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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13572	The strangest aduenture that euer happened: either in the ages passed or present Containing a discourse concerning the successe of the King of Portugall Dom Sebastian, from the time of his voyage into Affricke, when he was lost in the battell against the infidels, in the yeare 1578. vnto the sixt of Ianuary this present 1601. In which discourse, is diuerse curious histories, some auncient prophesies, and other matters, whereby most euidently appeareth: that he whom the Seigneurie of Venice hath held as prisoner for the space of two yeres and twentie two dayes, is the right and true king of Portugall Dom Sebastian. More, a letter that declareth, in what maner he was set at libertie the xv. of December last. And beside, how he parted from Venice and came to Florence. All first done in Spanish, then in French, and novv lastly translated into English.; Adventure admirable, par dessus toutes autres des siecles passez & present. English	Teixeira, José, 1543-1604.; Munday, Anthony, 1553-1633.	1601 (1601)	STC 23864; ESTC S118296	67,947	90

himselfe flatly foyled in the field and out of all hope of making head any more fled to Morocco whence he passed to the mountaines called Montes Claros and by this retraite Muley Maluco made himselfe sole Lord of Barbary By this historie is apparantly to be seene with what small helpe a man may game those kingdomes whereto he hath any right In like manner and with much more ease may king Sebastian recouer his because it appertaines to no other but him for he is true Lord and King thereof From the mountaines Muley Mahamet sent his Embassadors to the king Dom Sebastian and desired succour at his hands making him such large offers as were very profitable and greatly for the aduantage of Christendome He gaue him as I haue learned from diuerse credible persons all the shoares which he held on the Ocean sea and sixe leagues into firme land with the townes and cities thereto belonging among which were the cities of Arzile Saphin Larache all very strong places of great importance Some say that he gaue him the abounding Alcacarquibir Tituan and other places more he caused in the field a plaine deliuerie of Arzile to be made by Cid Albequerin brother to his wife who was the gouernour of the sayd city And granted him moreouer that the faith of Iesus Christ should be preached in Barbarie and full power to crowne himselfe Emperour of Morocco This was the reason that made the King Dom Sebastian lo●ke vp his crowne which the Kings his predecessours and himselfe euen vntill that time had openly worne I saw that Crowne lockt vp into peeces of Artillerie which were newly and purposely made for that voyage in like maner I saw the Banners Standards and the ships vnder saile for that armie And I know that the king Dom Sebastian tooke with him an vnkle of mine my mothers brother who was iudge of the Armories in the kingdomes of Portugall to serue him as maister of those ceremonies which were to be vsed in the act of his coronation as Emperour The king Dom Sebastian seeing so great offers and being a Prince of the loftiest enterprises desirous to winne honour and such reputation as should wait on due merit knowing what vertues consisted in himselfe accompanied with such forces couragious fearelesse hardie actiue ●nd presuming in himselfe that he onely was borne to breake downe and squander the infidelles impieties accepted the conditions that were made vnto him And thus iustly deserued the sinnes of Portugall that he should put his person in daunger of losse his kingdomes and Monarchie in the ballance as a pray to strange nations Hence may your worthinesse gather what you desire to know out of the first demand An answere to the second demaund I answere to the second demaund negatiuely that king Sebastian did not die in the battell and that the body which was buried in Bethlehem was none of his But before by manifest reasons I approue my sayings let me intreate your sacred fatherhood to vnderstand that when he began to make his preparation for this voyage I was then a man of yeares and in some authority which admit as spoken betweene our selues because that which oftentimes contenteth friends displeaseth and raiseth a repining nature in such as are not so When he parted from Lisbone to passe into affricke being the yeare 1578. and in the moneth of Iune I was in the 35. yeare of mine age and had the vse of very honorable charges gouerning some couents of mine order and had preached in diuerse places of Portugall with applause and satisfaction of mine auditors The same yeare I was in Lent called from my couent at Santeren where I then aboade to Lisbone by Dom Alphonso de Chasteaublan● chiefe Almoner to the king and Commissary generall of the Bull for the Croisade to preach in the townes of Esbernos Borba Villaricosa Landroal Terena Moncaras Moran Mora and Portel and I was enrolled in the register of them who were appointed to accompany the king in his present voyage which could not by my selfe be performed because my Prelates that had commaund ouer me had consigned me to the gouernement of the Couent of Santeren which is the fourth of our order and the chiefest in Portugall because the Priour there ruling began to find himselfe not well and had accōplished his three yeares iurisdiction in which respect my Prelates prayed the king to pardon me from bearing him company in his purposed voyage and at their requests it was obtained Thus I stayed at home although against my will in Portugal without passing into Affricke I hold the rather this kind of discoursing with your Lordship because you may the better perceiue that I had yeares and authority as before I declared sufficient to know great men and what belonged to state affaires The king parted from Lisbone taking with him about thirty religious persons of my order to whom he bare very kind affection and reposed trust inough in them for he vsed to call them his brethren One of their number was our Prouinciall of Portugal who commanded the orders through all the gouernement of the kingdome and as well in Europe as in Affricke Asia and America named brother Iohn de Silue graund-child or sonne to the Gouernour of Portugal brother to the Bishop of the city called the Port of Portugall and to Fernand de Silue who at that very time was Embassador into Castile brother Manuell de Bosa brother Vincent Afonseca and other religious men of very good discent There was also mine vnckle Manuell Texere of whom I made mention in my first answere a brother of mine likewise called brother Diego Cardose de Mirande that maried with a sister of mine and diuers others of my kindred King Sebastian hauing ioyned with his army in Affricke at the city of Arzile and leauing Larache was gone toward the city of Alcacarquibir there in the field thereto belonging he put his men in order the fourth of the moneth of August When the heauy newes was brought to Portugal and that I had intelligence therof because of the intrest I had in the iourney I was constrained to go to Lisbone being fourteene leagues distant from Santeren to vnderstand whether they were true or no. Where arriuing the 25. of the sayd moneth I met with mine vnckle who was the selfe same day returned from Affricke He by commandement of the Generall of the army that remained behind as Lieutenant generall for the king had brought thither with him vnto Lisbone Cid Albequerin and his nephew the young Xarifa sonne to his sister and Muley Mahamet Xarifa which young Xarifa is now a Christian and liues in Spaine bearing the title of the Prince of Morocco and is commander of the order of Saint Iames a Prince of many excellent partes and singular hope Being thus with mine vncle he told me that king Sebastian withdrew himselfe from the battell embarqued in his Galliot but for certaintie that he was aliue If I would know

say some but repented afterward that they laboured not to contend rather by law or warre which questionlesse had not wanted because the Lord Dom Edward sonne to the infant Dom Edward brother to the said King D. Iohn 3. then liued who was a Lord endued with many singular vertues and as a legitimate Prince borne of Kings by the ligue masculine did euermore claime the succession of his ancestors in the said kingdome which neuer yet fell vnto the distaffe Hereupon the Portuguezes prayed to God so instantly with so many processions fasts prayers and teares that it might please him to giue them a Lord and Prince Thus by diuine grace was Dom Sebastian giuen to the Portuguezes the first time and thus now againe he giues him the second time An answere to the third demand For manie causes right reuerend Lord it was not necessarie for the King Dom Sebastian to discouer himselfe in Barbary of al which we wil alleage but two The first if he had manifested himselfe he had run into great danger of his lifes losse for his enemie could not more easily haue put him to death then in Barbarie There are a great number of officers kept in pay who giue them such morsels which is called the Boccon or poisoned bit as the poore patient cannot by anie meanes escape they limit them to the yeare moneth daies what shall I say to verie houres and moments The second if Muley Hamet had got him into his power the least that he would haue demaunded for his ransome had been the cities and townes which the Portuguezes possesse in Barbarie This had beene a small gift for him Tanger Arzile Mazagan and the other places which the Kings of Portugall do hold in Barbarie Neuerthelesse Septa had bin great losse to Christendom for it is the key of Affricke and Europe And the Moores hauing that in their own power at all times and whensoeuer they were thereto disposed they might passe into Spaine an hundred thousand horse and more and from Spaine post to other parts of Europe as somtimes they did when they were not so well inured to warre nor expert in Armes Our histories of Portugall doe tell vs that the infant Dom Fernand being taken by the Moores in the field of the citie of Tanger as he there held his siege some few daies after they came to demaund for his raunsome onely the citie of Septa which his father the King Dom Iohn of worthie memorie the Bastard had won from the Mores The king that then was Dom Edward for the singular loue he bare to his brother resolued with his people who loued the Prince entirely to giue what they had demaunded The infant Dom Fernand being aduertised of his brothers kind respect and the peoples goodwill to him likewise found the meanes to write secretly vnto them that they should be very carefull what they did saying God forbid that by my occasion Christendome should endure such a damage I had rather be partaker among an hundred thousand martyrs or die in captiuitie in the Infidels custodie then cause such a manifest daunger to all Christendome The Mores following still their motion yet vsing the infant and his companie with extreame crueltie came to the knowledge that it was hindred much more by the said infant then the king his brother whereupon they began to intreate him in farre better manner that he might the gladlier consent to his owne redemption But they could no way worke him to preferre his owne particular benefite before the weale publique of Christendome So that the Moores growing much displeased hereat put him into an iron prison without any bed or seate and so placed him before the gates of the citie of Marocco giuing him daily to eate certaine ounces of bread and a little water to drinke After some few moneths this holy Lord rendred his spirit to his Creator in that rigorous prison suffering a glorious martirdome for the common good of all Christians after the example of his Lord Iesus Christ redeemer of the whole world His bodie is buried in the Couent of our Ladie of victorie which is of mine Order commonly called de la Battaille in the Chappell of king D. Iohn his father where God in regard of him did continually many miracles for aduancement of the Christian faith The religious Fathers of the said Couent on the day of his death do not vse to sing any Masse of Requiem but that of all Saints because he was not canonized nor yet beatified wherin he is contained amongst them Frier Ierome de Ramos a religious man of mine Order writ a booke concerning the life of this glorious Saint in the Portugall language Which booke I beleeue that the king Dom Sebastian hath both seene and read and that in imitation of the said Saint who was brother to his fourth grandfather I am certainely perswaded that he hauing so apt meanes to conceale himselfe would not be discouered for should he haue there bene reuealed to the Mores they might haue come and demaunded for his ransome the townes and cities elsewhere set downe nay the citie of Septa it selfe And doubtlesse the Portuguezes would haue giuen them all nay rather much more for the libertie of a King so good so vertuous and so holy whome they loued with such and so great affection as if he had bene a God and their redeemer The king Dom Sebastian most worthie Lord was naturally so Catholike and christianly addicted that for the adding but of a very pulse breadth of ground to Christendome he would most gladly haue yeelded himselfe captiue And therefore we may well coniecture and credit his good nature that when he could not get away without danger of his life and likewise in respect of Christendomes generall benefite he held it much more glorious for him to die in prison and slauerie in Barbarie then to liue at libertie being Lord and Monarch of the world Thus right reuerend Lord giue we end to the answer of your third demaund An answer to the fourth demaund Some do coniecture that he hath bene amongst the Moores in Barbarie many yeares Which very well be so although such as haue not bene accustomed to frequent that countrey do imagine it impossible and oftentimes it hath so happened to the Portuguezes that they haue liued captiues in Barbarie for the space of 10.12.15.20.25 and 30. yeares without any tidings heard of them all The reason is that al slaues Noble do appertain to the King and such as hold them in their custodie are bound to make like deliuerie to him of them Whereby very often the Lords of the Moores knowing their slaues to be of noble race dissemble with them that they may not lose them and that they may find meanes to be rid of them graunting them for their libertie some reasonable ransome So got out of captiuitie the Prince my Lord Dom Antonio who died at Paris with the title of King of Portugall because he had bene elected

same difficultie which serued them as their principall obiect to abuse the world withall being broken and disappointed stopt the mouth of their reasons alleaged and wasting their forces and strength held their noses to the ground till they came to knowledge of their owne errors although somewhat too late And much more late had they bene in finding remedie if your most Christian Maiestie moued by your owne ●ind nature and accustomed benignitie had not receiued them ●to grace and fauour So that hence them selues may discerne ●oth what I haue before nowe againe say that the iudgements ●f God are diuerse contrarie to mens who seldome attaine to ●ny perfect accomplishment of their plots and imaginations Nor ●ake I so long a preamble most Christian king to any other ●nd but to serue my selfe with that which I finde fit in my verie ●ule as standing some way bound to speake to your Maiestie in ●uour of the poore and vnfortunate neuerthelesse most happie ●ne day when God shall so please Dom Sebastian the true and ●wfull king of Portugal And to this attempt I bind my selfe the ●ther through the malice of some who for the interest of their e●ate onely giue it out in the world and it may be likewise before ●our Maiestie that he is but a sillie foolish Calabrois Wherefore ●ntend by this my letter to make knowne to your Highnesse the ●uth of the matter that when he shall come to the acquaintance 〈◊〉 a king a king so Christian and magnanimous as your Maiestie 〈◊〉 one not to learne what it is to suffer outragious persecutions ●osses and iniustices it may be a meanes to vrge assistaunce to a ●ore prisoned king who desiring this illustrious Seigneurie to ●t him but be seene to such Portegueses as were in this Citie for ●knowledgement of some secret markes which he had naturally ●aractered on his body it might by no meanes be so permitted ●ither he shewed to the world in any sort At length there came ●her a Gentleman of qualitie a Portugueze that brought the ●me markes proued as authenticall vnder the hands of the pub●e Notaries and Peeres of Portugal but the honorable Lords of ●s Estate were resolute not to let him see him albeit the prisoner ●de this protestation ensuing to them You say my Lords that ●m not Sebastian king of Portugal let me be seene to my Portu●eses yea to all the world and if you find that I am not such as I ●intaine my selfe to be let my head be smitten of Vpon which words I thought good to signifie to your most ●ristian Maiestie some particularities touching the prisoner He ●h the same shape the same hands and feete to wit the right ●re long then the left he beares the same age the same markes ●d gate with the knees bowing inward as Dom Sebastians king 〈◊〉 Portugal did Whereby of diuerse in this citie and other places he hath bene knowne for they accompanied in his voyage to Affricke and had seene him in his kingdome with whom discoursing he put them in mind of sundrie particulars which they had had as then together and were impossible that any other but the King himselfe should know Of all which particular notes I most humbly intreat your Maiestie to heare onely but two There is a merchant here who some fiue and twentie yeres since was wont to trade into Portugall this man being at Lisbon before king Sebastian passed into Affrick mark what befell him As he was vpon the sea shoare stopping his shippe that had receiued a leake he saw a farre off the King comming making a goodly horse wheron he rid to mount and coruet very sprightly vnder him and he not knowing him to be the King this beast quoth he what will he breake his owne necke The King and others of the traine hearing these words gallopped the horse so mainely toward the merchant and made him in such a fearefull taking as the poore man verily thought he should loose his life But when he knew him to be the King he fell to the ground and weeping on his knees desired pardon for he feared lest his lauish tongue might haue made him to be trussed vp The King as he was euer full of clemencie commaunded him to stand vp intreating him verie honorably and bestowing sundrie fauours vpon him Sebastian seeing the same merchant here in our citie before he was arrested as a prisoner demaunded of him vnasked if he remembred such a matter and so acknowledging the one the other diuerse things passed betweene them which happened at that present occasion Moreouer this King I would say this prisoner when he was at Messina knowing that there dwelt a gentleman of a verie famous familie who had accompanied him in his voyage to Affricke he went and found out his house and vpon some priuate passages betweene them they kindly renewed their former acquaintance Besides since his arriuall here in our citie and before his imprisonment he writ diuerse letters to the said gentleman and receiued likewise letters backe againe from him And by his expresse meanes was a man and letters sent into Portugall to sundrie faithfull Lords of that kingdome but we heare that this man so sent to Portugall died in those parts but vnknowne how ●●ter he had deliuered all or the most part of his letters Notwith●anding as afflictions and miseries alters mens minds making ●em forget or lay aside all kindnesse and friendship euen so this ●entleman toucht in this case and to become a subiect to the ●ng of Castile hearing Sebastian was held as a prisoner gaue o●er and left off all former acquaintance But I most humbly in●eat your Maiestie that in this case you would not stand aloofe ●t beholding the occurrences of this vnhappie King though prisoner yet passing in such sound forme of truth that you ●ould interpose your authoritie and manage this waighty cause ●ith such diligence and dexteritie as your Highnesse hath here●fore giuen accomplishment to affaires much more hote and ●fficult wherein you shall do a worke worthie the name of a ●odly and most Christian King and for which I pray the omni●otent Creator to crowne your Maiestie with perpetuall glorie ●d felicitie From Venice this 28. of Iuly M.D.C. The most humble and affectionate seruant in duty to your Maiestie most Christian GIOVANNE CAPVGNANO The Copie of a Discourse concerning the successe of Dom Sebastian King of Portugall since he began his enterprised voyage into Affricke vntill the sixt of Ianuarie this present yeare 1601. Sent by the reuerend Father brother Ioseph Texere Portugueze to a Bishop his friend More a letter of the said Fathers to the same Bishop wherein he declares how the Venetians deliuered out of prison the sayd King of Portugall Dom Sebastian MOST worthie Lord post habitam benedictionem I receiued foure letters from your most worthie Lordship since the end of September hitherto with this last which was deliuered me the two and twentieth of the passed moneth

receiued sworne and confirmed by the people King of the said Realme who being slaue to a particular man his good fortune fauoured him so much as not to be knowne and he mette with another slaue of his companie an Affricane Gentleman who spake verie well the language of the Coimbre and called himselfe Gaspar de Gran. This man made his maister beleeue that this slaue Dom Antonio was a Priest which would neuer be redeemed thence because his kindred were very glad of his life in imprisonment for thereby they had in meane while the benefite of his goodes and rents wherefore he gaue him counsell that it were much better for him to make some reasonable composition then to be a looser altogether In the end the matter was so concluded that for the raunsome of the Prince and the said Gentleman the summe of sixe hundred Cruzadoes must be paid him which are Crowns valuing fiftie solz or souse Tournois And the Mores parted thence with them neuer trauelling but by night but hiding them selues all the day time and on the fift or sixt day after they arriued in the night at the gates of Arzile where entring masqued they left their slaues receiued their money and then returned backe to their houses If the Lord Dom Antonio had bene knowne for such as he was and had fallen into the power of the king of Barbarie his matter had sorted a quite contrarie way for the slaues to the king are kept in very strong guard and if they hold tenne thousand crownes rent there will be demaunded fiftie thousand for their raunsome which if they will not make promise of they must endure the sharpe bastonnadoes The slaues that are to other particular men are much more nearer their libertie either by getting such a summe of money sauing themselues otherwise or enlarged at length by the meanes of their Mistresses It is a thing verie ordinarie in Barbarie worthie Lord for the women Moores do extremely loue Christians many times they receiue libertie by the meanes of them and likewise get very good gifts frō them In like sort diuerse are freed and scape vnknowne by meanes of the religious Fathers of the most holy Trinitie which are called the Order De Redemptione captiuorum in Fraunce we call them Mathurines There is commonly Monkes of this Order in Barbarie who deale with the Moores for the raunsome of Christians which Monkes do passe through all the Realmes of Barbarie clothed in their habits with verie much libertie and haue great credit with the Moores Among whom if they find some man of qualitie that is not knowne at all they compound immediatly for his raunsome and counting downe the money or promising to pay it in a limited time they set him at libertie I thinke reuerend Sir because I can yet vnderstand no further of matters passed that my Lord the king Dom Sebastian hath neuer bene held as prisoner or if he haue it was his good happe to meete with an honest maister with whome he liued so long as till he could obtaine his libertie or compasse the meanes to make an escape And as we do imagine he hath bene wandring among the Aethiopians as your worthie selfe may gather by the translation of two letters written vnto me the one from the Father doctor Sampayo the other from Dom Iohn de Castro the originals whereof remaine in my custodie with seuen or eight other letters of theirs which they did send to me frō Venice In this demaund likewise your reuerend Lordship praies me to tell you for what reason my Lord the king Dom Sebastian did not come into Fraunce or to any place else where doubtlesse he might haue bene receiued according to his qualitie namely with better entertainment then he had at Venice I answere that being by Gods grace restored to libertie himselfe will deliuer the causes that mooued him to go and present himselfe before the Lords there and those likewise which withheld him from comming into Fraunce or elsewhere according as your selfe haue alleaged As for my knowledge of him it sufficeth me to heare the speech of him I being in one place and he in another But comming to the sight of him I can demaund and know diuerse notable things of him which is impossible for him to haue altogether forgotten for assuredly he can and will resolue me in one or other For since the time I became religious which was at two and twentie yeares and 26. daies of mine age he being then aged 12. yeares one moneth and 28. daies I haue seene him in diuerse quarters of Portugall and conferred with him of very important affaires Before I was religious he being aged seuen or eight yeares I serued as a Page to his Grandmother his fathers mother who was sister to the Emperours Charles the fift and Ferdinand and graund-mother to the most Christian Queene Maria de Medicis and for this reason he is very neare kinsman to the sayd Maiesty cosin germaine remoued by the fathers side Iohn the sonne of Catherine and likewise cosin germaine remoued by his mothers side Iane who was eldest daughter to the sayd Charles the fift brother to Catherine This which hath bene sayd ioyned with the translation of the two missiues ensuing may serue as answer to your fourth demaund The translation of a letter from the father Doctour Sampayo To the Rright reuerend father and Doctor the father Frier Ioseph Texere Portugueze Counceller and Almoner to the most Christian King in our couent of the friers preachers at Paris Most reuerend father and maister I Haue heretofore written to your fatherhood concerning this present matter and because I know not whether my letters haue bene deliuered you or no I determined to send one more after the rest Perswade your selfe holy father and euen as God shall deale with my soule in the article of death that no other motiue stirres me hereunto but onely brotherly affection truth and zealous loue to the liberty of my countrey The King Dom Sebastian our Lord is prisoner here in this city and so hath bene for two and twenty monethes whom God in his iudgements concealed to himselfe hath permitted to come hither transported to this place very poorely and robbed by fiue of his owne seruants which he entertained in Cicilie But so soone as he arriued here in this city where he hoped to find good fauor and support immediatly the Embassadour of Castile persecuted him most cruelly perswading the Seigneurie that he was a Calabrois a theefe c. For this cause the Lords imprisoned him and rigorously proceeded against him here they keepe him close shut vp not suffering him to be seene nor enlarged nor execute any act of iustice vpon him Quia nullam inuenient in eo causam Because they can find no iust cause against him Our sinnes are great great is the strength of Spaine and the malice of the Iewish Portuguezes in this countrey whereof some weare red bonnets and others blacke but the last

vse this language to you I trust God him selfe will illuminate your reuerend vnderstanding to behold how deare an interest you haue in this cause From Venice the xii of October 1600. The seruant and brother to your fatherhood Frier Stephen de Sampayo Another Letter from Dom Iohn de Castro To the worthie Sir Docto● Texere Counsellour and Almoner to the most Christ●n King chiefe Almoner to my Lord the Prince and Confessour to Madame the Princesse his mother At Paris in the couent of the Iacobius SIR I am extremely astonished being the man that you are and so well knowne for a Portuguese that you should at anie time couet anie thing more then the freedome of Portugall that you make so small account of this incredible maruell concerning the king Dom Sebastian the only prize of all that kingdomes best aduentures considering it is now so manie yeares since that you employed yourselfe in this businesse with no small seruice vnto the said Lord. You haue seene the whole discourse along of this matter by letters as well from my selfe as others and because the former which I writ vnto you were but briefly handled as committing what remained ouerplus to better leisure I am now determined for diuerse good respectes to touch more largely yet as briefly as I can the verie foundation and ground of the whole worke The King Dom Sebastian who in the yeare 1578. lost himselfe in the battell of Affricke he whom the enemie cals a Ca●a●o●s is the verie same prisoner which is now detained here euen as certainly as you are Frier Ioseph and my selfe Dom Iohn He departed safe and aliue from the battell but verie sore woūded God hauing so deliuered him with some other of his companie among whom was the Duke of Aueyro And hauing gone the better part of the world about the end of his peregrination he resolued to liue priuate in an Hermitage where after some time passed he was inspired by God that he should returne again● to Portugall to gouerne his kingdome The selfe same inspiration was likewise giuen to an Hermite in the companie of whom he ●ad liued which Hermite reuealed many things very secret to him touching this matter for which cause he departed from the place where he abode to accomplish what the Spirit of God had inspired and enioyned him to So he arriued in Sicilie in the yeare 1598. where he entertained foure or fiue seruants for he went before without companie with whom he embarked himselfe at Messina in a Galley belonging to his Holinesse to 〈◊〉 for Rome purposing to discouer himselfe to his said Holi● When he was come neare Rome those fellowes 〈…〉 entertained for his seruants robbed and despoiled him of 〈◊〉 had leauing him both poore and naked so that he was 〈◊〉 to seeke to needie and verie wretched people who besto● 〈◊〉 ●omewhat on him for the honor of God This mishap made him alter his former purpose and th● poore miserable man was glad to trace all Italie in hope to find the theeues that had thus despoiled him In the end hearing no tidings at all of them he retired to this Citie the aboue named yeare in the moneth of Iune hauing about him but one poore Gazete a peece of mony valuing three Liards of France In this maner he lodged at a needie wretched house where he remained some dayes not being knowne Afterward diuerse particularly began to listen after him for they heard that he called himselfe first a Knight of the Crosse and then afterward the King Dom Sebastian As this brute ran abrode Antonio de Brito Pimentel Pantaleon Pessoa and many others came oftentimes to see him at his lodging and by occasion of this rumour which spread it selfe more and more through the Citie chaunging his lodging he fell by misfortune into the hands of vile men which being but verie bare themselues yet gaue him clothes and food at their charges He got verie euill reputation by the companie of such people which was the principal cause or his strange misaduenture He was with those companions at Padoa whereof this Seigneurie being aduertised by the Ambassador of Castille and of some tumults made among them to forestall such inconueniences as might ensue they sent to the Podestat of Padoa that he should by cōmandement cause him to auoid the Towne within certaine houres and by like certaine dayes to depart the places belonging to their Estate Hereupon for some speciall reasons best knowne to himself he returned againe vnto this Citie where the Seigneurs thereof at the instance of the said Ambassadour who assured them that he was but a thiefe and a seductour prouing it by the testimony of Iewish merchants Portugueses and other persons of selfsame honest qualitie who tooke their oathes he was not the King Sebastian because the true King died in the battell of Affricke neither did he resemble him in any degree imputing to him many and verie enormous crimes they sent to apprehend him and as a malefactour committed him to verie close imprisonment notwithstanding there were many persons both before and since his commitment that had knowne him verie well in Portugall and affirmed him to be the true king Dom Sebastian At his first questioning withall he declared to the Lords his mishap in Affrica and in what maner God had deliuered him After to diuerse others he did the like and perceiuing they would search into all his secrets yet vsing him verie hardly being a King and one that had no way preiudiced their estate vpon his naturall and wonted inclination to choler moued in a subiect of such iustice and equitie he refused to make them anie more direct answers but one while said one thing then againe another neuerthelesse he euermore maintained him selfe to be the true king Dom Sebastian desiring the Lords therein to beleeue him and if they approued him not to be the same then to chastise him iustly as a false deceiuer which as yet to this instant they would neuer do nor yet permit him to be seene by any He is in a certaine prison where no man may enter or speake to the prisoners neither may one write vnto him on perill of the saylours life if he should but consent thereto He hath endured verie great pouerties and passed through many hard trauerses being no lesse reproched and misprised then the basest prisoners with him His life is very religious addicted altogether to prayer and fasting feeding but on bread water most dayes in the weeke And yet notwithstanding this austere abstinence he is verie strong as I haue heard by one of the prisoners released out of that prison who departed thence greatly affectionate to him seeming to loue him highly and reported matters maruellous of his strength and other good parts As for the exteriour markes of his bodie he wants not one of them which he had when as he raigned the selfe same lip looke head bodie armes thighes legges and feete not fayling of anie one

an vnity together rent forth of his hands whatsoeuer he had insulted on and chased him out of the kingdome after they had ouerthrowne him in the battell of Aljibarota albeit he had in his army foure and thirty thousand men and they were but 7. thousand onely afterward they gaue him defiance againe at Valverde at Trancoso and elsewhere as is to be seene in our histories if your reuerend selfe but please to reade you shall there find it agreeing with my words and in pursuite they gaue him law at their owne pleasure as anon we shall tell you more in this answere Thus we may easily perceiue that it consists not in the strengh of the king Catholicke Dom Philip both to guard Portugall and keepe all the kingdome thereof vnder bridle though he assembled all Spaine and all his other commaund Wherefore I am of the mind most worthy Lord that so soone as his Maiesty Catholicke is giuen to vnderstand how that the King Dom Sebastian is come into Fraunce he will immediatly send his Embassadours to him and offer him the reintegration of his realme in quiet swept cleane already of corne and chaffe as much as to say as without pretending any thing to him but loue and kindnesse And I thinke his Councel wil therto aduise him if they haue any feare of God if they be wise discreet or friends to the seruice welfare of their king For if king Sebastian come with strong hand to the restauration of Portugall no way can hinder him the entrance of Portugall then into Castile and from thence through all Sapine whereby he will bring Dom Philip into such distresse as doubtlesse he will go neare to make ruine of all And when he shall come to vrge his agreement Dom Sebastian not onely will bind him to pay all his dispence domages and wrongs endured by occasion of the warre but likewise to restore him those reuenues and profits which the king his father and himselfe haue hald out of Portugall for the space of more then twenty yeares which will amount to more then forty millions Nay that which is more to destroy him and be gratefull to his friends and them that aided him in the recouerie of his kingdome he will constraine him to render the realme of Nauarre to the king most Christian that of Aragon to the Duke of Lorraine those of Naples and Sicilie to his holinesse and likewise to the other Princes of Europe all that he hath held from them perforce for the flower they are in comming to peace and concord the swifter ensues the great losse and mishap of Spaine This which I say reuerend Sir is not in bare and simple words onely nor shall this be the first time that Portugall hath taught law to Castile such as are pleased in reading histories shall find this very true and of many that we might report and set downe in account we will alleadge but onely one Dom Peter King of Castile sirnamed the cruell who was slaine by his bastard brother that came to raigne afterward and named himselfe Henry the II. left two daughters the first called Constance the second Isabel wife to Edmond of Langley brother to Iohn of Gaunt the husband to the elder daughter Constance of whom was borne a daughter named Catharine The sayd Iohn of Gaunt in the regard of his wife Constance qualified the king of Castile and Leon and made his direct passage from Gascoigne which then was in the rule of the English into Spaine with eighteene thousand foote and two thousand horse and tooke the Groigne with the ayde of Iohn the bastard elected King of Portugall receiued sworne confirmed and obeyed by the Portuguezes who were to him very good friends Thence he went on to Portugall whence he entred into Castile and so on to the City of Burgos distant from the place where he parted more then twentie sixe leagues tooke it at his arriuall and made himselfe maister of all the cities townes and castles he came to moreouer they that were further off came and for feare submitted themselues And easily had he attained to a larger aduantage but that his men died who through their neglect in ordering thēselues and small prouidence in good husbandry were ouertaken by famine whereon a pestilence ensued among thē and they were brought to such scarsity of victuals as they were forced to run to the enemies campe which was vnder the guide of Lewes Duke of Bourbon who in fauor of king Iohn of Castile came thither well accōpanied with the Frēch to request wherewithal to saue their liues Which the sayd Iohn of Portugall beholding complained to the Duke saying that it was not good for his souldiers to treate with the enemy affirming that they would cause more preiudice then all the other therefore he should repeale them presently forbid all community of speech with the contrary part Otherwise when they should enter fight all would by the edge of the sword be destroyed the one in regard of loue to the other Thomas Walsingham an English historian deliuers it in the selfe same termes and sayth that the king of Portugall had with him foure thousand Portuguezes and all of them very well armed Within few dayes after certaine Embassadors sent by the king of Castile came to the Duke desiring peace of him in all humility to whom the Duke wold giue no audience Notwithstanding the hunger pestilēce did enforce him to withdraw thēce into Portugall to the towne of Trancoso whither they came againe seeking to him being sent the second time from the said Iohn king of Castile to vrge once more the same request shewing the Duke by many reasons the great profit might be drawne out of a kind peace betweene them The Duke then gaue them the hearing condiscended to their demand although it was greatly against his will chiefly because he heard that the king hf Portugall was willing thereto and then being touched therein by a more effectuall cause namely the intelligēce of the troubles beginning in France among the French and English and some seditions at home in England all which shewed him that he could draw no fresh supplies thence because that there seemed to be greater need and the mortality in his army did most of all require it The accord betweene the King and the Duke was made in this manner That Henrie eldest sonne to King Iohn named Prince of Castile should espouse Catherine the onely daughter of the sayd Duke Iohn of Gaunt and Constance his wife and should succeed in the kingdomes of Castile Leon and other Seigneuries that the king should endowe the mother and daughter and so he did giuing to the mother the citie of Guadalajata Medina del Campo and Olmiedo afterward being with her in the sayd Medina he gaue her likewise Hueta To the daughter he gaue the Esturies creating and naming her Princesse and his sonne Prince thereof So from thence forward the eldest sonne euer bare the

straungers In this citie of Lyons among the Spanish Comedians there is a Portugueze aged about some thirtie yeares a man well born learned and speakes the Latin tongue very well the place of his birth not farre from mine from him I could neuer get one Portugueze word yet speakes he as perfect Castilian as if he had bene borne and brought vp in the Court of Madrill and it is but fiue yeares since he hath bene absent from his owne countrey where be forsooke his kindred some of them being well knowne to me We haue an hundred thousand like examples through all ●s and it is a thing so common as there can neuer want due ●e thereof But I will not spare to speake this as truth if the Dom Sebastian or any other Portugueze whatsoeuer ha●●ost the vse of his Portugall language by being conuersant ●g his countreymen come not againe to the recouerie there● shall pardon me then to be suspitious of him By meanes ●gh a man may easily grow into heate my Lord reprouing ●pinions and restrayning the audacious courses of people ●orted with passions therefore whosoeuer will speake truth 〈◊〉 say that my Lord Dom Sebastian king of Portugall is no ●rois But the very selfe same king who in the yeare 1578. 〈◊〉 his voyage into Affrick in fauour of Muley Mahamet Xa● mooued by the offers which were made vnto him for the ●tage and weale publique of all Christendome This doth ●re plaine to the eye by those things whereon he hath trea●th the Portuguezes and other strangers before he was im●ed in the prison and afterward abroad and verifies it selfe ●l by the markes secret as apparant which he beares on his 〈◊〉 and which I will translate to you at the end of this let● 〈◊〉 the rest to close vp this last answer I cannot chuse but 〈◊〉 my complaint to your reuerend worthinesse of these med●●ssieurs that tearme my Lord and king to be a Calabrois ●w two yeares and more since they haue liued in this error ●e as strong headed in this opinion now as they were the ●ay Turely Sir when I but thinke hereon I can hardly 〈◊〉 my coole bloud from warming for I neuer saw any one of 〈◊〉 Gallants that would say to me He is of such a territorie such 〈◊〉 sonne or kin to such a one he hath liued among such c. ●ering Calabria is in subiection to his Maiestie Catho● who for this reason onely might send through all that ●ey and enquire of his qualitie and originall as being his 〈◊〉 that they will not do so much at one time or other this 〈◊〉 afflicteth me ●w Sir remaines an answer to an obiection of the enemie ●o slubber baffull and annihilate a matter so certaine 〈◊〉 of the true King Dom Sebastian say that this fellowe ●he first deceiuer but in Flaunders there was a Baldwin in Fraunce a Martin Guerre c. I can very well as one that hath read some histories helpe such kind of people to proue their intentions remembring them of the names and deedes of some impostors setting apart the Neroes and others as Smerdis the Mago king of the Persians the false Alexander of Syria sonne to Protarcus a man of base condition Lambert Symnell who named himselfe Edward the fift king of England and sonne to Edward the fourth Peter Warbecke whom the English call Periquin or Perkin who needs would be Richard younger brother to the sayd Edward and others But the fact and proceeding of these differed greatly from the examen and true square of King Dom Sebastian also the meanes and respects whereby they presumed for kings titles caried another habite then this of king Sebastians Concerning Baldwin and Martin Guerre their iuglings were discouered in very few daies so fel it out with Smerdis for Phaedimia the daughter of Otanes disproued him quickly by his short eares and so was he knowne to be Mago brother to Cantizites not for Smerdes the son of Cyrus The false Alexander an Aegyptian by nation was brought in by Ptolomie Euergetes against Demetrius the younger Lambert Symnell was prouoked on by great men of England to terme himselfe a king against Henry the seuenth of whom they could not endure the gouernement Peter Warbecke a natiue of Tournay by the meanes and fauour of Margaret Duchesse of Burgundie second wife to Charles the warriour named himselfe Richard youngest sonne to King Edward the fourth and by her bare himselfe against the sayd king Henrie But King Sebastian is risen in another kind of degree without ayde without fauour not assisted by any Prince poore and miserable armed onely with his truth and the conduct of God and yet we hope he shall not want helpe for the recouerie of his kingdome This is then sufficient to answere those questionarie contriuers As for their demaund to me where he hath had abiding for so many yeares and why he spared to make himselfe manifest himselfe one day when it pleaseth God will therein resolue vs. It is no new thing to heare of a man that haue not bene heard of for many yeares I thinke there is at this day a dozen of men in Fraunce that haue come home againe amongst 〈◊〉 ends after their being abroad for the space of twentie 〈◊〉 nay 30. yeares without any newes once heard of them all their absence If I would number them Sir who haue ●mpeld to verifie themselues for such as they maintained ●lues to be I should make a discourse more ample then ●ich I gaue to my Lord your nephew ●e the decrees of the Parliaments in Fraunce looked ouer ● would be found therein of whom I find it no way in●ient to nominate some As the Lord of Boisgarnier a Gentleman of Maisse and next him his sonne the Lord of ●erre neare ●o Gyan the Lord of Morinuille called Courte● ●ed of the royall house of Dreux and other who haue had ●nd labour enough in making themselues to be knowne ●ng thus answered these obiections I will conclude assu●ur worthinesse that being obliged by so many testimonies ●rkes of truth I thinke that not onely my selfe but euen a ●n should commit a mighty trespasse against the holy ● in not beleeuing this for a verity Our Lord giue accom●ent to my desires and so soone as he shall be arriued I will speedy imparting to your worthy selfe of all the pleasures ●ntentments I receiue This shall be the end of my trauerses ●serable fortunes this shall be the beginning of my glory city where our Lord giue you ample perfection in aeter● ●om Lions the 12. of Ianuary MDCI. Kissing the hands of your reuerend Lordship your deuoted seruant Frier Ioseph Texere Portugueze 〈◊〉 markes and signes which the King of ●ortugall Dom Sebastian beares naturally on his body HE hath the right hand greater then the left The right arme longer then the left 3. The body from the shoulders to the girdle-sted is so short as his doublet can serue none other but himselfe onely 4. From the