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A15038 The enemie to vnthryftinesse publishing, by lawes, documents and disciplines. A right rule, for reformation of pride, and other prodigall and riotous disorders, in a common wealth: for the worthines of directions, a perfect mirrour for all maiestrates: (especially) of cities. And for sound counsels, and admonitions, a carde to compasse, or euery yong gentleman, honorablie and profitably to gouerne his actions. Partely, drawne out of the sage gouernme[n]t, of the most worthie emperour, Alexander Seuerus: and (generallye) discoueringe the vnsufferable abuses now raigning in our happie English co[m]mon wealth. By George Whetstons gent.; Mirour for magestrates of cyties Whetstone, George, 1544?-1587?; Whetstone, George, 1544?-1587? Addition: or touchstone for the time. aut; Severus Alexander, Emperor of Rome, 208-235. 1586 (1586) STC 25341.5; ESTC S103652 40,485 80

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life forth of your harts It was the due of his beastlines and will be the reward of your insolent liuing without amendment You are yet yong by prowesse may recouer more then you haue by prodigalitie wasted A vertuous end repaireth the dishonors of a vicious life But shame lyueth when lewd men are dead A prodigall and voluptuous humor I know is hardly purged bicause the norishments are many and sweete But when I consider that you are Gentlemen I straightwaies hope that you will easilye subdue these affections There is nothyng more pretious to man then life nor nothing more fearfull then death Yet the noble Romaine Gentlemen your auncestors in actions of honour preferred the last before the first If you be heires of their vertues Vsurers cannot purchase that patrimonie And therefore great is our hope that you will bridle meane affections when they contemned the greatest ROMVLVS with a weake strength and inuincible courage first buylded this famous Citie and of his name shee is called to this daye Roome Numa Pompilius that succeeded him both inlarged the boundes and strengthened her with manie good lawes and orders And in processe of time the wisdome of the Maiestrates and valiancie of her Gentlemen made Rome The Soueraigne of Citties the Beautie of the earth and Empresse of the whole world And so to this daye had remained had not the horrible vices of her Emperors Nero Caligula Domitian Comodus and Heliogabalus eclipsed her glorie and polluted her people with abhominations But vertue is able to perfect more then vice hath deformed We beseech the Gods that on our part there may bee no defaulte as wee earnestly de●…te reformation in you And then no doubt Rome shall shortlye haue her auncient honour and you the reputation of Romulus heires This badge of pryde Brauerie in apparell is necessarie for base persons that publiquely in open Theaters presente the personages of Emperoures Kinges Dukes and such Heroycall Estates For that they haue no other meane to perfourme their action But the magnanimous Gentleman carrieth honor in his coūtinance and not countenance in his Garments CICERO discouered the Haughtinesse of Caesar in his fore-heade ASTIAGES saw a Kyngly minde in CYRVS although hee were armed with a Sheepehooke man maketh the Habyt and not Habyt a man Drunkennesse and Glotonie are fowle maymes too Honour and the greatest deformytie in a Gentleman Call Alexander the great to witnesse who after hee had conquered almoste all the whole Worlde with the Swoord conquered hym-selfe with a Wine-potte So that it is a question whither he receiued more Honour in ouercommyng the mighty Darius of Persia or Dishonor by beyng subdued by the Persians Vices If I were a Iudge Alexander should find a seueare Iudgement for by his valiancie he did but conquer his ennemies and in his drunkennesse he slew his frendes and hastened his owne death Prodigalytie is so sharpe a vengeance as there needeth no Lawe to chastise the Prodigall man he doth so seuerely punish him-selfe Epicharidus the Athenian in sixe Dayes consumed his Patrimonie and al his lyfe after liued a Begger Pasicirus kyng of Cyprus first prodigallie spent his Treasure afterwards sould his Realme and lastly died miserablie in the Cittie of Amathuntus The prodigall Cleops Kyng of Egypte was driuen vnto such necessitie as he was faine to liue of the dishonest vse of his Daughters bodie If prodigalitie bring Kings to this exigent who haue manie supplies it speedilye ruineth the richest Subiect yea which is worst their recouerie is as vncertaine as their vndooing is certaine For by colour of their Reuennewes they runne in debt the triple value of theyr Landes You Gentlemen of Rome knowe this better by experience then by my information you feele the smart of prodigalitie by ryot you were dryuen to morgage your Lands and had lost the same and your selues had not our liberalitie redeemed both our louing care to preu●…nt that followeth after prodigalitie whiche is this perillous daunger Men beyng by prodigalytie Enemies of their owne and posteryties prospetytie by want and Necessytie become Enemies of their Countreyes peace and welf●… I sa●… feare of this mischiefe and loue of your w●…ldoynge hath repurchased your Landes receyue of vs the Possession therof as a Cognisance of our loue and delyte that you maye floorysh Keepe your Honour with your Landes least our seuere displeasure be heaped vpon your vndoynges Lette vertuous Pollycies and Documents be your studdie see that your excr●…e bee Feates of Chiualrye vse your handes to the managynge or Armes and not your Fyngers to the trippynge of Dice a Pastyme so villanous that notwithstandinge the losse be doubtfull the dishonour is certaine GOBILON the Athenian beyng sent Ambassadour to make League with the Corrynthians who findyng the Gouernours of Corrynth playinge at the Di●… departed without dispatch of his busines saying ●…e would not staine the Glorye of the Spartianes in makyng League with Dicers The Kyng of the Persians sent goulden Dice to kynge Demettius for a reproache of his Lightnesse Cicero in the Senate-house put Anthonius to scilence in sayinge he was a Dicer And truely so infamous a pastime neither beseemeth the Grauitie of the Magistrate nor Honor of a Gentleman for that the gaine is loaden with dishonest practises and the losse with vnquiet passions Learn by the Cōtinencie of the mightie Alexāder the noble Romain Scipio to subdue carnal affections the one hauyng by fortune of warre the possession of kyng Darius Wyfe the moste beautifull Ladie of all ASIA he neither suffred him-selfe to bee conquered by her beautie nor the Queene to bee dishonoured by his victorie The other hauyng lyke Aduauntage of the Paragon of Spayne with the semblable vertue vanquished his Affections On the cōtrarie part know ye that Rome of late hath had more Emperours brought vnto the Sepulture by Lecherie then in many hundred yeares before by the Launce Gentlemen my Kinsmen and Companions I admonish you from naughtinesse by the falles of Emperours kynges and Heroycall Estates that you maye knowe in the punishment of vice the Goddes neither feare nor spare the mightiest of men On the contrarie parte I counsell you to goodnesse by the Counsell of our dignitie assuring you by the exercise of Vertue meaner then Gentlemen become Emperours of Kingdomes Wee haue no more to saye but that the Goddes impresse in your hartes the counsell we haue blowen into your eares and that your Emperour Alexander maye beholde Rome Rome agayne And you Gentlemen of Rome worthye the reputation of your Noble Auncestors VVHen the good Emperor had ended his Oration the Gentlemen ouercome with the Princely fauour and affection of Alexander as also wounded with the knowledge of their former lasciuiousnesse discouered a great dismaye of Spirite In the ende with abased Countenaunces vppon their knees they humbly acknowledged his gratious benefits confessed their owne vnworthynesse and faithfullie promised to obay his fatherly Counsailes The good Emperour
this hope made forthwith Proclamation of the Emperours Commaundement And at the appointed time the grauer sort of the Cittizins with a multitude of the Communaltie being assembled the Emperour and a chosen company of Senators with a sterne countenaunce passed by the people and mounted in the Chayre of Maiestie as one distempered with a great passion with an angrie Countenaunce and a still tongue hee setled his eyes vpon the Cittizins And not-with-standing they saluted hym with many dutifull acclamatious as Liue long O noble Emperour the chosen of the Goddes the Glory of the world the Soueraigne of Kynges and prosperytie of Roome yet he seemed neuer a whytte the more affable as wyllynge they should knowe that his wisdome had searched their corupt consciences therfore little regarded their dutiful gratulations In the end when the regarde of his displeased Countinaunce had made them scilent with ●…are or rather halle dead with sorrow hee quickened them agayne with this sharpe Reprehension as followeth Alexanders Oration to the Cittizyns of ●…eeme IF we knewe by what proper name to call you by that name we would wyll you to giue attention to the words we purpose to declare If we shuld greet you with the reuerence due vnto Priestes wee should highly offende the Goddes and delude men for in you there is no Relygion to serue the Gods nor Charytie to lyue Neighbourly among men If we shuld salute you as Senators your own consciences wold witnesse that we mocked you for the good Senators trauell for the benefite of the Publique-weale and you only labour for priuate lucre It were ridiculous to call you Gentlemen for they by their magnanimous Vertues inlarge the boundes of the Empyre and you thoughe you haue cra●…t to dispossesse Gentlemen of their lands yet you lacke vallour to keepe the enemie from the sackyng of your Cytties What woulde you that wee ●…ould call you as the auncient Cittizyns were woont to be called good people of Roome Beleeue me this is no proper Title for you for they and you differ in conditions as good doth from bad Those Cittizyns or good people of Roome by their Vertues crowned Roome with the Honour of a Cittie and more with this Title The Head of the Worlde For as diuine PLATO saith it is not sumptueus Buildynges that giueth name of a Cittie but the Cruilytie and worthinesse of the Cittyzyns And on the contrary-parte you pollute Roome with so many abhominations as where in times past she hath ben called the head of the world she may now be as aptly called the tayle of iniquitie If none of all these titles belong vnto you what name shuld we then giue you you be of Rome lyue in Roome and haue your sustenance from Rome all this hath Moathes in cloath Canker rust in Iron Caterpillers in ●…uict Then you Moathes Canker-rust and Caterpillers of Roome giue care vnto my words which showe you a more assured benefite then your own trauelles The large Priuiledges of Abules which you of long tyme haue inioyed haue by s●…erance made a custom of sin therfore in charytie we are first bound to admonish you with good coūsell if that work no amēdmēt thē of necessitie we must chasten you with the Rod of Iustice But admit this lybertie were without checke you would be the cōfusion of your own-selues you haue experience of the Vermins to whome wee rightly compared you the Moathe consumeth the Cloath and in tyme for lacke of iustenaunce starueth it selfe The iyke doth the Caterpyller amonge Fruict and with continuance the Canker-rust in Iron And you that denoure the wealth of the CITTIE dwell vppon the Possessions of the Gentlemen and oppresse the multitude with bondage what gayne you by this By Crueltie you purchase hatred of your Neighbours and the Ambitious wyll enuie your aboundance of wealth and then this followeth If they can not be strengthned with forein power your familiars wyll invade you with ciuil discention For among those that haue liued prodigally this rule is obserued whē their Purses are emptie their heads are occupied with a thousand mischiefes to com passe a newe supply And which is most to be feared they be not so perrillous cunnyng in their practises as they are Deuillysh resolute in their Executious If they sell you their landes for money to spend riotously whē that help is past they wyl cut off your heads fyre your Houses and sacke this famous Cittie to susteine their lasciuious humoures For without speciall grace in prowd minds want can not suppresse desire to spend You haue reade the experience in the Historie of vnthriftie CATTILINE and his Confederats how he murdered the worthiest Cittezins without mercie made spoyle of their Gooddes without lawe and beseaged Roome with a shrewde daunger you are lyke to be partakers of their Afflictions vnlesse you bee more moderate in gayning of Gentlemens liuyngs and they lesse riotous in spendynge of your money When PHILIP Kyng of MACEDONS made warre vppon the PERSIANS hauing intelligence that they abounded in all maner of delicate vyandes sumptuous Garments and wastful expences he foorth with retyred his Army and said it was needelesse too make warre vpon those that within a while would cut one anothers throates And truely though PHILLIP his answere were short his iudgement was waightie for as mightie Ryuers wyll soone run drie when their noorishyng Spryngs are turned another way so wealthy Citties can not but be subuerted when euery man doth cleane contrary to his function Among the Phylosophers MAN is called MICROCOSMOS or a little worlde for that in him is figured a Modell of the glorie therof If he resemble the whole worlde it were an absurditie too make him a Figure of a wel-gouerned Cōmon-wealth a man consisteth of diuers members as head body Armes legges c. So doth a good Common-wealth of diuers estates as of a Kyng as Supreame-head and Cōmaūder of godly Prelates as the heart and nooryshers of deuine vertues of graue Iudges Maiestrates and Counsellers as the body and strength of Common prosperytie of worthy Gentlemen as the Armes hands and executioners of the Maiestrates graue pollycies of aduentrous Marchauntes as the legges and trauaylers into forreigne countreyes for their owne Countreyes cōmodytie of Plowmen and inferiour people as the feete which must run at the cōmaundement of euery other member I say where all these estates dutifully doo their Offices where the Prince doth iustly commaunde the Maiestrates aduifedly direct and inferiour Subiectes faythfully obey there where this Concorde is peace and prosperytie floorysheth in their Citties and feare pineth the enuie of their borderyng enemies On the contrary parte where the head is crowned with a Pantofle as the Sub iect of the vnconstant multitude where the passages of the heart whiche is the Organe of the Soule are fixed with the continuall exercise of sinne the Figure that the Prelates sownde Doctrine are but wordes of warnyng and no causes of amendment Where the brest
first to prison and after sorbad him to come to the Emperors pallace but onelie a foot and his copped Cappe vpon his head which fashiō was o●…elie vsed of them that were enfranc●…sed Some of the Noble-men thought the Cenfors dealt verse sharplie with Philippus considering that hee was a man of much honestie and great learning and so certefied the Emperour But the Emperour approoued their Iustice and answered If the common wealth may euermore haue such officers in short space there shall be found in Roome more men worthie to be Emperours than I at my first comming found good Senators And vndoubtedlie where the offences of the best are neuer pardoned the worst will amend for feare of extreeme vengeance The proofe appeareth in Alexanders gouernment who by the seuere executiō of the lawes so brideled the dispositions of the wicked that it may be saide they grew to be vertuous rather by custome then good inclination Yea it is written that his seueritie thus much profited As leading a great armie against Artaxerses the Persians said he had brought an armie of Senatours rather than of Soldiours when at his comming to the Empire the Senatours manie of them were as dissolute as common Soldiers And one especiall cautle hee vsed in the searche of mens behauiours hee woulde manye tymes in disguysed habyte with diuers others by hym especiallye elected take vpō him the Office of the Censors and in euery corner he had secretly suche faythfull Explorers as mens proper Houses were no Couerts for naughtie practises nor the Senat-house for partial Iudge mentes And by this Pollycie he discouered many naughtie matters besides cōmon trespasses as the Treason of Oninius the false accusation of Geminus by his Lybertines or Copyholders as also of the mortall mallice of Duillius and Gorta towardes the said Geminus In so much as the people seyng nothyng that was euyl could escape his vengeāce al men indeuored to do well to purchase his fauour THE most Noble and prudent Kynge Kynge HENRY the seuenth the Queenes most excellent Maiesties Graundfather and Roote of Englandes happinesse was a true imitator of this most worthy Emperours gouernmēt by whose singular wisdome England which at the beginning of his Raigne was a deformed and decreped Commonwealthe by reason of the longe tyme of the Cyuylwarres which durynge syx Kinges Raignes made barrayne feildes and fatt Churche-yardes before his deathe repossessed her Auncient ●…ertues renown and prosperytie So that it is a questiō whither this famous Realm is more bownd to eternize his glorious Memorie in regarde of his Prowesse or Pollycie when by the one he planted Peace in her bo●…elles and by the other banished warre frō the Terrytories He knew that to reforme so dis●…red ●…n estate it was more needefull to execute then to make Lawes and therfore not trustyng the corruption of common Informers who for lucre or gain attemptyng many vexations against poore men and for feare seeke to please the ritche he committed the execution of the Penall Lawes to the charge of these two worthie Coūsellers sir Richard Empson Knight and Richarde Dudley Esquier who so seuerely chastened the rich and great Offenders as they stirred the inconstant cōmunaltie after the death of the vertuous Henrie the seuenth to seeke their lyues who had their willes for feare of Commotion thease two worthie Maiestrates weare beheaded And vndoubtedly their deathes is a testimonie of as great vertue as their liues a Monument of Iustice for the multitude are the mortall Enemies of their owne welfare and frendes and followers of their owne confusion One said to Antisthenes The people speaketh much good of you Why saide he what hurt haue I done As who should say they seldome praise but suche as do euil No Ethnicke deserued to lyue better then Socrates yet the people would haue hym dead The Athenians had a Lawe euerie yeare by the most voyces of the people for ten yeares to banysh two of their principall Maiestrates On a tyme a poore man came with a white Paper in his hande to Aristides the iust and willed him to write Banish Aristides Why quoth he doest thou know Aristides No quoth the o●…er Hath Aristides done thee or any of thy friendes hurte Neither quoth he but I wyll haue Aristides banished The worthy Scipio was banished by the people whome he oft had saued I omyt Themistocles Photion many mo whome Histories record to shewe the light Iudgementes of Cōmons Danté the Italian Poet saithful truely of them it is seldome seene that the people crye not Viua la mia morte innoia la mia vita Let liue my death let die my lyfe Yea those great estates that seek to please the people for the most parte haue had the endes of enemies to their Countrey When Cicero sawe that Caesar was in hye fauour with the people of Rome he cryed out It is great pitie that the affabilitie of Cesar should be the ouerthrow of the Weale-publique And truely Cicero prophesied rightly ●…or by their fauour Caesar iudged the Iudgementes of the Senate and sent the good and graue Cato to Prison whose vertues obtayned reuerence of the woorst liuers But notwithstandyng the Affections of the multitude coueiteth their owne vndoynges yet their incouragement proceedeth of greater capacyties And therfore the redy way to keepe them in awe is seuerely to punysh their Chief-taynes In all tumultes it is euidently seene that if their Captaynes yelde they ronne away if their Incouragers be dismayde they sing Peccaui do Iustice vpon the great Offenders and the meaner wyll soone amend Alexander in his Gouernment found it true who in the Execution of the Lawes made no difference of persons saue that to the inferiour people he was euermore most mercifull FINIS AN ADDITION OR TOVCHSTONE for the Time exposyng the daingerous Mischiefes that the Dicyng Howses cōmonly called Ordinarie Tables and other like Sanctuaries of Iniquitie do dayly breede Within the Bovvelles of the famous CITIE of LONDON By George Whetstones Gent. Imprinted at London by Richarde Iones The dangerous Mischiefes that the DICING-HOVSES and other lyke Sanctuaries of iniquitie do breede in the Cittie of LONDON IT is sufficiently expressed that by the vertue diligence and wisdom of the right Noble Emperour Alexander Rome the most ouglye and monsterous Common-wealth of the world so wa●… she deformed with horrible beastly vices fostered by Heliogabalus other wicked Emperours was brought vnto such perfection as she might lawfullye bee intituled The Temple of the Goddes The Fowntayne of Vertue and The Nurce of Learnyng so free was the Exercise of Pietie Iustice Temperance and all other Deuine Morall and Heroycall vertues In curyng of which daungerous Infirmyties of the Cōmon-wealth Alexander perfourmed the Offices of a skylfull Phisition and Surgion he did not ignorantly apply Medicine to the outwarde sore vntyll he had searched the inward cause He founde the outwarde woundes of the Weale-publique was Pride Prodigalytie Dicynge Drunkennesse
and could not be ended vntil the instruments bonds of debt were cancelled We need not search so farre England al other nations cary a large testimony in their own Chronicles of this fowle matter and therefore Thucidides saith not vnproperly That couetousnesse is the nurse of murther theft periurie treason all abhominations not for that couetous men practise these villanies but for that by extreme necessitie they driue men to these wicked shifts I heard a Frenche Gentleman resolue a probleme very pleasauntly and pithily An Englishman demaunded the cause That the young gentilm●…n of Fraunce flourished more than they of England considering that the one were consumed with daily warre when the other had continuall peace to strengthen them O quoth the Frenche Gentleman The quietnesse of your peace interrupteth not the deceit of your Citizens who with the feeding of your pride deuoureth your liuings when with vs the troubles of warre so feare them as to saue the sworde from their throtes they giue vs the golde in their chests Fowle fall couetousnesse and vsurie which prooueth his saying true and more grace or fewe daies happen vnto couetous wretches who with the vndooing of many in the ende vndoe themselues Socrates found that aboundance of wealth was the ouerthrowe of many common wealthes and therefore in his owne common wealth he would haue the common people poore and the rest not to haue too much saying that wealth bred pride and pride all mischiefes when pouertie brought foorth Science and all good Arts and Science all maner of earthly happinesse Thus one mischiefe draweth on an other and dyeing houses are the fountaines These wicked houses first ●…leth our young gentlemen in pride and acquainteth them with sundrie shifting companions whereof one sort couseueth him at dice and cardes an other sort consume him with lecherie an other sort by brocadge bringeth him in debt and out of credit then awayteth couetousnesse and vsurie to sease vpon his liuing and the vnciuill Sergeant vpon his libertie To ruine is thus brought the gentleman a great estate and strength of this Realme principally by the frequenting of dicing houses Let vs searc●…e deeper into this vlcer there is more f●…wle matter ●…inde we haue but yet spoken of the better sort of dicing houses which are chiefelie for intertainement of Courtiers and other Gentlemen which by reason of their attendaunce and b●…sinesse keepe no certaine houses If ordinarie ta●…les be tollerated for their necessitie wha●… warra●… haue the ordinarie table-keepers within the heart of London which are commonly called dicing houses for Citizens In euerie Citie Citiz●… haue houses of their owne haue wife children and families to care for and sure the inconuenience 〈◊〉 but be great when a man 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 owne house and the companie of hid wife and familie and dine●… at a dicing house In many 〈◊〉 gouerned common wealths Citizens ●…y especiall Lawes were forbidden to eate and drinke out of their owne houses vnlesse one neighbour inuited an other but sufferant hath brought this mischiefe to such a custome that if there were many more Citizens ordinaries they should not need to fawn vpon the inferior sort for want of companie of substantiall Citizens But before we enter further into this mischiefe the condition of the keepers of these places is to be considered for the most part the masters of the●…e houses in times past haue beene bankrouts what may be expected of men of their dispositions mary a continuance of their facultie to liue vpon the goods of other men Hither repaire al the close shifters here many notorious cousinages are smothered the masters of these houses want no guests for where carrion is crowes will be plentie and where money is sturring cheters will not be idle Yoūg citizens for the most part depend vpon their credit therfore are loath that there should be an open testimony of their vnthriftines All the better for the biting cheter Close in a chamber a cogging knaue getteth more money in an houre than many an honest man spendeth in a yere And this one thing is much to be lamented the vnthrifty citizens cōsume other mens goods who perhaps laboured painfully to get thē when gentlemen although they vndoe their posterite spend but their own goods lands The eares of the magistrate are daily ful of the breaking of yong merchants here I lay before their eies the causes therof euen these wicked ordinaries They be places vnto which magistrates come not therefore the abuses vnknowen vnto them But I think it a work of much honesty to reueale them and in the magistrate a work of more iustice to reforme them and vndoubtedly although this be true that I write the euils far more than I discouer yet in discouering of the faults faultie men I find my conscience so free from their shiftes as in writing my name to this booke I presume that no man as faultie in that part of reprehension will say Turpe est doctori cum culpa redarguit ipsum But as one that meaneth not to complaine his losses to ioyn my owne example with admonitiō I cōstantly determine to crosse the streets where these vile houses are planted to blesse me from the inticements of thē which in very deed are many the more dangerous in that they please with a vain hope of gain Insomuch on a time I heard a distemperate dicer solemly sweare that he faithfully beleeued that dice were first made of the bones of a witch cards of her skin in which there hath euer sithence remained an inchantment that whosoeuer once taketh delight in either he shall neuer haue power vtterly to leaue them for quoth he I a hundred times vowed to leaue both yet haue not the gr●…e to forsake either But for al his iudgement if Socrates alterd his natural inclination of insolencie by philosophie if the wise Vlisses could eate of the her●…●…alled Lotos 〈◊〉 yet by the pleasantnesse therof would not be inchanted to remaine in that countrie when his companions seruants forgetting their natural land coueted to remain stil in that region where that her●… grewe but only by violence they could not be brought back again to their ships if heathen men only by philosophie could master their dispositiōs christians by praier philosophy may ouercome an inticing mischiefe But vnto this possibilitie of reformation wise men are to giue light credence Olde Iudge Chomley euermore aunswered naughtie liuers that sued for mercie desiring him to regard the frailtie of young men by the bolde and vnlawful actions of his owne youth and by the testimonie of his grace good fortune and present authoritie to conceiue hope or their amendement O my friendes quoth the Iudge I tel you plainly that of twentie that in those dayes were my companions I onely escaped hanging and it is very like that some one of your fellowship is by Gods goodnesse reserued to be an