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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A56069	A prospect of Hungary, and Transylvania with a catalogue of the kings of the one, and the princes of the other; together with an account of the qualities of the inhabitants, the commodites of the countries, the chiefest cities, towns, and strong-holds, rivers, and mountains. Whereunto is added an historical narrative of the bloody wars amongst themselves, and with the Turks; continued to this present year 1664. As also a brief description of Bohemia, Austria, Bavaria, Steirmark, Croatia, Dalmatia, Moravia, Silesia, Carinthia, Carniola, and some other adjacent countries contained in a mapp affixed hereunto: in which mapp all the places that are in the power of the Turk have a crescent, or half moon over them; and those in the possession of the Christians have a cross.		1664 (1664)	Wing P3808; ESTC R222509	39,973	58

Bishops-staffe one of the most Southern Towns in all this Tract Maximilian the late Duke of Bavaria out of his zeal to Popery sided with Ferdinand the second Emperor of Germany in his Wars Anno Christi 1620 and was General of his Armies against Frederick Count Elector Palatine chosen King of Bohemia In which having done great service to the Imperial and Roman interest he was by the said Ferdinand invested in the Upper Palatinate together with the Electoral dignity which at first was conferred upon him but for his life yet did the Electors of Menz Saxony and Brandenburg then Protest against it But afterwards in a Diet at Prague Anno Christi 1628 the Electorship was setled upon him and his Heirs for ever wherein he was also confirmed in the Treaty of Munster and the Palatine was made an eighth Elector The Kingdom of Bohemia described Bohemia dscribed Bohemia is compassed about with Woody Mountains sometimes part of the Hircinian Forrest It 's bounded on the East with Moravia On the West with the Upper Palatinate and Voitland On the North with Misnia Lusatia and some part of Silesia On the South with Parts of Bavaria and Austria It contains in compass about five hundred and fifty English Miles The Commodities The Soil is indifferently fruitfull and enriched with Mines of all sorts but Gold Tin they have in good plenty which was first found out there by a Cornish man banished out of England Anno Christi 1240. They have great store of Wood and in some of their Forrests a Beast called a Lomie which hath a Bladder under it's neck full of scalding water with which when he is hunted he so torments the Dogs that he easily escapes them of Corn they have sufficient but no Wine the air being sharp and piercing It yields store of exellent Safforn The Rivers The principal Rivers are 1. The Elb or Albis having it's Spring here 2. Egra 3. The Muldaw and 4. The Warts which three last empty themselves into the Elb which runs through the midst of the Country The best Captain The famousest Captain was Zisca who in eleven Battails fought against the Pope and his Confederates in the defence of the Hussites In all which he prevailed and went away victorious Insomuch as at his Death he willed the Bohemians to flea him and make a Drum of his skin the sound whereof would drive away their enemies The best Schollars they had The best Schollars were John Huss and Jerome of Prague both burnt at the Council of Constance Anno Christi 1414. They learned their Doctrine from the Books of Wickliff brought thither by a young Schollar who had been a Student in Oxford Towns of most note in Bohemia are 1. Budweis The chief Towns towards Austria 2. August neer the head of the Elb. 3. Tabor a strong Town built by Zisca to be a place of retreat for his Hussites thence called Taborites 4. Jaromir 5. Molmuck both upon the Elb. 6. Littomissel a Bishops See bordering upon Moravia 7. Pilsen the last Town taken by the Imperialists in the War about the Crown betrayed to Tilly for mony by some of Count Manfields Souldiers in his absence 8. Elbogen situated on the River Egra much esteemed for it's Baths 9. Egra upon the same River A strong Town upon the borders of the Upper Palatinate It s a large City of three miles Compass having a sweet air elegant buildings a pleasant site and a rich Soil Superior in these things to Prague it self 10. Prague Prague described the Metropolis of the Kingdom seated in the middest thereof upon the River Mulda It consists of four several Towns each of which hath it's several Customs Laws and Magistrates The principal is called the Old Town adorned with goodly Buildings a spacious Market-place and a stately Counsel-house The second is called the New Town separated from the former by a deep and wide Ditch The third is called the Little Town divided from the Old by the River Mulda joyned to it by a beautiful Bridge consisting of twenty four Arches and in this part is the Hill Rachine on the sides whereof are many fair and stately buildings belonging to the Nobility and over them is a strong Castle and Pallace for the Kings place of residence The fourth Town is that of the Jews wherein they have five Synagogues and live after their own Law The whole City is rather large than fair the streets in Winter dirty and yielding an ill smell in Summer and it 's but a weak place In it is a University Neer to it was fought that Battel between the Duke of Bavaria and Bucquoy for the Emperor Ferdinand the second on the one side with fifty thousand men and Frederick newly Elected King of Bohemia and the Prince of Anhalt and Count Thurne with thirty thousand men on the other side wherein the Imperialists prevailed the young Prince of Anhalt Thurne Saxon Weimar and many others were taken Prisoners the Kings Ordinance surprised and Prague forced to yield to the Conquerers and the King and Queen of Bohemia were driven presently to fly into Silesia Moravia described Moravia described Moravia is bounded on the East with Hungary On the West with Bohemia On the North with Silesia and on the South with the Lower Austria and the River Teja It 's the most fruitful place for Corn in all Germany and hath much Frankincense which as other doth comes not out of Trees but grows out of the Earth The chief Towns Places of most note in it are 1. Olmunts on the River Mark wherein is a small University 2. Brinn on the River Schwats the seat of the ancient Marquesses and divers others about which there is nothing memorable In this Country neer Silesia is the Spring-head of the River Odera Silesia described Silesia described Silesia called by the Dutch Schlesi is bounded on the East with Poland On the West with Lusatia On the North with Brandenburg and on the South with Moravia It 's wholly encompassed with Mountains except on the North which lets in a sharp air upon them and the Midland is full of Woods The chief Towns The Chief Cities are 1. Jagendorse 2. Munsterberg 3. Glatz the last Town that held out for King Frederick 4. Glogaw a strong Town on the River Odera 5. Niesse on a River so named a Bishops See 6. Breslaw in Latine Vratislavia a Bishops See on the River Odera It 's well built populous and well contrived with open and even streets 7. Oppolen upon the Odera well fortified both by Art and Nature having a strong Castle in it c. The Arms of Hungary are Barre-wise of eight pieces Gules and Argent A famous story About the year 1600 Ferdinand de Gratz who was afterwards Emperor was Governour of Steirmark Carinthia and Carniola He married Mariana the daughter of William Duke of Bavaria which Lady was such a Jesuited Papist that she would not enter into the limits of his Dominions until they were purged of Here ie and Hereticks as she called them and till the Liberties granted to those of the Augustine Confession were taken away which accordingly the Arch-Duke by the perswasion of the Jesuits did abrogate and by Oath obliged himself to the Pope that he would severely prosecute all the Protestants which were within his Dominions Papish cruelty and inhumanity and accordingly he either banished them or Plundred and Murthered them which was prosecuted with such cruelty and inhumanity by his Popish Agents that they blew up their very Churches with Gun-powder and raged against the very bones of the Dead not suffering them to lie quietly in their graves which are common and allowed to all men insomuch as what the Turks had spared was not spared by them At the demolishing of their Churches in Gratz they digged up the Body of William Zimmerman an eminent Protestant Minister of that place and threw it into the River Mur. Against these outrages the Protestants pleaded the Treaty at Passaw and challenged the Oath and Faith plighted to them by this Arch-Duke himself by which in the year 1581 he confirmed his Fathers agreement with the States during which space of above eighteen years he had received from them the Summe of nine hundred thousand Florens of the Rhine is the price of their Liberty of Conscience yet nothing would prevail to stop his violent proceedings against them But Ferdinands success was answerable to this Injustice For about this time he was engaged in the siege of Canysia held by the Turks wherein he was assisted by Aldobrand the Popes Legate with his Italian Forces and by the advice of Sigismund Count of Thurne there were none suffered to be listed in their Army but Roman Catholicks lest the presence of any Protestants should cause the enterprise to miscarry The Governour of Canysia at this time was Hasanes who with eight hundred men and as many more from Zigeth and Buda that through the negligence of Orphus Gailonius Ferdinands General of the Ordinance gat into the City he defended it resolutely This Orphus whilst he was busie in filling the ditches with wood from the adjoyning Forrest was shot with a Culverin bullet and killed The Turks made frequent and vigorous Sallies wherein they killed many and though the Emperor Matthias sent six thousand men to assist and animate his Cousin yet was the Siege spun out till Winter came which with Frosts and Storms enforced them to leave their Station a thousand Horsemen being frozen to Death in one night They were also worn out with Snow Hunger Weariness and Watching in attending the Active and Inductrious Enemy so that they were faign with dishonour to raise their Siege and that in such hast that they left all their Ordinance for a prey to the Turks who presently after their departure slew all their sick and wounded Souldiers that they left in their Camp and thus it pleased God to preserve the Protestants whom they would not admit into their Army and the blow fell upon them who were the Persecutors of them FINIS NEWLY EXTANT KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE Or a Plain discourse of the chief things necessary to be KNOWN BELIEVED PRACTISED in Order to SALVATION Very useful for Private Families By Samuel Cradock Sould by William Miller at the Gilded Acorn in St Paul's Church-yard

A PROSPECT OF HUNGARY AND TRANSYLVANIA With a Catalogue of the Kings of the one and the Princes of the other Together with an account of the qualities of the Inhabitants the Commodites of the Countries the chiefest Cities Towns and Strong-holds Rivers and Mountains Whereunto is added An Historical Narration of the bloody Wars amongst themselves and with the Turks continued to this present Year 1664. As also A brief Description of Bohemia Austria Bavaria Steirmark Croatia Dalmatia Moravia Silesia Carinthia Carniola and some other adjacent Countries contained in a Mapp affixed hereunto In which Mapp all the places that are in the power of the Turk have a Crescent or half Moon over them and those in the possession of the Christians have a Cross LONDON Printed for William Miller at the Gilded Acorn in St Pauls Church-yard near the little North Door 1664. The Description of the Kingdom of Hungary with the History of the late Wars and Changes there HVngary is bounded on the East with Transylvania and Walachia Hungary described On the West with Stiria or Steirmark Austria and Moravia On the North with the Carpathian Mountains which are a long and craggy ledge of Hills beginning near the City of Presburg and the borders of Austria and so pass on in a continuall course till they come to the very Euxine Sea dividing Hungary from Poland and parting Transylvania and Moldovia from Rusianigra and Podolia two Provinces of the Polonian Kingdom and on the South with Sclavonia and some part of Dacia Hungary extendeth in length from Presburg The length breadth of it along the Danow to the borders of Transylvania for the space of three hundred English miles one hundred and ninty of the same miles in breadth The longest Summers Day in the Southern parts is fifteen hours and a half and not above sixteen hours in the Northermost parts The Division of it Hungary is commonly divided into the Upper Hungary and the Lower The Vpper lies on the North of the River Danow out of the bounds and territories of the Roman Empire The Lower lies on the South of the Danow and comprehends all Pannonia Inferior and part of Superior which were formerly two Roman Provinces The Vpper Hungary is subdivided before the coming in of the Turks into thirty two Counties thar is to say twenty four on the West side of Tibiscus or the River Tisse and eight on the East side of the same River The Lower is divided into eighteen Counties of which ten were between the Danow and the River Dravus and the other six between the Danow and the River Savus But this Division and the Subdivisions depending upon it being since the coming in of the Turks almost out of use we will now look upon it as it stands divided for the present or lately did betwixt the Emperor as King of Hungary by a mixt Title of Descent and Election and the Great Turk as Lord of the most part of it by Arms and Conquest two parts of three at least being in his Possession The chief Towns in the Emperors Part. The chief places in the Emperors Part are 1. Sabria anciently the chief City of Pannonia Superior by the Hungarians called Kimarorubath and by the Dutch Leibnits 2. Stridon the Birth-place of St Jerome one of the four chief Fathers of the Latine Church situate in the confines of Hungary and Dalmatia commonly called Strigman 3. Agria a Bishops See 4. Nitri a Bishops See also on the River Boch 5. Sopran on the Borders of Austria 6. Komara a strong piece standing in an Island of the same name made by the Danow 7. Presburg on the edge of Austria on the North side of that River called by the Latines Possonium It 's seated in a pleasant healthful Country on the River Lyet which there falls into the Danow in the Suburbs whereof upon the top of an high Mountain standeth a Stately Castle the ordinary residence of the Emperors as Kings of Hungary For though it be a little City and not very beautiful yet being secured by the neighborhood of Austria it hath been made the Regal City of Hungary since Buda was lost Before the walls hereof died Count Dampier one of the chief Commanders of the Emperor Ferdinand the second in the wars of Hungary and Bohemia 8. Gran called Strigonium which was taken by the Turks Anno Christi 1534 and won again by the Christians 1595 at which time Sr Thomas Arundel of Wardour Castle in Wiltshire Sr Tho. Arundels valour carried himself so gallantly by forcing the Water-Tower and taking thence with his own hands the Turkish Banner His reward that the Emperor Rodulph created him a Count of the Empire and King James afterwards made him Lord Arundel of Wardour It is seated on the Danow but opposite to the mouth of the River Gran which arising in the upper Hungary doth there end its course It s also the seat of an Archbishop who is the Primate of Hungary 9. Raab which stands on the meeting of the Danow with the River Rab coming out of the Lower Hungary it s called in Latine Jaurinum It was heretofore memorable for being the boundary of the two Pannonia's Superior Inferior hereabouts divided Of late its famous for a strong Fortress against the Turks by whom it was taken Anno Christi 1594. but not long after again recovered by the Industry of Monsieur de Vandre Court a French Gentleman 10. Newsol or Newhausel a strong Town in the higher Hungary not far from the Spring-head of the River Gran which in the year 1621. proved fatal to that great Commander the Court of Bucquoy who at the siege hereof the Town being kept by the Hungarians against the Emperor Ferdinand the second lost his Life For going privatly to view some places of advantage whereby to make a general assault he fell into an Ambush of Hungarians who suddenly set upon him discomfitted his small Party killed first his Horse under him and at last himself having in that Skirmish received sixteen wounds Here was also slain with him at the same time Torquato an Italian Prince Count Verdugo a Spanish Earl and one of the Gouragas of the house of Mantua It is lately taken by the Turk 11. Altenbourg 12. Tockay both of them strong by the natural site and 13. Castel-Novo made strong by Art Places of most Importance in the Turks possession The chief Towns in the Turks part are 1. Buda by the Dutch called Hoffen This City is unevenly seated amongst Hills on the South side of the Danow but in the most fruitful part of all the Country It s exceeding strongly fortified and adorned with many fair buildings both private and publick and furnished with some Medicinal Baths which owe much of their pomp and sumptuousness to their New Masters the Turks who took it from the Christians August 20. Anno Christi 1526. Solyman the Magnificent being present at the taking of it Before

Language is most used The soil in Hungary is wonderful fruitful Their commodities yielding Corn and Fruits in great abundance The Grass in some places as in the Isle of Comora exceeds the heigth of a man which doth breed such a number of Cattel that this Country alone is thought to be able to serve all Europe with flesh they yearly send into Germany and Sclavonia eight thousand Oxen. They have Deer Partridge Pheasant in such superfluity that any man that will may kill them The other commodities of the Country are store of Silver Copper Iron Steel Tin Lead Vitrial which they send into divers Countries Yea and Gold which they not onely find in Mines but also in the Sand of some of their Rivers There are also great store of Sheep Stags Fallow Deer Goates Hares wild Boars Wolves Bears and such like beasts Besides Goshawkes and many other Birds There is scarce any other Country that hath more and greater Rivers than Hungary nor more Navigable The Rivers nor better stored with Fish There is the Danow which rising out of Nigra Sylva or the Schwartzen-Wald as the Germans call it at a little Village of Schwaben about two Dutch Miles from the Shoars of the Rhine passeth through Schwaben Bavaria Austria Hungary c. and runs by the Cities of Ulm Regensberg Passaw Vienna Rab Buda c Belgrade beyond which it beginneth to be called Ister and receiving into its channel from the long Tracts of the Alps the Sarmatian and Carpathian Mountains above sixty Navigable Rivers besides lesser Brooks disgorgeth his full stomach out of seven Mouths into the lap of the Euxine Sea the whole length of his course being fifteen hundred Miles Whence a modern Poet said Cedere Danubius se tibi Nile negat O seven-mouth'd Nile I plainly see Danow will scare give place to thee 2. Savus which rising in Carniola falls into Danow 3. Dravus which rises in Carinthia and falls into Danow 4. Tibuscus or the Tisse which rises in Maramufia under the high tops of the Carpathian Mountains and abounds more with Fish than any other of the Rivers of Hungary for they find in it great store of Surgeons Pikes which sometimes have Livers of an Ell long Carps c. whence they use to say that in this River two parts are water and the third Fish There are also many other Rivers wherein are great store of Trouts Salmons Perches Lampries Barbels c. A famous Lake There is also a famous Lake called Balatan by the Dutch Platse which is in length forty Italian Miles but of breadth unequal In some places it s ten Miles broad in others but three The Rarities of Hungary There be also many Medicinal waters and more hot Baths than any one country hath in Europe Some waters their be of a strange nature whereof some falling upon the ground are turned into Stone Others about the Town of Smolnice which falling into Ditches make a kind of mud out of which being tried and melted they make very good Copper and some again which flow in Winter and freeze in Summer And neer unto Bistrice or Mensol there is a Spring or Fountain out of which comes a green Water whereof they make Solder for their Gold This Country also abounds in Mineral Salt at Maromarusia and other places which they cut like unto a stone There are also hot waters whose Fish being taken out and put into cold water dies presently The waters of the County of Liptove neer unto the Village of St John are good against Scabs In the Territory of Zepus there are waters in which Wood is turned into Stone and neer unto St Martins Church in the same place there is a water which seems to boil the which turns into stone both above and under ground and this Stone is almost like unto the Pumeise In the Country of Zolie there is a Gulf or breach in the ground which casts forth such a deadly stink as it kills the Birds that fly over it Neer unto Javerin upon the Banks of the River Danow towards the East are to be seen some remainders of Trajans Bridge Trajans Bridge built upon that River in Moesia an admirable and memorable work consisting of twenty Arches of square stone which Arches were a hundred and fifty foot high besides the foundation and sixty foot broad and each Arch was seventy foot wide It s a thing to be admired by what means force or Art they could build these several Pillars in this deep and violent stream and lay the foundations of so great a burden the bottom of the River being so deep of mud and there being no means to turn the course of the Water he Arches above the Water were demolished by the command of Adrian the Emperor but the Piles stand still for a Testimony ●o Posterity that there was nothing impossible to the power and wealth of the Roman Empire The Principal Mountains of this Country are 1. Carpatus The Mountains the Sarmatian or Carpathian Mountains spoken of before 2. Matzan neer to the City of Agria whereon grow brave Trees in abundance 3. Erdol the highest of all the rest The Christian Faith was first planted here in the time of King Steven surnamed the Saint They receive the Christian Faith being invited and perswaded thereunto by the Emperor Henry the second who upon this condition gave to this Steven in marriage his Sister Gilla and it was effected by the preaching and industry of Albert Arch-Bishop of Prague Anno Christi 1016 or thereabouts Since which time Christianity hath continued here without interruption having been defended gallantly and bravely against the Turks for a long time But now Mahumatism is much spread over a great part of it by reason of those many places which the Turks hold in it As for the Christians some pertinaciously adhere to the Church of Rome Some follow the Doctrine of Luther and some that of Calvin Their Divisions Besides which there are Arians Anabaptists and other Hereticks crept in amongst them Yet all these different parties agree in this to punish Adultery and Fornication with Death The Father forcing his Daughter the Husband his Wife the Brother his Sister to the place of Execution The worthiest Schollar that ever this Kingdom produced was St Jerome The best Scholars and Captains a worthy Father of the Latine Church who was born in Stridon and of later years Steven Kis surnamed Zegedine from the place of his birth and the most worthy of their Souldiers were John Huniades who so valiantly resisted and repelled the incursions of the Turks and slew of them fifty thousand at the Battel of Maxon and after him was Matthias Corvinus his Son King of Hungary of whom a Poet writes thus Patriae decus unica stirpis Gloria Pannonicae caedis fortissimus ult●r His Countries pride the Glory of his Race Revenger of th' Hungarians late disgrace Their Government The King of Hungary Governs

time Rakoczi besieged and took in Tyrnaw where He prospers at the request of the Protestant Preacher he used much clemency to the Popishs Bishop and Noblemer Peace made But at last a Peace was concluded betwixt him and the Emperor wherein seven Lordships in Hungary were setled upon Rakoczi ninety Churches were restored to the Protestants and the rest of their Priviledges were confirmed to them Anno Christi 1646 Ferdinand 4th King of Hunga y. His death Ferdinand the fourth in his Fathers life time was crowned King of Hungary and in the year 1648 Prince Rakoczi died and was succeeded by his young Son George Rakoczi and in the year 1653 King Ferdinand the fourth died having been Crowned King of the Romans being but two and twenty years old leaving all his Dignities and Dominions to his Brother Leopold Ignatius Anno Christi 1656 the King of Sweden Charolus Adolphus having invaded Poland and Conquered much of it invited Prince Rakoczi to his Assistance Rakoczi goes into Poland who entring into Confederacy with him raised a great Army with which he entred into Poland where he made great spoils beating down the Images in Churches out of an hatred to the Romish Religion At last he joyned with the Swede and both of them besiged Cracovia which after a short defence was surrendred to them they destroyed most of the City of Casimer which stood on the other side of the Weysel and in Lituania they took in the strong City of Biscea But the King of Denmark at this time falling into some of the Swedes Countries and the Duke of Brandenburg also renouncing the Kings Interest the King of Sweden was faign to retreat out of Poland to look to his own home and thereby Rakoczi was left in the lurch He is deserted The King of Poland in the mean time by his Ambassador at Constantinople having bribed some of the Chief Officers procured a Command from the Great Turk to Rakoczi to return into his own Country He had also made a League with the Emperor who sent him sixteen thousand men to assist him against the Transylvanian These considerations moved Rakoczi to send to the King of Poland for Peace but he returned delatory answers till they had hemmed in the Transylvanians that there was no possibility for their escape but by fighting their way through them which accordingly they did His return and so retired into their own Country This same year 1657 died the Emperor Ferdinand the third Ignatius Leopold made Emperor leaving two Sons behind him Ignatius Leopoldus and Charles Joseph the Elder succeeded in the Empire though with much regreat because he was but seventeen years old and by their Golden Bull and Custome none should be chosen under eighteen Rakoczi opposed by the Turk Prince Rakoczi being returned into his own Country a Chiaux from the Great Turk met him and commanded him to resign his Principality to one Radus but he delayed to do it and sought to strengthen himself by the help of Neighbour Princes who yet forsook him all but the Princes of Moldovia and Walachia But the Turk meeting with troubles at home suffered him to be quiet for the present yet the next year he sent an Army against him through Walachia against which the Vayvod opposing himself was totally routed by the Turks and forced with rich Presents and large promise of Hostility against Rakoczi to make his Peace Soon after the Bassa of Buda was commanded upon the same service who marching into Transylvania attempted the taking of Arad but the Transylvanian and Hungarian Forces being neer took advantage of some confusion amongst the Turks at their first coming set upon them and with their great Guns so shatered them that they were forced to fly and leave their Camp many of them perishing in the River Mur. Here were taken some of their Chief Officers which so incensed the Great Turk that he threatened to flea the Bassa of Buda unless he presently brought him the Head of Rakoczi Anno Christi 1660 the Turk sent greater Forces into Transylvania and Prince Rakoczi encountered them at Hermanstadt and he behaved himself very Valiantly killing seventeen men with his own hands whereupon the Turks were routed and left the Victory to the Transylvanians about seven Thousand of them being slain upon the Place and Prince Rakoczi in their pursuit received five wounds and five days after being brought to Great Waradin Rakoczi dies he there died His death gave great advantage and encouragment to the Turks who with renewed forces so pressed upon the Transylvanians that they were forced to betake themselves to their strong holds whereupon General Souches had order from Vienna to march into Transylvania and defend it against the Turks This he did and possessed himself of some strong places In July this year the Turk with one hundred thousand men besieged Great Waradin Waradine besieged which was bravely defended by the Governour Collonel Gaude a Scotchman but in August that Gallant man was slain by an unhappy shot which so discouraged the City that being without hope of relief they surrendred it upon Tearms being a passage into Transylvania Hungary and Poland Rakoczi being dead Radus Prince of Transylvania and his Cousin Radus disliked by the Turk there was one Barckay that made himself Prince of Transylvania and was assisted by the Turk by which means he took in some places pretending that he would resign them to the Emperor though it proved otherwise About this time there appeared a Comet with the Head towards Transylvania A Comet and the tail towards Dalmatia which seemed to Portend the great evils and mischiefes that did ensue The right successor of Rakoczi was Remini Janos who was owned by many of the Transylvanians but strongly opposed by Barckay and the Turks Yet Anno Christi 1661 he fought with them at Thassabat and made a great slaughter of them but at last being oppressed with numbers he was forced to leave the Country The Emperor perceiving that the Turks had a design upon Hungary he raised an Army sending part of it into Transylvania and at that time Count Nicholas Serini raised a strong Fort over against Canisia or Chanischa naming it Serinswar Serinswar built which so provoked the Turk that he demanded that the Fort should be demolished that Serini should be punished and Transylvania left to him This made the Christians to understand his meaning and to look to themselves The preparations of the Turk In the mean time the Turk raised a mighty Army and provided an answerable proportion of Victuals Ammunition and Artillery and the Emperor had in Hungary an Army of thirty eight thousand Germans whom the Hungarians favored not by reason of their difference in Religion so that by October The Emperors Army moulders away through want of accommodations and by surfeits which they took through immoderate drinking of Wine eating of Fruits it mouldred

are 1. Grats seated upon the River Mur. A Town once full of Protestants who could not be forced from the free exercise of Religion till the year 1598 in which Margaret Sister to Ferdinand de Gratz was by the Citizens Nobly intertained with whom entred so many Souldiers as overpowred the City and fourteen Protestant Ministers were presently banished 2. Rachelspurg 3. Pruck both situate on the Mur. 4. Stechaw an Episcopal See seated on the Dravus 5. Petaw standing somewhat higher on the Dravus 6. Lamboch on the Dravus also 7. Veitisperg on the River Kainach 8. Cely. 9. Cainisia a well fortified Town and the strongest Bulwork in this Country against the Turk Carinthia described Carinthia Carinthia described by the Dutch called Karnten which is bounded on the East with Stiermark and the River Levandt On the West with the District of Saltzburg and the River Saltzach On the North with Austria and on the South with Carniola and the River Dravus It 's situate in the worst part of the Alps and is poor and barren except only in Minerals extending all along the Dravus for a hundred English miles in length and forty seven in breadth betwixt that River and the Mur by which it is bounded The chief Towns The chief Towns in it are 1. St Veit situate at the meeting of the Glan and the Winies adorned with a spacious market-place and a beautiful Conduit 2. Vittach seated on the Dravus in a fruitful Valley encompassed about with Rocks the Houses are adorned on the outside with painted Sories very delightful to behold 3. Gurch a small Town but an Episcopal See 4. Clangfoot on the Lake called Werd-Zee a well senced place 5. Wolsperg on the Lavandt neer to Steirmark 6. Lavamundt an Episcopal See on the same border situate where that River falls into the Dravus 7. Freisach a very ancient Town c. Bavaria described Bavaria Bavaria described is bounded on the East with Austria On the West with the River Lech which parts it from Schawben On the North with the Upper Palatinate and on the South with Tirol and Carinthia It 's divided into three Parts 1. The Higher lying towards the Alps of Tirol 2. The Lower extending all along the Bank of the Danow 3. The commodities The District of Saltzburg situate betwixt the Inn and Austria all three being much overspread with Woods and Forrests the remainders of the once famous Hercinian Forrest The Higher lying towards the Alps is cold and barren the Lower is more fruitful and better planted All have great store of Timber for building and of fuell for the fire and multitudes of Swine are sed with Mast in the Woods The chief Towns The principal Cities in the Higher Bavaria are 1. Munchen the Dukes seat standing on the River Iser in a very sweet and pleasant foil amongst Ponds and Groves daintily interlaced with pretty Rivulets and enriched with fruitful Gardens that of the Dukes being hardly to be Paralleld It 's a large and Populous City adorned with many specious Publick Buildings as Churches Turrets Libraries the Senate House or Guild-Hall and Market-place of rare and excellent Structure Amongst which is a Library in the Dukes Pallace wherein are about eleven thousand Volumes most of them Manuscripts This City was made by Maximilian the late Duke the receptacle for all the spoils which he got in his German Wars So that when the Town was taken by Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden he found in it an hundred and forty Brass pieces of Ordnance in one of which he had thirty thousand Crowns of Gold 2. Landsberg upon the Leck neer the Alps of Tirol once a strong City but dismantled by the King of Sweden 3. Mertenwald a beautiful Town seated neer the Alps. 4. Fridberg a well fortified Town In the Lower Bavaria these places are of most note 1. Rain seated on the Leck neer to the place where it falls into the Danow Memorable for the fight between the King of Sweden and Bavarians when the said King passed his forces over that River in which John Earl of Tilly received that wound whereof he died shortly after at Ingolstad 2. Newburg upon the Danow not far from the Rain the first Town in Bavaria taken in by the Swedes after the former fight 3. Ingolstad made a University Anno Christi 1410 A place so strongly fortified both by Art and Nature that it seems impregnable Here the King of Sweden found a check to his proceedings being forced to raise his Siege and follow other enterprises 4. Regensberg or Ratisbone on the Danow also where the late Diet was held It 's a fair rich and populous City beautified with Multitudes of Churches and Monasteries made of late the ordinary place for the General Diets of the Empire It 's an Imperial City but was unexpectedly sieized on by the Duke of Bavaria when the Swedes first got footing in his Dominions and was held by him with a very strong Garrison after the loss of Munchen till at last it was won from him by the Swedes Anno Christi 1633. 5. Passaw seated on the Danow where it meets with the Inn and the Ils by which it 's divided into three Towns Passaw Innstade and Illstade A rich City and Episcopal See A place famous for the many meetings of the German Princes especially for that Anno Christi 1552 wherein it was agreed that all quarrels laid aside the Protestants should enjoy the free exercise of their Religion 6. Frisnig situate on the rising of a fine round Hill neer the River Ambra An Episcopal See One of the Bishops was Otho Frigensis a good Historian 7. Landshut upon the River Isar in the richest and most pleasant part of all Bavaria A beautiful City adorned with a Church of most curious building and a magnificent Pallace for the use of the Duke 8. Freistet the only Imperial Town except Regensburg in all this Dukedom Saltzburg described The Bishoprick or District of Saltzburg Saltzburg described extends from the Inn towards the confines of Austria It 's a Rocky dry and barren Country excepting only a few Valleys being seated in the midst of the Julian Alps. The principal Town is Saltzburg seated in the River Saltzach The chief Towns It 's a City strongly situate amongst those Mountains and beautiful and an Archbishops See when Luther first endeavoured a Reformation the Bishop hereof Mattheus Langius confessed that the Mass had it's faults and the Court of Rome was much corrupted and the vitious Lives of Priests and Friers fit to be reformed Sed quod Misellus Monachus omnia reformet id non esse tolerabile But that such a sorry fellow as Luther should attempt the Reformation that by no means was to be endured 2. Newkirch on the same River and neer the Head thereof 3. Rotenburg on the East side of the Inn bordering on Bavaria 4. Traunshaim upon the River Traun 5. Wildesmet one of the farthest Northward and 6.

that time it was the seat Royal of the Kings of Hungary and the chief City of the Kingdom As now it is the seat of the chief Bassa or Lord Lieutenant for the Grand Signior 2. Abba Regalis by the Dutch called Stul-Weisenburg situated between the Danow and the Dravus strongly but unwholsomly seated in the midst of an inaccessibile Marish which is joyned to the firm land by three broad Causeys blocked up at the ends with three great Bulworks But notwithstanding its strong situation it was taken by the Turks Anno Christi 1543. Before which time it was the usual place both for the Coronation and Interment of the Kings of Hungary 3. Volue on the Danow taken in the same year also 4. Fiese-kirken called in Latine Quinque Ecclesiae from five Churches in it A Bishops See It was this last year burned down by Count Serini which was taken by the Turks Anno Christi 1566. and gave them a great command upon the River Dravus upon which it is seated 5 Sirmisch situated between the Danow and Savus noted for yielding the best Wines but it is a City otherwise of no estimation for the present though formerly of the most account in all this Province the Metropolis of Pannonia inferior honoured with the presence and personal residence of many of the Emperors and in those respects made the Stage of many great and memorable Actions Here was held a Council against the Heretick Photinus Bishop of this City who held that Christ had no existence of God the Father till he was conceived and born of the Virgin Mary Anno Christi 356. 6. Zigeth a strong Town situate on a Marish ground on the North side of the River Dravus which was taken by Solyman the Magnificent Anno Christi 1566 who there ended his Days 7. Keresture nigh unto which in the year 1596 Mahomet the third gave unto the Christians so great an overthrow that probably if he had pursued his Victory he had made a full Conquest of all Hungary 8. Mursa upon the confluence of the Dravus and the Danow 9. Belgrade on the confluence of the Savus and the Danow called by the Dutch Greek Wessenburg It s called Belgrad from the beautiful situation of it It s hemmed in on the North with the Danow on the East with the Savus on the other sides its defended with very strong Walls deep Ditches and impregnable Ramparts It belonged anciently to the Despots of Servia by whom it was consigned over to Sigismund King of Hungary as best able to keep it the Despot being satisfied with Lands and other Territories of a better value Heretofore it was the Bulwork of Christendom against the Turks who received before it many great and notable repulses of which the most memorable were those of Amurath the second and Mahomet the Great It was taken at last to the great loss and shame of the Christian world who relieved not the besieged in due time by Solyman the Magnificent Anno Christi 1520. On the North side of the Upper Hungary there is 10 Pesth over against Buda on the River Danow 11. Vaccia on the same River a Bishops See 12. Colocza an Archb shops See on the same River also 13. Zegedin on the West side of the River Tibiscus 14. Temeswar on the East of that River towards Transylvania which is the ordinary residence of a Turkish Bassa 15. Gyula a strong Town on the Borders of Transylavania which was betrayed by Nicholas Keresken the Governor thereof in the last year of Solyman upon promise of a great reward But Selimus the Son of Solyman caused him to be shut up in a Barrel knocked full of nails with the points inwards and so to be tumbled up and down till he dyed most miserably On the Barrel there was this Inscription written Here receive the reward of thy Covetousness and Treason Gyula thou soldest for Gold If thou best not faithful to Maximilian thy Natural Lord neither wilt thou be true to me 16. Singidon on the South side of Gyula betwixt which and Belgrade are the Fields of Maxon famous for the slaughter of fifty thousand Turks slain here in Battel under the prudent conduct of John Huniades Anno 1456. The People of Hungary are strong of Body The quality of the People but somewhat rude of behaviour respecting neither the Liberall Arts nor Mechanick Trades The greatest aspersion is the name of a Coward which cannot be wiped off without the killing of a Turk after which they are priviledged to wear a Feather and by the number of their Feathers to shew how many Turks they have slain in Battel They delight in Wars like no Trade better desiring rather to live upon other mens labors then upon their own They are extream covetous yet they have rather a desire then any Art to enrich themselves permiting the Dutch to ingross all their Trading and to mannage such Commodities as their Country yields which is the cause seconded by the oppressions of the Turks and Austrian Family under whom they are that none of them rise to any considerable Wealth And for such as have lands they grow poorer every Day then other For though the Females be excluded from inheriting their Fathers Possessions to whom they give no Portion but new clothes on their Wedding day yet seeing the Sons do equally share their Fathers estate amongst them as such who hold in Gavelkind do here in England it must needs be that by so many Divisions and Subdivisions the greatest Patrimony that is will be brought to little Both Sexes in their education are inured to hardship being not suffered to lie in Beds till the night of their marriage The Hungarians at this day contemn ease and pleasure and live not in Towns but as strangers with a design to be soon gone Great men lodge their delights in their Gardens and Baths and care not for their Buildings but desire to live at large The Common People live in Cabins and little lodgings ill made Their Habit. Their Garments are long and stately their Womens Garments are straight and cover them unto the neck they wear upon their Gowns long Cloaks and they cover their Heads with Vails or Linnen Cloth and hide all but their eyes and nose and most of them wear Pearls and precious stones Also both men and women wear Buskins up to the calf of the Leg they mourn a whole year for their Friends and Kinsfolks when they die and sometimes two years they shave their Beards and leave nothing but their Must●ches which are sometimes very long They have a particular Language which differs not much from the Bohemians and they have also a perticular form of Letters The Sclavonian Language yet most commonly they use the Roman Characters they are very proud and haughty strong in War and are better Souldiers on Horseback th●n on Foot they are very obedient to the Prince and his Leiutenants In the parts adjoyning to Germany the Dutch