of mankind very eloquent warlike and temperate he pleaded Causes in Latin and made Greek Poems and Tragedies At the Siege of Jerusalem fighting under his Father he kill'd twelve men upon the Walls with twelve strokes of his Darts he was so civil in his government at Rome that none ever was punished he pardoned those to that degree convicted of Conspiracies against him that he treated them with the same freedom as before he was one of so great easiness and liberality that he could deny nothing to any man and when he was reprehended by his friends he answered that no man ought to depart with a sad countenance from the Emperor wherefore once at Supper remembring he had given nothing that day to any one he said O my friends I have lost this day he built the Amphitheater at Rome and kill'd five thonsand Wild Beasts at its dedication Hence being beloved with unusual kindness he died in the same house his Father did after he had reigned two years eight months and twenty days in the one and fortieth year of his age When he was dead the publick mourning was so great that all grieved as if they had been fatherless The Senate having heard of his death in the evening assembled with all hast in the Senate-House the same night and render'd him being dead so many thanks and praises as never to any Emperor in his presence or in his life time consecrating him amongst the Gods Then Domitian reigned his younger Brother more like Nero Caligula or Tiberius than his Father or Brother yet he governed soberly for his first years soon after falling into the great vices of Lust Anger Cruelty and Covetousness he made himself so hated that he abolished the merits of his Father and Brother he killed the noblest of the Senate and commanded himself to be stiled Lord and God he would suffer no Statue to be erected in the Capitol for him but of Silver and Gold he kill'd his Kinsmen and his pride was execrable he made four Expeditions one in Sarmatia another against the Catti and two against the Daci he triumphed twice over the Daci and the Catti and wore a Laurel for the Sarmatians he suffered many losses in these Wars for his Legions were kill'd in Sarmatia with their General and the Daci cut off Appius Sabinus a Consular man and C. Fuscus Captain of the Guards with their great Armies he built many places at Rome as the Capitol the Forum called Transitorium the Musick Room the Portico's of Isis and Serapis and the Stadium but when he began to be hated by all for his wickedness he was slain in the Palace by a conspiracy of his Servants in the five and fortieth year of his age and fifteenth of his Reign His Corps were carried out by the Bearers with great disgrace and buried scandalously The Eighth Book OF EVTROPIVS The Reign of Nerva Trajan Adrian Antoninus Pius Antoninus Philosophus Commodus Pertinax Julianus Severus Caracalla Madrinus Heliogabalus and Alexander Severus with the most considerable passages From V. C. 850 to 987. By Mr. Robert Ingram IN the eight hundred and fiftieth year from the building of Rome in the Consul ship of Vetus and Valens the Commonwealth was re-stated in a most prosperous condition by being happily committed to the government of good Emperors Nerva succeeded Domitian that cruel Tyrant a Man moderate in his private life valiant and of the middle rank of Nobility who when he was very old by the help of Petronius Secundus the Captain of the Guards and Parthenius who slew Domitian being made Emperour carry'd himself most justly and civily and consulted the good of the Commonwealth with a Divine foresight in adopting Trajan He died at Rome having reign'd sixteen months and eight days in the seventy first year of his age and was consecrated a God After him came Vlpius Trajanus Crinitus born at Italica a City of Spain of a Family more ancient than noble for his Father was the first Consul Trajan being made Emperour at Agrippina a City of Gaul govern'd the Commonwealth so well that he was deservedly profer'd before all other Princes he was of extraordinary civility and valour and extended the bounds of the Roman Empire both far and wide which after the time of Augustus was rather defended than honourably increas'd he repair'd many Cities in Germany on the other side of the Rhine and having overcome Decibalus conquer'd Dacia making that part a Province beyond the Danube which now belongs to the Taiphali Victophali and the Thervingi about one thousand miles in compass he also retook Armenia which the Parthians had seiz'd having kill'd Pharnaces the Syrian who govern'd it He gave a King to the Albani and took under his protection the Kings of the Iberi the Sauromatae the Bosphorani the Arabians the Osroeni and the Colchi and seiz'd upon the Adiabeni and Marchomedi with a great Country of Persia call'd Anthemisius he took the City Seleucia Ctesiphon Babylon and Edessa and conquer'd even unto India at last he came up to the Red Sea and there made three Provinces Armenia Assyria and Mesopotamia with the Nations bordering upon Macedena reducing Arabia to the same form of government he setled a Fleet in the Red Sea to wast the coasts of India Yet he surpass'd his Military Fame with civility and moderation equalizing himself to all at Rome and through the Provinces He oftentimes went to visit his Friends either when they were sick or upon festival Days and without any distinction kept mutual Feasts among them going abroad with them in their Litters he never injur'd any of the Senators nor did any unjust thing to encrease his Exchequer he was liberal to all Men and both publickly and privately enrich'd with Money and Honours even them with whom he was but indifferently acquainted he built many places all over the World and granted great priviledges to Cities he acted all things so peaceably and quietly that all the time he reign'd but one Senator was condemn'd and he by an Order of the Senate unknown to Trajan For this reason most resembling a God both alive and dead he deserv'd to be worship'd all over the World Among other sayings of his this is much esteem'd when his friends blam'd him that he was too kind to all Men he answered he did to them as he should wish Emperours to do to him if he himself was a Subject After he had obtain'd great honour both at home and abroad as he was returning from Persia he dy'd of the Flux at Seleucia a City of Isauria in the sixty second year ninth month and fourth day of his age and of his Reign the nineteenth year sixth month and fifteenth day he was made a God and of all other Emperours was buried within the City his bones were put in a golden Urn and placed under a Pillar in the Forum which he himself had made which Pillar was one hundred forty four feet high So great respect is paid to
was liberal towards his friends but not so careful as it became so great a Prince for there were some who would wound his honor he was very just to the Natives of the Provinces and eased them from Taxes as much as could be he was courteous to all men but took little care of his Exchequer very ambitious of glory which oftentimes transported his mind he was too great a Persecutor of the Christians yet so as he abstained from putting any to death he was not unlike M. Antoninus whom he endeavoured to imitate After Julian Jovian who at that time was one of the Guard was elected Emperor by the Soldiers more eminent by his Fathers commendation than by his own who through the disorder of his affairs and the want of provision in the Army when he was overcome in several Battels by the Persians made a necessary tho an ignoble peace with King Sapores being forced to diminish the Confines and to part with some of the Roman Empire which in eleven hundred and eighteen years from the building of Rome never hapned till his time I confess our Legions were made slaves at the Town Caudium by Pontius Telesinus in Spain also at Numantia and in Numidia yet no part of the Empire was surrendred This condition of Peace ought not altogether to have been blamed if Jovian would have broke the necessity of his League when it was fresh and in force as the Romans have done in all these Wars that I have given an account of for War was forthwith brought upon the Samnites the Numantians and the Numidians neither was there any Peace ratified But he staying in the East and fearing one that would rival him in his Empire little consulted his own honor wherefore in his march to Illyricum he suddenly died in the Confines of Galatia he was a man neither unactive nor imprudent Many snppose he died of a Surfeit for he loved to indulge Feasting at Supper others of the small of his Bed-chamber which coming from the fresh plaistering of the Wall was dangerous to such that lie there some think he died by the fume of too many coals which he commanded to be burnt it being very cold He died in the seventh month of his Reign on the fourteenth of the Kalends of March and as they who speak most probably in the three and thirtieth year of his age and by the kindness of his Successors was deified for he was inclined to civility and very liberal in his nature This was the state of the Roman Empire when this Jovian and Varronianus were Consuls in the eleven hundred and 19th year after the building of Rome But since I am come to famous and venerable Princes I will put an end to my work for I must speak of what remains in a more lofty stile which I do not at this time so much omit as reserve to be written more accurately A Geograpical INDEX To explain the names of the People Countrys Citys Rivers and Hills mentioned by Eutropius A. A Chaia largely taken is Hellas or Greece but strictly part of the Peloponnesus about Corinth Actium a City of Epirus on the Sea Shore and called Nicopolis in memory of Augustus's Victory over Mark Anthony and Cleopatra Adiabeni the people of Adiabene a Country of Assyria Aegypt a Country in Africa anciently divided by Mela into two parts the lower Delta the upper Thebais Famous for the invention of Arts and Physick Astronomy Husbandry c. It is bounded on the East with the Red-Sea on the West with Cyrene on the North with the Mediterranean-Sea on the South with Aethiopia Aemus or Haemus the greatest Hill of Thrace called now Balkan Aequi a People of Latium in Italy now called Campagna di Roma Aetoli a People of Greece between Acarnania and Phocis Africa one of the four parts of the World it is a Peninsula joyned to Asia by an Isthmus of sixty miles long Agrigentum the Town Gergento on the Hill Agragas in Sicily Agrippina now called Cologne a famous City of the Lower Germany upon the Rhine so called from Agrippina the Empress and Wife of Claudius Albani the People of Albania between Iberia and the Caspian-Sea Albis a River it runs through the midst of Germany called the Elb and falls into the Sea near Hamborough it has its name from Halb that is half Alexandria the name of many Citys but here in Aegypt now called Scanderia built by Alexander the Great Alexandrini the People of Alexandria Algidus a Hill 12 miles from Rome with the Town Algidum built upon it Allia a River of the Sabins in Italy flowing into the Tiber supposed now to be Rio de Mosso famous for the Slaughter of the 300. Fabij Almans a People of Germany near to Rhaetia heretofore inhabiting in Suevia now all the Germans are called Almans Altinum a Town of the Lower Pannonia now Hungary called Tolna Ambrones a People of France where Ambrun is now tho Cluverius makes them some of the Helvetii The Alps high Mountains which part Italy from Germany and France Anio a River of the Sabin's flowing into the Tyber three miles from Rome now called Teverone Antemnates the People of the City Antemnae in Italy Anthemisius a Country of Persia Antiochia Antioch a great City of Syria this is the City where men were first named Christians Apollonia a name of many Citys 1. in Macedonia 2. in Asia 3. in Thrace Apulia a Country in Italy it is now called Puglia it is divided into two parts the one is called Puglia Piana or Daunia the other Peucetia or Terra di Barri Aquileia a City of Italy not far from Venice Aquitania the third part of France now called Guienne one side bordering on the Ocean-Sea on the West it hath Spain on the North the Province of Lyons and on the South Narbone Arabia a Country of Asia so called between Judea and Aegypt It is divided into three parts Arabia the Stony Arabia the Desert and Arabia the Happy Ardea once a City of Italy twenty miles from Rome Argentoratum a City of Alsatia it is now called Strasburg Argos a Country and a City in the Peloponnese Ariminum a City of Italy by the River Rubico cow called Rimini Armenia now called Turcomania a Country of Asia divided into two parts the greater and the less the greater hath on the West Cappadocia on the East part of the Hyrcane-Sea on the South Mesopotamia the Less hath on the North and West a part of Cappadocia on the East Euphrates on the South Taurus Armorica Bretagne in France so called by Caesar Arverni a People of France by the River Loire this Province is called Auvergne Asia the third part of the World divided into two parts the Greater and the Lesser the Greater is parted from Europe by Tanais and from Africa by Nilus The Lesser is now under the power of the Turks and called Natolia Assyria a Country in Asia on the East it hath Media on the West Mesopotamia on the
North Armenia the Less and on the South Susiana Atella a Town of Campania Athenians the People of the City of Athens now called Setines famous for an University built on the Sea-Coast in Attica first by Cecrops and called Cecropia Aventinus one of th seven Hills of Rome Now M. di S. Sabina B. BAbylon a noble City in Chaldea anciently famous for its Brick-Walls built by Semiramis in height 300 foot in bredth 75. the River Euphrates passed through the midst of it It is now called Bagdet Basternae a People of Sarmatia in Europe in the Kingdom of Poland near the Euxine Sea Barbaria a Country in Africa it is divided into four Kingdoms Tunis Algiers Fess and Morocco and it lies all along the Africk Shore from the Streights of Gibraltar to Aegypt Bebriacum a Village in Italy between Cremona and Verona where Vitellius worsted Otho it is now called by the Italians la Bina Belgica the low-Low-Countrey or Neatherlands it containeth seventeen Provinces Beneventum a Town of the Hirpini now in the Kingdom of Naples built by Diomedes it was called Maleventum untill a Colony of Romans was brought there and for good lucks sake it was called Beneventum Berenice a Maritime City of Cyrene another in Aegypt both built by Ptolomy in honour of his Wife Bessi People of Thrace by the River Strymon famous for Theft and Robbery Bithynia a Countrey of Asia the Less next to Troas by Solinus it was called Bebrycia afterwards Mygdonia now 't is called Bursia and Becsanguil by the Turks Manili Bononia Bulloign a City of France in Picardy Bosphorani a People of Sarmatia nigh the Bosphorus Cimmerius Britannia the Isle of Britanny containing England Scotland and Wales it is 800. Miles long the whole Compass 1836 miles It hath on the East the German Sea on the West the Irish on the North the Scottish on the South it is divided by a narrow Sea from Gallia Belgica Brundusini the People of Brundusium now called Brindisi it is a City of Calabria by the Adriatick Sea which hath been a very commodious Haven whence was their usual Passage into Greece Brutij a People in the farthest part of Italy beyond the Lucani over against Sicily whose Kingdom is now called Calabria Burdegala Burdeaux in Guienne in France an Arch-Bishops Seat Byzantium a City of Thrace built by Pausanias a Spartan Captain it was called Ligos afterwards Nova Roma in the time of Severus and being enlarged and made the head of the Oriental Empire in the time of Constantine it was called Constantinople it is now under the power of the Turks being won by Mahomet the Second and it is called Stambol here is the Seat of the Grand-Seignior C. CAbira a City of Asia the Less in Paphligonia Callaeci a People of Lusitania or now rather Gallicia Campania a Champian Country of Italy in the Realm of Naples now called Terra di Lavoro Cannae a pitiful Village in Apulia famous for a great Overthrow which Hannibal gave the Romans there where were slain 40000. and among them such a number of Gentry that he sent three bushels full of Rings to Carthage Capitolium the Capitol a strong Castle of Rome built on one of the seven Hills of Rome of that Name Cappadocia a Country in Asia the Less it is otherwise called Leucosyria Almasia or Geneck and anciently Moga Capua a famous City of Campania not far from Naples Carnuntum a City of the Upper Pannonia now St. Petronel. Carpi a People of Salmatia Europoea Carrae a City in Mesopotamia by the Hebrews Charan now Heren Here Abraham dwelt and it was here that Crassus the Roman with his whole Army was Routed so miserably by the Parthians Carthago a famous City of Africa built by Dido after the Temple of Solomon 135 years and before the building of Rome 133. in the year of the destruction of Troy 300. now called Tunis Catalauni the People of a Country in Spain belonging to the Kingdom of Arragon Catanenses the People of Catana now Catania lying between Messina and Syracuse Catti People of Germany now under the Langrave of Hessen Celtiberia a Country in Spain lying near the River Iberus in the Countrey of Biscay Chalcedon a City in Bithynia where the fourth General Council was held before Christ 453. to refute the Heresie of Nestorius it is otherwise called Computa and of late time Calcitiu and Caulina Cilicia a Countrey in the Lesser Asia where St. Paul was born it is now called Caramania and Fenichia Cimbri a People of Denmark and Holstein Circessunt a Castle of the Romans not far from Euphrates Clypea a Maritime City of Africa Coelius one of the Seven Hills of Rome now M. di S. Giovanni Laterano Caeninenses the People of the Town Caenina in Italy Colchis a Countrey by the Euxine Sea in Asia near Pontus having on the North the Hill Corax being a part of Taurus on the East Iberia on the South Phasis it is now Mengrelia and Laxia Colchi the People of Colehis Concordia a City of the Carni by Aquileia also a City in Germany called Kochersberg Constantinople a City in Thrace called the Port by the Turks Stambol it is the Seat of the Grand Seignior Corinth a famous and rich City of Achaia placed in the Isthmus going into Morea Corsica an Isle in the Ligustick Sea about six miles from Sardinia 't is in compass 300 miles it is now under the City of Genoa Creta the Isle called Candia situated in the mouth of the Aegean Sea between Rhodes and Peloponnesus the breadth of it is fifty miles the length 279. Crustumii a People of Thuscia nigh the Veii in Italy Ctesiphon a Town of Assyria called Calamio or Calaneth Cyrene a Province of Libya between Mareotis and Zeugitana Cyzicus a large City of Mysia in the Lesser Asia by the Propontis D. DAcia a Country beyond Hungary and the Danow 't is now divided into Transylvania which was called Dacia Mediterranea and Valachia called the Hilly Dacia and Moldavia Daci the People of Dacia Dalmatae People of Dalmatia Dalmatia part of Illyricum now called Sclavonia lying between Croatia Bosnia Servia and the Adriatick Sea Danubius the Danow the greatest River in Europe as it passes by Illyricum it changes its name and is called Ister it receives into it sixty more Rivers and arises in the lowest side of Germany out of the Hill Arnoba and runs into the Euxine Sea Dardania the City of Troy in Phrygia in Asia the Less built by King Dardanus Dodonae a City of Chaonia or Molossia now called Larta or Janna and by the Turks under whose Government it is Arbanos E. EBoracum a City in the Kingdom of England called York Edessa a City of Syria Edessi the People of Edessa Ephesus a City in Ionia built by the Amazons as Justin says and called by Lysimachus who removed it to where it now stands after his Wife's name Arsinoe but now Figena or Efeso famous for the Temple of Diana one of the seven
Wonders of the World which was burned by Erostratus the same night that Alexander was born Epirus a Country in Greece 't was called by the Ancients Chaonia and Molossia now Larta and Chimera 't is under the Turks and by some called Albania inferior Esquilinus one of the seven Hills of Rome Eumenia a City of Phrygia built by Eumenes from whom it took its name Euphrates a River of Mesopotamia rising out of Niphatis a Hill of Armenia one of the Rivers that come out of Paradise it passes through Babylon and now called Aferat or Frat. Europa Europe one of the four parts of the World and most considerable for Arts and Arms so called from Europa the Daughter of Agenor King of Tyre F. FAlisci a People of Tuscany in Italy subdued by Camillus the Consul Fidenae a City of Latium a Province of Italy now called St. Peters Patrimony G. GAbii a City of the Volscians twelve miles from Rome in the way to Praeneste now called Campo Gabio Galatia or Gallograecia a Country in Asia the Less lying between Paphlagonia Pontus and Cappadocia whereof Dejotarus for whom Tully did make an Oration was King 't is now called Chiangare and by the Turks Gelas. Gallia now called France it is bounded with the English Aquitane and Mediterranean Seas the Pyrenean Hills and the Alps. Galli the People of Gallia now called the French Germania Germany a most large Country in Europe having on the West the River Rhine on the North the Baltick Ocean on the South-West the Danow 't is divided into ten Circles and Governed by the Emperor and seven Electoral Princes with other Dukes and Petty Princes Germani Germans the People of Germany Gothi a people of the Lower Scythia in the Northern part of Europe they did Wast and Depopulate a great part of Europe Graecia a famous Eastern Province of Europe the Nurse of Valour and Learning H. HElvetii the People of Helvetia now called Switzers Heraclea a City in Thrace betwixt Stanbol and Galliopolis once called Perinthus Hierosolyma Jerusalem called also Salem and by the Poets Solyma the chief City of the Holy Land indeed once of the whole World 't was also called Aelia from Aelius Adrianus The Turks who have it now in possession call it Chutz or Gots Hispania the Country of Spain by the Ancients called Iberia 't is environ'd with the Mediterranian the Ocean and Cantabrian Seas except towards France from which 't is sever'd by the Pyrenean Hills I. Janiculum a Castle upon the Hill Janiculus one of the four Hills of Rome called from the God Janus now Montorio Iberi a People of Spain which was called Iberia either from King Iberus or from the River Iberus Illyricum the Country called Sclavonia or Wedenland having on the North Pannonia on the West Istria on the East Mysia Superior and on the South the Adriatick Sea India a large Country of Asia call'd by the Natives Indostan 't is bounded on the East with China on the North with Tartary on the West with Persia and on the South with the Indian Sea Interamna and Italian City in Vmbria called Terani Isauria a Southern Country of Galatia joyning to Pisidia with a City called Isauria which was afterwards called Claudiopolis Istri the People of Istria a Country now in Italy by the Dutch called Histerech so called from the River Ister under the Dominion of Venice Italica a City of Spain built by Scipio Africanus Ituraei the People of Iturea a Region of Palestine bordering upon Arabia Judaei Jews People of Judaea or Palestine now dispersed over all the World L. LAcedaemonia a large Country of Peloponnesus now called Tzaconia the chief City whereof was Lacedaemon called also Sparta Lacedaemonii the People of Lacedaemon Latini the People of Latium a Province in Italy now called Compagna di Roma Leptis a City of Africa between the two Syrtes belonging to Tripoli and now called Lebeda or Lepeda Libyssa a Town of Bythynia called now Polmen where Hannibal died between Nicomedia and Chalcedon Ligures the People of Liguria in Italy reaching from the Hill Apenninus to the Tuscan Sea of which Genoa is the chief City 't is now called La Riviera di Genoua Lilybaeum a Promontory and City of Sicily now called Capo coco Lingones People of France dwelling about Longres Lorium a Village 12 miles from Rome Lucania a Country of Italy in the Kingdom of Naples Lugdunum the City Lyons in France called for difference-sake Lugdunum Celtarum from Lugdunum Batavorum Lusitania the third part of Spain now called Protugal 't is parted on the North from Tarracon by the River Ducro Lycia a Country in Asia the Less now called Bricquia by others Aldinelli situated between Caria and Pamphylia M. MAcedonia a large Country of Greece containing several Provinces 't is now all under the Turks Maesi People of Maesia a Country in Europe adjoyning to Pannonia and running out at length along the Danube to the Pontus antiently the higher and the lower now Bulgaria Servia Magnesia a Country of Macedonia joyning to Thessaly containing Pieria and Pelasgia Marcomanni People near Austria whose Country is called Mark or as others Bohemians Mare Rubrum the Red Sea called by the Greeks Erythraeum and 't is also called Sinus Arabicus it parts Asia from Africa Mariana a City in Corsica now called Matino or Zagorolo Marsi a People of Latium in Italy Massilia a City in Provence in France called Marsiles Mazaca the City Caesaria in Cappadocia by the Hill Argaeus Mauritania a Country in Africa called Morisco lying towards the Gaditan Straits and the West Ocean 't is divided into Tingitana which contains in it the Kingdom of Fess and Morocco and Caesariensis called the Kingdom of Algier and is now with other Countrys contained under the general name of Barbary Mediolanum the City of Milan in Italy where St. Ambrose was Bishop remarkable for four things for multitude of People a stately Church a strong Castle and a Library well furnished Mesopotamia a Country of Asia between Tigris and Euphrates Milvius Pons a Bridge two miles from Rome where Milvius Ager lies Moguntiacum the City Mentz in Germany the Seat of one of the Spiritual Electors of the Emperor here was Printing first invented Munda a Town in Hispania Boetica where the last and most bloody Battel that ever Caesar undertook was fought between him and the Sons of Pompey Mursa a Town in Pannonia N. NArbona a City in France an Arch-Bishops See Nicomedia a City of Bithynia by the Propontis Nicomedienses a People of Bithynia Nisibis otherwise Antiochia of this name are many Cities one of Syria called Epiphane Nola a City of Campania fourteen miles from Naples where Augustus Caesar died tho our Author mentions Atella Noricum a great tract of Ground containing several Countrys as great part of Austria Stiria Carinthia c. Numantia a City of Spain now called Soria or Garray Numentana via a Road that went from Rome to Nomentum Numidia a part of Africa now
called Biledulgerid bounded with Mauritania Carthage and Aethiopia Numidae the People of Numidiae O. OLympus 't is the name of three Cities the first in Pamphylia the second in Lycia the third in Cilicia also the name of a Promontory of Cyprus and of twelve Hills especially one very high in Thessaly and 't is also a Promontory in Crete now called Cambrasia or Cambrussia Osdroene a Country in Syria on the confines of Mesopotamia Osdroeni the People of Osdroene P. PAlatinus one of the seven Hills of Rome called so from Palatia Evanders Daughter now Palazzo Maggiore Palaestina a Country of Asia called by the Ancients Canaan and the Land of Promise by Ptolomy Palaestine or the Country of the Philistines and now by Christians the Holy Land it containeth the Countrys of Idumaea Samaria Judaea and Galilee the chief City was Hierusalem Pamphylia a Southern Country in Asia the Less between Cilicia and Lycia now Subject to the Turk and lying on the West part of Caramania Panticapaeon a great City of Taurica now Tartary the Less near the Cimmerian Bosphorus call'd Pantico Pannonia a large Country of Europe now called Hungary divided into the Upper and the Lower Pannonii the People of Pannonia Paphlagonia a Country in Asia the Less lying between Galatia and the Euxine Sea now called Bolli Parthi the People of Parthia a Country in Asia lying between Media Carmania and the Hyrcane Sea by Mercator 't is called Aroch by others Corasan Parthenopolis a City of Macedonia and of Mysia in Asia the Less Peligni a People of Italy about the City Sulmo Pergamus a City of Troas in Asia the Less now called Pergamo or Bargamo where Galen was born Persia a large Country of Asia lying between the Caspian Sea and the Country of the Moguls 't is Ruled by a Sophy and the Inhabitants call it Farsi Perusium a City of Tuscany in the mid-way betwixt Rome and Florence Praeneste a City of Latium in Italy now called Palestrina twenty four miles from Rome Phaselis a City of Pamphylia built in the year of the World 3257. it was a long time held by Pyrats Philippi a City of Thessaly built by Philip King of Macedonia who called it after his name Phrygia a Country in Asia bounded with Caria Lydia Mysia and Bithynia it is divided into the greater and the less now called Troas Picentes the People of Picenum a Country in Italy now called la Marca de Ancona Piraeeus the Port-Town of Athens now called Porto di Setine Ponticum mare called Pontus Euxinus and now the Black Sea Pontus a Country of Asia the Less lying between Bithynia and Paphlagonia and the Euxine Sea Ptolemais a Town by the Red-Sea there are also four Citys of this name Pyrenaei Montes the Mountains that part Spian from France running from East to West eighty five Leagues in length cross the Land Q. QVadi a People in Germany in Moravia Quinquegentiani a People of Africa Quirinalis one of the seven Hills of Rome called so from Romulus's name Quirinus now Monte Cavalle R. RAvenna a City of Italy upon the Coast of the Adriatick Sea Rhaetia the Country of the Grisons on the Alps. Rhenus a River which parts France from Germany and after it has run 300. miles it falls into the River Mosa and the German Sea by two mouths whence Virgil calls it Rhenus bicornis Rhodanus the River Rhone in France Rhodii the People of Rhodes an Isle near Caria in compass an 110 miles Rhodopa a Province of Thrace Rome the chief City of Italy seated on the River Tybur now in the power of the Pope S. SAbini People of Italy not far from Rome Saguntum a City in Spain now called Morvedre famous for its Ruin by Hannibal Saguntini the People of Saguntum Salassi People of Piedmont whose Country in Dutch is called Austhalles from Augusta Praetoria the chief Town Salentini a People of Italy inhabiting that corner of Italy called Terra de Otranto formerly Messapia Salonae Cic. Salona Pl. a City once of Dalmatia out of whose Ruins Spalato came Samos an Isle of the Icarian Sea lying over against Ephesus the compass of it 87 miles Samnites a People of Italy whose Country was called Samnium or Samnis now adays Labruzzo Sardica in this Author is a City in Dacia upon the Ister and also 't is a City anciently in Thrace now the head of Bulgaria called by the Turks and Greeks Sophia Sardinia an Island of Italy under the Spaniard it is 170 miles in length 80 in bredth 450 in compass the chief City is Cagliare Sardi the People of Sardinia Sarmatae the People of Sarmatia Sarmatia a large Country Northward part in Europe part in Asia containing Poland Russia Muscovy and most part of Tartary Sauromatae the Scythians and Tartars a wild People that drink horses blood Saxones the People of Saxony once Masters of great part of Germany some of them came over into England the Duke of it is one of the seven Electors of the Empire Scordisci a People of Pannonia Scythae People of Scythia Scythians or Tartarians in the North parts of Asia and in some part of Europe also Eastward Seleucia the name of several Citys one in Syria in Mesopotamia in Cilicia in Pisidia Sena the City Siena in Tuscany 100 miles from Rome Sicilia the Island of Sicily lying at the toe of Italy and parted with a narrow dangerous Sea 600 miles in compass Siculi the People of Sicily Sipylum the name of a Town and Mountain in Lydia called formerly Tantalis Sirmium the City Sirmisch in the Lower Hungary Smirna a City of Ionia called the old Naulochus now Smyrna or Ismyr Stratonice a Town of Macedonia called so from Stratonice the Daughter of Ariarathes and afterwards built by Adrianus and now called Castro Franco Sutrium the People are called Sutrini a little City of Hetruria now called Tuscany in the Province of St. Peters Patrimony Suevi a People of Germany lying about the Danaw the Country now called Schwaben Suessa Pometia once a City of the Volsci in Latium St. Peters Patrimony Syria a Country in Asia bounded with Asia the Less Euphrates and the Mediterranean Sea divided into Phoenicia and Palaestine Syracusani the People of Syracusae a City of Sicily called Saragossa T. TAiphali and Thervingi People of Dacia Tarentini the People of Tarentum called now Taranto Tarentum a noble City in the farthest part of Magna Graecia now called Tarento Tarraco the chief City of Hispania Tarraconensis which is one of the three parts of Spain and larger than both twice it doth now contain the Kingdom of Castile Gallicia Navarre and Arragon Taurominitani the People of the City of Taurominium in Sicily now called Taormina Taurus a continual Mountain in Asia beginning at the Indian Sea and stretching its Arms Northward and Southward it also reacheth Westward to the Aegean Sea Teutones the People of Germany in General called Almaines Thracia a large Country of Europe commonly called Romania bounded with the Euxine and Aegean Sea Macedonia and the Mountain Hoemus Thessalonica a City of Macedonia built by Philip of Macedon in Memory of Conquering Thessaly now called Salonichi Thessalia a Country of Greece between Boetia Macedonia the River Peneus and Thermopylae Thusci a People now called Tuscans Tygris a famous River of Asia it riseth in Mount Araret in Armenia parts Mesopotamia and Assyria it continues its course after it s joyned with the River Euphrates into the Persian Gulf. Tigurini the People of Tigurum a City of the Helvetians now called Zurich Tygranocerta the Town Sultania in Armenia the Greater Tomos a City of Pontus whereunto Ovid was Banished Transalpini the People of Gaul beyond the Alps from Rome now called the Realm of France Trebia a River of Italy called la Trebia near Placentia running into the Po. Triballi a People of Mysia between Danubius and Aemus now the Bulgarians Tripolis a City of Syria by which name several other Citys are called Troy a City of Phrygia a Country of Asia the Less Tuscia a large Country of Italy called Tuscany divided into two parts the one under the great Duke and the other under the Pope called the Churches Patrimony Tusci a very ancient People of Italy also called Hetrusci now Florentines their Country was called Hetruria now la Toscana Tusculum a City of Latium in Italy now Frascati 12 miles from Rome U. VAndali a People of Germany about Mecklenburg after setling in Spain Andaluzia was called from them Vectis the Isle of Wight about sixty miles in compass twenty in Length and twelve in bredth Newport is the chief Town Vejentes the People of Veii a Town of Hetruria in Italy Venetia the Country of Venice Verona a City of Italy in the Territory of the Venetians Victophali a People of Dacia Viminalis one of the seven Hills of Rome called so from the Osiers that grew there Vindelici People of Vindilicia a Country of Germany where now Bavaria is Volsci a People of Latium in Italy now called Campagna di Roma FINIS * Valens * Julian
six hundred seventy eight M. Licinius Lucullus govern'd the Province of Macedonia the Cousin of that Lucullus who managed the War against Mithridates In Italy on a sudden arose a new War for seventy four Gladiators under the command of Spartacus Chrysus and Oenomaus having broken out of their fencing School at Capua fled away and wandering through Italy commenc'd as great a War as Hannibal did for overcoming many of the Roman Captains and two of their Consuls they gathered together an Army of almost sixty thousand Men at last they were conquered by M. Licinius Crassus the Proconsul in Apulia and after many calamities in Italy the War was ended the third year by him In the year of the City six hundred and eighty in the Consulship of P. Cornelius Lentulus and Cnaeus Aufidius Orestes onely the Mithridatick and Macedonian Wars disturb'd the Roman Empire Lucius Lucullus and M. Lucullus managed them For L. Lucullus after his Victory over Mithridates at Cyzicus and his Captains in a Sea fight pursued him and having recovered Paphlagonia and Bithynia he marched into his Kingdom and took Sinope and Amisus two famous Cities in Pontus The second Battel was fought at the City Cabira where Mithridates had gathered together great Forces from all his Countries thereabouts when five thousand Romans putting to flight Mithridates with thirty thousand of his best Soldiers plunder'd his Camp Lucullus also subdu'd Armenia the less which Mithridates governed But he was received after his flight by Tigranes King of the greater Armenia who then reigned with great Fame and oftentimes beating the Persians had seiz'd upon Mesopotamia Syria and part of Phaenicia but Lucullus demanding Mithridates that fled entred Armenia Tigranes his Kingdom took there the famous City Tigranocerta and with eighteen thousand so overthrew Tigranes coming against him with six hundred thousand Cuirassiers one hundred thousand Archers and armed Men that he cut off a great part of his Armenians From thence he marched to the City Nisibis which he took with the King's Brother But those whom Lucullus had left in Pontus with part of the Army to defend the Romans with their conquest in the adjacent Countries behaving themselves carelesly and covetously gave an opportunity to Mithridates of breaking into Pontus and so the War was renewed and one sent to succeed Lucullus having taken Nisibis and preparing the War against the Persians the other Lucullus who governed Macedonia was the first of all the Romans that waged War against the Bessi and overcame them in a great Battel on the Mountain Aemus and having taken the City Vscudama which the Bessi inhabited in one Day and Cibyle he marched Conquerer even to the Danube From thence he went against many Cities bordering on Pontus where he sacked Apollonia and took Calaâ—â—s Parthenopolis Tomi Histrum and all Buzia After the War was ended he returned to Rome and both of them triumph'd but Lucullus who managed the War against Mithridates triumphed with greater glory being Conquerour of so considerable Kingdoms The Macedonian War being ended and by reason of Lucullus his return to Rome the Mithridatic War continuing which Mithridates with new Forces prosecuted there arose a War in Crete Caecilius Metellus was sent thither and in three year having subdued all the Provinces and being stil'd Creticus he triumphed from the conquest of that Island About the same time Libya was added to the Roman Empire by a grant in King Apion's will in which Province there were these famous Cities Berenice Ptolemais and Cyrene Whilst these things were perform'd the Pirats so infested the Seas that the Romans though the Conquerers of all the World could not safely sail Wherefore this War was Decreed to be managed by Cnaeus Pompeius who with great fortune and celerity ended it in few months Afterwards the War against Mithridates and Tigranes was committed to him which having undertook he overcame Mithridates in Armenia the less in a Battel by Night and plunder'd his Camp cutting off forty thousand of the Enemy with the loss onely of twenty of his Soldiers and two Centurions Mithridates fled with his Wife and two Attendants Afterwards when he tyranniz'd over his people in a mutiny of his Soldiers raised by his own Son Pharnaces he was forc'd to poison himself Thus Mithridates died at Bosphorus a Man of great industry and conduct he lived seventy reigned sixty and made War with the Romans forty years Then Pompey made War against Tigranes who surrender'd himself and coming to him in his Camp sixteen miles from Artaxata fell at his feet and delivered up his Crown which Pompey restored again and received him honourably but took away Syria Phaenicia Sophone besides fining him in six thousand Talents of Silver to be paid to the Romans for raising War against them without a cause Afterwards Pompey brought War on the Albani and thrice overcame Orodes their King who at last obtain'd a Peace by his Letters and Presents to Pompey He also overcame in a Battel Anthaces the King of Iberia who submitted to him He gave Armenia the less to Dejotarus the King of Galatia for assisting him in the Mithridatic War And restoring Paphlagonia to Attalus and Pylemenes he made Aristarchus the King of the Colchi Then he subdued the Ituraei and the Arabians and coming into Syria made Seleucia near Antioch a free City because it had not aided King Tigranes He restor'd the people of Antioch their Hostages and added some grounds to the Daphnenses to enlarge their Groves being delighted with the pleasantness of the place and its many Springs From thence he marched into Judaea and in the third month took Jerusalem the chief City and having slain twelve thousand Jews he receiv'd the rest into his protection Having performed these things he returned into Asia and so ended this long War In the Consulship of Marcus Tullius Cicero the Orator and C. Antonius in the year of the City six hundred eighty nine Lucius Sergius Catilina a Man of high birth but of a very vitious Disposition plotted with some audacious Noble Men against his Country but he was driven out of the City by Cicero and his Associates upon apprehension strangled in Prison Catiline also overcome in a Battel was slain by Antonius the other Consul In the year of the City six hundred and ninety in the Consulship of D. Junius Silanus and L. Murena Metellus triumphed for conquering Crete and Pompey for the Piratic and Mithridatic Wars no pomp of a Triumph was ever like to Pompey's for Mithridates his and Tigranes's Sons also Aristobulus the King of the Jews with a great Sum of Money were carried before his Chariot At that time there was no considerable War in all the World with the Romans In the year of the City six hundred ninety three Caius Julius Caesar who was afterwards Emperour and L. Bibulus were made Consuls Caesar having obtain'd by Order of Senate the Government of Gaul and Illyricum with ten Legions first overcame the Helvetii who are now
these two Consuls being Conquerors were slain upon which the three Armies obeyed Caesar Antony being put to slight having lost his Army went for succor to Lepidus who was General to Caesar's Horse and then commanded great Forces by whom he was received and soon after Lepidus endeavouring it Caesar made peace with Antony and as if he would vindicate the death of his Father by whom he was adopted in his Will he marched to Rome with his Army and by force procured the Consulship in the twentieth year of his age Having proscribed the Senate he began with Antony and Lepidus to govern the Commonwealth by an Army Cicero the Orator was kill'd by them with many other Noblemen In the mean while Brutus and Cassius the murtherers of Caesar rais'd a great War for there were many Armies in Macedonia and the East which they seiz'd upon wherefore Caesar Octavianus Augustus and Mark Antony went against them Lepidus staid behind to defend Italy they fought against 'em at Philippi a City of Macedonia Caesar and Antony were overcome in the first Battel but the most noble Cassius was slain In the second Brutus and very many Noblemen of his side were slain and then the Commonwealth was thus divided amongst them That Augustus should govern Spain France and Italy Antony Asia Pontus and the East But Lucius Antonius the Consul raised a Civil War in Italy his Brother who had fought with Caesar against Brutus and Cassius he was overcome and taken at Perusium a City of Tuscia but his life spar'd In the mean time Sextus Pompeius the Son of Cn. Pompeius made a War in Sicily those of Brutus and Cassius's party who remain'd joyning with him yet after a War brought upon him by Caesar Augustus and M. Antony at last a Peace was ratified At that time M. Agrippa acted prosperously in Aquitania and L. Ventidius Bassus overcame the Persians making incursions into Syria in three Battels He kill'd Pacorus the Son of King Orodes the same day that heretofore Orodes King of the Persians had kill'd Crassus by Surena his General He first triumph'd truly over the Persians at Rome In the mean time Pompey broke the Peace and being beat in a Sea-fight fled to Asia and was there slain Antony who govern'd Asia and the East being divorced from Augustus's Sister married Cleopatra the Queen of Egypt He also in person fought against the Persians and overcame them in the first Battel but in his return he suffered much by Famine and Pestilence and the Parthians falling upon him in his flight he lost his Victory He also raised a great Civil War by the instigation of his Wife Cleopatra the Queen of Egypt whilst she through a womans ambition long'd to rule at Rome He was overcome by Augustus in a famous Sea-fight at Actium in Epirus from whence he fled to Egypt and in despair when all his Soldiers had revolted to Augustus he killed himself Cleopatra died with the poison of Asps which she had put to her Breasts Octavianus Augustus added Aegypt to the Roman Empire and Cn. Cornelius Gallus was the first that governed it Thus having finished all his Wars every where Augustus in the twelfth year after he had been made Consul returned to Rome From that time he governed the Commonwealth alone for four and forty years having rul'd it twelve years before with Lepidus and Antony and so from the beginning to the end his Reign lasted six and fifty years He died a natural death in the seventy sixth year of his age in Atella a City of Campania He was buried in the Campus Martius at Rome a man not undeservedly for the most part reckon'd a God Nor was any one more happy than him in his Wars or more moderate in Peace He lived with the greatest civility all the four and forty years he ruled alone being most liberal towards all men and very faithful to his friends who he had advanced to so great honors that they were almost equal to himself The Roman affairs never flourished more before his time for besides the Civil Wars in which he was always conqueror he added Aegypt to the Roman Empire with Cantabria and Dalmatia oftentimes overcome before but entirely subdued by him also Pannonia Aquitania Illyricum Rhaetia the Vindelici and the Salassi living upon the Alps with all the Maritime Cities of Pontus and amongst these the famous Cities Bosphorus and Panticapaeon He overcame the Daci in several Battels He cut off the great Forces of the Germans and drove them beyond the River Allis which is up the Country far from the Rhine but this War was managed by his Son-in-law Drusus as the Pannonian War was by his other Son-in-law Tiberius in which War he brought four hundred thousand Captives out of Germany and planted 'em upon the Banks of the Rhine in Gaul He retook Armenia from the Parthians and the Persians gave Hostages to him which they never did before to any other Also they restored the Roman Ensigns which were taken away from Crassus when he was beaten The Scythians and the Indians sent presents and Embassadors to him who before had never heard of the Roman name Galatia in his time was made a Province being before a Kingdom and M. Lollius the Propraetor was the first that governed it The barbarous Nations so loved him that Kings who were Allies of the Roman People built Cities to his honor which they would call Caesarea as that built by King Juba in Mauritania and that in Palestine which now is a very famous City Many Kings left their Kingdoms to do him service and being dressed in a Roman Habit ran by him in his Chariot or on Horseback and dying he was stiled a God He left the Commonwealth to Tiberius in a most flourishing condition who being his Wives Son was afterwards his Son-in-law by the marriage of his Daughter and at last his Son by adoption Tiberius governed very lazily with great cruelty wicked avarice and filthy lust He never fought in person but carried on his Wars by his Lieutenants Some Kings whom he had enticed to him by his flatteries he never let return to their own Country amongst whom Archelaus King of Cappadocia whose Kingdom also he made a Province and commanded the chief City to be called after his name which now is called Caesarea and before Mazaca He reigned three and twenty years and died in Campania in the eighty third year of his age to the great joy of all men After him rul'd Caius Caesar surnamed Caligula Drusus the Son-in-law of Augustus was his Grandfather and Tiberius his great Uncle he was very wicked and horrible one who might excuse the Vices of Tiberius He undertook a War against the Germans and entering into Suevia performed no valiant action He committed Incest with his Sisters and had a Daughter by one of 'em when he had been outragious towards all men in Cruelty Avarice and Lust he was kill'd in his Palace in the nine and thirtieth year of
in the sixty first year of his age having Reign'd about eighteen years and was made a God according to the earnest desires of all Men. Lucius Antoninus Commodus succeeded him a Man not at all like his Father yet considerable for a War he manag'd successfully against the Germans he endeavour'd to have the month September call'd Commodus from his own name being deprav'd by his luxury and lusts he oftentimes fought as a Gladiator in their Fencing Schools and in the Amphitheater with such sort of Men. He dy'd suddenly and 't was thought he was strangl'd or poison'd when he had Reign'd twelve years and eight months from the death of his Father so detested by every body that he was reflected upon as an Enemy to mankind even after he was dead Pertinax succeeded him an old Man who being above seventy years old and Governour of Rome was made Emperour by an Order of the Senate he was slain in the eightieth day of his Reign by a mutiny of the Praetorian Soldiers and the treachery of Julian After him Salvius Julianus took the government he was a noble Man and skilful in the Laws Nephew to Salvius Julianus who in the time of Adrianus drew up the perpetual Statute He was conquered by Severus at the Milvian Bridg and was slain in the Palace having reigned seven months Septimius Severus succeeded him he was born in Africa at Leptis a Town of the Province of Tripolis He was the first and last Emperour in the memory of Man that ever came out of Africa he was first an Advocate in the Treasury afterwards a Tribune of the Soldiers and so by various employments he came to the government of the Common-wealth He call'd himself Pertinax in honour of that Pertinax slain by Julian he was very parsimonious and by nature cruel He fought many Wars and came off successfully he slew Pescennius Niger at the City Cyzicus who had made a Rebellion in Aegypt and Syria he overcame the Parthians and the Arabians to such a degree that if he pleas'd he might have made their Countrey a Province wherefore he was call'd Parthicus and Arabicus he built many Cities all over the Roman Empire In his Reign Clodius Albinus that conspir'd with Julian to kill Pertinax made himself Caesar in Gaul but was overcome and slain at Lugdunum Severus besides the honor he obtained in Military Actions was much renowned for Politicks being a very good Scholar and an excellent Philosopher his last War was in Britanny where he fortified the Provinces he had recover'd with a great wall two thirty miles long from the German Ocean to the Irish Sea he died at Eboracum when he was a very old man in the eighteenth year and fourth month of his Reign and was consecrated a God he left his two Sons Bassianus and Geta to succeed him and by order of Senate would have Bassianus call'd Antoninus wherefore he assum'd the name of M. Aurelius Antoninus Bassianus and succeeded his Father for his Brother Geta being look'd upon as a publick enemy was forthwith slain M. Aurelius Antoninus Bassianus call'd also Caracalla was much of his Fathers disposition yet somewhat more rough and ill natur'd he made a famous Bath at Rome call'd Antoninianae the only remarkable thing of his life he was one so ungovernable in his Lust that he married his Mother-in-law Julia he ended his days at Osroenes a City not far from Edessa in his design against the Parthians in the sixth year of his Reign and second month scarce three and forty years old and was buried at the publick cost of the people Then Opilius Macrinus the Captain of the Guards was made Emperor with his Son Diadumenus they did nothing worth memory for they reign'd but fourteen months and were both slain by a tumult of the Soldiers After these two Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was made Emperor he was thought to be the Son of Antoninus Caracalla but indeed he was a Priest of the Temple of Heliogabalus he when he came to Rome with the great expectation both of Soldiers and Senators disgrac'd himself with all sorts of Scandal and liv'd most shamefully and lewdly so after two years and eight months his Soldiers slew him and his Mother Semia the Syrian Next to him reign'd Aurelius Alexander he was stil'd by his Army Caesar and by the Senate Augustus he was a very young Man and making War with the Persians most gloriously overcame Xerxes their King He strictly kept up the Discipline of his Soldiers and disbanded some whole Legions that were tumultuous Vlpian the famous Civilian was the Master of his Rolls He was very favourable to Rome but slain in Gaul in an uproar of the Soldiers having reigned thirteen years and eight days extreamly dutiful to his Mother Mammaea The Ninth Book OF EVTROPIVS The Reign of Maximinus Gordianus Philippus Decius Valerianus Gallienus Claudius Aurelianus Tacitus Probus Carus Numerianus Carinus Diocletianus with other Remarks From V. C. 987. to 1056. By Mr. Martin Bowes AFTER Aurelius Alexander Maximinus was the first of any in the Army that obtained the government of the Empire chose only by the Soldiers without the Authority of the Senate himself being no Senator having manag'd the War successfully against the Germans when he war saluted Imperator by his Soldiers upon their revolt Pupienus kill'd him and his young Son at Aquileia with whom he had reigned three years and a few days Afterwards there were three Emperors at once Pupienus Balbinus and Gordianus the two first were of a very mean Family Gordianus was a Nobleman for his Father being Pro-consul of Africa was chosen Emperor by the consent of the Soldiers when Maximinus reigned but when they came to Rome Balbinus and Pupienus were kill'd in the Palace and Gordianus was Emperor alone who being but a young man having married Tranquillina at Rome set open the Temple of double-fac'd Janus and marching to the East made War with the Parthians who now endeavoured to invade the Empire which War he managed very well and beat the Persians in great Battels Returning home he was kill'd by the treachery of Philip who succeeded him His Soldiers built for him a Monument near the River Euphrates twenty miles from Circessus a Castle of the Romans and carrying his Body to Rome stiled him a God The two Philips the Father and the Son when Gordianus was dead got the Empire and having brought back the Army safe they march'd from Syria to Italy When they govern'd in the thousandth year of the City there was a great Festival celebrated with all manner of sports They afterwards were both kill'd by their Soldiers the eldest at Verona the younger at Rome having reign'd five years Nevertheless they were number'd amongst the Gods After these Decius who came from the lower Pannonia born at Bubalia took upon him the Empire he ended the Civil War that was in Gaul and made his Son his Caesar he built a Bath at Rome When he and his Son had rul'd two
for your doubts have such an Oracle Consult your Guide whose Judgment more refin'd Vnties those Knots Dutch Comments leave behind By which your Authors more obscure become The Fogs of Holland cloud the Wit of Rome While these the vehicle of words essay The subtil Spirit flies unseen away He 'l shew you where their secret Treasures lie Sublime their sense and fix their Mercury Let this success brave Youths your minds inflame Eutropius conquer'd calls for nobler Game Lanch boldly next on Tully's flowing Seas And grasp the thunder of Demosthenes To noblest Sciences devote your time And rarely very rarely sport with Rhime See how your Teacher does the practice fly His Genius and the waiting world deny Whilst every Muse in vain stands sighing by Ev'n my poor strains some small Applause have found Yet were I with the foremost Lawrels crown'd With Wit and Verse I 'd hold eternal War To be a thriving Blockhead of the Bar. Once more all Hail to thee Industrious Friend Behold what wonders on thy Toil attend What pains thy methods cost that thus excel Thy midnight Lamp and Thou can only tell Yet for some longer space thy Tillage ply Thy own repose and pressing Friends deny Till like Lycurgus Laws thy Rules succeed And for long Ages leave a noble Breed N. Tate Juventuti Historicae S. P. D. IMperio premeret dominas cum Flavius urbes Victrices Aquilas bello parta trophaea Extendens latè tantos periisse labores Credidit indignum positisque inglorius armis Arripuit calamum Eutropius Dux marte tremendus Ingenio pollens scripsitque praelia gessit Una eademque manus famamque fata Parentum Donavit luce longum aeternavit in aevum Scilicet infantis câ—cinit cunabula Romae Regesque Grandaevosque Patres fascesque verendos Et parvis magnum de maenibus incrementum Sed neque res Italas memorans gentemque Togatam Praeteriit Domini crudelia bella perempti Juvit enim Socias florentesque aere cohortes Et quorum pars magna fuit cantare labores O mundo par opus nec mundi Regibus impar Quis dignus transferre tuas Dux inclyte chartas Romanosque sonos maternâ reddere linguâ Cedit onus pueris humerisque virilibus aequa Incumbit moles nec lassat magna ferentes Fortunata tuo laetare Britannia dono Et vos O matres Castrae innuptaeque puellae Ponite jam fusos operosae pensa diei Ponite hunc melius versetis pollice librum Hîc annosa ducum series hîc Caesaris arma Qui primus toto divisos orbe Britannos Vidit in nostro fixit tentoria Coelo Nec quoties placidè delectant scripta legentes Definite authores toties celebrare tenellos Felices pueri tali sub Praeside docti Queis angusta fovens distendit pectora Pallas Crescite foecundosque simul diffundite ramos Per totam latè gentem quantumque virorum Coetibus hic praestat tantum praestate Juventae Haec ego ut exhibeam gratae munuscula mentis Qui monitus Maidvelle tuos praeceptaque dia Felix ante alios jucundis auribus hausi Volventemque globum mundi Titaniaque astra Vidimus vivum veluti mirabar Aratum E. Trin. Coll. Cant. The LIFE of EVTROPIVS EVtropius was an Italian by Suidas called the Sophist he writ many other things which are lost by the injury of time yet skilled in Arms as well as Arts for he was in that Expedition when Julian was kill'd by the Persians which hapned An. Chr. 365. or with others 363. He drew up this Breviary of Roman History by the order of Flavius Valens the Emperor brother to Valentinian from the building of the City to his time to whom he dedicates it the stile good and considering the time correct the disposition of the matter is very methodical and in the application of Chronology to every great action surpasses Florus who wants it he has been well entertained by the Ancients being translated twice into Greek by Capito an Historian of Lycia and Paeanius some have honored him with the Title of Consul but 't is a mistake for Eutropius mentioned by the Fasti Consulares Collegue to Valentinian the second was not our Author but Eutropius the Eunuch against whom Claudian the Poet writ and who was afterwards slain in his second Consulship Some also would through ignorance in time confound him with Eutropius the Presbyter and Historian Scholar to S. Austin whilst our Author cannot be a Christian for he praises Julian too much tho he says he persecuted them and is angry with Jovian for not falsifying his Oath and breaking the Peace with the Persians which cannot be the advice of a Professor of Christianity and makes no mention of the ten Persecutions nor that of Dioclesian carried on with so much rage but in the time of his Father without doubt he was a Trimmer halting between Pagan and Christian as many then were puzled and groping in a twi-light rather modish in their Religion and imitating the Emperor Nothing else is observable concerning him EVTROPIVS's Epistle To the EMPEROR Flavius Valens To the most Great and ever August Emperor Valens Conqueror of the GOTHS ACcording to your Serene Pleasure I have drawn up in a short Narrative successiuely from the Buildiag of the City to your time the Roman Transactions which have been remarkable both Military and Civil and have added in short all passages eminent in the Lives of our Princes that your Divine Mind may please it self in this to have imitated the Actions of these Illustrious Persons in the Administration of your Empire before they were known by reading The First Book OF EVTROPIVS Containing the seven Kings Reigns with the change of the Commonwealth the Hetrurian War with King Porsena the Wars with the Latins Vejentes Falisci Fidenates and the Gauls and other circumstances remarkable From the building of the City to A. V. C. 365. By Mr. John Williams THE Roman Empire than which none was less in its beginning yet Story mentions none upon its increase greater in the whole World was founded by Romulus who was the Son of a Vestal Virgin and as 't is thought of the God Mars born a twin with his Brother Remus He having lived like a Robber amongst the Shepherds being eighteen years old built a little City upon the Palatine-hill on the eleventh of the Kalends of May in the third year of the sixth Olympiad as they say who speak most probably in the three hundred and ninety fourth year after the sacking of Troy Having built this City which he called Rome from his own Name he performed these things He made a great many of his Neighbours free of his City choosing a hundred out of the old Men whom he called Senators from their age by whose Counsel he would manage his Affairs Then when Romulus and his people wanted Wives he invited the neighbouring Nations to publick Sports and took away their young Women by
return'd to Rome with great pomp in Perseus's Ship reported to have been of an unusual bigness with sixteen ranks of Oars and triumphed most magnificiently in his golden Chariot with his two Sons standing on each side of him and Perseus in the forty fifth year of his age with his two Sons going before him Caius Anicius also triumphed over the Illyrians and Gentius is led before his Chariot with his Brother and Children The Kings of many Nations came to Rome to this great Sight Amongst the rest Attalus and Eumenes Kings in Asia with Prusias King of Bithynia were entertained with much honour and they laid up the Presents which they brought in the Capitol with the consent of the Senate Also Prusias recommended his Son Nicomedes to them The following year Lucius Memmius fought successfully in Spain and afterwards Marcellus the Consul fortunately managed his Affairs there Then the third Carthaginian War begun in the six hundredth year from the building of the City in the Consulship of Lucius Manlius Censorinus and Marcus Manilius fifty one years after the second Punick War These carried the War to Carthage against whom Asdrubal fought as General and Famea commanded the Horse then Scipio the Nephew of Scipio Africanus was a Tribune of the Soldiers him all the Romans feared and respected for he was esteemed very serviceable both in their Battels and at their Councils therefore many things were managed fortunately through him by these Consuls neither did Asdrubal or Famea shun any thing more than to fight against that Squadron of the Romans where Scipio fought About the same time Masinissa the King of Numidia who for sixty years was in League with the Romans in the ninety seventh year of his age died leaving fortry four Sons behind him and ordered Scipio to divide his Empire amongst them Now Scipio being grown famous though but a young Man was made Consul and sent against Carthage he took it and sack'd it and finding there the Spoils which Carthage had gathered together from the destruction of many Cities he restor'd back upon proof to several Cities of Sicily Italy and Africa their Ornaments Thus Carthage was destroyed about seven hundred years after it was built and Scipio by his merit obtained the Name which his Grandfather had being stil'd for his Valour AFRICANVS the YOVNGER In the mean time one called Pseudophilippus took up Arms in Macedonia and utterly defeated Publius Juvencius the Roman Praetor sent against him After him Quintus Caecilius Metellus was sent thither by the Romans and twenty thousand of the Enemy being slain he recovered Macedonia and reduced Pseudophilippus under his Power War was also proclaimed against the Corinthians the Inhabitants of a most famous City in Greece for an affront done to the Roman Embassadours This City Mummius the Consul took and destroy'd then there were three noble Triumphs at Rome at the same time of Africanus out of Africa before whose Chariot Asdrubal was led of Metellus from Macedonia before whom Andriscus went otherwise called Pseudophilippus of Mummius from Corinth before him were carry'd brazen Statues Pictures and other Ornaments of that famous City One Pseudoperseus also rebelled in Macedonia having gathered together several Slaves pretending himself to be Perseus's Son but was overcome with seventeen thousand of his Men by Tremellius the Quaestor At this time an Hermaphrodite being seen at Rome was drowned in the Sea by the appointment of the Southsayers At the same time Metellus perform'd noble Acts in Celtiberia amongst the Spaniards Quintus Pompeius succeeded him a little after Quintus Caepio was sent Commander to the same War which indeed Viriatus waged against the Romans in Lusitania upon which through fear Viriatus was slain by his Soldiers after having made the Spaniards rebel against the Romans for fourteen years He was a Shepherd at first afterwards chief amongst the Thieves at last he stir'd up so many people to this War that he was thought the assertor of the Spaniards liberty against the Romans and when his Murtherers sought their rewards from Caepio the Consul he answered 't was never acceptable to the Romans to have a General murther'd by his own Men. Then Quintius Pompeius the Consul being overcome by the people of Numantia a rich City of Spain made a dishonourable Peace After him Caius Hostilius Mancinus made another League with the Numantians which the Senate and People commanded to be broken and Mancinus the Author of it to be given up to his Enemies that they might revenge the injury of this Rupture upon the cause of it wherefore after so great an ignominy the Roman Army being twice overcome by the Numantians Publius Scipio Africanus was made Consul the second time and sent to Numantia he first corrected the vicious Soldiers without any cruelty more by labour than punishment Then he took many Cities in Spain partly by force and partly by surrendry after a long Siege he took the City Numantia by Famine and ras'd it taking the rest of the Province into his protection About that time Attalus a King in Asia the less the Brother of Eumenes died and by making the Roman people his Heir added Asia to their Empire by his Will A little after Decimus Junius Brutus triumphed with great glory for his Victory over the Callaeci and the Lusitan and Publius Scipio Africanus triumphed the second time over the Numantians the fourteenth year after his first Triumph in Africa In the mean time War was rais'd in Asia by Aristonicus the Son of Eumenes whom he had by an Harlot this Eumenes was the Brother of King Attalus Publius Licinius Crassus was sent against him with the assistance of many Kings For Nicomedes King of Bithynia help'd the Romans and Mithridates King of Pontus with whom afterwards the Romans had a severe War and Ariarathes King of Cappadocia Pylaemenes King of Paphlagonia yet Crassus was overcome and slain in Battel his head brought to Aristonicus and his body buried at Smyrna Afterwards Perpenna the Roman Consul who succeeded Crassus hearing of the event of the War hastened into Asia and having overcome Aristonicus in Battel compelled him through want of Provision to a surrendry at the City Stratonice whither he had fled Aristonicus was strangled in Prison at Rome by the command of the Senate but Perpenna could not enjoy his triumph dying in his return home at Pergamum In the Consulship of Lucius Caecilius Metellus and Titus Quintius Flaminius Carthage in Africa by the command of the Senate was rebuilt as it is in my time two and twenty years after Scipio destroy'd it the Romans planting a Colony there In the six hundred twenty seventh year from the building of the City Caius Cassius Longinus and Sextus Domitius Calvinus being Consuls waged War with the Gauls on the other side of the Alps and the Arverni with Bituitus their King killing a great multitude of them at the River Rhodanus the spoil was great from the very Chains taken from them Bituitus surrender'd himself
from Athens and took the City afterwards a Battel being fought with Archelaus he so overthrew him that out of his hundred and twenty thousand there scarce remain'd ten and of Sylla's Army onely fourteen were slain Mithridates upon the news of this Battel recruited Archelaus with eighty thousand chosen Men out of Asia with whom Sylla fought again In the first Battel twenty thousand of the Enemy were slain with Diogenes the Son of Archelaus In the second all the Forces of Mithridates were cut off Archelaus himself three days lying hid in the Marshes Mithridates upon hearing of this began to treat with Sylla At that time also Sylla overcame the greatest part of the Dardani Scordisci Dalmatians and Moesians and received the rest into his protection When Embassadours came from King Mithridates desiring a Peace Sylla answered that he would not grant it unless the King deserting those places which he was possessed of returned into his own Kingdom Yet afterwards in a personal Treaty Peace was made between them That Sylla hasting to the civil War might be in no danger in his absence For whilst Sylla overcame Mithridates in Achaia and Asia Marius who was fled and Cornelius Cinna one of the Consuls renewed the War in Italy and having entred the City Rome slew the most Noble and consular Men of the Senate and proscribed many having pulled down the House of Sylla they compelled his Sons and Wife to secure themselves by flight every one of the Senate that remain'd flying out of the City came to Sylla in Greece intreating him that he would succour his native Country He passed over into Italy to fight against Norbanus and Scipio the Consuls he fought the first Battel against Norbanus not far from Capua where he slew seven thousand of the Enemy and took six thousand with the loss of one hundred twenty four of his own Then he marched against Scipio but before the Battel Scipio surrendred his Army without bloodshed But upon the new Election of Consuls at Rome Marius the Son of Marius and Papirius Carbo being chose Sylla fought Marius the younger and fifteen thousand of the Enemy being slain lost four hundred Men. Afterwards entring the City and pursuing Marius the younger to Praeneste he besieged him there and forced him to kill himself Then he had a fierce Battel with Lamponius and Carinates Captains of Marius's Party at the Gate Collina Eighty thousand Men were reported to have been in the Army against Sylla twelve thousand yielded themselves the rest were either slain in Battel in the Camp or in flight so unsatiable was the revenge of the Conquerors Cnaeus Carbo the other Consul fled from Ariminum into Sicily and there was slain by Cnaeus Pompeius whom but a young Man twenty one years of age Sylla upon the observation of his industry had made Commander of his Armies with the esteem of being next to himself Upon the death of Carbo Pompey recovered Sicily and passing into Africa slew Domitius one of Marius's Faction and Hiarbas King of Mauritania who aided Domitius After these things Sylla triumphed for conquering Mithridates with great Glory And Cnaeus Pompeius in the twenty fourth year of his age which never had been granted to any of the Romans triumphed for his Victory in Africa Thus these two cruel Wars ended the Italian which is called the Social and the Civil War both which carried on for the space of ten years destroyed above a hundred and fifty thousand twenty four Consular Men eight Praetors sixty Aediles and almost three hundred Senators The Sixth Book OF EVTROPIVS The Wars with Sertorius with the Gladiators and the Pirats the end of the Mithridatic The conquest of Crete and of Tigranes King of Armenia The Catilinarian Conspiracy the death of Crassus in Parthia the Wars in Gaul by Julius Caesar with the civil War between him and Pompey From V. C. 675 to 710. By Mr. Leonard Powel IN the Consulship of Marcus Aemilius and Quintus Catulus when Sylla had setled the Commonwealth new Wars arose one in Spain another in Pamphylia and Cilicia the third in Macedonia the fourth in Dalmatia For Sertorius who was of Marius's Party against Sylla fearing the fate of those who were slain stirr'd up the Spaniards to the War Quintus Caecilius Metellus his Son who overcame King Jugurtha and Lucius Domitius the Praetor were sent Generals against him Domitius was slain by Hirtulejus one of Sertorius's Captains But Metellus fought Sertorius with various success Afterwards when he was thought unfit by himself to manage the War Cnaeus Pompeius was sent into Spain Sertorius fought with variety of fortune against these two Generals till at last killed in the eighth year of the War by his own Soldiers Thus the War was ended by Cnaeus Pompeius a young Man and Quintus Metellus Pius and almost all Spain subdu'd by the Romans Appius Claudius after his Consulship being sent into Macedonia Skirmish'd with several people of the Province Rhodopa and there falling sick died Cnaeus Scribonius after the expiration of his Consulship was sent to succeed him he overcoming the Dardani marched a Conqueror even to the Danube and obtain'd a Triumph having ended the War in three years Publius Servilius a valiant Man was sent Proconsul into Cilicia and Pamphylia After the Conquest of Cilicia he besieged and took the best Cities of Lycia amongst these he took Phaselis Olympus with Corycus of Cilicia then going against the Isauri and they submitting he ended the War in three years The first of all the Romans that marched to the Mountain Taurus returning home he received a Triumph according to his merits and had the name of Isauricus Cnaeus Cosconius being Proconsul was sent into Illyricum he subdued the greatest part of Dalmatia took Salonae and ending the War returned to Rome in three year At the same time Marcus Aemilius Lepidus Catulus's fellow Consul would have raised a civil War but his insurrection was suppress'd in one Summer Then many received their triumphs together Metellus and Pompey from Spain Curio from Macedonia and Servilius from Isauria In the year of the City six hundred seventy six in the Consulship of L. Licinius Lucullus and Marcus Aurelius Cotta Nicomedes King of Bithynia died and made the Romans his Heir Mithridates having broken the Peace would have again invaded Asia and Bithynia Both the Consuls sent against him had various success for Cotta was overcome by Mithridates in a Battel at Chalcedon and being driven into the City was besieged there But when Mithridates marched from thence to Cyzicus that taking it he might invade all Asia Lucullus the other Consul encountred him and whilst Mithridates was busie in the Siege of Cyzicus he blocked him up in the Rear and overcame him in many Battels At last driving him to Byzantium now call'd Constantinople Lucullus also overcame his Captains in a Sea-fight Thus in one Summer and Winter Lucullus destroy'd almost an hundred thousand of Mithridates Soldiers In the year of the City
time Emperors were only saluted he commanded the people to worship him as a God he wore Jewels upon his Cloaths and Shooes whereas before the Badg of Royalty consisted in a Purple Coat the other dress was in common but Herculius in outward appearance fierce and of a rude disposition discover'd his roughness in the horror of his countenance but smoothing his own nature he obey'd Dioclesian in his more severe designs Dioclesian when he grew old finding himself unfit to govern the Empire mov'd Herculius to live a private life and give up the Common-wealth to brisker and younger men to which his Collegue unwillingly consented yet both of them upon a certain day chang'd the Royal Robe for a Private Habit Dioclesian at Nicomedia Herculius at Mediolanum after they had gloriously triumph'd at Rome over a great many Nations with a magnificent shew of Pageants in which the Wives Sisters and Children of Narseus went before their Chariot one of them retir'd to Salonae the other to Lucania Dioclesian as a private man spun out an honorable old age at a place near Salonae exercising himself in Virtue unusual to him before He was the only man after the foundation of the Roman Empire that of his own accord descended from so high a pitch to a private condition for which reason this hapned to him which never did to any other that tho dying a private man he should be consecrated a God The Tenth Book OF EVTROPIVS Constantius Galerius Licinius Constantinus with his three Sons and Successors also Julianus Jovianus with other Roman Synchronisms From A. C. 1056. to 1119. By Mr. John Shadwell THerefore Dioclesian and Herculius retiring Constantius and Galerius were created Emperours to govern the Commonwealth and the Roman Empire was divided between them Constantius had Gaul Italy and Africa Galerius possessed himself of Illyricum Asia and the Eastern parts having chosen two Caesars But Constantius satisfied with the honour of being Emperour refused the trouble of governing Italy and Africa he was an excellent Man and of most extraordinary civility extreamly gracious to his Allies and private Persons he cared not for the fulness of his Exchequer and was better pleased to have the publick wealth in the hands of private Men than shut up in one fund He affected Pomp so little that on festival Days if he were to feast with many of his Friends he borrowed furniture and Plate from private persons to entertain them The Gauls not onely loved this Man but even reverenced him chiesly because under his power they had escaped the suspected policy of Dioclesian and the bloody rashness of Maximianus he died in Britanny at York in the thirteenth year of his Reign and was consecrated amongst the God Galerius was a Man well bred and famous in warlike matters when he found that the government of Italy fell under his Command by the consent of Constantius he ordained two Caesars But Constantius being dead Constantine his Son by a Wife of mean quality was made Emperour in Brittany and as one most desireable succeeded his Father In the mean while the Praetorian Band at Rome having raised a mutiny proclaimed Maxentius the Son of Herculius Emperour who lived publickly not far from Rome at which news Maximianus Herculius hoping to reassume the power he had unwillingly forsaken came soon to Rome from Lucania where as a private man he had chosen to dwell growing old in that most pleasant Country He persuaded Dioclesian also by Letters but in vain to re-take the Power he had laid down But Severus Caesar being sent to Rome by Galerius against the insurrection of the Praetorian Soldiers arrived there with his Army but besieging the City his Soldiers basely deserted him thus Maxentius his power was encreased and the Empire confirm'd to him Severus in his flight was slain at Ravenna but Herculius Maximianus after these things endeavouring to depose his Son Maxentius in an Assembly of the Army made the Soldiers mutiny and revile him Upon this he went to Gaul with a treacherous Design to associate himself with his Son-in-law Constantine as if his own Son had expelled him but endeavouring whenever he had an opportunity to kill Constantine who reigned in Gaul much beloved both by his Soldiers and the Natives having beaten the Franci and the Alamanni he exposed their Captive Kings to wild Beasts at his publick and noble Show Wherefore his treachery being detected by his Daughter Fausta who discovered the Villany to her Husband Herculius fled to Massilia and there slain intending to sail from thence to his Son was punish'd with a just Death He was a Man prone to all kind of roughness and cruelty unfaithful injurious and very barbarous Now Galerius made Licinius Emperour being a Dacian having been formerly acquainted with him and acceptable to him for his great endeavours and services in the War he made against Narseus Galerius soon after died then the Commonwealth was governed by these four Emperours Constantine and Maxentius Sons of Emperours Licinius and Maximinus being Upstarts But Constantine in the fifth year of his Reign raised a Civil War against Maxentius and routed his Forces in a great many Battels at last at the Milvian Bridg he conquer'd him who had raged with all kind of cruelty against the Nobility at Rome and so gained Italy Not long after Maximinus attempting an insurrection in the East against Licinius his own accidental death at Tarsus prevented his intended destruction But Constantine was a great Man and endeavouring to perform all that he had designed in his mind also affecting the Government of all the World he brought War upon Licinius although he was familiarly acquainted with him and nearly related to him his Sister Constantia being married to Licinius on a sudden he set upon him first in Pannonia and then as he was gathering together great Forces at the City Cibalae and having gained all Dardania Moesia and Macedonia he possessed himself of a great many Provinces Afterwards there arose several Wars between them and the Peace which was made broken in the end Licinius conquer'd in a Sea-fight and at Land at Nicomedia yielded up himself and was killed a private Man at the City Thessalonica contrary to the sincerity of a solemn Oath Then the Roman Empire was under one Emperour and three Caesars never so before Constantine's Sons governing Gaul the Eastern parts and Italy but this wonderful success somewhat alter'd Constantine from his tractable and gentle temper So that first persecuting his nearest Friends he killed his Sisters Son an excellent young Man and of a very good disposition and after the slaughter of very many of his Friends he put his Wife to death He was a Man in the beginning of his Reign to be compared with the best of Princes but at last to be ranked with the indifferent adorned with a great many Virtues both of Mind and Body very ambitious of Military honour Fortune was successful to him in War but his industry was as great
as his Fortune For after the Civil War he often beat the Goths and at last having granted them peace he left even amongst those Barbarians a great remembrance of his favour He was addicted to civil Arts and generous Exercises an affector of true Friendship which he altogether sought to procure by his liberality and easiness as he was severe to some of his Friends so he was extraordinary kind to the rest letting no opportunity slip to make them rich and eminent He made a great many Laws some good and just very many superfluous and some severe He first attempted to advance the City Constantinople called after his own name to so great a pitch as to make it equal with Rome in his Design to make War against the Parthians who had harassed Mesopotamia he died in a publick Vill of the City Nicomedia in the one and thirtieth year of his Reign and the sixty sixth of his age His Death was foretold by a blazing Star called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which of an unusual bigness appeared for some time and he was deservedly made a God He left three of his own Sons and one of his Brothers to succeed him but Dalmatius Caesar a most hopeful Man not unlike his Uncle was slain a while after by a Military Faction with the consent rather than by the command of his Cousin Constantius Moreover Constans his Captains slew Constantine making War against his Brother and unadvisedly fighting at the City Aquileia Thus the Commonwealth was reduced to two Emperours Constans his Reign for some time was great and just afterwards through sickness and the persuasions of some of his worst Friends being grown vicious and intolerable to the Subjects of the Provinces and unacceptable to his Soldiers he was slain by the Faction of Maxentius not far from Spain in a Castle called Helena in the eighteenth year of his Reign and the thirteenth of his age He performed a great many valiant actions in War and was terrible to his Army all his life-time without much cruelty Constantius his fortune was various for he suffer'd very many injuries from the Persians who had oftentimes sacked his Towns besieged his Cities and beaten his Armies never had he any success in Battel against King Sapores unless at Singara where the eagerness of his Soldiers lost in probability a certain Victory who tumultuously and foolishly against the reason of War demanded to fight the day being far spent After the death of Constans Magnentius having got Italy Africa and Gaul there arose an insurrection in Illyricum Veteranio being made Emperour by the consent of the Soldiers and now a very old Man and beloved by all by reason of his long continuance and success in War was chosen Prince and Governour of Illyricum He was a virtuous Man observing the ancient Roman manners and of obliging civility but ignorant of all liberal Sciences so that he did not learn even the rudiments of Learning till he was old and made Emperour but Constantius who to revenge his Brothers Death had raised a Civil War put an end to the Reign of Veteranio who after a new and unusual manner by the agreement of the Soldiers was forced to lay down the Imperial Power There arose also a mutiny at Rome by the means of Nepotianus Constantine's Sisters Son who seizing upon the Empire with a party of Gladiators met with a Death worthy of his cruel beginnings being slain on the eight and twentieth day by Magnentius his Captains and his head carried all about the City upon a Javelin There were great Proscriptions and much slaughter of the Nobility at that time Not long after Magnentius was put to flight and very near taken in the Battel at Mursa the great strength of the Romans in that fight was much weaken'd even Soldiers that were fit to manage any forein Wars and might have procured security and many Triumphs to the Commonwealth Soon after Constantius sent Gallus his Uncles Son as Caesar to the East and Magnentius beaten in several Battels in the third year and the seventh month of his Reign killed himself at Lugdunum as his Brother Decentius whom he had sent with an Imperial Authority to govern Gaul did also among the Senones At this time Constantius also having committed a great many out-rages killed Gallus Caesar a man fierce by nature and prone to tyranny if he had been absolute Sylvanus also attempting an Insurrection in Gaul died before the thirtieth day then Constantius was the only Prince and Augustus of the Roman Empire Soon after he sent Julian Caesar to Gaul who was his Cousin and the Brother of Gallus having given him his Sister in marriage At that time the Barbarians sacked a great many Towns besieged others and had horribly wasted all places The Roman Empire by these misfortunes was in a tottering condition by whom with indifferent Forces the great Army of the Alamanni was suppressed at Argentoratum a City of Gaul their most considerable King was taken and Gaul was regained to the Empire This Julian afterwards performed a great many valiant actions against the Barbarians and drove the Germans beyond the River Rhine and restored the Roman Empire to its former Confines Not long after when the German Army was removed from their Garrison in Gaul Julian was chosen Emperor by the Soldiers and after a years space he marched to gain Illyricum whilst Constantius was busie in managing the Parthian Wars who died in his march between Cilicia and Cappadocia in the eight and thirtieth year of his Reign and the five and fortieth of his age and deserved to be numbred amongst the Gods he was a man of an exceeding calm temper easie and giving too much credit to his friends and familiars he was also too uxorious but in the first years of his Reign he behaved himself with great modesty he also enriched his friends nor did let any of them want honor whose industrious services he had made use of yet inclinable to seseverity if he grew jealous of any design upon his Empire but otherwise mild whose success was greater in the Civil than in Forein Wars After this Julian gained the Empire and with great preparation made War with the Parthiuns in which Expedition I my self was present he made some Towns and Castles of the Persians to surrender or else took them by force and having depopulated Assyria he encamp'd for some time at the Town Ctesiphon and returning Conqueror was slain by the Enemy whilst he too rashly pressed on in the Battel on the sixth of the Kalends of July in the seventh year of his Reign and the one and thirtieth of his age and was translated amongst the Gods an extraordinary man designing admirarably to govern the Commonwealth if he had lived he was very skilful in Liberal Sciences and much more learned in Greek than in Latin he was very eloquent and had a memory most ready and tenacious and in some things more resembling a Philosopher he