the_o three_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n he_o march_v towards_o they_o leave_v ten_o cohorte_n and_o 300_o horse_n for_o a_o garizon_n to_o his_o ship_n which_o he_o the_o less_o fear_v because_o it_o lay_v at_o anchor_n in_o a_o soft_a and_o open_a shore_n he_o march_v that_o night_n about_o 12_o mile_n before_o he_o find_v the_o enemy_n the_o britain_n send_v out_o their_o horse_n and_o chariot_n to_o a_o river_n that_o run_v between_o they_o and_o the_o roman_n and_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o upper_a ground_n begin_v to_o hinder_v the_o roman_n and_o to_o give_v they_o battle_n but_o be_v beat_v back_o with_o our_o horseman_n they_o convey_v themselves_o into_o a_o wood_n the_o place_n be_v strong_o fortify_v both_o by_o art_n and_o nature_n and_o make_v for_o a_o defence_n as_o it_o seem_v in_o their_o civil_a war_n for_o all_o the_o entrance_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o great_a tree_n lay_v overthwart_o the_o passage_n and_o the_o britain_n be_v show_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o wood_n but_o here_o and_o there_o not_o suffer_v the_o roman_n to_o enter_v the_o fortification_n but_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o seven_o legion_n with_o a_o testudo_fw-la which_o they_o make_v and_o a_o mount_n which_o they_o raise_v take_v the_o place_n and_o drive_v they_o all_o out_o of_o the_o wood_n without_o any_o loss_n at_o all_o save_v some_o few_o wound_n which_o they_o receive_v but_o caesar_n forbid_v his_o man_n to_o follow_v after_o they_o with_o any_o long_a pursuit_n because_o he_o be_v both_o ignorant_a of_o the_o place_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o day_n be_v spend_v he_o will_v employ_v the_o rest_n thereof_o in_o the_o fortification_n of_o his_o camp_n observation_n caesar_n have_v take_v what_o assurance_n of_o peace_n he_o can_v with_o the_o gall_n both_o by_o carry_v the_o chief_a of_o their_o prince_n with_o he_o and_o by_o leave_v three_o legion_n in_o the_o continent_n to_o keep_v the_o vulgar_a people_n in_o obedience_n he_o embark_v all_o his_o man_n at_o one_o place_n that_o they_o may_v be_v all_o partaker_n of_o the_o same_o casualty_n and_o take_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o same_o adventure_n which_o be_v neglect_v the_o year_n before_o draw_v he_o into_o many_o inconvenience_n for_o want_n of_o horse_n which_o be_v embark_v at_o a_o other_o haven_n meet_v with_o other_o chance_n and_o see_v other_o fortune_n and_o never_o come_v to_o he_o into_o brittany_n the_o place_n of_o land_v in_o this_o second_o voyage_n be_v the_o same_o where_o he_o land_v the_o year_n before_o and_o by_o the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o history_n may_v agree_v with_o that_o which_o tradition_n have_v deliver_v of_o deal_n in_o kent_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o caesar_n land_v in_o the_o first_o year_n we_o find_v that_o he_o never_o remove_v his_o camp_n from_o the_o sea_n shore_n where_o he_o first_o seat_v himself_o although_o his_o man_n go_v out_o to_o bring_v in_o corn_n as_o far_o as_o they_o may_v well_o return_v again_o at_o night_n but_o now_o he_o enter_v further_o into_o the_o island_n and_o within_o twelve_o mile_n march_n come_v unto_o a_o river_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o of_o canturbury_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n at_o sandwich_n in_o that_o he_o say_v that_o the_o garizon_n of_o his_o ship_n consist_v of_o ten_o cohorte_n which_o i_o have_v say_v to_o be_v a_o legion_n we_o must_v understande_v that_o caesar_n leave_v not_o a_o entire_a legion_n in_o that_o garizon_n but_o he_o take_v ten_o cohort_n out_o of_o his_o whole_a force_n peradventure_o two_o out_o of_o every_o legion_n and_o appoint_v they_o to_o take_v the_o charge_n of_o his_o ship_n chap._n iii_o caesar_n return_v to_o his_o navy_n to_o take_v order_n for_o such_o loss_n as_o have_v happen_v by_o tempest_n the_o night_n before_o the_o next_o day_n early_o in_o the_o morning_n he_o divide_v his_o force_n into_o 3._o company_n and_o send_v they_o out_o to_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n caesar_n but_o before_o they_o have_v march_v any_o far_a distance_n and_o come_v to_o have_v the_o rearward_n of_o the_o enemy_n in_o view_n there_o come_v news_n from_o q._n atrius_n with_o who_o he_o leave_v the_o ten_o cohort_n and_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o ship_n that_o the_o night_n before_o there_o be_v such_o a_o tempest_n at_o sea_n that_o the_o whole_a navy_n be_v either_o sore_a beat_a or_o cast_v on_o shore_n and_o that_o neither_o anchor_n nor_o gable_n can_v hold_v they_o nor_o yet_o the_o sailor_n endure_v the_o force_n of_o the_o weather_n and_o that_o there_o be_v great_a loss_n in_o the_o ship_n by_o run_v against_o one_o another_o in_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o tempest_n upon_o these_o news_n caesar_n cause_v the_o legion_n to_o be_v call_v back_o again_o and_o to_o cease_v for_o that_o time_n from_o follow_v the_o enemy_n any_o further_a he_o himself_o return_v to_o the_o navy_n where_o he_o find_v 40._o ship_n lose_v and_o the_o rest_n not_o to_o be_v repair_v but_o with_o great_a industry_n and_o pain_n first_o therefore_o he_o choose_v shipwrite_v and_o carpenter_n out_o of_o the_o legion_n and_o cause_v other_o to_o be_v send_v for_o out_o of_o gallia_n and_o write_v to_o labienus_n to_o make_v ready_a what_o ship_v he_o can_v and_o although_o it_o seem_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n and_o much_o labour_n yet_o he_o think_v it_o best_o to_o hale_v up_o all_o the_o ship_n on_o shore_n and_o to_o enclose_v they_o within_o the_o fortification_n of_o his_o camp_n in_o this_o business_n he_o spend_v ten_o day_n without_o intermission_n either_o of_o night_n or_o day_n until_o he_o have_v draw_v up_o the_o ship_n and_o strong_o fortify_v the_o camp_n leave_v the_o same_o garrison_n which_o be_v there_o before_o to_o defend_v it_o the_o observation_n wherein_o we_o may_v behold_v the_o true_a image_n of_o undaunted_a valour_n and_o the_o horrible_a industry_n as_o tully_n term_v it_o which_o he_o use_v to_o prevent_v fortune_n of_o her_o stroke_n in_o his_o business_n and_o comprehend_v casualty_n and_o future_a contingent_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o order_n and_o the_o bound_n of_o his_o own_o power_n be_v able_a in_o ten_o day_n space_n to_o set_v almost_o eight_o hundred_o ship_n from_o the_o hazard_n of_o wind_n and_o weather_n and_o to_o make_v his_o camp_n the_o road_n for_o his_o navy_n that_o so_o he_o may_v rest_v secure_a of_o a_o mean_n to_o return_v at_o his_o pleasure_n chap._n four_o the_o britain_n make_v cassivellaunus_n general_a in_o this_o war_n the_o island_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n describe_v caesar_z returning_z to_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o he_o come_v caesar_n find_v far_o great_a force_n of_o the_o britan_n there_o assemble_v than_o he_o leave_v when_o he_o go_v to_o the_o navy_n and_o that_o by_o public_a consent_n of_o the_o britain_n the_o whole_a government_n of_o that_o war_n be_v give_v to_o cassivellaunus_n who_o kingdom_n lie_v divide_v from_o the_o maritimate_a state_n with_o the_o river_n thames_n begin_v at_o the_o sea_n &_o extend_v itself_o 80._o mile_n into_o the_o island_n this_o cassivellaunus_n make_v continual_a war_n with_o his_o neighbour_n state_n but_o upon_o the_o come_n of_o the_o roman_n they_o all_o forget_v their_o homebred_a quarrel_n and_o cast_v the_o whole_a government_n upon_o his_o shoulder_n as_o the_o fit_a to_o direct_v that_o war_n the_o inner_a part_n of_o brittany_n be_v inhabit_v by_o such_o as_o memory_n record_v to_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o island_n and_o the_o maritimate_a coast_n by_o such_o as_o come_v out_o of_o belgia_n either_o to_o make_v incursion_n or_o invasion_n and_o after_o the_o war_n be_v end_v they_o continue_v in_o the_o possession_n they_o have_v gain_v and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v the_o country_n be_v very_o populous_a and_o well_o inhabit_v with_o house_n much_o like_a unto_o they_o in_o gallia_n they_o have_v great_a store_n of_o cattle_n and_o use_v brass_n for_o money_n or_o iron_n ring_v weigh_v at_o a_o certain_a rate_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a part_n there_o be_v find_v great_a quantity_n of_o tyn_n and_o in_o the_o maritimate_a part_n iron_n their_o brass_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o other_o nation_n they_o have_v all_o sort_n of_o tree_n that_o they_o have_v in_o gallia_n except_v the_o fig_n and_o the_o beech._n their_o religion_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o eat_v either_o hair_n hen_n or_o goose_n notwithstanding_o they_o have_v of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o for_o novelty_n as_o variety_n the_o country_n be_v more_o temperate_a and_o not_o so_o cold_a as_o gallia_n the_o island_n lie_v triangle_n wise_a whereof_o one_o side_n confront_v gallia_n of_o which_o side_n that_o angle_n wherein_o kent_n be_v point_v
far_o spend_v and_o may_v easy_o be_v linger_v out_o he_o command_v pledge_n to_o be_v bring_v unto_o he_o and_o set_v down_o what_o yearly_a tribute_n the_o britain_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o roman_n the_o hostage_n be_v take_v he_o carry_v back_o his_o army_n to_o the_o sea_n embark_v his_o man_n and_o arrive_v safe_a with_o all_o his_o ship_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o gallia_n the_o observation_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o war_n in_o brittany_n which_o afford_v little_a matter_n of_o discourse_n be_v indeed_o but_o a_o scamble_a war_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o britain_n themselves_o who_o after_o they_o have_v feel_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o roman_a legion_n will_v never_o adventure_v to_o buckle_v with_o they_o in_o any_o stand_a battle_n as_o also_o in_o regard_n that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o town_n in_o brittany_n as_o be_v record_v to_o have_v be_v in_o gallia_n which_o may_v have_v give_v great_a honour_n to_o the_o war_n if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o such_o to_o have_v be_v besiege_v and_o take_v in_o by_o caesar_n and_o although_o tacitus_n say_v that_o brittany_n be_v rather_o view_v then_o subdue_v by_o caesar_n be_v desirous_a to_o draw_v that_o honour_n to_o his_o father_n in_o law_n agricola_n yet_o we_o find_v here_o that_o the_o trinobantes_n which_o be_v more_o than_o either_o the_o skirt_n or_o the_o heart_n of_o brittany_n for_o our_o historian_n do_v understand_v they_o to_o have_v inhabit_v that_o part_n which_o lie_v as_o far_o as_o yorkshire_n and_o lancashire_n be_v bring_v under_o the_o roman_a empire_n by_o caesar_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o lay_v tribute_n upon_o brittany_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n or_o cast_v upon_o they_o the_o heavy_a name_n of_o a_o subdue_a people_n to_o the_o worthy_a knight_n sir_n robert_n drury_n sir_n my_o purpose_n be_v to_o have_v conclude_v these_o discourse_n with_o the_o end_n of_o the_o british_a war_n reserve_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o this_o five_o book_n for_o a_o entrance_n unto_o such_o observation_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o six_o and_o seven_o commentary_n which_o i_o intend_v to_o make_v a_o second_o part_n of_o this_o work_n but_o your_o desire_n to_o see_v the_o error_n of_o sabinus_n and_o cotta_n discover_v and_o the_o famous_a fight_n of_o q._n cicero_n in_o his_o winter_v camp_n have_v bring_v they_o forth_o somewhat_o before_o their_o time_n annex_v that_o to_o the_o first_o part_n which_o be_v mean_v for_o the_o latter_a if_o my_o labour_n shall_v be_v find_v too_o weak_a to_o deserve_v well_o of_o military_a design_n yet_o i_o think_v it_o very_o well_o employ_v in_o that_o it_o please_v you_o to_o give_v it_o the_o read_n and_o so_o rest_v ready_a to_o do_v you_o service_n c._n edmund_n chap._n viii_o caesar_n dispose_v his_o legion_n into_o their_o winteter_a camp_n after_o he_o have_v put_v his_o ship_n in_o harbour_n caesar_n and_o hold_v a_o council_n of_o the_o gall_n at_o quintin_n samarobrina_n forasmuch_o as_o that_o year_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o drought_n there_o be_v some_o scarcity_n of_o corn_n in_o gallia_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o garizon_n his_o army_n and_o to_o disperse_v they_o into_o more_o city_n than_o he_o have_v do_v the_o year_n before_o and_o 1_o he_o give_v one_o legion_n to_o caius_n fabius_n to_o be_v lead_v among_o the_o morini_n another_o to_o q._n cicero_n to_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o neruij_fw-la another_o to_o l._n roscius_n to_o be_v conduct_v to_o the_o essui_n a_o four_o he_o command_v to_o winter_n among_o the_o man_n of_o rheimes_n in_o the_o march_n of_o the_o treviri_n under_o t._n labienus_n three_o he_o place_v in_o belgia_n with_o who_o he_o send_v marcus_n crassus_n his_o quaestor_n l._n munatius_n planus_fw-la and_o c._n trebonius_n legate_n he_o send_v one_o legion_n that_o which_o he_o have_v last_o enrol_v beyond_o the_o river_n po_n in_o italy_n with_o five_o cohorte_n unto_o the_o eburones_n the_o great_a part_n of_o who_o country_n lie_v between_o the_o maze_n and_o the_o rhine_n with_o they_o he_o send_v q._n titurius_n sabinus_n and_o lucius_n arunculeius_fw-la cotta_n by_o distribute_v his_o legion_n in_o this_o manner_n he_o think_v to_o remedy_v the_o scarcity_n of_o corn_n and_o yet_o the_o garrizon_n of_o all_o these_o legion_n except_v that_o which_o roscius_n carry_v into_o a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a part_n be_v contain_v within_o the_o space_n of_o 100_o mile_n and_o until_o his_o legion_n be_v settle_v and_o their_o winter_v camp_n fortify_v he_o determine_v to_o abide_v in_o gallia_n the_o first_o observation_n i_o have_v hear_v it_o oftentimes_o contradict_v by_o some_o that_o understand_v not_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o multitude_n when_o it_o be_v say_v that_o a_o army_n keep_v head_n continual_o in_o one_o part_n of_o a_o kingdom_n be_v more_o burdensome_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o expense_n of_o victual_n then_o when_o it_o be_v disperse_v into_o particular_a city_n and_o family_n before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o muster_n and_o enrolment_n for_o say_v they_o in_o the_o general_a account_n of_o the_o public_a weal_n it_o differ_v nothing_o whether_o a_o multitude_n of_o 30000_o man_n be_v maintain_v with_o necessary_a provision_n in_o one_o entire_a body_n together_o or_o disperse_v particular_o throughout_o every_o part_n of_o the_o country_n forasmuch_o as_o every_o man_n have_v but_o a_o competent_a quantity_n allot_v unto_o he_o which_o he_o can_v want_v in_o what_o sort_n or_o condition_n of_o life_n soever_o he_o be_v range_v neither_o do_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o multitude_n grow_v in_o regard_n they_o be_v unite_v together_o but_o in_o regard_n they_o amount_v to_o such_o a_o multitude_n wheresoever_o but_o such_o as_o look_v into_o the_o difference_n with_o judgement_n shall_v find_v a_o marvelous_a inequality_n both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o portion_n of_o victual_n which_o be_v spend_v and_o the_o mean_n whereby_o it_o be_v provide_v for_o first_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o a_o army_n lie_v continual_o in_o one_o place_n fall_v so_o heavy_a upon_o that_o part_n that_o it_o quick_o consume_v both_o the_o fat_a and_o the_o flesh_n as_o they_o say_v and_o leave_v nothing_o unspent_a which_o that_o part_n can_v afford_v they_o and_o without_o further_a supply_n of_o provision_n will_v in_o a_o small_a time_n come_v to_o utter_v destruction_n this_o want_n then_o must_v be_v relieve_v by_o take_v from_o the_o plenty_n of_o other_o border_a quarter_n to_o furnish_v the_o want_v of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n wherein_o there_o can_v be_v observe_v that_o proportion_n of_o moderate_a take_n to_o victual_n the_o army_n with_o a_o sufficient_a competency_n but_o the_o partial_a respect_n which_o the_o purueier_n and_o vittailer_n will_v have_v to_o their_o private_a commodity_n will_v quick_o make_v a_o inconvenience_n either_o in_o the_o country_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v take_v or_o in_o the_o army_n for_o which_o it_o be_v provide_v according_a as_o the_o error_n may_v best_a advantage_n their_o particular_a what_o discipline_n soever_o be_v establish_v in_o that_o behalf_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a part_n when_o every_o particular_a man_n of_o that_o multitude_n shall_v be_v billet_v in_o a_o several_a family_n throughout_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o charge_n will_v be_v so_o insensible_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o say_a family_n that_o the_o country_n will_v never_o feel_v any_o inconvenience_n and_o if_o every_o householder_n that_o have_v receive_v into_o his_o house_n one_o of_o the_o say_a army_n shall_v give_v a_o true_a account_n of_o that_o which_o rise_v above_o his_o ordinary_a expense_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o one_o man_n it_o will_v fall_v far_o short_a of_o that_o treasure_n which_o be_v necessary_o require_v to_o maintain_v the_o say_a number_n of_o man_n unite_v together_o into_o one_o body_n neither_o do_v the_o difference_n consist_v in_o the_o quantity_n of_o victual_n which_o every_o man_n have_v for_o his_o portion_n whether_o they_o be_v disperse_v or_o unite_v but_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o the_o mean_n which_o be_v use_v to_o maintain_v they_o wherein_o every_o master_n or_o steward_n of_o a_o family_n endeavour_v to_o make_v his_o provision_n at_o the_o best_a hand_n &_o so_o to_o husband_n it_o that_o it_o may_v serve_v for_o competency_n and_o not_o for_o superfluity_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n the_o general_a plenty_n of_o the_o country_n be_v maintain_v &_o the_o commonwealth_n flourish_v by_o well_o direct_v moderation_n but_o in_o the_o victual_v of_o a_o army_n there_o be_v no_o such_o respect_n have_v which_o may_v any_o way_n advantage_n the_o public_a good_a for_o there_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o purueier_n rise_v by_o experience_n &_o superfluous_a
which_o much_o direct_v they_o in_o this_o turbulent_a assault_n wherein_o they_o carry_v themselves_o as_o man_n acquaint_v with_o such_o casualty_n last_o the_o valour_n and_o undaunted_a judgement_n of_o the_o general_n which_o oversway_v the_o peril_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o bring_v it_o to_o so_o fortunate_a a_o end_n wherein_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o as_o in_o a_o temperate_a course_n when_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o battle_n rest_v upon_o his_o direction_n he_o whole_o intend_a wariness_n &_o circumspection_n so_o in_o the_o hazard_n and_o peril_n of_o good_a hap_n he_o confront_v extremity_n of_o danger_n with_o extremity_n of_o valour_n and_o overtop_v fury_n with_o a_o high_a resolution_n chap._n xii_o the_o aduatici_n betake_v themselves_o to_o a_o strong_a hold_n and_o be_v take_v by_o caesar_n the_o *_o aduatici_n before_o mention_v brabant_n come_v with_o all_o their_o power_n to_o aid_v the_o neruij_fw-la and_o understand_v by_o the_o way_n of_o their_o overthrow_n return_v home_o again_o and_o forsake_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o town_n and_o castle_n convey_v themselves_o and_o their_o wealth_n into_o one_o strong_a and_o well_o fortify_v town_n which_o be_v compass_v about_o with_o mighty_a rock_n and_o steep_a downfall_n save_v in_o one_o place_n of_o 200._o foot_n in_o breadth_n where_o there_o be_v a_o entry_n by_o a_o gentle_a and_o easy_a ascent_n which_o passage_n they_o have_v fortify_v with_o a_o double_a wall_n of_o a_o large_a altitude_n and_o have_v place_v mighty_a great_a stone_n and_o sharp_a beam_n upon_o the_o wall_n ready_a for_o a_o assault_n this_o people_n descend_v from_o the_o cimbri_n and_o teutoni_n who_o in_o their_o journey_n into_o italy_n have_v leave_v such_o carriage_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o rhine_n as_o they_o can_v not_o convenient_o take_v along_o with_o they_o in_o the_o custody_n of_o these_o force_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o fellow_n be_v many_o year_n disquiet_v by_o their_o neighbour_n sometime_o invade_v other_o state_n and_o sometime_o defend_v themselves_o at_o length_n procure_v a_o peace_n and_o choose_v this_o place_n to_o settle_v themselves_o in_o at_o the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o roman_a army_n they_o sally_v out_o of_o the_o town_n &_o make_v many_o light_a skirmish_n with_o they_o but_o after_o that_o caesar_n have_v draw_v a_o rampire_n about_o the_o town_n of_o 12_o foot_n in_o height_n 15_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o have_v fortify_v it_o with_o castle_n very_o thick_a about_o the_o town_n they_o keep_v themselves_o within_o the_o wall_n and_o as_o they_o behold_v the_o vine_n frame_v the_o mount_v raise_v and_o a_o tower_n in_o build_v a_o far_o off_o at_o first_o they_o begin_v to_o laugh_v at_o it_o and_o with_o scoff_a speech_n from_o the_o wall_n begin_v to_o ask_v with_o what_o hand_n &_o with_o what_o strength_n especial_o by_o man_n of_o that_o stature_n for_o the_o roman_n be_v but_o little_a man_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o gall_n a_o tower_n of_o that_o huge_a massy_a weight_n shall_v be_v bring_v unto_o the_o wall_n but_o when_o they_o see_v it_o remove_v and_o approach_v near_o unto_o the_o town_n as_o man_n astonish_v at_o the_o strange_a and_o unaccustomed_a sight_n thereof_o they_o send_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n to_o entreat_v a_o peace_n with_o this_o message_n they_o believe_v that_o the_o roman_n do_v not_o make_v war_n without_o the_o special_a assistance_n of_o the_o god_n that_o can_v with_o such_o facility_n transport_v engine_n of_o that_o height_n &_o bring_v they_o to_o encounter_v at_o hand_n against_o the_o strong_a part_n of_o their_o town_n and_o therefore_o they_o submit_v both_o themselves_o and_o all_o that_o they_o have_v to_o caesar_n mercy_n desire_v one_o thing_n of_o his_o mere_a clemency_n that_o he_o will_v not_o take_v away_o their_o arm_n forasmuch_o as_o all_o their_o neighbour_n be_v enemy_n unto_o they_o and_o envy_v at_o their_o valour_n neither_o be_v they_o able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o if_o they_o shall_v deliver_v up_o their_o armour_n so_o that_o they_o have_v rather_o suffer_v any_o inconvenience_n by_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n then_o to_o be_v butcherly_a murder_v by_o they_o who_o in_o former_a time_n they_o have_v hold_v subject_a to_o their_o command_n to_o this_o caesar_n answer_v that_o he_o will_v save_v the_o city_n rather_o of_o his_o own_o custom_n they_o for_o any_o desert_n of_o they_o so_o that_o they_o yield_v before_o the_o ram_n touch_v the_o wall_n but_o no_o condition_n of_o remedy_n shall_v be_v accept_v without_o present_a delivery_n of_o their_o arm_n for_o he_o will_v do_v by_o they_o as_o he_o have_v do_v by_o the_o neruij_fw-la and_o give_v commandment_n to_o their_o neighbour_n that_o they_o shall_v offer_v no_o wrong_n to_o such_o as_o have_v commend_v their_o safety_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n this_o answer_n be_v return_v to_o the_o city_n they_o seem_v content_v to_o do_v whatsoever_o he_o command_v they_o and_o thereupon_o cast_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o armour_n over_o the_o wall_n into_o the_o ditch_n insomuch_o as_o they_o fill_v it_o almost_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rampire_n and_o yet_o as_o afterward_o be_v know_v conceal_v the_o three_o part_n they_o set_v open_v the_o gate_n and_o for_o that_o day_n carry_v themselves_o peaceable_o towards_o night_n caesar_n command_v the_o gate_n to_o be_v shut_v and_o the_o soldier_n to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o town_n but_o the_o aduatici_n have_v consult_v together_o before_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o believe_v that_o upon_o their_o submission_n the_o roman_n will_v either_o set_v no_o watch_n at_o all_o or_o at_o the_o least_o keep_v it_o very_o careless_o partly_o with_o such_o armour_n as_o they_o have_v retain_v and_o partly_o with_o target_n make_v of_o bark_n or_o wrought_v of_o wicker_n which_o upon_o the_o sudden_a they_o have_v cover_v over_o with_o leather_n about_o the_o three_o watch_n where_o the_o ascent_n to_o our_o fortification_n be_v easy_a they_o issue_v sudden_o out_o of_o the_o town_n with_o all_o their_o power_n but_o signification_n thereof_o be_v give_v by_o fire_n as_o caesar_n have_v command_v the_o roman_n haste_v speedy_o to_o that_o place_n the_o enemy_n fight_v very_o desperate_o as_o man_n in_o the_o last_o hope_n of_o their_o welfare_n incounter_v the_o roman_n in_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n at_o length_n with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o 4000_o the_o rest_n be_v drive_v back_o into_o the_o town_n the_o next_o day_n when_o caesar_n come_v to_o break_v open_a the_o gate_n and_o find_v no_o man_n at_o defence_n he_o send_v in_o the_o soldier_n and_o sell_v all_o the_o people_n and_o spoil_n of_o the_o town_n the_o number_n of_o person_n in_o the_o town_n amount_v to_o 53000._o bondslave_n the_o first_o observation_n in_o the_o surprise_n circunuallatio_n attempt_v by_o the_o belgae_n upon_o bibract_n i_o set_v down_o the_o manner_n which_o both_o the_o gall_n and_o the_o roman_n use_v in_o their_o sudden_a surprise_v of_o a_o town_n whereof_o if_o they_o fail_v the_o place_n import_v any_o advantage_n in_o the_o course_n of_o the_o war_n they_o then_o prepare_v for_o the_o siege_n in_o that_o manner_n as_o caesar_n have_v describe_v in_o this_o place_n they_o environ_v the_o town_n about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n and_o fortify_v the_o say_a rampire_n with_o many_o castle_n and_o fortress_n erect_v in_o a_o convenient_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o and_o so_o they_o keep_v the_o town_n from_o any_o foreign_a succour_n or_o relief_n and_o withal_o secure_v themselves_o from_o sally_n or_o other_o stratagern_n which_o the_o townsman_n may_v practice_v against_o they_o and_o this_o manner_n of_o siege_n be_v call_v circumuallatio_fw-la the_o particular_a description_n whereof_o commentary_n i_o refer_v unto_o the_o history_n of_o alesia_n where_o i_o will_v handle_v it_o according_a to_o the_o particular_n there_o set_v down_o by_o caesar_n the_o second_o observation_n the_o ram_n ram._n which_o caesar_n here_o mention_v be_v of_o great_a note_n among_o all_o the_o roman_a engine_n and_o hold_v that_o place_n which_o the_o canon_n have_v in_o our_o war_n vitrwius_fw-la do_v attribute_v the_o invention_n thereof_o to_o the_o carthagimans_n who_o at_o the_o take_n of_o cadiz_n want_v a_o fit_a instrument_n to_o raze_v and_o overthrow_v a_o castle_n cales_n they_o take_v a_o long_a beam_n or_o timber_n tree_n and_o bear_v it_o upon_o their_o arm_n and_o shoulder_n with_o the_o one_o end_n thereof_o they_o first_o break_v down_o the_o uppermost_a rank_n of_o stone_n and_o so_o descend_v by_o degree_n simplex_fw-la they_o overthrewe_v the_o whole_a tower_n the_o roman_n have_v two_o sort_n of_o ram_n the_o one_o be_v rude_a and_o plain_a the_o other_o artificial_a and_o compound_v the_o first_o be_v that_o which_o the_o carthaginian_n
it_o lie_v in_o ambush_n these_o set_n upon_o the_o roman_n renew_v the_o battle_n and_o there_o the_o fight_n continue_v hot_a a_o long_a time_n the_o sontiate_n be_v animate_v with_o the_o former_a victory_n see_v all_o the_o hope_n of_o aquitanie_n rely_v upon_o their_o virtue_n and_o the_o roman_n on_o the_o other_o side_n desire_v to_o show_v what_o they_o be_v able_a to_o do_v of_o themselves_o without_o their_o grand_a captain_n and_o under_o the_o conduction_n of_o a_o young_a soldier_n at_o length_n the_o enemy_n overwage_v with_o prowess_n and_o weary_v with_o wound_n betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n of_o who_o the_o roman_n slay_v a_o great_a number_n and_o then_o march_v direct_o to_o the_o town_n of_o the_o sontiate_n and_o lay_v siege_n unto_o if_o the_o siege_n grow_v hot_a on_o both_o side_n the_o roman_n approach_v the_o wall_n with_o vine_n turret_n and_o mount_n the_o townsman_n defend_v themselves_o some_o time_n by_o sally_v out_o sometime_o by_o undermine_v the_o mount_n and_o fortification_n wherein_o the_o aquitani_n be_v very_o skilful_a but_o when_o they_o perceive_v the_o industry_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o exceed_v all_o that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o do_v they_o entreat_v crassus_n to_o accept_v their_o rendry_n which_o be_v grant_v and_o all_o the_o army_n intend_v the_o delivery_n of_o their_o arm_n adcantuanus_n their_o chief_a magistrate_n flee_v out_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n at_o a_o other_o port_n of_o the_o city_n with_o 600._o devote_a companion_n who_o they_o call_v soldurij_fw-la but_o as_o they_o attempt_v to_o escape_v the_o soldier_n that_o keep_v that_o part_n of_o the_o fortification_n as_o they_o signify_v his_o cuasion_n by_o a_o clamour_n and_o shout_n the_o rest_n be_v take_v themselves_o to_o arm_n and_o so_o repel_v he_o again_o into_o the_o town_n where_o he_o desire_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o submissive_a multitude_n crassus_n have_v take_v hostage_n of_o they_o go_v into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o vocontij_fw-la the_o first_o observation_n these_o skilful_a and_o experience_a man_n which_o crassus_n send_v for_o out_o of_o all_o the_o city_n in_o aquitaine_n euocati_fw-la be_v those_o who_o the_o roman_n call_v euocati_fw-la such_o as_o be_v free_a from_o warfare_n and_o exempt_v by_o their_o law_n from_o give_v their_o name_n in_o muster_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o year_n or_o the_o magistracy_n which_o they_o have_v bear_v or_o for_o some_o other_o cause_n which_o give_v they_o that_o privilege_n and_o in_o that_o regard_n be_v send_v for_o by_o letter_n entreat_v their_o assistance_n in_o the_o carriage_n of_o that_o war_n as_o man_n well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o such_o business_n their_o place_n be_v nothing_o inferior_a to_o the_o centurion_n for_o advice_n and_o direction_n although_o they_o have_v no_o part_n in_o command_n or_o authority_n the_o second_o observation_n in_o this_o fight_n we_o may_v further_o observe_v their_o manner_n of_o defence_n against_o mount_v and_o cavaliero_n which_o we_o find_v chief_o to_o be_v mine_n josephus_n in_o the_o jewish_a war_n say_v that_o the_o roman_n have_v raise_v a_o exceed_a high_a mount_n the_o jew_n undermine_v the_o same_o with_o such_o art_n that_o as_o they_o dig_v underneath_o they_o support_v the_o mount_n with_o huge_a prop_n and_o plank_n that_o it_o may_v not_o shrink_v and_o watch_v a_o time_n of_o great_a advantage_n they_o set_v all_o the_o timber_n work_n which_o underprop_a the_o mount_n on_o fire_n which_o take_v fire_n with_o the_o help_n of_o brimstone_n and_o pitch_n the_o mount_n fall_v upon_o a_o sudden_a to_o the_o great_a terror_n and_o amazement_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o auaricum_n gall._n we_o find_v how_o the_o gall_n by_o undermine_v do_v take_v the_o earth_n from_o the_o mount_n as_o fast_o as_o it_o be_v carry_v unto_o it_o by_o the_o roman_n and_o so_o keep_v it_o from_o rise_v and_o make_v it_o uneffectual_a but_o if_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n make_v of_o wood_n or_o other_o combustible_a matter_n they_o seek_v then_o by_o all_o mean_n to_o burn_v it_o as_o it_o happen_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o massilia_n and_o oftentimes_o when_o both_o burn_a and_o undermine_v fail_v they_o confront_v it_o with_o a_o other_o mount_n within_o the_o wall_n to_o disappoint_v the_o disadvantage_n by_o equal_a contest_v of_o it_o and_o so_o make_v it_o unprofitable_a concern_v mine_n this_o much_o may_v i_o say_v without_o prejudice_n to_o that_o art_n that_o the_o chief_a point_n to_o be_v respect_v be_v these_o first_o the_o true_a distance_n to_o a_o design_v place_n which_o be_v best_a get_v by_o instrument_n and_o help_n of_o geometry_n where_o other_o mark_n of_o certainty_n be_v want_v secondlie_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o i_o that_o we_o may_v not_o err_v in_o our_o course_n which_o the_o compass_n afford_v thirdlie_o the_o strengthen_n of_o the_o mine_n with_o timber_n work_n if_o need_v require_v last_o the_o countermine_v and_o crossemeeting_n all_o which_o part_n have_v very_o many_o circumstance_n and_o require_v a_o large_a discourse_n then_o may_v be_v think_v pertinent_a for_o this_o place_n the_o three_o observation_n the_o strange_a contract_n between_o these_o soldurij_fw-la and_o their_o chieftain_n may_v well_o deserve_v a_o place_n among_o these_o observation_n especial_o consider_v the_o obligatorie_n condition_n which_o either_o party_n stand_v bind_v to_o observe_v for_o the_o captain_n be_v to_o make_v his_o soldurij_fw-la partaker_n of_o all_o his_o happiness_n in_o this_o life_n in_o regard_n whereof_o they_o be_v to_o take_v part_n of_o whatsoever_o ill_a chance_n or_o disaster_n shall_v happen_v to_o befall_v he_o if_o death_n which_o be_v the_o last_o end_n of_o all_o sensual_a misery_n take_v hold_v of_o their_o head_n these_o devote_a be_v tie_v voluntary_o to_o follow_v he_o the_o self_n same_o way_n neither_o in_o any_o memory_n be_v there_o over_o man_n find_v that_o refuse_v to_o die_v if_o he_o to_o who_o he_o be_v devote_a chance_v to_o be_v slay_v which_o bloody_a league_n of_o amity_n as_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n multiply_v particular_a destiny_n to_o a_o general_a calamity_n so_o be_v it_o dangerous_a in_o a_o well_o order_v state_n if_o the_o ringleader_n be_v either_o ambitious_a or_o seek_v to_o practice_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o good_a government_n for_o he_o himself_o will_v presume_v much_o upon_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o soldurij_fw-la and_o they_o on_o the_o other_o side_n must_v needs_o wish_v well_o to_o his_o attempt_n that_o be_v so_o interest_v in_o his_o life_n &_o death_n chap._n x._o the_o gall_n raise_v new_a force_n against_o crassus_n the_o barbarous_a gall_n be_v much_o trouble_v caesar_n that_o a_o town_n of_o that_o strength_n shall_v so_o soon_o be_v take_v and_o therefore_o they_o send_v ambassador_n into_o all_o quarter_n conjure_v one_o with_o another_o confirm_v their_o covenant_n with_o mutual_a hostage_n and_o levy_v what_o power_n they_o be_v able_a to_o make_v send_v for_o aid_n out_o of_o spain_n and_o from_o other_o state_n that_o border_v upon_o aquitaine_n at_o the_o come_n of_o these_o force_n they_o begin_v to_o make_v war_n with_o a_o great_a power_n and_o with_o many_o soldier_n of_o great_a fame_n for_o they_o appoint_v such_o leader_n as_o have_v see_v the_o experience_n of_o sertorius_n his_o war_n and_o be_v great_a in_o the_o opinion_n of_o man_n for_o their_o skill_n and_o knowledge_n in_o the_o art_n military_a these_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n begin_v to_o take_v place_n of_o advantage_n to_o fortify_v their_o camp_n and_o to_o intercept_v the_o roman_n from_o free_a passage_n of_o conuâ—ies_n and_o necessary_a intercourse_n which_o when_o crassus_n perceive_v and_o consider_v withal_o that_o his_o own_o force_n be_v so_o few_o that_o he_o can_v not_o well_o dismember_v they_o upon_o any_o service_n or_o advantage_n and_o that_o the_o enemy_n go_v out_o at_o his_o pleasure_n keep_v the_o passage_n and_o leave_v notwithstanding_o a_o sufficient_a garrison_n in_o his_o camp_n by_o which_o mean_v their_o corn_n and_o provision_n will_v in_o time_n grow_v scarce_o and_o the_o enemy_n wax_v every_o day_n strong_a he_o think_v it_o his_o best_a course_n not_o to_o linger_v any_o long_o but_o present_o to_o give_v they_o battle_n the_o matter_n be_v refer_v to_o a_o council_n of_o war_n when_o he_o understand_v that_o all_o man_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n he_o appoint_v the_o next_o day_n to_o give_v they_o battle_n and_o in_o the_o dawn_a putting_z his_o man_n in_o a_o double_a battle_n and_o place_v the_o auxiliarie_n force_v in_o the_o midst_n he_o attend_v to_o see_v what_o the_o enemy_n will_v do_v the_o gall_n although_o they_o be_v