the_o set_a time_n mark_v in_o the_o calendar_n for_o their_o observation_n feriae_fw-la conceptivae_fw-la be_v such_o as_o the_o magistrate_n or_o priest_n appoint_v annual_o to_o be_v celebrate_v upon_o what_o day_n they_o please_v feriae_fw-la imperativae_fw-la be_v such_o as_o the_o consul_n praetor_n or_o dictator_n institute_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o own_o authority_n and_o command_v to_o be_v observe_v upon_o solemn_a occasion_n as_o the_o gain_n of_o a_o victory_n and_o the_o like_a nundinae_fw-la be_v day_n set_v apart_o for_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o people_n out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o neighbour_a town_n to_o expose_v their_o commodity_n to_o sale_n the_o same_o as_o our_o great_a market_n or_o fair_n they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o nundinae_fw-la because_o they_o be_v keep_v every_o nine_o day_n as_o ovid_n inform_v we_o 54._o we_o fast_o 1._o v._n 54._o feriae_fw-la privatae_fw-la be_v holydays_o observe_v by_o particular_a person_n or_o family_n upon_o several_a account_n as_o birth-day_n funeral_n and_o the_o like_a thus_o much_o for_o the_o dies_fw-la festi_fw-la the_o profesti_fw-la be_v fasti_fw-la comitiales_n comperen_n dini_fw-la stati_fw-la and_o praeliares_n dies_fw-la fasti_fw-la be_v the_o same_o as_o our_o court-day_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o praetor_n to_o sit_v in_o judgement_n and_o consequent_o fari_fw-la tria_fw-la verba_fw-la to_o say_v the_o three_o solemn_a word_n do_v dico_fw-la addico_fw-la i_o give_v law_n declare_v right_o and_o adjudge_v loss_n all_o other_o day_n except_o the_o intercisi_fw-la be_v call_v nefasti_fw-la because_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o say_v those_o three_o word_n upon_o they_o but_o we_o may_v observe_v from_o a_o phrase_n of_o horace_n 13._o horace_n lib._n 2._o od._n 13._o that_o die_v nefastus_fw-la signify_v a_o unlucky_a day_n as_o well_o as_o a_o non-court-day_n die_v comitiales_n be_v such_o day_n as_o the_o comitia_fw-la or_o public_a assembly_n of_o the_o people_n be_v hold_v upon_o or_o as_o ovid_n style_v they_o quo_fw-la populum_fw-la jus_o est_fw-la includere_fw-la septis_fw-la 53._o septis_fw-la fast_o 1._o vers_fw-la 53._o days_n when_o the_o people_n be_v shut_v up_o to_o vote_n dies_fw-la comperendini_fw-la be_v day_n when_o person_n that_o have_v be_v sue_v may_v give_v bail_n dies_fw-la stati_fw-la be_v day_n appoint_v for_o the_o decision_n of_o any_o cause_n between_o a_o roman_a and_o a_o foreigner_n die_v praeliares_n be_v such_o day_n as_o they_o think_v it_o lawful_a to_o engage_v in_o any_o action_n of_o hostility_n upon_o if_o we_o make_v a_o division_n of_o the_o roman_a day_n into_o fortunaâ—â—_n and_o unfortunate_a dies_fw-la postriduani_fw-la or_o the_o next_o day_n after_o the_o kalend_n nones_n or_o ides_n be_v always_o reckon_v of_o the_o latter_a sort_n and_o therefore_o have_v the_o name_n of_o dies_fw-la atri_fw-la a._n gellius_n give_v we_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o observation_n from_o verrius_n flaccus_n because_o they_o have_v take_v notice_n for_o several_a age_n that_o those_o day_n have_v prove_v unlucky_a to_o the_o state_n in_o the_o loss_n of_o battle_n town_n and_o other_o casualty_n 17._o casualty_n noâ—t_fw-la attiâ—_n lib._n 5._o cap_n 17._o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o place_n that_o the_o day_n before_o the_o four_o of_o the_o kalend_n nones_n or_o ides_n be_v always_o reckon_v unfortunate_a but_o he_o do_v not_o know_v for_o what_o reason_n unless_o that_o he_o find_v the_o great_a overthrow_n at_o gannae_n to_o have_v happen_v on_o such_o a_o day_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o kalend_n nones_n and_o ides_n the_o way_n that_o the_o roman_n use_v to_o reckon_v the_o day_n of_o their_o month_n be_v by_o the_o kalend_n nones_n and_o ides_n romulus_n begin_v his_o month_n always_o upon_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o be_v follow_v in_o this_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o other_o account_n to_o avoid_v the_o alter_n of_o the_o immovable_a feast_n therefore_o every_o new_a moon_n one_o of_o the_o inferior_a priest_n use_v to_o assemble_v the_o people_n in_o the_o capitol_n and_o call_v over_o as_o many_o day_n as_o there_o be_v between_o that_o and_o the_o nones_n and_o so_o from_o the_o old_a word_n calo_n or_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o call_v the_o first_o of_o these_o day_n have_v the_o name_n of_o kalendae_fw-la but_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o this_o custom_n of_o call_v the_o day_n continue_v no_o long_o than_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 450_o when_o c._n flavius_n the_o curule_n aedile_z order_v the_o fasti_fw-la or_o calendar_n to_o be_v set_v up_o in_o public_a place_n that_o every_o body_n may_v know_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n and_o the_o return_n of_o the_o festival_n 46._o festival_n livy_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 46._o the_o nones_n be_v so_o call_v because_o they_o reckon_v nine_o day_n from_o they_o to_o the_o ides_n the_o ides_n be_v general_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o month_n and_o then_o we_o may_v derive_v the_o word_n from_o iduare_n a_o obsolete_a verb_n signify_v to_o divide_v the_o kalend_n be_v always_o fix_v to_o the_o first_o day_n of_o every_o month_n but_o the_o nones_n and_o the_o ides_n in_o four_o month_n be_v on_o different_a day_n than_o in_o the_o other_o eight_o for_o march_v may_n july_n and_o october_n have_v six_o nones_n apiece_o the_o other_o only_o four_n therefore_o in_o the_o first_o the_o nones_n be_v the_o seven_o and_o the_o ides_n the_o 15_o in_o the_o last_o the_o nones_n the_o 5_o and_o the_o ides_n the_o 13_o in_o reckon_v these_o they_o always_o go_v backward_o thus_o january_n 1._o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o january_n december_n 31._o prid._n kal._n jan._n december_n 30._o the_o three_o kal._n jan._n and_o so_o on_o to_o the_o 13_o and_o that_o be_v idus_fw-la decembris_fw-la then_o the_o 12._o prid._n iduum_fw-la decemb._n the_o 11_o 3_o iduum_fw-la decemb._n and_o so_o to_o the_o five_o day_n and_o that_o be_v nonae_fw-la decemb._n and_o then_o again_o the_o four_o prid._n nonarum_fw-la decemb._n the_o three_o 3_o non._n decemb._n the_o second_o 4_o non._n decem._n and_o the_o first_o kalendae_fw-la decemb._n we_o must_v observe_v that_o when_o we_o meet_v with_o kalendas_fw-la nonas_fw-la or_o idus_fw-la in_o the_o accusative_a case_n the_o preposition_n ante_fw-la be_v always_o understand_v as_o tertio_fw-la kalendas_fw-la idus_fw-la or_o nonas_fw-la be_v the_o same_o as_o tertio_fw-la die_fw-la ante_fw-la kal._n non._n or_o idus_fw-la chap._n xii_o the_o most_o remarkable_a festival_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o calendar_n the_o kalend_n or_o the_o first_o day_n of_o january_n be_v note_v for_o the_o enter_v of_o the_o magistrate_n on_o their_o office_n and_o for_o the_o wish_v of_o good_a fortune_n and_o send_v present_n to_o one_o another_o among_o friend_n etc._n friend_n ovid._n fast_o 1._o v._n 71_o etc._n etc._n february_n the_o 15_o or_o the_o 15_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o march_n be_v the_o feast_n of_o the_o lupercalia_n when_o the_o luperci_n make_v their_o wild_a procession_n etc._n procession_n ovid._n fast_o 2._o v._n 267_o etc._n etc._n which_o have_v be_v describe_v before_o february_n the_o 11_o or_o the_o 9th_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o march_n be_v the_o feralia_fw-la or_o feast_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o ghost_n when_o people_n carry_v some_o little_a sort_n of_o offer_v to_o the_o grave_n of_o their_o decease_a friend_n ovid_n give_v we_o so_o handsome_a a_o account_n of_o it_o that_o we_o must_v not_o pass_v he_o by_o est_fw-fr honour_n &_o tumulis_fw-la animas_fw-la placare_fw-la paternas_fw-la etc._n paternas_fw-la ibid._n five_o 5._o â—_o etc._n etc._n parvaque_fw-la in_o exstructas_fw-la munera_fw-la far_o pyras_fw-la parva_n petunt_fw-la manes_fw-la pietas_fw-la pro_fw-la divite_fw-la grata_fw-la est_fw-la munere_fw-la non_fw-la avidos_fw-la styx_n habet_fw-la ima_fw-la deos._n tegula_n porrectis_fw-la satis_fw-la est_fw-la velata_fw-la coronis_fw-la et_fw-la sparsae_fw-la fruges_fw-la parvaque_fw-la mica_fw-la salis_fw-la tomb_n have_v their_o honour_n too_o our_o parent_n crave_v some_o slender_a present_n to_o adorn_v their_o grave_n slender_z the_o present_n which_o the_o ghost_n we_o owe_v those_o power_n observe_v not_o what_o we_o give_v but_o how_o no_o greedy_a soul_n disturb_v the_o happy_a seat_n below_o they_o only_o ask_v a_o tile_n with_o garland_n crown_v and_o fruit_n and_o salt_n to_o scatter_v on_o the_o ground_n the_o day_n after_o the_o feralia_fw-la be_v the_o charistia_fw-la or_o festival_n of_o love_n when_o all_o the_o relation_n in_o every_o family_n meet_v together_o and_o have_v a_o feast_n the_o kalend_n of_o march_n be_v the_o matronalia_fw-la a_o feast_n keep_v by_o the_o roman_a matron_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o mars_n to_o who_o they_o think_v themselves_o oblige_v for_o the_o happiness_n of_o bear_v of_o good_a child_n a_o favour_n which_o he_o first_o confer_v on_o his_o
own_o mistress_n rhea_n 233._o rhea_n ovid._n fast_o 3._o v._n 233._o on_o the_o same_o day_n begin_v the_o solemn_a feast_n of_o the_o salii_fw-la and_o their_o procession_n with_o the_o ancylia_n which_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o before_o the_o ides_n of_o march_n be_v the_o feast_n of_o anna_n perenna_n in_o honour_n either_o of_o the_o sister_n of_o dido_n who_o flee_v into_o italy_n to_o aeneas_n or_o of_o one_o anna_n a_o old_a gentlewoman_n that_o in_o a_o great_a dearth_n at_o rome_n for_o some_o time_n furnish_v the_o common_a people_n with_o corn_n out_o of_o her_o own_o store_n the_o celebration_n of_o this_o day_n consist_v in_o drink_v and_o feast_v large_o among_o friend_n the_o common_a people_n meet_v for_o this_o purpose_n in_o the_o field_n near_o the_o tiber_n and_o build_v themselves_o booth_n and_o arbour_n keep_v the_o day_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o sport_n and_o jollity_n wish_v one_o another_o to_o live_v as_o many_o year_n as_o they_o drink_v cup_n etc._n cup_n ibid._n v._o 5â—3_n etc._n etc._n the_o same_o day_n be_v by_o a_o decree_n of_o senate_n order_v to_o be_v call_v parricidium_fw-la from_o the_o murder_n of_o julius_n caesar_n which_o happen_v on_o it_o 88_o it_o suâ—ton_n in_o jul._n cap._n 88_o appian_n in_o his_o second_o book_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o very_a different_a law_n that_o dolabella_n the_o consul_n will_v have_v prefer_v upon_o this_o occasion_n and_o that_o be_v to_o have_v the_o day_n call_v ever_o after_o natalis_n vrbis_fw-la the_o birthday_n of_o the_o city_n as_o if_o their_o liberty_n have_v revive_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o caesar_n march_v the_o 19_o or_o the_o 14_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o april_n begin_v the_o quinquatrus_n or_o quinquatria_n the_o feast_n of_o minerva_n continue_v five_o day_n it_o be_v during_o this_o solemnity_n that_o the_o boy_n and_o girl_n use_v to_o pray_v to_o the_o goddess_n for_o wisdom_n and_o learning_n of_o which_o she_o have_v the_o patronage_n to_o which_o custom_n juvevenal_n allude_v eloquium_fw-la &_o famam_fw-la demosthenes_n aut_fw-la ciceronis_fw-la incipit_fw-la optare_fw-la &_o totis_fw-la quinquatribus_fw-la optat_fw-la 10._o optat_fw-la sat._n 10._o to_o rival_n tully_n or_o demosthenes_n begin_v to_o wish_v in_o the_o quinquatrian_a day_n and_o wish_v all_o the_o feast_n april_n the_o 19_o or_o the_o 13_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n be_v the_o cerealia_n or_o feast_n of_o ceres_n in_o which_o solemnity_n the_o chief_a actor_n be_v the_o woman_n no_o person_n that_o mourn_v be_v allow_v to_o bear_v a_o part_n in_o this_o service_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o upon_o the_o defeat_n at_o cannae_n there_o be_v such_o a_o universal_a grief_n in_o the_o city_n that_o the_o anniversary_n feast_n of_o ceres_n be_v force_v to_o be_v omit_v 22._o omit_v livy_n lib._n 22._o april_n the_o 21_o or_o the_o 11_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n be_v the_o palilia_n or_o feast_n of_o pale_n goddess_n of_o shepherd_n this_o be_v sometime_o call_v parilia_n à _fw-la pariendo_fw-la because_o prayer_n be_v now_o make_v for_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o sheep_n ovid_n tell_v we_o a_o very_a tedious_a course_n of_o superstition_n that_o the_o shepherd_n run_v through_o upon_o this_o day_n they_o always_o contrive_v to_o have_v a_o great_a feast_n at_o night_n and_o when_o most_o of_o they_o be_v pretty_a merry_a they_o conclude_v all_o with_o dance_v over_o the_o fire_n that_o they_o make_v in_o the_o field_n with_o heap_n of_o stubble_n etc._n stubble_n ovid._n fast_o 4._o v._n 721_o etc._n etc._n the_o same_o day_n be_v call_v vrbis_fw-la natalis_fw-la be_v the_o day_n on_o which_o the_o city_n be_v build_v 806._o build_v ibid._n v._o 806._o april_n the_o 25_o or_o the_o seven_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n be_v the_o robigalia_n or_o feast_n of_o the_o goddess_n robigo_n or_o the_o god_n robigus_n who_o take_v care_n to_o keep_v off_o the_o mildew_n and_o blast_v from_o the_o corn_n and_o fruit_n 901._o fruit_n ibid._n v._o 901._o april_n 29_o or_o the_o 5_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n be_v the_o floralia_fw-la or_o feast_n of_o flora_n goddess_n of_o flower_n 943._o flower_n ibid._n v._o 943._o when_o the_o public_a sport_n be_v celebrate_v that_o will_v be_v hereafter_o describe_v in_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o year_n we_o meet_v with_o no_o festival_n of_o extraordinary_a note_n except_z the_o poplifugium_fw-la and_o the_o saturnalia_fw-la the_o original_a of_o the_o famous_a nonae_fw-la caprotinae_fw-la or_o poplifugium_fw-la be_v double_o relate_v by_o plutarch_n according_a to_o the_o two_o common_a opinion_n first_o because_o romulus_n disappear_v on_o that_o day_n when_o a_o assembly_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o palus_n capri_n or_o goatsmarch_n on_o a_o sudden_a happen_v a_o most_o wonderful_a tempest_n accompany_v with_o terrible_a thunder_n and_o other_o unusual_a disorder_n in_o the_o air._n the_o common_a people_n flee_v all_o away_o to_o secure_v themselves_o but_o after_o the_o tempest_n be_v over_o can_v never_o find_v their_o king_n romulus_n king_n plutarch_n in_o romulus_n or_o else_o from_o caprificus_fw-la a_o wild_a figtree_n because_o in_o the_o gallic_n war_n a_o roman_a virgin_n who_o be_v prisoner_n in_o the_o enemy_n camp_n take_v the_o opportunity_n when_o she_o see_v they_o one_o night_n in_o a_o disorder_n get_v up_o into_o a_o wild_a figtree_n and_o hold_v out_o a_o light_a torch_n towards_o the_o city_n give_v the_o roman_n a_o signal_n to_o fall_v on_o which_o they_o do_v with_o such_o good_a success_n as_o to_o gain_v a_o considerable_a victory_n camill._n victory_n plutarch_n in_o romul_n &_o in_o camill._n the_o original_a of_o the_o saturnalia_fw-la as_o to_o the_o time_n be_v unknown_a macrobius_n assure_v we_o that_o it_o be_v celebrate_v in_o italy_n long_o before_o the_o build_n of_o rome_n 7._o rome_n macrob._n saturn_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 7._o the_o story_n of_o saturn_n in_o who_o honour_n it_o be_v keep_v every_o body_n be_v acquaint_v with_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o solemnity_n beside_o the_o sacrifice_n and_o other_o part_n of_o public_a worship_n there_o be_v several_a lesser_a observation_n worth_a our_o notice_n as_o the_o liberty_n now_o allow_v to_o servant_n to_o be_v free_a and_o merry_a with_o their_o master_n so_o often_o allude_v to_o in_o author_n it_o be_v probable_a this_o be_v do_v in_o memory_n of_o the_o liberty_n enjoy_v in_o the_o golden_a age_n under_o saturn_n before_o the_o name_n of_o servant_n or_o master_n be_v know_v to_o the_o world_n beside_o this_o they_o send_v present_n to_o one_o another_o among_o friend_n no_o war_n be_v to_o be_v proclaim_v and_o no_o offender_n execute_v the_o school_n keep_v a_o vacation_n and_o nothing_o but_o mirth_n and_o freedom_n be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o city_n they_o keep_v at_o first_o only_o one_o day_n the_o 14_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o january_n but_o the_o number_n be_v afterward_o increase_v to_o three_o four_o five_o and_o some_o say_v seven_o day_n 3._o day_n lipsiuâ—_n saturnal_a lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o part_n ii_o book_n iii_o of_o the_o civil_a government_n of_o the_o roman_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o general_a division_n of_o the_o people_n romulus_n as_o soon_o as_o his_o city_n be_v tolerable_o well_o fill_v with_o inhabitant_n make_v a_o distinction_n of_o the_o people_n according_a to_o honour_n and_o quality_n give_v the_o better_a sort_n the_o name_n of_o patres_fw-la or_o patricii_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n the_o common_a title_n of_o plebeti_n to_o bind_v the_o two_o degree_n more_o firm_o together_o he_o recommend_v to_o the_o patrician_n some_o of_o the_o plebeian_n to_o protect_v and_o countenance_n the_o former_a be_v style_v patroni_fw-la and_o the_o other_o clientes_fw-la the_o patron_n be_v always_o their_o client_n counsellor_n in_o litigious_a case_n their_o advocate_n in_o judgement_n in_o short_a their_o adviser_n and_o overseer_n in_o all_o affair_n whatever_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o client_n faithful_o serve_v their_o patron_n not_o only_o pay_v they_o all_o imaginable_a respect_n and_o deference_n but_o if_o occasion_n require_v assist_v they_o with_o money_n towards_o the_o defray_n of_o any_o extraordinary_a charge_n but_o afterward_o when_o the_o state_n grow_v rich_a and_o great_a though_o all_o other_o good_a office_n continue_v between_o they_o yet_o it_o be_v think_v a_o dishonourable_a thing_n for_o the_o better_a sort_n to_o take_v any_o money_n of_o their_o inferior_n romulo_n inferior_n vide_fw-la diony_n lib._n 2._o liv._o lib._n 1._o plutarch_n in_o romulo_n the_o division_n of_o the_o people_n into_o the_o three_o distinct_a order_n of_o senator_n knight_n and_o commons_o take_v its_o rise_n about_o the_o time_n of_o tarquin_n expulsion_n the_o senator_n be_v such_o person_n as_o have_v be_v promote_v to_o sit_v in_o the_o supreme_a council_n of_o state_n either_o
valentinian_n soon_o after_o compel_v his_o widow_n eudoxia_n to_o accept_v of_o he_o as_o a_o husband_n when_o the_o empress_n entertain_v a_o mortaâ—_n hatred_n for_o he_o on_o many_o account_n send_v to_o genseric_n a_o famous_a king_n of_o the_o vandal_n and_o a_o confederate_a of_o the_o late_a emperor_n desire_v his_o assistance_n for_o the_o deliverance_n of_o herself_o and_o the_o city_n from_o the_o usurpation_n of_o the_o tyrant_n genseric_n easy_o obey_v and_o land_v with_o a_o prodigious_a army_n in_o italy_n enter_v rome_n without_o any_o opposition_n where_o contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n he_o seize_v on_o all_o the_o wealth_n and_o carry_v it_o with_o several_z thousand_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n into_o africa_n 7._o africa_n paul_n diacoâ—_n &_o evagrius_n hist_n eccles_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 7._o avitus_n the_o general_n in_o gaul_n be_v the_o next_o that_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n of_o emperor_n which_o he_o resign_v within_o eight_o month_n ibid._n month_n â—d_a ibid._n majorianus_n succeed_v and_o after_o three_o year_n leave_v the_o honour_n to_o severus_n or_o severian_n who_o have_v the_o happiness_n after_o four_o year_n reign_v to_o die_v a_o natural_a death_n 16._o death_n paul_n diacon_n lib._n 16._o after_o he_o anthemius_n be_v elect_v emperor_n who_o lose_v his_o life_n and_o dignity_n in_o a_o rebellion_n of_o his_o son-in-law_n ricimer_n ibid._n ricimer_n ibid._n and_o then_o olybrius_n be_v send_v from_o constantinople_n too_o with_o the_o same_o authority_n but_o die_v within_o seven_o month_n ibid._n month_n ibid._n liarius_n or_o glycerius_n who_o have_v be_v elect_v in_o his_o room_n by_o the_o soldier_n be_v immediate_o almost_o depose_v by_o nepos_n and_o he_o himself_o quick_o after_o by_o orestes_n success_n orestes_n jâ—â—â—andes_fw-fr de_fw-fr regn_n success_n who_o make_v his_o son_n augustus_n or_o augustulus_n emperor_n and_o now_o odoacer_n king_n of_o the_o heruli_n with_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n ravage_v all_o italy_n approach_v to_o rome_n and_o enter_v the_o city_n without_o any_o resistance_n and_o depose_v augustulus_n fecure_v the_o imperial_a dignity_n to_o himself_o and_o though_o he_o be_v force_v afterward_o to_o give_v place_n to_o theodoric_n the_o goth_n yet_o the_o roman_n have_v never_o after_o the_o least_o command_n in_o italy_n roma_fw-it antiqua_fw-la 1._o t._n jovis_n capitolinus_n 2._o t._n vestae_fw-la 3._o t._n pacis_fw-la 4._o t._n romae_fw-la 5._o t._n faustinae_n 6._o t._n saturni_n 7._o t._n jovis_fw-la statoris_fw-la 8._o ar._n sâ—â—â—ri_fw-la boarij_fw-la 9_o seâ—â—â—â—â—nâ—â—i_fw-la sâ—uâ—ri_fw-la 10._o insula_fw-la tiberina_n oâ—im_fw-la jovis_fw-la iâ—caonij_fw-la 11._o t._n fortunae_n virilis_n 12._o p._n portumni_fw-la 13._o alâ—ta_fw-la sudans_fw-la 14._o arcus_n domiâ—iani_n 15._o arcus_n gordiani_n 16._o aâ—marci_n â—t_z very_fw-la 17._o there_o alaâ—â—â—â—_n 18._o thou_z neâ—â—â—â—â—_n 19_o toriâ—_n at_o t._n 〈◊〉_d 20._o curia_fw-la hoâ—â—â—_n 21._o basilica_n alâ—â—â—_n 22._o basil_n aâ—â—â—â—â—_n 23._o pons_n jaâ—â—â—â—â—_n 24._o pons_n palâ—â—â—_n 25._o basil_n augâ—â—â—_n 26._o t._n nâ—rt_n 〈◊〉_d 27._o basil_n al._n sâ—â—â—_n 28._o pal._n august_n part_n 2._o book_n i._o of_o the_o city_n chap._n 1._o of_o the_o pomoerium_fw-la and_o of_o the_o form_n and_o bigness_n of_o the_o city_n according_a to_o the_o seven_o hill_n before_o we_o come_v to_o please_v ourselves_o with_o a_o particular_a view_n of_o the_o city_n we_o must_v by_o all_o mean_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o pomoerium_fw-la for_o the_o singularity_n to_o which_o it_o owe_v its_o original_a livy_n define_v the_o pomoerium_fw-la in_o general_a to_o be_v that_o space_n of_o ground_n both_o within_o and_o without_o the_o wall_n which_o the_o augur_n at_o the_o first_o building_n of_o city_n solemn_o consecrate_v and_o on_o which_o no_o edifice_n be_v suffer_v to_o be_v raise_v 1._o raise_v livy_n lib._n 1._o but_o the_o account_n which_o plutarch_n give_v we_o of_o this_o matter_n in_o reference_n to_o rome_n itself_o be_v sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v our_o curiosity_n and_o be_v deliver_v by_o he_o to_o this_o purpose_n romulus_n have_v send_v for_o some_o of_o the_o tuscan_n to_o instruct_v he_o in_o the_o ceremony_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o his_o new_a city_n the_o work_n be_v begin_v in_o this_o manner_n first_o they_o dig_v a_o trench_n and_o throw_v into_o it_o the_o first-fruit_n of_o all_o thing_n either_o good_a by_o custom_n or_o necessary_a by_o nature_n and_o every_o man_n take_v a_o small_a turf_n of_o earth_n of_o the_o country_n from_o whence_o he_o come_v they_o all_o cast_v they_o in_o promiscuous_o together_o make_v this_o trench_n their_o centre_n they_o describe_v the_o city_n in_o a_o cirdâ—_n round_o it_o then_o the_o founder_n sit_v to_o a_o plough_n a_o brazen_a ploughshare_n and_o yoke_a together_o a_o bull_n and_o a_o cow_n draw_v a_o deâ—â—_n line_n or_o furrow_n round_o the_o bound_n those_o that_o follow_v after_o taâ—king_v care_n that_o all_o the_o clod_n fall_v inward_o towards_o the_o city_n theâ—â—_n build_v the_o wall_n upon_o this_o line_n which_o they_o call_v pomoerium_fw-la froâ—â—_n ponâ—_n moenia_fw-la romul_n moenia_fw-la plutatch_n in_o romul_n it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o the_o same_o ceremony_n with_o which_o thâ—_n foundation_n of_o their_o city_n be_v at_o first_o lay_v they_o use_v too_o in_o destroy_v and_o rase_v place_n take_v from_o the_o enemy_n which_o we_o finâ—_n be_v begin_v by_o the_o chief_a commander_n turn_v up_o some_o of_o thâ—â—_n wall_n with_o a_o plough_n 3._o plough_n dempster_n paralipom_n to_o rosin_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o as_o to_o the_o form_n and_o bigness_n of_o the_o city_n we_o must_v follow_v thâ—â—_n common_a direction_n of_o the_o seven_o hill_n whence_o come_v the_o phrase_n of_o vrbs_fw-la septicollis_fw-la and_o the_o like_a so_o frequent_a with_o the_o poet_n of_o these_o mons_fw-la palatinus_n have_v ever_o have_v the_o preference_n whether_o so_o call_v from_o the_o people_n palantes_fw-la or_o palatini_n or_o from_o thâ—_n bleat_v and_o stroll_a of_o cattle_n in_o latin_a balare_fw-la and_o palare_fw-la 〈◊〉_d from_o pale_n the_o pastoral_a goddess_n or_o from_o the_o burying-place_n 〈◊〉_d pallas_n we_o find_v dispute_v and_o undetermined_a among_o their_o author_n it_o be_v in_o this_o place_n that_o romulus_n lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o cinâ—â—_n in_o a_o quadrangular_a form_n and_o here_o the_o same_o king_n and_o tullâ—â—_n hostilius_n keep_v their_o court_n as_o do_v afterward_o augustus_n and_o aâ—â—_n the_o succeed_a emperor_n on_o which_o account_n the_o word_n palatium_n come_v to_o signify_v a_o royal_a seat_n 4._o seat_n râ—sin_n antiq._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 4._o this_o hill_n to_o the_o east_n have_v mons_fw-la coelius_n to_o the_o south_n mons_fw-la avertinus_n to_o the_o west_n mons_fw-la capitolinus_n to_o the_o north_n the_o forum_n 3_o forum_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3_o in_o compass_v twelve_o hundred_o pace_n 1._o pace_n marlian_n topograph_n antiqâ—_n roma_fw-it lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la tarpeius_n take_v its_o name_n from_o tarpeia_n a_o roman_a virgin_n who_o betray_v the_o city_n to_o the_o sabine_n in_o this_o place_n remul_n place_n plutarch_n in_o remul_n it_o be_v call_v too_o mons_fw-la saturni_n and_o saturnius_n in_o honour_n of_o saturn_n who_o be_v report_v to_o have_v live_v here_o in_o his_o retirement_n and_o be_v ever_o repute_v the_o tutelar_a deity_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o city_n it_o have_v afterward_o the_o denomination_n of_o capitolinus_n from_o the_o head_n of_o a_o man_n casual_o find_v here_o in_o dig_v for_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o famous_a temple_n of_o jupiter_n 55._o jupiter_n liv._o lib._n 1._o cap._n 55._o callâ—d_fw-la capitolium_fw-la for_o the_o same_o reason_n this_o hill_n be_v add_v to_o the_o city_n by_o titus_n tatius_n king_n of_o the_o sabine_n when_o have_v be_v first_o overcome_v in_o the_o field_n by_o romulus_n he_o and_o his_o subject_n be_v permit_v to_o incorporate_v with_o the_o roman_n dionysâ—â—â—â—_n roman_n dionysâ—â—â—â—_n it_o have_v to_o the_o east_n mons_fw-la palatinus_n and_o the_o forum_n to_o the_o south_n the_o tiber_n to_o the_o west_n the_o level_a part_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o north_n collis_n quirinalis_n 3._o quirinalis_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_v seven_o stadia_fw-la or_o furlong_n 1._o furlong_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o collis_n quirinalis_n be_v so_o call_v either_o from_o the_o temple_n of_o quirinus_n another_o name_n of_o romulus_n or_o more_o probable_o from_o the_o curetes_n a_o people_n that_o remove_v hither_o with_o tatius_n from_o cure_n a_o sabine_a city_n festus_n city_n sext._n pomp._n festus_n it_o afterward_o change_v its_o name_n to_o caballus_fw-la mons_fw-la caballi_fw-la and_o caballinus_n from_o the_o two_o marble_n horse_n with_o each_o a_o servant_n to_o hold_v he_o by_o the_o bridle_n which_o be_v set_v up_o here_o they_o be_v still_o stand_v and_o if_o the_o inscription_n
on_o the_o pilaster_n be_v true_a be_v the_o work_n of_o phidias_n and_o praxiteles_n 3._o praxiteles_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o this_o hill_n be_v add_v to_o the_o city_n by_o numa_n 2._o numa_n diony_n halicarn_n lib._n 2._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v mons_fw-la esquilinus_n and_o mons_fw-la viminalis_fw-la to_o the_o south_n the_o forum_n of_o caesar_n and_o nerva_n to_o the_o west_n the_o level_a part_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o north_n collis_n hortulorum_fw-la and_o the_o campus_n martius_n 3._o martius_n fabricis_fw-la roma_fw-la cap._n 3._o in_o compass_v almost_o three_o mile_n 1._o mile_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la coelius_n owe_v its_o name_n to_o coelius_n or_o coele_n a_o famous_a tuscan_a general_n who_o pitch_v his_o tent_n here_o when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o assistance_n of_o romulus_n against_o the_o sabine_n 4._o sabine_n varro_n de_fw-fr ling._n lat._n lib._n 4._o livy_n 30._o livy_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 30._o and_o dionysius_n 3._o dionysius_n lib._n 3._o attribute_v the_o take_n of_o it_o in_o to_z tullus_z hostilius_n but_o strabo_n 5._o strabo_n geograph_n lib._n 5._o to_o ancus_n martius_n the_o other_o name_n by_o which_o it_o be_v sometime_o know_v be_v querculanus_n or_o quercetulanus_n and_o augustus_n the_o first_o occasion_v by_o the_o abundance_n of_o oak_n grow_v there_o the_o other_o impose_v by_o the_o emperor_n tiberius_n when_o he_o have_v raise_v new_a building_n upon_o it_o after_o a_o fire_n 48._o fire_n tacit._n ann._n 4._o suet._n in_o tib._n cap._n 48._o one_o part_n of_o this_o hill_n be_v call_v coeliolus_n and_o minor_a coelius_n 3._o coelius_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o city-wall_n to_o the_o south_n mons_fw-la aventinus_n to_o the_o west_n mons_fw-la palatinus_n to_o the_o north_n mons_fw-la esquilinus_n ibid._n esquilinus_n ibid._n in_o compass_n about_o two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a 1._o half_a marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la esquilinus_n be_v ancient_o call_v cispius_n and_o opius_n 3._o opius_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o the_o name_n of_o esquilinus_n be_v vary_v for_o the_o easy_a pronounciation_n from_o exquilinus_n a_o corruption_n of_o excubinus_n ab_fw-la excubiis_fw-la from_o the_o watch_n that_o romulus_n keep_v here_o 8._o here_o vid._n propert._n lib._n 2._o eleg._n 8._o it_o be_v take_v in_o by_o servius_n tullius_n 44._o tullius_n liv._o lib._n 1._o cap._n 44._o who_o have_v here_o his_o royal_a seat_n ibid._n seat_n ibid._n varro_z will_v have_v the_o esquiliae_n to_o be_v proper_o two_o mountain_n 4._o mountain_n de_fw-fr ling._n latin_n lib._n 4._o which_o opinion_n have_v be_v since_o approve_v of_o by_o a_o curious_a observer_n 1._o observer_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o city_n wall_n to_o the_o south_n the_o via_fw-la labicana_n to_o the_o west_n the_o valley_n lie_v between_o mons_fw-la coelius_n and_o mons_fw-la palatinus_n to_o the_o north_n collis_n viminalis_fw-la 3._o viminalis_fw-la fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_n about_o four_o mile_n 1._o mile_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la viminalis_fw-la derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o vimina_fw-la the_o vimina_fw-la osier_n that_o grow_v there_o in_o great_a plenty_n this_o hill_n be_v take_v in_o by_o servius_n tullius_n 4._o tullius_n diony_n lib._n 4._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o campus_n esquilinus_n and_o to_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o suburra_n and_o the_o forum_n to_o the_o west_n mons_fw-la quirinalis_n to_o the_o north_n the_o vallis_n quirinalis_n 3._o quirinalis_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_n two_o miles_n and_o a_o half_a 1._o half_a marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o the_o name_n of_o mons_fw-la aventinus_n have_v give_v great_a cause_n of_o dispute_n among_o the_o critic_n some_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o aventinus_n a_o alban_n king_n 4._o king_n varro_n de_fw-fr ling._n lat._n lib._n 4._o some_o from_o the_o river_n aven_n ibid._n aven_n ibid._n and_o other_o ab_fw-la avibus_fw-la from_o the_o bird_n which_o use_v to_o fly_v hither_o in_o great_a flock_n from_o the_o tiber_n ibid._n tiber_n ibid._n it_o be_v call_v too_o murcius_n from_o murcia_n the_o goddess_n of_o sleep_n who_o have_v here_o a_o sacellum_fw-la or_o little_a temple_n festus_n temple_n sext._n pomp._n festus_n collis_n dianae_n from_o the_o temple_n of_o diana_n martial_a diana_n martial_a and_o remonius_a from_o remus_n who_o will_v have_v have_v the_o city_n begin_v in_o this_o place_n and_o be_v here_o bury_v romal_n bury_v plutarch_n in_o romal_n a._n gellius_n affirm_v 14._o affirm_v lib._n 13._o cap._n 14._o that_o this_o hill_n be_v all_o along_o repute_v sacred_a be_v never_o enclose_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o city_n till_o the_o time_n of_o claudius_n but_o eutropius_n 1._o eutropius_n lib._n 1._o express_o attribute_n the_o take_n of_o it_o in_o to_o ancus_n maritius_n and_o a_o old_a epigram_n insert_v by_o caspinian_n in_o his_o comment_n on_o cassiodorus_n confirm_v the_o same_o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o city_n wall_n to_o the_o south_n the_o campus_n figulinus_n to_o the_o west_n the_o tiber_n to_o the_o north_n mons_fw-la palatinus_n 3._o palatinus_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o circuit_n eighteen_o stadia_fw-la or_o two_o mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n 1._o quarter_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap_n 1._o beside_o these_o seven_o principal_a hill_n three_o other_o of_o inferior_a note_n be_v take_v in_o in_o late_a time_n collis_n hortulorum_fw-la or_o hortorum_fw-la have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o famous_a garden_n of_o sallust_n adjoin_v to_o it_o 11._o it_o rosin_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 11._o it_o be_v afterward_o call_v pincius_n from_o the_o pincii_n a_o noble_a family_n who_o have_v here_o their_o seat_n ibid._n seat_n ibid._n the_o emperor_n aurelian_a first_o enclose_v it_o within_o the_o city_n wall_n ibid._n wall_n ibid._n to_o the_o east_n and_o south_n it_o have_v the_o plain_a part_n of_o mons_fw-la quirinalis_n to_o the_o west_n the_o vallis_n martia_n to_o the_o north_n the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n 3._o city_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_n about_o eighteen_o stadia_fw-la 1._o stadia_fw-la marlian_a lib_n 1._o câ—p_n 1._o janiculum_n or_o janicularis_fw-la be_v so_o call_v either_o from_o a_o old_a town_n of_o the_o same_o name_n say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o janus_n or_o because_o janus_n dwell_v and_o be_v bury_v here_o 11._o here_o rosin_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 11._o or_o because_o it_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o janua_n of_o janua_n gate_n to_o the_o roman_n whence_o they_o issue_v out_o upon_o the_o tuscan_n festus_n tuscan_n festus_n the_o sparkle_v sand_n have_v at_o present_a give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o mons_fw-la aureus_fw-la and_o by_o corruption_n montorius_n 3._o montorius_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o we_o may_v make_v two_o observation_n about_o this_o hill_n from_o one_o epigram_n of_o martial_a that_o it_o be_v the_o fit_a place_n to_o take_v once_o stand_v for_o a_o full_a prospect_n of_o the_o city_n and_o that_o it_o be_v less_o inhabit_v than_o the_o other_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o grossness_n of_o the_o air_n 64._o air_n marlial_a epig._n lib._n 4._o ep._n 64._o it_o be_v still_o famous_a for_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o numa_n and_o statius_n the_o poet_n 3._o poet_n fabricii_n rom._n lib_n 1._o cap._n 3._o to_o the_o east_n and_o south_n it_o have_v the_o tiber_n to_o the_o west_n the_o field_n to_o the_o north_n the_o vatican_n ibid._n vatican_n ibid._n in_o circuit_n as_o much_o of_o it_o as_o stand_v within_o the_o city_n wall_n five_o stadia_fw-la 1._o stadia_fw-la marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la vaticanus_n owe_v its_o name_n to_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o vates_fw-la or_o prophet_n that_o use_v to_o be_v give_v here_o or_o from_o the_o god_n vaticanus_n or_o vagitanus_n 〈◊〉_d vagitanus_n 〈◊〉_d it_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v enclose_v within_o the_o wall_n till_o the_o time_n of_o aurelian_a this_o hill_n be_v former_o famous_a for_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o scipio_n africanus_n some_o remain_v of_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v 2._o see_v warcup_n hist_n of_o italy_n book_n 2._o but_o it_o be_v more_o celebrate_v at_o present_a on_o the_o account_n of_o st._n peter_n church_n the_o pope_n palace_n and_o the_o noble_a library_n in_o the_o world_n to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o campus_n vatioanus_n and_o the_o river_n to_o the_o south_n the_o janiculum_n to_o the_o west_n the_o campus_n figulinus_n or_o potter_n field_n to_o the_o north_n the_o prata_n quintia_n 3._o quintia_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o it_o lie_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o bow_n draw_v up_o very_o high_a the_o convex_a part_n stretch_v almost_o a_o mile_n 1._o mile_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o as_o to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n the_o great_a we_o meet_v with_o in_o history_n be_v in_o the_o
etc._n etc._n semproniae_fw-la leges_fw-la the_o author_n c._n sempronius_n gracchus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 630._o command_a that_o no_o capital_a judgement_n shall_v be_v make_v upon_o a_o citizen_n without_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o people_n and_o make_v several_a other_o regulation_n in_o this_o affair_n etc._n affair_n cic._n pro_fw-la rabirio_n pro_fw-la domo_fw-la suâ_fw-la pro_fw-la cluentio_fw-la etc._n etc._n papia_n lex_fw-la de_fw-la peregrinis_fw-la the_o author_n c._n papius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 688._o command_a that_o all_o stranger_n shall_v be_v expel_v rome_n balbo_n rome_n cic._n pro_fw-la balbo_n junia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n junius_n pennus_n a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a law_n and_o a_o forbid_a that_o any_o stranger_n shall_v be_v allow_v the_o privilege_n of_o citizen_n 3._o citizen_n cic._n offic._n lib._n 3._o servilia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n servilius_n glaucia_n ordain_v that_o if_o any_o latin_a accuse_v a_o roman_a senator_n so_o that_o he_o be_v convict_v the_o accuser_n shall_v be_v honour_v with_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o citizen_n of_o rome_n balbo_n rome_n ascon_n in_o orat._n pro_fw-la scauro_fw-la cic._n pro_fw-la balbo_n licinia_n mutia_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n licinius_n crassus_n and_o q._n mutius_n scaevola_n in_o their_o consulship_n a._n 658._o order_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o italy_n to_o be_v enroll_v in_o the_o list_n of_o citizen_n in_o their_o own_o proper_a city_n balbo_n city_n cic._n de_fw-fr offic._n lib._n 3._o &_o pro_fw-la balbo_n livia_n lex_fw-la de_fw-la sociis_fw-la in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 662._o m._n livins_n drusus_n propose_v a_o law_n to_o make_v all_o the_o italian_n free_a denizen_n of_o rome_n but_o before_o it_o come_v to_o be_v vote_v he_o be_v find_v murder_v in_o his_o house_n the_o author_n unknown_a 3._o unknown_a flor._n lib._n 3._o cap._n 17._o cic._n the_o lag_a lib._n 3._o varia_n lex_fw-la upon_o the_o death_n of_o drusus_n the_o knight_n prevail_v with_o his_o colleague_n q._n varius_n hybrida_n to_o bring_v in_o a_o bill_n for_o the_o prosecute_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o shall_v be_v discover_v to_o have_v assist_v the_o italian_a people_n in_o their_o petition_n for_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o city_n 6._o city_n cic._n in_o bruto_fw-la val._n max._n lib._n 8._o cap._n 6._o julia_n lex_fw-la de_fw-la civitate_fw-la the_o next_o year_n upon_o the_o revolt_n of_o several_a state_n in_o italy_n which_o they_o call_v the_o social_n war_n l._n julius_n caesar_n the_o consul_n make_v a_o law_n that_o all_o those_o people_n who_o have_v continue_v firm_a to_o the_o roman_a interest_n shall_v have_v the_o privilege_n of_o citizen_n balbo_n citizen_n cic._n pro_fw-la balbo_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 664._o upon_o the_o conclusion_n of_o that_o war_n all_o the_o italian_a people_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o roll_n of_o free_a denizen_n and_o divide_v into_o eight_o new_a tribe_n 1._o tribe_n appian_n lib._n 1._o sylvani_n &_o carbonis_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o author_n sylvanus_n and_o carbo_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o year_n 664._o ordain_v that_o any_o person_n who_o have_v be_v admit_v free_a denizen_n of_o any_o of_o the_o confederate_a city_n and_o have_v a_o dwelling_n in_o italy_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_v this_o law_n and_o have_v carry_v in_o their_o name_n to_o the_o praetor_n in_o sixty_o day_n time_n shall_v have_v the_o privilege_n of_o citizen_n of_o rome_n archia_fw-la rome_n cic._n pro._n archia_fw-la sulpitia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n sulpitius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 665._o ordain_v that_o the_o new_a citizen_n who_o compose_v the_o eight_o tribe_n shall_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o thirty_o five_o old_a tribe_n as_o a_o great_a honour_n 77._o honour_n plut._n in_o sylla_n epit._n liv._o 77._o cornelia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n cornelius_n silvius_n a._n 670._o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a law_n to_o please_v the_o italian_a confederate_n 86._o confederate_n epit._n liv._o 86._o cornelia_n lex_fw-la de_fw-la municipiis_fw-la the_o author_n the_o same_o silvius_n in_o hâ—s_n dictatorship_n take_v away_o the_o privilege_n former_o grant_v to_o the_o corporate_a town_n from_o as_o many_o as_o have_v assist_v marius_n cinna_n sulpicius_n or_o any_o of_o the_o contrary_a faction_n suâ_fw-la faction_n cic._n pro_fw-la domo_fw-la suâ_fw-la gellia_n cornelia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n gellius_n poplicola_n and_o cn._n cornelius_n lentulus_n a._n 681._o ordain_v that_o all_o those_o person_n who_o pompey_n by_o his_o own_o authority_n have_v honour_v with_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o city_n shall_v actual_o keep_v that_o liberty_n balbo_n liberty_n cic._n pro_fw-la balbo_n chap._n xxiv_o law_n concern_v meeting_n and_o assembly_n aelia_n lex_fw-la ordain_v that_o in_o all_o assembly_n of_o the_o people_n the_o augur_n shall_v make_v observation_n from_o the_o heaven_n and_o that_o the_o magistrate_n shall_v have_v the_o power_n of_o declare_v against_o the_o proceed_n and_o of_o interpose_v in_o the_o decision_n of_o any_o matter_n fusia_n lex_fw-la ordain_v that_o upon_o some_o certain_a day_n though_o they_o be_v fasti_fw-la it_o shall_v be_v unlawful_a to_o transact_v any_o thing_n in_o a_o meeting_n of_o the_o people_n the_o author_n of_o these_o two_o law_n be_v unknown_a but_o p._n manutius_n conjecture_n that_o the_o first_o be_v owe_v to_o q._n aelius_n paetus_n consul_n with_o m._n junius_n pennus_n a._n 586._o the_o other_o to_o p._n furius_n or_o fusius_fw-la consul_n with_o s._n attilius_n sâ—rranus_n a._n 617._o the_o law_n themselves_o occur_v frequent_o in_o writer_n clodia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n clodius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 695._o contain_v a_o abrogation_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o two_o former_a law_n and_o order_v that_o no_o observation_n shall_v be_v make_v from_o the_o heaven_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o the_o comitia_fw-la and_o that_o on_o any_o of_o the_o die_v fasti_fw-la law_n may_v be_v enact_v in_o a_o public_a assembly_n pâ—sâ—manars_n assembly_n asâ—â—_n in_o pâ—sâ—manars_n curia_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n curius_n dentatus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 454._o ordain_v that_o not_o comitia_fw-la shall_v be_v convene_v for_o the_o election_n of_o magistrate_n without_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o senate_n ut_fw-la ante_fw-la comitia_fw-la magistratuum_fw-la patres_fw-la anctores_fw-la fierent_fw-la oratoribuâ—_n fierent_fw-la cic._n the_o clarie_n oratoribuâ—_n claudia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n claudius_n marcellus_n consul_n with_o seru._n sulpitius_n rufus_n a._n 702._o order_v that_o at_o the_o comitia_fw-la for_o the_o election_n of_o magistrate_n no_o account_n shall_v be_v take_v of_o the_o absent_a julio_n absent_a suet._n in_o julio_n gabinia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n a._n gabinius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 614._o command_a that_o in_o the_o comitia_fw-la for_o the_o election_n of_o magistrate_n the_o people_n shall_v not_o give_v their_o suffrage_n viuà _fw-fr voce_fw-mi but_o by_o tablet_n for_o the_o great_a freedom_n and_o impartiality_n of_o the_o proceed_n 3._o proceed_n cic._n de_fw-fr amicit._n &_o pro_fw-la plancio_n &_o de_fw-fr leg._n lib._n 3._o cassia_n lex_n enact_v about_o two_o year_n after_o command_a that_o in_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o in_o the_o comitia_fw-la tributa_fw-la the_o vote_n shall_v be_v give_v in_o a_o free_a manner_n that_o be_v by_o tabler_n laelio_n tabler_n cic._n in_o laelio_n papiria_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n papirius_n carbo_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 621._o ordain_v that_o in_o the_o comitia_fw-la about_o the_o pass_a or_o reject_v of_o law_n the_o suffrage_n shall_v be_v give_v by_o tablet_n 3._o tablet_n cic._n de_fw-fr leg._n lib._n 3._o celia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n coelius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 635_o ordain_v that_o in_o the_o judicial_a proceed_n before_o the_o people_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n which_o have_v be_v except_v by_o the_o cassian_n law_n the_o vote_n shall_v be_v give_v by_o tablet_n ibid._n tablet_n id._n ibid._n sempronia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n sempronius_n gracchus_n in_o the_o same_o year_n as_o the_o former_a order_v that_o the_o century_n shall_v be_v choose_v out_o by_o lot_n to_o give_v their_o vote_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o class_n casarem_fw-la class_n sallust_n in_o orat._n 2._o ad_fw-la casarem_fw-la maria_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n marius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 634._o order_v the_o bridge_n or_o long_a plank_n on_o which_o the_o people_n stand_v in_o the_o comitia_fw-la to_o give_v their_o voice_n to_o be_v make_v narrow_a that_o no_o other_o person_n may_v stand_v there_o to_o hinder_v the_o proceed_n by_o appeal_n or_o other_o disturbance_n mario_n disturbance_n cic._n de_fw-fr leg._n lib._n 3._o plut._n in_o mario_n sempronia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n sempronius_n gracchus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 565._o ordain_v
adorn_v with_o copper_n cut_v 8_o vo_z now_o in_o the_o press_n a_o universal_a dictonary_n explain_v all_o difficult_a english_a word_n ancient_a and_o modern_a as_o also_o the_o term_n use_v in_o all_o art_n and_o science_n together_o with_o their_o etymology_n collect_v from_o the_o most_o esteem_a author_n ancient_a and_o modern_a and_o make_v more_o accurate_a and_o complete_a than_o any_o hitherto_o extant_a by_o several_a person_n particular_o learn_v in_o the_o science_n they_o undertake_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o whole_a will_v be_v digest_v into_o alphabetical_a order_n and_o contain_v in_o one_o entire_a volume_n in_o folio_n the_o antiquity_n of_o greece_n or_o a_o account_n of_o the_o religion_n civil_a government_n magistrate_n law_n custom_n military_a discipline_n arm_n public_a building_n exercise_n sport_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n with_o a_o description_n of_o the_o city_n of_o athens_n etc._n etc._n 8_o vo_z the_o life_n of_o the_o apostle_n new_o translate_v out_o of_o french_a part_n i._o the_o original_a growth_n and_o decay_n of_o the_o roman_a commonwealth_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o building_n of_o the_o city_n while_o we_o view_v the_o original_a of_o state_n and_o kingdom_n the_o most_o delightful_a and_o surprise_v part_n of_o history_n we_o easy_o discern_v as_o the_o first_o and_o fair_a prospect_n the_o rise_v of_o the_o jewish_a and_o roman_a commonwealth_n of_o which_o as_o the_o former_a have_v the_o honour_n always_o to_o be_v esteem_v the_o favourite_n of_o heaven_n and_o the_o peculiar_a care_n of_o divine_a providence_n so_o the_o other_o have_v very_o good_a pretension_n to_o style_v herself_o the_o darling_n of_o fortune_n who_o seem_v to_o express_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a fondness_n for_o this_o her_o young_a daughter_n as_o if_o she_o have_v design_v the_o three_o former_a monarchy_n pure_o for_o a_o foil_n to_o set_v off_o this_o latter_a their_o own_o historian_n rare_o begin_v without_o a_o fit_a of_o wonder_n and_o before_o they_o proceed_v to_o delineate_v the_o glorious_a scene_n give_v themselves_o the_o liberty_n of_o stand_v still_o some_o time_n to_o admire_v at_o a_o distance_n for_o the_o founder_n of_o the_o city_n and_o republic_n author_n have_v long_a since_o agree_v on_o romulus_n son_n of_o rhea_n sylvia_n and_o descendant_n of_o aeneas_n from_o who_o his_o pedigree_n may_v be_v thus_o in_o short_a derive_v upon_o the_o final_a ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o troy_n by_o the_o grecian_n aeneas_n with_o a_o small_a number_n of_o follower_n have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o secure_v himself_o by_o slight_a his_o escape_n be_v very_o much_o countenance_v by_o the_o enemy_n inasmuch_o as_o upon_o all_o occasion_n he_o have_v erpress_v his_o inclination_n to_o a_o peace_n and_o to_o the_o restore_n of_o helâ—â—_n the_o unhappy_a cause_n of_o all_o the_o mischief_n sail_v thus_o from_o treyn_n after_o a_o tedious_a voyage_n and_o great_a variety_n of_o adventure_n he_o aâ—â—rived_v at_o last_o at_o latium_n a_o part_n of_o italy_n so_o call_v à _fw-la latendo_fw-la oâ—â—_n from_o lie_v bid_v be_v the_o place_n that_o saturn_n have_v choose_v for_o his_o retirement_n when_o expel_v the_o kingdom_n of_o crete_n by_o his_o rebellious_a son_n jupiter_n here_o apply_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o country_n at_o that_o time_n latinus_n he_o obtain_v his_o only_a daughter_n lavinia_n 〈◊〉_d marriage_n and_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father-in-law_n be_v leave_v be_v possession_n of_o the_o crown_n he_o remove_v the_o imperial_a seat_n from_o laurentum_n to_o lavinium_n a_o city_n which_o he_o have_v build_v himself_o iâ—â—_n honour_n of_o his_o wise_a and_o decease_a soon_o after_o the_o right_a 〈◊〉_d succession_n rest_v in_o ascanius_n whether_o his_o son_n by_o a_o former_a wife_n and_o the_o same_o he_o bring_v with_o he_o from_o troy_n or_o another_o of_o thaâ—_n name_n which_o he_o have_v by_o lavinia_n livy_n leave_v undetermined_a ascanius_n be_v under_o age_n the_o government_n be_v entrust_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o lavinia_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v grow_v up_o he_o leave_v his_o mother_n in_o possession_n of_o lavinium_n and_o remove_v with_o part_n of_o the_o man_n lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o new_a city_n along_o the_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n albanus_n call_v from_o thence_o longa_n alba._n after_o he_o by_o a_o succession_n of_o eleven_o prince_n the_o kingdom_n devolve_v at_o laâ—â—_n to_o procas_n procas_n at_o his_o death_n leave_v two_o son_n numitor_n and_o amulius_n of_o who_o amulius_n overreach_v his_o elder_a brother_n obligâ—â—_n he_o to_o quit_v his_o claim_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o he_o thereupon_o securâ—â—_n to_o himself_o and_o to_o prevent_v all_o disturbance_n that_o may_v probable_o arise_v to_o he_o or_o his_o posterity_n from_o the_o elder_a family_n make_v away_o with_o all_o the_o male_n he_o constrain_v numitor_n only_a daughter_n rhea_n sylvia_n to_o take_v on_o she_o the_o habit_n of_o a_o vestal_a and_o consequent_o a_o vow_n of_o perpetual_a virginity_n however_o the_o princess_n be_v soon_o after_o find_v with_o child_n and_o deliver_v of_o two_o boy_n remulus_n and_o remus_n the_o tyrant_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o truth_n immediate_o condemn_v his_o niece_n to_o strait_a imprisonment_n and_o the_o infant_n to_o be_v expose_v or_o carry_v and_o leave_v in_o a_o strange_a place_n where_o â—_z very_o improbable_a they_o shall_v meet_v with_o any_o relief_n theâ—_n servant_n who_o have_v the_o care_n of_o this_o inhuman_a office_n leave_v the_o child_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o tree_n by_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n tiber_n in_o this_o sad_a condition_n they_o be_v casual_o discover_v by_o faustulâ—â—_n the_o king_n shepherd_n who_o be_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o the_o plot_n take_v the_o infant_n up_o and_o carry_v they_o home_o to_o his_o wife_n laurentia_n to_o be_v â—ursed_v with_o his_o own_o child_n 1._o child_n lavy_n lib._n 1._o this_o wife_n of_o his_o have_v former_o be_v a_o common_a prostitute_n call_v in_o latin_a lupa_n which_o word_n signify_v likewise_o a_o she-wolf_n give_v occasion_n to_o the_o story_n of_o their_o be_v nurse_v by_o such_o a_o beast_n though_o some_o take_v the_o word_n always_o in_o a_o literal_a sense_n and_o maintain_v that_o they_o real_o subsist_v some_o time_n by_o suck_v such_o a_o creature_n before_o they_o have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o be_v relieve_v by_o fausâ—uluâ—_n 1._o fausâ—uluâ—_n see_v dempster_n note_n to_o r_o sinus's_fw-fr antiquity_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o the_o boy_n as_o they_o grow_v up_o discover_v the_o natural_a greatness_n of_o their_o mind_n and_o thought_n addict_v themselves_o to_o the_o generous_a exercise_n of_o hunt_v race_v take_v of_o robber_n and_o suchlike_a and_o always_o express_v a_o great_a desire_n of_o undertake_v any_o enterprise_n that_o appear_v hazardous_a and_o noble_a râ—muluâ—_n noble_a plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o râ—muluâ—_n now_o there_o happen_v a_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o herdsman_n of_o numitor_n and_o amuâ—ius_n the_o former_a light_n casual_o on_o remus_n bring_v he_o before_o their_o master_n to_o be_v examine_v numitor_n learning_n from_o his_o own_o mouth_n the_o strange_a circumstance_n of_o his_o education_n and_o fortune_n easy_o guess_v he_o to_o be_v one_o of_o his_o grandson_n who_o have_v be_v expose_v he_o be_v soon_o confirm_v in_o this_o conjecture_n upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o faustulus_n and_o romulus_n when_o the_o whole_a business_n be_v lay_v open_a upon_o consultation_n have_v gain_v over_o to_o their_o party_n a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o the_o disaffect_v citizen_n they_o contrive_v to_o surprise_v amulius_n and_o re-establish_a numitor._n this_o design_n be_v soon_o after_o very_o happy_o put_v in_o execution_n the_o tyrant_n slay_v and_o the_o old_a king_n restore_v to_o a_o full_a enjoyment_n of_o the_o crown_n 1._o crown_n ibid._n and_o lavy_n lib_n 1._o the_o young_a prince_n have_v no_o soon_o re-seated_n their_o grandfather_n in_o his_o throne_n but_o they_o begin_v to_o think_v of_o procure_v one_o for_o themselves_o they_o have_v high_a thought_n than_o to_o take_v up_o with_o the_o reversion_n of_o a_o kingdom_n and_o be_v unwilling_a to_o live_v in_o alba_n because_o they_o can_v not_o govern_v there_o so_o take_v with_o they_o their_o foster-father_n and_o what_o other_o they_o can_v get_v together_o they_o begin_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o new_a city_n in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o in_o their_o infancy_n they_o have_v be_v bring_v up_o 1._o up_o pluterâ—h_o as_o before_o and_o lavy_a lib._n 1._o the_o first_o wall_n be_v scarce_o finish_v when_o upon_o a_o slight_a quarrel_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o be_v various_o report_v by_o historian_n the_o young_a brother_n have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o be_v slay_v thus_o the_o whole_a power_n come_v into_o romulus_n hand_n who_o carry_v on_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o
work_n give_v the_o city_n a_o name_n in_o allusion_n to_o his_o own_o and_o have_v be_v ever_o account_v the_o founder_n and_o patron_n of_o the_o roman_a commonwealth_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o roman_a affair_n under_o the_o king_n the_o witty_a historian_n history_n historian_n florus_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o history_n have_v very_o good_a reason_n to_o entitle_v the_o reign_n of_o the_o king_n the_o infancy_n of_o rome_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o under_o they_o she_o be_v hardly_o able_a to_o find_v she_o own_o leg_n and_o at_o the_o best_a have_v but_o a_o very_a feeble_a motion_n the_o great_a part_n of_o romulus_n time_n be_v take_v up_o in_o make_v law_n and_o regulation_n for_o the_o commonwealth_n three_o of_o his_o state-design_n i_o mean_v the_o asylum_n the_o rape_n of_o the_o sabine_a virgin_n and_o his_o way_n of_o treat_v those_o few_o who_o he_o conquer_v as_o they_o far_o exceed_v the_o politic_n of_o those_o time_n so_o they_o contribute_v in_o a_o extraordinary_a degree_n to_o a_o advancement_n of_o the_o new_a empire_n but_o then_o numa_n long_a reign_n serve_v only_o for_o the_o establishment_n of_o priest_n and_o religious_a order_n and_o in_o those_o three_o and_o forty_o year_n numa_n year_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o numa_n rome_n gain_v not_o so_o much_o as_o one_o foot_n of_o ground_n tullus_n hostilius_n be_v whole_o employ_v to_o convert_v his_o subject_n from_o the_o please_a amusement_n of_o superstition_n to_o the_o rough_a institution_n of_o martial_a discipline_n yet_o we_o find_v nothing_o memorable_a relate_v of_o his_o conquest_n only_o that_o after_o a_o long_a and_o dubious_a war_n the_o roman_n entire_o ruin_v their_o old_a mother_n alba_n 3._o alba_n florus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o after_o he_o anem_fw-la marcius_n lay_v aside_o all_o thought_n of_o extend_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o empire_n apply_v himself_o whole_o to_o strengthen_v and_o beautify_v the_o city_n 4._o city_n idem_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 4._o and_o esteem_v the_o commodiousness_n and_o magnificence_n of_o that_o the_o noble_a design_n he_o can_v possible_o be_v engage_v in_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n though_o not_o altogether_o so_o quiet_a as_o his_o predecessor_n yet_o consult_v very_o little_a else_o beside_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o majesty_n of_o the_o government_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o which_o he_o appoint_v the_o ornament_n and_o badge_n of_o the_o several_a officer_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o common_a people_n 5._o people_n idem_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 5._o a_o more_o peaceful_a temper_n appear_v in_o servius_n tullius_n who_o principal_a study_n be_v to_o have_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o according_a to_o those_o to_o divide_v they_o into_o tribe_n 6._o tribe_n florus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 6._o that_o so_o they_o may_v contribute_v with_o justice_n and_o proportion_n to_o the_o public_a expense_n of_o the_o state_n tarquin_n the_o proud_a though_o perhaps_o more_o engage_v in_o war_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n 7._o predecessor_n see_v florus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 7._o yet_o have_v in_o his_o nature_n such_o a_o strange_a composition_n of_o the_o most_o extravagant_a vice_n as_o must_v necessary_o have_v prove_v fatal_a to_o the_o grow_a tyranny_n and_o have_v not_o the_o death_n of_o the_o unfortunate_a lucretia_n administer_v to_o the_o people_n a_o opportunity_n of_o liberty_n yet_o a_o far_o slight_a matter_n will_v have_v serve_v they_o for_o a_o specious_a reason_n to_o endeavour_v the_o assertion_n of_o their_o right_n however_o on_o this_o accident_n all_o be_v sudden_o transport_v with_o such_o a_o mixture_n of_o fury_n and_o compassion_n that_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o brutus_n and_o collatinus_n to_o who_o the_o die_a lady_n have_v recommend_v the_o revenge_n of_o her_o injure_a honour_n 9_o honour_n idem_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 9_o rush_v immediate_o upon_o the_o tyrant_n they_o expel_v he_o and_o his_o whole_a family_n a_o new_a form_n of_o government_n be_v now_o resolve_v on_o and_o because_o to_o live_v under_o a_o divide_a power_n carry_v something_o of_o complacency_n in_o the_o prospect_n poplicola_n prospect_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o poplicola_n they_o unanimous_o confer_v the_o supreme_a command_n on_o the_o two_o generous_a asserter_n of_o their_o liberty_n 9_o liberty_n ibid._n &_o florus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 9_o thus_o end_v the_o royal_a administration_n after_o it_o have_v continue_v about_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n florus_n in_o his_o reflection_n on_o this_o first_o age_n of_o rome_n can_v forbear_v applaud_v the_o happy_a fate_n of_o his_o country_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v bless_v in_o that_o weak_a age_n with_o a_o succession_n of_o prince_n so_o fortunate_o different_a in_o their_o aim_n and_o design_n as_o if_o heaven_n have_v purposely_o adapt_v they_o to_o the_o several_a exigency_n of_o the_o state_n 8._o state_n idem_fw-la cap._n 8._o and_o the_o famous_a machiavelli_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n 19_o opinion_n machtavel_n discourse_n on_o livy_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 19_o but_o a_o judicious_a author_n 1._o author_n mounseur_fw-fr st._n euremont_n reflection_n on_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n cap._n 1._o have_v late_o observe_v that_o this_o difference_n of_o genius_n in_o the_o king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o procure_v any_o advantage_n to_o the_o roman_a people_n that_o their_o small_a increase_n under_o that_o government_n be_v referable_a to_o no_o other_o cause_n however_o thus_o far_o we_o be_v assure_v that_o those_o seven_o prince_n leave_v behind_o a_o dominion_n of_o no_o large_a extent_n than_o that_o of_o parma_n or_o mantua_n at_o present_a chap._n iii_o of_o the_o roman_a affair_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o consular_a government_n to_o the_o first_o punic_n war._n the_o tyrant_n be_v no_o soon_o expel_v but_o as_o it_o usual_o happen_v there_o be_v great_a plot_v and_o design_v for_o his_o restauration_n among_o several_a other_o young_a nobleman_n brutus_n his_n two_o son_n have_v engage_v themselves_o in_o the_o association_n but_o the_o conspiracy_n be_v happy_o discover_v and_o the_o traitor_n bring_v before_o the_o consul_n in_o order_n to_o their_o punishment_n brutus_n only_o address_v himself_o to_o his_o two_o son_n and_o demand_v whether_o they_o have_v any_o defence_n to_o make_v against_o the_o indictment_n upon_o their_o silence_n order_v they_o immediate_o to_o be_v behead_v and_o stay_v himself_o to_o see_v the_o execution_n commit_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o colleague_n pâ—â—licola_n colleague_n 〈◊〉_d in_o vitâ—_n pâ—â—licola_n no_o action_n among_o the_o old_a roman_n have_v make_v a_o great_a noise_n than_o this_o it_o will_v be_v exceed_v difficult_a to_o determine_v whether_o it_o proceed_v from_o a_o motion_n of_o heroic_a virtue_n or_o the_o hardness_n of_o a_o cruel_a and_o unnatural_a humour_n or_o whether_o ambition_n have_v not_o as_o great_a a_o share_n in_o it_o as_o either_o but_o though_o the_o flame_n be_v so_o happy_o stifle_v within_o the_o city_n it_o soon_o break_v out_o with_o great_a fury_n abroâ—d_v for_o tarquin_n be_v not_o only_o receive_v with_o all_o imaginable_a kindness_n and_o respect_n by_o the_o neighbour_a state_n but_o supply_v too_o with_o all_o necessary_n in_o order_n to_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o dominion_n the_o most_o powerful_a prince_n in_o italy_n be_v at_o that_o time_n porsenna_n king_n of_o hetruria_n or_o tuscany_n who_o not_o content_a to_o furnish_v he_o with_o the_o same_o supply_n as_o the_o rest_n apprâ—â—â—ed_v with_o a_o numerous_a army_n in_o his_o behalf_n to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o rome_n 1._o rome_n ilem_fw-la 〈…〉_o lib._n 1._o the_o city_n be_v in_o great_a hazard_n of_o be_v take_v when_o a_o admiration_n of_o the_o virtue_n and_o gallant_a disposition_n of_o the_o roman_n induee_v the_o besieger_n to_o a_o peace_n poplicol_n peace_n plut._n in_o poplicol_n the_o most_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o this_o extraordinary_a courage_n be_v cocles_n mutius_n and_o câ—â—lla_n câ—cles_n when_o the_o roman_n be_v beat_v back_o in_o a_o unfortunate_a sally_n and_o the_o enemy_n make_v good_a their_o pursuit_n to_o the_o very_a bridge_n only_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o two_o person_n defend_v it_o against_o their_o whole_a power_n till_o his_o own_o party_n break_v it_o down_o behind_o and_o then_o cast_v himself_o in_o his_o armour_n into_o the_o river_n and_o swim_v over_o to_o the_o other_o side_n ibid._n side_n plut._n ibid._n mutius_n have_v fail_v in_o a_o attempt_n upon_o porsenna_n person_n and_o be_v bring_v before_o the_o king_n to_o be_v examine_v thrust_v his_o right-hand_n which_o have_v commit_v the_o mistake_n into_o a_o pan_n of_o coal_n that_o stand_v ready_a for_o the_o sacrifice_n upon_o which_o generous_a action_n he_o be_v dismiss_v without_o far_a injury_n as_o for_o claelia_n she_o with_o
other_o noble_a virgin_n have_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o enemy_n for_o hostage_n on_o account_n of_o a_o truce_n when_o obtain_v the_o liberty_n to_o bathe_v themselves_o in_o tiber_n she_o get_v on_o horseback_n before_o the_o rest_n encourage_v they_o to_o follow_v she_o through_o the_o water_n to_o the_o roman_n though_o the_o consul_n generous_o send_v they_o back_o to_o the_o enemy_n camp_n porsenna_n have_v no_o soon_o draw_v off_o his_o army_n but_o the_o sabine_n and_o latin_n join_v in_o a_o confederacy_n against_o rome_n and_o though_o they_o be_v extreme_o weaken_a by_o the_o desertion_n of_o appius_n claudius_n who_o go_v over_o with_o five_o thousand_o family_n to_o the_o roman_n yet_o they_o can_v not_o be_v entire_o subdue_v till_o they_o receive_v a_o total_a overthrow_n from_o valerius_n poplicola_n ibid._n poplicola_n ibid._n but_o the_o aequi_n and_o the_o volsci_n the_o most_o obstinate_a of_o the_o latin_n and_o the_o continual_a enemy_n of_o rome_n carry_v on_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o war_n for_o several_a year_n till_o it_o be_v happy_o conclude_v by_o lucius_n quinctius_n the_o famous_a dictator_n take_v from_o the_o plough_n in_o less_o than_o fifteen_o day_n time_n upon_o which_o florus_n have_v this_o witty_a remark_n that_o he_o make_v more_o than_o ordinary_a haste_n to_o his_o unfinished_a work_n 11._o work_n florus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 11._o but_o they_o that_o make_v the_o great_a opposition_n be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o veii_n the_o head_n of_o tuscany_n a_o city_n not_o inferior_a to_o rome_n either_o in_o store_n of_o arm_n or_o multitude_n of_o soldier_n they_o have_v contend_v with_o the_o roman_n in_o a_o long_a series_n of_o battle_n for_o glory_n and_o empire_n but_o have_v be_v weaken_a and_o bring_v down_o in_o several_a encounter_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o secure_v themselves_o within_o their_o wall_n and_o after_o a_o ten_o year_n siege_n the_o town_n be_v force_v and_o sack_v by_o camillus_n life_n camillus_n plutard_n in_o his_o life_n in_o this_o manner_n be_v the_o roman_n extend_v their_o conquest_n when_o the_o irruption_n of_o the_o gaul_n make_v a_o strange_a alteration_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o italy_n they_o be_v at_o this_o time_n besiege_v clusium_n a_o tascan_a city_n the_o clusian_o send_v to_o the_o roman_n desire_v they_o to_o interpose_v by_o ambassador_n on_o their_o behalf_n their_o request_n be_v easy_o grant_v and_o three_o of_o the_o fabii_n person_n of_o the_o high_a rank_n in_o the_o city_n dispatch_v for_o this_o purpose_n to_o the_o gallic_a camp_n the_o gaul_n in_o respect_n to_o the_o name_n of_o rome_n receive_v they_o with_o all_o imaginable_a civility_n but_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v prevail_v on_o to_o quit_v the_o siege_n whereupon_o the_o ambassador_n go_v into_o the_o town_n and_o encourage_v the_o clusian_o to_o a_o sally_n one_o of_o they_o be_v see_v personal_o engage_v in_o the_o action_n this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v resent_v in_o so_o high_a a_o manner_n by_o the_o enemy_n that_o break_v up_o from_o before_o clusium_n the_o whole_a army_n march_v direct_o towards_o rome_n about_o eleven_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n they_o meet_v with_o the_o roman_a army_n command_v by_o the_o military_a tribune_n who_o engage_v without_o any_o order_n or_o discipline_n receive_v a_o entire_a defeat_n upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o this_o ill_a news_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n immediate_o flee_v those_o that_o resolve_v to_o stay_v fortify_v themselves_o in_o the_o capitol_n the_o gaul_n soon_o appear_v at_o the_o city-gate_n and_o destroy_v all_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n carry_v on_o the_o siege_n of_o the_o capitol_n with_o all_o imaginable_a fury_n at_o last_o resolve_v on_o a_o general_a assault_n they_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o cackle_v of_o the_o goose_n that_o be_v keep_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o as_o many_o as_o have_v climb_v the_o rampart_n be_v drive_v down_o by_o the_o valiant_a manlius_n when_o camillus_n set_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o rear_n with_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n that_o he_o get_v together_o about_o the_o country_n give_v they_o a_o total_a overthrow_n the_o great_a part_n of_o those_o that_o escape_v our_o of_o the_o field_n be_v cut_v off_o in_o straggle_a party_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o neighbour_a town_n and_o village_n the_o city_n have_v be_v so_o entire_o demolish_v that_o upon_o the_o return_n of_o the_o people_n they_o think_v of_o remove_v to_o veii_n a_o city_n ready_a build_v and_o excellent_o provide_v of_o all_o thing_n but_o be_v divert_v from_o this_o design_n by_o a_o omen_n as_o they_o think_v they_o set_v to_o the_o work_n with_o such_o extraordinary_a diligence_n and_o application_n that_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o year_n the_o whole_a city_n be_v rebuilt_a they_o have_v scarce_o gain_v a_o breathing-time_n after_o their_o trouble_n when_o the_o unite_a power_n of_o the_o aequi_n volsci_n and_o other_o inhabitant_n of_o latium_n at_o once_o invade_v their_o territory_n but_o they_o be_v soon_o overreach_v by_o a_o stratagem_n of_o camillus_n and_o total_o rout_v camil._n rout_v plut._n in_o vit_fw-mi camil._n nor_o have_v the_o samnite_n any_o better_a fate_n though_o a_o people_n very_o numerous_a and_o of_o great_a experience_n in_o war._n the_o contention_n with_o they_o last_v no_o less_o than_o fifty_o year_n 16._o year_n florus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 16._o when_o they_o be_v final_o subdue_v by_o papirius_n cursor_n 10._o cursor_n liv._o lib._n 10._o the_o tarentine_n war_n that_o follow_v put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o entire_a conquest_n of_o italy_n tarentum_n a_o city_n of_o great_a strength_n and_o beauty_n seat_v on_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n be_v especial_o remarkable_a for_o the_o commerce_n it_o maintain_v with_o most_o of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n as_o epirus_n illyricum_n sicily_n etc._n etc._n 18._o etc._n flor._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 18._o among_o other_o ornament_n of_o their_o city_n they_o have_v a_o spacious_a theatre_n for_o public_a sport_n build_v hard_o by_o the_o seashore_n they_o happen_v to_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o celebration_n of_o some_o such_o solemnity_n when_o upon_o sight_n of_o the_o roman_a fleet_n that_o casual_o sail_v by_o their_o coast_n imagine_v they_o to_o be_v enemy_n they_o immediate_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o kill_v the_o commander_n rifle_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o vessel_n ambassador_n be_v soon_o dispatch_v from_o rome_n to_o demand_v satisfaction_n but_o they_o meet_v with_o as_o ill_a reception_n as_o the_o fleet_n be_v disgraceful_o send_v away_o without_o so_o much_o as_o a_o hear_v upon_o this_o a_o war_n be_v soon_o commence_v between_o the_o state_n the_o tarentines_n be_v increase_v by_o a_o incredible_a number_n of_o ally_n from_o all_o part_n but_o he_o that_o make_v the_o great_a appearance_n in_o their_o behalf_n be_v pyrrhus_n king_n of_o epirus_n the_o most_o experience_a general_n of_o his_o time_n beside_o the_o choice_a of_o his_o troop_n that_o accompany_v he_o in_o the_o expedition_n he_o bring_v into_o the_o field_n a_o considerable_a number_n of_o elephant_n a_o sort_n of_o beast_n scarce_o hear_v of_o till_o that_o time_n in_o italy_n in_o the_o first_o engagement_n the_o roman_n be_v in_o fair_a hope_n of_o a_o victory_n when_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o day_n be_v entire_o change_v upon_o the_o come_n up_o of_o the_o elephant_n who_o make_v such_o a_o prodigious_a destruction_n in_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n that_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v oblige_v to_o retire_v but_o the_o politic_a general_n have_v experience_v so_o well_o the_o roman_a courage_n immediate_o after_o the_o victory_n send_v to_o offer_v condition_n for_o a_o peace_n but_o be_v absolute_o refuse_v in_o the_o next_o battle_n the_o advantage_n be_v on_o the_o roman_a side_n who_o have_v not_o now_o such_o dismal_a apprehension_n of_o the_o elephant_n as_o before_o however_o the_o business_n come_v to_o another_o engagement_n when_o the_o elephant_n overrun_v whole_a rank_n of_o their_o own_o man_n occasion_v by_o the_o cry_n of_o a_o young_a one_o that_o have_v be_v wound_v give_v the_o roman_n a_o absolute_a victory_n ibid._n victory_n florus_n ibid._n twenty_o three_o thousand_o of_o the_o enemy_n be_v kill_v 2._o kill_v eutropius_n lib._n 2._o and_o pyrrhus_n final_o expel_v italy_n in_o this_o war_n the_o roman_n have_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n to_o subdue_v the_o other_o part_n that_o remain_v unconquered_a under_o the_o pretext_n of_o ally_n to_o the_o tarentines_n so_o that_o at_o this_o time_n about_o the_o 477th_o year_n of_o the_o building_n of_o the_o city_n ibid._n city_n ibid._n they_o have_v make_v themselves_o the_o entire_a master_n of_o italy_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o roman_a affair_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o first_o punic_n war_n to_o the_o first_o triumvirate_n but_o
the_o command_n of_o the_o continent_n can_v not_o satisfy_v the_o roman_a courage_n especial_o while_o they_o see_v so_o delicious_a a_o isle_n as_o sicily_n almost_o within_o their_o reach_n they_o only_o wait_v a_o occasion_n to_o pass_v the_o sea_n when_o fortune_n present_v as_o fair_a a_o one_o as_o they_o can_v wish_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o messina_n a_o sicilian_a city_n make_v grievous_a complaint_n to_o the_o senate_n of_o the_o daily_a encroachment_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n a_o people_n of_o vast_a wealth_n and_o power_n and_o that_o have_v the_o same_o design_n on_o sicily_n as_o the_o roman_n 2._o roman_n florus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 2._o a_o fleet_n be_v soon_o man_v out_o to_o their_o assistance_n and_o in_o two_o year_n time_n no_o less_o than_o fifty_o city_n be_v bring_v over_o 2._o over_o eutrop._n lib._n 2._o the_o entire_a conquest_n of_o the_o island_n quick_o follow_v and_o sardinia_n and_o corfica_n be_v take_v in_o about_o the_o same_o time_n by_o a_o separate_a squadron_n and_o now_o under_o the_o command_n of_o regulus_n and_o manlius_n the_o consul_n the_o war_n be_v translate_v into_o africa_n three_o hundred_o fort_n and_o castle_n be_v destroy_v in_o their_o march_n and_o the_o victorious_a legion_n encamp_v under_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o carthage_n the_o enemy_n reduce_v to_o such_o strait_n be_v oblige_v to_o apply_v themselves_o to_o xantippus_n king_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n the_o great_a captain_n of_o the_o age_n who_o immediate_o march_v to_o their_o assistance_n with_o a_o numerous_a and_o well-disciplined_a army_n in_o the_o very_a first_o engagement_n with_o the_o roman_n he_o entire_o defeat_v their_o whole_a power_n thirty_o thousand_o be_v kill_v on_o the_o spot_n and_o fifteen_o thousand_o with_o the_o consul_n regulus_n take_v prisoner_n but_o as_o good_a success_n always_o encourage_v the_o roman_n to_o great_a design_n so_o a_o contrary_a event_n do_v but_o exasperate_v they_o the_o more_o the_o new_a consul_n be_v immediate_o dispatch_v with_o a_o powerful_a navy_n and_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o land-force_n several_a campaignes_n be_v now_o waste_v without_o any_o considerable_a advantage_n on_o either_o side_n or_o if_o the_o roman_n gain_v any_o thing_n by_o their_o victory_n they_o general_o lose_v as_o much_o by_o shipwreck_n when_o at_o last_o the_o whole_a power_n of_o both_o state_n be_v draw_v together_o on_o the_o sea_n the_o carthaginian_n be_v final_o defeat_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o 125_o ship_n sink_v in_o the_o engagement_n 73_o taken_z 32000_o man_n kill_v and_o 13000_o prisoner_n upon_o this_o they_o be_v compel_v to_o sue_v for_o a_o peace_n which_o after_o much_o entreaty_n and_o upon_o very_o hard_a condition_n be_v at_o last_o obtain_v 2._o obtain_v eutrop._n lib._n 2._o but_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v too_o great_a spirit_n to_o submit_v to_o such_o terrible_a term_n any_o long_a than_o their_o necessity_n oblige_v they_o in_o four_o year_n time_n 6._o time_n florus_n lib._n 2._o c._n 6._o they_o have_v get_v together_o a_o army_n of_o 150000_o foot_n and_o 20000_o horse_n 3._o horse_n eutrop._n lib._n 3._o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o famous_a hannibal_n who_o force_v a_o way_n through_o the_o pyrenâ—ean_a mountain_n and_o the_o alps_n repute_v till_o that_o time_n impassable_a descend_v with_o his_o vast_a army_n into_o italy_n in_o four_o successive_a battle_n he_o defeat_v the_o roman_a force_n in_o the_o last_o of_o which_o at_o cannae_n 40000_o of_o the_o latter_a be_v kill_v ibid._n kill_v ibid._n and_o have_v he_o not_o be_v mere_o cast_v away_o by_o the_o envy_n and_o ill-will_a of_o his_o own_o countryman_n it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o he_o must_v have_v entire_o ruin_v the_o roman_a state_n hannibal_n state_n cornelius_n nepos_n in_o vit_fw-mi hannibal_n but_o supply_v of_o man_n and_o money_n be_v sometime_o absolute_o deny_v he_o and_o never_o come_v but_o very_o slow_o the_o roman_n have_v such_o opportunity_n to_o recruit_v as_o they_o little_o expect_v from_o so_o experience_v a_o adversary_n the_o wise_a management_n of_o fabius_n maximus_n be_v the_o first_o revival_n of_o the_o roman_a cause_n he_o know_v very_o well_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o march_v against_o he_o without_o intend_v to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n but_o to_o wait_v constant_o upon_o he_o to_o straiten_v his_o quarter_n intercept_v his_o provision_n and_o so_o make_v the_o victorious_a army_n pine_v away_o with_o penury_n and_o want_n with_o this_o design_n he_o always_o encamp_v upon_o the_o high_a hill_n where_o the_o horse_n can_v have_v no_o access_n to_o he_o when_o they_o march_v he_o do_v the_o same_o but_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n as_o not_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o a_o engagement_n by_o this_o policy_n he_o so_o break_v hannibal_n army_n as_o to_o make_v he_o absolute_o despair_v of_o get_v any_o thing_n in_o italy_n max._n italy_n flutarch_n in_o vit_fw-mi fab._n max._n but_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o war_n be_v owe_v to_o the_o conduct_n of_o scipio_n he_o have_v before_o reduce_v all_o spain_n into_o subjection_n and_o now_o take_v the_o same_o course_n as_o hannibal_n at_o first_o have_v do_v he_o march_v with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a force_n into_o africa_n and_o carry_v all_o before_o he_o to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o carthage_n oblige_v the_o enemy_n to_o call_v home_o their_o general_n out_o of_o italy_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o city_n hannibal_n obey_v and_o both_o army_n come_v to_o a_o engagement_n after_o a_o long_a dispute_n wherein_o the_o commander_n and_o soldier_n of_o both_o side_n be_v report_v to_o have_v outdo_v themselves_o the_o victory_n fall_v to_o the_o roman_n whereupon_o the_o enemy_n be_v oblige_v once_o more_o to_o suâ—â—_n for_o a_o peace_n which_o be_v again_o grant_v they_o though_o upon_o much_o hard_a condition_n than_o before_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o happy_a conclusion_n of_o this_o war_n have_v so_o high_o advance_v themselves_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o neighbour_a state_n that_o the_o athenian_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o greece_n be_v at_o this_o time_n miserable_o enslave_v by_o king_n philip_n of_o macedon_n unanimous_o petition_v the_o senate_n for_o assistance_n a_o fleet_n with_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o land-force_n be_v present_o dispatch_v to_o their_o relief_n by_o who_o valour_n the_o tyrant_n after_o several_a defeat_n be_v compel_v to_o restore_v all_o greece_n to_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n oblige_v himself_o to_o pay_v a_o annual_a tribute_n to_o the_o conqueror_n 4._o conqueror_n eutrop._n lib._n 4._o hannibal_n after_o his_o late_a defeat_n have_v apply_v himself_o to_o antiochus_n king_n of_o syria_n who_o at_o this_o time_n be_v make_v great_a preparation_n against_o the_o roman_n acilius_n glabrio_n be_v first_o send_v to_o oppose_v he_o and_o have_v the_o fortune_n to_o give_v he_o several_a defeat_n when_o cornelius_n scipio_n the_o roman_a admiral_n engage_v with_o the_o king_n force_n at_o sea_n under_o the_o command_n of_o hannibal_n entire_o ruin_v the_o whole_a fleet._n which_o victory_n be_v immediate_o follow_v by_o another_o as_o signal_n at_o land_n the_o effeminate_a prince_n be_v content_v to_o purchase_v a_o peace_n at_o the_o price_n of_o almost_o half_o his_o kingdom_n 8._o kingdom_n florus_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 8._o the_o victorious_a roman_n have_v scarce_o conclude_v the_o public_a rejoice_n on_o account_n of_o the_o late_a success_n when_o the_o death_n of_o king_n philip_n of_o macedon_n present_v they_o with_o a_o occasion_n of_o a_o more_o glorious_a triumph_n his_o son_n perseus_n that_o succeed_v resolve_v to_o break_v with_o the_o senate_n apply_v himself_o whole_o to_o raise_v force_n and_o procure_v other_o necessary_n for_o a_o war._n never_o be_v great_a appearance_n in_o the_o field_n than_o on_o both_o side_n most_o of_o the_o considerable_a prince_n in_o the_o world_n be_v engage_v in_o the_o quarrel_n but_o fortune_n still_o declare_v for_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o perseus_n prodigious_a army_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o consul_n aemylius_fw-la and_o the_o king_n oblige_v to_o surrender_v himself_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o conqueror_n 1._o conqueror_n vell._n paterc_n lib._n 1._o author_n that_o write_v of_o the_o four_o monarchy_n here_o fix_v the_o end_n of_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n but_o rome_n can_v not_o think_v herself_o secure_a among_o all_o these_o conquest_n while_o her_o old_a rival_n carthage_n be_v yet_o stand_v so_o that_o upon_o a_o slight_a provocation_n the_o city_n after_o three_o year_n siege_n be_v take_v and_o utter_o raze_v by_o the_o valour_n of_o publius_n scipio_n grandson_n by_o adoption_n to_o he_o that_o conquer_v hannibal_n ibid._n hannibal_n ibid._n not_o long_o after_o attalus_n king_n of_o pergamus_n die_v without_o issue_n leave_v his_o vast_a territory_n
senate-house_n brutus_n and_o cassius_n with_o most_o of_o the_o other_o conspirator_n be_v his_o particular_a friend_n and_o such_o as_o he_o have_v oblige_v in_o the_o high_a manner_n 56._o manner_n paterc_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 56._o a_o civil_a war_n necessary_o follow_v in_o which_o the_o senate_n consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o such_o as_o have_v embrace_v the_o faction_n of_o pompey_n declare_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o assassinate_v while_o mark_v anthony_n the_o consul_n undertake_v the_o revenge_n of_o caesar_n with_o this_o pretence_n he_o exercise_v all_o manner_n of_o tyranny_n in_o the_o city_n and_o have_v no_o other_o design_n but_o to_o secure_v the_o chief_a command_n to_o himself_o at_o last_o the_o senate_n be_v oblige_v to_o declare_v he_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o state_n and_o in_o pursuance_n to_o their_o edict_n raise_v a_o army_n to_o oppose_v he_o under_o the_o command_n of_o hirtius_n and_o pansa_n the_o new_a consul_n and_o octavius_n nephew_n and_o heir_n to_o caesar_n 61._o caesar_n paterc_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 61._o in_o the_o first_o engagement_n anthony_n be_v defeat_v but_o hirtius_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o fight_n and_o pansa_n die_v immediate_o after_o the_o sole_a command_n of_o the_o army_n come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o octavius_n 11._o octavius_n suet._n in_o august_n cap._n 11._o the_o senate_n before_o the_o late_a victory_n have_v express_v a_o extraordinary_a kindness_n for_o he_o and_o honour_v he_o with_o several_a mark_n of_o their_o particular_a esteem_n but_o now_o be_v free_v from_o the_o danger_n they_o apprehend_v from_o anthony_n they_o soon_o alter_v their_o measure_n and_o take_v little_a notice_n of_o he_o any_o long_o decree_v the_o two_o head_n of_o the_o late_a conspiracy_n brutus_n and_o cassius_n the_o two_o province_n of_o syria_n and_o macedonia_n whither_o they_o have_v retire_v upon_o commission_n of_o the_o fact_n 7._o fact_n horus_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 7._o octavius_n be_v very_o sensible_a of_o their_o design_n and_o thereupon_o be_v easy_o induce_v to_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o anthony_n and_o soon_o after_o enter_v into_o a_o association_n with_o he_o and_o lepidus_n as_o his_o uncle_n have_v do_v with_o crassus_n and_o pompey_n he_o return_v to_o rome_n and_o be_v elect_v consul_n when_o under_o twenty_o year_n of_o age_n 65._o age_n paterc_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 65._o and_o now_o by_o the_o power_n of_o he_o and_o his_o two_o associate_n the_o old_a senate_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n banish_v and_o a_o law_n prefer_v by_o his_o colleague_n pedius_n that_o all_o who_o have_v be_v concern_v in_o the_o death_n of_o caesar_n shall_v be_v proclaim_v enemy_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o proceed_v against_o with_o all_o extremity_n ibid._n extremity_n ibid._n to_o put_v this_o order_n in_o execution_n octavius_n and_o anthony_n advance_v with_o the_o force_n under_o their_o command_n towards_o macedoma_n where_o brutus_n and_o cassius_n have_v go_v together_o a_o numerous_a army_n to_o oppose_v they_o both_o party_n meet_v near_o the_o city_n philippi_n the_o traitor_n be_v defeat_v and_o the_o two_o commander_n die_v soon_o after_o by_o their_o own_o hand_n 7._o hand_n flerus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 7._o and_o now_o for_o ten_o year_n all_o affair_n be_v manage_v by_o the_o triumvir_n when_o lepidus_n set_v up_o for_o himself_o in_o sicily_n be_v content_v upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o octavius_n to_o compound_v for_o his_o life_n with_o the_o dishonourable_a resignation_n of_o his_o share_n in_o the_o government_n 80._o government_n paterc_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 80._o the_o friendship_n of_o octavius_n and_o anthony_n be_v not_o of_o much_o long_a continuance_n for_o the_o latter_a be_v for_o several_a enormity_n declare_v a_o enemy_n to_o the_o state_n be_v final_o rout_v in_o a_o sea-engagement_n at_o actium_n and_o fly_v thence_o with_o his_o mistress_n cleopatra_n kill_v himself_o soon_o after_o and_o leave_v the_o sole_a command_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o octavius_n he_o by_o his_o prudence_n and_o moderation_n gain_v such_o a_o entire_a interest_n in_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n that_o when_o he_o offer_v to_o lay_v down_o all_o the_o authority_n he_o be_v invest_v with_o above_o the_o rest_n and_o restore_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n they_o unanimous_o agree_v in_o this_o opinion_n that_o their_o liberty_n be_v soon_o to_o be_v part_v with_o than_o so_o excellent_a a_o prince_n however_o to_o avoid_v all_o offence_n he_o reject_v the_o very_a name_n he_o think_v may_v be_v displease_v and_o above_o all_o thing_n the_o quality_n of_o a_o dictator_n which_o have_v be_v so_o odious_a in_o sylla_n and_o caesar_n by_o this_o mean_n he_o be_v the_o founder_n of_o that_o government_n which_o continue_v ever_o after_o in_o rome_n the_o new_a acquisition_n to_o the_o empire_n be_v in_o his_o time_n very_o considerable_a cantabria_n aquitania_n pannonia_n dalmatia_n and_o illyricum_n be_v whole_o subdue_v the_o german_n be_v drive_v beyond_o the_o river_n albis_n and_o two_o of_o their_o nation_n the_o suevi_n and_o sicambri_n transplant_v into_o gaul_n 21._o gaul_n sueton._n in_o august_n cap._n 21._o tiberius_n though_o in_o augustus_n his_o time_n he_o have_v give_v proof_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a courage_n in_o the_o german_a war_n etc._n war_n vid._n paterc_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 106_o etc._n etc._n yet_o upon_o his_o own_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v memorable_a for_o no_o exploit_n but_o the_o reduce_n of_o cappadocia_n into_o a_o roman_a province_n 7._o province_n eutrop._n lib._n 7._o and_o this_o be_v owe_v more_o to_o his_o cunning_a than_o his_o valour_n and_o at_o last_o upon_o his_o infamous_a retirement_n into_o the_o island_n capri_n he_o grow_v so_o strange_o negligent_a of_o the_o public_a affair_n as_o to_o send_v no_o lieutenant_n for_o the_o government_n of_o spain_n and_o syria_n for_o several_a year_n to_o let_v armenia_n be_v overrun_v by_o the_o parthian_n moesia_n by_o the_o dacian_o the_o sarmatian_n and_o almost_o all_o gaul_n by_o the_o german_n to_o the_o extreme_a danger_n as_o well_o as_o dishonour_v of_o the_o empire_n 41._o empire_n sueton._n in_o tib._n cap._n 41._o caligula_n as_o he_o far_o exceed_v his_o predecessor_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o debauchery_n so_o in_o relation_n to_o martial_a affair_n be_v much_o his_o inferior_a however_o he_o be_v famous_a for_o a_o mock-expedition_n that_o he_o make_v against_o the_o german_n when_o arrive_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n opposite_a to_o britain_n and_o receive_v into_o his_o protection_n a_o fugitive_a prince_n of_o the_o island_n he_o send_v glorious_a letter_n to_o the_o senate_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o happy_a conquest_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n 44._o kingdom_n suet._n in_o cal_n g._n cap._n 44._o and_o soon_o after_o make_v his_o soldier_n fill_v their_o helmet_n with_o cockle-shell_n and_o pebble_n which_o he_o call_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o ocean_n 46_o ocean_n idem_fw-la cap._n 46_o return_v to_o the_o city_n to_o demand_v a_o triumph_n 47._o triumph_n idem_fw-la cap._n 47._o and_o when_o that_o honour_n be_v deny_v he_o by_o the_o senate_n he_o break_v out_o into_o such_o extravagant_a cruelty_n that_o he_o even_o compel_v they_o to_o cut_v he_o of_o for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o own_o person_n 56._o person_n idem_fw-la cap._n 49._o &_o 56._o nay_o he_o be_v so_o faâ—_n from_o entertain_v any_o desire_n of_o benefit_v the_o public_a that_o he_o often_o complain_v of_o his_o ill_a fortune_n because_o no_o signal_n calamity_n happen_v in_o his_o time_n and_o make_v it_o his_o constant_a wish_n that_o either_o the_o utter_a destruction_n of_o a_o army_n or_o some_o plague_n famine_n earthquake_n or_o other_o extraordinary_a desolation_n may_v continâ—â—_n the_o memory_n of_o his_o reign_n to_o succeed_a age_n 31._o age_n idem_fw-la c._n 31._o caliâ—â—â—â—_n be_v take_v off_o the_o senate_n assemble_v in_o the_o capitol_n to_o debaâ—e_v about_o the_o extinguish_n the_o name_n and_o family_n of_o the_o caesar_n and_o restore_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o the_o old_a constitution_n 60._o constitution_n idem_fw-la c._n 60._o when_o one_o of_o the_o soldier_n that_o be_v ransack_v the_o palace_n light_v casual_o upon_o claudius_n uncle_n to_o the_o late_a emperouâ—_n where_o he_o have_v hide_v himself_o in_o a_o corner_n behind_o the_o hang_n pull_v he_o out_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o gang_n and_o recommend_v hiâ—_n as_o the_o fit_a person_n in_o the_o world_n to_o be_v emperor_n all_o be_v strange_o please_v at_o the_o motion_n and_o take_v he_o along_o with_o they_o by_o force_n lodge_v he_o among_o the_o guard_n 50._o guard_n idem_fw-la h._n caâ—d_a c._n 50._o the_o senate_n upon_o the_o first_o information_n send_v immediate_o to_o stop_v their_o proceed_n but_o not_o agree_v among_o themselves_o and_o hear_v the_o multitude_n call_v out_o for_o one_o governor_n
anreliâ—â—â—_n but_o his_o noble_a exploit_n be_v the_o conquer_a the_o famous_a zenobia_n queen_n of_o the_o east_n as_o she_o style_v herself_o and_o the_o take_v her_o capital_a city_n palmyra_n at_o his_o return_n to_o rome_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n out_o of_o which_o he_o have_v not_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o captive_n to_o grace_v his_o triumph_n the_o most_o considerable_a be_v the_o indian_n arabian_n goth_n frank_n suevian_o saracen_n vandal_n and_o german_n ibid._n german_n ibid._n tacitus_n be_v content_v to_o show_v his_o moderation_n and_o justice_n in_o the_o quiet_a management_n of_o the_o empire_n without_o any_o hostile_a design_n or_o have_v he_o express_v any_o such_o inclination_n his_o short_a reign_n must_v necessary_o have_v hinder_v their_o effect_n probus_n to_o the_o wise_a government_n of_o his_o predecessor_n add_v the_o valour_n and_o conduct_n of_o a_o good_a commander_n it_o be_v he_o that_o oblige_v the_o barbarous_a nation_n to_o quit_v all_o their_o foot_n in_o gaul_n illyricum_n and_o several_a province_n of_o the_o empire_n insomuch_o that_o the_o very_a parthian_n send_v he_o flatter_a letter_n confess_v the_o dismal_a apprehension_n they_o entertain_v of_o his_o design_n against_o their_o country_n and_o beseech_v he_o to_o favour_v they_o with_o a_o peace_n probo_fw-la peace_n eâ—avius_n vopise_v in_o probo_fw-la there_o be_v scarce_o any_o enemy_n leave_v to_o his_o successor_n carus_n except_o the_o persian_n against_o who_o he_o according_o undertake_v a_o expedition_n but_o after_o two_o or_o three_o successful_a engagement_n die_v with_o the_o stroke_n of_o a_o thunderbolt_n caro._n thunderbolt_n idem_fw-la in_o caro._n his_o two_o son_n carinus_n and_o numerian_n be_v of_o so_o opposite_a a_o genius_n that_o one_o be_v general_o represent_v as_o the_o worst_a the_o other_o as_o the_o best_a of_o men._n numerian_n be_v soon_o treacherous_o murder_v by_o aper_n who_o together_o with_o the_o other_o emperor_n carinus_n in_o a_o very_a little_a time_n give_v way_n to_o the_o happy_a fortune_n of_o dioclesian_n the_o most_o successful_a of_o the_o latter_a emperor_n so_o famous_a for_o his_o prodigious_a exploit_n in_o egypt_n persia_n and_o armenia_n that_o a_o roman_a author_n ejus_fw-la author_n pomponius_n latus_fw-la in_o vitâ_fw-la ejus_fw-la have_v not_o stick_v to_o compare_v he_o with_o jupiter_n as_o he_o do_v his_o son_n maximian_n with_o hercules_n constantius_n clorus_n and_o galerius_n be_v happy_a than_o most_o of_o their_o predecessor_n by_o die_v as_o they_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n live_v in_o peace_n nor_o be_v severus_n and_o maximinian_n on_o any_o account_n very_o remarkable_a except_o for_o leave_v so_o admirable_a a_o successor_n as_o the_o famous_a constantine_n who_o rid_v himself_o of_o his_o two_o competitor_n licinius_n and_o maxentius_n advance_v the_o empire_n to_o its_o ancient_a grandeur_n his_o happy_a war_n and_o wise_a administration_n in_o peace_n have_v gain_v he_o the_o surname_n of_o the_o great_a a_o honour_n unknown_a to_o former_a emperor_n yet_o in_o this_o respect_n he_o be_v just_o repute_v unfortunate_a that_o by_o remove_v the_o imperial_a seat_n from_o rome_n to_o constantinople_n he_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o utter_a ruin_n of_o italy_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o roman_a affair_n from_o constantine_n the_o great_a to_o the_o take_n of_o rome_n by_o odoacer_n and_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o western_a empire_n though_o the_o three_o son_n of_o constantine_n at_o first_o divide_v the_o empire_n into_o three_o distinct_a principality_n yet_o it_o be_v afterward_o reunite_v under_o the_o long_a survivor_n constantius_n the_o war_n between_o he_o and_o magnentius_n as_o they_o prove_v fatal_a to_o the_o tyrant_n so_o be_v they_o extreme_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o whole_a state_n which_o aâ—_n this_o time_n be_v involve_v in_o such_o unhappy_a difficulty_n as_o to_o be_v very_o unable_a to_o bear_v so_o excessive_a a_o loss_n of_o man_n no_o less_o than_o 54000_o be_v kill_v on_o both_o side_n laetus_n side_n pompon_n laetus_n and_o perhaps_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a reason_n of_o the_o ill_a success_n which_o constant_o attend_v that_o emperor_n in_o the_o eastern_a war_n for_o the_o persian_n be_v all_o along_o his_o superior_n and_o when_o at_o last_o a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o condition_n lay_v on_o their_o side_n julian_n as_o he_o take_v effectual_a care_n for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o other_o bound_n of_o the_o empire_n so_o his_o design_n against_o the_o most_o formidable_a enemy_n the_o persian_n have_v all_o appearance_n of_o success_n but_o that_o he_o lose_v his_o life_n before_o they_o can_v be_v full_o put_v in_o execution_n jovian_a be_v no_o soon_o elect_v emperor_n but_o be_v under_o some_o apprehension_n of_o a_o rival_n in_o the_o west_n he_o immediate_o strike_v up_o a_o most_o dishonourable_a peace_n with_o the_o persian_n at_o the_o price_n of_o the_o famous_a city_n nisibis_n and_o all_o mesopotamia_n for_o which_o base_a action_n as_o he_o do_v not_o fail_v of_o a_o invective_n from_o every_o historian_n so_o particular_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n 25._o marcellinus_n lib._n 25._o and_o zozimus_n have_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o show_v that_o he_o be_v the_o first_o roman_a governor_n who_o resign_v up_o the_o least_o part_n of_o their_o dominion_n upon_o any_o account_n valentinian_n the_o first_o have_v general_o the_o character_n of_o a_o excellent_a prince_n but_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v more_o studious_a of_o oblige_v his_o subject_n by_o a_o easy_a and_o quiet_a government_n than_o desirous_a of_o act_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o encroach_a enemy_n gratian_n too_o though_o a_o prince_n of_o great_a courage_n and_o experience_n in_o war_n be_v able_a to_o do_v no_o more_o than_o to_o settle_v the_o single_a province_n of_o gaul_n but_o he_o be_v extreme_o applaud_v by_o historian_n for_o take_v such_o extraordinary_a care_n in_o the_o business_n of_o a_o successor_n for_o be_v very_o sensible_a how_o every_o day_n produce_v worse_a effect_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o that_o the_o state_n if_o not_o at_o the_o last_o gasp_n yet_o be_v very_o nigh_o beyond_o all_o hope_n of_o recovery_n he_o make_v it_o his_o whole_a study_n to_o sin_v out_o a_o person_n that_o shall_v in_o all_o respect_n be_v capacitate_v for_o the_o noble_a work_n of_o the_o deliverance_n of_o his_o country_n the_o man_n he_o pitch_v upon_o be_v theodosius_n a_o native_a of_o spain_n who_o be_v now_o invest_v with_o the_o command_n of_o the_o east_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o gratian_n remain_v sole_a emperor_n and_o indeed_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n he_o answer_v the_o expectation_n of_o the_o world_n prove_v the_o most_o resolute_a defender_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o its_o decline_a age._n but_o for_o his_o colleague_n valentinian_n the_o second_o he_o be_v cut_v off_o without_o have_v do_v any_o thing_n that_o deserve_v our_o notice_n under_o honorius_n thing_n return_v to_o their_o former_a desperate_a state_n the_o barbarous_a nation_n get_v ground_n on_o all_o side_n and_o make_v every_o day_n some_o diminution_n in_o the_o empire_n till_o at_o last_o alaric_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n waste_v all_o italy_n proceed_v to_o rome_n itself_o and_o be_v content_v to_o set_v a_o few_o building_n on_o fire_n and_o rifle_v the_o treasury_n retire_v with_o his_o army_n lat._n army_n paul_n diacon_n &_o pompon_n lat._n so_o that_o this_o be_v rather_o a_o disgrace_n than_o a_o destruction_n of_o the_o city_n and_o nero_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v do_v more_o mischief_n when_o he_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n in_o jest_n than_o it_o now_o suffer_v from_o the_o barbarous_a conqueror_n valentinian_n the_o three_o at_o his_o first_o accession_n to_o the_o empire_n give_v great_a hope_n of_o his_o prove_v the_o author_n of_o a_o happy_a revolution_n lat._n revolution_n pompon_n lat._n and_o he_o be_v very_o fortunate_a in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o famous_a attila_n the_o hun_n but_o his_o imprudence_n in_o put_v to_o death_n his_o best_a commander_n aetius_n hasten_v very_o much_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a cause_n the_o barbarous_a nation_n now_o carry_v all_o before_o they_o without_o any_o considerable_a opposition_n by_o this_o time_n the_o state_n be_v give_v over_o as_o desperate_a and_o what_o prince_n follow_v till_o the_o take_n of_o the_o city_n by_o odoacer_n be_v only_o a_o company_n of_o miserable_a short-lived_a tyrant_n remarkable_a for_o nothing_o but_o the_o meanness_n of_o their_o extraction_n and_o the_o poorness_n of_o their_o government_n so_o that_o historian_n general_o pass_v they_o over_o in_o silence_n or_o at_o most_o with_o the_o bare_a mention_n of_o their_o name_n the_o best_a account_n of_o they_o we_o can_v meet_v with_o be_v as_o follow_v maximus_n who_o in_o order_n to_o his_o own_o promotion_n have_v procure_v the_o murder_n oâ—_n
reign_n of_o valerian_n who_o enlarge_v the_o wall_n to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o to_o surround_v the_o space_n of_o fifty_o mile_n aâ—râ—â—tano_n mile_n vopâ—sâ—â—_n in_o aâ—râ—â—tano_n the_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o its_o flourish_a state_n lipsius_n compute_v at_o four_o million_o roman_n million_o de_fw-fr magnitud_n roman_n at_o present_v the_o compass_n of_o the_o city_n be_v not_o above_o thirteen_o miles_n 2._o miles_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 2._o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o city_n into_o tribe_n and_o region_n and_o of_o the_o gate_n and_o bridges_n romulus_n divide_v his_o little_a city_n into_o three_o tribe_n and_o servius_n tullius_n add_v a_o four_o which_o division_n continue_v till_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n it_o be_v he_o first_o appoint_v the_o fourteen_o region_n or_o ward_n a_o account_n of_o which_o with_o the_o number_n of_o temple_n bath_n etc._n etc._n in_o every_o region_n may_v be_v thus_o take_v from_o the_o accurate_a panvinius_n region_n i._o porta_fw-la capena_n street_n 9_o luci_n 3_o temple_n 4._o aedes_fw-la 6._o public_a bath_n 6._o arch_n 4._o barn_n 14._o mill_n 12._o great_a house_n 121._o the_o whole_a compass_n 13223_o foot_n region_n ii_o coelimontium_fw-la street_n 12._o luci_n 2._o temple_n 5._o the_o public_a bath_n of_o the_o city_n private_a bath_n so._n the_o great_a shambles_n barn_n 23._o mill_n 23._o great_a house_n 133._o the_o compass_n 13200_o foot_n region_n iii_o isis_n and_o serapis_n street_n 8._o temple_n 2._o the_o amphitheatre_n of_o vespasian_n the_o bath_n of_o titus_n trajan_n and_o philip._n barn_n 29_o or_o 19_o mill_n 23._o great_a house_n 160._o the_o compass_n 12450_o foot_n region_n iu_o via_fw-la sacra_fw-la or_o templum_fw-la pacis_fw-la street_n 8._o temple_n 10._o the_o colossus_n of_o the_o sun_n 120_o foot_n high_a the_o arch_n of_o titus_n severus_n and_o constantine_n private_a bath_n 75._o barn_n 18._o mill_n 24._o great_a house_n 138._o the_o compass_n 14000_o or_o as_o some_o say_v only_o 8000_o foot_n region_n v._o esqvilina_n street_n 15._o luci_n 8._o temple_n 6._o aedes_fw-la 5._o private_a bath_n 75._o barn_n 23._o mill_n 22._o great_a house_n 180._o the_o compass_n 15950_o foot_n region_n vi_o acta_fw-la semita_fw-la street_n 12_o or_o 13._o temple_n 15._o portico_n 2._o circi_fw-la 2._o fora_n 2._o private_a bath_n 75._o barn_n 19_o mill_n 23._o great_a house_n 155._o the_o compass_n 15600_o foot_n region_n vii_o via_fw-la lata_fw-la street_n 40._o temple_n 4._o private_a bath_n 75._o arch_n 3._o mill_n 17._o barn_n 25._o great_a house_n 120._o the_o compass_n 23700_o foot_n region_n viii_o forum_n romanum_fw-la street_n 12._o temple_n 21._o private_a bath_n 66._o aedes_fw-la 10._o portico_n 9_o arch_n 4._o fora_n 7._o curiae_fw-la 4._o basilicae_fw-la 7._o column_n 6._o barn_n 18._o mill_n 30._o great_a house_n 150._o the_o compass_n 14867_o foot_n region_n ix_o circus_n flaminius_n street_n 30._o temple_n 8._o aedes_fw-la 20._o portico_n 12._o circi_fw-la 2._o theatre_n 4._o basilicae_fw-la 3_o curiae_fw-la 2._o thermae_n 5._o arch_n 2._o column_n 2._o mill_n 32._o barn_n 32._o great_a house_n 189._o the_o compass_n 30560_o foot_n region_n x._o palatium_fw-la street_n 7._o temple_n 10._o aedes_fw-la 9_o theatre_n 1._o curiae_fw-la 4._o private_a bath_n 15._o mill_n 12._o barn_n 16._o great_a house_n 109._o the_o compass_n 11600_o foot_n region_n xi_o circus_n maximus_n street_n 8._o aedes_fw-la 22._o private_a bath_n 15._o barn_n 16._o mill_n 12._o great_a house_n 189._o the_o compass_n 11600_o foot_n region_n xii_o piscina_fw-la publica_fw-la street_n 12._o aedes_fw-la 2._o private_a bath_n 68_o barn_n 28._o mill_n 25._o great_a house_n 128._o the_o compass_n 12000_o foot_n region_n xiii_o aventinus_n street_n 17._o luci_n 6._o temple_n 6._o private_a bath_n 74._o barn_n 36._o mill_n 30._o great_a house_n 155._o the_o compass_n 16300_o foot_n region_n fourteen_o transtiberina_fw-la street_n 23._o aedes_fw-la 6._o private_a bath_n 136._o barn_n 22._o mill_n 32._o great_a house_n 150._o the_o compass_n 33409_o foot_n as_o to_o the_o gate_n romulus_n build_v only_o three_o or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o four_o at_o most_o but_o as_o building_n be_v enlarge_v the_o gate_n be_v according_o multiply_v so_o that_o pliny_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v thirty_o four_o in_o his_o time_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v porta_n flumentana_n so_o call_v because_o if_o stand_v near_o the_o river_n porta_n flaminâ—a_o owe_v its_o name_n to_o the_o flaminian_a way_n which_o begin_v there_o porta_n carmentalis_n build_v by_o romulus_n and_o so_o call_v from_o carmenta_n the_o prophetess_n mother_n of_o evander_n porta_n naevia_n which_o varro_n derive_v à _fw-la nemoribus_fw-la from_o the_o wood_n which_o former_o stand_v near_o it_o porta_n saliana_n derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o salt_n which_o the_o sabine_n use_v to_o bring_v in_o at_o that_o gate_n from_o the_o sea_n to_o supply_v the_o city_n porta_n capena_n call_v so_o from_o capena_n a_o old_a city_n of_o italy_n to_o which_o the_o way_n lay_v through_o this_o gate_n it_o be_v sometime_o call_v appia_n from_o appius_n the_o censor_n and_o triumphalis_fw-la from_o the_o triumph_n in_o which_o the_o procession_n common_o pass_v under_o here_o and_o fontinalis_n from_o the_o aqueduct_n which_o be_v raise_v over_o it_o whence_o juvenal_n call_v it_o madida_fw-la capena_n and_o martial_a capena_n grandi_fw-la porta_n quae_fw-la pluit_fw-la guttâ_fw-la the_o tiber_n be_v pass_v over_o by_o eight_o bridge_n the_o name_n of_o which_o be_v thus_o set_v down_o by_o marlian_n milvius_n aelius_n vaticanus_n janiculensis_n cestius_n fabricius_n palatinus_n and_o sublicius_fw-la chap._n iii_o of_o the_o place_n of_o worship_n particular_o of_o the_o temple_n and_o luci._n before_o we_o proceed_v to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a place_n set_v apart_o for_o the_o celebration_n of_o divine_a service_n it_o may_v be_v proper_a to_o make_v a_o short_a observation_n about_o the_o general_a name_n under_o which_o we_o meet_v with_o they_o in_o author_n templum_fw-la then_o be_v a_o place_n which_o have_v not_o be_v only_o dedicate_v to_o some_o deity_n but_o withal_o formal_o consecrate_v by_o the_o augur_n aedes_fw-la sacrâ—_n be_v such_o as_o want_v that_o consecration_n which_o if_o they_o afterward_o receive_v they_o change_v their_o name_n to_o temple_n delubrum_fw-la according_a to_o servius_n be_v a_o place_n that_o under_o one_o roof_n comprehend_v several_a deity_n aelicula_n be_v only_o a_o diminutive_a and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o little_a aedes_fw-la sacellum_fw-la may_v be_v derive_v the_o same_o way_n from_o aedes_fw-la sacra_fw-la festus_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v a_o place_n sacred_a to_o the_o god_n without_o a_o roof_n it_o be_v endless_a to_o reckon_v up_o but_o the_o bare_a name_n of_o all_o the_o temple_n we_o meet_v with_o in_o author_n the_o most_o celebrate_a on_o all_o account_n be_v the_o capitel_a and_o the_o pantheon_n capitolium_fw-la templ_n pantheon_n vulgo_fw-la rotunda_n the_o capitol_n or_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n capitolinus_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o vow_n make_v by_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n in_o the_o sabine_a war_n 1._o war_n liv._o lib._n 1._o but_o he_o have_v scarce_o lay_v the_o foundation_n before_o his_o death_n his_o nephew_n tarquin_n the_o proud_a finish_v it_o with_o the_o spoil_n take_v from_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n ibid._n nation_n ibid._n but_o upon_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o king_n the_o consecration_n be_v perform_v by_o horatius_n the_o consul_n poplicol_n consul_n plutarch_n in_o poplicol_n the_o structure_n stand_v on_o a_o high_a ridge_n take_v in_o four_o acre_n of_o ground_n the_o front_n be_v adorn_v with_o three_o row_v of_o of_o pillar_n the_o other_o side_n with_o two_o halicar_n two_o diony_n halicar_n the_o ascent_n from_o the_o ground_n be_v by_o a_o hundred_o step_n tacitus_n step_n tacitus_n the_o prodigious_a gift_n and_o ornament_n with_o which_o it_o be_v at_o several_a time_n endow_v almost_o exceed_v belief_n suetonius_n 30._o suetonius_n in_o august_n cap._n 30._o tell_v we_o that_o augustus_n give_v at_o one_o time_n two_o thousand_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n and_o in_o jewel_n and_o precious_a stone_n to_o the_o value_n of_o five_o hundred_o sesterce_n livy_n and_o pliny_n etc._n pliny_n liv._o lib._n 10_o 35_o 38._o plmy_a lib._n 33_o etc._n etc._n surprise_v we_o with_o account_n of_o the_o brazen_a threshold_n the_o noble_a pillar_n that_o sylla_n remove_v hither_o from_o athens_n out_o of_o the_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n olympius_n the_o gild_a roof_n the_o gild_a shield_n and_o those_o of_o solid_a silver_n the_o huge_a vessel_n of_o silver_n hold_v three_o measure_n the_o golden_a chariot_n etc._n etc._n this_o temple_n be_v first_o consume_v by_o sire_n in_o the_o marian_n war_n and_o then_o rebuilt_a by_o sylla_n who_o die_v before_o the_o dedication_n leave_v that_o honour_n to_o quintus_fw-la catulus_n this_o
warchful_a janus_n guard_v his_o temple_n door_n here_o when_o the_o father_n have_v ordain_v to_o try_v the_o chance_n of_o baâ—tel_n by_o their_o sixed_a decree_n the_o consul_n rich_a in_o his_o gabinian_a gown_n and_o regal_a pall_n lead_v the_o procession_n on_o the_o sound_a hinge_n grave_o turn_v about_o rouze_v the_o imprison_a god_n and_o let_v the_o fury_n out_o the_o superstition_n of_o consecrate_v grove_n and_o wood_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o deity_n be_v a_o practice_n very_o usual_a with_o the_o ancient_n for_o not_o to_o speak_v of_o those_o mention_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n pliny_n assure_v we_o that_o tree_n in_o old_a time_n serve_v for_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o go_n tacitus_n report_v this_o custom_n of_o the_o old_a german_n q._n curtius_n of_o the_o indian_n and_o almost_o all_o writer_n of_o the_o old_a druid_n the_o roman_n too_o be_v great_a admirer_n of_o this_o way_n of_o worship_n and_o therefore_o have_v their_o luci_n in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o city_n general_o dedicate_v to_o some_o particular_a deity_n the_o most_o probable_a reason_n that_o can_v be_v give_v for_o this_o practice_n be_v take_v from_o the_o common_a opinion_n that_o fear_n be_v the_o main_a principle_n of_o devotion_n among_o the_o ignorant_a heathen_n and_o therefore_o such_o darksome_a and_o lonely_a seat_n put_v they_o into_o a_o sudden_a horror_n and_o dread_a make_v they_o fancy_n that_o there_o must_v necessary_o something_o of_o divinity_n inhabit_v here_o which_o can_v produce_v in_o they_o such_o a_o awe_n and_o reverence_n at_o their_o entrance_n theatrum_fw-la cornelius_n balbi_n gaditani_n amphitheatrum_fw-la claudii_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o theatre_n amphitheatre_n circo_n naumachiae_n odea_n stadia_fw-la and_o xysti_n and_o of_o the_o campus_n martius_n theater_n so_o call_v from_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o see_v owe_v their_o original_a to_o bacchus_n 13._o bacchus_n polydor._fw-la virg._n de_fw-fr rer._n invent_v lib._n 3._o cap._n 13._o they_o be_v usual_a in_o several_a part_n of_o greece_n and_o at_o last_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o institution_n be_v borrow_a thence_o by_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o theatre_n and_o amphitheatre_n be_v two_o different_a sort_n of_o aedifices_fw-la be_v never_o question_v the_o former_a be_v build_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o semicircle_n the_o other_o general_o oval_a so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o same_o figure_n as_o if_o two_o theatre_n shall_v be_v join_v together_o ibid._n together_o ibid._n yet_o the_o same_o place_n be_v often_o call_v by_o both_o these_o name_n in_o several_a author_n they_o seem_v too_o to_o have_v be_v design_v for_o quite_o different_a end_n the_o theatre_n for_o stage-play_n the_o amphitheatre_n for_o the_o great_a show_n of_o gladiator_n wild_a beast_n etc._n etc._n the_o part_n of_o the_o theatre_n and_o amphitheatre_n best_a worth_n our_o observation_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o frequent_a use_n in_o classicks_n be_v as_o follow_v scena_n be_v a_o partition_n reach_v quite_o cross_a the_o theatre_n be_v either_o versatilis_fw-la or_o duclilis_n either_o to_o turn_v round_o or_o to_o draw_v up_o for_o the_o present_v a_o new_a prospect_n to_o the_o spectator_n as_o seâ—cius_n have_v observe_v 3._o observe_v in_o georg._n 3._o prescenium_n be_v the_o space_n of_o ground_n just_a before_o the_o scene_n where_o the_o pulpitum_fw-la stand_v into_o which_o the_o actor_n come_v from_o behind_o the_o scene_n to_o perform_v 4._o perform_v rosin_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 4._o the_o middle_a part_n or_o area_n of_o the_o amphitheatre_n be_v call_v the_o middle_a part_n or_o area_n of_o the_o amphitheatre_n be_v call_v cavea_fw-la because_o it_o be_v considerable_o low_a than_o the_o other_o part_n whence_o perhaps_o the_o name_n of_o pit_n in_o our_o playhouse_n be_v borrow_a and_o arena_n because_o it_o use_v to_o be_v strew_v with_o sand_n to_o hinder_v the_o performer_n from_o drip_v lipsius_n have_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o whole_a amphitheatre_n be_v often_o call_v by_o both_o these_o name_n amphitheat_n name_n lap_n in_o amphitheat_n and_o the_o veronese_a hill_n call_v the_o theatre_n which_o remain_v almost_o entire_a in_o that_o city_n the_o arena_n italy_n arena_n warcup_n history_n of_o italy_n there_o be_v a_o threefold_a distinction_n of_o the_o seat_n according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a division_n of_o the_o people_n into_o senator_n knight_n and_o commons_o the_o first_o range_v be_v call_v orchestra_n the_o second_o equestria_n and_o the_o other_o popularia_fw-la 5._o popularia_fw-la casalius_n de_fw-fr urb._n rom._n &_o imp._n splendore_fw-la lib._n 2._o cap._n 5._o theatre_n in_o the_o first_o age_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v only_o temporary_a and_o compose_v of_o wood_n which_o sometime_o tumble_v down_o with_o a_o great_a destruction_n as_o dio_n 37._o dio_n lib._n 37._o and_o pliny_n 15._o pliny_n lib._n 36._o cap._n 15._o speak_v of_o one_o particular_o of_o these_o temporary_a theatre_n the_o most_o celebrate_a be_v that_o of_o m._n scaurus_n mention_v by_o pliny_n ibid._n pliny_n ibid._n the_o scene_n of_o which_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o partition_n one_o above_o another_o the_o first_o consist_v of_o 120_o pillar_n of_o marble_n the_o next_o of_o the_o like_a number_n of_o pillar_n curious_o wrought_v in_o glass_n the_o top_n of_o all_o have_v still_o the_o same_o number_n of_o pillar_n adorn_v with_o gild_a tablet_n between_o the_o pillar_n be_v set_v 3000_o statue_n and_o image_n of_o brass_n the_o cavea_fw-la will_v hold_v 80000_o men._n the_o structure_n which_o curio_n afterward_o raise_v at_o the_o funeral_n of_o his_o father_n though_o inferior_a to_o the_o former_a in_o magnificence_n yet_o be_v no_o less_o remarkable_a upon_o account_n of_o the_o admirable_a artifice_n and_o contrivance_n he_o build_v two_o spacious_a theatre_n of_o wood_n so_o order_v with_o hinge_n and_o other_o necessary_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o turn_v round_o with_o very_o little_a trouble_n these_o he_o set_v at_o first_o back_n to_o back_n for_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o stage-plays_a and_o suchlike_a diversion_n to_o prevent_v the_o disorder_n that_o may_v otherwise_o arise_v by_o the_o coufusion_n of_o the_o scene_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o day_n pull_v down_o the_o scene_n and_o join_v the_o two_o front_n of_o the_o theatre_n he_o compose_v a_o exact_a amphitheatre_n in_o which_o he_o again_o oblige_v the_o people_n with_o a_o show_n of_o gladiator_n ibid._n gladiator_n ibid._n pamper_v the_o great_a be_v the_o first_o that_o undertake_v the_o raise_v a_o fix_a theatre_n which_o he_o build_v very_o noble_o with_o square_a stone_n on_o which_o account_n tacitus_n 14._o tacitus_n ann._n 14._o tell_v we_o he_o be_v severe_o reprehend_v for_o introduce_v a_o custom_n so_o different_a from_o that_o of_o their_o forefather_n who_o be_v content_v to_o see_v the_o like_a persormance_n in_o seat_n build_v only_o for_o the_o present_a occasion_n and_o in_o ancient_a time_n stand_v only_o on_o the_o ground_n to_o this_o purpose_n i_o can_v omit_v a_o ingenious_a reflection_n of_o ovid_n upon_o the_o luxury_n of_o the_o age_n he_o live_v in_o by_o compare_v the_o honest_a simplicity_n of_o the_o old_a roman_n with_o the_o vanity_n and_o extravagance_n of_o the_o modern_a in_o this_o particular_a tunc_fw-la neque_fw-la marmoreo_fw-la pendebant_fw-la vela_fw-la theatro_fw-la nec_fw-la fuerant_fw-la liquido_fw-la pulpita_fw-la rubra_fw-la croco_fw-la illic_fw-la quas_fw-la tulerant_fw-la memorata_fw-la palatia_fw-la frondes_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la positae_fw-la scaena_fw-la sine_fw-la arte_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o gradibus_fw-la sedit_fw-la populus_fw-la de_fw-la cespite_fw-la factis_fw-la quâlibet_fw-la hirsutas_fw-la frond_n tegente_fw-la comas_fw-la amandi_fw-la comas_fw-la ovid._n de_fw-fr arte_fw-la amandi_fw-la no_o pillar_n then_o of_o egypt_n costly_a stone_n no_o purple_a sail_n hang_v wave_v in_o the_o sun_n no_o flower_n about_o the_o scent_v seat_n be_v throw_v but_o sylvan_a bower_n and_o shady_a palace_n bring_v by_o themselves_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o ray_n thus_o guard_v and_o refresh_v with_o humble_a green_n ponder_v they_o gaze_v upon_o the_o artless_a scene_n their_o seat_n of_o homely_a turf_n the_o crowd_n will_v rear_v and_o cover_v with_o green_a bough_n their_o more_o disorder_a hair_n juvenal_n intimate_v that_o this_o good_a old_a custom_n remain_v still_o uncorrupted_a in_o several_a part_n of_o italy_n ipsa_fw-la dierum_fw-la festorum_fw-la herboso_fw-la colitur_fw-la si_fw-la quando_fw-la theatro_fw-la majestas_fw-la tandemque_fw-la redit_fw-la ad_fw-la pulpita_fw-la notum_fw-la exodium_fw-la cùm_fw-la personae_fw-la pallentis_fw-la hiatum_fw-la in_o gremio_fw-la matris_fw-la formidat_fw-la rusticus_fw-la infans_fw-la aequales_fw-la habitus_fw-la illuc_fw-la similemque_fw-la videbis_fw-la orchestram_fw-la &_o populum_fw-la 3._o populum_fw-la juv._n sat._n 3._o on_o theatre_n of_o turf_n in_o homely_a state_n old_a play_n they_o act_v old_a feast_n they_o celebrate_v the_o same_o rude_a song_n return_v upon_o the_o crowd_n and_o by_o
tradition_n be_v for_o wit_n allow_v the_o mimic_n yearly_o give_v the_o same_o delight_n and_o in_o the_o mother_n arm_n the_o clownish_a infant_n fright_v their_o habit_n undistinguished_a by_o degree_n be_v plain_a alike_o the_o same_o simplicity_n both_o on_o the_o stage_n and_o in_o the_o pit_n you_o see_v dryâ—en_n see_v mâ—_n dryâ—en_n some_o remain_v of_o this_o theatre_n of_o pompey_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v at_o rome_n as_o also_o of_o those_o other_o of_o marcellus_n statilius_n taurus_n tâ—berius_n and_o titus_n the_o second_o be_v almost_o entire_a 12._o entire_a fabric_n rom._n cap._n 12._o the_o circo_n be_v place_n set_v apart_o for_o the_o celebration_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o game_n which_o we_o will_v speak_v of_o hereafter_o they_o be_v general_o oblong_v or_o almost_o in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o bow_n 10._o bow_n marlian_n topog._n râ—m_n ant._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 10._o have_v a_o wall_n quite_o round_o 14._o round_o pelydor_n virg._n de_fw-fr rer._n invent_v lib._n 2._o cap._n 14._o with_o range_v of_o seat_n for_o the_o convenience_n of_o the_o spectator_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o circus_n stand_v the_o carceres_fw-la or_o list_n whence_o they_o start_v and_o just_a by_o they_o one_o of_o the_o metae_fw-la or_o mark_n the_o other_o stand_v at_o the_o far_a end_n to_o conclude_v the_o race_n there_o be_v several_a of_o these_o circi_fw-la in_o rome_n as_o those_o of_o flaminius_n nero_n caracalla_n and_o severus_n but_o the_o most_o remarkable_a as_o the_o very_a name_n import_v be_v the_o circus_n maximus_n first_o build_v by_o tarquâ—â—â—us_n priscus_n halic_fw-mi priscus_n livy_n &_o diony_n halic_fw-mi the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v four_o stadia_fw-la or_o furlong_n the_o breadth_n the_o like_a number_n of_o acre_n with_o a_o trench_n of_o ten_o foot_n deep_a and_o as_o many_o broad_a to_o receive_v the_o water_n and_o seat_n enough_o for_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o man_n 3._o man_n diony_n lib._n 3._o it_o be_v extreme_o beautify_v and_o adorn_v by_o succeed_a prince_n particular_o by_o julius_n caesar_n augustus_n caligula_n domitian_n trajan_n and_o heliogabalus_n and_o enlarge_v to_o such_o a_o prodigious_a extent_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o contain_v in_o their_o proper_a seat_n two_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o thousand_o spectator_n 36._o spectator_n plin._n lib._n 36._o the_o naumachiae_n or_o place_n for_o the_o show_v of_o sea-engagement_n be_v nowhere_o particular_o describe_v but_o we_o may_v suppose_v they_o to_o be_v very_o little_a different_a from_o the_o circo_n and_o amphitheatre_n since_o those_o sort_n of_o show_n for_o which_o they_o be_v design_v be_v often_o exhibit_v in_o the_o forementioned_a place_n 13._o place_n marlian_n topog._n rom._n ant._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 13._o odeum_n be_v a_o public_a edifice_n much_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o theatre_n 12._o theatre_n fabric_n rom._n cap._n 12._o where_o the_o musician_n and_o actor_n private_o exercise_v before_o their_o appearance_n on_o the_o stage_n 4._o stage_n rosin_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 4._o plutarch_n have_v describe_v one_o of_o these_o odeum_n at_o athens_n whence_o to_o be_v sure_o the_o roman_n take_v the_o hint_n of_o they_o in_o the_o follow_a word_n for_o the_o contrivance_n of_o it_o on_o the_o inside_n it_o be_v full_a of_o seat_n and_o range_v of_o pillar_n and_o on_o the_o outside_n the_o roof_n or_o cover_v of_o it_o be_v make_v from_o one_o point_n at_o top_n with_o a_o great_a many_o bend_n all_o shelve_v downward_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n be_v pavilion_n periâ—â—e_n pavilion_n in_o periâ—â—e_n the_o stadia_fw-la be_v place_n in_o the_o form_n of_o circo_n for_o the_o run_v of_o man_n and_o horse_n 12._o horse_n fabric_n rom._n cap._n 12._o a_o very_a noble_a one_o suetonius_n domitian_n suetonius_n in_o domitian_n tell_v we_o be_v build_v by_o domitian_n the_o xysti_n be_v place_n build_v after_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o portico_n for_o the_o wrestler_n to_o exercise_v in_o 12._o in_o fabric_n rom._n cap._n 12._o circi_fw-la et_fw-la quinque_fw-la ludicrorum_fw-la circensium_fw-la deformatio_fw-la ex_fw-la onuphrio_n panvinio_fw-la naumachiae_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la navalis_fw-la pugnae_fw-la descriptio_fw-la ex_fw-la onuphr_n panvinio_fw-la the_o campus_n martius_n famous_a on_o so_o many_o account_n be_v a_o large_a plain_a field_n lie_v near_o the_o tiber_n whence_o we_o find_v it_o sometime_o under_o the_o name_n of_o tiberinus_n it_o be_v call_v martius_n because_o it_o have_v be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o old_a roman_n to_o the_o god_n mars_n beside_o the_o pleasant_a situation_n and_o other_o natural_a ornament_n the_o continual_a sport_n and_o exercise_n perform_v here_o make_v it_o one_o of_o the_o most_o divert_v sight_n near_o the_o city_n for_o here_o the_o young_a nobleman_n practise_v all_o manner_n of_o feat_n of_o activity_n learn_v the_o use_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n and_o weapon_n here_o the_o race_n either_o with_o chariot_n or_o single_a horse_n be_v undertake_v beside_o this_o it_o be_v noble_o adorn_v with_o the_o statue_n of_o famous_a man_n and_o with_o arch_n column_n and_o portico_n and_o other_o magnificent_a structure_n here_o stand_v the_o villa_n publica_n or_o palace_n for_o the_o reception_n and_o entertainment_n of_o ambassador_n from_o foreign_a state_n who_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o enter_v the_o city_n several_a of_o the_o public_a comitia_fw-la be_v hold_v in_o this_o field_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n be_v the_o septa_fw-la or_o ovilia_fw-la build_v a_o apartment_n enclose_v with_o rail_n where_o the_o tribe_n or_o century_n go_v in_o one_o by_o one_o to_o give_v their_o vote_n cicero_n in_o one_o of_o his_o epistle_n to_o atticus_n intimate_v a_o noble_a design_n he_o have_v to_o make_v the_o septa_fw-la of_o marble_n and_o to_o cover_v they_o with_o a_o high_a roof_n with_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o stately_a portico_n or_o piazza_n all_o round_a but_o we_o hear_v no_o more_o of_o this_o project_n and_o therefore_o may_v reasonable_o suppose_v he_o be_v disappoint_v by_o the_o civil_a war_n which_o break_v out_o present_o after_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o curiae_fw-la senacula_fw-la basilicae_fw-la fora_n and_o comitium_n the_o roman_a curia_n as_o it_o signify_v a_o public_a edifice_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n divine_a and_o civil_a in_o the_o former_a the_o priest_n and_o religious_a order_n meet_v for_o the_o regulation_n of_o the_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n belong_v to_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o god_n in_o the_o other_o the_o senate_n use_v to_o assemble_v to_o consult_v about_o the_o public_a concern_v of_o the_o commonwealth_n 16._o commonwealth_n alex._n ab_fw-la alex._n lib._n 1._o c._n 16._o the_o senate_n can_v not_o meet_v in_o such_o a_o curia_n unless_o it_o have_v be_v solemn_o consecrate_v by_o the_o augur_n 7._o augur_n a_o gell._n lib._n 14._o c._n 7._o and_o make_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o a_o temple_n sometime_o at_o least_o the_o curiae_fw-la be_v not_o distinct_a building_n but_o only_o a_o room_n or_o hall_n in_o some_o public_a place_n as_o particular_o livy_n 1._o livy_n lib._n 1._o and_o pliny_n lib._n pliny_n lib._n speak_v of_o a_o curia_n in_o the_o comitium_fw-la though_o that_o itself_o be_v no_o entire_a structure_n the_o most_o celebrate_a curiae_fw-la be_v curia_n hostilia_n build_v by_o tullus_n hostilius_n as_o livy_n 1._o livy_n lib._n 1._o inform_v we_o and_o curia_n pompeii_n where_o the_o senate_n assemble_v for_o the_o effect_v the_o death_n of_o julius_n caesar_n â—o_o caesar_n sueton._n in_o jul._n caes_n c_o â—o_o senaculum_fw-la be_v sometime_o the_o same_o as_o curia_n 27._o curia_n marlian_n topog._n ant._n rom._n lib._n 3._o c._n 27._o to_o be_v sure_a it_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o meeting-place_n for_o the_o senate_n the_o same_o as_o the_o grecian_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sext._n pomp._n festus_n senaculum_fw-la festus_n in_o vece_n senaculum_fw-la tell_v we_o of_o three_o senacula_n two_o within_o the_o city-wall_n for_o ordinary_a consultation_n and_o one_o without_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o city_n where_o the_o senate_n assemble_v to_o give_v audience_n to_o those_o ambassador_n of_o foreign_a state_n who_o they_o be_v unwilling_a to_o honour_n with_o a_o admission_n into_o the_o city_n lampridius_n â—ai_fw-fr lampridius_n in_o vit_fw-mi lâ—â—_n â—ai_fw-fr inform_v we_o that_o the_o emperor_n heliogabalus_n build_v a_o senaculum_fw-la purposely_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o woman_n where_o upon_o high_a day_n a_o council_n of_o grave_a matron_n be_v to_o keep_v court_n the_o basilicae_n be_v very_o spacious_a and_o beautiful_a aedifices_fw-la design_v not_o only_o for_o the_o senate_n to_o sit_v in_o but_o for_o the_o judge_n too_o in_o the_o decision_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o cause_n and_o for_o the_o counsellor_n to_o receive_v client_n the_o banker_n too_o have_v one_o part_n of_o it_o allot_v for_o their_o residence_n 7._o residence_n rosin_n ant._n
lib._n 9_o cap._n 7._o vossius_fw-la basilica_n vossius_fw-la in_o voâ—e_n basilica_n have_v observe_v that_o these_o basilicae_fw-la be_v exact_o in_o the_o shape_n of_o our_o church_n oblong_v almost_o like_o a_o ship_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o many_o of_o they_o christian_a church_n be_v several_a time_n raise_v on_o the_o old_a foundation_n and_o very_o often_o a_o whole_a basilica_n convert_v to_o such_o a_o pious_a use_n and_o hence_o perhaps_o all_o our_o great_a domo_n or_o cathedral_n be_v still_o call_v basilicae_fw-la the_o roman_a forum_n be_v public_a building_n about_o three_o time_n as_o long_o as_o they_o be_v broad_a all_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o forum_n be_v surround_v with_o arch_a portico_n only_o some_o passage_n be_v leave_v for_o place_n of_o entrance_n they_o general_o contrive_v to_o have_v the_o most_o stately_a aedifices_fw-la all_o round_o they_o as_o temple_n theatre_n basilicae_n etc._n etc._n rom._n etc._n lip_n de_fw-fr mag._n rom._n they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n fora_n civilia_fw-la and_o fora_n venalia_fw-la the_o first_o be_v design_v for_o the_o ornament_n of_o the_o city_n and_o for_o the_o use_n of_o public_a court_n of_o justice_n the_o other_o be_v intend_v for_o no_o other_o end_n but_o the_o necessity_n and_o convenience_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o be_v no_o doubt_n equivalent_a to_o our_o market_n i_o believe_v lipsius_n in_o the_o description_n that_o have_v be_v give_v above_o mean_v only_o the_o former_a of_o these_o there_o be_v five_o very_a considerable_a in_o rome_n forum_n romanum_n build_v by_o romulus_n and_o adorn_v with_o portico_n on_o all_o side_n by_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n it_o be_v call_v forum_n romanum_n or_o simple_o forum_n by_o way_n of_o eminence_n on_o account_n of_o its_o antiquity_n and_o of_o the_o most_o frequent_a use_n of_o it_o in_o public_a affair_n martial_a 2._o martial_a epâ—g_v lib._n 2._o and_o statius_n 1._o statius_n sylvar_n lib._n 1._o car_n 1._o for_o the_o same_o reason_n give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o forum_n latium_n ovid_n the_o same_o 4._o same_o fast_o 4._o and_o forum_n magnum_n 3_o magnum_n fast_o 3_o and_o herodian_a antonin_n herodian_a in_o vit_fw-mi m._n antonin_n forum_n vetus_fw-la statius_n the_o poet_n 1._o poet_n sylu._n lib._n 1._o car_n 1._o have_v give_v a_o accurate_a description_n of_o the_o forum_n in_o his_o poem_n upon_o the_o statue_n of_o domitian_n on_o horseback_n set_v up_o here_o by_o that_o emperor_n forum_n julium_n build_v by_o julius_n caesar_n with_o the_o spoil_n take_v in_o the_o gallic_a war._n the_o very_a area_n suetonius_n 26._o suetonius_n in_o jul._n caes_n cap._n 26._o tell_v we_o cost_v 100000_o sesterce_n and_o dio_n lib_n dio_n dio._n lib_n affirm_v it_o to_o have_v much_o exceed_v the_o forum_n romanum_n forum_n augusti_n build_v by_o augustus_n caesar_n and_o reckon_v by_o pliny_n among_o the_o wonder_n of_o the_o city_n the_o most_o remarkable_a curiosity_n be_v the_o statue_n in_o the_o two_o portico_n on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o main_a building_n in_o one_o all_o the_o latin_a king_n beginning_z with_o aeneas_z in_o the_o other_o all_o the_o king_n of_o rome_n begin_v with_o romulus_n and_o most_o of_o the_o eminent_a person_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o himself_o among_o the_o rest_n with_o a_o inscription_n upon_o the_o pedestal_n of_o every_o statue_n express_v the_o chief_a action_n and_o exploit_n of_o the_o person_n it_o represent_v rom._n represent_v lip_n de_fw-fr magnitud_n rom._n this_o forum_n as_o spartian_a hadrian_n spartian_a in_o vit_fw-mi hadrian_n inform_v we_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o emperor_n hadrian_n forum_n nervae_fw-la begin_v by_o domitian_n as_o suetonius_n 5._o suetonius_n in_o domit._n cap_n 5._o relate_v but_o finish_v and_o name_v by_o the_o emperor_n nerva_n in_o this_o forum_n alexander_n severus_n set_v up_o the_o statue_n of_o all_o the_o emperor_n that_o have_v be_v canonize_v severo_fw-la canonize_v spartian_a in_fw-la severo_fw-la in_o imitation_n of_o the_o contrivance_n of_o augustus_n mention_v but_o now_o this_o forum_n be_v call_v transitorium_fw-la because_o it_o lay_v very_o convenient_a for_o a_o passage_n to_o the_o other_o three_o and_o palladium_n from_o the_o statue_n of_o minerva_n the_o tutelar_a deity_n of_o augustus_n rom._n augustus_n lip_n in_o magn._n rom._n upon_o which_o account_n perhaps_o fabricius_n 7._o fabricius_n roma_fw-it cap._n 7._o attribute_n the_o name_n of_o palladium_n to_o the_o forum_n of_o that_o emperor_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o thing_n remain_v of_o this_o forum_n except_o a_o old_a decay_a arch_n which_o the_o people_n by_o a_o strange_a corruption_n instead_o of_o nerva_n arch_n call_v noah_n ark_n 14._o ark_n marlian_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 14._o but_o the_o most_o celebrate_a for_o the_o admirable_a structure_n and_o contrivance_n be_v the_o forum_n trajani_n build_v by_o the_o emperor_n trajan_n with_o the_o foreign_a spoil_n he_o have_v take_v in_o the_o war_n the_o cover_v of_o this_o edifice_n be_v all_o brass_n the_o portico_n exceed_o beautiful_a and_o magnificent_a with_o pillar_n of_o more_o than_o ordinary_a height_n and_o chapiters_n of_o excessive_a bigness_n 13._o bigness_n idem_fw-la lib._n 2._o cap._n 13._o ammianus_n marcellinus_n in_o the_o description_n of_o constantius_n his_o triumphal_a entrance_n into_o rome_n when_o he_o have_v bring_v he_o with_o no_o ordinary_a admiration_n by_o the_o bath_n the_o pantheon_n the_o capitol_n and_o other_o noble_a structure_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o he_o give_v he_o a_o sight_n of_o this_o forum_n of_o trajan_n he_o put_v he_o into_o a_o ecstasy_n and_o can_v forbear_v make_v a_o harangue_n upon_o the_o matter_n 16._o matter_n ammian_n marcelin_n hist_o lib._n 16._o we_o meet_v in_o the_o same_o place_n with_o a_o very_a smart_n repartee_n which_o constantius_n receive_v at_o this_o time_n from_o ormisdas_n a_o persian_a prince_n the_o emperor_n as_o he_o strange_o admire_v every_o thing_n belong_v to_o this_o noble_a pile_n so_o he_o have_v a_o particular_a fancy_n for_o the_o statue_n of_o trajan_n horse_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o building_n and_o express_v his_o desire_n of_o do_v as_o much_o for_o his_o own_o beast_n pray_v sir_n say_v the_o prince_n before_o you_o talk_v of_o get_v such_o a_o horse_n will_v you_o be_v please_v to_o build_v such_o a_o stable_a to_o put_v he_o in_o ibid._n in_o ibid._n the_o chief_a fora_n venalia_fw-la or_o market_n be_v boarium_fw-la for_o ox_n and_o beef_n suarium_fw-la for_o swine_n pistorium_n for_o bread_n cupedinarium_n for_o dainty_n holitorium_n for_o root_n saller_n and_o suchlike_a the_o comitium_n be_v only_o a_o part_n of_o the_o forum_n romanum_n which_o serve_v sometime_o for_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o comitia_fw-la which_o will_v be_v describe_v hereafter_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o forum_n stand_v the_o rostra_fw-la be_v a_o suggestum_fw-la or_o sort_n of_o pulpit_n adorn_v with_o the_o beak_n of_o ship_n take_v in_o a_o sea-fight_n from_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o antium_n in_o italy_n as_o livy_n inform_v we_o 8._o we_o lib._n 8._o in_o this_o the_o cause_n be_v plead_v the_o oration_n make_v and_o the_o funeral_n panegyric_n speak_v by_o person_n at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o relation_n which_o pious_a action_n they_o term_v defuncti_fw-la pro_fw-la rostris_fw-la laudatio_fw-la hard_o by_o be_v fix_v the_o puteal_n of_o which_o we_o have_v several_a and_o very_o different_a account_n from_o the_o critic_n but_o none_o more_o probable_a than_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ingenious_a mounseur_fw-fr dacier_n 35._o dacier_n dacier_n not_o on_o horace_n sat._n lib._n 2._o sat._n 6._o vers_fw-la 35._o which_o he_o deliver_v to_o this_o purpose_n the_o roman_n whenever_o a_o thunderbolt_n fall_v upon_o a_o place_n without_o a_o roof_n take_v care_n out_o of_o superstition_n to_o have_v a_o sort_n of_o cover_v build_v over_o it_o which_o they_o proper_o call_v puteal_v this_o have_v the_o name_n of_o puteal_n libonis_n and_o scribonium_n puteal_v because_o scribonius_n libo_n erect_v it_o by_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n the_o praetor_n tribunal_n stand_v just_a by_o be_v often_o signify_v in_o author_n by_o the_o same_o expression_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o portico_n arch_n column_n and_o trophy_n in_o account_n of_o the_o eminent_a building_n of_o the_o city_n the_o portico_n have_v ever_o have_v a_o honourable_a place_n they_o be_v structure_n of_o curious_a work_n and_o extraordinary_a beauty_n annex_v to_o public_a edifice_n sacred_a or_o civil_a as_o well_o for_o ornament_n as_o use_v they_o general_o take_v their_o name_n either_o from_o the_o temple_n that_o they_o stand_v near_o as_o porticus_fw-la concordiae_fw-la quirini_n herculis_n etc._n etc._n or_o from_o the_o author_n as_o porticus_fw-la pompeia_n octavia_n livia_n etc._n etc._n or_o from_o the_o nature_n and_o form_n of_o the_o building_n as_o porticus_fw-la curva_fw-la stadiata_fw-la porphyretica_fw-la or_o
piece_n of_o stone_n and_o timber_n or_o such_o like_a material_n be_v carry_v down_o the_o channel_n and_o yet_o the_o fabric_n receive_v no_o detriment_n sometime_o the_o ruin_n of_o whole_a building_n destroy_v by_o fire_n or_o other_o casualty_n press_v heavy_o upon_o the_o frame_n sometime_o terrible_a earthquake_n shake_v the_o very_a foundation_n and_o yet_o they_o still_o continue_v impregnable_a almost_o 800_o year_n since_o they_o be_v first_o lay_v by_o tarqvinius_n 15._o tarqvinius_n pâ—m._n lib._n 36._o cap._n 15._o very_o little_a inferior_a to_o the_o work_v already_o mention_v be_v the_o public_a way_n build_v with_o extraordinary_a charge_n to_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o city_n on_o all_o side_n they_o be_v general_o pave_v with_o flint_n though_o sometime_o and_o especial_o without_o the_o city_n with_o pebble_n and_o gravel_n the_o most_o noble_a in_o all_o respect_n be_v the_o via_fw-la appia_n take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o author_n appius_n the_o same_o that_o invent_v the_o cloacae_fw-la this_o be_v carry_v to_o such_o a_o vast_a length_n that_o procopius_n 1._o procopius_n de_fw-fr bell_n goth._n lib._n 1._o reckon_v it_o a_o very_a good_a five_o day_n journey_n to_o reach_v the_o end_n and_o lipsius_n rom._n lipsius_n de_fw-fr magn._n rom._n compute_v it_o at_o 350_o miles_n a_o account_n of_o as_o much_o of_o this_o way_n as_o lie_v between_o rome_n and_o naples_n the_o reverend_a dr._n burnet_n have_v oblige_v we_o with_o in_o his_o letter_n four_o letter_n letter_n four_o he_o tell_v we_o it_o be_v twelve_o foot_n broad_a all_o make_v of_o huge_a stone_n most_o of_o they_o blue_a and_o they_o be_v general_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a large_a of_o all_o side_n and_o present_o after_o admire_v the_o extraordinary_a strength_n of_o the_o work_n he_o say_v that_o though_o it_o have_v last_v above_o 1800_o year_n yet_o in_o most_o place_n it_o be_v for_o several_a mile_n together_o as_o entire_a as_o when_o it_o be_v first_o make_v and_o as_o to_o the_o via_fw-la flaminia_n the_o next_o causey_n of_o note_n the_o same_o author_n observe_v that_o though_o it_o be_v not_o indeed_o so_o entire_a as_o the_o former_a yet_o there_o be_v enough_o leave_v to_o raise_v a_o just_a idea_n of_o the_o roman_a greatness_n i_o must_v desire_v leave_n to_o conclude_v this_o subject_a with_o the_o ingenious_a epigram_n of_o janus_n vitalis_n a_o italian_a poet._n quid_fw-la romam_fw-la in_o mediâ_fw-la quaeris_fw-la novus_fw-la advena_fw-la româ_fw-la et_fw-la romae_fw-la in_o româ_fw-la nil_fw-la reperis_fw-la mediâ_fw-la aspice_fw-la murorum_fw-la mole_n praeruptaque_fw-la saxa_fw-la obrutaque_fw-la horrenti_fw-la vasta_fw-la theatra_fw-la situ_fw-la haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la roma_fw-la viden_n '_o velut_fw-la ipsa_fw-la cadavera_fw-la tantae_fw-la vrbis_fw-la adhuc_fw-la spirent_fw-la imperiosa_fw-la minas_fw-la vicit_fw-la ut_fw-la haec_fw-la mundum_fw-la nisa_fw-la est_fw-la se_fw-la vincere_fw-la vicit_fw-la a_fw-la se_fw-la non_fw-la victum_fw-la ne_fw-la quid_fw-la in_o orbe_fw-la foret_fw-la hunc_fw-la victâ_fw-la in_o româ_fw-la victrix_fw-la roma_fw-la illa_fw-la sepulta_fw-la est_fw-la atque_fw-la eadem_fw-la victrix_fw-la victaque_fw-la roma_fw-la fuit_fw-la albula_n romani_fw-la restat_fw-la nunc_fw-la nominis_fw-la index_n qui_fw-la quoque_fw-la nunc_fw-la rapidis_fw-la fertur_fw-la in_o aequor_fw-la aquis_fw-la disee_fw-mi hinc_fw-la quid_fw-la possit_fw-la fortuna_fw-la immota_fw-la labascunt_fw-la et_fw-la quae_fw-la perpetuò_fw-la sunt_fw-la agitata_fw-la manent_fw-la within_o rome_n wall_n vain_a stranger_n be_v thou_o come_v to_o seek_v for_o rome_n and_o find_v no_o rome_n in_o rome_n see_v here_o the_o craggy_a wall_n the_o tow'r_n deface_v and_o pile_n that_o frighten_v more_o than_o once_o they_o please_v see_v the_o vast_a theater_n a_o shapeless_a load_n and_o sight_n more_o tragic_a than_o they_o ever_o show_v this_o this_o be_v rome_n her_o haughty_a carcase_n spread_v still_o awe_v in_o ruin_n and_o command_v when_o dead_a the_o subject_a world_n first_o take_v from_o she_o their_o fate_n and_o when_o she_o only_o stand_v unconquered_a yet_o herself_o she_o last_v subdue_v to_o make_v the_o work_n complete_a ibid_fw-la complete_a ibid_fw-la but_o ah_o so_o dear_a the_o fatal_a triumph_n cost_n that_o conquer_a rome_n be_v the_o conquer_v lose_v yet_o roll_a tiber_n still_o maintain_v his_o stream_n swell_v with_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o roman_a name_n strange_a power_n of_o fate_n unshaken_a mole_n must_v waste_v while_o thing_n that_o ever_o move_v for_o ever_o last_o part_n ii_o book_n ii_o of_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o roman_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o religion_n and_o morality_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o general_n that_o religion_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o establish_n of_o civil_a government_n be_v a_o truth_n so_o far_o from_o be_v deny_v by_o any_o sort_n of_o person_n that_o we_o meet_v with_o too_o many_o who_o be_v unwilling_a to_o allow_v any_o other_o design_n in_o sacred_a institution_n as_o to_o the_o roman_n it_o have_v be_v universal_o agree_v that_o virtue_n and_o fortune_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o sort_n of_o noble_a contention_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o grandeur_n and_o happiness_n of_o that_o people_n and_o a_o very_a great_a judge_n have_v conclude_v the_o latter_a to_o be_v only_o a_o consequence_n of_o the_o other_o for_o religion_n say_v he_o 11._o he_o machiavel_n discourse_n on_o livy_n lib._n 1_o cap._n 11._o produce_v good_a law_n good_a law_n good_a fortune_n and_o good_a fortune_n a_o good_a end_n in_o whatever_o they_o undertake_v and_o perhaps_o he_o have_v not_o strain_v the_o panegyric_n too_o high_a when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o for_o several_a age_n together_o never_o be_v the_o fear_n of_o god_n more_o eminent_o conspicuous_a than_o in_o that_o republic_n ibid._n republic_n ibid._n it_o be_v this_o consideration_n which_o make_v the_o great_a st._n austin_n observe_v 15._o observe_v de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 4._o cap._n 15._o that_o god_n will_v not_o give_v heaven_n to_o the_o roman_n because_o they_o be_v heathen_n but_o he_o give_v they_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o world_n because_o they_o be_v virtuous_a and_o indeed_o in_o their_o more_o general_a virtue_n their_o practice_n incline_v rather_o to_o the_o excess_n than_o the_o defect_n thus_o be_v they_o devout_a to_o superstition_n valiant_a to_o a_o contempt_n of_o life_n and_o a_o incesiderate_a court_v of_o danger_n frugal_n and_o temperate_a in_o the_o fâ—â—â—_n age_n to_o a_o voluntary_a abstinence_n from_o agreeable_a pleasure_n aâ—â—_n convenience_n constant_a several_a time_n to_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o own_o ruin_n and_o rather_o rigorous_a than_o just_a a_o tedious_a account_n 〈◊〉_d the_o decii_n regulus_n fabricius_n curius_n scaevola_n etc._n etc._n will_v 〈◊〉_d needless_a even_o to_o a_o schoolboy_n who_o be_v seldom_o unfurnish_a wâ—â—â—_n a_o stock_n of_o relation_n but_o we_o must_v by_o no_o mean_n omit_v a_o most_o noble_a say_n of_o câ—â—â—cero_n to_o this_o purpose_n in_o his_o oration_n about_o the_o answer_n of_o thâ—_n aruspices_fw-la quà m_fw-la volumus_fw-la licet_fw-la patres_fw-la conscripti_fw-la nos_fw-la amemus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d man_n nec_fw-la numero_fw-la hispanos_fw-la nec_fw-la robore_fw-la gallos_n nec_fw-la calliditate_fw-la paâ—â—_n nec_fw-la artibus_fw-la graecos_n nec_fw-la denique_fw-la hoc_fw-la ipso_fw-la huius_fw-la gentis_fw-la &_o terrae_fw-la â—â—mestico_fw-la nativoque_fw-la sensu_fw-la italos_n ipsos_fw-la &_o latino_n sed_fw-la pielate_fw-la ac_fw-la reâ—gione_fw-la atque_fw-la hà c_fw-la unà _fw-la sapientiâ_fw-la quòd_fw-la deorum_fw-la immortalium_fw-la numiâ—â—_n omne_fw-la regi_fw-la gubernarique_fw-la perspeximus_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la nationesâ—â—_n superavimus_fw-la but_o it_o will_v natural_o be_v object_v that_o whatever_o harangue_n we_o make_v upon_o the_o justice_n temperance_n and_o other_o â—â—â—lebrated_a virtue_n of_o the_o old_a roman_n they_o at_o last_o degeneratâ—â—â—_n into_o the_o most_o luxurious_a and_o extravagant_a people_n in_o the_o world_n eâ—very_n page_n of_o their_o own_o satirist_n be_v a_o very_a good_a argument_n sâ—â—_n this_o opinion_n beside_o the_o numerous_a complaint_n of_o their_o historian_n and_o other_o writer_n now_o though_o lipsius_n have_v undertake_v 〈◊〉_d bring_v they_o off_o clear_a from_o all_o such_o imputation_n yet_o i_o think_v 〈◊〉_d must_v be_v force_v to_o allow_v that_o they_o do_v indeed_o debase_v the_o nobâ—â—_n and_o generous_a spirit_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o this_o corruption_n wâ—â—_n without_o doubt_n the_o only_a cause_n of_o the_o declension_n and_o firâ—â—_n ruin_v of_o the_o empire_n but_o as_o we_o be_v not_o to_o give_v over_o tâ—â—_n cause_n of_o virtue_n on_o account_n of_o the_o debauchery_n of_o late_a time_n 〈◊〉_d we_o have_v little_a reason_n to_o exalt_v the_o eminent_a quality_n of_o the_o oliâ—â—_n roman_n to_o so_o high_a a_o pitch_n as_o some_o imagine_v there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o make_v a_o hero_n of_o every_o consul_n or_o fancy_v every_o oâ—â—_n who_o be_v eminent_o serviceable_a to_o the_o republic_n to_o have_v be_v 〈◊〉_d person_n of_o consummate_v virtue_n so_o that_o when_o we_o meet_v iâ—_n roman_n
their_o original_a to_o romulus_n who_o borrow_a the_o institution_n from_o the_o tuscan_n the_o tuscan_n receive_v it_o as_o the_o general_a tradition_n go_v from_o a_o boy_n that_o they_o plough_v up_o casual_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n who_o oblige_v they_o with_o a_o discovery_n of_o all_o the_o mystery_n belong_v to_o this_o art_n 2._o art_n cicero_n de_fw-fr divinat_fw-la lib._n 2._o at_o first_o only_o the_o native_n of_o tuscany_n exercise_v this_o office_n at_o rome_n and_o therefore_o the_o senate_n make_v a_o order_n that_o twelve_o of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o principal_a noblity_n shall_v be_v send_v into_o that_o country_n to_o be_v instruct_v in_o the_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n of_o their_o religion_n of_o which_o this_o secret_n be_v a_o chief_a part_n 1._o part_n idem_fw-la de_fw-la divinat_fw-la lib._n 1._o the_o business_n of_o the_o haruspice_n be_v to_o look_v upon_o the_o beast_n offer_v in_o sacrifice_n and_o by_o they_o to_o divine_a the_o success_n of_o any_o enterprise_n they_o take_v their_o observation_n from_o four_o appearance_n 1._o from_o the_o beast_n before_o they_o be_v cut_v up_o 2._o from_o the_o entrail_n of_o those_o beast_n after_o they_o be_v cut_v up_o 3._o from_o the_o flame_n that_o use_v to_o rise_v when_o they_o be_v burn_v 4._o from_o the_o flower_n or_o bran_n from_o the_o frankincense_n wine_n and_o water_n that_o they_o use_v in_o the_o sacrifice_n in_o the_o beast_n before_o they_o be_v cut_v up_o they_o take_v notice_n whether_o they_o be_v force_v to_o be_v drag_v to_o the_o altar_n whether_o they_o get_v loose_a out_o of_o the_o leader_n hand_n whether_o they_o escape_v the_o the_o stroke_n or_o bound_v up_o and_o roar_v very_o loud_a when_o they_o receive_v it_o whether_o they_o die_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n all_o which_o with_o several_a other_o omen_n be_v count_v unfortunate_a or_o whether_o on_o the_o other_o side_n they_o follow_v the_o leader_n without_o compulsion_n receive_v the_o blow_n without_o struggle_v and_o resistance_n whether_o they_o die_v easy_o and_o send_v out_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o blood_n which_o give_v the_o like_a assurance_n of_o a_o prosperous_a event_n in_o the_o beast_n when_o cut_v up_o they_o observe_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o part_n and_o whether_o any_o be_v want_v a_o double_a liver_n be_v count_v high_o unfortunate_a a_o little_a or_o a_o lean_a heart_n be_v always_o unlucky_a if_o the_o heart_n be_v whole_o miss_v nothing_o can_v be_v think_v more_o fatal_a and_o dreadful_a as_o it_o happen_v in_o two_o ox_n together_o offer_v by_o julius_n caesar_n a_o little_a before_o his_o murder_n if_o the_o entrail_n fall_v out_o of_o the_o priest_n hand_n if_o they_o be_v daub_v more_o than_o ordinary_a with_o blood_n if_o they_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a livid_fw-la colour_n they_o portend_v sudden_a danger_n and_o ruin_n as_o to_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o sacrifice_n it_o furnish_v they_o with_o a_o good_a omen_n if_o it_o gather_v up_o violent_o and_o present_o consume_v the_o sacrifice_n if_o it_o be_v clear_a pure_a and_o transparent_a without_o any_o mixture_n of_o smoke_n and_o not_o discolour_a with_o red_a pale_a or_o black_a if_o it_o be_v quiet_a and_o calm_a not_o sparkle_v or_o crackle_v but_o run_v up_o direct_o in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o pyramid_n on_o the_o contrary_a it_o always_o portend_v misfortune_n if_o at_o first_o it_o require_v much_o pain_n to_o light_v it_o if_o it_o do_v not_o burn_v upright_o but_o roll_v into_o circle_n and_o leave_v void_a space_n between_o they_o if_o it_o do_v not_o present_o catch_v hold_n on_o the_o whole_a sacrifice_n but_o creep_v up_o by_o degree_n from_o one_o part_n to_o another_o if_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v spread_v about_o by_o the_o wind_n or_o to_o be_v put_v out_o by_o sudden_a rain_n or_o to_o leave_v any_o part_n unconsume_v in_o the_o meal_n frankincense_n wine_n and_o water_n they_o be_v to_o observe_v whether_o they_o have_v their_o due_a quantity_n their_o proper_a taste_n colour_n and_o smell_v etc._n etc._n there_o be_v several_a lesser_a sign_n which_o supply_v they_o with_o conjecture_n too_o insignificant_a to_o be_v here_o mention_v most_o of_o these_o ill_a omen_n be_v hint_v at_o by_o virgil._n georg._n 3._o v._n 486._o saepe_fw-la in_o honore_fw-la deûm_fw-la medio_fw-la stans_fw-la â—osiia_fw-la ad_fw-la aram_fw-la lanea_fw-la dum_fw-la niveà _fw-la circumdatur_fw-la insula_fw-la vittâ_fw-la inter_fw-la cunctantes_fw-la cecidit_fw-la moribunda_fw-la ministros_fw-la aut_fw-la si_fw-la quam_fw-la ferro_fw-la mactaverat_fw-la ante_fw-la sacerdos_n ind_n neque_fw-la impositis_fw-la ardent_a altaria_fw-la fibris_fw-la nec_fw-la responsa_fw-la potest_fw-la consultus_fw-la reddere_fw-la vates_fw-la ac_fw-la vix_fw-la suppositi_fw-la tinguntur_fw-la sanguine_a cultri_fw-la summaque_fw-la jejunâ_fw-la sanie_fw-la infuscatur_fw-la arena_fw-la the_o victim_n ox_n that_o be_v for_o altar_n press_v trim_v with_o white_a ribbon_n and_o with_o garland_n dress_v sink_v of_o himself_o without_o the_o god_n command_n prevent_v the_o slow_a sacrificer_n hand_n or_o by_o the_o holy_a butcher_n if_o he_o fall_v the_o inspected_a entrail_n can_v no_o fate_n foretell_v nor_o lay_v on_o altar_n do_v pure_a flame_n arise_v but_o cloud_n of_o smoulder_a smoke_n forbid_v the_o sacrifice_n scarce_o the_o knife_n be_v redden_v with_o his_o gore_n or_o the_o black_a poison_n stain_v the_o sandy_a floor_n mr._n dryden_n there_o be_v but_o two_o account_n of_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o pontifices_fw-la and_o both_o very_a uncertain_a either_o from_o pons_n and_o facere_fw-la because_o they_o first_o build_v the_o sublician_n bridge_n in_o rome_n and_o have_v the_o care_n of_o its_o repair_n or_o from_o posse_n and_o facere_fw-la where_fw-mi facere_fw-la must_v be_v interpret_v to_o signify_v the_o same_o as_o offer_v and_o sacrificare_fw-la the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v the_o most_o receive_a opinion_n and_o yet_o plutarch_n himself_o have_v call_v it_o absurd_a numa_n absurd_a in_o numa_n at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o they_o by_o numa_n the_o number_n be_v confine_v to_o four_o who_o be_v constant_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n till_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 454_o when_o five_o more_o be_v order_v to_o be_v add_v out_o of_o the_o commons_o at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o the_o augur_n receive_v the_o like_a addition_n and_o as_o the_o augur_n have_v a_o college_n so_o the_o pontifices_fw-la too_o be_v settle_v in_o such_o a_o body_n and_o as_o sylla_n afterward_o add_v seven_o augur_n so_o he_o add_v as_o many_o pontifices_fw-la to_o the_o college_n the_o first_o eight_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o pontifices_fw-la majores_fw-la the_o other_o of_o minores_fw-la the_o office_n of_o the_o pontifices_fw-la be_v to_o give_v judgement_n in_o all_o cause_n relate_v to_o religion_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o life_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o inferior_a priest_n and_o to_o 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rerum_fw-la humanarum_fw-la divinarumque_fw-la the_o judge_n and_o arbitrator_n of_o divine_a and_o humane_a affair_n upon_o this_o account_n all_o the_o emperor_n after_o the_o example_n of_o julius_n caesar_n and_o augustus_n either_o actual_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o office_n or_o at_o least_o use_v the_o name_n and_o even_o the_o christian_a emperor_n for_o some_o time_n retain_v this_o in_o the_o ordinary_a enumeration_n of_o their_o title_n till_o the_o time_n of_o gratian_n who_o as_o we_o learn_v from_o zozimus_n 4._o zozimus_n histor_n lib._n 4._o absolute_o refuse_v it_o polydore_v virgil_n 14._o virgil_n de_fw-fr rerum_fw-la invent._n lib._n 14._o cap._n 14._o do_v not_o question_n but_o this_o be_v a_o infallible_a omen_n of_o the_o authority_n which_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n enjoy_v to_o this_o day_n under_o the_o same_o name_n of_o pontifex_n maximus_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o flamen_fw-la rex_fw-la sacrorum_fw-la salii_fw-la and_o feciales_n the_o name_n of_o the_o flamen_v be_v not_o much_o clear_a than_o the_o former_a plutarch_n make_v
go_v abroad_o they_o have_v the_o fasces_fw-la carry_v before_o they_o ibib._n they_o ibib._n a_o consul_n or_o the_o praeter_fw-la be_v oblige_v to_o give_v they_o the_o way_n 12._o way_n alex._n ab_fw-la alex._n lib._n 5._o cap._n 12._o and_o if_o in_o their_o walk_n they_o casual_o light_v upon_o a_o malefactor_n lead_v to_o execution_n they_o have_v the_o favour_n to_o deliver_v he_o from_o the_o hand_n of_o justice_n provide_v they_o make_v oath_n that_o their_o meeting_n be_v pure_o accidental_a without_o any_o contract_n or_o design_n num._n design_n plutarch_n in_o num._n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o duumviri_fw-la decemviri_fw-la and_o quindecemviri_fw-la the_o keeper_n of_o the_o sibylline_a write_n and_o of_o the_o corybantes_n or_o priest_n of_o cybele_n the_o epulones_n and_o sodales_fw-la titii_fw-la the_o first_o of_o these_o order_n famous_a only_a on_o account_n of_o the_o relic_n they_o preserve_v owe_v their_o original_a to_o this_o occasion_n a_o strange_a old_a woman_n 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lib._n 7._o cap._n 28._o lib._n 4._o cap._n 21._o the_o number_n of_o priest_n in_o this_o as_o in_o most_o other_o order_n be_v several_a time_n alter_v the_o duumviri_fw-la continue_v till_o about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 388_o when_v the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n prefer_v a_o law_n faciundis_fw-la they_o have_v the_o common_a name_n of_o duumviri_fw-la decenâ—viri_fw-la or_o quindecemviri_fw-la sacris_fw-la faciundis_fw-la that_o there_o shall_v be_v ten_o man_n elelect_v for_o this_o service_n part_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o part_v out_o of_o the_o commons_o we_o meet_v with_o the_o decemviri_fw-la all_o along_o from_o hence_o till_o about_o the_o time_n of_o sylla_n the_o dictator_n when_o the_o quindecemviri_fw-la occur_v which_o addition_n of_o five_o person_n may_v with_o very_o good_a reason_n be_v attribute_v to_o he_o who_o increase_v so_o many_o of_o the_o other_o order_n it_o be_v needless_a to_o give_v any_o far_a account_n of_o the_o sibyl_n than_o 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that_o this_o be_v the_o old_a way_n of_o writing_n solinus_n acquaint_v we_o that_o these_o book_n which_o tarquin_n buy_v be_v burn_v in_o the_o conflagration_n of_o the_o capitol_n the_o year_n before_o sylla_n dictatorship_n 8._o dictatorship_n puyb_n hist_o cap._n 8._o yet_o there_o be_v other_o of_o their_o inspire_v write_v or_o at_o least_o copy_n or_o extract_n of_o they_o gather_v up_o in_o greece_n and_o other_o part_n upon_o a_o special_a search_n make_v by_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n which_o be_v keep_v with_o the_o same_o superstition_n as_o the_o former_a till_o about_o the_o time_n of_o theodosius_n the_o great_a when_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o senate_n have_v embrace_v the_o christian_a faith_n such_o vanity_n begin_v to_o grow_v out_o of_o fashion_n till_o at_o last_o stilicho_n burn_v they_o all_o under_o honorius_n for_o which_o he_o be_v so_o severe_o censure_v by_o the_o noble_a poet_n rutilius_n in_o his_o ingenious_a itinerary_n nec_fw-la tantum_fw-la geticis_fw-la grassatus_fw-la proditor_n armis_fw-la autè_fw-la sibyllinae_fw-la fata_fw-la cremavit_fw-la opis_n odimus_fw-la althaeam_fw-la consumpti_fw-la funere_fw-la torris_n nysaeum_n crimen_fw-la flere_fw-la putantur_fw-la aves_fw-la 4._o aves_fw-la vide_fw-la diony_n antiq._n lib._n 4._o at_o stilicho_n aeterni_fw-la fatalia_fw-la pignora_fw-la libri_fw-la et_fw-la plenas_fw-la voluit_fw-la praecipitare_fw-la colus_fw-la nor_o only_a roman_a arm_n the_o wretch_n betray_v to_o barbarous_a foe_n before_o that_o curse_a deed_n he_o burn_v the_o write_n of_o the_o sacred_a maid_n we_o hate_v althaea_n for_o the_o fatal_a brand_n when_o nysus_n fall_v the_o weep_a bird_n complain_v more_o cruel_a he_o than_o the_o revengeful_a fair_a who_o impious_a hand_n into_o the_o flame_n have_v throw_v the_o heavenly_a pledge_n of_o the_o roman_a crown_n unrav'l_v all_o the_o doom_n that_o careful_a fate_n have_v spin_v among_o all_o the_o religious_a order_n as_o we_o meet_v with_o none_o 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confuse_a noise_n with_o timbrel_n pipe_n and_o cymbal_n howl_v all_o the_o while_n as_o if_o they_o be_v mad_a and_o cut_a themselves_o as_o they_o go_v along_o one_o will_v little_o think_v that_o this_o be_v the_o goddess_n who_o require_v such_o a_o sacred_a silence_n in_o her_o mystery_n as_o virgil_n 3._o virgil_n aeneid_n 3._o will_v persuade_v we_o she_o do_v and_o the_o best_a we_o can_v suppose_v at_o the_o sight_n of_o this_o bawl_a retinue_n be_v that_o they_o be_v go_v to_o settle_v a_o swarm_n of_o bee_n for_o which_o service_n the_o same_o poet_n recommend_v the_o use_n of_o the_o cymbal_n of_o cybele_n 4._o cybele_n georg._n 4._o but_o we_o can_v have_v a_o better_a relation_n of_o the_o original_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o strange_a solemnity_n than_o what_o lucretius_n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o second_o book_n hanc_fw-la variae_fw-la gentes_fw-la antiquo_fw-la more_fw-it sacrorum_fw-la idaeam_fw-la vocitant_fw-la matrem_fw-la phrygiasque_fw-la catervas_fw-la dant_fw-la comites_fw-la quia_fw-la primum_fw-la
out_o of_o the_o nobility_n or_o commons_o the_o knight_n be_v such_o person_n as_o be_v allow_v a_o gold-ring_n and_o a_o horse_n at_o the_o public_a charge_n the_o commons_o be_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n beside_o these_o two_o order_n include_v not_o only_o the_o inferior_a populacy_n but_o such_o of_o the_o nobility_n too_o as_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v elect_a senator_n and_o such_o of_o the_o gentry_n as_o have_v not_o a_o complete_a knight_n estate_n for_o person_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o two_o high_a rank_n according_a to_o their_o fortune_n one_o that_o be_v worth_a eight_o hundred_o sestertia_fw-la be_v capable_a of_o be_v choose_v senator_n one_o that_o have_v four_o hundred_o may_v be_v take_v into_o the_o equestrian_a order_n augustus_n afterward_o alter_v the_o senatorian_a state_n to_o twelve_o thousand_o sesterce_n but_o the_o equestrian_a continue_v the_o same_o when_o we_o find_v in_o livy_n cicero_n and_o other_o author_n the_o optimates_fw-la and_o populares_fw-la oppose_v as_o two_o contrary_a party_n we_o must_v understand_v by_o the_o former_a such_o person_n of_o what_o rank_n soever_o who_o stand_v up_o for_o the_o grandeur_n and_o majesty_n of_o the_o state_n by_o the_o latter_a any_o person_n of_o what_o order_n soever_o who_o be_v continual_o mutine_a against_o the_o government_n complain_v of_o encroachment_n loss_n of_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n and_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v all_o thing_n to_o a_o level_n there_o be_v another_o common_a division_n of_o the_o people_n into_o nobiles_fw-la novi_fw-la and_o ignobiles_fw-la take_v from_o the_o right_n of_o use_v picture_n or_o statue_n a_o honour_n only_o allow_v to_o such_o who_o ancestor_n or_o themselves_o have_v bear_v some_o curule_n office_n that_o be_v have_v be_v curule_n aedile_n censor_n praetor_n or_o consul_n he_o that_o have_v the_o picture_n or_o statue_n of_o his_o ancestor_n be_v term_v nobilis_fw-la he_o that_o have_v only_o his_o own_o novus_n he_o 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the_o reason_n of_o his_o obtain_v that_o favour_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o senate_n the_o chief_a council_n of_o state_n and_z as_o it_o be_v the_o body_n of_o magistrate_n be_v the_o senate_n which_o as_o it_o have_v be_v general_o reckon_v the_o foundation_n and_o support_v of_o the_o roman_a greatness_n so_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o early_a constitution_n in_o the_o republic_n for_o romulus_n first_o choose_v out_o a_o hundred_o person_n of_o the_o best_a repute_n for_o birth_n wisdom_n and_o integrity_n of_o manner_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o the_o management_n of_o affair_n with_o the_o name_n of_o senator_n or_o patres_fw-la from_o their_o age_n and_o gravity_n a_o title_n as_o honourable_a and_o yet_o as_o little_a subject_n to_o envy_n as_o can_v possible_o have_v be_v pitch_v upon_o after_o the_o admission_n of_o the_o sabine_n into_o rome_n a_o equal_a number_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v join_v to_o the_o former_a hundred_o 2._o hundred_o diony_n lib._n 2._o and_o tarqâ—inius_n priscus_n upon_o his_o first_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n to_o ingratiate_v himself_o with_o the_o commons_o order_v another_o hundred_o to_o be_v select_v out_o of_o that_o body_n for_o a_o addition_n to_o the_o senate_n 3._o senate_n idem_fw-la lib._n 3._o which_o before_o have_v be_v ever_o fill_v with_o person_n of_o the_o high_a rank_n sylla_n the_o dictator_n make_v they_o up_o above_o four_o hundred_o julius_n caesar_n nine_o hundred_o and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o second_o triumvirate_n there_o be_v above_o a_o thousand_o no_o distinction_n be_v make_v with_o respect_n to_o merit_n or_o quality_n but_o this_o disorder_n be_v afterward_o rectify_v by_o augustus_n and_o a_o reformation_n make_v in_o the_o senate_n according_a to_o the_o old_a constitution_n 35._o constitution_n sueton._n in_o august_n cap._n 35._o the_o right_a of_o name_v senator_n belong_v at_o first_o to_o the_o king_n afterward_o the_o consul_n choose_v and_o refer_v they_o to_o the_o people_n for_o their_o approbation_n but_o at_o last_o the_o censor_n engross_v the_o whole_a privilege_n of_o confer_v this_o honour_n he_o that_o stand_v first_o in_o the_o censor_n roll_n have_v the_o honourable_a title_n of_o princeps_fw-la senatûs_fw-la 18._o senatûs_fw-la vid._n a._n gâ—ll_o lib._n 3._o cap._n 18._o which_o he_o keep_v during_o life_n yet_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n as_o the_o consul_n dictator_n etc._n etc._n be_v always_o his_o superior_n in_o the_o house_n beside_o the_o estate_n of_o eight_o hundred_o or_o after_o augustus_n of_o twelve_o hundred_o sestertia_fw-la no_o person_n be_v capable_a of_o this_o dignity_n but_o one_o that_o have_v already_o bear_v some_o magistracy_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a age_n even_o in_o late_a time_n require_v be_v plain_a from_o the_o frequent_a use_n of_o aetas_n senatoria_fw-la in_o author_n dio_fw-mi cassius_z positive_o limit_n it_o to_o five_o and_o twenty_o 5â—_n twenty_o lib._n 5â—_n which_o be_v the_o soon_a time_n any_o one_o can_v have_v discharge_v the_o quaestorship_n the_o first_o office_n of_o any_o considerable_a note_n yet_o we_o meet_v with_o very_a many_o person_n promote_v to_o this_o order_n without_o any_o consideration_n have_v to_o their_o year_n as_o it_o usual_o happen_v in_o all_o other_o honour_n whatever_o as_o to_o the_o general_a title_n of_o patres_fw-la conscripti_fw-la give_v they_o in_o author_n it_o be_v take_v up_o as_o a_o mark_n of_o distinction_n proper_a to_o those_o senator_n who_o be_v add_v to_o romulus_n hundred_o either_o by_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n or_o by_o the_o people_n upon_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o in_o aftertime_n all_o the_o number_n be_v promiscuous_o style_v patres_fw-la and_o patres_fw-la conscripti_fw-la we_o may_v take_v a_o far_a view_n of_o the_o senator_n consider_v all_o together_o as_o a_o council_n or_o body_n the_o magistrate_n who_o have_v the_o power_n of_o assemble_v the_o senator_n be_v only_o the_o dictator_n the_o consul_n the_o praetor_n the_o tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o the_o interrex_n yet_o upon_o extraordinary_a account_n the_o same_o privilege_n be_v allow_v to_o the_o tribuni_fw-la militum_fw-la invest_v with_o consulary_a power_n and_o to_o the_o decemviri_fw-la create_v for_o the_o regulate_v the_o law_n and_o to_o other_o magistrate_n choose_v upon_o some_o unusual_a occasion_n in_o the_o first_o time_n of_o the_o state_n they_o be_v call_v together_o by_o a_o public_a crier_n but_o when_o the_o city_n grow_v large_a a_o edict_n be_v publish_v to_o command_v their_o meeting_n rom._n meeting_n p._n manâ—â—_n de_fw-fr senat._n rom._n the_o place_n where_o they_o assemble_v be_v only_o such_o as_o have_v be_v formal_o consecrate_v by_o the_o augur_n and_o most_o common_o within_o the_o city_n only_o they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o temple_n of_o bellona_n without_o the_o wall_n for_o the_o give_a audience_n to_o foreign_a ambassador_n and_o to_o such_o provincial_a magistrate_n as_o be_v
of_o their_o residence_n vrbani_fw-la and_o provinciales_fw-la 2._o provinciales_fw-la lipsius_n the_o magistrate_n cap._n 2._o if_o we_o will_v pitch_v upon_o the_o clear_a and_o the_o most_o compendious_a method_n we_o must_v rank_v they_o according_a to_o the_o last_o distinction_n and_o describe_v in_o order_n the_o most_o remarkable_a of_o the_o civil_a office_n at_o home_n and_o abroad_o but_o it_o will_v be_v expect_v that_o we_o first_o give_v some_o account_n of_o the_o person_n that_o stand_v candidate_n for_o these_o honour_n they_o borrow_a the_o name_n of_o candidati_fw-la from_o the_o toga_fw-la candida_fw-la in_o which_o they_o be_v habit_v at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o appear_v for_o a_o place_n they_o wear_v this_o loose_a gown_n open_a and_o ungirted_a without_o any_o close_a garment_n under_o which_o some_o interpret_v as_o do_v with_o design_n to_o avoid_v any_o suspicion_n the_o people_n may_v have_v of_o bribery_n and_o corruption_n but_o plutarch_n coriâ—lan_n plutarch_n in_o coriâ—lan_n think_v it_o be_v either_o to_o promote_v their_o interest_n the_o better_a by_o sue_v in_o such_o a_o humble_a habit_n or_o else_o that_o such_o as_o have_v receive_v wound_n in_o the_o service_n of_o their_o country_n may_v the_o more_o easy_o demonstrate_v those_o token_n of_o their_o courage_n and_o fidelity_n a_o very_a powerful_a way_n of_o move_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o people_n but_o he_o disallow_v the_o reason_n abovementioned_a because_o this_o custom_n prevail_v in_o rome_n many_o age_n before_o gift_n and_o present_n have_v any_o influence_n on_o the_o public_a suffrage_n a_o mischief_n to_o which_o he_o attribute_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n they_o declare_v their_o pretension_n general_o about_o a_o year_n before_o the_o election_n all_o which_o time_n be_v spend_v in_o gain_v and_o secure_v of_o friend_n for_o this_o purpose_n they_o use_v all_o the_o art_n of_o popularity_n make_v their_o circuit_n round_o the_o city_n very_o often_o whence_o the_o phrase_n ambire_fw-la magistratum_fw-la have_v its_o rise_n in_o their_o walk_n they_o take_v the_o mean_a person_n by_o the_o hand_n and_o not_o only_o use_v the_o more_o familiar_a term_n of_o father_n brother_n friend_n and_o the_o like_a but_o call_v they_o too_o by_o their_o own_o proper_a name_n in_o this_o service_n they_o have_v usual_o a_o nomenclator_n or_o monitor_n to_o assist_v they_o who_o whisper_v every_o body_n name_n in_o their_o ear_n for_o though_o plutarch_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o law_n which_o forbid_v any_o candidate_n to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o prompter_n yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o observe_v that_o cato_n the_o young_a be_v the_o only_a person_n who_o conform_v to_o it_o discharge_v the_o whole_a business_n by_o the_o help_n of_o his_o own_o memory_n â—â—â—câ—s_fw-la memory_n plus_fw-fr in_o cato_fw-la â—â—â—câ—s_fw-la such_o person_n as_o open_o favour_v their_o design_n have_v be_v distinguish_v by_o the_o name_n of_o salutatores_fw-la deductores_fw-la and_o sectatores_fw-la 8._o sectatores_fw-la 〈◊〉_d lib._n 7._o cap._n 8._o the_o first_o sort_n only_o pay_v their_o compliment_n to_o they_o at_o their_o lodging_n in_o the_o morning_n and_o then_o take_v their_o leave_n the_o second_o wait_v upon_o they_o from_o thence_o as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o forum_n the_o last_o compose_v their_o retinue_n through_o the_o whole_a circuit_n pliny_n have_v oblige_v we_o with_o a_o far_a remark_n that_o not_o only_o the_o person_n who_o stand_v for_o a_o office_n but_o sometime_o too_o the_o most_o considerable_a man_n of_o their_o party_n go_v about_o in_o the_o same_o formal_a manner_n to_o beg_v voice_n in_o their_o behalf_n and_o therefore_o when_o he_o will_v let_v we_o know_v his_o great_a diligence_n in_o promote_a the_o interest_n of_o one_o of_o his_o friend_n he_o make_v use_v of_o the_o same_o phrase_n which_o be_v common_o apply_v to_o the_o candidate_n themselves_o as_o ambire_fw-la demos_n prondere_fw-la amicos_fw-la circumire_fw-la stationes_fw-la 9_o stationes_fw-la pliâ—_n 〈…〉_o cap_fw-es 9_o etc._n etc._n the_o proceed_n in_o the_o election_n will_v fall_v more_o proper_o under_o the_o account_n of_o the_o assembly_n where_o they_o be_v manage_v chap._n iu._n of_o the_o consul_n the_o consular_a office_n begin_v upon_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o tarquin_n in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 244._o there_o be_v several_a derivation_n give_v of_o the_o word_n that_o of_o cicero_n à _fw-la consulendo_fw-la 3._o consulendo_fw-la cicero_n de_fw-fr leg_n lib._n 3._o be_v general_o follow_v their_o power_n be_v at_o first_o the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o the_o king_n only_o restrain_v by_o plurality_n of_o person_n and_o shortness_n of_o time_n therefore_o tully_n call_v it_o regiâ—m_fw-la imperium_fw-la ibid._n imperium_fw-la ibid._n and_o regius_fw-la potestas_fw-la consulatú_n potestas_fw-la idem_fw-la de_fw-fr petition_n consulatú_n in_o war_n they_o command_v in_o chief_a over_o citizen_n and_o associate_n nor_o be_v they_o less_o absolute_a in_o peace_n have_v the_o government_n of_o the_o senate_n itself_o which_o they_o assemble_v or_o dismiss_v at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o though_o their_o authority_n be_v very_o much_o impair_v first_o by_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n and_o afterward_o upon_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o empire_n yet_o they_o be_v still_o employ_v in_o consult_v the_o senate_n administer_a justice_n manage_v public_a game_n and_o the_o like_a and_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o characterise_v the_o year_n by_o their_o own_o name_n at_o the_o first_o institution_n this_o honour_n be_v confine_v to_o the_o nobility_n but_o in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 387_o the_o commons_o obtain_v the_o privilege_n of_o have_v one_o of_o their_o own_o body_n always_o a_o associate_n in_o this_o office_n sometime_o indeed_o the_o populacy_n be_v so_o powerful_a as_o to_o have_v both_o consul_n choose_v out_o of_o their_o order_n but_o general_o speak_v one_o be_v a_o nobleman_n and_o the_o other_o a_o commoner_n no_o person_n be_v allow_v to_o sue_v for_o this_o office_n unless_o he_o be_v present_a at_o the_o election_n and_o in_o a_o private_a station_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o civil_a war_n between_o pompey_n and_o caesar_n as_o have_v be_v already_o observe_v the_o common_a age_n require_v in_o the_o candidate_n be_v forty_o two_o year_n this_o cicero_n himself_o acquaint_v we_o with_o if_o we_o allow_v a_o little_a scope_n to_o his_o way_n of_o speak_v when_o he_o say_v that_o alexander_n the_o great_a die_v in_o his_o thirty_o three_o year_n come_v ten_o year_n short_a of_o the_o consular_a age_n 5._o age_n vid._n ciceron_n philip._n 5._o but_o sometime_o the_o people_n dispense_v with_o this_o law_n and_o the_o emperor_n take_v very_o little_a notice_n of_o the_o restraint_n the_o time_n of_o the_o consul_n government_n before_o julius_n caesar_n be_v always_o a_o complete_a year_n but_o he_o bring_v up_o a_o custom_n of_o substitute_a consul_n at_o any_o time_n for_o a_o month_n or_o more_o according_a as_o he_o please_v yet_o the_o consul_n who_o be_v admit_v the_o first_o of_o january_n denominate_v the_o year_n and_o have_v the_o title_n of_o ordinarii_fw-la the_o other_o be_v style_v suffecti_fw-la etc._n suffecti_fw-la vide_fw-la dio._n lib._n 43._o sueton._n in_o julio_n cap._n 76_o etc._n etc._n the_o chief_a ornament_n and_o badge_n of_o their_o authority_n be_v the_o white_a robe_n edge_v with_o purple_a call_v praetexta_fw-la which_o in_o after_o time_n they_o change_v for_o the_o toga_fw-la palmata_fw-la or_o picta_fw-la which_o before_o have_v be_v proper_a only_o to_o such_o person_n as_o have_v be_v honour_v with_o a_o triumph_n and_o the_o twelve_o lictor_n who_o go_v before_o one_o of_o they_o one_o month_n and_o the_o other_o the_o next_o carrying_z the_o fasces_fw-la and_o the_o securis_fw-la the_o latter_a of_o which_o though_o valerius_n poplicola_n take_v away_o from_o the_o fasces_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v soon_o after_o add_v again_o their_o authority_n be_v equal_a only_o in_o some_o lesser_a matter_n he_o have_v the_o precedency_n according_a to_o the_o valerian_n law_n who_o be_v old_a and_o he_o according_a to_o the_o julian_n law_n who_o have_v most_o child_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o dictator_n and_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n the_o office_n of_o dictator_n be_v of_o very_o early_o original_a for_o the_o latin_n enter_v on_o a_o confederacy_n against_o rome_n to_o support_v tarquin_n cause_n after_o his_o expulsion_n the_o senate_n be_v under_o great_a apprehension_n of_o danger_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o difficulty_n they_o find_v in_o procure_v levy_n to_o oppose_v they_o for_o the_o poor_a commons_o who_o have_v be_v force_v to_o run_v themselves_o into_o debt_n with_o the_o patrician_n absolute_o refuse_v to_o list_n themselves_o unless_o a_o order_n of_o senate_n may_v pass_v for_o a_o general_a remission_n now_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n be_v late_o
take_v from_o the_o consul_n by_o the_o valerian_n law_n and_o liberty_n give_v for_o a_o appeal_n from_o they_o to_o the_o people_n they_o can_v not_o compel_v any_o body_n to_o take_v up_o arms._n upon_o this_o account_n they_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o create_v a_o magistrate_n who_o for_o six_o month_n shall_v rule_v with_o absolute_a authority_n even_o above_o the_o law_n themselves_o the_o first_o person_n pitch_v upon_o for_o this_o honour_n be_v titus_n largius_n flavus_n about_o a._n v._o c._n 253_o or_o 255._o 2._o 255._o diony_n antiq._n lib._n 5._o livy_n lib_n 2._o this_o supreme_a officer_n be_v call_v dictator_n either_o because_o he_o be_v dictus_fw-la name_v of_o the_o consul_n or_o else_o from_o dictate_v and_o command_v what_o shall_v be_v do_v ibid._n do_v ibid._n though_o we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o dictator_n upon_o a_o small_a account_n as_o the_o hold_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o the_o election_n of_o consul_n the_o celebration_n of_o public_a game_n and_o the_o like_a yet_o the_o true_a and_o proper_a dictator_n be_v he_o who_o have_v be_v invest_v with_o this_o honour_n upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o dangerous_a war_n sedition_n or_o any_o such_o emergency_n as_o require_v a_o sudden_a and_o absolute_a command_n 17._o command_n lip_n de_fw-fr magistrate_n cap._n 17._o and_o therefore_o he_o be_v not_o choose_v with_o the_o usual_a formality_n but_o only_o name_v in_o the_o night_n viuâ_fw-la voce_fw-la by_o the_o consul_n 4._o consul_n livy_n lib._n 4._o and_o confirm_v by_o the_o divination_n from_o bird_n 3._o bird_n cicero_n de_fw-fr leg._n lib._n 3._o the_o time_n assign_v for_o the_o disration_n of_o the_o office_n be_v never_o lengthen_v except_o out_o of_o mere_a necessity_n and_o as_o for_o the_o perpetual_a dictatorship_n of_o sylia_n and_o julius_n caesar_n they_o be_v confess_v to_o have_v be_v notorious_a violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o their_o country_n there_o be_v two_o other_o confinement_n which_o the_o dictator_n be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v first_o he_o be_v never_o to_o stir_v out_o of_o italy_n for_o fear_n he_o shall_v take_v advantage_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n to_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o common_a liberty_n 36._o liberty_n diu._n hist_o lib._n 36._o beside_o this_o he_o be_v always_o to_o march_v on_o foot_n only_o upon_o account_n of_o a_o tedious_a or_o sudden_a expedition_n he_o formal_o ask_v leave_v of_o the_o people_n to_o ride_v max._n ride_v plutarch_n in_o fab._n max._n but_o set_v aside_o these_o restraint_n his_o power_n be_v most_o absolute_a he_o may_v proclaim_v war_n levy_v force_n lead_v they_o out_o or_o disband_v they_o without_o any_o cousultation_n have_v with_o the_o senate_n he_o can_v punish_v as_o he_o please_v and_o from_o his_o judgement_n lie_v no_o appeal_n 8._o appeal_n dienys_n antiq._n lib._n 8._o at_o least_o not_o till_o in_o late_a time_n to_o make_v the_o authority_n of_o his_o charge_n more_o awful_a he_o have_v always_o twenty_o four_o bundle_n of_o rod_n and_o as_o many_o axe_n carry_v before_o he_o in_o public_a if_o we_o will_v believe_v plutarch_n max._n plutarch_n in_o fab._n max._n and_o polybius_n 3._o polybius_n hist_o lib_n 3._o though_o livy_n attribute_n the_o first_o rise_v of_o this_o custom_n to_o sylla_n 89._o sylla_n epitome_n lib._n 89._o nor_o be_v he_o only_o invest_v with_o the_o joint_a authority_n of_o both_o the_o consul_n whence_o the_o grecian_n call_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o double_a consul_n but_o during_o his_o administration_n all_o other_o magistrate_n cease_v except_o the_o tribune_n and_o leave_v the_o whole_a government_n entrust_v in_o his_o hand_n max._n hand_n pint._n in_o fab._n max._n this_o office_n have_v the_o repute_n to_o be_v the_o only_o safeguard_v of_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o time_n of_o danger_n four_o hundred_o year_n together_o till_o sylla_n and_o caesar_n have_v convert_v it_o into_o a_o tyranny_n and_o render_v the_o very_a name_n odious_a upon_o the_o murder_n of_o the_o last_o a_o decree_n pass_v in_o senate_n to_o forbid_v the_o use_n of_o it_o upon_o any_o account_n whatever_o for_o the_o future_a 3._o future_a dio_fw-mi lib._n 44._o appian_n lib._n 3._o the_o first_o thing_n the_o dictator_n do_v be_v to_o choose_v a_o magister_fw-la eguitum_fw-la or_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n who_o be_v to_o be_v his_o lieutenant-general_n in_o the_o army_n but_o can_v act_v nothing_o without_o his_o express_a order_n yet_o in_o the_o war_n with_o hannibal_n when_o the_o slow_a proceed_n of_o fabius_n maximus_n create_v a_o suspicion_n in_o the_o commons_o they_o vote_v that_o minutius_n his_o master_n of_o the_o house_n shall_v have_v a_o equal_a authority_n with_o fabius_n himself_o and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v another_o dictator_n 3._o dictator_n plutarch_n in_o fab._n max._n polybius_n lib._n 3._o the_o like_a be_v afterward_o practise_v in_o the_o same_o war_n upon_o the_o defeat_n at_o cannae_n when_o the_o dictator_n m._n junius_n be_v with_o the_o army_n fabius_n buteo_n be_v choose_v a_o second_o dictator_n at_o rome_n to_o create_v new_a senator_n for_o the_o supply_n of_o their_o place_n who_o have_v be_v kill_v in_o the_o battle_n though_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o the_o ceremony_n be_v over_o he_o immediate_o lay_v down_o his_o command_n and_o act_v as_o a_o private_a person_n ibid._n person_n plutarch_n ibid._n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o praetor_n the_o original_a of_o this_o office_n institute_v in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 389._o be_v owe_v to_o two_o occasion_n partly_o because_o the_o consul_n be_v very_o often_o whole_o take_v up_o with_o foreign_a war_n find_v the_o want_n of_o some_o person_n to_o administer_v justice_n in_o the_o city_n and_o partly_o because_o the_o nobility_n have_v lose_v their_o appropriation_n of_o the_o consulship_n be_v ambitious_a of_o procure_v to_o themselves_o some_o new_a honour_n in_o its_o room_n princip_n room_n vide_fw-la liv._o lib._n 7._o circa_fw-la princip_n at_o the_o first_o only_a one_o be_v create_v take_v his_o name_n à _fw-la praeeundo_fw-la and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n most_o of_o the_o old_a latin_n call_v their_o commander_n praetores_fw-la and_o the_o consul_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v use_v that_o title_n at_o their_o first_o institution_n a._n v._o c._n 501_o another_o praetor_n be_v add_v and_o then_o one_o of_o they_o apply_v himself_o whole_o to_o the_o preserve_n of_o justice_n among_o the_o citizen_n with_o the_o name_n of_o praetor_n vrbanus_n while_o the_o other_o appoint_v judge_n in_o all_o matter_n relate_v to_o foreigner_n but_o upon_o the_o take_n in_o of_o sicily_n and_o sardinia_n a._n v._o c._n 520._o two_o more_o praetor_n be_v create_v to_o assist_v the_o consul_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o province_n and_o as_o many_o more_o upon_o the_o entire_a conquest_n of_o spain_n a._n v._o c._n 551._o sylla_n increase_v the_o number_n to_o eight_o julius_n caesar_n first_o to_o ten_o and_o then_o to_o sixteen_o the_o second_o triumvir_n after_o a_o extravagant_a manner_n to_o sixty_o four_o after_o this_o sometime_o we_o meet_v with_o twelve_o praetor_n sometime_o sixteen_o or_o eighteen_o but_o in_o the_o declension_n of_o the_o empire_n they_o fall_v as_o low_o again_o as_o three_o when_o the_o number_n of_o the_o praetor_n be_v thus_o increase_v and_o the_o quaestiones_fw-la or_o inquiry_n into_o crime_n make_v perpetual_a and_o not_o commit_v to_o officer_n choose_v upon_o such_o occasion_n the_o praetor_n vrbanus_n and_o as_o lipsius_n think_v the_o praetor_n peregrinus_n undertake_v the_o cognizance_n of_o private_a cause_n and_o the_o other_o praetor_n of_o crime_n the_o latter_a therefore_o be_v sometime_o call_v quaesitores_fw-la quia_fw-la quaerebant_fw-la de_fw-la crimine_fw-la the_o first_o bare_o jus_o dicebat_fw-la here_o we_o must_v observe_v the_o difference_n between_o jus_o dicere_fw-la and_o judicare_fw-la the_o former_a relate_v to_o the_o praetor_n and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o allow_v a_o action_n and_o grant_v judge_n for_o determine_v the_o controversy_n the_o other_o be_v the_o proper_a office_n of_o the_o judices_fw-la allow_v by_o the_o praetor_n and_o denote_v the_o actual_a hear_n and_o decide_v of_o a_o cause_n 826._o cause_n p._n manut._n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la p._n 826._o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o censor_n the_o census_n or_o survey_v of_o the_o roman_a citizen_n and_o their_o estate_n from_o censco_n to_o rate_v or_o value_n be_v introduce_v by_o servius_n tullius_n the_o six_o king_n but_o without_o the_o assignment_n of_o any_o particular_a officer_n to_o manage_v it_o and_o therefore_o he_o take_v the_o trouble_n upon_o himself_o and_o make_v it_o a_o part_n of_o the_o regal_a duty_n upon_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o tarquin_n the_o business_n fall_v to_o the_o consul_n and_o continue_v in_o their_o care_n till_o their_o dominion_n grow_v so_o large_a as_o to_o
diligence_n procure_v any_o levy_n to_o be_v make_v because_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o oppose_v all_o their_o order_n and_o will_v let_v no_o soldier_n be_v list_v till_o their_o petition_n have_v be_v canvas_v in_o the_o senate_n in_o this_o exigency_n the_o father_n be_v call_v together_o and_o after_o the_o business_n have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n debate_v with_o great_a heat_n and_o tumult_n at_o last_o pitch_v upon_o this_o expedient_a that_o three_o magistrate_n shall_v be_v elect_v out_o of_o each_o order_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o whole_a consular_a power_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n to_o have_v that_o office_n or_o consul_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n both_o party_n ready_o embrace_v this_o proposal_n and_o according_o proceed_v to_o a_o election_n where_o though_o the_o whole_a design_n of_o this_o stir_v have_v be_v pure_o to_o increase_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o commons_o yet_o when_o the_o matter_n come_v to_o be_v put_v to_o the_o vote_n they_o choose_v none_o of_o that_o order_n to_o the_o new_a magistracy_n but_o confer_v the_o honour_n on_o three_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a patrician_n with_o the_o title_n of_o tribuni_fw-la militum_fw-la consulari_fw-la potestate_fw-la about_o a._n v._o c._n 310._o the_o first_o tribune_n have_v hold_v their_o dignity_n no_o long_o than_o seventy_o day_n be_v oblige_v to_o quit_v it_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o augur_n have_v discover_v some_o flaw_n in_o their_o election_n and_o so_o the_o government_n return_v to_o its_o former_a course_n the_o supreme_a command_n rest_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o consul_n 11._o consul_n liv._o lib._n 4._o diony_n lib._n 11._o afterward_o they_o be_v some_o year_n choose_v and_o some_o year_n pass_v by_o having_z rise_v from_o three_o to_o six_o and_o afterward_o to_o eight_o and_o the_o plebeian_n be_v admit_v to_o a_o share_n in_o the_o honour_n till_o about_o a._n v._o c._n 388._o they_o be_v entire_o lay_v aside_o chap._n xiii_o civil_a office_n of_o less_o note_n or_o of_o less_o frequent_a occurrence_n in_o author_n and_o of_o the_o public_a servant_n there_o be_v several_a officer_n behind_o who_o deserve_v little_o more_o than_o to_o be_v name_v either_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o low_a station_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o because_o they_o be_v very_o seldom_o mention_v in_o our_o ordinary_a classicks_n among_o these_o we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o those_o that_o follow_v interrex_n the_o supreme_a magistrate_n who_o govern_v between_o the_o death_n of_o one_o king_n and_o the_o election_n of_o another_o this_o office_n be_v take_v by_o turn_n by_o the_o senator_n continue_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o every_o man_n five_o day_n 1._o day_n dionys._n lib._n 2._o livy_n lib._n 1._o or_o if_o we_o believe_v plutarch_n numb_a plutarch_n in_o numb_a only_o twelve_o hour_n at_o a_o time_n we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o a_o interrex_n under_o the_o consular_a government_n create_v to_o hold_v assembly_n when_o the_o ordinary_a magistrate_n be_v either_o absent_a or_o disable_v to_o act_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o undue_a election_n tribunus_n or_o praefectus_fw-la celerum_fw-la the_o captain_n of_o romulus_n lifeguard_n which_o consist_v of_o three_o hundred_o of_o the_o stout_a young_a man_n and_o of_o the_o best_a family_n in_o the_o city_n under_o the_o name_n of_o celeres_fw-la or_o light-horse_n praefectus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la a_o sort_n of_o mayor_n of_o the_o city_n create_v by_o augustus_n at_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o favourite_n maecenas_n upon_o who_o at_o first_o he_o confer_v the_o new_a honour_n 3._o honour_n dio._n lib._n 52._o tâ—â—uus_n annal._n lib._n 4_o 3._o he_o be_v to_o precede_v all_o other_o city-magistrate_n have_v power_n to_o receive_v appeal_n from_o the_o inferior_a court_n and_o to_o decide_v almost_o all_o cause_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o rome_n or_o a_o hundred_o mile_n round_o before_o this_o there_o be_v sometime_o a_o praefectus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la create_v when_o the_o king_n or_o great_a officer_n be_v absent_a from_o the_o city_n to_o administer_v justice_n in_o their_o room_n ibid._n room_n ibid._n praefectus_fw-la aerarii_fw-la a_o officer_n choose_v out_o of_o such_o person_n as_o have_v discharge_v the_o office_n of_o praetor_n by_o augustus_n to_o supervise_v and_o regulate_v the_o public_a fund_z which_o he_o raise_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o army_n 53._o army_n dio._n lib_n 53._o this_o project_n be_v revive_v by_o several_a of_o his_o successor_n praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la create_v by_o the_o same_o emperor_n to_o command_v the_o praetorian_a cohort_n or_o his_o lifeguard_n who_o borrow_a their_o name_n from_o the_o praetorium_n or_o general_n be_v tent_n all_o commander_n in_o chief_a be_v ancient_o style_v praetores_fw-la his_o office_n answer_v exact_o to_o that_o of_o the_o magister_fw-la equitum_fw-la under_o the_o old_a dictator_n only_o his_o authority_n be_v of_o great_a extent_n be_v general_o the_o high_a person_n in_o favour_n with_o the_o army_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o soldier_n once_o come_v to_o make_v their_o own_o emperor_n the_o common_a man_n they_o pitch_v upon_o be_v the_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la praefectus_fw-la frumenti_fw-la and_o praefectus_fw-la vigilum_fw-la both_o owe_v their_o institution_n to_o the_o same_o augustus_n the_o first_o be_v to_o inspect_v and_o regulate_v the_o distribution_n of_o corn_n which_o use_v to_o be_v often_o make_v among_o the_o common_a people_n the_o other_o command_v in_o chief_a all_o the_o soldier_n appoint_v for_o a_o constant_a watch_n to_o the_o city_n be_v a_o cohort_n to_o every_o two_o region_n his_o business_n be_v to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o thief_n incendiary_n idle_a vagrant_n and_o the_o like_a and_o have_v the_o power_n to_o punish_v all_o petty_a misdemeanour_n which_o be_v think_v too_o trivial_a to_o come_v under_o the_o care_n of_o the_o praefectus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la in_o many_o of_o these_o inferior_a magistracy_n several_a person_n be_v join_v in_o commission_n together_o and_o then_o they_o take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o number_n of_o man_n that_o compose_v they_o of_o this_o sort_n we_o meet_v with_o the_o triumvir_n or_o tresviri_fw-la capitales_fw-la the_o keeper_n of_o the_o public_a gaol_n they_o have_v the_o power_n to_o punish_v malefactor_n like_o our_o master_n of_o the_o house_n of_o correction_n for_o which_o service_n they_o keep_v eight_o lictor_n under_o they_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o plautus_n quid_fw-la faciam_fw-la nunc_fw-la si_fw-la tresviri_fw-la i_o in_o carcerem_fw-la compegerint_fw-la ind_n cras_fw-la è_fw-la promptuariâ_fw-la cellâ_fw-la depromar_fw-la ad_fw-la flagrum_fw-la ita_fw-la quasi_fw-la incudem_fw-la i_o miserum_fw-la octo_fw-la homines_fw-la validi_fw-la caedent_fw-la amphytr_n caedent_fw-la in_o amphytr_n triumvir_n nocturni_fw-la mention_v by_o livy_n 9_o livy_n lib._n 9_o and_o tacitus_n 5._o tacitus_n annal._n lib._n 5._o institute_v for_o the_o prevention_n of_o fire_n in_o the_o night_n triumvir_n monetales_fw-la the_o master_n of_o the_o mint_n sometime_o their_o name_n be_v write_v triumvir_n a._n a._n ae._n f._n f._n stand_v for_o auro_fw-la argento_n aere_fw-la flando_fw-la feriendo_fw-la quatuorviri_fw-la viarum_fw-la curandarum_fw-la person_n depute_v by_o the_o censor_n to_o supervise_v the_o public_a way_n centum_fw-la viri_fw-la and_o decemviri_fw-la litibus_fw-la judicandis_fw-la the_o first_o be_v a_o body_n of_o man_n choose_v three_o out_o of_o every_o tribe_n for_o the_o judge_n of_o such_o matter_n as_o the_o praetor_n commit_v to_o their_o decision_n which_o be_v reckon_v up_o by_o cicero_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr oratore_fw-la the_o decemviri_fw-la seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o principal_a member_n of_o the_o centumvirate_n and_o to_o have_v preside_v under_o the_o praetor_n in_o the_o judicia_fw-la centumviralia_fw-la these_o be_v some_o of_o the_o first_o step_v to_o preferment_n for_o person_n of_o part_n and_o industry_n as_o be_v also_o the_o vigintiviratus_n mention_v by_o cicero_n tacitus_n and_o dio_n which_o perhaps_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o select_a part_n of_o the_o centumviri_n there_o be_v other_o officer_n of_o as_o little_a note_n behind_o who_o have_v no_o fix_a authority_n but_o be_v constitute_v upon_o some_o particular_a occasion_n such_o as_o the_o duumviri_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la sive_fw-la capitales_fw-la officer_n create_v for_o the_o judge_n of_o traitor_n they_o be_v first_o introduce_v by_o tullus_n hostilius_n continue_v as_o often_o as_o necessity_n require_v under_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n and_o sometime_o under_o the_o consular_a government_n at_o its_o first_o institution_n but_o after_o they_o have_v be_v lay_v down_o many_o year_n as_o unnecessary_a cicero_n in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n complain_v of_o their_o revival_n by_o labienus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o reo_fw-la commons_o cicero_n orat._n pro_fw-la c._n raâ—â—rio_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la reo_fw-la quaestores_fw-la or_o
and_o defend_v augustus_n when_o at_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n he_o assume_v the_o sole_a government_n of_o the_o empire_n among_o other_o constitution_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n divide_v the_o province_n into_o two_o part_n one_o of_o which_o he_o give_v whole_o over_o to_o the_o people_n and_o reserve_v the_o other_o for_o himself_o after_o which_o time_n only_o the_o governor_n send_v into_o the_o first_o division_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o proconsul_n though_o they_o be_v deny_v the_o whole_a military_a power_n and_o so_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o old_a proconsul_n to_o these_o four_o sort_n of_o proconsul_n we_o may_v add_v two_o more_o from_o alexander_n of_o naples_n first_o such_o as_o the_o senate_n create_v proconsul_n without_o a_o province_n pure_o for_o the_o command_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o care_n of_o the_o military_a discipline_n and_o second_o such_o design_v consul_n as_o enter_v on_o their_o proconsular_a office_n before_o they_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o consulship_n chap._n xv._o of_o the_o provincial_a praetor_n and_o propraetor_n of_o the_o legati_fw-la quaestor_n and_o proquaestor_n in_o the_o first_o time_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o province_n be_v govern_v by_o praetor_n and_o as_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o state_n be_v enlarge_v the_o number_n of_o those_o magistrate_n be_v according_o increase_v yet_o even_o in_o those_o time_n if_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o command_n of_o the_o province_n beyond_o the_o time_n prefix_v for_o the_o continuance_n of_o their_o praetorship_n they_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o name_n of_o propraetor_n though_o they_o still_o keep_v the_o same_o authority_n as_o before_o about_o a._n v._o c._n 604._o the_o design_v praetor_n begin_v to_o divide_v the_o praetorian_a or_o lesser_a province_n by_o lot_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o consul_n do_v the_o consular_a and_o when_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n they_o repair_v to_o their_o respective_a government_n assume_v the_o title_n of_o propraetor_n as_o their_o creation_n be_v the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o the_o proconsul_n so_o their_o entrance_n upon_o their_o office_n and_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o administration_n be_v exact_o answerable_a to_o they_o only_o that_o they_o be_v allow_v but_o six_o lictor_n with_o a_o equal_a number_n of_o fasces_fw-la whereas_o the_o proconsul_n have_v twelve_o of_o each_o now_o though_o before_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n the_o propraetor_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o preside_v over_o the_o province_n of_o lesser_a note_n and_o importance_n be_v always_o reckon_v inferior_a to_o the_o proconsul_n yet_o upon_o his_o division_n of_o the_o province_n the_o governor_n of_o those_o which_o fall_v to_o his_o share_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o propraetor_n get_v the_o preference_n of_o the_o proconsul_n in_o respect_n of_o power_n and_o authority_n be_v invest_v with_o the_o military_a command_n and_o continue_v in_o their_o office_n as_o long_o as_o the_o emperor_n please_v the_o chief_a assistant_n of_o the_o proconsul_n and_o the_o propraetor_n be_v the_o legati_fw-la and_o the_o provincial_a quaestor_n the_o former_a be_v different_a in_o number_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o governor_n who_o they_o accompany_v serve_v for_o the_o judge_n of_o inferior_a cause_n and_o the_o management_n of_o all_o small_a concern_v remit_v every_o thing_n of_o moment_n to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o governor_n or_o precedent_n beside_o the_o legati_fw-la there_o go_v with_o every_o proconsul_n or_o propraetor_n one_o or_o more_o quaestor_n who_o whole_a business_n be_v concern_v in_o manage_v the_o public_a account_n take_v care_n of_o the_o supply_n of_o money_n corn_n and_o other_o necessary_n and_o convenience_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n we_o seldom_o meet_v with_o proquaestor_n in_o author_n they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o quaestor_n in_o the_o province_n without_o the_o deputation_n of_o the_o senate_n which_o be_v requisite_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o proper_a quaestor_n this_o happen_v either_o when_o a_o quaestor_n die_v in_o his_o office_n or_o go_v to_o rome_n without_o be_v succeed_v by_o another_o quaestor_n for_o in_o both_o these_o case_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n appoint_v another_o in_o his_o room_n to_o discharge_v the_o same_o duty_n under_o the_o name_n of_o proquaestor_fw-la of_o the_o like_a nature_n with_o these_o quaestor_n be_v the_o procuratores_fw-la caesaris_fw-la often_o mention_v by_o tacitus_n and_o suetonius_n officer_n send_v by_o the_o emperor_n into_o every_o province_n to_o receive_v and_o regulate_v the_o public_a revenue_n and_o to_o dispose_v of_o it_o at_o the_o emperor_n command_n such_o a_o magistrate_n be_v pontius_n pilate_n in_o judaea_n and_o though_o the_o judge_n of_o extreme_a cause_n do_v not_o proper_o belong_v to_o his_o office_n yet_o because_o the_o jew_n be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o rebellious_a nation_n and_o apt_a to_o revolt_v upon_o the_o least_o occasion_n and_o because_o the_o precedent_n of_o syria_n be_v force_v to_o attend_v on_o other_o part_n of_o his_o province_n therefore_o for_o the_o better_a keep_v the_o jew_n in_o order_n the_o procurator_n of_o judaea_n be_v invest_v with_o all_o the_o authority_n proper_a to_o the_o proconsul_n even_o with_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n as_o the_o learned_a bishop_n pearson_n observe_v 4._o observe_v bishop_n pearson_n on_o the_o creed_n art_n 4._o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o comitia_fw-la the_o comitia_fw-la according_a to_o sigonius_n definition_n be_v general_a assembly_n of_o the_o people_n lawful_o call_v by_o some_o magistrate_n for_o the_o enjoyment_n or_o prohibition_n of_o any_o thing_n by_o their_o vote_n 17._o vote_n sigon_n de_fw-fr antiq_fw-la jure_fw-la civ_o romanorum_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 17._o the_o proper_a comitia_fw-la be_v of_o three_o sort_n curiata_fw-la genturiata_n and_o tributa_fw-la with_o reference_n to_o the_o three_o grand_a division_n of_o the_o city_n and_o people_n into_o curiae_fw-la century_n and_o tribe_n for_o by_o comitia_fw-la calata_n which_o we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o in_o author_n in_o elder_a time_n be_v mean_v all_o the_o comitia_fw-la in_o general_n the_o word_n calata_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o calo_n be_v their_o common_a epithet_n though_o it_o be_v at_o last_o restrain_v to_o two_o sort_n of_o assembly_n those_o for_o the_o creation_n of_o priest_n and_o those_o for_o the_o inspection_n and_o regulation_n of_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n 27._o testament_n a._n gell._n lib._n 15._o cap._n 27._o the_o comitia_fw-la curiata_fw-la owe_v their_o original_a to_o the_o division_n which_o romulus_n make_v of_o the_o people_n into_o thirty_o curiae_fw-la ten_o be_v contain_v under_o every_o tribe_n they_o answer_v in_o most_o respect_n to_o the_o parish_n in_o our_o city_n be_v not_o only_o separate_v by_o proper_a bound_n and_o limit_n but_o distinguish_v too_o by_o their_o different_a place_n set_v apart_o for_o the_o celebration_n of_o divine_a service_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o particular_a priest_n one_o to_o every_o curia_n with_o the_o name_n of_o curiones_n before_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o comitia_fw-la centuriata_fw-la all_o the_o grand_a concern_v of_o the_o state_n be_v transact_v in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o curia_n as_o the_o election_n of_o king_n and_o other_o chief_a officer_n the_o make_n and_o abrogate_a of_o law_n and_o the_o adjudge_v of_o capital_a cause_n after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o king_n when_o the_o commons_o have_v obtain_v the_o privilege_n to_o have_v tribune_n and_o aedile_n they_o elect_v they_o for_o some_o time_n at_o these_o assembly_n but_o that_o ceremony_n be_v at_o length_n transfer_v to_o the_o comitia_fw-la tributa_fw-la the_o curiae_fw-la be_v never_o convene_v to_o give_v their_o vote_n except_o now_o and_o then_o upon_o account_n of_o make_v some_o particular_a law_n relate_v to_o adoption_n will_n and_o testament_n or_o the_o creation_n of_o officer_n for_o a_o expedition_n or_o for_o the_o elect_v of_o some_o of_o the_o priest_n as_o the_o flamen_v and_o the_o curio_n maximus_fw-la or_o superintendant_n of_o the_o curiones_n who_o themselves_o be_v choose_v by_o every_o particular_a curia_n the_o power_n of_o call_v these_o assembly_n belong_v at_o first_o only_o to_o the_o king_n but_o upon_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o democracy_n the_o same_o privilege_n be_v allow_v to_o most_o of_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n and_o sometime_o to_o the_o pontifices_fw-la the_o person_n who_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o vote_v here_o be_v such_o roman_a citizen_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o curiae_fw-la or_o such_o as_o actual_o live_v in_o the_o city_n and_o conform_v to_o the_o custom_n and_o rite_n of_o their_o proper_a curia_n all_o those_o be_v exclude_v who_o dwell_v without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o city_n retain_v the_o ceremony_n of_o their_o
sort_n as_o manicae_fw-la pedicae_n nervi_fw-la boiae_fw-la and_o the_o like_a the_o public_a prison_n in_o rome_n be_v build_v by_o ancus_n martius_n hard_a by_o the_o forum_n 1._o forum_n livy_n lib._n 1._o to_o which_o a_o new_a part_n be_v add_v by_o servius_n tullius_n call_v thence_o tullianum_fw-la sallust_n describe_v the_o tullianum_fw-la as_o a_o apartment_n underground_o catilinar_a underground_o in_o bello_fw-la catilinar_a into_o which_o they_o put_v the_o most_o notorious_a criminal_n the_o high_a part_n raise_v by_o ancus_n martius_n have_v common_o the_o name_n of_o the_o râ—bur_n from_o the_o oaken_a plank_n which_o compose_v it_o for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o prison_n beside_o the_o triumvir_n be_v appoint_v a_o sort_n of_o gaoler_n who_o valerius_n maximus_n call_v custos_fw-la caceris_fw-la 5._o caceris_fw-la lib._n 5._o and_o pliny_n commentariensis_fw-la 38._o commentariensis_fw-la lib._n 7._o cap._n 38._o verbera_fw-la or_o stripe_n be_v inflict_v either_o with_o rod_n virgae_fw-la or_o with_o battoon_n fustes_n the_o first_o common_o precede_v capital_a punishment_n proper_o so_o call_v the_o other_o be_v most_o in_o use_n in_o the_o camp_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o military_a discipline_n talio_n be_v a_o punishment_n by_o which_o the_o guilty_a person_n suffer_v exact_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o he_o have_v offend_v as_o in_o case_n of_o maim_v and_o the_o like_a yet_o agellius_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o criminal_a be_v allow_v the_o liberty_n of_o compound_v with_o the_o person_n he_o have_v injure_v so_o that_o he_o need_v not_o suffer_v the_o talio_n unless_o he_o voluntary_o choose_v it_o 1._o it_o vide_fw-la agell_a lib._n 11._o cap._n 1._o ignominia_fw-la be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o public_a shame_n which_o the_o offend_a person_n undergo_v either_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o praetor_n edict_n or_o more_o common_o by_o order_n of_o the_o censor_n this_o punishment_n beside_o the_o scandal_n take_v away_o from_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v inflict_v the_o privilege_n of_o bear_v any_o office_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o liberty_n of_o a_o roman_a citizen_n exilium_fw-la be_v not_o a_o punishment_n immediate_o but_o by_o consequence_n for_o the_o phrase_n use_v in_o the_o sentence_n and_o law_n be_v aquae_n &_o ignis_fw-la interdictio_fw-la the_o forbid_v the_o use_n of_o water_n and_o fire_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o life_n the_o condemn_a person_n be_v oblige_v to_o leave_v his_o country_n yet_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o late_a emperor_n we_o find_v it_o to_o have_v be_v a_o positive_a punishment_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n relegatio_fw-la may_v be_v reckon_v under_o this_o head_n though_o it_o be_v something_o different_a from_o the_o former_a this_o be_v the_o send_v a_o criminal_a to_o such_o a_o place_n or_o for_o such_o a_o time_n or_o perhaps_o for_o ever_o by_o which_o the_o party_n be_v not_o deprive_v of_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o citizen_n of_o rome_n as_o he_o be_v in_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o banishment_n which_o they_o proper_o call_v exilium_fw-la suetonius_n speak_v of_o a_o new_a sort_n of_o relegatio_fw-la invent_v by_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n by_o which_o he_o order_v suspect_v person_n not_o to_o stir_v three_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n 23._o city_n suet._n in_o claud._n cap._n 23._o beside_o this_o relegatio_fw-la they_o have_v two_o other_o kind_n of_o banishment_n which_o they_o term_v deportatio_fw-la and_o proscriptio_fw-la though_o nothing_o be_v more_o common_a than_o to_o have_v they_o confound_v in_o most_o author_n deportatio_fw-la or_o transportation_n differ_v in_o these_o respect_n from_o relegatio_fw-la that_o whereas_o the_o relegati_fw-la be_v condemn_v either_o to_o change_v their_o country_n for_o a_o set_a time_n or_o for_o for_o ever_o and_o lose_v neither_o their_o estate_n and_o good_n nor_o the_o privilege_n of_o citizen_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o deportati_fw-la be_v banish_v always_o for_o ever_o and_o lose_v both_o their_o estate_n and_o privilege_n be_v count_v dead_a in_o the_o law_n relegaâ—_n law_n calâ—â—n_n 〈◊〉_d juridic_n in_o voc_fw-la depâ—rtati_fw-la &_o relegaâ—_n as_o for_o the_o proscripti_fw-la they_o be_v define_v by_o the_o lawyer_n to_o be_v such_o person_n who_o name_n be_v fix_v up_o in_o tablet_n at_o the_o forum_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o justice_n a_o reward_n be_v propose_v to_o those_o that_o take_v they_o and_o a_o punishment_n to_o those_o that_o conceal_v they_o proscripti_fw-la they_o ibid_fw-la in_o voce_fw-la proscripti_fw-la sylla_n be_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o this_o practice_n and_o give_v himself_o the_o great_a example_n of_o it_o that_o we_o meet_v with_o proscribe_v 2000_o knight_n and_o senator_n at_o once_o â—1_n once_o flâ—ruâ—_n lib._n 3._o â—ap_n â—1_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o positive_a banishment_n but_o a_o force_a person_n to_o make_v use_n of_o that_o security_n so_o that_o we_o may_v fancy_n it_o of_o like_a nature_n with_o our_o outlawry_n servitus_fw-la be_v a_o punishment_n by_o which_o the_o criminal_n person_n as_o well_o as_o good_n be_v public_o expose_v to_o sale_n by_o auction_n this_o rare_o happen_v to_o the_o citizen_n but_o be_v a_o usual_a way_n of_o treat_v captive_n take_v in_o war_n and_o therefore_o will_v be_v describe_v hereafter_o under_o the_o head_n of_o capital_a punishment_n the_o roman_n reckon_v extreme_a bunishment_n because_o those_o who_o undergo_v that_o sentence_n be_v in_o a_o civil_a sense_n dead_a mors._n mors._n but_o because_o this_o punishment_n have_v be_v already_o describe_v we_o be_v only_o now_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o such_o as_o reach_v the_o offender_n life_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o be_v percussio_fw-la securi_fw-la strangulatio_fw-la praecipitatio_fw-la de_fw-la robore_fw-la dejectio_fw-la è_fw-la rupe_n tarpeià _fw-la in_fw-la crucem_fw-la actio_fw-la and_o projectio_fw-la in_o profluentem_fw-la the_o first_o be_v the_o same_o as_o behead_v with_o we_o the_o second_o be_v perform_v in_o the_o prison_n as_o it_o be_v now_o in_o turkey_n the_o three_o and_o four_o be_v a_o throw_v the_o criminal_a headlong_o either_o from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o prison_n call_v robur_n or_o from_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o tarpeian_a mountain_n the_o five_o punishment_n namely_o crucifixion_n be_v seldom_o inflict_v on_o any_o but_o slave_n or_o the_o mean_a of_o the_o commons_o yet_o we_o find_v some_o example_n of_o a_o different_a practice_n and_o suetonius_n particular_o relate_v of_o the_o emperor_n galba_n that_o have_v condemn_v a_o roman_a citizen_n to_o suffer_v this_o punishment_n for_o poison_v his_o ward_n the_o gentleman_n as_o he_o be_v carry_v to_o execution_n make_v a_o grievous_a complaint_n that_o a_o citizen_n of_o rome_n shall_v undergo_v such_o a_o servile_a death_n allege_v the_o law_n to_o the_o contrary_a the_o emperor_n hear_v his_o plea_n promise_v to_o alleviate_v the_o shame_n of_o his_o sentence_n and_o order_v a_o cross_n much_o large_a and_o more_o neat_a than_o ordinary_a to_o be_v erect_v and_o to_o be_v wash_v over_o with_o white_a paint_n that_o the_o gentleman_n who_o stand_v so_o much_o on_o his_o quality_n may_v have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v hang_v in_o state_n 9_o state_n sueton._n in_o galbâ_fw-la cap_n 9_o the_o cross_n and_o the_o furca_fw-la be_v common_o take_v for_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o author_n though_o proper_o speak_v there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o they_o the_o furca_fw-la be_v divide_v by_o lipsius_n into_o ignominiosa_fw-la and_o poenalis_fw-la the_o former_a plutarch_n describe_v to_o be_v that_o piece_n of_o wood_n which_o support_v the_o thill_n of_o a_o wagon_n he_o add_v that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a penance_n for_o a_o servant_n who_o have_v offend_v to_o take_v this_o upon_o his_o shoulder_n and_o carry_v it_o about_o the_o neighbourhood_n for_o whoever_o be_v see_v with_o this_o infamous_a burden_n have_v no_o long_o any_o credit_n or_o trust_v among_o those_o who_o know_v it_o but_o be_v call_v furciser_n by_o way_n of_o ignominy_n and_o reproach_n coriolane_n reproach_n vide_fw-la plutarch_n in_o coriolane_n furca_fw-la poenalis_fw-la be_v a_o piece_n of_o wood_n much_o of_o the_o same_o shape_n as_o the_o former_a which_o be_v fasten_v about_o the_o convict_a person_n be_v neck_n he_o be_v general_o either_o scourge_v to_o death_n under_o it_o or_o lift_v up_o by_o it_o upon_o the_o cross_n lipsius_n make_v it_o the_o same_o with_o the_o patibulum_fw-la and_o fancy_n that_o for_o all_o the_o name_n it_o may_v not_o be_v a_o fork_a piece_n of_o timber_n but_o rather_o a_o straight_a beam_n to_o which_o the_o criminal_n arm_n be_v stretch_v out_o be_v tie_v and_o which_o be_v hol_v up_o at_o the_o place_n of_o execution_n serve_v for_o the_o transverse_a part_n of_o the_o cross_n projectio_fw-la in_o profluentem_fw-la be_v a_o punishment_n proper_a to_o the_o crime_n of_o parricide_n
be_v sometime_o light_a and_o movable_a so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v set_v up_o or_o take_v down_o in_o a_o night_n and_o then_o they_o call_v they_o simple_o castra_n at_o other_o time_n when_o they_o design_v to_o continue_v long_o in_o their_o encampment_n they_o take_v more_o pain_n to_o fortisie_n and_o regulate_v they_o for_o the_o convenience_n and_o defence_n of_o their_o man_n and_o then_o they_o term_v they_o castra_n stativa_fw-la as_o for_o the_o hiberna_fw-la or_o winter-quarter_n they_o be_v common_o take_v up_o in_o some_o city_n or_o town_n or_o else_o so_o build_v and_o contrive_v as_o to_o make_v almost_o a_o town_n of_o themselves_o and_o hence_o the_o antiquarians_n observe_v that_o the_o modern_a town_n who_o name_n end_v in_o cester_n be_v original_o these_o castra_n hiberna_fw-la of_o the_o roman_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o roman_a camp_n be_v foursquare_a divide_v into_o two_o chief_a partition_n the_o upper_a and_o the_o low_a in_o the_o upper_a partition_n be_v the_o pavilion_n of_o the_o general_n and_o the_o lodgment_n of_o the_o chief_a officer_n in_o the_o low_a be_v dispose_v the_o tent_n of_o the_o common_a soldier_n horse_n and_o foot_n iconismus_fw-la aciei_fw-la vulgatae_fw-la the_o general_n be_v apartment_n which_o they_o call_v praetorium_n because_o the_o ancient_a latin_n style_v all_o their_o commander_n praetores_fw-la seem_v to_o have_v be_v of_o a_o round_a figure_n the_o chief_a part_n of_o it_o be_v the_o tribunal_n or_o general_n be_v pavilion_n the_o augurale_fw-la set_v aside_o for_o prayer_n sacrifice_n and_o other_o religious_a uses_n the_o apartment_n of_o the_o young_a nobleman_n who_o come_v under_o the_o care_n of_o the_o general_n to_o inform_v themselves_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n and_o to_o gain_v some_o experience_n in_o military_a affair_n these_o gentleman_n have_v the_o honourable_a title_n of_o imperatoris_fw-la contuâ—ernales_fw-la on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o praetorium_n stand_v the_o quaestorium_fw-la assign_v to_o the_o quaestor_n or_o treasurer_n of_o the_o army_n and_o hard_o by_o the_o forum_n serve_v not_o only_o for_o the_o sale_n of_o commodity_n but_o too_o for_o the_o meeting_n of_o council_n and_o give_v audience_n to_o ambassador_n this_o be_v sometime_o call_v quintana_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o praetorium_n be_v lodge_v the_o legati_fw-la or_o lieutenant-general_n and_o below_o the_o praetorium_n the_o tribune_n take_v up_o their_o quarter_n by_o six_o and_o six_o opposite_a to_o their_o proper_a legion_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v the_o better_o govern_v and_o inspect_v they_o the_o praefecti_fw-la of_o the_o foreign_a troop_n be_v lodge_v at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tribune_n over-against_o their_o respective_a wing_n behind_o these_o be_v the_o lodgment_n of_o the_o evocati_fw-la and_o then_o those_o of_o the_o extraordinarii_fw-la and_o ablecti_fw-la equites_fw-la which_o conclude_v the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n between_o the_o two_o partition_n be_v include_v a_o spot_n of_o ground_n about_o a_o hundred_o foot_n in_o length_n which_o they_o call_v principia_fw-la where_o the_o altar_n and_o statue_n of_o the_o god_n and_o perhaps_o the_o chief_a ensign_n be_v fix_v all_o together_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o low_a partition_n as_o the_o most_o honourable_a place_n be_v assign_v to_o the_o roman_a horse_n and_o next_o to_o they_o be_v quarter_v the_o triarii_n than_o the_o principes_fw-la close_a by_o they_o the_o hastati_fw-la afterward_o the_o foreign_a horse_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n the_o foreign_a foot_n but_o the_o form_n and_o dimension_n of_o the_o camp_n can_v be_v so_o well_o describe_v any_o other_o way_n as_o in_o a_o table_n where_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o view_v however_o we_o may_v remark_n two_o great_a piece_n of_o policy_n in_o the_o way_n of_o dispose_v the_o confederate_a force_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n they_o divide_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o foreigner_n place_v part_n in_o the_o high_a partition_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o part_n in_o the_o low_a and_o then_o the_o matter_n be_v order_v so_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v spread_v in_o thin_a rank_n round_o the_o troop_n of_o the_o state_n so_o that_o the_o latter_a possess_v the_o middle_a space_n remain_v firm_a and_o solid_a while_o the_o other_o be_v master_n of_o very_a little_a strength_n be_v separate_v so_o vast_a a_o distance_n from_o one_o another_o and_o lie_v just_a on_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o army_n the_o roman_n fortify_v their_o camp_n with_o a_o ditch_n and_o parapet_n which_o they_o term_v fossa_n and_o vallum_n in_o the_o last_o some_o distinguish_v two_o part_n the_o agger_fw-la and_o the_o sudes_fw-la the_o agger_fw-la be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o earth_n cast_v up_o to_o form_v the_o vallum_n and_o the_o sudes_fw-la be_v a_o sort_n of_o wooden_a stake_n to_o secure_v and_o strengthen_v it_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o duty_n work_n and_o exercise_n of_o the_o soldier_n the_o duty_n and_o work_n of_o the_o soldier_n consist_v chief_o in_o their_o watch_n and_o guard_n and_o their_o diligence_n in_o cast_v up_o intrenchment_n and_o rampart_n and_o such_o other_o laborious_a service_n the_o watch_n and_o guard_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o excubiae_fw-la and_o the_o vigiliae_fw-la the_o first_o keep_v by_o day_n the_o other_o by_o night_n as_o to_o the_o excubiae_fw-la they_o be_v keep_v either_o in_o the_o camp_n or_o at_o the_o gate_n and_o intrenchment_n for_o the_o former_a there_o be_v allow_v a_o whole_a manipulus_fw-la to_o attend_v before_o the_o praetorium_n and_o four_o soldier_n to_o the_o tent_n of_o every_o trilâ—â—ne_n the_o triarii_n as_o the_o most_o honourable_a order_n be_v excuse_v from_o the_o ordinary_a watch_n yet_o be_v place_v exact_o opposite_a â—o_o the_o equites_fw-la they_o be_v oblige_v to_o have_v a_o eye_n over_o their_o horse_n the_o excubiae_fw-la at_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o at_o the_o intrenchment_n they_o proper_o call_v stationes_n there_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v assign_v one_o company_n of_o foot_n and_o one_o troop_n of_o horse_n to_o each_o of_o the_o four_o gate_n every_o day_n and_o it_o be_v a_o most_o unpardonable_a crime_n to_o desert_n their_o post_n or_o to_o abandon_v their_o corpse_n of_o guard_n the_o excellency_n of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n in_o this_o particular_a have_v appear_v on_o many_o occasion_n to_o their_o great_a honour_n and_o to_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o affair_n to_o give_v one_o instance_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o agrigentum_n in_o sicily_n in_o the_o first_o punic_a war_n when_o the_o roman_a guard_n have_v disperse_v themselves_o abroad_o a_o little_a far_o than_o they_o ought_v into_o the_o field_n for_o forage_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n lay_v hold_n on_o the_o opportunity_n make_v a_o vigorous_a sally_n from_o the_o town_n and_o in_o all_o probability_n will_v have_v force_v the_o camp_n the_o soldier_n who_o have_v careless_o neglect_v their_o duty_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o extreme_a penalty_n they_o have_v incur_v resolve_v to_o repair_v the_o fault_n by_o some_o remarkable_a behaviour_n and_o according_o rally_v together_o they_o not_o only_o sustain_v the_o shock_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o who_o they_o be_v far_o inferior_a in_o number_n but_o in_o the_o end_n make_v so_o great_a a_o slaughter_n among_o they_o as_o compel_v they_o to_o retreat_v to_o their_o work_n when_o they_o have_v well-nigh_o force_v the_o roman_a line_n 1._o line_n vide_fw-la polyb._n lib._n 1._o the_o night-guard_n assign_v to_o the_o general_n and_o tribune_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o those_o in_o the_o day_n but_o the_o proper_a vigiles_fw-la be_v four_o in_o every_o manipulus_fw-la keep_v guard_n three_o hour_n and_o then_o relieve_v by_o four_o other_o so_o that_o there_o be_v four_o set_v in_o a_o night_n according_a to_o the_o four_o watch_n which_o take_v their_o name_n from_o this_o custom_n the_o way_n of_o set_v this_o nightly_a guard_n be_v by_o a_o tally_n or_o tessera_fw-la with_o a_o particular_a inscription_n give_v from_o one_o centurion_n to_o another_o quite_o through_o the_o army_n till_o it_o come_v again_o to_o the_o tribune_n who_o at_o first_o deliver_v it_o upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o this_o the_o guard_n be_v immediate_o set_v the_o person_n depute_v to_o carry_v the_o tessera_fw-la from_o the_o tribune_n to_o the_o centurion_n be_v call_v tesserarius_n but_o because_o this_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a regulation_n of_o the_o business_n they_o have_v the_o circuitio_fw-la vigilium_fw-la or_o a_o visit_v the_o watch_n perform_v common_o about_o four_o time_n in_o the_o night_n by_o some_o of_o the_o horse_n upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n the_o tribune_n and_o lieutenant-general_n and_o sometime_o the_o general_n himself_o make_v these_o circuit_n in_o person_n and_o take_v a_o strict_a view_n of_o the_o watch_n in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o camp_n livy_n 9_o
viridomarus_n king_n of_o the_o gaul_n whence_o virgil_n say_v of_o he_o aeneid_n 6._o tertiaque_fw-la arma_fw-la patri_fw-la suspendet_fw-la capta_fw-la quirino_n where_o quirino_n must_v be_v understand_v only_o as_o a_o epithet_n apply_v to_o jupiter_n as_o denote_v his_o authority_n and_o power_n in_o war_n as_o the_o same_o word_n be_v attribute_v to_o janus_n by_o horace_n and_o sueton._n therefore_o servius_n be_v most_o certain_o guilty_a of_o a_o mistake_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o first_o spoil_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v according_a to_o numa_n law_n to_o be_v present_v to_o jupiter_n the_o second_o to_o mars_n and_o the_o three_o to_o quirinus_n or_o romulus_n for_o that_o decree_n of_o numa_n only_o take_v place_n if_o the_o same_o person_n have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o take_v these_o spoil_n three_o time_n but_o we_o be_v assure_v that_o not_o only_a romulus_n but_o cossus_n and_o marcellus_n too_o all_o make_v the_o dedication_n to_o jupiter_n the_o admirer_n of_o the_o roman_a magnificence_n will_v be_v infinite_o please_v with_o the_o relation_n already_o give_v from_o plutarch_n of_o the_o triumphal_a pomp_n while_o other_o who_o fancy_n that_o people_n to_o have_v be_v possess_v with_o a_o strange_a measure_n of_o vainglory_n and_o attribute_v all_o their_o military_a state_n and_o grandeur_n to_o a_o ambition_n ostentation_n will_v be_v much_o better_o satisfy_v with_o the_o satirical_a account_n which_o juvenal_n furnish_v we_o with_o in_o his_o ten_o satyr_n he_o be_v say_v that_o democritus_n find_v subject_a enough_o for_o a_o continual_a fit_a of_o laughter_n in_o place_n where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o formal_a pageantry_n as_o be_v common_o to_o be_v see_v in_o rome_n and_o then_o he_o go_v on_o quid_fw-la si_fw-la vidisset_fw-la praetorem_fw-la curribus_fw-la altis_fw-la extantem_fw-la &_o medio_fw-la sublimem_fw-la in_o pulvere_fw-la circi_fw-la in_o tunicâ_fw-la jovis_n &_o pictae_fw-la sarrana_n ferentem_fw-la exit_fw-la humeris_fw-la aulaea_fw-la togae_fw-la magnaeque_fw-la coronae_fw-la tantum_n orbem_fw-la quanto_fw-la cervix_fw-la non_fw-la sufficit_fw-la ulla_fw-la quip_n tenet_fw-la sudans_fw-la hanc_fw-la publicus_fw-la &_o sibi_fw-la consul_n ni_fw-fr placeat_fw-la curru_fw-la servus_n portatur_fw-la eodem_fw-la dam_fw-la nunc_fw-la &_o volucrem_fw-la sceptro_fw-la quae_fw-la surgit_fw-la eburno_fw-la illinc_fw-la cornicine_n hinc_fw-la praecedentia_fw-la longi_fw-la agminis_fw-la officia_fw-la &_o niveos_fw-la ad_fw-la fraena_fw-la quirite_n defossa_fw-la in_o loculis_fw-la quos_fw-la sportula_fw-la fecit_fw-la amicos_fw-la what_o have_v he_o do_v have_v he_o behold_v on_o high_a our_o consul_n seat_v in_o mock-majesty_n his_o chariot_n roll_a over_o the_o dusty_a place_n while_o with_o dumb_a pride_n and_o a_o set_v formal_a face_n he_o move_v in_o the_o dull_a ceremonial_a track_n with_o jove_n embroider_v coat_n upon_o his_o back_n a_o suit_n of_o hanging_n have_v not_o more_o oppress_v his_o shoulder_n than_o that_o long_o laborious_a vest_n a_o heavy_a gugaw_n call_v a_o crown_n that_o spread_v about_o his_o temple_n drown_v his_o narrow_a head_n and_o will_v have_v crush_v it_o with_o the_o massy_a freight_n but_o that_o a_o sweat_a slave_n sustain_v the_o weight_n a_o slave_n in_o the_o same_o chariot_n see_v to_o ride_v to_o mortify_v the_o mighty_a mad-man_n pride_n and_o now_o the_o imperial_a eagle_n raise_v on_o high_a with_o golden_a beak_n the_o mark_n of_o majesty_n trumpet_n before_o and_o on_o the_o left_a and_o right_a a_o cavalcade_n of_o noble_n all_o in_o white_a in_o their_o own_o nature_n false_a and_o flatter_a tribe_n but_o make_v his_o friend_n by_o place_n and_o by_o bribe_n mr._n dryden_n chap._n xvii_o the_o roman_a way_n of_o declare_v war_n and_o of_o make_v league_n the_o roman_n use_v abundance_n of_o superstition_n in_o enter_v upon_o any_o hostility_n or_o close_v in_o any_o league_n or_o confederacy_n the_o public_a minister_n who_o perform_v the_o ceremonial_a part_n of_o both_o these_o be_v the_o feciale_n or_o herald_n already_o describe_v among_o the_o priest_n nothing_o remain_v but_o the_o ceremony_n themselves_o which_o be_v of_o this_o nature_n when_o any_o neighbour_a state_n have_v give_v sufficient_a reason_n for_o the_o senate_n to_o suspect_v a_o design_n of_o break_v with_o they_o or_o have_v offer_v any_o violence_n or_o injustice_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v enough_o to_o give_v they_o the_o repute_n of_o enemy_n one_o of_o the_o feciale_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o college_n on_o this_o occasion_n and_o habit_v in_o the_o vest_n belong_v to_o his_o order_n together_o with_o his_o other_o ensign_n and_o habiliment_n set_v forward_o for_o the_o enemy_n country_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o reach_v the_o confine_n he_o pronounce_v a_o formal_a declaration_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o arrival_n call_v all_o the_o god_n to_o witness_v and_o imprecate_v the_o divine_a vengeance_n on_o himself_o and_o his_o country_n if_o his_o reason_n be_v not_o just_a when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o enemy_n he_o again_o repeat_v the_o same_o declaration_n with_o some_o addition_n and_o withal_o desire_a satisfaction_n if_o they_o deliver_v into_o his_o power_n the_o author_n of_o the_o injury_n or_o give_v hostage_n for_o security_n he_o return_v satisfy_v to_o rome_n if_o otherwise_o they_o desire_v time_n to_o consider_v he_o go_v away_o for_o ten_o day_n and_o then_o come_v again_o to_o hear_v their_o resolution_n and_o this_o he_o do_v in_o some_o case_n three_o time_n but_o if_o nothing_o be_v do_v towards_o a_o accommodation_n in_o about_o thirty_o day_n he_o declare_v that_o the_o roman_n will_v endeavour_v to_o assert_v their_o right_n by_o their_o arms._n after_o this_o the_o herald_n be_v oblige_v to_o return_v and_o to_o make_v a_o true_a report_n of_o his_o embassy_n before_o the_o senate_n assure_v they_o of_o the_o legality_n of_o the_o war_n which_o they_o be_v now_o consult_v to_o undertake_v and_o be_v then_o again_o dispatch_v to_o perform_v the_o last_o part_n of_o the_o ceremony_n which_o be_v to_o throw_v a_o spear_n into_o or_o towards_z the_o enemy_n country_n in_o token_n of_o defiance_n and_o as_o a_o summons_n to_o war_n pronounce_v at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o set_a form_n of_o word_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n as_o to_o the_o make_n of_o league_n polybins_n acquaint_v we_o that_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o article_n of_o a_o agreement_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v perform_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o carthaginian_n swear_v by_o the_o god_n of_o their_o country_n and_o the_o roman_n after_o their_o ancient_a custom_n swear_v by_o a_o stone_n and_o then_o by_o mars_n they_o swear_v by_o a_o stone_n thus_o the_o herald_n who_o take_v the_o oath_n have_v swear_v in_o behalf_n of_o the_o public_a take_v up_o a_o stone_n and_o then_o pronounce_v these_o word_n if_o i_o keep_v my_o faith_n may_v the_o god_n vouchsafe_v their_o assistance_n and_o give_v i_o success_n if_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o violate_v it_o then_o may_v the_o other_o party_n be_v entire_o safe_a and_o preserve_v in_o their_o country_n in_o their_o law_n in_o their_o possession_n and_o in_o a_o word_n in_o all_o their_o right_n and_o liberty_n and_o may_v i_o perish_v and_o fall_v alone_o as_o now_o this_o stone_n do_v and_o then_o he_o let_v the_o stone_n fall_v out_o of_o his_o hand_n 3._o hand_n polyb._n lib._n 3._o livy_n account_n of_o the_o like_a ceremony_n be_v something_o more_o particular_a yet_o differ_v little_a in_o substance_n only_o that_o he_o say_v the_o herald_n conclude_a clause_n be_v otherwise_o may_v jove_n strike_v the_o roman_a people_n as_o i_o do_v this_o hog_n and_o according_o he_o kill_v a_o hog_n that_o stand_v ready_a by_o with_o the_o stone_n which_o he_o hold_v in_o his_o hand_n this_o last_o opinion_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o virgil_n when_o speak_v of_o the_o roman_n and_o albanian_o he_o say_v et_fw-la caesâ_fw-la jungebant_fw-la foedera_fw-la porcâ_fw-la and_o perhaps_o both_o these_o custom_n may_v be_v in_o use_n at_o different_a time_n chap._n xviii_o the_o roman_a method_n of_o treat_v the_o people_n they_o conquer_v with_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o coloniae_fw-la municipia_fw-la praefecturae_fw-la and_o province_n the_o civil_a usage_n and_o extraordinary_a favour_n with_o which_o the_o roman_n oblige_v the_o poor_a conquer_a nation_n have_v be_v reasonable_o esteem_v one_o of_o the_o prime_a cause_n of_o the_o extent_n of_o their_o dominion_n and_o the_o establishment_n of_o their_o command_n yet_o when_o they_o see_v occasion_n they_o be_v not_o to_o seek_v in_o severe_a method_n such_o as_o the_o seize_v on_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o enemy_n land_n or_o remove_v the_o native_n to_o another_o soil_n if_o a_o state_n or_o people_n have_v be_v necessitate_v to_o surrender_v themselves_o into_o the_o roman_a power_n they_o use_v sub_fw-la jugum_fw-la mitti_fw-la
to_o be_v make_v pass_n under_o a_o yoke_n in_o token_n of_o subjection_n for_o this_o purpose_n they_o set_v up_o two_o spear_n and_o lay_v a_o three_o cross_v they_o at_o the_o top_n order_v those_o who_o have_v surrender_v their_o person_n to_o go_v under_o they_o without_o arm_n or_o belt_n those_o who_o can_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o deliver_v themselves_o up_o but_o be_v take_v by_o force_n as_o they_o suffer_v several_a penalty_n so_o very_o often_o sub_fw-la coronâ_fw-la venibant_fw-la they_o be_v public_o sell_v for_o slave_n where_o by_o corona_n some_o understand_v a_o sort_n of_o chaplet_n which_o they_o put_v about_o the_o captive_n head_n for_o distinction_n other_o will_v have_v it_o mean_v the_o ring_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n who_o stand_v round_o the_o captive_n while_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o sale_n agellius_n prefer_v the_o former_a reason_n 4._o reason_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 4._o the_o several_a form_n of_o government_n which_o the_o roman_n establish_v in_o their_o conquest_n be_v very_o well_o worth_a our_o knowledge_n and_o be_v seldom_o right_o distinguish_v we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o these_o four_o colony_n municipia_fw-la praefecturae_fw-la and_o province_n colony_n proper_o speak_v be_v state_n or_o community_n where_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v be_v transplant_v from_o rome_n and_o though_o mingle_a with_o the_o native_n who_o have_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o conquer_a place_n yet_o obtain_v the_o whole_a power_n and_o authority_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o affair_n one_o great_a advantage_n of_o this_o institution_n be_v that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o veteran_n soldier_n who_o have_v serve_v out_o their_o legal_a time_n and_o have_v spend_v their_o vigour_n in_o the_o honour_n and_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n may_v be_v favour_v with_o a_o very_a agreeable_a reward_n by_o form_v they_o into_o a_o colony_n and_o send_v they_o where_o they_o may_v be_v master_n of_o large_a possession_n and_o so_o lead_v the_o remainder_n of_o their_o day_n in_o ease_n and_o plenty_n municipia_fw-la be_v proper_o corporation_n or_o enfranchise_a place_n where_o the_o native_n be_v allow_v the_o use_n of_o their_o old_a law_n and_o constitution_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n honour_v with_o the_o privilege_n of_o roman_a citizen_n but_o then_o this_o privilege_n in_o some_o of_o the_o municipia_fw-la reach_v no_o far_a than_o the_o bare_a title_n without_o the_o proper_a right_n of_o citizen_n such_o as_o vote_v in_o the_o assembly_n bear_v office_n in_o the_o city_n and_o the_o like_a of_o this_o latter_a sort_n the_o first_o example_n be_v the_o caerite_n a_o people_n of_o tuscany_n who_o for_o preserve_v the_o sacred_a relic_n of_o the_o roman_n when_o the_o gaul_n have_v take_v the_o city_n be_v afterward_o dignify_v with_o the_o name_n of_o roman_a citizen_n but_o not_o admit_v into_o any_o part_n of_o the_o public_a administration_n hence_o the_o censor_n table_n where_o they_o enter_v the_o name_n of_o such_o person_n as_o for_o some_o misdemeanour_n be_v to_o lose_v their_o right_n of_o suffrage_n have_v the_o name_n of_o caerites_n tabulae_fw-la 13._o tabulae_fw-la a._n gell._n lib._n 16._o cap._n 13._o the_o praefecturae_fw-la be_v certain_a town_n of_o italy_n who_o inhabitant_n have_v the_o name_n of_o roman_a citizen_n but_o be_v neither_o allow_v to_o enjoy_v their_o own_o law_n nor_o magistrate_n be_v govern_v by_o annual_a praefect_n send_v from_o rome_n these_o be_v general_o such_o place_n as_o be_v either_o suspect_v or_o have_v some_o way_n or_o other_o incur_v the_o displeasure_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n this_o be_v account_v the_o hard_a condition_n that_o be_v impose_v on_o any_o people_n of_o italy_n voce_fw-la italy_n calv._n lexicon_n juridic_n in_o voce_fw-la all_o other_o city_n and_o state_n in_o italy_n which_o be_v neither_o colony_n municipia_fw-la nor_o praefecturae_fw-la have_v the_o name_n of_o foederatae_fw-la civitates_fw-la enjoy_v entire_o their_o own_o custom_n and_o form_n of_o government_n without_o the_o least_o alteration_n and_o only_o join_v in_o confederacy_n with_o the_o roman_n upon_o such_o term_n as_o have_v be_v adjust_v between_o they_o ibid._n they_o ibid._n the_o province_n be_v foreign_a country_n of_o large_a extent_n which_o upon_o the_o entire_a reduce_v they_o under_o the_o roman_a dominion_n be_v new-modelled_a according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o subject_v to_o the_o command_n of_o annual_a governor_n send_v from_o rome_n be_v common_o assign_v such_o tax_n and_o contribution_n as_o the_o senate_n think_v fit_a to_o demand_v but_o because_o the_o several_a town_n and_o community_n in_o every_o country_n do_v not_o behave_v themselves_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n towards_o the_o roman_n some_o profess_v more_o friendship_n and_o a_o desire_n of_o union_n and_o agreement_n while_o other_o be_v more_o obstinate_a and_o refractory_a and_o unwilling_a to_o part_v with_o their_o old_a liberty_n upon_o any_o term_n therefore_o to_o reward_v those_o people_n who_o deserve_v well_o at_o their_o hand_n they_o allow_v some_o place_n the_o use_n of_o their_o own_o constitution_n in_o many_o respect_n and_o sometime_o excuse_v the_o inhabitant_n from_o pay_v tribute_n whence_o they_o be_v term_v immunes_fw-la in_o opposition_n to_o the_o vectigales_fw-la the_o tribute_n exact_v from_o the_o province_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o certain_a or_o uncertain_a the_o certain_a tribute_n or_o stipendium_fw-la be_v either_o a_o set_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o be_v collect_v by_o the_o provincial_a quaestor_n which_o they_o call_v pecunia_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la or_o else_o a_o subsidy_n raise_v on_o the_o provincial_n for_o particular_a occasion_n such_o as_o the_o maintain_v so_o many_o soldier_n the_o rig_v out_o and_o pay_v such_o a_o number_n of_o vessel_n and_o the_o like_a term_v pecunia_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la the_o uncertain_a tribute_n consist_v of_o what_o they_o call_v portorium_n scriptura_fw-la and_o decuma_n the_o portorium_n be_v a_o duty_n impose_v upon_o all_o good_n and_o ware_n import_v and_o export_v the_o scriptura_fw-la be_v a_o tax_n lay_v upon_o pasture_n and_o cattle_n the_o decuma_n be_v the_o quantity_n of_o corn_n which_o the_o farmer_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o roman_a state_n common_o the_o ten_o part_n of_o their_o crop_n but_o beside_o this_o which_o they_o proper_o term_v frumentum_fw-la decumanum_fw-la and_o which_o be_v farm_a by_o the_o publican_n hence_o call_v decumani_fw-la there_o be_v the_o frumentum_fw-la emptum_fw-la and_o the_o frumentum_fw-la aestimatum_fw-la both_o take_v up_o in_o the_o province_n the_o frumentum_fw-la emptum_fw-la be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o decumanum_fw-la or_o imperatum_fw-la the_o former_a be_v another_o ten_o pay_v upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o such_o a_o sum_n as_o the_o senate_n have_v determine_v to_o be_v the_o price_n of_o it_o who_o rate_v it_o so_o much_o a_o bushel_n at_o their_o pleasure_n the_o frumentum_fw-la imperatum_fw-la be_v a_o quantity_n of_o corn_n equal_o exact_v of_o the_o provincial_a farmer_n after_o the_o two_o ten_o at_o such_o a_o price_n as_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n please_v to_o give_v frumentum_fw-la aestimatum_fw-la be_v a_o corn-tax_n require_v by_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o the_o province_n for_o his_o private_a use_n and_o the_o occasion_n of_o his_o family_n this_o be_v common_o compound_v for_o in_o money_n and_o on_o that_o account_n take_v its_o name_n ab_fw-la aestimando_fw-la from_o rate_v it_o at_o such_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n beside_o all_o these_o sigonius_n mention_n frumentum_fw-la honorarium_fw-la upon_o the_o authority_n of_o cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n against_o piso_n but_o perhaps_o cicero_n in_o that_o place_n do_v not_o restrain_v the_o honorarium_fw-la to_o corn_n but_o may_v mean_v in_o general_a the_o present_a usual_o make_v to_o the_o provincial_a governor_n soon_o after_o their_o entrance_n on_o their_o office_n after_o augustus_n have_v make_v a_o division_n of_o the_o province_n between_o himself_o and_o the_o people_n the_o annual_a tax_n pay_v by_o the_o province_n under_o the_o emperor_n be_v call_v stipendia_fw-la and_o those_o which_o be_v gather_v in_o the_o people_n province_n tributa_fw-la tributa_fw-la tributa_fw-la calvin_n lexicon_fw-la jurid_n in_o tributa_fw-la chap._n xix_o the_o roman_a way_n of_o take_v town_n with_o the_o most_o remarkable_a invention_n and_o engine_n make_v use_v of_o in_o their_o sieges_n before_o we_o inquire_v into_o this_o subject_a a_o very_a memorable_a custom_n present_v itself_o to_o our_o notice_n which_o be_v always_o practise_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o roman_a army_n invest_v any_o town_n and_o that_o be_v the_o evocatio_fw-la deorum_fw-la tutelarium_fw-la or_o the_o envit_v out_o the_o guardian_n deity_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v either_o because_o they_o think_v it_o impossible_a to_o force_v any_o place_n while_o it_o enjoy_v such_o powerful_a defender_n or_o else_o
one_o shall_v sow_v a_o coat_n in_o this_o manner_n that_o one_o side_n shall_v have_v a_o broad_a galoon_n and_o the_o other_o a_o narrow_a one_o neither_o part_n have_v any_o thing_n proper_o answer_v to_o it_o as_o to_o the_o name_n of_o the_o clavi_fw-la he_o think_v there_o need_v no_o far_a reason_n be_v give_v than_o that_o the_o ancient_n call_v any_o thing_n which_o be_v make_v with_o design_n to_o be_v put_v upon_o another_o thing_n clavus_fw-la g_o it_o have_v be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n that_o the_o angusticlave_n distinguish_v the_o knight_n from_o the_o common-people_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o laticlave_n do_v the_o senator_n from_o those_o of_o the_o equestrian_a rank_n but_o rubenius_n averr_v that_o there_o be_v no_o manner_n of_o difference_n between_o the_o tunic_n of_o the_o knight_n and_o those_o of_o the_o commons_o this_o conjecture_n seem_v to_o be_v favour_v by_o appian_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o history_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o slave_n in_o habit_n go_v like_o his_o master_n and_o except_v only_o the_o senator_n robe_n all_o other_o garment_n be_v common_a to_o the_o servant_n and_o pliny_n when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o ring_v distinguish_v the_o equestrian_a order_n from_o the_o common-people_n as_o their_o tunick_n do_v the_o senate_n from_o those_o that_o wear_v the_o ring_n will_v not_o probable_o have_v omit_v the_o other_o distinction_n have_v it_o be_v real_a beside_o both_o these_o authority_n lampridius_n in_o the_o life_n of_o alexander_n severus_n confirm_v the_o present_a assertion_n he_o acquaint_v we_o that_o the_o aforesaid_a emperor_n have_v some_o thought_n of_o assign_v a_o proper_a habit_n to_o servant_n different_a from_o that_o of_o their_o master_n but_o his_o great_a lawyer_n ulpian_n and_o paulus_n dissuade_v he_o from_o the_o project_n as_o what_o will_v infallible_o give_v occasion_n to_o much_o quarrel_v and_o dissension_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a he_o be_v content_v only_o to_o distinguish_v the_o senator_n from_o the_o knight_n by_o their_o clavus_fw-la but_o all_o this_o argument_n will_v come_v to_o nothing_o unless_o we_o can_v clear_v the_o point_n about_o the_o use_n of_o purple_a among_o the_o roman_n which_o the_o civilian_n tell_v we_o be_v strict_o forbid_v the_o common-people_n under_o the_o emperor_n it_o may_v therefore_o be_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o prohibition_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v restrain_v to_o some_o particular_a species_n of_o purple_a 5._o purple_a dacier_n or_o horace_n lib._n 1._o sat._n 5._o thus_o julius_n caesar_n forbid_v the_o use_n of_o the_o conchilian_a garment_n or_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 43._o 〈◊〉_d sueton._n jul._n cap._n 43._o and_o nero_n afterward_o prohibit_v the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o the_o amethystine_a or_o tyrian_a purple_a 32._o purple_a idem_fw-la nero_n cap._n 32._o these_o conjecture_n of_o rubenius_n need_v no_o better_a confirmation_n than_o that_o they_o be_v repeat_v and_o approve_v by_o the_o most_o judicious_a graevius_n 10._o graevius_n ad_fw-la sueton._n jul._n 43._o otho_n 10._o domitian_n 10._o according_a to_o this_o opinion_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o reconcile_v the_o great_a contest_v between_o manutius_n and_o lipsius_n and_o the_o inferior_a critic_n of_o both_o party_n about_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o tunic_a the_o former_a assert_v it_o to_o be_v purple_a and_o the_o other_o white_a for_o it_o be_v evident_a it_o may_v be_v call_v either_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o groundwork_a to_o have_v be_v white_a with_o the_o addition_n of_o these_o purple_a list_n or_o galoon_n as_o to_o the_o person_n who_o have_v the_o honour_n of_o wear_v the_o laticlave_n it_o may_v be_v maintain_v that_o the_o son_n of_o those_o senator_n who_o be_v patritian_n have_v the_o privilege_n of_o use_v this_o vest_n in_o their_o childhood_n together_o with_o the_o praetexta_fw-la but_o the_o son_n of_o such_o senator_n as_o be_v not_o patritian_n do_v not_o put_v on_o the_o laticlave_n till_o they_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o to_o bear_v office_n 23._o office_n see_v pliny_n lib._n 8._o epist_n 23._o yet_o augustus_n change_v this_o custom_n and_o give_v the_o son_n of_o any_o senator_n leave_v to_o assume_v the_o laticlave_n present_o after_o the_o time_n of_o their_o put_n on_o the_o toga_fw-la virilis_n though_o they_o be_v not_o yet_o capable_a of_o honour_n 37._o honour_n sueton._n aug._n cap._n 37._o and_o by_o the_o particular_a favour_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o same_o privilege_n be_v allow_v to_o the_o more_o splendid_a family_n of_o the_o knight_n thus_o ovid_n speak_v of_o himself_o and_o brother_n who_o be_v know_v to_o have_v be_v of_o the_o equestrian_a order_n intereà _fw-la tacito_fw-la passu_fw-la labentibus_fw-la annis_fw-la liberior_fw-la fratri_fw-la sumpta_fw-la mihique_fw-la toga_fw-la induiturque_fw-la humeris_fw-la cum_fw-la lato_n purpura_fw-la clavo_fw-la etc._n etc._n 10._o etc._n tristium_fw-la lib._n 4._o â—leg_n 10._o and_o statius_n of_o metius_n celer_n who_o in_o another_o place_n he_o term_v splendidissimus_fw-la sylvarum_n splendidissimus_fw-la praefat._n ad_fw-la lib._n 3._o sylvarum_n the_o proper_a style_n of_o the_o knight_n pver_fw-la hic_fw-la sudavit_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la notus_fw-la adhuc_fw-la tantùm_fw-la majoris_fw-la munere_fw-la clavi_fw-la 2._o clavi_fw-la sylu._n lib._n 3._o carm_n 2._o beside_o the_o gown_n and_o tunic_n we_o hardly_o meet_v with_o any_o garment_n of_o roman_a original_a or_o that_o deserve_v the_o labour_n of_o a_o enquiry_n into_o their_o difference_n yet_o among_o these_o the_o lacerna_fw-la and_o the_o penula_n occur_v more_o frequent_o than_o any_o other_o in_o the_o old_a gloss_n upon_o persius_n sit_v 1._o verse_n 68_o they_o be_v both_o call_v pallia_fw-la which_o identity_n of_o name_n may_v probable_o arise_v from_o the_o near_a resemblance_n they_o bear_v one_o to_o the_o other_o and_o both_o to_o the_o grecian_a pallium_fw-la the_o lacerna_fw-la be_v first_o use_v in_o the_o camp_n but_o afterward_o admit_v into_o the_o city_n and_o wear_v upon_o their_o gown_n to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o wether_n the_o penula_n be_v sometime_o use_v with_o the_o same_o design_n but_o be_v short_a and_o fit_a for_o expedition_n it_o be_v chief_o wear_v upon_o a_o journey_n 1._o journey_n see_v lip_n elect._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 13._o dr._n holiday_n on_o juvenal_n sat._n 1._o rubenius_n will_v have_v the_o lacerna_fw-la and_o the_o penula_n to_o be_v both_o close-bodied_a kind_n of_o frock_n gird_v about_o in_o the_o middle_a the_o only_a difference_n between_o they_o be_v that_o the_o penulae_fw-la be_v always_o brown_a the_o lacernae_fw-la of_o no_o certain_a colour_n and_o that_o the_o cucullus_fw-la the_o cowl_n or_o hood_n be_v sow_v on_o the_o former_a but_o wear_v as_o a_o distinct_a thing_n from_o the_o other_o 6._o other_o de_fw-fr laticlav_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 6._o but_o ferrarius_fw-la who_o have_v spend_v a_o whole_a book_n in_o animadvert_v on_o that_o author_n wonder_n that_o any_o body_n shall_v be_v so_o ignorant_a as_o not_o to_o know_v these_o two_o garment_n to_o have_v be_v of_o a_o quite_o distinct_a species_n ult_n species_n analect_n de_fw-mi re_fw-mi vest_n cap._n ult_n it_o will_v be_v expect_v that_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o roman_a priest_n shall_v be_v particular_o describe_v but_o we_o have_v no_o certain_a intelligence_n only_o what_o concern_v the_o chief_a of_o they_o the_o augur_n the_o flamen_n and_o the_o pontifices_fw-la the_o augur_n wear_v the_o trabea_n first_o die_v with_o scarlet_a and_o afterward_o with_o purple_a rubenius_n take_v the_o robe_n which_o herod_n in_o derision_n put_v on_o our_o saviour_n to_o have_v be_v of_o this_o nature_n because_o st._n matthew_n call_v it_o scarlet_a and_o st._n luke_n purple_n cicero_n use_v dibaphus_n a_o garment_n twice_o die_v for_o the_o augural_a robe_n 16._o robe_n epist_n famil_n lib._n 2._o epist_n 16._o the_o proper_a robe_n of_o the_o flamen_n be_v the_o laena_n a_o sort_n of_o purple_a chlamys_fw-la or_o almost_o a_o double_a gown_n fasten_v about_o the_o neck_n with_o a_o buckle_n or_o clasp_v it_o be_v interweave_v curious_o with_o gold_n so_o as_o to_o appear_v very_o splendid_a and_o magnificent_a thus_o virgil_n describe_v his_o hero_n in_o this_o habit._fw-la tyrioque_fw-la ardebat_fw-la murice_fw-la laena_fw-la demissa_fw-la ex_fw-la humeris_fw-la dive_v quae_fw-la munera_fw-la dido_n fecerat_fw-la &_o tenui_fw-la telas_fw-la discreverat_fw-la auro_fw-la aen._n 4._o the_o pontiff_n have_v the_o honour_n of_o use_v the_o praetexta_fw-la and_o so_o have_v the_o epulones_n as_o we_o learn_v from_o livy_n lib._n 43._o the_o priest_n be_v remarkable_a for_o their_o modesty_n in_o apparel_n and_o therefore_o they_o make_v use_v only_o of_o the_o common-purple_a never_o affect_v the_o more_o chargeable_a and_o splendid_a thus_o cicero_n vestitus_fw-la asper_fw-la nostrâ_fw-la hâc_fw-la purpurâ_fw-la plebeiâ_fw-la ac_fw-la