o priest_n appoint_v annual_o to_o be_v celebrate_v upon_o what_o day_n they_o please_v feriae_fw-la imperativae_fw-la be_v such_o as_o the_o consul_n praetor_n or_o dictator_n institute_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o own_o authority_n and_o command_v to_o be_v observe_v upon_o solemn_a occasion_n as_o the_o gain_n of_o a_o victory_n and_o the_o like_a nundinae_fw-la be_v day_n set_v apart_o for_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o people_n out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o neighbour_a town_n to_o expose_v their_o commodity_n to_o sale_n the_o same_o as_o our_o great_a market_n or_o fair_n they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o nundinae_fw-la because_o they_o be_v keep_v every_o nine_o day_n as_o ovid_n inform_v we_o 54._o we_o fast_o 1._o v._n 54._o feriae_fw-la privatae_fw-la be_v holydays_o observe_v by_o particular_a person_n or_o family_n upon_o several_a account_n as_o birth-day_n funeral_n and_o the_o like_a thus_o much_o for_o the_o dies_fw-la festi_fw-la the_o profesti_fw-la be_v fasti_fw-la comitiales_n comperen_n dini_fw-la stati_fw-la and_o praeliares_n dies_fw-la fasti_fw-la be_v the_o same_o as_o our_o court-day_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o praetor_n to_o sit_v in_o judgement_n and_o consequent_o fari_fw-la tria_fw-la verba_fw-la to_o say_v the_o three_o solemn_a word_n do_v dico_fw-la addico_fw-la i_o give_v law_n declare_v right_o and_o adjudge_v loss_n all_o other_o day_n except_o the_o intercisi_fw-la be_v call_v nefasti_fw-la because_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o say_v those_o three_o word_n upon_o they_o but_o we_o may_v observe_v from_o a_o phrase_n of_o horace_n 13._o horace_n lib._n 2._o od._n 13._o that_o die_v nefastus_fw-la signify_v a_o unlucky_a day_n as_o well_o as_o a_o non-court-day_n die_v comitiales_n be_v such_o day_n as_o the_o comitia_fw-la or_o public_a assembly_n of_o the_o people_n be_v hold_v upon_o or_o as_o ovid_n style_v they_o quo_fw-la populum_fw-la jus_o est_fw-la includere_fw-la septis_fw-la 53._o septis_fw-la fast_o 1._o vers_fw-la 53._o days_n when_o the_o people_n be_v shut_v up_o to_o vote_n dies_fw-la comperendini_fw-la be_v day_n when_o person_n that_o have_v be_v sue_v may_v give_v bail_n dies_fw-la stati_fw-la be_v day_n appoint_v for_o the_o decision_n of_o any_o cause_n between_o a_o roman_a and_o a_o foreigner_n die_v praeliares_n be_v such_o day_n as_o they_o think_v it_o lawful_a to_o engage_v in_o any_o action_n of_o hostility_n upon_o if_o we_o make_v a_o division_n of_o the_o roman_a day_n into_o fortunaâ—â—_n and_o unfortunate_a dies_fw-la postriduani_fw-la or_o the_o next_o day_n after_o the_o kalend_n nones_n or_o ides_n be_v always_o reckon_v of_o the_o latter_a sort_n and_o therefore_o have_v the_o name_n of_o dies_fw-la atri_fw-la a._n gellius_n give_v we_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o observation_n from_o verrius_n flaccus_n because_o they_o have_v take_v notice_n for_o several_a age_n that_o those_o day_n have_v prove_v unlucky_a to_o the_o state_n in_o the_o loss_n of_o battle_n town_n and_o other_o casualty_n 17._o casualty_n noâ—t_fw-la attiâ—_n lib._n 5._o cap_n 17._o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o place_n that_o the_o day_n before_o the_o four_o of_o the_o kalend_n nones_n or_o ides_n be_v always_o reckon_v unfortunate_a but_o he_o do_v not_o know_v for_o what_o reason_n unless_o that_o he_o find_v the_o great_a overthrow_n at_o gannae_n to_o have_v happen_v on_o such_o a_o day_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o kalend_n nones_n and_o ides_n the_o way_n that_o the_o roman_n use_v to_o reckon_v the_o day_n of_o their_o month_n be_v by_o the_o kalend_n nones_n and_o ides_n romulus_n begin_v his_o month_n always_o upon_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o be_v follow_v in_o this_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o other_o account_n to_o avoid_v the_o alter_n of_o the_o immovable_a feast_n therefore_o every_o new_a moon_n one_o of_o the_o inferior_a priest_n use_v to_o assemble_v the_o people_n in_o the_o capitol_n and_o call_v over_o as_o many_o day_n as_o there_o be_v between_o that_o and_o the_o nones_n and_o so_o from_o the_o old_a word_n calo_n or_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o call_v the_o first_o of_o these_o day_n have_v the_o name_n of_o kalendae_fw-la but_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o this_o custom_n of_o call_v the_o day_n continue_v no_o long_o than_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 450_o when_o c._n flavius_n the_o curule_n aedile_z order_v the_o fasti_fw-la or_o calendar_n to_o be_v set_v up_o in_o public_a place_n that_o every_o body_n may_v know_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n and_o the_o return_n of_o the_o festival_n 46._o festival_n livy_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 46._o the_o nones_n be_v so_o call_v because_o they_o reckon_v nine_o day_n from_o they_o to_o the_o ides_n the_o ides_n be_v general_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o month_n and_o then_o we_o may_v derive_v the_o word_n from_o iduare_n a_o obsolete_a verb_n signify_v to_o divide_v the_o kalend_n be_v always_o fix_v to_o the_o first_o day_n of_o every_o month_n but_o the_o nones_n and_o the_o ides_n in_o four_o month_n be_v on_o different_a day_n than_o in_o the_o other_o eight_o for_o march_v may_n july_n and_o october_n have_v six_o nones_n apiece_o the_o other_o only_o four_n therefore_o in_o the_o first_o the_o nones_n be_v the_o seven_o and_o the_o ides_n the_o 15_o in_o the_o last_o the_o nones_n the_o 5_o and_o the_o ides_n the_o 13_o in_o reckon_v these_o they_o always_o go_v backward_o thus_o january_n 1._o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o january_n december_n 31._o prid._n kal._n jan._n december_n 30._o the_o three_o kal._n jan._n and_o so_o on_o to_o the_o 13_o and_o that_o be_v idus_fw-la decembris_fw-la then_o the_o 12._o prid._n iduum_fw-la decemb._n the_o 11_o 3_o iduum_fw-la decemb._n and_o so_o to_o the_o five_o day_n and_o that_o be_v nonae_fw-la decemb._n and_o then_o again_o the_o four_o prid._n nonarum_fw-la decemb._n the_o three_o 3_o non._n decemb._n the_o second_o 4_o non._n decem._n and_o the_o first_o kalendae_fw-la decemb._n we_o must_v observe_v that_o when_o we_o meet_v with_o kalendas_fw-la nonas_fw-la or_o idus_fw-la in_o the_o accusative_a case_n the_o preposition_n ante_fw-la be_v always_o understand_v as_o tertio_fw-la kalendas_fw-la idus_fw-la or_o nonas_fw-la be_v the_o same_o as_o tertio_fw-la die_fw-la ante_fw-la kal._n non._n or_o idus_fw-la chap._n xii_o the_o most_o remarkable_a festival_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o calendar_n the_o kalend_n or_o the_o first_o day_n of_o january_n be_v note_v for_o the_o enter_v of_o the_o magistrate_n on_o their_o office_n and_o for_o the_o wish_v of_o good_a fortune_n and_o send_v present_n to_o one_o another_o among_o friend_n etc._n friend_n ovid._n fast_o 1._o v._n 71_o etc._n etc._n february_n the_o 15_o or_o the_o 15_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o march_n be_v the_o feast_n of_o the_o lupercalia_n when_o the_o luperci_n make_v their_o wild_a procession_n etc._n procession_n ovid._n fast_o 2._o v._n 267_o etc._n etc._n which_o have_v be_v describe_v before_o february_n the_o 11_o or_o the_o 9th_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o march_n be_v the_o feralia_fw-la or_o feast_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o ghost_n when_o people_n carry_v some_o little_a sort_n of_o offer_v to_o the_o grave_n of_o their_o decease_a friend_n ovid_n give_v we_o so_o handsome_a a_o account_n of_o it_o that_o we_o must_v not_o pass_v he_o by_o est_fw-fr honour_n &_o tumulis_fw-la animas_fw-la placare_fw-la paternas_fw-la etc._n paternas_fw-la ibid._n five_o 5._o â—_o etc._n etc._n parvaque_fw-la in_o exstructas_fw-la munera_fw-la far_o pyras_fw-la parva_n petunt_fw-la manes_fw-la pietas_fw-la pro_fw-la divite_fw-la grata_fw-la est_fw-la munere_fw-la non_fw-la avidos_fw-la styx_n habet_fw-la ima_fw-la deos._n tegula_n porrectis_fw-la satis_fw-la est_fw-la velata_fw-la coronis_fw-la et_fw-la sparsae_fw-la fruges_fw-la parvaque_fw-la mica_fw-la salis_fw-la tomb_n have_v their_o honour_n too_o our_o parent_n crave_v some_o slender_a present_n to_o adorn_v their_o grave_n slender_z the_o present_n which_o the_o ghost_n we_o owe_v those_o power_n observe_v not_o what_o we_o give_v but_o how_o no_o greedy_a soul_n disturb_v the_o happy_a seat_n below_o they_o only_o ask_v a_o tile_n with_o garland_n crown_v and_o fruit_n and_o salt_n to_o scatter_v on_o the_o ground_n the_o day_n after_o the_o feralia_fw-la be_v the_o charistia_fw-la or_o festival_n of_o love_n when_o all_o the_o relation_n in_o every_o family_n meet_v together_o and_o have_v a_o feast_n the_o kalend_n of_o march_n be_v the_o matronalia_fw-la a_o feast_n keep_v by_o the_o roman_a matron_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o mars_n to_o who_o they_o think_v themselves_o oblige_v for_o the_o happiness_n of_o bear_v of_o good_a child_n a_o favour_n which_o he_o first_o confer_v on_o his_o
out_o of_o the_o nobility_n or_o commons_o the_o knight_n be_v such_o person_n as_o be_v allow_v a_o gold-ring_n and_o a_o horse_n at_o the_o public_a charge_n the_o commons_o be_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n beside_o these_o two_o order_n include_v not_o only_o the_o inferior_a populacy_n but_o such_o of_o the_o nobility_n too_o as_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v elect_a senator_n and_o such_o of_o the_o gentry_n as_o have_v not_o a_o complete_a knight_n estate_n for_o person_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o two_o high_a rank_n according_a to_o their_o fortune_n one_o that_o be_v worth_a eight_o hundred_o sestertia_fw-la be_v capable_a of_o be_v choose_v senator_n one_o that_o have_v four_o hundred_o may_v be_v take_v into_o the_o equestrian_a order_n augustus_n afterward_o alter_v the_o senatorian_a state_n to_o twelve_o thousand_o sesterce_n but_o the_o equestrian_a continue_v the_o same_o when_o we_o find_v in_o livy_n cicero_n and_o other_o author_n the_o optimates_fw-la and_o populares_fw-la oppose_v as_o two_o contrary_a party_n we_o must_v understand_v by_o the_o former_a such_o person_n of_o what_o rank_n soever_o who_o stand_v up_o for_o the_o grandeur_n and_o majesty_n of_o the_o state_n by_o the_o latter_a any_o person_n of_o what_o order_n soever_o who_o be_v continual_o mutine_a against_o the_o government_n complain_v of_o encroachment_n loss_n of_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n and_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v all_o thing_n to_o a_o level_n there_o be_v another_o common_a division_n of_o the_o people_n into_o nobiles_fw-la novi_fw-la and_o ignobiles_fw-la take_v from_o the_o right_n of_o use_v picture_n or_o statue_n a_o honour_n only_o allow_v to_o such_o who_o ancestor_n or_o themselves_o have_v bear_v some_o curule_n office_n that_o be_v have_v be_v curule_n aedile_n censor_n praetor_n or_o consul_n he_o that_o have_v the_o picture_n or_o statue_n of_o his_o ancestor_n be_v term_v nobilis_fw-la he_o that_o have_v only_o his_o own_o novus_n he_o that_o have_v neither_o ignobilis_fw-la so_o that_o jus_fw-la imaginis_fw-la be_v much_o the_o same_o thing_n among_o they_o as_o the_o right_n of_o bear_v a_o coat_n of_o arm_n among_o we_o and_o their_o novus_n homo_fw-la be_v equivalent_a to_o our_o upstart_n gentleman_n such_o person_n as_o be_v free_a of_o the_o city_n be_v general_o distinguish_v into_o ingenui_fw-la liberti_n and_o libertini_n the_o ingenui_fw-la be_v such_o as_o have_v be_v bear_v free_a and_o of_o parent_n that_o have_v be_v always_o free_a the_o libertini_n be_v the_o child_n of_o such_o as_o have_v be_v make_v free_a liberti_n such_o as_o have_v be_v actual_o make_v free_a themselves_o the_o two_o common_a way_n of_o confer_v freedom_n be_v by_o testament_n and_o by_o manumission_n a_o slave_n be_v say_v to_o be_v free_a by_o testament_n when_o his_o master_n in_o consideration_n of_o his_o faithful_a service_n have_v leave_v he_o free_a in_o his_o last_o will_n of_o which_o custom_n we_o meet_v with_o abundance_n of_o example_n in_o every_o historian_n the_o ceremony_n of_o manumission_n be_v thus_o perform_v the_o slave_n be_v bring_v before_o the_o consul_n and_o in_o aftertime_n before_o the_o praetor_n by_o his_o master_n who_o lay_v his_o hand_n upon_o his_o servant_n head_n say_v to_o the_o praetor_n hunc_fw-la hominem_fw-la liberum_fw-la esse_fw-la volo_fw-la and_o with_o that_o let_v he_o go_v out_o of_o his_o hand_n which_o they_o term_v èâ—mâ—inu_fw-la emittere_fw-la then_o the_o praetor_n lay_v a_o rod_n upon_o his_o head_n call_v vindicta_n say_v dico_fw-la eum_fw-la liberum_fw-la esse_fw-la more_fw-it quiritum_fw-la after_o this_o the_o lictor_n take_v the_o rod_n out_o of_o the_o praetor_n hand_n strike_v the_o servant_n several_a blow_n on_o the_o head_n face_n and_o back_o and_o nothing_o now_o remain_v but_o pileo_fw-la donari_fw-la to_o receive_v a_o cap_n in_o token_n of_o liberty_n to_o have_v his_o name_n enter_v in_o the_o common_a roll_n of_o freemen_n with_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o obtain_v that_o favour_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o senate_n the_o chief_a council_n of_o state_n and_z as_o it_o be_v the_o body_n of_o magistrate_n be_v the_o senate_n which_o as_o it_o have_v be_v general_o reckon_v the_o foundation_n and_o support_v of_o the_o roman_a greatness_n so_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o early_a constitution_n in_o the_o republic_n for_o romulus_n first_o choose_v out_o a_o hundred_o person_n of_o the_o best_a repute_n for_o birth_n wisdom_n and_o integrity_n of_o manner_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o the_o management_n of_o affair_n with_o the_o name_n of_o senator_n or_o patres_fw-la from_o their_o age_n and_o gravity_n a_o title_n as_o honourable_a and_o yet_o as_o little_a subject_n to_o envy_n as_o can_v possible_o have_v be_v pitch_v upon_o after_o the_o admission_n of_o the_o sabine_n into_o rome_n a_o equal_a number_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v join_v to_o the_o former_a hundred_o 2._o hundred_o diony_n lib._n 2._o and_o tarqâ—inius_n priscus_n upon_o his_o first_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n to_o ingratiate_v himself_o with_o the_o commons_o order_v another_o hundred_o to_o be_v select_v out_o of_o that_o body_n for_o a_o addition_n to_o the_o senate_n 3._o senate_n idem_fw-la lib._n 3._o which_o before_o have_v be_v ever_o fill_v with_o person_n of_o the_o high_a rank_n sylla_n the_o dictator_n make_v they_o up_o above_o four_o hundred_o julius_n caesar_n nine_o hundred_o and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o second_o triumvirate_n there_o be_v above_o a_o thousand_o no_o distinction_n be_v make_v with_o respect_n to_o merit_n or_o quality_n but_o this_o disorder_n be_v afterward_o rectify_v by_o augustus_n and_o a_o reformation_n make_v in_o the_o senate_n according_a to_o the_o old_a constitution_n 35._o constitution_n sueton._n in_o august_n cap._n 35._o the_o right_a of_o name_v senator_n belong_v at_o first_o to_o the_o king_n afterward_o the_o consul_n choose_v and_o refer_v they_o to_o the_o people_n for_o their_o approbation_n but_o at_o last_o the_o censor_n engross_v the_o whole_a privilege_n of_o confer_v this_o honour_n he_o that_o stand_v first_o in_o the_o censor_n roll_n have_v the_o honourable_a title_n of_o princeps_fw-la senatûs_fw-la 18._o senatûs_fw-la vid._n a._n gâ—ll_o lib._n 3._o cap._n 18._o which_o he_o keep_v during_o life_n yet_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n as_o the_o consul_n dictator_n etc._n etc._n be_v always_o his_o superior_n in_o the_o house_n beside_o the_o estate_n of_o eight_o hundred_o or_o after_o augustus_n of_o twelve_o hundred_o sestertia_fw-la no_o person_n be_v capable_a of_o this_o dignity_n but_o one_o that_o have_v already_o bear_v some_o magistracy_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a age_n even_o in_o late_a time_n require_v be_v plain_a from_o the_o frequent_a use_n of_o aetas_n senatoria_fw-la in_o author_n dio_fw-mi cassius_z positive_o limit_n it_o to_o five_o and_o twenty_o 5â—_n twenty_o lib._n 5â—_n which_o be_v the_o soon_a time_n any_o one_o can_v have_v discharge_v the_o quaestorship_n the_o first_o office_n of_o any_o considerable_a note_n yet_o we_o meet_v with_o very_a many_o person_n promote_v to_o this_o order_n without_o any_o consideration_n have_v to_o their_o year_n as_o it_o usual_o happen_v in_o all_o other_o honour_n whatever_o as_o to_o the_o general_a title_n of_o patres_fw-la conscripti_fw-la give_v they_o in_o author_n it_o be_v take_v up_o as_o a_o mark_n of_o distinction_n proper_a to_o those_o senator_n who_o be_v add_v to_o romulus_n hundred_o either_o by_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n or_o by_o the_o people_n upon_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o in_o aftertime_n all_o the_o number_n be_v promiscuous_o style_v patres_fw-la and_o patres_fw-la conscripti_fw-la we_o may_v take_v a_o far_a view_n of_o the_o senator_n consider_v all_o together_o as_o a_o council_n or_o body_n the_o magistrate_n who_o have_v the_o power_n of_o assemble_v the_o senator_n be_v only_o the_o dictator_n the_o consul_n the_o praetor_n the_o tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o the_o interrex_n yet_o upon_o extraordinary_a account_n the_o same_o privilege_n be_v allow_v to_o the_o tribuni_fw-la militum_fw-la invest_v with_o consulary_a power_n and_o to_o the_o decemviri_fw-la create_v for_o the_o regulate_v the_o law_n and_o to_o other_o magistrate_n choose_v upon_o some_o unusual_a occasion_n in_o the_o first_o time_n of_o the_o state_n they_o be_v call_v together_o by_o a_o public_a crier_n but_o when_o the_o city_n grow_v large_a a_o edict_n be_v publish_v to_o command_v their_o meeting_n rom._n meeting_n p._n manâ—â—_n de_fw-fr senat._n rom._n the_o place_n where_o they_o assemble_v be_v only_o such_o as_o have_v be_v formal_o consecrate_v by_o the_o augur_n and_o most_o common_o within_o the_o city_n only_o they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o temple_n of_o bellona_n without_o the_o wall_n for_o the_o give_a audience_n to_o foreign_a ambassador_n and_o to_o such_o provincial_a magistrate_n as_o be_v
adorn_v with_o copper_n cut_v 8_o vo_z now_o in_o the_o press_n a_o universal_a dictonary_n explain_v all_o difficult_a english_a word_n ancient_a and_o modern_a as_o also_o the_o term_n use_v in_o all_o art_n and_o science_n together_o with_o their_o etymology_n collect_v from_o the_o most_o esteem_a author_n ancient_a and_o modern_a and_o make_v more_o accurate_a and_o complete_a than_o any_o hitherto_o extant_a by_o several_a person_n particular_o learn_v in_o the_o science_n they_o undertake_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o whole_a will_v be_v digest_v into_o alphabetical_a order_n and_o contain_v in_o one_o entire_a volume_n in_o folio_n the_o antiquity_n of_o greece_n or_o a_o account_n of_o the_o religion_n civil_a government_n magistrate_n law_n custom_n military_a discipline_n arm_n public_a building_n exercise_n sport_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n with_o a_o description_n of_o the_o city_n of_o athens_n etc._n etc._n 8_o vo_z the_o life_n of_o the_o apostle_n new_o translate_v out_o of_o french_a part_n i._o the_o original_a growth_n and_o decay_n of_o the_o roman_a commonwealth_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o building_n of_o the_o city_n while_o we_o view_v the_o original_a of_o state_n and_o kingdom_n the_o most_o delightful_a and_o surprise_v part_n of_o history_n we_o easy_o discern_v as_o the_o first_o and_o fair_a prospect_n the_o rise_v of_o the_o jewish_a and_o roman_a commonwealth_n of_o which_o as_o the_o former_a have_v the_o honour_n always_o to_o be_v esteem_v the_o favourite_n of_o heaven_n and_o the_o peculiar_a care_n of_o divine_a providence_n so_o the_o other_o have_v very_o good_a pretension_n to_o style_v herself_o the_o darling_n of_o fortune_n who_o seem_v to_o express_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a fondness_n for_o this_o her_o young_a daughter_n as_o if_o she_o have_v design_v the_o three_o former_a monarchy_n pure_o for_o a_o foil_n to_o set_v off_o this_o latter_a their_o own_o historian_n rare_o begin_v without_o a_o fit_a of_o wonder_n and_o before_o they_o proceed_v to_o delineate_v the_o glorious_a scene_n give_v themselves_o the_o liberty_n of_o stand_v still_o some_o time_n to_o admire_v at_o a_o distance_n for_o the_o founder_n of_o the_o city_n and_o republic_n author_n have_v long_a since_o agree_v on_o romulus_n son_n of_o rhea_n sylvia_n and_o descendant_n of_o aeneas_n from_o who_o his_o pedigree_n may_v be_v thus_o in_o short_a derive_v upon_o the_o final_a ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o troy_n by_o the_o grecian_n aeneas_n with_o a_o small_a number_n of_o follower_n have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o secure_v himself_o by_o slight_a his_o escape_n be_v very_o much_o countenance_v by_o the_o enemy_n inasmuch_o as_o upon_o all_o occasion_n he_o have_v erpress_v his_o inclination_n to_o a_o peace_n and_o to_o the_o restore_n of_o helâ—â—_n the_o unhappy_a cause_n of_o all_o the_o mischief_n sail_v thus_o from_o treyn_n after_o a_o tedious_a voyage_n and_o great_a variety_n of_o adventure_n he_o aâ—â—rived_v at_o last_o at_o latium_n a_o part_n of_o italy_n so_o call_v à _fw-la latendo_fw-la oâ—â—_n from_o lie_v bid_v be_v the_o place_n that_o saturn_n have_v choose_v for_o his_o retirement_n when_o expel_v the_o kingdom_n of_o crete_n by_o his_o rebellious_a son_n jupiter_n here_o apply_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o country_n at_o that_o time_n latinus_n he_o obtain_v his_o only_a daughter_n lavinia_n 〈◊〉_d marriage_n and_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father-in-law_n be_v leave_v be_v possession_n of_o the_o crown_n he_o remove_v the_o imperial_a seat_n from_o laurentum_n to_o lavinium_n a_o city_n which_o he_o have_v build_v himself_o iâ—â—_n honour_n of_o his_o wise_a and_o decease_a soon_o after_o the_o right_a 〈◊〉_d succession_n rest_v in_o ascanius_n whether_o his_o son_n by_o a_o former_a wife_n and_o the_o same_o he_o bring_v with_o he_o from_o troy_n or_o another_o of_o thaâ—_n name_n which_o he_o have_v by_o lavinia_n livy_n leave_v undetermined_a ascanius_n be_v under_o age_n the_o government_n be_v entrust_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o lavinia_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v grow_v up_o he_o leave_v his_o mother_n in_o possession_n of_o lavinium_n and_o remove_v with_o part_n of_o the_o man_n lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o new_a city_n along_o the_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n albanus_n call_v from_o thence_o longa_n alba._n after_o he_o by_o a_o succession_n of_o eleven_o prince_n the_o kingdom_n devolve_v at_o laâ—â—_n to_o procas_n procas_n at_o his_o death_n leave_v two_o son_n numitor_n and_o amulius_n of_o who_o amulius_n overreach_v his_o elder_a brother_n obligâ—â—_n he_o to_o quit_v his_o claim_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o he_o thereupon_o securâ—â—_n to_o himself_o and_o to_o prevent_v all_o disturbance_n that_o may_v probable_o arise_v to_o he_o or_o his_o posterity_n from_o the_o elder_a family_n make_v away_o with_o all_o the_o male_n he_o constrain_v numitor_n only_a daughter_n rhea_n sylvia_n to_o take_v on_o she_o the_o habit_n of_o a_o vestal_a and_o consequent_o a_o vow_n of_o perpetual_a virginity_n however_o the_o princess_n be_v soon_o after_o find_v with_o child_n and_o deliver_v of_o two_o boy_n remulus_n and_o remus_n the_o tyrant_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o truth_n immediate_o condemn_v his_o niece_n to_o strait_a imprisonment_n and_o the_o infant_n to_o be_v expose_v or_o carry_v and_o leave_v in_o a_o strange_a place_n where_o â—_z very_o improbable_a they_o shall_v meet_v with_o any_o relief_n theâ—_n servant_n who_o have_v the_o care_n of_o this_o inhuman_a office_n leave_v the_o child_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o tree_n by_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n tiber_n in_o this_o sad_a condition_n they_o be_v casual_o discover_v by_o faustulâ—â—_n the_o king_n shepherd_n who_o be_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o the_o plot_n take_v the_o infant_n up_o and_o carry_v they_o home_o to_o his_o wife_n laurentia_n to_o be_v â—ursed_v with_o his_o own_o child_n 1._o child_n lavy_n lib._n 1._o this_o wife_n of_o his_o have_v former_o be_v a_o common_a prostitute_n call_v in_o latin_a lupa_n which_o word_n signify_v likewise_o a_o she-wolf_n give_v occasion_n to_o the_o story_n of_o their_o be_v nurse_v by_o such_o a_o beast_n though_o some_o take_v the_o word_n always_o in_o a_o literal_a sense_n and_o maintain_v that_o they_o real_o subsist_v some_o time_n by_o suck_v such_o a_o creature_n before_o they_o have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o be_v relieve_v by_o fausâ—uluâ—_n 1._o fausâ—uluâ—_n see_v dempster_n note_n to_o r_o sinus's_fw-fr antiquity_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o the_o boy_n as_o they_o grow_v up_o discover_v the_o natural_a greatness_n of_o their_o mind_n and_o thought_n addict_v themselves_o to_o the_o generous_a exercise_n of_o hunt_v race_v take_v of_o robber_n and_o suchlike_a and_o always_o express_v a_o great_a desire_n of_o undertake_v any_o enterprise_n that_o appear_v hazardous_a and_o noble_a râ—muluâ—_n noble_a plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o râ—muluâ—_n now_o there_o happen_v a_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o herdsman_n of_o numitor_n and_o amuâ—ius_n the_o former_a light_n casual_o on_o remus_n bring_v he_o before_o their_o master_n to_o be_v examine_v numitor_n learning_n from_o his_o own_o mouth_n the_o strange_a circumstance_n of_o his_o education_n and_o fortune_n easy_o guess_v he_o to_o be_v one_o of_o his_o grandson_n who_o have_v be_v expose_v he_o be_v soon_o confirm_v in_o this_o conjecture_n upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o faustulus_n and_o romulus_n when_o the_o whole_a business_n be_v lay_v open_a upon_o consultation_n have_v gain_v over_o to_o their_o party_n a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o the_o disaffect_v citizen_n they_o contrive_v to_o surprise_v amulius_n and_o re-establish_a numitor._n this_o design_n be_v soon_o after_o very_o happy_o put_v in_o execution_n the_o tyrant_n slay_v and_o the_o old_a king_n restore_v to_o a_o full_a enjoyment_n of_o the_o crown_n 1._o crown_n ibid._n and_o lavy_n lib_n 1._o the_o young_a prince_n have_v no_o soon_o re-seated_n their_o grandfather_n in_o his_o throne_n but_o they_o begin_v to_o think_v of_o procure_v one_o for_o themselves_o they_o have_v high_a thought_n than_o to_o take_v up_o with_o the_o reversion_n of_o a_o kingdom_n and_o be_v unwilling_a to_o live_v in_o alba_n because_o they_o can_v not_o govern_v there_o so_o take_v with_o they_o their_o foster-father_n and_o what_o other_o they_o can_v get_v together_o they_o begin_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o new_a city_n in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o in_o their_o infancy_n they_o have_v be_v bring_v up_o 1._o up_o pluterâ—h_o as_o before_o and_o lavy_a lib._n 1._o the_o first_o wall_n be_v scarce_o finish_v when_o upon_o a_o slight_a quarrel_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o be_v various_o report_v by_o historian_n the_o young_a brother_n have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o be_v slay_v thus_o the_o whole_a power_n come_v into_o romulus_n hand_n who_o carry_v on_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o
senate-house_n brutus_n and_o cassius_n with_o most_o of_o the_o other_o conspirator_n be_v his_o particular_a friend_n and_o such_o as_o he_o have_v oblige_v in_o the_o high_a manner_n 56._o manner_n paterc_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 56._o a_o civil_a war_n necessary_o follow_v in_o which_o the_o senate_n consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o such_o as_o have_v embrace_v the_o faction_n of_o pompey_n declare_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o assassinate_v while_o mark_v anthony_n the_o consul_n undertake_v the_o revenge_n of_o caesar_n with_o this_o pretence_n he_o exercise_v all_o manner_n of_o tyranny_n in_o the_o city_n and_o have_v no_o other_o design_n but_o to_o secure_v the_o chief_a command_n to_o himself_o at_o last_o the_o senate_n be_v oblige_v to_o declare_v he_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o state_n and_o in_o pursuance_n to_o their_o edict_n raise_v a_o army_n to_o oppose_v he_o under_o the_o command_n of_o hirtius_n and_o pansa_n the_o new_a consul_n and_o octavius_n nephew_n and_o heir_n to_o caesar_n 61._o caesar_n paterc_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 61._o in_o the_o first_o engagement_n anthony_n be_v defeat_v but_o hirtius_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o fight_n and_o pansa_n die_v immediate_o after_o the_o sole_a command_n of_o the_o army_n come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o octavius_n 11._o octavius_n suet._n in_o august_n cap._n 11._o the_o senate_n before_o the_o late_a victory_n have_v express_v a_o extraordinary_a kindness_n for_o he_o and_o honour_v he_o with_o several_a mark_n of_o their_o particular_a esteem_n but_o now_o be_v free_v from_o the_o danger_n they_o apprehend_v from_o anthony_n they_o soon_o alter_v their_o measure_n and_o take_v little_a notice_n of_o he_o any_o long_o decree_v the_o two_o head_n of_o the_o late_a conspiracy_n brutus_n and_o cassius_n the_o two_o province_n of_o syria_n and_o macedonia_n whither_o they_o have_v retire_v upon_o commission_n of_o the_o fact_n 7._o fact_n horus_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 7._o octavius_n be_v very_o sensible_a of_o their_o design_n and_o thereupon_o be_v easy_o induce_v to_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o anthony_n and_o soon_o after_o enter_v into_o a_o association_n with_o he_o and_o lepidus_n as_o his_o uncle_n have_v do_v with_o crassus_n and_o pompey_n he_o return_v to_o rome_n and_o be_v elect_v consul_n when_o under_o twenty_o year_n of_o age_n 65._o age_n paterc_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 65._o and_o now_o by_o the_o power_n of_o he_o and_o his_o two_o associate_n the_o old_a senate_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n banish_v and_o a_o law_n prefer_v by_o his_o colleague_n pedius_n that_o all_o who_o have_v be_v concern_v in_o the_o death_n of_o caesar_n shall_v be_v proclaim_v enemy_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o proceed_v against_o with_o all_o extremity_n ibid._n extremity_n ibid._n to_o put_v this_o order_n in_o execution_n octavius_n and_o anthony_n advance_v with_o the_o force_n under_o their_o command_n towards_o macedoma_n where_o brutus_n and_o cassius_n have_v go_v together_o a_o numerous_a army_n to_o oppose_v they_o both_o party_n meet_v near_o the_o city_n philippi_n the_o traitor_n be_v defeat_v and_o the_o two_o commander_n die_v soon_o after_o by_o their_o own_o hand_n 7._o hand_n flerus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 7._o and_o now_o for_o ten_o year_n all_o affair_n be_v manage_v by_o the_o triumvir_n when_o lepidus_n set_v up_o for_o himself_o in_o sicily_n be_v content_v upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o octavius_n to_o compound_v for_o his_o life_n with_o the_o dishonourable_a resignation_n of_o his_o share_n in_o the_o government_n 80._o government_n paterc_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 80._o the_o friendship_n of_o octavius_n and_o anthony_n be_v not_o of_o much_o long_a continuance_n for_o the_o latter_a be_v for_o several_a enormity_n declare_v a_o enemy_n to_o the_o state_n be_v final_o rout_v in_o a_o sea-engagement_n at_o actium_n and_o fly_v thence_o with_o his_o mistress_n cleopatra_n kill_v himself_o soon_o after_o and_o leave_v the_o sole_a command_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o octavius_n he_o by_o his_o prudence_n and_o moderation_n gain_v such_o a_o entire_a interest_n in_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n that_o when_o he_o offer_v to_o lay_v down_o all_o the_o authority_n he_o be_v invest_v with_o above_o the_o rest_n and_o restore_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n they_o unanimous_o agree_v in_o this_o opinion_n that_o their_o liberty_n be_v soon_o to_o be_v part_v with_o than_o so_o excellent_a a_o prince_n however_o to_o avoid_v all_o offence_n he_o reject_v the_o very_a name_n he_o think_v may_v be_v displease_v and_o above_o all_o thing_n the_o quality_n of_o a_o dictator_n which_o have_v be_v so_o odious_a in_o sylla_n and_o caesar_n by_o this_o mean_n he_o be_v the_o founder_n of_o that_o government_n which_o continue_v ever_o after_o in_o rome_n the_o new_a acquisition_n to_o the_o empire_n be_v in_o his_o time_n very_o considerable_a cantabria_n aquitania_n pannonia_n dalmatia_n and_o illyricum_n be_v whole_o subdue_v the_o german_n be_v drive_v beyond_o the_o river_n albis_n and_o two_o of_o their_o nation_n the_o suevi_n and_o sicambri_n transplant_v into_o gaul_n 21._o gaul_n sueton._n in_o august_n cap._n 21._o tiberius_n though_o in_o augustus_n his_o time_n he_o have_v give_v proof_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a courage_n in_o the_o german_a war_n etc._n war_n vid._n paterc_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 106_o etc._n etc._n yet_o upon_o his_o own_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v memorable_a for_o no_o exploit_n but_o the_o reduce_n of_o cappadocia_n into_o a_o roman_a province_n 7._o province_n eutrop._n lib._n 7._o and_o this_o be_v owe_v more_o to_o his_o cunning_a than_o his_o valour_n and_o at_o last_o upon_o his_o infamous_a retirement_n into_o the_o island_n capri_n he_o grow_v so_o strange_o negligent_a of_o the_o public_a affair_n as_o to_o send_v no_o lieutenant_n for_o the_o government_n of_o spain_n and_o syria_n for_o several_a year_n to_o let_v armenia_n be_v overrun_v by_o the_o parthian_n moesia_n by_o the_o dacian_o the_o sarmatian_n and_o almost_o all_o gaul_n by_o the_o german_n to_o the_o extreme_a danger_n as_o well_o as_o dishonour_v of_o the_o empire_n 41._o empire_n sueton._n in_o tib._n cap._n 41._o caligula_n as_o he_o far_o exceed_v his_o predecessor_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o debauchery_n so_o in_o relation_n to_o martial_a affair_n be_v much_o his_o inferior_a however_o he_o be_v famous_a for_o a_o mock-expedition_n that_o he_o make_v against_o the_o german_n when_o arrive_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n opposite_a to_o britain_n and_o receive_v into_o his_o protection_n a_o fugitive_a prince_n of_o the_o island_n he_o send_v glorious_a letter_n to_o the_o senate_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o happy_a conquest_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n 44._o kingdom_n suet._n in_o cal_n g._n cap._n 44._o and_o soon_o after_o make_v his_o soldier_n fill_v their_o helmet_n with_o cockle-shell_n and_o pebble_n which_o he_o call_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o ocean_n 46_o ocean_n idem_fw-la cap._n 46_o return_v to_o the_o city_n to_o demand_v a_o triumph_n 47._o triumph_n idem_fw-la cap._n 47._o and_o when_o that_o honour_n be_v deny_v he_o by_o the_o senate_n he_o break_v out_o into_o such_o extravagant_a cruelty_n that_o he_o even_o compel_v they_o to_o cut_v he_o of_o for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o own_o person_n 56._o person_n idem_fw-la cap._n 49._o &_o 56._o nay_o he_o be_v so_o faâ—_n from_o entertain_v any_o desire_n of_o benefit_v the_o public_a that_o he_o often_o complain_v of_o his_o ill_a fortune_n because_o no_o signal_n calamity_n happen_v in_o his_o time_n and_o make_v it_o his_o constant_a wish_n that_o either_o the_o utter_a destruction_n of_o a_o army_n or_o some_o plague_n famine_n earthquake_n or_o other_o extraordinary_a desolation_n may_v continâ—â—_n the_o memory_n of_o his_o reign_n to_o succeed_a age_n 31._o age_n idem_fw-la c._n 31._o caliâ—â—â—â—_n be_v take_v off_o the_o senate_n assemble_v in_o the_o capitol_n to_o debaâ—e_v about_o the_o extinguish_n the_o name_n and_o family_n of_o the_o caesar_n and_o restore_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o the_o old_a constitution_n 60._o constitution_n idem_fw-la c._n 60._o when_o one_o of_o the_o soldier_n that_o be_v ransack_v the_o palace_n light_v casual_o upon_o claudius_n uncle_n to_o the_o late_a emperouâ—_n where_o he_o have_v hide_v himself_o in_o a_o corner_n behind_o the_o hang_n pull_v he_o out_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o gang_n and_o recommend_v hiâ—_n as_o the_o fit_a person_n in_o the_o world_n to_o be_v emperor_n all_o be_v strange_o please_v at_o the_o motion_n and_o take_v he_o along_o with_o they_o by_o force_n lodge_v he_o among_o the_o guard_n 50._o guard_n idem_fw-la h._n caâ—d_a c._n 50._o the_o senate_n upon_o the_o first_o information_n send_v immediate_o to_o stop_v their_o proceed_n but_o not_o agree_v among_o themselves_o and_o hear_v the_o multitude_n call_v out_o for_o one_o governor_n
reign_n of_o valerian_n who_o enlarge_v the_o wall_n to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o to_o surround_v the_o space_n of_o fifty_o mile_n aâ—râ—â—tano_n mile_n vopâ—sâ—â—_n in_o aâ—râ—â—tano_n the_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o its_o flourish_a state_n lipsius_n compute_v at_o four_o million_o roman_n million_o de_fw-fr magnitud_n roman_n at_o present_v the_o compass_n of_o the_o city_n be_v not_o above_o thirteen_o miles_n 2._o miles_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 2._o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o city_n into_o tribe_n and_o region_n and_o of_o the_o gate_n and_o bridges_n romulus_n divide_v his_o little_a city_n into_o three_o tribe_n and_o servius_n tullius_n add_v a_o four_o which_o division_n continue_v till_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n it_o be_v he_o first_o appoint_v the_o fourteen_o region_n or_o ward_n a_o account_n of_o which_o with_o the_o number_n of_o temple_n bath_n etc._n etc._n in_o every_o region_n may_v be_v thus_o take_v from_o the_o accurate_a panvinius_n region_n i._o porta_fw-la capena_n street_n 9_o luci_n 3_o temple_n 4._o aedes_fw-la 6._o public_a bath_n 6._o arch_n 4._o barn_n 14._o mill_n 12._o great_a house_n 121._o the_o whole_a compass_n 13223_o foot_n region_n ii_o coelimontium_fw-la street_n 12._o luci_n 2._o temple_n 5._o the_o public_a bath_n of_o the_o city_n private_a bath_n so._n the_o great_a shambles_n barn_n 23._o mill_n 23._o great_a house_n 133._o the_o compass_n 13200_o foot_n region_n iii_o isis_n and_o serapis_n street_n 8._o temple_n 2._o the_o amphitheatre_n of_o vespasian_n the_o bath_n of_o titus_n trajan_n and_o philip._n barn_n 29_o or_o 19_o mill_n 23._o great_a house_n 160._o the_o compass_n 12450_o foot_n region_n iu_o via_fw-la sacra_fw-la or_o templum_fw-la pacis_fw-la street_n 8._o temple_n 10._o the_o colossus_n of_o the_o sun_n 120_o foot_n high_a the_o arch_n of_o titus_n severus_n and_o constantine_n private_a bath_n 75._o barn_n 18._o mill_n 24._o great_a house_n 138._o the_o compass_n 14000_o or_o as_o some_o say_v only_o 8000_o foot_n region_n v._o esqvilina_n street_n 15._o luci_n 8._o temple_n 6._o aedes_fw-la 5._o private_a bath_n 75._o barn_n 23._o mill_n 22._o great_a house_n 180._o the_o compass_n 15950_o foot_n region_n vi_o acta_fw-la semita_fw-la street_n 12_o or_o 13._o temple_n 15._o portico_n 2._o circi_fw-la 2._o fora_n 2._o private_a bath_n 75._o barn_n 19_o mill_n 23._o great_a house_n 155._o the_o compass_n 15600_o foot_n region_n vii_o via_fw-la lata_fw-la street_n 40._o temple_n 4._o private_a bath_n 75._o arch_n 3._o mill_n 17._o barn_n 25._o great_a house_n 120._o the_o compass_n 23700_o foot_n region_n viii_o forum_n romanum_fw-la street_n 12._o temple_n 21._o private_a bath_n 66._o aedes_fw-la 10._o portico_n 9_o arch_n 4._o fora_n 7._o curiae_fw-la 4._o basilicae_fw-la 7._o column_n 6._o barn_n 18._o mill_n 30._o great_a house_n 150._o the_o compass_n 14867_o foot_n region_n ix_o circus_n flaminius_n street_n 30._o temple_n 8._o aedes_fw-la 20._o portico_n 12._o circi_fw-la 2._o theatre_n 4._o basilicae_fw-la 3_o curiae_fw-la 2._o thermae_n 5._o arch_n 2._o column_n 2._o mill_n 32._o barn_n 32._o great_a house_n 189._o the_o compass_n 30560_o foot_n region_n x._o palatium_fw-la street_n 7._o temple_n 10._o aedes_fw-la 9_o theatre_n 1._o curiae_fw-la 4._o private_a bath_n 15._o mill_n 12._o barn_n 16._o great_a house_n 109._o the_o compass_n 11600_o foot_n region_n xi_o circus_n maximus_n street_n 8._o aedes_fw-la 22._o private_a bath_n 15._o barn_n 16._o mill_n 12._o great_a house_n 189._o the_o compass_n 11600_o foot_n region_n xii_o piscina_fw-la publica_fw-la street_n 12._o aedes_fw-la 2._o private_a bath_n 68_o barn_n 28._o mill_n 25._o great_a house_n 128._o the_o compass_n 12000_o foot_n region_n xiii_o aventinus_n street_n 17._o luci_n 6._o temple_n 6._o private_a bath_n 74._o barn_n 36._o mill_n 30._o great_a house_n 155._o the_o compass_n 16300_o foot_n region_n fourteen_o transtiberina_fw-la street_n 23._o aedes_fw-la 6._o private_a bath_n 136._o barn_n 22._o mill_n 32._o great_a house_n 150._o the_o compass_n 33409_o foot_n as_o to_o the_o gate_n romulus_n build_v only_o three_o or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o four_o at_o most_o but_o as_o building_n be_v enlarge_v the_o gate_n be_v according_o multiply_v so_o that_o pliny_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v thirty_o four_o in_o his_o time_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v porta_n flumentana_n so_o call_v because_o if_o stand_v near_o the_o river_n porta_n flaminâ—a_o owe_v its_o name_n to_o the_o flaminian_a way_n which_o begin_v there_o porta_n carmentalis_n build_v by_o romulus_n and_o so_o call_v from_o carmenta_n the_o prophetess_n mother_n of_o evander_n porta_n naevia_n which_o varro_n derive_v à _fw-la nemoribus_fw-la from_o the_o wood_n which_o former_o stand_v near_o it_o porta_n saliana_n derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o salt_n which_o the_o sabine_n use_v to_o bring_v in_o at_o that_o gate_n from_o the_o sea_n to_o supply_v the_o city_n porta_n capena_n call_v so_o from_o capena_n a_o old_a city_n of_o italy_n to_o which_o the_o way_n lay_v through_o this_o gate_n it_o be_v sometime_o call_v appia_n from_o appius_n the_o censor_n and_o triumphalis_fw-la from_o the_o triumph_n in_o which_o the_o procession_n common_o pass_v under_o here_o and_o fontinalis_n from_o the_o aqueduct_n which_o be_v raise_v over_o it_o whence_o juvenal_n call_v it_o madida_fw-la capena_n and_o martial_a capena_n grandi_fw-la porta_n quae_fw-la pluit_fw-la guttâ_fw-la the_o tiber_n be_v pass_v over_o by_o eight_o bridge_n the_o name_n of_o which_o be_v thus_o set_v down_o by_o marlian_n milvius_n aelius_n vaticanus_n janiculensis_n cestius_n fabricius_n palatinus_n and_o sublicius_fw-la chap._n iii_o of_o the_o place_n of_o worship_n particular_o of_o the_o temple_n and_o luci._n before_o we_o proceed_v to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a place_n set_v apart_o for_o the_o celebration_n of_o divine_a service_n it_o may_v be_v proper_a to_o make_v a_o short_a observation_n about_o the_o general_a name_n under_o which_o we_o meet_v with_o they_o in_o author_n templum_fw-la then_o be_v a_o place_n which_o have_v not_o be_v only_o dedicate_v to_o some_o deity_n but_o withal_o formal_o consecrate_v by_o the_o augur_n aedes_fw-la sacrâ—_n be_v such_o as_o want_v that_o consecration_n which_o if_o they_o afterward_o receive_v they_o change_v their_o name_n to_o temple_n delubrum_fw-la according_a to_o servius_n be_v a_o place_n that_o under_o one_o roof_n comprehend_v several_a deity_n aelicula_n be_v only_o a_o diminutive_a and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o little_a aedes_fw-la sacellum_fw-la may_v be_v derive_v the_o same_o way_n from_o aedes_fw-la sacra_fw-la festus_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v a_o place_n sacred_a to_o the_o god_n without_o a_o roof_n it_o be_v endless_a to_o reckon_v up_o but_o the_o bare_a name_n of_o all_o the_o temple_n we_o meet_v with_o in_o author_n the_o most_o celebrate_a on_o all_o account_n be_v the_o capitel_a and_o the_o pantheon_n capitolium_fw-la templ_n pantheon_n vulgo_fw-la rotunda_n the_o capitol_n or_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n capitolinus_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o vow_n make_v by_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n in_o the_o sabine_a war_n 1._o war_n liv._o lib._n 1._o but_o he_o have_v scarce_o lay_v the_o foundation_n before_o his_o death_n his_o nephew_n tarquin_n the_o proud_a finish_v it_o with_o the_o spoil_n take_v from_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n ibid._n nation_n ibid._n but_o upon_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o king_n the_o consecration_n be_v perform_v by_o horatius_n the_o consul_n poplicol_n consul_n plutarch_n in_o poplicol_n the_o structure_n stand_v on_o a_o high_a ridge_n take_v in_o four_o acre_n of_o ground_n the_o front_n be_v adorn_v with_o three_o row_v of_o of_o pillar_n the_o other_o side_n with_o two_o halicar_n two_o diony_n halicar_n the_o ascent_n from_o the_o ground_n be_v by_o a_o hundred_o step_n tacitus_n step_n tacitus_n the_o prodigious_a gift_n and_o ornament_n with_o which_o it_o be_v at_o several_a time_n endow_v almost_o exceed_v belief_n suetonius_n 30._o suetonius_n in_o august_n cap._n 30._o tell_v we_o that_o augustus_n give_v at_o one_o time_n two_o thousand_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n and_o in_o jewel_n and_o precious_a stone_n to_o the_o value_n of_o five_o hundred_o sesterce_n livy_n and_o pliny_n etc._n pliny_n liv._o lib._n 10_o 35_o 38._o plmy_a lib._n 33_o etc._n etc._n surprise_v we_o with_o account_n of_o the_o brazen_a threshold_n the_o noble_a pillar_n that_o sylla_n remove_v hither_o from_o athens_n out_o of_o the_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n olympius_n the_o gild_a roof_n the_o gild_a shield_n and_o those_o of_o solid_a silver_n the_o huge_a vessel_n of_o silver_n hold_v three_o measure_n the_o golden_a chariot_n etc._n etc._n this_o temple_n be_v first_o consume_v by_o sire_n in_o the_o marian_n war_n and_o then_o rebuilt_a by_o sylla_n who_o die_v before_o the_o dedication_n leave_v that_o honour_n to_o quintus_fw-la catulus_n this_o
warchful_a janus_n guard_v his_o temple_n door_n here_o when_o the_o father_n have_v ordain_v to_o try_v the_o chance_n of_o baâ—tel_n by_o their_o sixed_a decree_n the_o consul_n rich_a in_o his_o gabinian_a gown_n and_o regal_a pall_n lead_v the_o procession_n on_o the_o sound_a hinge_n grave_o turn_v about_o rouze_v the_o imprison_a god_n and_o let_v the_o fury_n out_o the_o superstition_n of_o consecrate_v grove_n and_o wood_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o deity_n be_v a_o practice_n very_o usual_a with_o the_o ancient_n for_o not_o to_o speak_v of_o those_o mention_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n pliny_n assure_v we_o that_o tree_n in_o old_a time_n serve_v for_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o go_n tacitus_n report_v this_o custom_n of_o the_o old_a german_n q._n curtius_n of_o the_o indian_n and_o almost_o all_o writer_n of_o the_o old_a druid_n the_o roman_n too_o be_v great_a admirer_n of_o this_o way_n of_o worship_n and_o therefore_o have_v their_o luci_n in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o city_n general_o dedicate_v to_o some_o particular_a deity_n the_o most_o probable_a reason_n that_o can_v be_v give_v for_o this_o practice_n be_v take_v from_o the_o common_a opinion_n that_o fear_n be_v the_o main_a principle_n of_o devotion_n among_o the_o ignorant_a heathen_n and_o therefore_o such_o darksome_a and_o lonely_a seat_n put_v they_o into_o a_o sudden_a horror_n and_o dread_a make_v they_o fancy_n that_o there_o must_v necessary_o something_o of_o divinity_n inhabit_v here_o which_o can_v produce_v in_o they_o such_o a_o awe_n and_o reverence_n at_o their_o entrance_n theatrum_fw-la cornelius_n balbi_n gaditani_n amphitheatrum_fw-la claudii_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o theatre_n amphitheatre_n circo_n naumachiae_n odea_n stadia_fw-la and_o xysti_n and_o of_o the_o campus_n martius_n theater_n so_o call_v from_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o see_v owe_v their_o original_a to_o bacchus_n 13._o bacchus_n polydor._fw-la virg._n de_fw-fr rer._n invent_v lib._n 3._o cap._n 13._o they_o be_v usual_a in_o several_a part_n of_o greece_n and_o at_o last_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o institution_n be_v borrow_a thence_o by_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o theatre_n and_o amphitheatre_n be_v two_o different_a sort_n of_o aedifices_fw-la be_v never_o question_v the_o former_a be_v build_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o semicircle_n the_o other_o general_o oval_a so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o same_o figure_n as_o if_o two_o theatre_n shall_v be_v join_v together_o ibid._n together_o ibid._n yet_o the_o same_o place_n be_v often_o call_v by_o both_o these_o name_n in_o several_a author_n they_o seem_v too_o to_o have_v be_v design_v for_o quite_o different_a end_n the_o theatre_n for_o stage-play_n the_o amphitheatre_n for_o the_o great_a show_n of_o gladiator_n wild_a beast_n etc._n etc._n the_o part_n of_o the_o theatre_n and_o amphitheatre_n best_a worth_n our_o observation_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o frequent_a use_n in_o classicks_n be_v as_o follow_v scena_n be_v a_o partition_n reach_v quite_o cross_a the_o theatre_n be_v either_o versatilis_fw-la or_o duclilis_n either_o to_o turn_v round_o or_o to_o draw_v up_o for_o the_o present_v a_o new_a prospect_n to_o the_o spectator_n as_o seâ—cius_n have_v observe_v 3._o observe_v in_o georg._n 3._o prescenium_n be_v the_o space_n of_o ground_n just_a before_o the_o scene_n where_o the_o pulpitum_fw-la stand_v into_o which_o the_o actor_n come_v from_o behind_o the_o scene_n to_o perform_v 4._o perform_v rosin_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 4._o the_o middle_a part_n or_o area_n of_o the_o amphitheatre_n be_v call_v the_o middle_a part_n or_o area_n of_o the_o amphitheatre_n be_v call_v cavea_fw-la because_o it_o be_v considerable_o low_a than_o the_o other_o part_n whence_o perhaps_o the_o name_n of_o pit_n in_o our_o playhouse_n be_v borrow_a and_o arena_n because_o it_o use_v to_o be_v strew_v with_o sand_n to_o hinder_v the_o performer_n from_o drip_v lipsius_n have_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o whole_a amphitheatre_n be_v often_o call_v by_o both_o these_o name_n amphitheat_n name_n lap_n in_o amphitheat_n and_o the_o veronese_a hill_n call_v the_o theatre_n which_o remain_v almost_o entire_a in_o that_o city_n the_o arena_n italy_n arena_n warcup_n history_n of_o italy_n there_o be_v a_o threefold_a distinction_n of_o the_o seat_n according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a division_n of_o the_o people_n into_o senator_n knight_n and_o commons_o the_o first_o range_v be_v call_v orchestra_n the_o second_o equestria_n and_o the_o other_o popularia_fw-la 5._o popularia_fw-la casalius_n de_fw-fr urb._n rom._n &_o imp._n splendore_fw-la lib._n 2._o cap._n 5._o theatre_n in_o the_o first_o age_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v only_o temporary_a and_o compose_v of_o wood_n which_o sometime_o tumble_v down_o with_o a_o great_a destruction_n as_o dio_n 37._o dio_n lib._n 37._o and_o pliny_n 15._o pliny_n lib._n 36._o cap._n 15._o speak_v of_o one_o particular_o of_o these_o temporary_a theatre_n the_o most_o celebrate_a be_v that_o of_o m._n scaurus_n mention_v by_o pliny_n ibid._n pliny_n ibid._n the_o scene_n of_o which_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o partition_n one_o above_o another_o the_o first_o consist_v of_o 120_o pillar_n of_o marble_n the_o next_o of_o the_o like_a number_n of_o pillar_n curious_o wrought_v in_o glass_n the_o top_n of_o all_o have_v still_o the_o same_o number_n of_o pillar_n adorn_v with_o gild_a tablet_n between_o the_o pillar_n be_v set_v 3000_o statue_n and_o image_n of_o brass_n the_o cavea_fw-la will_v hold_v 80000_o men._n the_o structure_n which_o curio_n afterward_o raise_v at_o the_o funeral_n of_o his_o father_n though_o inferior_a to_o the_o former_a in_o magnificence_n yet_o be_v no_o less_o remarkable_a upon_o account_n of_o the_o admirable_a artifice_n and_o contrivance_n he_o build_v two_o spacious_a theatre_n of_o wood_n so_o order_v with_o hinge_n and_o other_o necessary_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o turn_v round_o with_o very_o little_a trouble_n these_o he_o set_v at_o first_o back_n to_o back_n for_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o stage-plays_a and_o suchlike_a diversion_n to_o prevent_v the_o disorder_n that_o may_v otherwise_o arise_v by_o the_o coufusion_n of_o the_o scene_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o day_n pull_v down_o the_o scene_n and_o join_v the_o two_o front_n of_o the_o theatre_n he_o compose_v a_o exact_a amphitheatre_n in_o which_o he_o again_o oblige_v the_o people_n with_o a_o show_n of_o gladiator_n ibid._n gladiator_n ibid._n pamper_v the_o great_a be_v the_o first_o that_o undertake_v the_o raise_v a_o fix_a theatre_n which_o he_o build_v very_o noble_o with_o square_a stone_n on_o which_o account_n tacitus_n 14._o tacitus_n ann._n 14._o tell_v we_o he_o be_v severe_o reprehend_v for_o introduce_v a_o custom_n so_o different_a from_o that_o of_o their_o forefather_n who_o be_v content_v to_o see_v the_o like_a persormance_n in_o seat_n build_v only_o for_o the_o present_a occasion_n and_o in_o ancient_a time_n stand_v only_o on_o the_o ground_n to_o this_o purpose_n i_o can_v omit_v a_o ingenious_a reflection_n of_o ovid_n upon_o the_o luxury_n of_o the_o age_n he_o live_v in_o by_o compare_v the_o honest_a simplicity_n of_o the_o old_a roman_n with_o the_o vanity_n and_o extravagance_n of_o the_o modern_a in_o this_o particular_a tunc_fw-la neque_fw-la marmoreo_fw-la pendebant_fw-la vela_fw-la theatro_fw-la nec_fw-la fuerant_fw-la liquido_fw-la pulpita_fw-la rubra_fw-la croco_fw-la illic_fw-la quas_fw-la tulerant_fw-la memorata_fw-la palatia_fw-la frondes_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la positae_fw-la scaena_fw-la sine_fw-la arte_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o gradibus_fw-la sedit_fw-la populus_fw-la de_fw-la cespite_fw-la factis_fw-la quâlibet_fw-la hirsutas_fw-la frond_n tegente_fw-la comas_fw-la amandi_fw-la comas_fw-la ovid._n de_fw-fr arte_fw-la amandi_fw-la no_o pillar_n then_o of_o egypt_n costly_a stone_n no_o purple_a sail_n hang_v wave_v in_o the_o sun_n no_o flower_n about_o the_o scent_v seat_n be_v throw_v but_o sylvan_a bower_n and_o shady_a palace_n bring_v by_o themselves_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o ray_n thus_o guard_v and_o refresh_v with_o humble_a green_n ponder_v they_o gaze_v upon_o the_o artless_a scene_n their_o seat_n of_o homely_a turf_n the_o crowd_n will_v rear_v and_o cover_v with_o green_a bough_n their_o more_o disorder_a hair_n juvenal_n intimate_v that_o this_o good_a old_a custom_n remain_v still_o uncorrupted_a in_o several_a part_n of_o italy_n ipsa_fw-la dierum_fw-la festorum_fw-la herboso_fw-la colitur_fw-la si_fw-la quando_fw-la theatro_fw-la majestas_fw-la tandemque_fw-la redit_fw-la ad_fw-la pulpita_fw-la notum_fw-la exodium_fw-la cùm_fw-la personae_fw-la pallentis_fw-la hiatum_fw-la in_o gremio_fw-la matris_fw-la formidat_fw-la rusticus_fw-la infans_fw-la aequales_fw-la habitus_fw-la illuc_fw-la similemque_fw-la videbis_fw-la orchestram_fw-la &_o populum_fw-la 3._o populum_fw-la juv._n sat._n 3._o on_o theatre_n of_o turf_n in_o homely_a state_n old_a play_n they_o act_v old_a feast_n they_o celebrate_v the_o same_o rude_a song_n return_v upon_o the_o crowd_n and_o by_o
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it_o be_v extreme_o beautify_v and_o adorn_v by_o succeed_a prince_n particular_o by_o julius_n caesar_n augustus_n caligula_n domitian_n trajan_n and_o heliogabalus_n and_o enlarge_v to_o such_o a_o prodigious_a extent_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o contain_v in_o their_o proper_a seat_n two_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o thousand_o spectator_n 36._o spectator_n plin._n lib._n 36._o the_o naumachiae_n or_o place_n for_o the_o show_v of_o sea-engagement_n be_v nowhere_o particular_o describe_v but_o we_o may_v suppose_v they_o to_o be_v very_o little_a different_a from_o the_o circo_n and_o amphitheatre_n since_o those_o sort_n of_o show_n for_o which_o they_o be_v design_v be_v often_o exhibit_v in_o the_o forementioned_a place_n 13._o place_n marlian_n topog._n rom._n ant._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 13._o odeum_n be_v a_o public_a edifice_n much_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o theatre_n 12._o theatre_n fabric_n rom._n cap._n 12._o where_o the_o musician_n and_o actor_n private_o exercise_v 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the_o wrestler_n to_o exercise_v in_o 12._o in_o fabric_n rom._n cap._n 12._o circi_fw-la et_fw-la quinque_fw-la ludicrorum_fw-la circensium_fw-la deformatio_fw-la ex_fw-la onuphrio_n panvinio_fw-la naumachiae_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la navalis_fw-la pugnae_fw-la descriptio_fw-la ex_fw-la onuphr_n panvinio_fw-la the_o campus_n martius_n famous_a on_o so_o many_o account_n be_v a_o large_a plain_a field_n lie_v near_o the_o tiber_n whence_o we_o find_v it_o sometime_o under_o the_o name_n of_o tiberinus_n it_o be_v call_v martius_n because_o it_o have_v be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o old_a roman_n to_o the_o god_n mars_n beside_o the_o pleasant_a situation_n and_o other_o natural_a ornament_n the_o continual_a sport_n and_o exercise_n perform_v here_o make_v it_o one_o of_o the_o most_o divert_v sight_n near_o the_o city_n for_o here_o the_o young_a nobleman_n practise_v all_o manner_n of_o feat_n of_o activity_n learn_v the_o use_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n and_o weapon_n here_o the_o race_n either_o with_o chariot_n or_o single_a horse_n be_v undertake_v beside_o this_o it_o be_v noble_o adorn_v with_o the_o statue_n of_o famous_a man_n and_o with_o arch_n column_n and_o portico_n and_o other_o magnificent_a structure_n here_o stand_v the_o villa_n publica_n or_o palace_n for_o the_o reception_n and_o entertainment_n of_o ambassador_n from_o foreign_a state_n who_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o enter_v the_o city_n several_a of_o the_o public_a comitia_fw-la be_v hold_v in_o this_o field_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n be_v the_o septa_fw-la or_o ovilia_fw-la build_v a_o apartment_n enclose_v with_o rail_n where_o the_o tribe_n or_o century_n go_v in_o one_o by_o one_o to_o give_v their_o vote_n cicero_n in_o one_o of_o his_o epistle_n to_o atticus_n intimate_v a_o noble_a design_n he_o have_v to_o make_v the_o septa_fw-la of_o marble_n and_o to_o cover_v they_o with_o a_o high_a roof_n with_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o stately_a portico_n or_o piazza_n all_o round_a but_o 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residence_n 7._o residence_n rosin_n ant._n
lib._n 9_o cap._n 7._o vossius_fw-la basilica_n vossius_fw-la in_o voâ—e_n basilica_n have_v observe_v that_o these_o basilicae_fw-la be_v exact_o in_o the_o shape_n of_o our_o church_n oblong_v almost_o like_o a_o ship_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o many_o of_o they_o christian_a church_n be_v several_a time_n raise_v on_o the_o old_a foundation_n and_o very_o often_o a_o whole_a basilica_n convert_v to_o such_o a_o pious_a use_n and_o hence_o perhaps_o all_o our_o great_a domo_n or_o cathedral_n be_v still_o call_v basilicae_fw-la the_o roman_a forum_n be_v public_a building_n about_o three_o time_n as_o long_o as_o they_o be_v broad_a all_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o forum_n be_v surround_v with_o arch_a portico_n only_o some_o passage_n be_v leave_v for_o place_n of_o entrance_n they_o general_o contrive_v to_o have_v the_o most_o stately_a aedifices_fw-la all_o round_o they_o as_o temple_n theatre_n basilicae_n etc._n etc._n rom._n etc._n lip_n de_fw-fr mag._n rom._n they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n fora_n civilia_fw-la and_o fora_n venalia_fw-la the_o first_o be_v design_v for_o the_o ornament_n of_o the_o city_n and_o for_o the_o use_n of_o public_a court_n of_o justice_n the_o other_o be_v intend_v for_o no_o other_o end_n but_o the_o necessity_n and_o convenience_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o be_v no_o doubt_n equivalent_a to_o our_o market_n i_o believe_v lipsius_n in_o the_o description_n that_o have_v be_v give_v above_o mean_v only_o the_o former_a of_o these_o there_o be_v five_o very_a considerable_a in_o rome_n forum_n romanum_n build_v by_o romulus_n and_o adorn_v with_o portico_n on_o all_o side_n by_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n it_o be_v call_v forum_n romanum_n or_o simple_o forum_n by_o way_n of_o eminence_n on_o account_n of_o its_o antiquity_n and_o of_o the_o most_o frequent_a use_n of_o it_o in_o public_a affair_n martial_a 2._o martial_a epâ—g_v lib._n 2._o and_o statius_n 1._o statius_n sylvar_n lib._n 1._o car_n 1._o for_o the_o same_o reason_n give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o forum_n latium_n ovid_n the_o same_o 4._o same_o fast_o 4._o and_o forum_n magnum_n 3_o magnum_n fast_o 3_o and_o herodian_a antonin_n herodian_a in_o vit_fw-mi m._n antonin_n forum_n vetus_fw-la statius_n the_o poet_n 1._o poet_n sylu._n lib._n 1._o car_n 1._o have_v give_v a_o accurate_a description_n of_o the_o forum_n in_o his_o poem_n upon_o the_o statue_n of_o domitian_n on_o horseback_n set_v up_o here_o by_o that_o emperor_n forum_n julium_n build_v by_o julius_n caesar_n with_o the_o spoil_n take_v in_o the_o gallic_a war._n the_o very_a area_n suetonius_n 26._o suetonius_n in_o jul._n caes_n cap._n 26._o tell_v we_o cost_v 100000_o sesterce_n and_o dio_n lib_n dio_n dio._n lib_n affirm_v it_o to_o have_v much_o exceed_v the_o forum_n romanum_n forum_n augusti_n build_v by_o augustus_n caesar_n and_o reckon_v by_o pliny_n among_o the_o wonder_n of_o the_o city_n the_o most_o remarkable_a curiosity_n be_v the_o statue_n in_o the_o two_o portico_n on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o main_a building_n in_o one_o all_o the_o latin_a king_n beginning_z with_o aeneas_z in_o the_o other_o all_o the_o king_n of_o rome_n begin_v with_o romulus_n and_o most_o of_o the_o eminent_a person_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o himself_o among_o the_o rest_n with_o a_o inscription_n upon_o the_o pedestal_n of_o every_o statue_n express_v the_o chief_a action_n and_o exploit_n of_o the_o person_n it_o represent_v rom._n represent_v lip_n de_fw-fr magnitud_n rom._n this_o forum_n as_o spartian_a hadrian_n spartian_a in_o vit_fw-mi hadrian_n inform_v we_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o emperor_n hadrian_n forum_n nervae_fw-la begin_v by_o domitian_n as_o suetonius_n 5._o suetonius_n in_o domit._n cap_n 5._o relate_v but_o finish_v and_o name_v by_o the_o emperor_n nerva_n in_o this_o forum_n alexander_n severus_n set_v up_o the_o statue_n of_o all_o the_o emperor_n that_o have_v be_v canonize_v severo_fw-la canonize_v spartian_a in_fw-la severo_fw-la in_o imitation_n of_o the_o contrivance_n of_o augustus_n mention_v but_o now_o this_o forum_n be_v call_v transitorium_fw-la because_o it_o lay_v very_o convenient_a for_o a_o passage_n to_o the_o other_o three_o and_o palladium_n from_o the_o statue_n of_o minerva_n the_o tutelar_a deity_n of_o augustus_n rom._n augustus_n lip_n in_o magn._n rom._n upon_o which_o account_n perhaps_o fabricius_n 7._o fabricius_n roma_fw-it cap._n 7._o attribute_n the_o name_n of_o palladium_n to_o the_o forum_n of_o that_o emperor_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o thing_n remain_v of_o this_o forum_n except_o a_o old_a decay_a arch_n which_o the_o people_n by_o a_o strange_a corruption_n instead_o of_o nerva_n arch_n call_v noah_n ark_n 14._o ark_n marlian_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 14._o but_o the_o most_o celebrate_a for_o the_o admirable_a structure_n and_o contrivance_n be_v the_o forum_n trajani_n build_v by_o the_o emperor_n trajan_n with_o the_o foreign_a spoil_n he_o have_v take_v in_o the_o war_n the_o cover_v of_o this_o edifice_n be_v all_o brass_n the_o portico_n exceed_o beautiful_a and_o magnificent_a with_o pillar_n of_o more_o than_o ordinary_a height_n and_o chapiters_n of_o excessive_a bigness_n 13._o bigness_n idem_fw-la lib._n 2._o cap._n 13._o ammianus_n marcellinus_n in_o the_o description_n of_o constantius_n his_o triumphal_a entrance_n into_o rome_n when_o he_o have_v bring_v he_o with_o no_o ordinary_a admiration_n by_o the_o bath_n the_o pantheon_n the_o capitol_n and_o other_o noble_a structure_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o he_o give_v he_o a_o sight_n of_o this_o forum_n of_o trajan_n he_o put_v he_o into_o a_o ecstasy_n and_o can_v forbear_v make_v a_o harangue_n upon_o the_o matter_n 16._o matter_n ammian_n marcelin_n hist_o lib._n 16._o we_o meet_v in_o the_o same_o place_n with_o a_o very_a smart_n repartee_n which_o constantius_n receive_v at_o this_o time_n from_o ormisdas_n a_o persian_a prince_n the_o emperor_n as_o he_o strange_o admire_v every_o thing_n belong_v to_o this_o noble_a pile_n so_o he_o have_v a_o particular_a fancy_n for_o the_o statue_n of_o trajan_n horse_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o building_n and_o express_v his_o desire_n of_o do_v as_o much_o for_o his_o own_o beast_n pray_v sir_n say_v the_o prince_n before_o you_o talk_v of_o get_v such_o a_o horse_n will_v you_o be_v please_v to_o build_v such_o a_o stable_a to_o put_v he_o in_o ibid._n in_o ibid._n the_o chief_a fora_n venalia_fw-la or_o market_n be_v boarium_fw-la for_o ox_n and_o beef_n suarium_fw-la for_o swine_n pistorium_n for_o bread_n cupedinarium_n for_o dainty_n holitorium_n for_o root_n saller_n and_o suchlike_a the_o comitium_n be_v only_o a_o part_n of_o the_o forum_n romanum_n which_o serve_v sometime_o for_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o comitia_fw-la which_o will_v be_v describe_v hereafter_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o forum_n stand_v the_o rostra_fw-la be_v a_o suggestum_fw-la or_o sort_n of_o pulpit_n adorn_v with_o the_o beak_n of_o ship_n take_v in_o a_o sea-fight_n from_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o antium_n in_o italy_n as_o livy_n inform_v we_o 8._o we_o lib._n 8._o in_o this_o the_o cause_n be_v plead_v the_o oration_n make_v and_o the_o funeral_n panegyric_n speak_v by_o person_n at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o relation_n which_o pious_a action_n they_o term_v defuncti_fw-la pro_fw-la rostris_fw-la laudatio_fw-la hard_o by_o be_v fix_v the_o puteal_n of_o which_o we_o have_v several_a and_o very_o different_a account_n from_o the_o critic_n but_o none_o more_o probable_a than_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ingenious_a mounseur_fw-fr dacier_n 35._o dacier_n dacier_n not_o on_o horace_n sat._n lib._n 2._o sat._n 6._o vers_fw-la 35._o which_o he_o deliver_v to_o this_o purpose_n the_o roman_n whenever_o a_o thunderbolt_n fall_v upon_o a_o place_n without_o a_o roof_n take_v care_n out_o of_o superstition_n to_o have_v a_o sort_n of_o cover_v build_v over_o it_o which_o they_o proper_o call_v puteal_v this_o have_v the_o name_n of_o puteal_n libonis_n and_o scribonium_n puteal_v because_o scribonius_n libo_n erect_v it_o by_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n the_o praetor_n tribunal_n stand_v just_a by_o be_v often_o signify_v in_o author_n by_o the_o same_o expression_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o portico_n arch_n column_n and_o trophy_n in_o account_n of_o the_o eminent_a building_n of_o the_o city_n the_o portico_n have_v ever_o have_v a_o honourable_a place_n they_o be_v structure_n of_o curious_a work_n and_o extraordinary_a beauty_n annex_v to_o public_a edifice_n sacred_a or_o civil_a as_o well_o for_o ornament_n as_o use_v they_o general_o take_v their_o name_n either_o from_o the_o temple_n that_o they_o stand_v near_o as_o porticus_fw-la concordiae_fw-la quirini_n herculis_n etc._n etc._n or_o from_o the_o author_n as_o porticus_fw-la pompeia_n octavia_n livia_n etc._n etc._n or_o from_o the_o nature_n and_o form_n of_o the_o building_n as_o porticus_fw-la curva_fw-la stadiata_fw-la porphyretica_fw-la or_o
their_o original_a to_o romulus_n who_o borrow_a the_o institution_n from_o the_o tuscan_n the_o tuscan_n receive_v it_o as_o the_o general_a tradition_n go_v from_o a_o boy_n that_o they_o plough_v up_o casual_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n who_o oblige_v they_o with_o a_o discovery_n of_o all_o the_o mystery_n belong_v to_o this_o art_n 2._o art_n cicero_n de_fw-fr divinat_fw-la lib._n 2._o at_o first_o only_o the_o native_n of_o tuscany_n exercise_v this_o office_n at_o rome_n and_o therefore_o the_o senate_n make_v a_o order_n that_o twelve_o of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o principal_a noblity_n shall_v be_v send_v into_o that_o country_n to_o be_v instruct_v in_o the_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n of_o their_o religion_n of_o which_o this_o secret_n be_v a_o chief_a part_n 1._o part_n idem_fw-la de_fw-la divinat_fw-la lib._n 1._o the_o business_n of_o the_o haruspice_n be_v to_o look_v upon_o the_o beast_n offer_v in_o sacrifice_n and_o by_o they_o to_o divine_a the_o success_n of_o any_o enterprise_n they_o take_v their_o observation_n from_o four_o appearance_n 1._o from_o the_o beast_n before_o they_o be_v cut_v up_o 2._o from_o the_o entrail_n of_o those_o beast_n after_o they_o be_v cut_v up_o 3._o from_o the_o flame_n that_o use_v to_o rise_v when_o they_o be_v burn_v 4._o from_o the_o flower_n or_o bran_n from_o the_o frankincense_n wine_n and_o water_n that_o they_o use_v in_o the_o sacrifice_n in_o the_o beast_n before_o they_o be_v cut_v up_o they_o take_v notice_n whether_o they_o be_v force_v to_o be_v drag_v to_o the_o altar_n whether_o they_o get_v loose_a out_o of_o the_o leader_n hand_n whether_o they_o escape_v the_o the_o stroke_n or_o bound_v up_o and_o roar_v very_o loud_a when_o they_o receive_v it_o whether_o they_o die_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n all_o which_o with_o several_a other_o omen_n be_v count_v unfortunate_a or_o whether_o on_o the_o other_o side_n they_o follow_v the_o leader_n without_o compulsion_n receive_v the_o blow_n without_o struggle_v and_o resistance_n whether_o they_o die_v easy_o and_o send_v out_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o blood_n which_o give_v the_o like_a assurance_n of_o a_o prosperous_a event_n in_o the_o beast_n when_o cut_v up_o they_o observe_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o part_n and_o whether_o any_o be_v want_v a_o double_a liver_n be_v count_v high_o unfortunate_a a_o little_a or_o a_o lean_a heart_n be_v always_o unlucky_a if_o the_o heart_n be_v whole_o miss_v nothing_o can_v be_v think_v more_o fatal_a and_o dreadful_a as_o it_o happen_v in_o two_o ox_n together_o offer_v by_o julius_n caesar_n a_o little_a before_o his_o murder_n if_o the_o entrail_n fall_v out_o of_o the_o priest_n hand_n if_o they_o be_v daub_v more_o than_o ordinary_a with_o blood_n if_o they_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a livid_fw-la colour_n they_o portend_v sudden_a danger_n and_o ruin_n as_o to_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o sacrifice_n it_o furnish_v they_o with_o a_o good_a omen_n if_o it_o gather_v up_o violent_o and_o present_o consume_v the_o sacrifice_n if_o it_o be_v clear_a pure_a and_o transparent_a without_o any_o mixture_n of_o smoke_n and_o not_o discolour_a with_o red_a pale_a or_o black_a if_o it_o be_v quiet_a and_o calm_a not_o sparkle_v or_o crackle_v but_o run_v up_o direct_o in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o pyramid_n on_o the_o contrary_a it_o always_o portend_v misfortune_n if_o at_o first_o it_o require_v much_o pain_n to_o light_v it_o if_o it_o do_v not_o burn_v upright_o but_o roll_v into_o circle_n and_o leave_v void_a space_n between_o they_o if_o it_o do_v not_o present_o catch_v hold_n on_o the_o whole_a sacrifice_n but_o creep_v up_o by_o degree_n from_o one_o part_n to_o another_o if_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v spread_v about_o by_o the_o wind_n or_o to_o be_v put_v out_o by_o sudden_a rain_n or_o to_o leave_v any_o part_n unconsume_v in_o the_o meal_n frankincense_n wine_n and_o water_n they_o be_v to_o observe_v whether_o they_o have_v their_o due_a quantity_n their_o proper_a taste_n colour_n and_o smell_v etc._n etc._n there_o be_v several_a lesser_a sign_n which_o supply_v they_o with_o conjecture_n too_o insignificant_a to_o be_v here_o mention_v most_o of_o these_o ill_a omen_n be_v hint_v at_o by_o virgil._n georg._n 3._o v._n 486._o saepe_fw-la in_o honore_fw-la deûm_fw-la medio_fw-la stans_fw-la â—osiia_fw-la ad_fw-la aram_fw-la lanea_fw-la dum_fw-la niveà _fw-la circumdatur_fw-la insula_fw-la vittâ_fw-la inter_fw-la cunctantes_fw-la cecidit_fw-la moribunda_fw-la ministros_fw-la aut_fw-la si_fw-la quam_fw-la ferro_fw-la mactaverat_fw-la ante_fw-la sacerdos_n ind_n neque_fw-la impositis_fw-la ardent_a altaria_fw-la fibris_fw-la nec_fw-la responsa_fw-la potest_fw-la consultus_fw-la reddere_fw-la vates_fw-la ac_fw-la vix_fw-la suppositi_fw-la tinguntur_fw-la sanguine_a cultri_fw-la summaque_fw-la jejunâ_fw-la sanie_fw-la infuscatur_fw-la arena_fw-la the_o victim_n ox_n that_o be_v for_o altar_n press_v trim_v with_o white_a ribbon_n and_o with_o garland_n dress_v sink_v of_o himself_o without_o the_o god_n command_n prevent_v the_o slow_a sacrificer_n hand_n or_o by_o the_o holy_a butcher_n if_o he_o fall_v the_o inspected_a entrail_n can_v no_o fate_n foretell_v nor_o lay_v on_o altar_n do_v pure_a flame_n arise_v but_o cloud_n of_o smoulder_a smoke_n forbid_v the_o sacrifice_n scarce_o the_o knife_n be_v redden_v with_o his_o gore_n or_o the_o black_a poison_n stain_v the_o sandy_a floor_n mr._n dryden_n there_o be_v but_o two_o account_n of_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o pontifices_fw-la and_o both_o very_a uncertain_a either_o from_o pons_n and_o facere_fw-la because_o they_o first_o build_v the_o sublician_n bridge_n in_o rome_n and_o have_v the_o care_n of_o its_o repair_n or_o from_o posse_n and_o facere_fw-la where_fw-mi facere_fw-la must_v be_v interpret_v to_o signify_v the_o same_o as_o offer_v and_o sacrificare_fw-la the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v the_o most_o receive_a opinion_n and_o yet_o plutarch_n himself_o have_v call_v it_o absurd_a numa_n absurd_a in_o numa_n at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o they_o by_o numa_n the_o number_n be_v confine_v to_o four_o who_o be_v constant_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n till_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 454_o when_o five_o more_o be_v order_v to_o be_v add_v out_o of_o the_o commons_o at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o the_o augur_n receive_v the_o like_a addition_n and_o as_o the_o augur_n have_v a_o college_n so_o the_o pontifices_fw-la too_o be_v settle_v in_o such_o a_o body_n and_o as_o sylla_n afterward_o add_v seven_o augur_n so_o he_o add_v as_o many_o pontifices_fw-la to_o the_o college_n the_o first_o eight_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o pontifices_fw-la majores_fw-la the_o other_o of_o minores_fw-la the_o office_n of_o the_o pontifices_fw-la be_v to_o give_v judgement_n in_o all_o cause_n relate_v to_o religion_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o life_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o inferior_a priest_n and_o to_o punish_v they_o if_o they_o see_v occasion_n to_o prescribe_v rule_n for_o public_a worship_n to_o regulate_v the_o feast_n sacrifice_n and_o all_o other_o sacred_a institution_n tully_n in_o his_o oration_n to_o they_o for_o his_o house_n tell_v they_o that_o the_o honour_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n the_o house_n and_o fortune_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o the_o very_a god_n themselves_o be_v all_o entrust_v to_o their_o care_n and_o depend_v whole_o on_o their_o wisdom_n and_o management_n the_o master_n of_o superintendent_n of_o the_o pontifices_fw-la be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o honourable_a officer_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n numâ—_n when_o he_o institute_v the_o order_n invest_v himself_o first_o with_o this_o dignity_n as_o plutarch_n inform_v we_o though_o livy_n attribute_n it_o to_o another_o person_n of_o the_o same_o name_n festus_n his_o definition_n of_o this_o great_a priest_n be_v judex_n atque_fw-la arbiter_n rerum_fw-la humanarum_fw-la divinarumque_fw-la the_o judge_n and_o arbitrator_n of_o divine_a and_o humane_a affair_n upon_o this_o account_n all_o the_o emperor_n after_o the_o example_n of_o julius_n caesar_n and_o augustus_n either_o actual_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o office_n or_o at_o least_o use_v the_o name_n and_o even_o the_o christian_a emperor_n for_o some_o time_n retain_v this_o in_o the_o ordinary_a enumeration_n of_o their_o title_n till_o the_o time_n of_o gratian_n who_o as_o we_o learn_v from_o zozimus_n 4._o zozimus_n histor_n lib._n 4._o absolute_o refuse_v it_o polydore_v virgil_n 14._o virgil_n de_fw-fr rerum_fw-la invent._n lib._n 14._o cap._n 14._o do_v not_o question_n but_o this_o be_v a_o infallible_a omen_n of_o the_o authority_n which_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n enjoy_v to_o this_o day_n under_o the_o same_o name_n of_o pontifex_n maximus_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o flamen_fw-la rex_fw-la sacrorum_fw-la salii_fw-la and_o feciales_n the_o name_n of_o the_o flamen_v be_v not_o much_o clear_a than_o the_o former_a plutarch_n make_v
own_o mistress_n rhea_n 233._o rhea_n ovid._n fast_o 3._o v._n 233._o on_o the_o same_o day_n begin_v the_o solemn_a feast_n of_o the_o salii_fw-la and_o their_o procession_n with_o the_o ancylia_n which_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o before_o the_o ides_n of_o march_n be_v the_o feast_n of_o anna_n perenna_n in_o honour_n either_o of_o the_o sister_n of_o dido_n who_o flee_v into_o italy_n to_o aeneas_n or_o of_o one_o anna_n a_o old_a gentlewoman_n that_o in_o a_o great_a dearth_n at_o rome_n for_o some_o time_n furnish_v the_o common_a people_n with_o corn_n out_o of_o her_o own_o store_n the_o celebration_n of_o this_o day_n consist_v in_o drink_v and_o feast_v large_o among_o friend_n the_o common_a people_n meet_v for_o this_o purpose_n in_o the_o field_n near_o the_o tiber_n and_o build_v themselves_o booth_n and_o arbour_n keep_v the_o day_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o sport_n and_o jollity_n wish_v one_o another_o to_o live_v as_o many_o year_n as_o they_o drink_v cup_n etc._n cup_n ibid._n v._o 5â—3_n etc._n etc._n the_o same_o day_n be_v by_o a_o decree_n of_o senate_n order_v to_o be_v call_v parricidium_fw-la from_o the_o murder_n of_o julius_n caesar_n which_o happen_v on_o it_o 88_o it_o suâ—ton_n in_o jul._n cap._n 88_o appian_n in_o his_o second_o book_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o very_a different_a law_n that_o dolabella_n the_o consul_n will_v have_v prefer_v upon_o this_o occasion_n and_o that_o be_v to_o have_v the_o day_n call_v ever_o after_o natalis_n vrbis_fw-la the_o birthday_n of_o the_o city_n as_o if_o their_o liberty_n have_v revive_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o caesar_n march_v the_o 19_o or_o the_o 14_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o april_n begin_v the_o quinquatrus_n or_o quinquatria_n the_o feast_n of_o minerva_n continue_v five_o day_n it_o be_v during_o this_o solemnity_n that_o the_o boy_n and_o girl_n use_v to_o pray_v to_o the_o goddess_n for_o wisdom_n and_o learning_n of_o which_o she_o have_v the_o patronage_n to_o which_o custom_n juvevenal_n allude_v eloquium_fw-la &_o famam_fw-la demosthenes_n aut_fw-la ciceronis_fw-la incipit_fw-la optare_fw-la &_o totis_fw-la quinquatribus_fw-la optat_fw-la 10._o optat_fw-la sat._n 10._o to_o rival_n tully_n or_o demosthenes_n begin_v to_o wish_v in_o the_o quinquatrian_a day_n and_o wish_v all_o the_o feast_n april_n the_o 19_o or_o the_o 13_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n be_v the_o cerealia_n or_o feast_n of_o ceres_n in_o which_o solemnity_n the_o chief_a actor_n be_v the_o woman_n no_o person_n that_o mourn_v be_v allow_v to_o bear_v a_o part_n in_o this_o service_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o upon_o the_o defeat_n at_o cannae_n there_o be_v such_o a_o universal_a grief_n in_o the_o city_n that_o the_o anniversary_n feast_n of_o ceres_n be_v force_v to_o be_v omit_v 22._o omit_v livy_n lib._n 22._o april_n the_o 21_o or_o the_o 11_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n be_v the_o palilia_n or_o feast_n of_o pale_n goddess_n of_o shepherd_n this_o be_v sometime_o call_v parilia_n à _fw-la pariendo_fw-la because_o prayer_n be_v now_o make_v for_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o sheep_n ovid_n tell_v we_o a_o very_a tedious_a course_n of_o superstition_n that_o the_o shepherd_n run_v through_o upon_o this_o day_n they_o always_o contrive_v to_o have_v a_o great_a feast_n at_o night_n and_o when_o most_o of_o they_o be_v pretty_a merry_a they_o conclude_v all_o with_o dance_v over_o the_o fire_n that_o they_o make_v in_o the_o field_n with_o heap_n of_o stubble_n etc._n stubble_n ovid._n fast_o 4._o v._n 721_o etc._n etc._n the_o same_o day_n be_v call_v vrbis_fw-la natalis_fw-la be_v the_o day_n on_o which_o the_o city_n be_v build_v 806._o build_v ibid._n v._o 806._o april_n the_o 25_o or_o the_o seven_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n be_v the_o robigalia_n or_o feast_n of_o the_o goddess_n robigo_n or_o the_o god_n robigus_n who_o take_v care_n to_o keep_v off_o the_o mildew_n and_o blast_v from_o the_o corn_n and_o fruit_n 901._o fruit_n ibid._n v._o 901._o april_n 29_o or_o the_o 5_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n be_v the_o floralia_fw-la or_o feast_n of_o flora_n goddess_n of_o flower_n 943._o flower_n ibid._n v._o 943._o when_o the_o public_a sport_n be_v celebrate_v that_o will_v be_v hereafter_o describe_v in_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o year_n we_o meet_v with_o no_o festival_n of_o extraordinary_a note_n except_z the_o poplifugium_fw-la and_o the_o saturnalia_fw-la the_o original_a of_o the_o famous_a nonae_fw-la caprotinae_fw-la or_o poplifugium_fw-la be_v double_o relate_v by_o plutarch_n according_a to_o the_o two_o common_a opinion_n first_o because_o romulus_n disappear_v on_o that_o day_n when_o a_o assembly_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o palus_n capri_n or_o goatsmarch_n on_o a_o sudden_a happen_v a_o most_o wonderful_a tempest_n accompany_v with_o terrible_a thunder_n and_o other_o unusual_a disorder_n in_o the_o air._n the_o common_a people_n flee_v all_o away_o to_o secure_v themselves_o but_o after_o the_o tempest_n be_v over_o can_v never_o find_v their_o king_n romulus_n king_n plutarch_n in_o romulus_n or_o else_o from_o caprificus_fw-la a_o wild_a figtree_n because_o in_o the_o gallic_n war_n a_o roman_a virgin_n who_o be_v prisoner_n in_o the_o enemy_n camp_n take_v the_o opportunity_n when_o she_o see_v they_o one_o night_n in_o a_o disorder_n get_v up_o into_o a_o wild_a figtree_n and_o hold_v out_o a_o light_a torch_n towards_o the_o city_n give_v the_o roman_n a_o signal_n to_o fall_v on_o which_o they_o do_v with_o such_o good_a success_n as_o to_o gain_v a_o considerable_a victory_n camill._n victory_n plutarch_n in_o romul_n &_o in_o camill._n the_o original_a of_o the_o saturnalia_fw-la as_o to_o the_o time_n be_v unknown_a macrobius_n assure_v we_o that_o it_o be_v celebrate_v in_o italy_n long_o before_o the_o build_n of_o rome_n 7._o rome_n macrob._n saturn_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 7._o the_o story_n of_o saturn_n in_o who_o honour_n it_o be_v keep_v every_o body_n be_v acquaint_v with_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o solemnity_n beside_o the_o sacrifice_n and_o other_o part_n of_o public_a worship_n there_o be_v several_a lesser_a observation_n worth_a our_o notice_n as_o the_o liberty_n now_o allow_v to_o servant_n to_o be_v free_a and_o merry_a with_o their_o master_n so_o often_o allude_v to_o in_o author_n it_o be_v probable_a this_o be_v do_v in_o memory_n of_o the_o liberty_n enjoy_v in_o the_o golden_a age_n under_o saturn_n before_o the_o name_n of_o servant_n or_o master_n be_v know_v to_o the_o world_n beside_o this_o they_o send_v present_n to_o one_o another_o among_o friend_n no_o war_n be_v to_o be_v proclaim_v and_o no_o offender_n execute_v the_o school_n keep_v a_o vacation_n and_o nothing_o but_o mirth_n and_o freedom_n be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o city_n they_o keep_v at_o first_o only_o one_o day_n the_o 14_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o january_n but_o the_o number_n be_v afterward_o increase_v to_o three_o four_o five_o and_o some_o say_v seven_o day_n 3._o day_n lipsiuâ—_n saturnal_a lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o part_n ii_o book_n iii_o of_o the_o civil_a government_n of_o the_o roman_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o general_a division_n of_o the_o people_n romulus_n as_o soon_o as_o his_o city_n be_v tolerable_o well_o fill_v with_o inhabitant_n make_v a_o distinction_n of_o the_o people_n according_a to_o honour_n and_o quality_n give_v the_o better_a sort_n the_o name_n of_o patres_fw-la or_o patricii_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n the_o common_a title_n of_o plebeti_n to_o bind_v the_o two_o degree_n more_o firm_o together_o he_o recommend_v to_o the_o patrician_n some_o of_o the_o plebeian_n to_o protect_v and_o countenance_n the_o former_a be_v style_v patroni_fw-la and_o the_o other_o clientes_fw-la the_o patron_n be_v always_o their_o client_n counsellor_n in_o litigious_a case_n their_o advocate_n in_o judgement_n in_o short_a their_o adviser_n and_o overseer_n in_o all_o affair_n whatever_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o client_n faithful_o serve_v their_o patron_n not_o only_o pay_v they_o all_o imaginable_a respect_n and_o deference_n but_o if_o occasion_n require_v assist_v they_o with_o money_n towards_o the_o defray_n of_o any_o extraordinary_a charge_n but_o afterward_o when_o the_o state_n grow_v rich_a and_o great_a though_o all_o other_o good_a office_n continue_v between_o they_o yet_o it_o be_v think_v a_o dishonourable_a thing_n for_o the_o better_a sort_n to_o take_v any_o money_n of_o their_o inferior_n romulo_n inferior_n vide_fw-la diony_n lib._n 2._o liv._o lib._n 1._o plutarch_n in_o romulo_n the_o division_n of_o the_o people_n into_o the_o three_o distinct_a order_n of_o senator_n knight_n and_o commons_o take_v its_o rise_n about_o the_o time_n of_o tarquin_n expulsion_n the_o senator_n be_v such_o person_n as_o have_v be_v promote_v to_o sit_v in_o the_o supreme_a council_n of_o state_n either_o
and_o defend_v augustus_n when_o at_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n he_o assume_v the_o sole_a government_n of_o the_o empire_n among_o other_o constitution_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n divide_v the_o province_n into_o two_o part_n one_o of_o which_o he_o give_v whole_o over_o to_o the_o people_n and_o reserve_v the_o other_o for_o himself_o after_o which_o time_n only_o the_o governor_n send_v into_o the_o first_o division_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o proconsul_n though_o they_o be_v deny_v the_o whole_a military_a power_n and_o so_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o old_a proconsul_n to_o these_o four_o sort_n of_o proconsul_n we_o may_v add_v two_o more_o from_o alexander_n of_o naples_n first_o such_o as_o the_o senate_n create_v proconsul_n without_o a_o province_n pure_o for_o the_o command_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o care_n of_o the_o military_a discipline_n and_o second_o such_o design_v consul_n as_o enter_v on_o their_o proconsular_a office_n before_o they_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o consulship_n chap._n xv._o of_o the_o provincial_a praetor_n and_o propraetor_n of_o the_o legati_fw-la quaestor_n and_o proquaestor_n in_o the_o first_o time_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o province_n be_v govern_v by_o praetor_n and_o as_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o state_n be_v enlarge_v the_o number_n of_o those_o magistrate_n be_v according_o increase_v yet_o even_o in_o those_o time_n if_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o command_n of_o the_o province_n beyond_o the_o time_n prefix_v for_o the_o continuance_n of_o their_o praetorship_n they_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o name_n of_o propraetor_n though_o they_o still_o keep_v the_o same_o authority_n as_o before_o about_o a._n v._o c._n 604._o the_o design_v praetor_n begin_v to_o divide_v the_o praetorian_a or_o lesser_a province_n by_o lot_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o consul_n do_v the_o consular_a and_o when_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n they_o repair_v to_o their_o respective_a government_n assume_v the_o title_n of_o propraetor_n as_o their_o creation_n be_v the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o the_o proconsul_n so_o their_o entrance_n upon_o their_o office_n and_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o administration_n be_v exact_o answerable_a to_o they_o only_o that_o they_o be_v allow_v but_o six_o lictor_n with_o a_o equal_a number_n of_o fasces_fw-la whereas_o the_o proconsul_n have_v twelve_o of_o each_o now_o though_o before_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n the_o propraetor_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o preside_v over_o the_o province_n of_o lesser_a note_n and_o importance_n be_v always_o reckon_v inferior_a to_o the_o proconsul_n yet_o upon_o his_o division_n of_o the_o province_n the_o governor_n of_o those_o which_o fall_v to_o his_o share_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o propraetor_n get_v the_o preference_n of_o the_o proconsul_n in_o respect_n of_o power_n and_o authority_n be_v invest_v with_o the_o military_a command_n and_o continue_v in_o their_o office_n as_o long_o as_o the_o emperor_n please_v the_o chief_a assistant_n of_o the_o proconsul_n and_o the_o propraetor_n be_v the_o legati_fw-la and_o the_o provincial_a quaestor_n the_o former_a be_v different_a in_o number_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o governor_n who_o they_o accompany_v serve_v for_o the_o judge_n of_o inferior_a cause_n and_o the_o management_n of_o all_o small_a concern_v remit_v every_o thing_n of_o moment_n to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o governor_n or_o precedent_n beside_o the_o legati_fw-la there_o go_v with_o every_o proconsul_n or_o propraetor_n one_o or_o more_o quaestor_n who_o whole_a business_n be_v concern_v in_o manage_v the_o public_a account_n take_v care_n of_o the_o supply_n of_o money_n corn_n and_o other_o necessary_n and_o convenience_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n we_o seldom_o meet_v with_o proquaestor_n in_o author_n they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o quaestor_n in_o the_o province_n without_o the_o deputation_n of_o the_o senate_n which_o be_v requisite_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o proper_a quaestor_n this_o happen_v either_o when_o a_o quaestor_n die_v in_o his_o office_n or_o go_v to_o rome_n without_o be_v succeed_v by_o another_o quaestor_n for_o in_o both_o these_o case_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n appoint_v another_o in_o his_o room_n to_o discharge_v the_o same_o duty_n under_o the_o name_n of_o proquaestor_fw-la of_o the_o like_a nature_n with_o these_o quaestor_n be_v the_o procuratores_fw-la caesaris_fw-la often_o mention_v by_o tacitus_n and_o suetonius_n officer_n send_v by_o the_o emperor_n into_o every_o province_n to_o receive_v and_o regulate_v the_o public_a revenue_n and_o to_o dispose_v of_o it_o at_o the_o emperor_n command_n such_o a_o magistrate_n be_v pontius_n pilate_n in_o judaea_n and_o though_o the_o judge_n of_o extreme_a cause_n do_v not_o proper_o belong_v to_o his_o office_n yet_o because_o the_o jew_n be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o rebellious_a nation_n and_o apt_a to_o revolt_v upon_o the_o least_o occasion_n and_o because_o the_o precedent_n of_o syria_n be_v force_v to_o attend_v on_o other_o part_n of_o his_o province_n therefore_o for_o the_o better_a keep_v the_o jew_n in_o order_n the_o procurator_n of_o judaea_n be_v invest_v with_o all_o the_o authority_n proper_a to_o the_o proconsul_n even_o with_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n as_o the_o learned_a bishop_n pearson_n observe_v 4._o observe_v bishop_n pearson_n on_o the_o creed_n art_n 4._o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o comitia_fw-la the_o comitia_fw-la according_a to_o sigonius_n definition_n be_v general_a assembly_n of_o the_o people_n lawful_o call_v by_o some_o magistrate_n for_o the_o enjoyment_n or_o prohibition_n of_o any_o thing_n by_o their_o vote_n 17._o vote_n sigon_n de_fw-fr antiq_fw-la jure_fw-la civ_o romanorum_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 17._o the_o proper_a comitia_fw-la be_v of_o three_o sort_n curiata_fw-la genturiata_n and_o tributa_fw-la with_o reference_n to_o the_o three_o grand_a division_n of_o the_o city_n and_o people_n into_o curiae_fw-la century_n and_o tribe_n for_o by_o comitia_fw-la calata_n which_o we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o in_o author_n in_o elder_a time_n be_v mean_v all_o the_o comitia_fw-la in_o general_n the_o word_n calata_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o calo_n be_v their_o common_a epithet_n though_o it_o be_v at_o last_o restrain_v to_o two_o sort_n of_o assembly_n those_o for_o the_o creation_n of_o priest_n and_o those_o for_o the_o inspection_n and_o regulation_n of_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n 27._o testament_n a._n gell._n lib._n 15._o cap._n 27._o the_o comitia_fw-la curiata_fw-la owe_v their_o original_a to_o the_o division_n which_o romulus_n make_v of_o the_o people_n into_o thirty_o curiae_fw-la ten_o be_v contain_v under_o every_o tribe_n they_o answer_v in_o most_o respect_n to_o the_o parish_n in_o our_o city_n be_v not_o only_o separate_v by_o proper_a bound_n and_o limit_n but_o distinguish_v too_o by_o their_o different_a place_n set_v apart_o for_o the_o celebration_n of_o divine_a service_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o particular_a priest_n one_o to_o every_o curia_n with_o the_o name_n of_o curiones_n before_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o comitia_fw-la centuriata_fw-la all_o the_o grand_a concern_v of_o the_o state_n be_v transact_v in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o curia_n as_o the_o election_n of_o king_n and_o other_o chief_a officer_n the_o make_n and_o abrogate_a of_o law_n and_o the_o adjudge_v of_o capital_a cause_n after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o king_n when_o the_o commons_o have_v obtain_v the_o privilege_n to_o have_v tribune_n and_o aedile_n they_o elect_v they_o for_o some_o time_n at_o these_o assembly_n but_o that_o ceremony_n be_v at_o length_n transfer_v to_o the_o comitia_fw-la tributa_fw-la the_o curiae_fw-la be_v never_o convene_v to_o give_v their_o vote_n except_o now_o and_o then_o upon_o account_n of_o make_v some_o particular_a law_n relate_v to_o adoption_n will_n and_o testament_n or_o the_o creation_n of_o officer_n for_o a_o expedition_n or_o for_o the_o elect_v of_o some_o of_o the_o priest_n as_o the_o flamen_v and_o the_o curio_n maximus_fw-la or_o superintendant_n of_o the_o curiones_n who_o themselves_o be_v choose_v by_o every_o particular_a curia_n the_o power_n of_o call_v these_o assembly_n belong_v at_o first_o only_o to_o the_o king_n but_o upon_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o democracy_n the_o same_o privilege_n be_v allow_v to_o most_o of_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n and_o sometime_o to_o the_o pontifices_fw-la the_o person_n who_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o vote_v here_o be_v such_o roman_a citizen_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o curiae_fw-la or_o such_o as_o actual_o live_v in_o the_o city_n and_o conform_v to_o the_o custom_n and_o rite_n of_o their_o proper_a curia_n all_o those_o be_v exclude_v who_o dwell_v without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o city_n retain_v the_o ceremony_n of_o their_o
own_o country_n though_o they_o have_v be_v honour_v with_o the_o jus_fw-la civitatis_fw-la or_o admit_v free_a citizen_n of_o rome_n 1._o rome_n sigon_n de_fw-fr antiq._n jure_fw-la provinc_fw-la lib._n 3._o cap._n 1._o the_o place_n where_o the_o curiae_fw-la meet_v be_v the_o comitium_n a_o part_n of_o the_o forum_n describe_v before_o 5._o before_o see_v part_n ii_o book_n 1._o cap._n 5._o no_o set_v time_n be_v allot_v for_o the_o hold_n of_o these_o or_o any_o of_o the_o other_o comitia_fw-la but_o only_o as_o business_n require_v the_o people_n be_v meet_v together_o and_o confirm_v by_o the_o report_n of_o good_a omen_n from_o the_o augur_n which_o be_v necessary_a in_o all_o the_o assembly_n the_o rogatio_fw-la or_o business_n to_o be_v propose_v to_o they_o be_v public_o read_v after_o this_o if_o none_o of_o the_o magistrate_n interpose_v upon_o the_o order_n of_o he_o that_o preside_v in_o the_o comitia_fw-la the_o people_n divide_v into_o their_o proper_a curia_n and_o consult_v of_o the_o matter_n and_o then_o the_o curia_n be_v call_v out_o as_o it_o happen_v by_o lot_n give_v their_o vote_n man_n by_o man_n in_o ancient_a time_n viuâ_fw-la voce_fw-la and_o afterward_o by_o tablet_n tabellae_fw-la tabellae_fw-la the_o most_o vote_n in_o every_o curia_fw-la go_v for_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o whole_a curia_n and_o the_o most_o curiae_fw-la for_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n 7._o people_n â—â—siâ—_n lib._n 7_o cap._n 7._o the_o comitia_fw-la centuriata_fw-la be_v institute_v by_o servius_n tullius_n who_o oblige_v every_o one_o to_o give_v a_o true_a account_n of_o what_o they_o be_v worth_a according_a to_o those_o account_n divide_v the_o people_n into_o six_o rank_n or_o class_n which_o he_o subdivide_v into_o 193_o century_n the_o first_o classis_fw-la contain_v the_o equites_fw-la and_o rich_a citizen_n consist_v of_o ninety_o eight_o century_n the_o second_o take_v in_o the_o tradesman_n and_o mechanic_n make_v up_o two_o and_o twenty_o century_n the_o three_o the_o same_o number_n the_o four_o twenty_o the_o five_o thirty_o and_o the_o last_o fill_v up_o with_o the_o poor_a sort_n have_v but_o one_o century_n 4._o century_n see_v diony_n lib._n 4._o person_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o pre-eminence_n have_v the_o name_n of_o classici_fw-la whence_o come_v the_o phrase_n of_o classici_fw-la authores_fw-la for_o the_o most_o approve_a writer_n all_o other_o of_o what_o classis_fw-la soever_o be_v say_v to_o be_v infra_fw-la classem_fw-la 13._o classem_fw-la a._n gell._n lib._n 7._o chap._n 13._o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o people_n by_o century_n be_v hold_v for_o the_o elect_n of_o consul_n censor_n and_o praetor_n as_o also_o for_o the_o judge_n of_o person_n accuse_v of_o what_o they_o call_v crimen_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la or_o action_n by_o which_o the_o party_n have_v show_v himself_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o state_n and_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o all_o such_o law_n as_o be_v propose_v by_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n and_o which_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o call_v these_o assembly_n the_o place_n appoint_v for_o their_o meeting_n be_v the_o campus_n martius_n because_o in_o the_o primitive_a time_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n when_o they_o be_v under_o continual_a apprehension_n of_o enemy_n the_o people_n to_o prevent_v any_o sudden_a assault_n when_o arm_v in_o martial_a order_n to_o hold_v these_o assembly_n and_o be_v for_o that_o reason_n forbid_v by_o the_o law_n to_o meet_v in_o the_o city_n because_o a_o army_n be_v upon_o no_o account_n to_o be_v martial_v within_o the_o wall_n yet_o in_o late_a age_n it_o be_v think_v sufficient_a to_o place_v a_o body_n of_o soldier_n as_o a_o guard_n in_o the_o janiculum_n where_o a_o imperial_a standard_n be_v erect_v the_o take_v down_o of_o which_o denote_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o comitia_fw-la though_o the_o time_n of_o these_o comitia_fw-la for_o other_o matter_n be_v undetermined_a yet_o the_o magistrate_n after_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 601._o when_o they_o begin_v to_o enter_v on_o their_o place_n the_o kalend_n of_o january_n be_v constant_o design_v about_o the_o end_n of_o july_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o august_n all_o the_o time_n between_o their_o election_n and_o confirmation_n they_o continue_v as_o private_a person_n that_o inquisition_n may_v be_v make_v into_o the_o election_n and_o the_o other_o candidate_n may_v have_v time_n to_o enter_v objection_n if_o they_o meet_v with_o any_o suspicion_n of_o foul_a deal_n yet_o at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o censor_n this_o custom_n do_v not_o hold_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v pronounce_v elect_v they_o be_v immediate_o invest_v with_o the_o honour_n 40._o honour_n livy_n lib._n 40._o by_o the_o institution_n of_o these_o comitia_fw-la servius_n tullius_n secret_o convey_v the_o whole_a power_n from_o the_o commons_o for_o the_o century_n of_o the_o first_o and_o rich_a class_n be_v call_v out_o 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sort_n as_o manicae_fw-la pedicae_n nervi_fw-la boiae_fw-la and_o the_o like_a the_o public_a prison_n in_o rome_n be_v build_v by_o ancus_n martius_n hard_a by_o the_o forum_n 1._o forum_n livy_n lib._n 1._o to_o which_o a_o new_a part_n be_v add_v by_o servius_n tullius_n call_v thence_o tullianum_fw-la sallust_n describe_v the_o tullianum_fw-la as_o a_o apartment_n underground_o catilinar_a underground_o in_o bello_fw-la catilinar_a into_o which_o they_o put_v the_o most_o notorious_a criminal_n the_o high_a part_n raise_v by_o ancus_n martius_n have_v common_o the_o name_n of_o the_o râ—bur_n from_o the_o oaken_a plank_n which_o compose_v it_o for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o prison_n beside_o the_o triumvir_n be_v appoint_v a_o sort_n of_o gaoler_n who_o valerius_n maximus_n call_v custos_fw-la caceris_fw-la 5._o caceris_fw-la lib._n 5._o and_o pliny_n commentariensis_fw-la 38._o commentariensis_fw-la lib._n 7._o cap._n 38._o verbera_fw-la or_o stripe_n be_v inflict_v either_o with_o rod_n virgae_fw-la or_o with_o battoon_n fustes_n the_o first_o common_o precede_v capital_a punishment_n proper_o so_o call_v the_o other_o be_v most_o in_o use_n in_o the_o camp_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o military_a discipline_n talio_n be_v a_o punishment_n by_o which_o the_o guilty_a person_n suffer_v exact_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o he_o have_v offend_v as_o in_o case_n of_o maim_v and_o the_o like_a yet_o agellius_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o criminal_a be_v allow_v the_o liberty_n of_o compound_v with_o the_o person_n he_o have_v injure_v so_o that_o he_o need_v not_o suffer_v the_o talio_n unless_o he_o voluntary_o choose_v it_o 1._o it_o vide_fw-la agell_a lib._n 11._o cap._n 1._o ignominia_fw-la be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o public_a shame_n which_o the_o offend_a person_n undergo_v either_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o praetor_n edict_n or_o more_o common_o by_o order_n of_o the_o censor_n this_o punishment_n beside_o the_o scandal_n take_v away_o from_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v inflict_v the_o privilege_n of_o bear_v any_o office_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o liberty_n of_o a_o roman_a citizen_n exilium_fw-la be_v not_o a_o punishment_n immediate_o but_o by_o consequence_n for_o the_o phrase_n use_v in_o the_o sentence_n and_o law_n be_v aquae_n &_o ignis_fw-la interdictio_fw-la the_o forbid_v the_o use_n of_o water_n and_o fire_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o life_n the_o condemn_a person_n be_v oblige_v to_o leave_v his_o country_n yet_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o late_a emperor_n we_o find_v it_o to_o have_v be_v a_o positive_a punishment_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n relegatio_fw-la may_v be_v reckon_v under_o this_o head_n though_o it_o be_v something_o different_a from_o the_o former_a this_o be_v the_o send_v a_o criminal_a to_o such_o a_o place_n or_o for_o such_o a_o time_n or_o perhaps_o for_o ever_o by_o which_o the_o party_n be_v not_o deprive_v of_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o citizen_n of_o rome_n as_o he_o be_v in_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o banishment_n which_o they_o proper_o call_v exilium_fw-la suetonius_n speak_v of_o a_o new_a sort_n of_o relegatio_fw-la invent_v by_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n by_o which_o he_o order_v suspect_v person_n not_o to_o stir_v three_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n 23._o city_n suet._n in_o claud._n cap._n 23._o beside_o this_o relegatio_fw-la they_o have_v two_o other_o kind_n of_o banishment_n which_o they_o term_v deportatio_fw-la and_o proscriptio_fw-la though_o nothing_o be_v more_o common_a than_o to_o have_v they_o confound_v in_o most_o author_n deportatio_fw-la or_o transportation_n differ_v in_o these_o respect_n from_o relegatio_fw-la that_o whereas_o the_o relegati_fw-la be_v condemn_v either_o to_o change_v their_o country_n for_o a_o set_a time_n or_o for_o for_o ever_o and_o lose_v neither_o their_o estate_n and_o good_n nor_o the_o privilege_n of_o citizen_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o deportati_fw-la be_v banish_v always_o for_o ever_o and_o lose_v both_o their_o estate_n and_o privilege_n be_v count_v dead_a in_o the_o law_n relegaâ—_n law_n calâ—â—n_n 〈◊〉_d juridic_n in_o voc_fw-la depâ—rtati_fw-la &_o relegaâ—_n as_o for_o the_o proscripti_fw-la they_o be_v define_v by_o the_o lawyer_n to_o be_v such_o person_n who_o name_n be_v fix_v up_o in_o tablet_n at_o the_o forum_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o justice_n a_o reward_n be_v propose_v to_o those_o that_o take_v they_o and_o a_o punishment_n to_o those_o that_o conceal_v they_o proscripti_fw-la they_o ibid_fw-la in_o voce_fw-la proscripti_fw-la sylla_n be_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o this_o practice_n and_o give_v himself_o the_o great_a example_n of_o it_o that_o we_o meet_v with_o proscribe_v 2000_o knight_n and_o senator_n at_o once_o â—1_n once_o flâ—ruâ—_n lib._n 3._o â—ap_n â—1_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o positive_a banishment_n but_o a_o force_a person_n to_o make_v use_n of_o that_o security_n so_o that_o we_o may_v fancy_n it_o of_o like_a nature_n with_o our_o outlawry_n servitus_fw-la be_v a_o punishment_n by_o which_o the_o criminal_n person_n as_o well_o as_o good_n be_v public_o expose_v to_o sale_n by_o auction_n this_o rare_o happen_v to_o the_o citizen_n but_o be_v a_o usual_a way_n of_o treat_v captive_n take_v in_o war_n and_o therefore_o will_v be_v describe_v hereafter_o under_o the_o head_n of_o capital_a punishment_n the_o roman_n reckon_v extreme_a bunishment_n because_o those_o who_o undergo_v that_o sentence_n be_v in_o a_o civil_a sense_n dead_a mors._n mors._n but_o because_o this_o punishment_n have_v be_v already_o describe_v we_o be_v only_o now_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o such_o as_o reach_v the_o offender_n life_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o be_v percussio_fw-la securi_fw-la strangulatio_fw-la praecipitatio_fw-la de_fw-la robore_fw-la dejectio_fw-la è_fw-la rupe_n tarpeià _fw-la in_fw-la crucem_fw-la actio_fw-la and_o projectio_fw-la in_o profluentem_fw-la the_o first_o be_v the_o same_o as_o behead_v with_o we_o the_o second_o be_v perform_v in_o the_o prison_n as_o it_o be_v now_o in_o turkey_n the_o three_o and_o four_o be_v a_o throw_v the_o criminal_a headlong_o either_o from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o prison_n call_v robur_n or_o from_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o tarpeian_a mountain_n the_o five_o punishment_n namely_o crucifixion_n be_v seldom_o inflict_v on_o any_o but_o slave_n or_o the_o mean_a of_o the_o commons_o yet_o we_o find_v some_o example_n of_o a_o different_a practice_n and_o suetonius_n particular_o relate_v of_o the_o emperor_n galba_n that_o have_v condemn_v a_o roman_a citizen_n to_o suffer_v this_o punishment_n for_o poison_v his_o ward_n the_o gentleman_n as_o he_o be_v carry_v to_o execution_n make_v a_o grievous_a complaint_n that_o a_o citizen_n of_o rome_n shall_v undergo_v such_o a_o servile_a death_n allege_v the_o law_n to_o the_o contrary_a the_o emperor_n hear_v his_o plea_n promise_v to_o alleviate_v the_o shame_n of_o his_o sentence_n and_o order_v a_o cross_n much_o large_a and_o more_o neat_a than_o ordinary_a to_o be_v erect_v and_o to_o be_v wash_v over_o with_o white_a paint_n that_o the_o gentleman_n who_o stand_v so_o much_o on_o his_o quality_n may_v have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v hang_v in_o state_n 9_o state_n sueton._n in_o galbâ_fw-la cap_n 9_o the_o cross_n and_o the_o furca_fw-la be_v common_o take_v for_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o author_n though_o proper_o speak_v there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o they_o the_o furca_fw-la be_v divide_v by_o lipsius_n into_o ignominiosa_fw-la and_o poenalis_fw-la the_o former_a plutarch_n describe_v to_o be_v that_o piece_n of_o wood_n which_o support_v the_o thill_n of_o a_o wagon_n he_o add_v that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a penance_n for_o a_o servant_n who_o have_v offend_v to_o take_v this_o upon_o his_o shoulder_n and_o carry_v it_o about_o the_o neighbourhood_n for_o whoever_o be_v see_v with_o this_o infamous_a burden_n have_v no_o long_o any_o credit_n or_o trust_v among_o those_o who_o know_v it_o but_o be_v call_v furciser_n by_o way_n of_o ignominy_n and_o reproach_n coriolane_n reproach_n vide_fw-la plutarch_n in_o coriolane_n furca_fw-la poenalis_fw-la be_v a_o piece_n of_o wood_n much_o of_o the_o same_o shape_n as_o the_o former_a which_o be_v fasten_v about_o the_o convict_a person_n be_v neck_n he_o be_v general_o either_o scourge_v to_o death_n under_o it_o or_o lift_v up_o by_o it_o upon_o the_o cross_n lipsius_n make_v it_o the_o same_o with_o the_o patibulum_fw-la and_o fancy_n that_o for_o all_o the_o name_n it_o may_v not_o be_v a_o fork_a piece_n of_o timber_n but_o rather_o a_o straight_a beam_n to_o which_o the_o criminal_n arm_n be_v stretch_v out_o be_v tie_v and_o which_o be_v hol_v up_o at_o the_o place_n of_o execution_n serve_v for_o the_o transverse_a part_n of_o the_o cross_n projectio_fw-la in_o profluentem_fw-la be_v a_o punishment_n proper_a to_o the_o crime_n of_o parricide_n
jugurth_n chap._n xxx_o law_n relate_v to_o corn._n sempronia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n sempronius_n gracchus_n not_o t._n sempronius_n gracchus_n as_o rosinus_n have_v it_o ordain_v that_o a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o corn_n shall_v be_v distribute_v every_o month_n among_o the_o commons_o so_o much_o to_o every_o man_n for_o which_o they_o be_v only_o to_o pay_v the_o small_a consideration_n of_o a_o semissis_fw-la and_o a_o triens_fw-la 〈◊〉_d triens_fw-la fler._n epit._n lau._n lib._n 60._o vâ—l._n pat._n lib._n 2_o 〈◊〉_d terentia_n cassia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n terentius_n varro_n lucullus_n and_o c._n cassius_n consul_n a._n 680._o ordain_v that_o the_o same_o set_a price_n shall_v be_v give_v for_o all_o corn_n buy_v up_o in_o the_o province_n to_o hinder_v the_o exaction_n of_o the_o quaster_n 5._o quaster_n 〈◊〉_d in_o verrin_n 5._o clodia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n clodius_n triâ—â—â—e_v of_o the_o câ—mmâ—ns_n a._n 695._o ordain_v that_o those_o quantity_n of_o corn_n which_o be_v former_o sell_v to_o the_o poor_a people_n at_o six_o ass_n and_o a_o triens_fw-la the_o bushel_n shall_v be_v distribute_v among_o they_o gratis_o etc._n gratis_o cicero_n pro_fw-la sextio_fw-la in_o pison_n etc._n etc._n hierenica_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n hiero_n tyrant_n of_o sicily_n regulate_v the_o affair_n between_o the_o farmer_n and_o the_o decumani_fw-la or_o gatherer_n of_o the_o corn-tax_n which_o because_o it_o consist_v of_o a_o ten_o part_n they_o call_v decumae_fw-la ordain_v the_o quantity_n of_o corn_n the_o price_n and_o the_o time_n of_o receive_v it_o which_o for_o the_o justice_n of_o it_o the_o roman_n still_o continue_v in_o force_n after_o they_o have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o that_o island_n 4._o island_n cicero_n in_o verr._n 4._o chap._n xxxi_o law_n for_o the_o regulate_v of_o expense_n orchia_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n orchius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 566._o define_v the_o number_n of_o guest_n which_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v present_a at_o any_o entertainment_n 14._o entertainment_n macreb_n saturn_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 14._o fannia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n fannius_n consul_n a._n 588._o ordain_v that_o upon_o the_o high_a festival_n no_o person_n shall_v expend_v more_o than_o a_o hundred_o ass_n in_o a_o day_n on_o ten_o other_o day_n in_o every_o month_n thirty_o ass_n and_o at_o all_o other_o time_n ten_o 24._o ten_o ibid._n &_o agell_a lib._n 2._o cap._n 24._o didia_n lex_fw-la enact_v about_o eighteen_o year_n after_o the_o former_a ordain_v that_o the_o law_n for_o regulate_a expense_n shall_v reach_v all_o the_o italian_n as_o well_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o rome_n and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o master_n of_o extravagant_a treat_v but_o the_o guest_n too_o shall_v incur_v a_o penalty_n for_o their_o offence_n ibid._n offence_n ibid._n lex_fw-la licinia_n the_o author_n p._n licinius_n crassus_n the_o rich_a agree_v in_o most_o particular_n with_o the_o fanman_n law_n and_o far_o prescribe_v that_o on_o the_o kalend_n nones_n and_o nundinae_fw-la thirty_o ass_n shall_v be_v the_o most_o that_o be_v spend_v at_o any_o table_n and_o that_o on_o ordinary_a day_n which_o be_v not_o particular_o except_v mss._n caro_fw-la arida_fw-la opponitur_fw-la salsamento_fw-la casaubon_n adagell_a notae_fw-la mss._n there_o shall_v be_v spend_v only_o three_o pound_n of_o dry_a flesh_n and_o one_o pound_n of_o salt_n meat_n but_o allow_v as_o much_o as_o every_o body_n please_v of_o any_o fruit_n of_o the_o ground_n 24._o ground_n ibid._n &_o agell_a lib._n 2._o cap._n 24._o cornelia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n cornelius_n sylla_n enact_v not_o so_o much_o for_o the_o retrench_a of_o extravagant_a treat_v as_o for_o the_o impose_v a_o low_a price_n on_o provision_n 24._o provision_n agell_a lib._n 2._o cap._n 24._o aemilia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n aemilius_n lepidus_n consul_n about_o a._n 675_o respect_v the_o particular_a sort_n of_o meat_n in_o use_n at_o that_o time_n and_o state_v the_o just_a quantity_n allowable_a of_o every_o kind_n ibid._n kind_n ibid._n antia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n one_o antius_n restio_n a_o far_a essay_n towards_o the_o suppression_n of_o luxury_n the_o particular_n of_o which_o we_o be_v not_o acquaint_v with_o but_o macrobius_n give_v we_o this_o remarkable_a story_n of_o the_o author_n that_o find_v his_o constitution_n to_o be_v of_o very_o little_a force_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a head_n that_o prodigality_n and_o extravagance_n have_v gain_v in_o the_o city_n he_o never_o afterward_o sup_v abroad_o as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v for_o fear_v he_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o be_v a_o witness_n of_o the_o contempt_n of_o his_o own_o injunction_n without_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o punish_v it_o agell_a it_o macrob._n &_o agell_a julia_n lex_fw-la prefer_v in_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n allow_v two_o hundred_o sestertii_fw-la for_o provision_n on_o the_o dies_fw-la profesti_fw-la three_o hundred_o on_o the_o common_a festival_n in_o the_o calendar_n and_o a_o thousand_o at_o marriage-feast_n and_o such_o extraordinary_a entertainment_n agell_a entertainment_n agell_a agellius_n far_a add_v that_o he_o find_v in_o a_o old_a author_n a_o edict_n either_o of_o augustus_n or_o tiberius_n he_o be_v uncertain_a which_o raise_v the_o allowance_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o festival_n from_o three_o hundred_o to_o two_o thousand_o sestertii_fw-la ibid._n sestertii_fw-la ibid._n hither_o may_v be_v refer_v the_o lex_fw-la oppia_n the_o author_n c._n opius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 540._o in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n ordain_v that_o no_o woman_n shall_v have_v above_o half_a a_o ounce_n of_o gold_n wear_v a_o particoloured_a garment_n or_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o chariot_n in_o any_o city_n town_n or_o to_o any_o place_n within_o a_o miles_n distance_n unless_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o celebrate_v some_o sacred_a solemnity_n 3._o solemnity_n livy_n lib._n 34._o tac._n ann._n 3._o chap._n xxxii_o law_n relate_v to_o martial_a affair_n sacrata_fw-la lex_fw-la militaris_fw-la the_o author_n probable_o m._n valerius_n corvus_n dictator_n a._n 411._o ordain_v that_o no_o soldier_n name_n which_o have_v be_v enter_v in_o the_o musterroll_n shall_v be_v strike_v out_o unless_o by_o the_o party_n consent_n and_o that_o no_o person_n who_o have_v be_v military_a tribune_n shall_v execute_v the_o office_n of_o ductor_n ordinum_fw-la 7._o ordinum_fw-la liv._o lib._n 7._o sempronia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n sempronius_n gracchus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 630._o ordain_v that_o the_o soldier_n shall_v receive_v their_o clothes_n gratis_o at_o the_o public_a charge_n without_o any_o diminution_n of_o their_o ordinary_a pay_n and_o that_o none_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o army_n who_o be_v not_o full_a seventeen_o year_n old_a graâ—ch_n old_a plutarch_n in_o c._n graâ—ch_n maria_n porcia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n marius_n and_o m._n porcius_n cato_n tribunes_z of_o the_o commons_o a._n 691._o ordain_v that_o a_o penalty_n shall_v be_v inflict_v on_o such_o commander_n as_o write_v false_o to_o the_o senate_n about_o the_o number_n of_o the_o slay_v on_o the_o enemy_n side_n and_o of_o their_o own_o party_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v oblige_v when_o they_o first_o enter_v the_o city_n to_o take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n before_o the_o quaestor_n that_o the_o number_n which_o they_o return_v be_v true_a according_a to_o the_o est_fw-fr computation_n 8._o computation_n valâ—r_fw-fr max._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 8._o sulpicia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n sulpicius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 665._o ordain_v that_o the_o chief_a command_n in_o the_o mithridatick_a war_n which_o be_v then_o enjoy_v by_o l._n sylla_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o he_o and_o confer_v on_o c._n marius_n etc._n marius_n vell._n patere_fw-la lib._n 2._o florus_n epit._n 77._o plutarch_n in_o sylla_n &_o marto_n etc._n etc._n gabinia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n a._n gabinius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 685._o ordain_v that_o a_o commission_n shall_v be_v grant_v to_o cn._n pompey_n for_o the_o management_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o pirate_n for_o three_o year_n with_o this_o particular_a clause_n that_o upon_o all_o the_o sea_n on_o this_o side_n hercules_n his_o pillar_n and_o in_o the_o maritime_a province_n as_o far_o as_o 400_o stadia_fw-la from_o the_o sea_n he_o shall_v be_v empower_v to_o command_v king_n governor_n and_o state_n to_o supply_v he_o with_o all_o necessary_n in_o the_o expedition_n senat._n expedition_n asconius_n in_o cornelian_a vell._n paterc_n lib._n 2._o plutarch_n in_o pomp._n cicero_n de_fw-fr lege_fw-la maniliâ_fw-la &_o post_fw-la reditum_fw-la in_o senat._n manilia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n manilius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 687._o ordain_v that_o all_o the_o force_n of_o lucullus_n and_o the_o province_n under_o his_o government_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o pompey_n
off_o from_o all_o the_o italian_a state_n attic._n state_n dio_fw-mi lib._n 37._o cic._n in_o epist_n ad_fw-la attic._n portoria_n according_a to_o sigonius_n explication_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o toll_n pay_v always_o at_o the_o carry_v of_o any_o exportable_a good_n to_o the_o haven_n whence_o the_o collector_n of_o it_o be_v call_v portitores_fw-la lex_fw-la julia_n de_fw-la maritandis_fw-la ordinibus_fw-la the_o roman_n consult_v the_o grandeur_n of_o their_o republic_n have_v always_o a_o particular_a honour_n for_o a_o marry_a state_n and_o nothing_o be_v more_o usual_a than_o for_o the_o censor_n to_o impose_v a_o fine_a upon_o old_a bachelor_n dionysius_n halicarnassus_n 9_o halicarnassus_n lib._n 9_o mention_n a_o old_a constitution_n by_o which_o all_o person_n of_o full_a age_n be_v oblige_v to_o marry_v but_o the_o first_o law_n of_o which_o we_o have_v any_o certainty_n be_v this_o of_o augustus_n caesar_n prefer_v a._n 736._o it_o do_v not_o pass_v before_o it_o have_v receive_v several_a amendment_n be_v at_o first_o reject_v for_o its_o extreme_a severity_n this_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o propertius_n seven_o elegy_n of_o the_o three_o book_n gaâ—â—sa_fw-la est_fw-la certè_fw-la sublatam_fw-la cynthia_n legem_fw-la etc._n etc._n my_o cynthia_n laugh_v to_o see_v the_o bill_n throw_v out_o etc._n etc._n horace_n call_v it_o lex_n marita_n seculati_fw-la marita_n in_o carmine_fw-la seculati_fw-la a._n 762._o this_o law_n be_v improve_v and_o enlarge_v be_v prefer_v in_o a_o new_a bill_n by_o papius_n and_o poppaeus_n the_o consul_n at_o that_o time_n whence_o it_o be_v sometime_o call_v papia_n poppaea_n lex_fw-la and_o general_o julia_z papia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o general_a head_n be_v collect_v by_o lipsius_n in_o his_o excursion_n on_o tacitus_n 34._o tacitus_n exchrs_n ad_fw-la tacit._n ann._n lib._n 3._o litter_n c._n vid._n sueton_n isâ—_n octavio_n cap._n 34._o among_o which_o the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v those_o which_o contain_v the_o sanction_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o it_o be_v hereby_o ordain_v that_o all_o the_o magistrate_n shall_v take_v precedence_n according_a to_o their_o number_n of_o child_n or_o a_o marry_a man_n before_o a_o bachelor_n that_o in_o election_n those_o candidate_n shall_v be_v prefer_v who_o have_v the_o most_o numerous_a offspring_n and_o that_o any_o person_n may_v stand_v soon_o than_o ordinary_a for_o a_o office_n if_o he_o have_v as_o many_o child_n as_o he_o want_v year_n to_o be_v capable_a of_o bear_v such_o a_o dignity_n 7._o dignity_n plin_n epist_n lib._n 7._o that_o whoever_o in_o the_o city_n have_v three_o child_n in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o italy_n four_o and_o in_o the_o province_n five_o or_o as_o some_o say_v seven_o shall_v be_v excuse_v from_o all_o troublesome_a office_n in_o the_o place_n where_o he_o live_v hence_o come_v the_o famous_a jus_o trium_fw-la liberorum_fw-la so_o frequent_o meet_v with_o in_o pliny_n martial_n etc._n etc._n by_o which_o the_o emperor_n often_o oblige_v such_o person_n with_o this_o privilege_n to_o who_o nature_n have_v deny_v it_o of_o the_o penalty_n incur_v by_o such_o as_o in_o spite_n of_o this_o law_n live_v a_o single_a life_n the_o chief_a be_v that_o unmarried_a person_n shall_v be_v incapable_a of_o receive_v any_o legacy_n or_o inheritance_n by_o will_n unless_o from_o their_o near_a relation_n and_o such_o as_o be_v marry_v and_o yet_o have_v no_o child_n above_o half_a a_o estate_n hence_o plutarch_n have_v a_o severe_a reflection_n on_o the_o covetous_a humour_n of_o the_o age_n that_o several_a of_o the_o roman_n do_v not_o marry_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o raise_v heir_n eâ—_n their_o own_o fortune_n but_o that_o they_o themselves_o may_v upon_o this_o account_n be_v capable_a of_o inherit_v the_o estate_n of_o other_o man_n 〈◊〉_d man_n plat._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o juvenal_n allude_v to_o the_o same_o custom_n jam_fw-la pater_fw-la es_fw-la dederam_fw-la quod_fw-la famae_fw-la opponere_fw-la possis_fw-la 86._o possis_fw-la sit_v 9_o vers_fw-la 86._o jura_n parentis_fw-la habes_fw-la propter_fw-la i_o scriberis_fw-la haeres_fw-la legatum_fw-la omne_fw-la capis_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la &_o dulce_fw-la caducum_n now_o by_o my_o toil_n thou_o gain_v a_o father_n fame_n no_o more_o shall_v point_a crowd_n attest_v thy_o shame_n thou_o be_v the_o privilege_n our_o law_n afford_v to_o he_o that_o stand_v a_o father_n on_o record_n in_o miser_n will_n you_o stand_v unquestioned_a now_o and_o reap_v the_o harvest_n which_o you_o can_v not_o sow_v claudia_n lex_fw-la de_fw-la scribarum_fw-la negotiatione_fw-la this_o law_n be_v bare_o mention_v by_o suetonius_n 9_o suetonius_n in_o domit._n cap._n 9_o and_o seem_v a_o part_n of_o the_o lex_fw-la claudia_n or_o clodia_n about_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o senator_n already_o explain_v it_o appear_v therefore_o that_o not_o only_o the_o senator_n but_o the_o scribe_n too_o or_o at_o least_o those_o scribe_n who_o assist_v the_o quaestor_n be_v forbid_v to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o vessel_n of_o above_o three_o hundred_o amphorae_fw-la we_o may_v reasonable_o suppose_v that_o this_o prohibition_n be_v not_o lay_v upon_o they_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o order_n and_o degree_n which_o be_v not_o by_o any_o mean_v eminent_a but_o rather_o upon_o account_n of_o their_o particular_a place_n or_o office_n because_o it_o look_v very_o improper_a that_o person_n who_o be_v concern_v in_o the_o public_a account_n shall_v at_o the_o same_o time_n by_o deal_v in_o traffic_n and_o merchandise_n endeavour_v rather_o the_o fill_v their_o own_o coffer_n than_o improve_n the_o revenue_n of_o the_o state_n â—bcum_fw-la state_n vid._n torrent_n in_o not._n ad_fw-la â—bcum_fw-la mamilia_n lex_fw-la this_o law_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a depend_v upon_o a_o single_a authority_n be_v just_o name_v by_o sallust_n jugurthin_n sallust_n in_o bell._n jugurthin_n and_o not_o explain_v by_o manulius_n or_o rosinus_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o since_o affair_n have_v be_v very_o often_o ill_o manage_v by_o the_o nobility_n those_o person_n who_o ancestor_n have_v bear_v no_o magistracy_n in_o the_o state_n such_o as_o they_o call_v homines_fw-la novi_fw-la shall_v for_o the_o future_a be_v allow_v the_o privilege_n of_o hold_v public_a office_n locum_fw-la office_n vid._n rivium_n in_o not._n ad_fw-la locum_fw-la atinia_n lex_fw-la de_fw-la furtis_fw-la ordain_v that_o no_o prescription_n shall_v secure_v the_o possession_n of_o steal_v good_n but_o that_o the_o proper_a owner_n shall_v have_v a_o eternal_a right_n to_o they_o 7._o they_o cie_n verr._n â—_o agell_a lib._n 17._o cap._n 7._o part_n ii_o book_n iu._n the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n chap._n i._n the_o levy_n of_o the_o roman_a foot_n at_o the_o same_o time_n of_o the_o year_n as_o the_o consul_n be_v declare_v elect_a or_o design_v they_o choose_v the_o military_a tribune_n fourteen_o out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o equites_fw-la who_o have_v serve_v in_o the_o army_n five_o year_n and_o ten_o out_o of_o the_o commohalty_n such_o as_o have_v make_v ten_o campagnes_n the_o former_a they_o call_v tribuni_fw-la juniores_fw-la the_o latter_a seniores_fw-la the_o consul_n have_v agree_v on_o a_o levy_n as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n they_o usual_o do_v every_o year_n they_o issue_v out_o a_o edict_n command_v all_o person_n who_o have_v reach_v the_o military_a age_n about_o seventeen_o year_n to_o appear_v common_o in_o the_o capitol_n or_o in_o the_o area_n before_o the_o capitol_n as_o the_o most_o sacred_a and_o august_a place_n on_o such_o a_o day_n the_o people_n be_v come_v together_o and_o the_o consul_n who_o preside_v in_o the_o assembly_n have_v take_v their_o seat_n in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o four_o and_o twenty_o tribune_n be_v dispose_v of_o according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o legion_n they_o design_v to_o make_v up_o which_o be_v general_o four_n the_o junior_a tribune_n be_v assign_v four_o to_o the_o first_o legion_n three_o to_o the_o second_o four_o to_o the_o three_o and_o three_o to_o the_o last_o the_o senior_z tribunes_z two_o to_o the_o first_o legion_n and_o the_o three_o three_o to_o the_o second_o and_o the_o last_o after_o this_o every_o tribe_n be_v call_v out_o by_o lot_n be_v order_v to_o divide_v into_o their_o proper_a century_n out_o of_o each_o century_n be_v the_o soldier_n cite_v by_o name_n with_o respect_n have_v to_o their_o estate_n and_o class_n for_o which_o purpose_n there_o be_v table_n ready_a at_o hand_n in_o which_o the_o name_n age_n and_o wealth_n of_o every_o person_n be_v exact_o describe_v four_o man_n as_o much_o alike_o in_o all_o circumstance_n as_o can_v be_v pitch_v upon_o be_v present_v out_o of_o the_o century_n first_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o first_o legion_n choose_v one_o then_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o second_o another_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o
a_o review_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o augustus_n particular_o restore_v the_o old_a custom_n of_o the_o transvectio_fw-la which_o have_v before_o be_v discontinue_v for_o some_o time_n chap._n iii_o the_o military_a oath_n and_o the_o levy_n of_o the_o confederate_n the_o levy_n be_v finish_v the_o tribune_n of_o every_o legion_n choose_v out_o one_o who_o they_o think_v the_o fit_a person_n and_o give_v he_o a_o solemn_a oath_n at_o large_a the_o substance_n of_o which_o be_v that_o he_o shall_v oblige_v himself_o to_o obey_v the_o commander_n in_o all_o thing_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n be_v ready_a to_o attend_v whenever_o they_o order_v his_o appearance_n and_o never_o to_o leave_v the_o army_n but_o by_o their_o consent_n after_o he_o have_v end_v the_o whole_a legion_n pass_v one_o by_o one_o every_o man_n in_o short_a swear_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n cry_v as_o he_o go_v by_o idem_fw-la in_o i_o this_o and_o some_o other_o oath_n be_v so_o essential_a to_o the_o military_a state_n that_o juvenal_n use_v the_o word_n sacramenta_fw-la for_o milites_fw-la or_o militia_n sat._n 16._o praemia_fw-la nune_n alia_fw-la atque_fw-la alia_fw-la emolumenta_fw-la notemus_fw-la sacramentorum_fw-la as_o to_o the_o raise_v the_o confederate_a troop_n polybius_n inform_v we_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o the_o levy_n be_v make_v in_o rome_n the_o consul_n give_v notice_n to_o the_o city_n of_o the_o ally_n in_o italy_n intimate_v the_o number_n of_o force_n they_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o borrow_v of_o they_o together_o with_o the_o time_n and_o place_n when_o and_o where_o they_o will_v have_v they_o make_v their_o rendezvous_n the_o state_n according_o convene_v their_o man_n and_z choose_v out_o their_o desire_a number_n give_v they_o a_o oath_n and_o assign_v they_o a_o commander_n in_o chief_a and_o a_o paymaster_n general_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o polybius_n all_o italy_n be_v indeed_o subject_a to_o the_o roman_n yet_o no_o state_n or_o people_n in_o it_o have_v be_v reduce_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o province_n retain_v for_o the_o generality_n their_o old_a governor_n and_o law_n and_o be_v term_v secii_fw-la or_o confederate_n but_o after_o all_o the_o italian_n be_v not_o only_o divide_v into_o separate_a province_n but_o afterward_o honour_v with_o the_o jus_o civitatis_fw-la the_o name_n of_o sociâ—_n cease_v all_o the_o native_n of_o italy_n be_v account_v roman_n and_o therefore_o instead_o of_o the_o social_a troop_n the_o auxilia_fw-la be_v afterward_o procure_v which_o be_v careful_o to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o former_a they_o be_v send_v by_o foreign_a state_n and_o prince_n at_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o roman_a senate_n or_o general_n and_o be_v allow_v a_o set_a pay_n from_o the_o republic_n whereas_o the_o socii_fw-la receive_v no_o consideration_n for_o their_o service_n but_o a_o distribution_n of_o corn._n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o evocati_fw-la the_o most_o eminent_a degree_n of_o soldier_n be_v the_o evocati_fw-la take_v as_o well_o out_o of_o ally_n as_o citizen_n out_o of_o horse_n as_o foot_n not_o by_o force_n but_o at_o the_o request_n and_o entreaty_n of_o the_o consul_n or_o other_o officer_n for_o which_o purpose_n letter_n be_v common_o dispatch_v to_o every_o particular_a man_n who_o they_o design_v thus_o to_o invite_v into_o their_o service_n these_o be_v old_a experience_a soldier_n and_o general_o such_o as_o have_v serve_v out_o their_o legal_a time_n or_o have_v receive_v particular_a mark_n of_o favour_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o their_o valour_n on_o which_o account_n they_o be_v style_v emeriti_fw-la and_o beneficiarii_fw-la searce_v any_o war_n be_v undertake_v but_o a_o great_a number_n of_o these_o be_v invite_v into_o the_o army_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v reckon_v almost_o equal_a with_o the_o centurion_n in_o the_o field_n they_o usual_o guard_v the_o chief_a standard_n be_v excuse_v from_o all_o the_o military_a drudgery_n of_o stand_v on_o the_o watch_n labour_v in_o the_o work_n and_o other_o servile_a employment_n the_o emperor_n galba_n give_v the_o same_o name_n of_o evocati_fw-la to_o a_o select_a band_n of_o young_a gentleman_n of_o the_o equestrian_a rank_n who_o he_o keep_v as_o a_o guard_n to_o his_o palace_n 10._o palace_n suâ—ton_n in_o galb_n cap._n 10._o chap._n v._o the_o several_a kind_n of_o the_o roman_a foot_n and_o their_o division_n into_o manipuli_fw-la cohort_n and_o legion_n the_o whole_a roman_a infantry_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o sort_n velite_n hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n the_o velite_n be_v common_o some_o of_o the_o tyro_n or_o young_a soldier_n of_o mean_a condition_n and_o light_o arm_v they_o have_v their_o name_n à _fw-la volando_fw-la or_o à _fw-la velocitate_fw-la from_o their_o swiftness_n and_o expedition_n they_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v divide_v into_o any_o distinct_a body_n or_o company_n but_o to_o have_v hover_v in_o loose_a order_n before_o the_o army_n the_o hastati_fw-la be_v so_o call_v because_o they_o use_v in_o ancient_a time_n to_o fight_v with_o spear_n which_o be_v afterward_o lay_v aside_o as_o incommodious_a these_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o next_o in_o age_n to_o the_o velite_n the_o principes_fw-la be_v general_o man_n of_o middle_a age_n and_o of_o great_a vigour_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o before_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la they_o use_v to_o begin_v the_o fight_n whence_o they_o borrow_a their_o name_n the_o triarii_n be_v common_o veteran_n or_o hardy_a old_a soldier_n of_o long_a experience_n and_o approve_a valour_n they_o have_v their_o name_n from_o their_o position_n be_v marshal_v in_o the_o three_o place_n as_o the_o main_a strength_n and_o hope_n of_o their_o party_n they_o be_v sometime_o call_v pilarii_n from_o their_o weapon_n the_o pila_fw-la every_o one_o of_o these_o grand_a division_n except_o the_o velite_n compose_v thirty_o manipuli_fw-la or_o company_n every_o manipulus_fw-la make_v two_o century_n or_o ordines_fw-la three_o manipuli_fw-la one_o of_o the_o hastati_fw-la another_o of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o a_o three_o of_o the_o triarii_n compose_v a_o cohort_n among_o these_o one_o be_v fill_v with_o some_o of_o the_o choice_a soldier_n and_o officer_n obtain_v the_o honourable_a title_n of_o prima_fw-la cohors_fw-la we_o meet_v too_o with_o the_o praetoria_n cohors_fw-la institute_v by_o scipio_n numantinus_n select_v for_o the_o most_o part_n out_o of_o the_o evocati_fw-la or_o reformade_n and_o oblige_v only_o to_o attend_v on_o the_o praetor_n or_o general_n and_o this_o give_v original_a to_o the_o praetoriani_fw-la the_o lifeguard_n of_o the_o emperor_n ten_o cohort_n make_v up_o a_o legion_n the_o exact_a number_n of_o foot_n in_o such_o a_o battalion_n romulus_n fix_v at_o three_o thousand_o though_o plutarch_n assure_v we_o that_o after_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o sabine_n into_o rome_n he_o increase_v it_o to_o six_o thousand_o the_o common_a number_n afterward_o in_o the_o first_o time_n of_o the_o free_a state_n be_v four_o thousand_o in_o the_o war_n with_o hannibal_n it_o arise_v to_o five_o thousand_o after_o this_o it_o be_v probable_a they_o sink_v to_o about_o four_o thousand_o or_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o again_o which_o be_v the_o number_n in_o the_o time_n of_o polybius_n in_o the_o age_n of_o julius_n caesar_n we_o do_v find_v any_o legion_n exceed_v the_o polybian_a number_n of_o man_n and_o he_o himself_o express_o speak_v of_o two_o legion_n that_o do_v not_o make_v above_o seven_o thousand_o between_o they_o â—_o they_o commentar_n lib._n 5._o â—_o the_o number_n of_o legion_n keep_v in_o pay_n together_o be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o various_a time_n and_o occasion_n during_o the_o free_a state_n four_o legion_n be_v common_o fit_v up_o every_o year_n and_o divide_v between_o the_o two_o consul_n yet_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o no_o less_o than_o sixteen_o or_o eighteen_o in_o livy_n augustus_n maintain_v a_o stand_a army_n of_o twenty_o three_o or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o of_o twenty_o five_o legion_n but_o in_o aftertime_n we_o seldom_o find_v so_o many_o they_o borrow_a their_o name_n from_o the_o order_n in_o which_o they_o be_v raise_v as_o prima_fw-la secunda_fw-la tertia_fw-la but_o because_o it_o usual_o happen_v that_o there_o be_v several_a primae_fw-la secundae_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o several_a place_n upon_o that_o account_n they_o take_v a_o sort_n of_o surname_n beside_o either_o from_o the_o emperor_n who_o first_o constitute_v they_o as_o augusta_n claudiana_n galbiana_n flavia_n vlpia_n trajana_n antoniana_n or_o from_o the_o province_n which_o have_v be_v conquer_v chief_o by_o their_o valour_n as_o parthica_n scythica_n gallica_n arabica_n etc._n etc._n or_o from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o particular_a deity_n for_o who_o their_o commander_n have_v a_o especial_a honour_n
viridomarus_n king_n of_o the_o gaul_n whence_o virgil_n say_v of_o he_o aeneid_n 6._o tertiaque_fw-la arma_fw-la patri_fw-la suspendet_fw-la capta_fw-la quirino_n where_o quirino_n must_v be_v understand_v only_o as_o a_o epithet_n apply_v to_o jupiter_n as_o denote_v his_o authority_n and_o power_n in_o war_n as_o the_o same_o word_n be_v attribute_v to_o janus_n by_o horace_n and_o sueton._n therefore_o servius_n be_v most_o certain_o guilty_a of_o a_o mistake_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o first_o spoil_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v according_a to_o numa_n law_n to_o be_v present_v to_o jupiter_n the_o second_o to_o mars_n and_o the_o three_o to_o quirinus_n or_o romulus_n for_o that_o decree_n of_o numa_n only_o take_v place_n if_o the_o same_o person_n have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o take_v these_o spoil_n three_o time_n but_o we_o be_v assure_v that_o not_o only_a romulus_n but_o cossus_n and_o marcellus_n too_o all_o make_v the_o dedication_n to_o jupiter_n the_o admirer_n of_o the_o roman_a magnificence_n will_v be_v infinite_o please_v with_o the_o relation_n already_o give_v from_o plutarch_n of_o the_o triumphal_a pomp_n while_o other_o who_o fancy_n that_o people_n to_o have_v be_v possess_v with_o a_o strange_a measure_n of_o vainglory_n and_o attribute_v all_o their_o military_a state_n and_o grandeur_n to_o a_o ambition_n ostentation_n will_v be_v much_o better_o satisfy_v with_o the_o satirical_a account_n which_o juvenal_n furnish_v we_o with_o in_o his_o ten_o satyr_n he_o be_v say_v that_o democritus_n find_v subject_a enough_o for_o a_o continual_a fit_a of_o laughter_n in_o place_n where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o formal_a pageantry_n as_o be_v common_o to_o be_v see_v in_o rome_n and_o then_o he_o go_v on_o quid_fw-la si_fw-la vidisset_fw-la praetorem_fw-la curribus_fw-la altis_fw-la extantem_fw-la &_o medio_fw-la sublimem_fw-la in_o pulvere_fw-la circi_fw-la in_o tunicâ_fw-la jovis_n &_o pictae_fw-la sarrana_n ferentem_fw-la exit_fw-la humeris_fw-la aulaea_fw-la togae_fw-la magnaeque_fw-la coronae_fw-la tantum_n orbem_fw-la quanto_fw-la cervix_fw-la non_fw-la sufficit_fw-la ulla_fw-la quip_n tenet_fw-la sudans_fw-la hanc_fw-la publicus_fw-la &_o sibi_fw-la consul_n ni_fw-fr placeat_fw-la curru_fw-la servus_n portatur_fw-la eodem_fw-la dam_fw-la nunc_fw-la &_o volucrem_fw-la sceptro_fw-la quae_fw-la surgit_fw-la eburno_fw-la illinc_fw-la cornicine_n hinc_fw-la praecedentia_fw-la longi_fw-la agminis_fw-la officia_fw-la &_o niveos_fw-la ad_fw-la fraena_fw-la quirite_n defossa_fw-la in_o loculis_fw-la quos_fw-la sportula_fw-la fecit_fw-la amicos_fw-la what_o have_v he_o do_v have_v he_o behold_v on_o high_a our_o consul_n seat_v in_o mock-majesty_n his_o chariot_n roll_a over_o the_o dusty_a place_n while_o with_o dumb_a pride_n and_o a_o set_v formal_a face_n he_o move_v in_o the_o dull_a ceremonial_a track_n with_o jove_n embroider_v coat_n upon_o his_o back_n a_o suit_n of_o hanging_n have_v not_o more_o oppress_v his_o shoulder_n than_o that_o long_o laborious_a vest_n a_o heavy_a gugaw_n call_v a_o crown_n that_o spread_v about_o his_o temple_n drown_v his_o narrow_a head_n and_o will_v have_v crush_v it_o with_o the_o massy_a freight_n but_o that_o a_o sweat_a slave_n sustain_v the_o weight_n a_o slave_n in_o the_o same_o chariot_n see_v to_o ride_v to_o mortify_v the_o mighty_a mad-man_n pride_n and_o now_o the_o imperial_a eagle_n raise_v on_o high_a with_o golden_a beak_n the_o mark_n of_o majesty_n trumpet_n before_o and_o on_o the_o left_a and_o right_a a_o cavalcade_n of_o noble_n all_o in_o white_a in_o their_o own_o nature_n false_a and_o flatter_a tribe_n but_o make_v his_o friend_n by_o place_n and_o by_o bribe_n mr._n dryden_n chap._n xvii_o the_o roman_a way_n of_o declare_v war_n and_o of_o make_v league_n the_o roman_n use_v abundance_n of_o superstition_n in_o enter_v upon_o any_o hostility_n or_o close_v in_o any_o league_n or_o confederacy_n the_o public_a minister_n who_o perform_v the_o ceremonial_a part_n of_o both_o these_o be_v the_o feciale_n or_o herald_n already_o describe_v among_o the_o priest_n nothing_o remain_v but_o the_o ceremony_n themselves_o which_o be_v of_o this_o nature_n when_o any_o neighbour_a state_n have_v give_v sufficient_a reason_n for_o the_o senate_n to_o suspect_v a_o design_n of_o break_v with_o they_o or_o have_v offer_v any_o violence_n or_o injustice_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v enough_o to_o give_v they_o the_o repute_n of_o enemy_n one_o of_o the_o feciale_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o college_n on_o this_o occasion_n and_o habit_v in_o the_o vest_n belong_v to_o his_o order_n together_o with_o his_o other_o ensign_n and_o habiliment_n set_v forward_o for_o the_o enemy_n country_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o reach_v the_o confine_n he_o pronounce_v a_o formal_a declaration_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o arrival_n call_v all_o the_o god_n to_o witness_v and_o imprecate_v the_o divine_a vengeance_n on_o himself_o and_o his_o country_n if_o his_o reason_n be_v not_o just_a when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o enemy_n he_o again_o repeat_v the_o same_o declaration_n with_o some_o addition_n and_o withal_o desire_a satisfaction_n if_o they_o deliver_v into_o his_o power_n the_o author_n of_o the_o injury_n or_o give_v hostage_n for_o security_n he_o return_v satisfy_v to_o rome_n if_o otherwise_o they_o desire_v time_n to_o consider_v he_o go_v away_o for_o ten_o day_n and_o then_o come_v again_o to_o hear_v their_o resolution_n and_o this_o he_o do_v in_o some_o case_n three_o time_n but_o if_o nothing_o be_v do_v towards_o a_o accommodation_n in_o about_o thirty_o day_n he_o declare_v that_o the_o roman_n will_v endeavour_v to_o assert_v their_o right_n by_o their_o arms._n after_o this_o the_o herald_n be_v oblige_v to_o return_v and_o to_o make_v a_o true_a report_n of_o his_o embassy_n before_o the_o senate_n assure_v they_o of_o the_o legality_n of_o the_o war_n which_o they_o be_v now_o consult_v to_o undertake_v and_o be_v then_o again_o dispatch_v to_o perform_v the_o last_o part_n of_o the_o ceremony_n which_o be_v to_o throw_v a_o spear_n into_o or_o towards_z the_o enemy_n country_n in_o token_n of_o defiance_n and_o as_o a_o summons_n to_o war_n pronounce_v at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o set_a form_n of_o word_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n as_o to_o the_o make_n of_o league_n polybins_n acquaint_v we_o that_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o article_n of_o a_o agreement_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v perform_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o carthaginian_n swear_v by_o the_o god_n of_o their_o country_n and_o the_o roman_n after_o their_o ancient_a custom_n swear_v by_o a_o stone_n and_o then_o by_o mars_n they_o swear_v by_o a_o stone_n thus_o the_o herald_n who_o take_v the_o oath_n have_v swear_v in_o behalf_n of_o the_o public_a take_v up_o a_o stone_n and_o then_o pronounce_v these_o word_n if_o i_o keep_v my_o faith_n may_v the_o god_n vouchsafe_v their_o assistance_n and_o give_v i_o success_n if_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o violate_v it_o then_o may_v the_o other_o party_n be_v entire_o safe_a and_o preserve_v in_o their_o country_n in_o their_o law_n in_o their_o possession_n and_o in_o a_o word_n in_o all_o their_o right_n and_o liberty_n and_o may_v i_o perish_v and_o fall_v alone_o as_o now_o this_o stone_n do_v and_o then_o he_o let_v the_o stone_n fall_v out_o of_o his_o hand_n 3._o hand_n polyb._n lib._n 3._o livy_n account_n of_o the_o like_a ceremony_n be_v something_o more_o particular_a yet_o differ_v little_a in_o substance_n only_o that_o he_o say_v the_o herald_n conclude_a clause_n be_v otherwise_o may_v jove_n strike_v the_o roman_a people_n as_o i_o do_v this_o hog_n and_o according_o he_o kill_v a_o hog_n that_o stand_v ready_a by_o with_o the_o stone_n which_o he_o hold_v in_o his_o hand_n this_o last_o opinion_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o virgil_n when_o speak_v of_o the_o roman_n and_o albanian_o he_o say_v et_fw-la caesâ_fw-la jungebant_fw-la foedera_fw-la porcâ_fw-la and_o perhaps_o both_o these_o custom_n may_v be_v in_o use_n at_o different_a time_n chap._n xviii_o the_o roman_a method_n of_o treat_v the_o people_n they_o conquer_v with_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o coloniae_fw-la municipia_fw-la praefecturae_fw-la and_o province_n the_o civil_a usage_n and_o extraordinary_a favour_n with_o which_o the_o roman_n oblige_v the_o poor_a conquer_a nation_n have_v be_v reasonable_o esteem_v one_o of_o the_o prime_a cause_n of_o the_o extent_n of_o their_o dominion_n and_o the_o establishment_n of_o their_o command_n yet_o when_o they_o see_v occasion_n they_o be_v not_o to_o seek_v in_o severe_a method_n such_o as_o the_o seize_v on_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o enemy_n land_n or_o remove_v the_o native_n to_o another_o soil_n if_o a_o state_n or_o people_n have_v be_v necessitate_v to_o surrender_v themselves_o into_o the_o roman_a power_n they_o use_v sub_fw-la jugum_fw-la mitti_fw-la
the_o emperor_n the_o ludi_fw-la quinquennales_fw-la institute_v by_o augustus_n caesar_n after_o his_o victory_n against_o anthony_n which_o resolve_v to_o deliver_v famous_a to_o succeed_a age_n he_o build_v the_o city_n nicopolis_n near_o actium_n the_o place_n of_o battle_n on_o purpose_n to_o hold_v these_o game_n whence_o they_o be_v often_o call_v ludi_fw-la actiaci_n they_o consist_v of_o show_n of_o gladiator_n wrestler_n and_o other_o exercise_n and_o be_v keep_v as_o well_o at_o rome_n as_o at_o nicopolis_n the_o proper_a curator_n of_o they_o be_v the_o four_o college_n of_o priest_n the_o pontifices_fw-la the_o augur_n the_o septemviri_fw-la and_o the_o quindecemviri_fw-la virgil_n in_o allusion_n to_o this_o custom_n when_o he_o bring_v his_o hero_n to_o the_o promontory_n of_o actium_n make_v he_o hold_v solemn_a game_n with_o the_o lustration_n and_o sacrifice_n use_v on_o that_o occasion_n by_o the_o roman_n lustramurque_fw-la jovi_fw-la votisque_fw-la incendimus_fw-la arras_n actiaque_fw-la iliacis_n celebramus_fw-la littora_fw-la ludio_n aen._n 3._o nero_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o grecian_n institute_v quinquennial_a game_n at_o which_o the_o most_o celebrate_a master_n of_o music_n horse-racing_a wrestle_a etc._n etc._n dispute_v for_o the_o prize_n 12._o prize_n sueton_n ner._n 12._o the_o same_o exercise_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o quinquennial_a game_n of_o domitian_n dedicate_v to_o jupiter_n capitolinus_n together_o with_o the_o contention_n of_o orator_n and_o poet_n 4._o poet_n idem_fw-la domit._n 4._o at_o which_o the_o famous_a statius_n have_v once_o the_o ill_a fortune_n to_o lose_v the_o prize_n as_o he_o complain_v several_a time_n in_o his_o miscellany_n poem_n ludi_fw-la decennales_fw-la or_o game_n to_o return_v every_o ten_o year_n be_v institute_v by_o augustus_n with_o this_o political_a design_n to_o secure_v the_o whole_a command_n to_o himself_o without_o incur_v the_o envy_n or_o jealousy_n of_o the_o people_n for_o every_o ten_o year_n proclaim_v solemn_a sport_n and_o so_o gather_v together_o a_o numerous_a company_n of_o spectator_n he_o there_o make_v a_o solemn_a proffer_n of_o resign_v his_o imperial_a office_n to_o the_o people_n though_o he_o immediate_o resume_v it_o as_o if_o continue_a to_o he_o by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o nation_n 53._o nation_n dio._n lib._n 53._o hence_o a_o custom_n be_v derive_v for_o the_o succeed_a emperor_n every_o ten_o year_n of_o their_o reign_n to_o keep_v a_o magnificent_a feast_n with_o the_o celebration_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o public_a sport_n and_o exercise_n ibid._n exercise_n ibid._n the_o ludi_fw-la triumphales_fw-la be_v such_o game_n as_o make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o triumphal_a solemnity_n ludi_fw-la natalitii_fw-la institute_v by_o every_o particular_a emperor_n to_o commemorate_v his_o own_o birthday_n ludi_fw-la juvenile_n institute_v by_o nero_n at_o the_o shave_n of_o his_o beard_n and_o at_o first_o private_o celebrate_v in_o his_o palace_n or_o garden_n but_o they_o soon_o become_v public_a and_o be_v keep_v with_o great_a state_n and_o magnificence_n hence_o the_o game_n hold_v by_o the_o follow_a emperor_n in_o the_o palace_n yearly_a on_o the_o first_o of_o january_n take_v the_o name_n of_o juvenilia_fw-la 〈…〉_o juvenilia_fw-la sueton._n nâ—r._n 11._o 〈…〉_o cicero_n speak_v of_o the_o ludi_fw-la juventutis_fw-la institute_v by_o salinator_n in_o the_o senensian_a war_n for_o the_o health_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o youth_n a_o plague_n then_o reign_v in_o the_o city_n â—â—â—â—o_o city_n in_o â—â—â—â—o_o the_o ludi_fw-la miscelli_fw-la which_o suetonius_n make_v caligula_n to_o have_v institute_v at_o lion_n in_o france_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o miscellany_n of_o sport_n consist_v of_o several_a exercise_n join_v together_o in_o a_o new_a and_o a_o unusual_a manner_n alloâ—_n manner_n sueton._n câ—iâ—g_n 20._o tâ—rrâ—â—â—_n alloâ—_n the_o ludifunebre_n assign_v for_o one_o species_n of_o the_o roman_a public_a game_n as_o to_o their_o original_n and_o manner_n have_v be_v already_o describe_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o gladiator_n it_o may_v be_v proper_a to_o observe_v far_o that_o tertullian_n in_o his_o particular_a tract_n de_fw-fr spectaculis_fw-la as_o he_o derive_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o gladiatorian_a combat_n from_o the_o funeral_n rite_n so_o he_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o word_n munus_fw-la apply_v original_o to_o these_o show_n be_v no_o more_o than_o officium_fw-la a_o kind_a office_n to_o the_o dead_a we_o must_v remember_v too_o that_o though_o the_o show_n of_o gladiator_n which_o take_v their_o rise_n from_o hence_o be_v afterward_o exhibit_v on_o many_o other_o occasion_n yet_o the_o primitive_a custom_n of_o present_v they_o at_o the_o funeral_n of_o great_a man_n all_o along_o prevail_v in_o the_o city_n and_o roman_a province_n nor_o be_v it_o confine_v only_o to_o person_n of_o quality_n but_o almost_o every_o rich_a man_n be_v honour_v with_o this_o solemnity_n after_o his_o death_n and_o this_o they_o very_o common_o provide_v for_o in_o their_o will_n define_v the_o number_n of_o gladiator_n who_o shall_v be_v hire_v to_o engage_v in_o so_o much_o that_o when_o any_o wealth_n person_n decease_v the_o people_n use_v to_o claim_v a_o show_n of_o gladiator_n as_o their_o due_n by_o long_a custom_n suetonius_n to_o this_o purpose_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o funeral_n in_o which_o the_o common_a people_n extort_a money_n by_o force_n from_o the_o decease_a person_n be_v heir_n to_o be_v expend_v on_o this_o account_n 37._o account_n suet._n tib._n 37._o julius_n caesar_n bring_v up_o a_o new_a custom_n of_o allow_v this_o honour_n to_o the_o woman_n when_o he_o oblige_v the_o people_n with_o a_o feast_n and_o a_o public_a show_n in_o memory_n of_o his_o daughter_n 26._o daughter_n idem_fw-la jul._n 26._o it_o be_v very_o memorable_a that_o though_o the_o exhibiter_n of_o these_o show_n be_v private_a person_n yet_o during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o celebration_n they_o be_v consider_v as_o of_o the_o high_a rank_n and_o quality_n have_v the_o honour_n to_o wear_v the_o praetexta_fw-la and_o to_o be_v wait_v on_o by_o the_o lictor_n and_o beadle_n who_o be_v necessary_a to_o keep_v the_o people_n in_o order_n and_o to_o assist_v the_o designatores_fw-la or_o marshaller_n of_o the_o procession_n 8._o procession_n kirckman_n de_fw-fr funer_n rom._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 8._o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o roman_a habit._n the_o roman_a habit_n have_v give_v as_o much_o trouble_n to_o the_o critic_n as_o any_o other_o part_n of_o antiquity_n and_o though_o the_o most_o learned_a man_n have_v be_v so_o kind_a as_o to_o leave_v we_o their_o thought_n on_o this_o subject_a yet_o the_o matter_n be_v not_o full_o explain_v and_o the_o controversy_n about_o it_o admit_v of_o no_o decision_n however_o without_o inquire_v into_o the_o several_a fashion_n of_o the_o roman_n or_o define_v the_o exact_a time_n when_o they_o first_o change_v their_o leathern_a jerkin_n and_o their_o primitive_a hide_n of_o wild_a beast_n for_o the_o more_o decent_a and_o graceful_a attire_n it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o the_o present_a design_n to_o observe_v the_o several_a sort_n of_o garment_n in_o use_n with_o both_o sex_n and_o to_o give_v the_o best_a distinction_n of_o they_o that_o can_v be_v find_v out_o at_o this_o distance_n the_o two_o common_a and_o celebrate_a garment_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o toga_fw-la and_o the_o tunica_n the_o toga_fw-la or_o gown_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v of_o a_o semicircular_a form_n without_o sleeve_n different_a in_o largeness_n according_a to_o the_o wealth_n or_o poverty_n of_o the_o wearer_n and_o use_v only_o upon_o occasion_n of_o appear_v in_o public_a whence_o it_o be_v often_o call_v vestis_fw-la forensis_fw-la 28._o forensis_fw-la feriar_fw-la de_fw-mi re_fw-mi vestiar_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 28._o the_o colour_n of_o the_o gown_n be_v general_o believe_v to_o have_v be_v white_a the_o common_a objection_n against_o this_o opinion_n be_v how_o it_o can_v then_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o toga_fw-la candida_fw-la use_v by_o competitor_n for_o office_n or_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o we_o read_v particular_o of_o their_o wear_n white_a gown_n on_o holiday_n and_o public_a festival_n as_o in_o horace_n ille_fw-la repotia_fw-la natales_fw-la aliosque_fw-la dierum_fw-la festos_fw-la albatus_fw-la celebret_fw-la 2._o celebret_fw-la lib._n 2._o sat._n 2._o if_o their_o ordinary_a gown_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n but_o both_o these_o scruple_n be_v easy_o solve_v for_o between_o the_o toga_fw-la alba_n and_o candida_n we_o may_v apprehend_v this_o difference_n that_o the_o former_a be_v the_o natural_a colour_n of_o the_o wool_n and_o the_o other_o a_o artificial_a white_a which_o appear_v with_o a_o great_a advantage_n of_o lustre_n and_o therefore_o polybius_n choose_v rather_o to_o call_v the_o candidate_n gown_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d than_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d not_o of_o a_o bare_a white_a but_o of_o a_o bright_a shine_a colour_n
one_o shall_v sow_v a_o coat_n in_o this_o manner_n that_o one_o side_n shall_v have_v a_o broad_a galoon_n and_o the_o other_o a_o narrow_a one_o neither_o part_n have_v any_o thing_n proper_o answer_v to_o it_o as_o to_o the_o name_n of_o the_o clavi_fw-la he_o think_v there_o need_v no_o far_a reason_n be_v give_v than_o that_o the_o ancient_n call_v any_o thing_n which_o be_v make_v with_o design_n to_o be_v put_v upon_o another_o thing_n clavus_fw-la g_o it_o have_v be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n that_o the_o angusticlave_n distinguish_v the_o knight_n from_o the_o common-people_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o laticlave_n do_v the_o senator_n from_o those_o of_o the_o equestrian_a rank_n but_o rubenius_n averr_v that_o there_o be_v no_o manner_n of_o difference_n between_o the_o tunic_n of_o the_o knight_n and_o those_o of_o the_o commons_o this_o conjecture_n seem_v to_o be_v favour_v by_o appian_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o history_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o slave_n in_o habit_n go_v like_o his_o master_n and_o except_v only_o the_o senator_n robe_n all_o other_o garment_n be_v common_a to_o the_o servant_n and_o pliny_n when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o ring_v distinguish_v the_o equestrian_a order_n from_o the_o common-people_n as_o their_o tunick_n do_v the_o senate_n from_o those_o that_o wear_v the_o ring_n will_v not_o probable_o have_v omit_v the_o other_o distinction_n have_v it_o be_v real_a beside_o both_o these_o authority_n lampridius_n in_o the_o life_n of_o alexander_n severus_n confirm_v the_o present_a assertion_n he_o acquaint_v we_o that_o the_o aforesaid_a emperor_n have_v some_o thought_n of_o assign_v a_o proper_a habit_n to_o servant_n different_a from_o that_o of_o their_o master_n but_o his_o great_a lawyer_n ulpian_n and_o paulus_n dissuade_v he_o from_o the_o project_n as_o what_o will_v infallible_o give_v occasion_n to_o much_o quarrel_v and_o dissension_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a he_o be_v content_v only_o to_o distinguish_v the_o senator_n from_o the_o knight_n by_o their_o clavus_fw-la but_o all_o this_o argument_n will_v come_v to_o nothing_o unless_o we_o can_v clear_v the_o point_n about_o the_o use_n of_o purple_a among_o the_o roman_n which_o the_o civilian_n tell_v we_o be_v strict_o forbid_v the_o common-people_n under_o the_o emperor_n it_o may_v therefore_o be_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o prohibition_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v restrain_v to_o some_o particular_a species_n of_o purple_a 5._o purple_a dacier_n or_o horace_n lib._n 1._o sat._n 5._o thus_o julius_n caesar_n forbid_v the_o use_n of_o the_o conchilian_a garment_n or_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 43._o 〈◊〉_d sueton._n jul._n cap._n 43._o and_o nero_n afterward_o prohibit_v the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o the_o amethystine_a or_o tyrian_a purple_a 32._o purple_a idem_fw-la nero_n cap._n 32._o these_o conjecture_n of_o rubenius_n need_v no_o better_a confirmation_n than_o that_o they_o be_v repeat_v and_o approve_v by_o the_o most_o judicious_a graevius_n 10._o graevius_n ad_fw-la sueton._n jul._n 43._o otho_n 10._o domitian_n 10._o according_a to_o this_o opinion_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o reconcile_v the_o great_a contest_v between_o manutius_n and_o lipsius_n and_o the_o inferior_a critic_n of_o both_o party_n about_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o tunic_a the_o former_a assert_v it_o to_o be_v purple_a and_o the_o other_o white_a for_o it_o be_v evident_a it_o may_v be_v call_v either_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o groundwork_a to_o have_v be_v white_a with_o the_o addition_n of_o these_o purple_a list_n or_o galoon_n as_o to_o the_o person_n who_o have_v the_o honour_n of_o wear_v the_o laticlave_n it_o may_v be_v maintain_v that_o the_o son_n of_o those_o senator_n who_o be_v patritian_n have_v the_o privilege_n of_o use_v this_o vest_n in_o their_o childhood_n together_o with_o the_o praetexta_fw-la but_o the_o son_n of_o such_o senator_n as_o be_v not_o patritian_n do_v not_o put_v on_o the_o laticlave_n till_o they_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o to_o bear_v office_n 23._o office_n see_v pliny_n lib._n 8._o epist_n 23._o yet_o augustus_n change_v this_o custom_n and_o give_v the_o son_n of_o any_o senator_n leave_v to_o assume_v the_o laticlave_n present_o after_o the_o time_n of_o their_o put_n on_o the_o toga_fw-la virilis_n though_o they_o be_v not_o yet_o capable_a of_o honour_n 37._o honour_n sueton._n aug._n cap._n 37._o and_o by_o the_o particular_a favour_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o same_o privilege_n be_v allow_v to_o the_o more_o splendid_a family_n of_o the_o knight_n thus_o ovid_n speak_v of_o himself_o and_o brother_n who_o be_v know_v to_o have_v be_v of_o the_o equestrian_a order_n intereà _fw-la tacito_fw-la passu_fw-la labentibus_fw-la annis_fw-la liberior_fw-la fratri_fw-la sumpta_fw-la mihique_fw-la toga_fw-la induiturque_fw-la humeris_fw-la cum_fw-la lato_n purpura_fw-la clavo_fw-la etc._n etc._n 10._o etc._n tristium_fw-la lib._n 4._o â—leg_n 10._o and_o statius_n of_o metius_n celer_n who_o in_o another_o place_n he_o term_v splendidissimus_fw-la sylvarum_n splendidissimus_fw-la praefat._n ad_fw-la lib._n 3._o sylvarum_n the_o proper_a style_n of_o the_o knight_n pver_fw-la hic_fw-la sudavit_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la notus_fw-la adhuc_fw-la tantùm_fw-la majoris_fw-la munere_fw-la clavi_fw-la 2._o clavi_fw-la sylu._n lib._n 3._o carm_n 2._o beside_o the_o gown_n and_o tunic_n we_o hardly_o meet_v with_o any_o garment_n of_o roman_a original_a or_o that_o deserve_v the_o labour_n of_o a_o enquiry_n into_o their_o difference_n yet_o among_o these_o the_o lacerna_fw-la and_o the_o penula_n occur_v more_o frequent_o than_o any_o other_o in_o the_o old_a gloss_n upon_o persius_n sit_v 1._o verse_n 68_o they_o be_v both_o call_v pallia_fw-la which_o identity_n of_o name_n may_v probable_o arise_v from_o the_o near_a resemblance_n they_o bear_v one_o to_o the_o other_o and_o both_o to_o the_o grecian_a pallium_fw-la the_o lacerna_fw-la be_v first_o use_v in_o the_o camp_n but_o afterward_o admit_v into_o the_o city_n and_o wear_v upon_o their_o gown_n to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o wether_n the_o penula_n be_v sometime_o use_v with_o the_o same_o design_n but_o be_v short_a and_o fit_a for_o expedition_n it_o be_v chief_o wear_v upon_o a_o journey_n 1._o journey_n see_v lip_n elect._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 13._o dr._n holiday_n on_o juvenal_n sat._n 1._o rubenius_n will_v have_v the_o lacerna_fw-la and_o the_o penula_n to_o be_v both_o close-bodied_a kind_n of_o frock_n gird_v about_o in_o the_o middle_a the_o only_a difference_n between_o they_o be_v that_o the_o penulae_fw-la be_v always_o brown_a the_o lacernae_fw-la of_o no_o certain_a colour_n and_o that_o the_o cucullus_fw-la the_o cowl_n or_o hood_n be_v sow_v on_o the_o former_a but_o wear_v as_o a_o distinct_a thing_n from_o the_o other_o 6._o other_o de_fw-fr laticlav_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 6._o but_o ferrarius_fw-la who_o have_v spend_v a_o whole_a book_n in_o animadvert_v on_o that_o author_n wonder_n that_o any_o body_n shall_v be_v so_o ignorant_a as_o not_o to_o know_v these_o two_o garment_n to_o have_v be_v of_o a_o quite_o distinct_a species_n ult_n species_n analect_n de_fw-mi re_fw-mi vest_n cap._n ult_n it_o will_v be_v expect_v that_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o roman_a priest_n shall_v be_v particular_o describe_v but_o we_o have_v no_o certain_a intelligence_n only_o what_o concern_v the_o chief_a of_o they_o the_o augur_n the_o flamen_n and_o the_o pontifices_fw-la the_o augur_n wear_v the_o trabea_n first_o die_v with_o scarlet_a and_o afterward_o with_o purple_a rubenius_n take_v the_o robe_n which_o herod_n in_o derision_n put_v on_o our_o saviour_n to_o have_v be_v of_o this_o nature_n because_o st._n matthew_n call_v it_o scarlet_a and_o st._n luke_n purple_n cicero_n use_v dibaphus_n a_o garment_n twice_o die_v for_o the_o augural_a robe_n 16._o robe_n epist_n famil_n lib._n 2._o epist_n 16._o the_o proper_a robe_n of_o the_o flamen_n be_v the_o laena_n a_o sort_n of_o purple_a chlamys_fw-la or_o almost_o a_o double_a gown_n fasten_v about_o the_o neck_n with_o a_o buckle_n or_o clasp_v it_o be_v interweave_v curious_o with_o gold_n so_o as_o to_o appear_v very_o splendid_a and_o magnificent_a thus_o virgil_n describe_v his_o hero_n in_o this_o habit._fw-la tyrioque_fw-la ardebat_fw-la murice_fw-la laena_fw-la demissa_fw-la ex_fw-la humeris_fw-la dive_v quae_fw-la munera_fw-la dido_n fecerat_fw-la &_o tenui_fw-la telas_fw-la discreverat_fw-la auro_fw-la aen._n 4._o the_o pontiff_n have_v the_o honour_n of_o use_v the_o praetexta_fw-la and_o so_o have_v the_o epulones_n as_o we_o learn_v from_o livy_n lib._n 43._o the_o priest_n be_v remarkable_a for_o their_o modesty_n in_o apparel_n and_o therefore_o they_o make_v use_v only_o of_o the_o common-purple_a never_o affect_v the_o more_o chargeable_a and_o splendid_a thus_o cicero_n vestitus_fw-la asper_fw-la nostrâ_fw-la hâc_fw-la purpurâ_fw-la plebeiâ_fw-la ac_fw-la
fashion_n the_o old_a primitive_a white_n grow_v so_o much_o into_o contempt_n that_o at_o last_o it_o become_v proper_a to_o the_o woman_n for_o their_o mourn_a clothes_n thus_o statius_n in_o the_o tear_n of_o hetruscus_n huc_fw-la vittata_fw-la comam_fw-la niveoque_fw-la insignis_fw-la amictu_fw-la mitibus_fw-la exsequiis_fw-la ades_fw-la and_o though_o it_o may_v with_o some_o reason_n be_v think_v that_o the_o poet_n here_o direct_v his_o speech_n to_o the_o goddess_n piety_n give_v she_o that_o habit_n rather_o as_o a_o mark_n of_o purity_n and_o innocence_n than_o as_o the_o proper_a badge_n of_o grief_n in_o her_o sex_n yet_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v still_o evident_a from_o the_o authority_n of_o plutarch_n who_o state_n this_o subject_a for_o one_o of_o his_o problem_n and_o give_v several_a reason_n for_o the_o practice_n after_o the_o person_n follow_v the_o place_n whither_o the_o procession_n be_v direct_v by_o which_o we_o must_v be_v guide_v in_o our_o next_o enquiry_n in_o all_o the_o funeral_n of_o note_n especial_o in_o the_o public_a or_o indictive_a the_o corpse_n be_v first_o bring_v with_o a_o vast_a train_n of_o follower_n into_o the_o forum_n thus_o horace_n book_n 1._o sat._n 6._o at_o hic_fw-la si_fw-la plostra_fw-la ducenta_fw-la concurrantque_fw-la foro_fw-la tria_fw-la funera_fw-la magna_fw-la sonabit_fw-la cornua_fw-la quod_fw-la vincatque_fw-la tubas_fw-la here_o one_o of_o the_o near_a relation_n ascend_v the_o rostra_fw-la and_z oblige_v the_o audience_n with_o a_o oration_n in_o praise_n of_o the_o decease_a if_o none_o of_o the_o kindred_n undertake_v the_o office_n it_o be_v discharge_v by_o some_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a person_n in_o the_o city_n for_o learning_n and_o eloquence_n as_o appian_n report_v of_o the_o funeral_n of_o sylla_n 1._o sylla_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lib._n 1._o and_o pliny_n the_o young_a reckon_v it_o as_o the_o last_o addition_n to_o the_o happiness_n of_o a_o very_a great_a man_n that_o he_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v praise_v at_o his_o funeral_n by_o the_o most_o eloquent_a tacitus_n than_o consul_n 1._o consul_n lib._n 2._o epist_n 1._o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o quinctilian_n account_v of_o this_o matter_n nam_n &_o funebres_fw-la &c._n &c._n for_o funeral_n oration_n say_v he_o depend_v very_o often_o on_o some_o public_a office_n and_o by_o order_n of_o senate_n be_v many_o time_n give_v in_o charge_n to_o the_o magistrate_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o themselves_o in_o person_n 9_o person_n instiâ—nt_fw-la lib._n 3._o cap._n 9_o the_o invention_n of_o this_o custom_n be_v general_o attribute_v to_o valerius_n poplicola_n soon_o after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o regal_a family_n plutarch_n tell_v we_o that_o honour_v his_o colleague_n obsequy_n with_o a_o funeral_n oration_n it_o so_o please_v the_o roman_n that_o it_o become_v customary_a for_o the_o best_a man_n to_o celebrate_v the_o funeral_n of_o great_a person_n with_o speech_n in_o their_o commendation_n nor_o be_v this_o honour_n proper_a to_o one_o sex_n alone_o for_o livy_n report_v that_o the_o matron_n upon_o account_n of_o make_v a_o collection_n of_o gold_n for_o the_o deliverance_n of_o rome_n from_o the_o gaul_n be_v allow_v as_o a_o signal_n favour_n to_o have_v funeral_n panegyric_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o men._n plutarch_n relation_n of_o this_o matter_n differ_v from_o livy_n only_o in_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o custom_n he_o acquaint_v we_o that_o when_o it_o be_v agree_v after_o the_o take_n of_o veii_n that_o a_o bowl_n of_o massy_a gold_n shall_v be_v make_v and_o send_v to_o delphi_n there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o scarcity_n of_o gold_n and_o the_o magistrate_n so_o puzzle_v in_o consider_v how_o to_o get_v it_o that_o the_o roman_a lady_n meet_v together_o and_o consult_v among_o themselves_o out_o of_o the_o golden_a ornament_n that_o they_o wear_v contribute_v as_o much_o as_o go_v to_o the_o make_v the_o offer_n which_o in_o weight_n come_v to_o eight_o talent_n of_o gold_n the_o senate_n to_o give_v they_o the_o honour_n they_o have_v deserve_v ordain_v that_o funeral_n oration_n shall_v be_v use_v at_o the_o obsequy_n of_o woman_n as_o well_o as_o of_o man_n which_o have_v never_o be_v a_o custom_n before_o but_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o this_o honour_n be_v at_o first_o only_o pay_v to_o age_a matron_n since_o we_o learn_v from_o the_o same_o excellent_a author_n that_o there_o be_v no_o precedent_n of_o any_o funeral_n oration_n on_o a_o young_a woman_n till_o julius_n caesar_n first_o make_v one_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o own_o wife_n cicero_n bruto_fw-la cicero_n in_o bruto_fw-la and_o livy_n 8._o livy_n â—ib_fw-la 8._o complain_v very_o much_o of_o this_o custom_n of_o funeral-speeche_n as_o if_o they_o have_v conduce_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n to_o the_o corruption_n and_o falsify_v of_o history_n for_o it_o be_v ordinary_a on_o these_o occasion_n to_o be_v direct_v more_o by_o the_o precept_n of_o oratory_n than_o by_o the_o true_a matter_n of_o fact_n it_o usual_o happen_v that_o the_o decease_a party_n be_v extol_v on_o the_o account_n of_o several_a noble_a achievement_n to_o which_o he_o have_v no_o just_a pretension_n and_o especial_o when_o they_o come_v to_o inquire_v into_o their_o stock_n and_o original_a as_o be_v customary_a at_o these_o solemnity_n they_o seldom_o fail_v to_o clap_v in_o three_o or_o four_o of_o the_o most_o renown_a person_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o illustrate_v the_o family_n of_o the_o decease_a and_o so_o by_o degree_n well_o nigh_o ruin_v all_o proper_a distinction_n of_o house_n and_o blood_n the_o next_o place_n to_o which_o the_o corpse_n be_v carry_v be_v the_o place_n of_o burn_v and_o burial_n it_o have_v be_v a_o custom_n among_o most_o nation_n to_o appoint_v this_o without_o the_o city_n particular_o among_o the_o jew_n and_o greek_n from_o who_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v derive_v down_o to_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o jew_n bury_v without_o the_o city_n be_v evident_a from_o several_a place_n of_o the_o new_a testament_n thus_o the_o sepulchre_n in_o which_o joseph_n lay_v our_o saviour_n body_n be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n in_o which_o he_o be_v crucify_v 19.41_o crucify_v john_n 19.41_o which_o be_v near_o to_o the_o city_n 19.20_o city_n john_n 19.20_o and_o we_o read_v in_o st._n matthew_n that_o at_o our_o lord_n passion_n the_o grave_n be_v open_v and_o many_o body_n of_o the_o saint_n which_o sleep_v arise_v and_o come_v out_o of_o the_o grave_n after_o his_o resurrection_n and_o go_v into_o the_o holy_a city_n and_o appear_v unto_o many_o 53._o many_o matthew_z 27.52_o and_o 53._o as_o to_o the_o grecian_n servius_n in_o a_o epistle_n to_o tully_n 12._o tully_n famii_n lib._n 4_o epist_n 12._o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o unhappy_a death_n of_o his_o colleague_n marcellus_n which_o fall_v out_o in_o greece_n tell_v he_o that_o he_o can_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n obtain_v leave_n of_o the_o athenian_n to_o allow_v he_o a_o burying-place_n within_o the_o city_n they_o urge_v a_o religious_a restraint_n in_o that_o point_n and_o the_o want_n of_o precedent_n for_o such_o a_o practice_n the_o roman_n follow_v the_o same_o custom_n from_o the_o very_a first_o building_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v afterward_o settle_v in_o a_o law_n by_o the_o decemviri_fw-la and_o often_o revive_v and_o confirm_v by_o several_a late_a constitution_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o ancient_a practice_n may_v be_v resolve_v into_o a_o sacred_a and_o a_o civil_a consideration_n as_o to_o the_o former_a the_o roman_n and_o most_o other_o people_n have_v a_o notion_n that_o whatever_o have_v be_v consecrate_v to_o the_o supernal_a god_n be_v present_o defile_v upon_o the_o touch_n of_o a_o corpse_n or_o even_o by_o bring_v such_o a_o spectacle_n near_o it_o thus_o agellius_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o flamen_n dialis_n may_v not_o on_o any_o account_n enter_v into_o a_o place_n where_o there_o be_v a_o grave_a or_o so_o much_o as_o touch_v a_o dead_a body_n 15._o body_n lib._n 10._o cap._n 15._o and_o if_o the_o pontifex_n maximus_n happen_v to_o praise_v any_o one_o public_o at_o a_o funeral_n he_o have_v a_o veil_n always_o lay_v over_o the_o corpse_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o his_o sight_n as_o dio_n report_v of_o augustus_n 54._o augustus_n lib._n 54._o and_o seneca_n of_o tiberius_n 15._o tiberius_n consolat_a ad_fw-la mar._n cap._n 15._o it_o be_v likely_a that_o this_o may_v be_v borrow_a from_o the_o jewish_a law_n by_o which_o the_o highpriest_n be_v forbid_v to_o use_v the_o ordinary_a sign_n of_o mourn_a or_o to_o go_v in_o to_o any_o dead_a body_n 11._o body_n leviticus_n 21.10_o 11._o the_o civil_a consideration_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v that_o neither_o the_o air_n may_v be_v corrupt_v by_o the_o stench_n of_o putrefy_a body_n nor_o the_o building_n endanger_v
by_o the_o frequency_n of_o funeral_n fire_n the_o place_n then_o appoint_v for_o burial_n without_o the_o city_n be_v either_o private_a or_o public_a the_o private_a place_n be_v the_o field_n or_o garden_n belong_v to_o particular_a family_n hence_o martial_n take_v the_o jest_n in_o one_o of_o his_o epigram_n on_o a_o gentleman_n that_o have_v bury_v abundance_n of_o wife_n septima_fw-la jam_fw-la phileros_n tibi_fw-la conditur_fw-la uxor_fw-la in_o agro_fw-la plus_fw-fr nulli_fw-la phileros_n quà m_fw-la tibi_fw-la reddit_fw-la agre_z if_o it_o be_v possible_a they_o always_o bury_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o field_n or_o garden_n which_o lie_v near_a to_o the_o common_a road_n both_o to_o put_v passenger_n in_o mind_n of_o mortality_n and_o to_o save_v the_o best_a part_n of_o their_o land_n thus_o juvenal_n sat._n 1._o experiar_fw-la quid_fw-la concedatur_fw-la in_o illos_fw-la quorum_fw-la flaminiâ_fw-la tegitur_fw-la cinis_fw-la atque_fw-la latinâ_fw-la and_o we_o have_v scarce_o any_o relation_n of_o a_o bury_v in_o author_n but_o they_o tell_v we_o the_o urn_n be_v lay_v near_o such_o a_o way_n propertius_n be_v very_o carne_a in_o desire_v that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v bury_v after_o this_o ordinary_a custom_n near_o a_o celebrate_a road_n for_o fear_v it_o shall_v disturb_v his_o shade_n dii_fw-la faciant_fw-la mea_fw-la ne_fw-la terrâ_fw-la locet_fw-la ossa_fw-la frequenti_fw-la quà _fw-la facit_fw-la assiduo_fw-la tramite_fw-la vulgus_fw-la iter_fw-la post_fw-la mortem_fw-la tumuli_fw-la sic_fw-la infamantur_fw-la amantum_fw-la i_fw-mi tegat_fw-la arboneâ_fw-la devia_fw-la terra_fw-la comâ_fw-la aut_fw-la humet_fw-la ignotae_fw-la cumulus_fw-la vallatus_fw-la arenae_fw-la non_fw-la juvat_fw-la in_o mediâ_fw-la nomen_fw-la habere_fw-la viâ_fw-la lib._n 3._o eleg._n 15._o the_o public_a bury_v place_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n those_o which_o be_v allot_v to_o the_o poor_a and_o those_o which_o be_v put_v to_o this_o use_v only_o at_o the_o funeral_n of_o great_a person_n the_o former_a be_v the_o puticulae_fw-la or_o puticuli_fw-la without_o the_o esquilian_a gate_n they_o contain_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o ground_n and_o be_v put_v to_o no_o other_o use_v than_o the_o bury_n the_o bone_n and_o ash_n of_o person_n of_o the_o low_a rank_n who_o have_v no_o private_a place_n of_o their_o own_o to_o lay_v the_o corpse_n in_o but_o because_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o bone_n deposit_v here_o infect_v the_o air_n render_v the_o neighbour_a part_n of_o the_o city_n unhealthy_a augustus_n give_v away_o a_o great_a many_o acre_n of_o this_o common_a field_n to_o his_o favourite_n maecenas_n who_o turn_v it_o into_o fine_a garden_n this_o horace_n tell_v we_o at_o large_a book_n 1_o sat._n 8._o huc_fw-la priùs_fw-la angustis_fw-la ejecta_fw-la cadavera_fw-la cellis_fw-la conservus_fw-la vili_fw-la portanda_fw-la locabat_fw-la in_o arca_fw-la hic_fw-la miserae_fw-la plebi_fw-la stabat_fw-la common_a sepulchrum_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o public_a place_n assign_v for_o the_o burial_n of_o great_a person_n be_v common_o the_o campus_n martius_n this_o honour_n can_v not_o be_v procure_v but_o by_o a_o public_a decrec_n of_o senate_n and_o be_v never_o confer_v but_o on_o man_n of_o the_o high_a station_n and_o merit_n thus_o plutarch_n relate_v of_o lucullus_n and_z pompey_z appian_n of_o sylla_n 1._o sylla_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lib._n 1._o suetonius_n of_o drusus_n 1._o drusus_n claud._n cap._n 1._o and_o virgil_n of_o marcellus_n quantus_fw-la ille_fw-la virûm_fw-la magnam_fw-la mavortis_fw-la ad_fw-la urbem_fw-la campus_n aget_fw-la gemitus_fw-la well_fw-mi quae_fw-la tiberine_n videbis_fw-la funera_fw-la cum_fw-la tumulum_fw-la praeterlabere_fw-la recentem_fw-la aen._n 6._o cicero_n in_o his_o nine_o philippic_n report_v that_o servius_n sulpitius_n upon_o account_n of_o his_o many_o signal_n service_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v honour_v with_o a_o public_a sepulchre_n in_o the_o campus_n esquilinus_n 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attestation_n of_o the_o deceas'd_n privilege_n and_o his_o recede_v from_o his_o honour_n and_o then_o the_o body_n be_v remove_v to_o another_o place_n have_v do_v with_o the_o carry_v forth_o we_o come_v to_o the_o act_n of_o burial_n the_o corpse_n be_v bring_v in_o the_o manner_n already_o describe_v without_o the_o city_n if_o they_o design_v to_o burn_v it_o be_v carry_v direct_o to_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n which_o if_o it_o be_v join_v with_o the_o sepulchre_n be_v call_v bustum_fw-la if_o separate_v from_o it_o vstrina_n and_o there_o lay_v on_o the_o rogus_fw-la or_o pyra_n a_o pile_n of_o wood_n prepare_v to_o burn_v it_o on_o this_o pile_n be_v build_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o altar_n differ_v in_o height_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o decease_a thus_o virgil_n in_o the_o funeral_n of_o misenus_n aen._n 6._o aramque_fw-la sepulchri_fw-la congerere_fw-la arboribus_fw-la coeloque_fw-la educere_fw-la certant_fw-la and_o ovid_n 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troop_n so_o as_o to_o put_v they_o to_o a_o very_a disorderly_a flight_n and_o secure_v the_o victory_n to_o the_o roman_n 17._o roman_n saturn_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 17._o the_o people_n sit_v to_o see_v the_o circensian_a play_n all_o crown_v with_o laurel_n the_o gate_n be_v set_v open_a and_o the_o day_n keep_v sacred_a with_o all_o manner_n of_o ceremony_n these_o game_n at_o first_o be_v not_o fix_v but_o keep_v every_o year_n upon_o what_o day_n the_o praetor_n think_v fit_a till_o about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 545._o a_o law_n pass_v to_o seule_fw-fr they_o for_fw-mi ever_o on_o a_o constant_a day_n which_o be_v near_o the_o nones_n of_o july_n this_o alteration_n be_v occasion_v by_o a_o grievous_a plague_n then_o rage_v in_o rome_n which_o they_o think_v might_n in_o some_o measure_n be_v allay_v by_o that_o act_n of_o religion_n 28._o religion_n liv._o lib._n 28._o ludi_n capitolini_n institute_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o jupiter_n capitolinus_n upon_o account_n of_o his_o preserve_v his_o temple_n from_o the_o gaul_n a_o more_o famous_a sort_n of_o capitoline_n game_n be_v bring_v up_o by_o domitian_n to_o be_v hold_v every_o five_o year_n with_o the_o name_n of_o agones_fw-la capitolini_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o grecian_n in_o these_o the_o professor_n of_o all_o sort_n have_v a_o public_a contention_n and_o the_o victor_n be_v crown_v and_o present_v with_o collar_n and_o other_o mark_n of_o honour_n ludi_fw-la romani_fw-la the_o most_o ancient_a game_n institute_v at_o the_o first_o building_n of_o the_o circus_n by_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n hence_o in_o alstrict_n sense_n ludi_fw-la circenses_fw-la be_v often_o use_v to_o signify_v the_o same_o solemnity_n they_o be_v design_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o three_o great_a deity_n jupiter_n juno_n and_o minerva_n it_o be_v worth_a observe_v that_o though_o they_o be_v usual_o call_v circenses_fw-la yet_o in_o livy_n we_o meet_v with_o the_o ludi_fw-la romani_fw-la scenici_fw-la 3._o scenici_fw-la liv._o lib._n 3._o intimate_v that_o they_o be_v celebrate_v with_o new_a sport_n the_o old_a fasti_fw-la make_v they_o to_o be_v keep_v nine_o day_n together_o from_o the_o day_n before_o the_o nones_n to_o the_o day_n before_o the_o ides_n of_o september_n in_o which_o too_o we_o find_v another_o sort_n of_o ludi_fw-la romani_fw-la celebrate_v five_o day_n together_o within_o two_o day_n after_o these_o p._n manutius_n think_v the_o last_o to_o have_v be_v institute_v very_o late_o not_o till_o after_o the_o prosecution_n of_o verres_n by_o cicero_n verrin_n cicero_n p._n manut._n in_o verrin_n ludi_fw-la consvales_fw-la institute_v by_o romulus_n with_o design_n to_o surprise_v the_o sabine_a virgin_n the_o account_n of_o which_o be_v thus_o give_v we_o by_o plutarch_n he_o give_v out_o as_o if_o he_o have_v find_v a_o altar_n of_o a_o certain_a god_n hide_v under_o ground_n the_o god_n they_o call_v consus_n the_o god_n of_o counsel_n this_o be_v proper_o neptune_n the_o inventor_n of_o horse-riding_a for_o the_o altar_n be_v keep_v cover_v in_o the_o great_a circo_fw-la only_o at_o horserace_n than_o it_o appear_v to_o public_a view_n and_o some_o say_v it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o this_o god_n have_v his_o altar_n hide_v under_o ground_n because_o all_o counsel_n ought_v to_o be_v secret_a and_o conceal_v upon_o discovery_n of_o this_o altar_n romulus_n by_o proclamation_n appoint_v a_o day_n for_o a_o splendid_a sacrifice_n and_o for_o public_a game_n and_o show_n to_o entertain_v all_o sort_n of_o people_n and_o many_o flock_v thither_o he_o himself_o sit_v uppermost_a among_o his_o noble_n clad_v in_o purple_a now_o the_o sign_n of_o their_o fall_n on_o be_v to_o be_v whenever_o he_o arise_v and_o gather_v up_o his_o robe_n and_o throw_v it_o over_o his_o body_n his_o man_n stand_v all_o ready_a arm_v with_o their_o eye_n intent_n upon_o he_o and_o when_o the_o sign_n be_v give_v draw_v their_o sword_n and_o fall_v on_o with_o a_o great_a shout_n bear_v away_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o sabine_n they_o themselves_o fly_v without_o any_o let_v or_o hindrance_n these_o game_n be_v celebrate_v yearly_o on_o the_o twelve_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o september_n consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o horserace_n and_o encounter_n in_o the_o circâ—â—s_n ludi_fw-la compitalitii_fw-la so_o call_v from_o the_o compita_fw-la or_o cross-lane_n where_o they_o be_v institute_v and_o celebrate_v by_o the_o rude_a multitude_n that_o be_v get_v together_o before_o the_o build_n of_o rome_n they_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v lay_v down_o for_o many_o year_n till_o servius_n tullius_n revive_v they_o they_o be_v hold_v during_o the_o compitalia_fw-la or_o feast_n of_o the_o lares_fw-la who_o preside_v as_o well_o over_o street_n as_o house_n suetonius_n tell_v we_o that_o augustus_n order_v the_o lar_n to_o be_v crown_v twice_o a_o year_n at_o the_o compitalitian_n game_n with_o spring-flower_n and_o summer-flower_n 58_o summer-flower_n aug._n cap._n 31._o cap_n 58_o this_o crown_v the_o household-god_n and_o offer_v sacrifice_n up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o street_n make_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o solemnity_n of_o the_o feast_n ludi_fw-la augustales_fw-la and_o palatini_n both_o institute_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o augustus_n after_o he_o have_v be_v enroll_v in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o god_n the_o former_a by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o other_o by_o his_o wife_n livia_n which_o be_v always_o celebrate_v in_o the_o palace_n 56._o palace_n die_v lib._n 56._o suct_v colig_n 56._o they_o be_v both_o continue_v by_o the_o succeed_a emperor_n ludi_fw-la saeculares_fw-la the_o most_o remarkable_a game_n that_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o roman_a story_n the_o common_a opinion_n make_v they_o to_o have_v have_v a_o very_a odd_a original_a of_o which_o we_o have_v a_o tedious_a relation_n in_o valerius_n maximus_n 4._o maximus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 4._o of_o the_o ancient_n and_o augelus_fw-la politianus_n mâ—sâ—â—llan_n politianus_n mâ—sâ—â—llan_n of_o the_o modern_n mounseur_fw-fr dacier_n in_o his_o excellent_a remark_n on_o the_o secular_a poem_n of_o horace_n pass_v by_o this_o old_a conceit_n as_o trivial_a and_o fabulous_a and_o assure_v we_o that_o we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o for_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o custom_n than_o to_o the_o sibylline_a oracle_n for_o which_o the_o roman_n have_v so_o great_a a_o esteem_n and_o veneration_n in_o these_o sacred_a write_n there_o be_v one_o famous_a prophecy_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o if_o the_o roman_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o every_o age_n shall_v hold_v solemn_a game_n in_o the_o campus_n martius_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o pluto_n proserpina_n juno_n apollo_n diana_n ceres_n and_o the_o parcae_n or_o three_o fatal_a sister_n their_o city_n shall_v ever_o flourish_v and_o all_o nation_n be_v subject_v to_o their_o dominion_n they_o be_v very_o ready_a to_o obey_v the_o oracle_n and_o
in_o all_o the_o ceremony_n use_v on_o that_o occasion_n conform_v themselves_o to_o its_o direction_n the_o whole_a manner_n of_o the_o solemnity_n be_v as_o follow_v in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o herald_n receive_v order_n to_o make_v a_o invitation_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n to_o come_v to_o a_o feast_n which_o they_o have_v never_o see_v already_o and_o shall_v never_o see_v again_o some_o few_o day_n before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o game_n the_o quindecemviri_fw-la take_v their_o seat_n in_o the_o capitol_n and_o in_o the_o palatine_a temple_n distribute_v among_o the_o people_n parcel_n of_o purify_n stuff_n as_o flambeau_n brimstone_n and_o sulphur_n from_o hence_o the_o people_n pass_v on_o to_o diana_n temple_n on_o the_o aventine_n mountain_n carry_v wheat_n barley_n and_o bean_n as_o a_o offer_n and_o after_o this_o they_o spend_v whole_a night_n in_o devotion_n to_o the_o destiny_n at_o length_n when_o the_o time_n of_o the_o game_n be_v actual_o come_v which_o continue_v three_o day_n and_o three_o night_n the_o people_n assemble_v in_o the_o campus_n martius_n and_o sacrifice_v to_o jupiter_n juno_n apollo_n latona_n diana_n the_o parcae_n ceres_n pluto_n and_o proserpina_n on_o the_o first_o night_n of_o the_o feast_n the_o emperor_n accompany_v by_o the_o quindecemviri_fw-la command_v three_o altar_n to_o be_v raise_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o tiber_n which_o they_o sprinkle_v with_o the_o blood_n of_o three_o lamb_n and_o then_o proceed_v to_o burn_v the_o offering_n and_o the_o victim_n after_o this_o they_o mark_v out_o a_o space_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o theatre_n be_v illuminate_v by_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o flambeau_n and_o fire_n here_o they_o sing_v some_o certain_a hymn_n compose_v on_o this_o occasion_n and_o celebrate_v all_o kind_n of_o sport_n on_o the_o day_n after_o when_o they_o have_v be_v at_o the_o capitol_n to_o offer_v the_o victim_n they_o return_v to_o the_o campus_n martius_n and_o hold_v sport_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o apollo_n and_o diana_n these_o last_v till_o the_o next_o day_n when_o the_o noble_a matron_n at_o the_o hour_n appoint_v by_o the_o oracle_n go_v to_o the_o capitol_n to_o sing_v hymn_n to_o jupiter_n on_o the_o three_o day_n which_o conclude_v the_o feast_n twenty_o seven_o young_a boy_n and_o as_o many_o girl_n sing_v in_o the_o temple_n of_o palatine_n apollo_n hymn_n and_o verse_n in_o greek_a and_o latin_a to_o recommend_v the_o city_n to_o the_o protection_n of_o those_o deity_n who_o they_o design_v particular_o to_o honour_n by_o their_o sacrifice_n the_o famous_a secular_a poem_n of_o horace_n be_v compose_v for_o this_o last_o day_n in_o the_o secular_a game_n hold_v by_o augustus_n dacier_n have_v give_v his_o judgement_n on_o this_o poem_n as_o the_o masterpiece_n of_o horace_n and_o believe_v that_o all_o antiquity_n can_v furnish_v we_o with_o any_o thing_n more_o happy_o complete_a there_o have_v be_v much_o controversy_n whether_o these_o game_n be_v celebrate_v every_o hundred_o or_o every_o hundred_o and_o ten_o year_n for_o the_o former_a opinion_n censorinus_n 17._o censorinus_n de_fw-fr die_fw-fr natali_n cap._n 17._o allege_v the_o testimony_n of_o valerius_n antias_n varro_n and_o livy_n and_o this_o be_v certain_o the_o space_n of_o time_n which_o the_o roman_n call_v saeculum_fw-la or_o a_o age._n for_o the_o latter_a he_o produce_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o register_n or_o commentary_n of_o the_o quindecemviri_fw-la and_o the_o edict_n of_o augustus_n beside_o the_o plain_a evidence_n of_o horace_n in_o his_o secular_a poem_n certus_n undenos_fw-mi decies_fw-la per_fw-la annos_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o last_o space_n be_v express_o enjoin_v by_o the_o sibylline_a oracle_n itself_o the_o verse_n of_o which_o relate_v to_o this_o purpose_n be_v transcribe_v by_o zozimus_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o history_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n yet_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a account_n we_o have_v of_o their_o celebration_n in_o the_o several_a age_n neither_o of_o these_o period_n be_v much_o regard_v the_o first_o be_v hold_v a._n v._o c._n 245._o or_o 298._o the_o second_o a._n 305._o or_o 408._o the_o three_o a._n 518._o the_o four_o either_o a._n 605._o or_o 608._o or_o 628._o the_o five_o by_o augustus_n a._n 736._o the_o six_o by_o claudius_n a._n 800._o the_o seven_o by_o domitian_n a._n 841._o the_o eight_o by_o severus_n a._n 957._o the_o nine_o by_o philip_n a._n 1000_o this_o disorder_n without_o question_n be_v owe_v to_o the_o ambition_n of_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v extreme_o desirous_a to_o have_v the_o honour_n of_o celebrate_v these_o game_n in_o their_o reign_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o slight_a pretence_n many_o time_n make_v they_o return_v before_o their_o ordinary_a course_n thus_o claudius_n pretend_v that_o augustus_n have_v hold_v the_o game_n before_o their_o due_a time_n that_o he_o may_v have_v the_o least_o excuse_n to_o keep_v they_o within_o sixty_o four_o year_n afterward_o on_o which_o account_n suetonius_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o people_n scoff_v his_o crier_n when_o they_o go_v about_o proclaim_v game_n that_o no_o body_n have_v ever_o see_v nor_o will_v see_v again_o whereas_o there_o be_v not_o only_o many_o person_n alive_a who_o remember_v the_o game_n of_o augustus_n but_o several_a player_n who_o have_v act_v in_o those_o game_n be_v now_o again_o bring_v on_o the_o stage_n by_o claudius_n 21._o claudius_n sueton._n claud._n 21._o we_o may_v conclude_v our_o enquiry_n into_o this_o celebrate_a subject_n with_o two_o excellent_a remark_n of_o the_o french_a critic_n the_o first_o be_v that_o in_o the_o number_n three_o so_o much_o regard_v in_o these_o game_n they_o have_v probable_o a_o allusion_n to_o the_o triplicity_n of_o phoebus_n of_o diana_n and_o of_o the_o destiny_n the_o other_o observation_n which_o he_o oblige_v we_o with_o be_v that_o they_o think_v the_o girl_n which_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o bear_v a_o part_n in_o sing_v the_o secular_a poem_n shall_v be_v the_o soon_o marry_v this_o superstition_n they_o borrow_a from_o the_o theology_n of_o the_o grecian_n who_o imagine_v that_o the_o child_n who_o do_v not_o sing_v and_o dance_v at_o the_o come_n of_o apollo_n shall_v never_o be_v marry_v and_o shall_v certain_o die_v young_a to_o this_o purpose_n callimachus_n in_o his_o hymn_n to_o apollo_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o horace_n encourage_v the_o chorus_n of_o girl_n to_o do_v their_o best_a in_o sing_v the_o secular_a poem_n tell_v they_o how_o proud_a they_o will_v be_v of_o it_o when_o they_o be_v well_o marry_v nupta_fw-la jam_fw-la dices_fw-la ego_fw-la diis_fw-la amicum_fw-la seculo_fw-la festas_fw-la referente_fw-la luce_n reddidi_fw-la carmen_fw-la docilis_fw-la modorum_fw-la vatis_fw-la horatî_fw-la all_o those_o game_n of_o what_o sort_n soever_o have_v the_o common_a name_n of_o votivi_fw-la which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o any_o vow_n make_v by_o the_o magistrate_n or_o general_n when_o they_o set_v forward_o on_o any_o expedition_n to_o be_v perform_v in_o case_n they_o return_v successful_a these_o be_v sometime_o occasion_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o sibylline_a oracle_n or_o of_o the_o soothsayer_n and_o many_o time_n proceed_v pure_o from_o a_o principle_n of_o devotion_n and_o piety_n in_o the_o general_n such_o particular_o be_v the_o ludi_fw-la magni_fw-la often_o mention_v in_o historian_n especial_o by_o livy_n thus_o he_o inform_v we_o that_o in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 536._o fabius_n maximus_n the_o dictator_n to_o appease_v the_o anger_n of_o the_o god_n and_o to_o obtain_v success_n against_o the_o carthaginian_a power_n upon_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o sibylline_a oracle_n vow_v the_o great_a game_n to_o jupiter_n with_o a_o prodigious_a sum_n to_o be_v expend_v at_o they_o beside_o three_o hundred_o ox_n to_o be_v sacrifice_v to_o jupiter_n and_o several_a other_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o deity_n 22._o deity_n liv._o lib_n 22._o m._n acilius_n the_o consul_n do_v the_o same_o in_o the_o war_n against_o antiochus_n 36._o antiochus_n idem_fw-la lib._n 36._o and_o we_o have_v some_o example_n of_o these_o game_n be_v make_v quinquennial_n or_o to_o return_v every_o five_o year_n 30._o year_n liv._o lib._n 27._o &_o lib._n 30._o they_o be_v celebrate_v with_o circensian_a sport_n four_o day_n together_o ibid._n together_o ibid._n to_o this_o head_n we_o may_v refer_v the_o ludi_fw-la victoriae_n mention_v by_o vell._n paterculus_n 27._o paterculus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 27._o and_o asconius_n 2._o asconius_n in_o verrâ—â—_n 2._o they_o be_v institute_v by_o sylla_n upon_o his_o conclude_v the_o civil_a war._n it_o seem_v probable_a that_o there_o be_v many_o other_o game_n with_o the_o same_o title_n celebrate_v on_o account_n of_o some_o remarkable_a success_n by_o several_a of_o