Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	call_v	country_n	part_n	5,598	4	4.1644	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A52872	A New and exact description of Moscovy (1.) containing its state antient and modern, situation, extent, latitude, division into provinces, rivers, soile, sterility, and fertility, with the commoditys, and observations on the extreamitys of weather hot and cold, (2.) of the citys and towns, fortification and manner of building ... (3.) of their religion, marriages, ... (4.) of the government ... (5.) their military affairs ... (6.) the revenues of the czar ... (7.) the succession of the royal house of Muscovy ... : the whole containing all that is necessary to be known concerning that vast empire.		1698 (1698)	Wing N541; ESTC R38883	23,009	33

in Battel He left behind him 3 Sons to wit Teropolehus Olega and Volodimir The latter supplanted the two first and took the whole Government upon him and Marry'd Anna Sister to Basilius the Eastern Emperour and with all his People in the year 988. was Baptiz'd as Historians say upon a Miracle perform'd by a Greek Bishop viz. his throwing the Book of the Gospel into the Fire and its remaining there a considerable time untouch'd by the force of that consuming Element Volodimir left behind him 11 Sons among whom he divided his Dominions but Jaroslaus one of them by reason of a division among them got the sole Government into his hands and Volodimir his Son succeeded him holding his Court at Kiow on the River Boristhenes and had great Wars much enlargeing his Borders and was the first that had the Title of CZAR or Caesar confer'd on him by Constan the Greek Emperour who sent him many Rich Gifts After him in descent were Vuszevolodus George Demetrius Then George his Son who in the year 1237 by Bathy a Tartar Prince brought Moscovy under his Subjection making it Tributary to him and the Russ say this Bathy was Father to Tamerlain whom they call Temirkutla Then succeeded Iaroslaus Brother of George and to him Alexander his Son Then Daniel his Son who first made Moscow his Royal Seat builded the Castle and took on him the Title of great Duke and was succeeded by John his Son Sirnam'd Kaleta or Scrip as the word signifies because he usually carryed one about him and dealt his Alms out of it to the poor He left the Government to John his Brother and John left it to Demetrius his Son who had two Sons Basilius and George The first Reigning had a Son but doubting his Legitimacy by reason of his Wives Incontinency he left his Brother to succeed him But George dying prefered his Nephew whose Name was Basilius before his own Sons Andrew and Demetrius which occasion'd much disturbance in the State for they wared on their Couzen took him and put out his Eyes yet the Nobles kept their Allegiance and John Vasilwich his Son succeeded him This was he who by his Prudence and Valour first brought the Name of his Country out of obscurity and made it Renown'd in Europe and Asia Stileing himself great Duke of Volodimir Moscovy Novogrod and CZAR of all Russia he won Plosco the then only Wall'd City in all Moscovy and shook off the Tartar Yoke doing many other brave Exploits so that the Poles and bordering Nations on either side courted his Friendship Gabriel his Son succeeded him who changed his Name to Basilius he recover'd a great part of Moscovy from Vitoldus Duke of Lithuania won Smolensko and many other Citys Anno. 1514. Iuan Vasiliwich his Son a Child succeeded him but growing up he stript the Tartars out of the Kingdoms of Cazan and Astracan and took the Princes Captive he made vigorous Wars in Livonia pretending a Right to that Country by Inheritance and did many other admirable things but enclining much to oppress his Nobles they conspir'd and call'd in the Cri n Tartars who committed great Outrages Besieged and burnt the City of Moscow and in it about 80000 people perish'd mostly by the Flames This Prince Reign'd 54 years he had 3 Sons in his Reign the English came the first time by Sea into the North parts of Russia his Eldest Son dyed before him Pheodor his Second Son succeeding he was being a Minor left under the Tuition of Boris Brother to the Empress and Boris by the Deceased's Will adopted third Son to him and here once for all it will not be amiss to give a brief account of the Ceremony in Crowning this great CZAR Forty days Mourning for his Father expir'd he came from his Pallace attended by his Clergy and Nobility to the Church of Blaueshin or Blessedness and hearing Service there proceeded to the Church of St Michael then to that of our Lady being the Cathedral There he was plac'd in a Chair of State his Robe of Gold-Smiths Work all Gold set with Pretious Stones and Pearl The Imperial Crown was then plac'd on his head by the Metropolitan who in doing it Read Exhortations to him of Justice and Peaceable Government Then rising he was Invested with another Robe much Richer than the former his Train born up by 6 Dukes the Staff he held was of a Vnicorns-horn 3 foot and a half long curiously Polish'd and set with Precious Stones a Globe and 6 Crowns were carry'd before him by Princes of the Blood His Horse waited at the Church door covered with an Embrodery of Pearl and the Saddle suitable to the value of 3000 Rubbles There was a kind of Bridge made 3 ways 150 Fathom in length 3 foot high and 2 Fathom broad whereon the CZAR with his Train passed from one Church to another above the vast throng of People The Churches were spread with Cloath of Gold and the Porches with Red Velvet The Bridges with Scarlet and Flannel Cloath which the People got among them when the CZAR had passed and a great many new Coins of Gold and Silver were thrown among them from the Church the Cerimony ended he return'd to the Parliament-House where a stately Banquet after the Russ manner was served up by Noblemen in Plate of Gold and Silver 2 standing on either side his Chair with Battle Axes of Gold This Triumph lasted a Week with many Shows and Pastimes after which Election was made of the Nobles to new Offices and Dignities and all concluded with a peal of 170 Brass Ordinance and 20000 Harquibusses twice discharged as he pass'd with a Train of about 50000 to his Pallace This CZAR Conquer'd the large Country of Siberia and took the King Prisoner overawing the Tartars and doing many other great matters But Boris his Guardian aspiring to the Throne by Treatchery first made away Demetrius the CZAR's Brother and then the CZAR himself and usurp'd the Royal Seat But a Counterfit Demetrius set up by the Poles Invading Moscovy and every where prevailing Boris as 't is thought Poisoned himself for after a full Meal he dyed suddainly in his Pallace and his Wife drinking Poison made her Son and Daughter pledge her of which she and the former dyed but the latter only lightly sipping recover'd Demetrius Evonowich hereupon was Proclaim'd and Crown'd and kept about him Polish-Guards for his securety but had a short and troublesome Reign for being suspected an Imposture the Moscovites Conspired against him rushed into his Pallace before break of day draged him out of his Bed and Slew him with many of his Guards and Favorits To him Succeeded Vasily Evanowich Shusky who had been mainly Instrumental in his destruction and had not long before been at the Block for reporting to have seen the True Demetrius Bury'd but he was recall'd by him he depos'd and advanc'd to be the Instrument of his Ruin It 's reported the Impostor's True Name was Gryfcha the Son

not exceeding our Small Beer which many Drink The Women are mostly of Gross Bodies and not so comely as in many European Countrys Wherefore knowing their Natural Defect to be the more B●lov'd of their Husbands they use Art to mend their Co●●●exions but their Paint and Washes are easily discern'd bu● 〈◊〉 being the Fashion it is rather Commended than Reprov'd ●●d the Husbands Allow their Wives and Daughters a comp●●●●● to buy Red and White Colours to this purpose but th●● 〈◊〉 the heat of their Stoves which are almost in every House much drys and wrinkles them making them look old before they arrive to it and for their Health or rather to preserve it they use Bath-stoves or Hot-Houses commonly twice a week Their Houses by heating their Peaches which are made like German Bath-stoves and their Potlads like Ovens are never without a considerable heat though many times they will come out of them Sweating and sometimes plundge into the Water when they are foaming-hot which would certainly kill any but those that have Innur'd their Bodies to the two extreameties of Heat and Cold which few or no other Nations do equal to them As for their Habits they are generally after the Greek Fashion The better sort go decently and very Richly clad and their Habit in some measure shows a distinction of degrees by some or other little variation They shave their heads close unless fallen under the Princes displeasure and then let the hair grow as a Mark of dejectedness or Sorrow so to have offended as to be out of favour but their Garments differ in Stuffs though little in fashion the Women affect Rich ones as well as the Men as Cloath Rich Furs Silks Cloath of Gold or Interwoven with it and usually down to their Ancles or Heels though their Summer Garments are much lighter than those they wear in Winter the latter being always well lin'd with costly Furs as Black Fox Ermin Martin Grey Squirel c. of which Creatures and many others yeilding Furs they have abundance in the several Provinces But the Mousic and his Wife go meanly clad yet will not be out of Court Fashion as near as may be their upper Garments are Course Cloath and their under ones perhaps Sheeps Skin with the Wool on though so dress'd that they are very warm and plyable but this is for Winter for in the Summer the Man goes in his Shirt and the Woman in a Linnen Garment called two Shirts Thus as I hope having given a Satisfatory account of this matter I proceed to others CHAP. IV. Of the Goverment of the Provinces and Shires The Courts of Judicature Their Jurisdictions and the manner of Proceeding in them Of the Chief Assembly or Parliament Their Justice c. HAving proceeded thus far in Generals and Particulars Relateing to Moscovy I now come more closely to the latter as to what remains more Materialy to be discover'd and first of the Government of the Provinces and Shires of this large Dominion They are properly divided into four parts which they call Chetfirds or Tetrearchies every part contains divers Shires and is anex'd to the several Offices from whence it derives the Name The First beareth the name of Pososkoy Chetfird or the Jurisdiction of the Office of Ambassages and the standing Salary to the Officer is yearly 100 Rubbles or Marks beside great advantages accruing The Second is called Roseradney Chetfird because it is proper to the Roserade or High Constable who has a like Sallary with the former The Third is Pomeslenoy Chetfird as appartaining to that Office and here is kept a Register of all the Lands given by the Prince for service to his Noblemen Gentlemen and others This Office giveth out and taketh in all the Assurances for them and the Chief Officer has 500 Rubbles per Annum The Fourth is called Cassanskoy-deworets as being apropriated to the Office which has the Jurisdiction of the Kingdoms of Astracan and Cazan with the Cities and Towns lying on the Volga and is stipen'd at 150 Rubbles per Annum and from the Jurisdiction of th●●● Offices but a very few places are priveledg'd or exempted except the CZAR's Inheritance or Vochin as they call it for that it pertained from antient time to the House of Beala This standeth of 36 Towns with their Bounds or Teritories and some other particular Royaltie These great Officers reside at Court and carry their Offices with them where-ever they go They receive all Complaints and Actions that are brought out of the several Chetfirds and Quarters to exhibit them to the CZAR's Council and send back and to send direction to those that officiate under them in the Provinces for all matters given in charge by the Prince or his Council to be done or put in Execution within their precincts and each of the Dukes of lower Nobility in head Towns hath in Commission with him a Dyack or Secretary to assist and advise him the better to Regulate and order matters as they fall out and are directed and their Commission is to this Effect viz. 1. To Hear and determine all Civil matters between Man and Man and to that purpose have under them many Substitute Officers 2. They have Cognizance of all Criminal matters as Theft Murther Treason c. but there lyes an Appeal from them to the CZAR's Council and though they take the Evidence in this case they must draw up the Evidence and Information of the cause and send it ready digested to the Officer of the Chetfird whereunto the Province belongs by whom it is prefered and propounded to the Council for they are not to determine Criminal matters or do Execution on the offender without the Councils order 3. If within the Province there be any publick Service requir'd as the Publishing of a Law or Common Order by way of Proclamation Mustering Soldiers Collecting Taxes or Impositions c. it is proper to them These Dukes and Dyacks are appointed by the CZAR but for a year and then at his pleasure he may change them which is usually done unless by Merrit or Intercession any are continu'd Longer and though their highest Sallary is but 100 Rubbles per Annum yet coming bare into these places in one year they very much inrich themselves For ordinary matters there are many other ●fficers that hold Inferiour Courts and otherways look after ●●e affair not much differing in the main from what is practic'd in England so that the Provinces are carefully regarded and known Bribery is severly punished As for the Courts of Civil Justice in Moscovy for matters of Contract and others of like sort beside the former they are of three kinds and by way of Appeal one is subjected to the other the lowest of these appointed for the Ease of the Subject is the Office of the Gubnoy Starust which signifies in their Language an Alderman and of the Solsky Starust or Baylif of the Soak or Hundred these have power to determine matters within their Soaks

if there be no Wars they are to make their Appearance on the Tartar Frontiers so there seldom fails of being 80000 a few more or less when they are requir'd to take the Field and greater Forces are speedily Raised on any occasion out of the supernumerary Sinabojarsky that are not in Pay till call'd upon necessary occasions and all willingly flock to the Regal Standard upon the first Notice and if a competent number be wanting the Noblemen that hold Lands of the Crown are to make them up with their Servants and Tenants call'd Colophey which when the Service is over lay down their Weapons and return to their Servil Occupations Over and above the Horsemen mention'd there are seldom less than 12000 Foot in Pay that bear Fire-Arms or Gunners called Strelseys and these are appointed to their several Posts some to Guard the City of Mosco and the Pallace others are dispos'd of in Garrisons till there be further occasion for them There are likewise in his Service a competent number of Strangers and these are Europeans of divers Nations being chiefly employ'd against the Tartars The Commanders in Chief of these Great Forces are the Voyavod Bulshaia Great Captain or Lieutenant-General under the CZAR usually chosen out of the Four Houses of the Chief Nobility he has joyn'd with him Lieutenant Generals of great Experience Beside there are Four Officers that have the Marshaling of the Army divided among them call'd Marshals of the Field every one hath his Quarters or fourth part The first is call'd Prava Polskoy or the Right-wing the second is Levoy Polskoy or the Left-wing The third Rusnoy Polskoy or the broken Band because there are Detachments made from it on any necessary occasion The fourth Storeshovoy or the Warding Band These have each Two Marshals under them who are to Muster and Train the Soldiers and do Justice on Offendors and these are commonly chosen out of the 110 I have before mention'd They receive and deliver Pay to the Army under them are the Gulavoy or Captains of Thousands Five hundreds and Hundreds The Petydesetskoy or Captains of Fifty and the Decetskiss or Captains of Tens There are beside the Lieutenant-General two other Voiavods one Master of the Ordinance who hath divers under-Officers necessary for the Service and the Walking-Captain or Scouts-Master who has under him 1000 Expert Horsemen to go out on Parties and Spy the Enemy so that a Moscovite Army appears very Formidable And indeed they have done many brave Exploits they have lately taken Asoph a very Important place and the last Year in a Set-Battel Overthrown and Ruin'd a Great Army of Turks and Tartars going compleatly Armed and well understanding the use of Fire-Arms Whereas formerly their Weapons were but slight mostly Bows and Arrows Marching in good Order more than ever as having learn'd the Art of War more perfectly from the Poles and other Neighbouring Nations They also Encamp Entrench and Lodg Advantageously being very patient of Hunger Thirst and Cold Obedient to their Officers and Ready to Charge the Enemy on all occasions They had in use a Moving Castle as they call it which mainly defended them against the Tartars Arrows and gave them a more secure Opportunity to Offend their Enemies This was Fram'd Wood carry'd on Numerous Carts which upon Occasion was easily put together and made a Standing Wall of Seven Miles or as few as they thought fit with Loopholes in it to discharge their Shot or dart their Arrows but I am not well assur'd whether they have so cumbersome a Machin now in use or not for it is little or no defence against Great Artillery which the Turks Assisting the Tartars use The Muscovites are very Expert at Defending Garrisons and are accounted there better Soldiers than in the Field however by their Wars they have greatly Enlarg'd their Borders almost on all sides them Especially since they have entertain'd Expert Officers of divers Warlike Nations who have by their Experience and Valorous Examples Cultivated and Animated the Soldiery but not too tediously to dwell on this Particular I 'll now proceed to other Matters as worthy of Note so that taking altogether I cannot doubt but I shall give the Reader all the Reasonable Satisfaction he can desire of a Country that but a few Ages past we were in a manner Ingorant of CHAP. VI. Some Account of the Vast Revenues of the CZAR by Customs and other ways arising The Coine Weights Measures and other matters Relating to Trade The strange sorts of Fish Beasts Fowl and other Rarities of Moscovy THe Customs and Revenues that Maintain so Great a Charge in War and Peace are very considerable and by a few one may guess at the rest That at Moscow amounted to 12000 Rubbles Yearly Smolensko 8000 Vobsko 12000 Novogrod-Velica 6000 Sturrarouse by Salt and other Commodities 18000 Torshock 800 Otfer 700 Yaruslave 1200 Costrome 1800 Nisna Novogrod 7000 Casa 11000 Vologda 12000 A Rubble is a Mark English And thus stands the Antient Account since the stating of which Trade is greatly encreas'd Besides this the Province of Volsko pays yearly for Tagla and Podat 18000 Rubbles Novogrod 35000 Torshock and Otser 8000 Razan 3000 Morum 12000 Colmigroe and Duyna 8000 Vologda 12000 Cuzan 28000 Vstiuga 30000 Rostove 50000. The City of Mosco 40000 Siberskoy 20000 Castrome 12000. The former in the Citys are for Custom and these latter viz. The Tagla is a Yearly Imposition raised on every Wite or Measure of Grain within the Provinces gather'd by Shozen-men a Wite contains 60 Chetfrids every Chetfrid is Three Bushels English or little less The Podat is an ordinary Rent impos'd on every Hundred There comes in a Vast Sum Yearly by the Vochin or Crown-lands The CZAR's Inheritance containing 36 Large Towns with their Territories or Hundreds belonging and a vast quantity of other Lands that bring great Incomes to the Crown The Tithes of Furs and Customs on Goods of Strangers by Navigation or otherways very much Encrease the Revenue beside other things and ways to Raise Money too Numerous to mention and for these there are Offices and Officers respectively appointed who have considerable Salarys so that the Riches of this Large Northern Kingdom appears very great and the Princes Vast Revenues very difficult to be Summ'd up And since I am come to this part of Relation I shall speak briefly of the Coine Weights and Measures that are so necessary in Trade and vary so much from ours that so Merchants and Travellers may the better understand them when their Occasions or Curiosity shall make them useful The Merchants Accounts are kept at Moscow the chief City divers ways as by those of England in Rubbles and Pence call'd by the Moscovites Muscofskins two hundred of them going to a Rubble The Duthby Grevens and Muscofskins 20 of the latter going to the former so 10 Grevens make the Rubble which is held an imaginary Coine for the Currant Mony is the Capeck worth a Stiver Flemish and