of Spayne called Lusitania which liued after their owne lawes and vnder a Capitaine of Africa they did much hurte to the Romaines they ouerthrewe Caliphurnius â—…iso and Manlius and killed vi M. Romaines and besieged a nation that obeyed the same called Blastophenitianes which had that name bicause Hannibal had mingled certeine Africans with them Their Capitaine had a blowe on the head with a stone of the which he dyed and in his place they made one Cessacrone He encouÌ„tred with Mummius that was come from Rome with a new armie and was put to flight Mummius chased him without order which he perceiuing stayd his men retourned vpon the Romaines disparsed and killed x. M. of them recouering his owne Campe that was lost and gayning the Romaines with all their armes and ensignes which hée shewed abroad in Spayne for a brag and glory of his victorye Mummius with fiue M. that were left kept himselfe in a sure place being afrayde to come out into the playne and watching the time when the enimie sent away their spoyle he sodainly set vpon them and flew many of them recouering againe all his losse An other sort of the Lusitanes beyond the Riuer Tagus molested the Romaines and besieged the Citie of Ocile Mummius followed them at diuers times killed xv M. of them and tooke their pray from them and deuided it to the Romaines and that which could not be caried he sacrificed to the Gods after the fashion of war And for these feates Mummius had Tryumph when he came to Rome After him succéeded Marcus Attilius which destroyed a great Citie called Ostrace and brought all the countrey to accorde but he was no sooner gone to winter campe but they rebelled againe and anoyed the Romaines Seruius Galba that succéeded Attilius intending sodeinly to surprey and take them vnawares marched in a night and a day about l. mile and immediately vpon his comming embattayled his wearie Souldiours with the sodeine assault put the enimies to flight but in the chase vsing little discretion and not considering the wearinesse and faintnes of his souldiors which were compelled to rest them many times by the way the other gathered together and set vppon them being scattered and weake and slew vij M. Galba with the remnaunt of the horse-men fled to Carmena where he assembled all them that were fled and when he had renued his armie to the number of xx M. hee went to Winter in Cuuestagi Lucullus who hadde made warre vpon the Vacceanes without commission would not goe home for feare of iudgement but remayned with the Capitaines of the armie comming with his men into Lusitania did much hurt in one part of the countre Galba sacked the other Many of the people sent vnto him to renew the accord made with Attilius he fained to bée content saying that he knewe well pouertie lacke of liuing made them to offend therfore he would giue theÌ„ a plentiful ground to inhabile they being glad of his promise came to him with al their goods whom he deuided into thrée parts appointed a Plaine for them to staye till he had assigned their place wher they shoulde buylde their citie Then he came to y e former willing them to leaue their harnesse bicause they wer friends caused theÌ„ to be entrenched they wer content which wen he hadde brought to passe through-out he sent his souldiours among them killed them euery one they calling crying vpon y e Gods as witnesses of periurie crueltie So he punished falshood with falshood as a Barbarian not as a man worthy the name of Rome Uery few escaped from this murder of y e which Viriatus was one which after was a Capitain did many notable feats as shall be shewed Galba gaue a fewe trifling things to the Romaines and kept the rest to himself for he was more couetous than Lucullus more rich thaÌ„ any Romain but of such nature as wel in peace as warre y t for his profit he passed neither for periury nor lyes although euery man hated him and though he was many times accused yet for his riches he alwaies escaped For in his dayes the Romaines began to sette more by money than by truth An other company of the Lusitans made an head and ranged the countreyes of the Romaines M. Ventidius was sent from Rome with an armie who droue them from the field and made them take a Castle where being in desperation of al things they were forced to send to Ventidius to haue peace and grounde to inhabite which he promised them But one Viriatus who as before is sayde had escaped the crueltie of Galba recorded vnto them the vnfaithfulnesse of the Romaines and howe ofte they hadde bene oppressed vnder pretence of an oth and attonement which the Romaines no longer regarded than they lusted and repeated to them the example of Galba and Lucullus and promised them to conuey them safe if they would be ruled by him They were mooued with his wordes and made him their Capitaine He placed in the front of the armie his Horse-men as though hée would fight and gaue warning that as soone as he tooke his Horse they that were a foote shoulde flye by diuers wayes as well as they coulde to the citie of Tribola and ther abide him He kept with him them that were most méete for Horsemen and when he mounted on horseback they fledde their way with all hast Ventidius doubted to followe them in so many parts and abode to sée what Viriatus would do that stoode still He skirmished with the Romaines all the daye and the next too and fro and when he thought the foote-men to be past daunger he went his waye by night with such spéede and by such wayes as the Romaines could not tel how to followe This feate got him great fame in all the country euery man ranne to him wher-by he kept warre a great while with y e Romains and did them much hurt Ventidius followed til he came to Tribola Viriatus layd an ambushment for him in a place ful of woode when he espied his aduauntage he with the company that he had fayned to flye till Ventidius was past the trayne than returned hée and the bushment discouered and so beset the Romaines that they were either slaine or taken prisoners and Ventidius himselfe was one but bicause he was not knowen being an olde fat man he was cut in péeces of xx M. Romaines scarcely x. M. escaped to a Citie of the Coast called Carptesso which I thinke was somtime called Tartesso where the olde King Arganthonius lyued The Tresurer of the Campe tooke the charge vpon him a fresh and gathered v. M. of of the countrey about which he sent to kéepe Viriatus backe and he so laid for them that one escaped not to bring newes The Treasurer stood close in the towne and durst do nothing til he heard
downe the walls of their Cities and they y t did not obey should looke for all extremitie They hauing no time to consult with their neighbours and supposing it had ben but a seuerall cōmaundement afraid of a further inconuenience wer compelled to obey and so in one day al the cities about the riuer Iberus wer defaced by the policie of the Capitaine continued quiet a long time after In processe of time for lack of competent ground to occupy there was a new tumult among the people for the appeasment whereoff Fuluius Flaccus was sent who droue y e people to their holdes but one great rout kept to-gether at Complega which was wel fortified newly buylded They greatly molested the Romains sent a message in mockerie to Flaccus that he should leaue a Iacke an Horse and a Sword for so many as he had killed and flye out of Spayne before he had any more hurt he sent them worde he would shortly bring amongs them many moe Iackes than they shoulde vouchsafe well to thinke well off and incontinent layd siege to their Citie They nothing aunswerable to their late brauerie and lustinesse ran their way he spoyled all the country Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus succéeded Flaccus when the Celtiberians had besieged the Citie of Carabia friend to the Romaines y e citie was at poynt to be rendred bicause the siege was so streight Gracchus could not send them word of his comming wherfore he deuised with a Capitaine of his called Cominius which could speake y t countrey language very well clad him with a Spanish Iack who got among them that went a forraging so from the Campe fled into the Citie told the selye besieged that the Romaines were at-hande wherefore they endured the siege and in thrée daies by the comming of Gracchus were delyuered of the same Out of the Citie of Complega ther issued xx M. with branches of Olyue in their handes in token of supplycation and being come nigh the Romaines they set fiercely vpon thē put them to great trouble Gracchus of purpose forsooke his campe fayned to fly away whiles they wer about the spoyle he returned vpon thē slew so many of them y t he got y e town wherin after he had staid a certein while he gaue the lands of the country to such as had néede of ground whō vpō certeine conditions and bondes he confedered with the people of Rome which capitulatiō did good seruice in all the warres that followed and by this meane the name of Gracchus was notable in Spayne and also in Rome where he had Tryumph Certeine yeares after there arose a cruell warre in Spayne by this occasion A Cittie of Celtiberia called Segeda being comprised in the articles of Gracchus allured certeine towns to them and reedified their wals whose example induced the Tithians another nation of Celtiberia to doe the lyke The Senate forbad them the buylding of the Walls and required the tribute and their seruice according to the composition of Gracchus They aunswered that they were forbidden y e building of any new cities but not the repairing of their olde and that the tribute which they wer bound to paye was after forgiuen of the Senate and so it was in deede but all such priuiledges were vnderstand for y e time that they continued faithful to the people of Rome wherfore Quintius Fuluius Nobilior was chosen capitaine against them with an armie of xxx M. Whan the Segedanes had knowledge of his comming bicause their wals were not finished they fled to y e Arasthianes desiring them to be receiued with their wiues and children and they were content And chose one Carus a Segedane their generall capitaine a man expert in feats of war He iii. dayes after he was capitaine laid an ambushment of xx M. in a place for the purpose and assalted the Romaines as they passed The fight continued doubtfull but at length Carus had the victory and killed vi thousande of the verye Romaines borne which was a great losse but in following the chase rashly the horsemen of the Romaines that warded the cariage set vpon him and slew him fighting most valyauntly the murther there was great and greater had bene if the darkenesse of the night had not stayed the same This was done the next day after the feast of Vulcan in Rome at which time the Romaines would neuer after take any battaile in hand The Arastianes assembled in Numantia a strong citie and chose Arathane Lencone for their capitaines Nobilior went thither with-in thrée dayes and camped thrée myle off Massinissa sent him iii. C. horses of Numidia and x. Elephants with the which he made order for to fight and placed the Elephants behinde with a deuise that way shoulde bée made for them And when the onset was giuen away was opened for the Elephants which so affraid the enimies and their horse that they fledd The Romaine capitaine followed to the harde walles and did verye well till one of the Elephants had a blow on the heade with a stone that was cast from the wall with the which he became so frowarde and so raging that he turned vpon his frindes and beate downe all that was in his way and the other affraide with his roaring did the like thrusting throwing the Romaines to y e grounde And this is the discommoditie of Elephantes which when they beginne to rage there is no rule with them and therefore be they called common enimies The Romaines by this occasion fledde with such disorder that the Numantines issued out and slewe iiii M. of them and tooke thrée Elephants and many ensinges when Nobilior had recouered himselfe hée went to beate the Citie of Apenio which was a great reliefe to the enimies but he did nothing there but retourned by night with losse to his campe He sent Blesius capitaine of the horsemen so confeder with a coūtrie for succour of horse-men who in his returne fell in an Ambushment where his friendes forsooke him and he very manfully fighting was slaine and all most all the Romaines And vppon these daylye losses the Citie of Ocile where the Romaine munition treasure was rendered to the Celtiberians wherefore Nobiliar was driuē to such shift as he lay all that winter in the fielde and sustained such disease with hunger and colde that many perished pitifully The yeare following Claudius Marcellus came in his place bringing with him viii M. men v. C. horse where his enimies had layd ambushment for him he auoyded it with all his hoast layd seage to Ocile and at the first assalt tooke it And vppon the receipt of certaine pledges xxx Talentes of golde he pardoned the Citie The Nertobriganes sent vnto Marcellus to knowe his pleasure what they might doe to obtaine peace hée bad them send him an hundred horse and they should haue it they were content appointed y e
from Rome Viriatus inuaded the rich countrey of Carpentania and without all feare spoyled at his pleasure Caius Plantius came from Rome with x. M. mē a M.iii. C. horse Thā Viriatus pretended to fly after whom he sent iiii M. men which were almost all destroyed and slaine He passed the riuer Tagus and camped in an hill ful of Oliues although it wer called Venus Mount There Plantius came vpon him and made hast to recouer his dishonour and after a sore fight he was discomfited and compelled shamefully to flye with great losse of his men the rest of the Sommer he kept within townes and durst not come foorth Viriatus went abroade the countryes requiring paiment for the sauing of their Corne. When these newes were known at Rome they sent Q. Fabius Maximus Emilianus sonne of that Emilius that ouercame Perseus king of Macedonie They gaue him authoritie to take what men he would he to giue respite to the olde souldiours tooke vp young men of the first beard hauing no practise in warre and came to Orsone a Citie of Spain w t xv M. men ii M. horse but he durst not enterprise to take any battaile in hand till he had trayned his men in feates of armes and bene at Gades to Sacrifice to Hercules Viriatus met with a company of his men that went a forraging killed the most part whom being againe set in arraye and order by their Leader the same Viriatus discomfited the second time and tooke a great praye from them When Maximus was come he durste not fight in open field but kept his men in exercises and gaue them leaue to skirmish to proue their hearts and to espie the aduauntage of his enimies doings When he went for vittayle he warded the Dimilances with men of armes that scoured the countrey as he had séene his father Paulus doe in Macedonia After the Winter hée came forth to battaile and ouercame Viriatus and put him to flight and of two Cities that he kept he tooke the one burned the other droue him to an holde called Vecor then went to herborow at Corduba Now was Viriatus nothing so brag as he was wont to be but sought helpe induced the Arbaceanes Titthianes and Bellanes al warlyke people that had kept warre of themselues to take his part which was an occasion of great a doe Viriatus was in an other part of Spaine and fought with Quintus Pompeius that was an other Capitaine of the Romaines and had the losse and from thence fled to Aphrodisio Venus Hill and from thence came sodeinly vppon the Romaines and put them to flight and tooke some of their Standards and chased them into their Campe and then droue awaye the garrison and Warde from Vtica and sacked the countrey of the Basetanes Quintus sending vnto them no ayde for lacke of knowledge and courage but remayned in house till Sommer was ended The yeare after Fabius Maximus brother to Emilianus succéeded Quintus and had two Legions of the Romaines other of their friendes that ther was xviii M. men a. M.vi C. horse He wrote to Micypsa king of Numidia that in hast he should sende him succour of Elephants and with a part of his armie went toward Vtica and by the way Viriatus gaue him alarme with great shoutes and terrible behauiour but he repulsed him without losse When x. Elephants were come from Africa he camped in a large field and fought with Viriatus and put him backe but at one time when the Romaines chased with out order he tourned vpon them and killed thrée M. droue the rest within and followed so hard that he found few or none in the way towarde the Campe but they were fled into their Cabbins out of the which the Capitaines had much a doe to draw them and had it not bene for Fannius sonne in law to Laelius who shewed y t night great wisedome and manhoode the Romaines had bene vtterlye destroyed Viriatus ceased not neither by the darke of night nor by the heate of day to molest them with all deuice till Emilianus had mooued his campe to Vtica Viriatus being distressed for lacke of vittayle and hauing a small armie burned his Campe by night and went into Lusitania After whose departure Emilianus spoyled the countrey and fiue Cities that had succoured him and from thence hée went by Cunea and so into Lusitania against Viriatus By the way two Kingleaders of Romaine théeues did him much displeasure which were called Curius and Apuleius Curius was afterward slayne and Emilianus recouered his losse and tooke diuers Cities of the which some he spoyled and some hee pardoned and of x. M. prisoners he beheaded fiue hundred and killed the rest This done he passed ouer the Wynter and went to Rome hauing bene two yeare in Office His brother Maximus Emilianus tooke a Capitaine of théeues by yéelding and pardoned him and cut off the handes of the other He followed Viriatus and layd siege to Frisana into the which Viriatus got in by night and the next daye came so sodeinlye and fiercely out that first the Pieners and then the Souldiours fledde whome he droue to such barrein and wylde Mountaynes that they had no hope of escape Viriatus was not too proud of this victory but thought that now hée had a good occasion to make an honourable peace with the Romaines And so vpon treatie it was concluded that he shoulde bée taken as the Romaines friend al they that wer vnder him should remain Lords of such possessions as they had Thus had this war an ende by y e benefit of a Romain enimie But it did not long continue For Cepio Brother to Emiliane thought it dishonourable to the name of Rome and not to be ratified The Senate was content that hée should séeke new matter to fal out with him But he ceased not writing till the league was openly reiected Wherefore by this authouritie Cepio went against Viriatus and tooke the citie of Arsa whiche Viriatus had forsaken and was retired bicause he had no conuenient power He ouer tooke him at Carpentania and hadde farre greater power than Viriatus had wherefore Viriatus woulde not fight with him but sent away y e most part of his men by a priuie path and placed the rest vppon an hill in order of battaile and when he knew them to be come to the place which he appointed he set spurres to the horse with such spéede and celeritie that y e Romaines might cast their cappes at him so with y e scorne of his enimie he saued himselfe Cepio sacked the Vettones and y e Callecianes in Portugal many followed y e example of Viriatus liued of Robbing Sextus Iulius was sent against them who founde more a do than at the first he supposed the countrey was so great and the riuers so many as Taio Linia Leca or rather Lima Duero Gauda Loquitur Betis all Nauigable that they might escape
times to fight But surelye hée was more experte than anye other Capitaine and by his long experience in warres knewe that it was a thing bootelesse and woulde not auayle to fight and deale with such sauage people anye other waye than to subdue them by hunger which is remedilesse and the onelye thing that coulde ouer-throwe the Numantines as it didde in déede They that determined to dye in the space of thrée dayes dispatched them-selues some one way and some an other The other came forth at the place appoynted all deformed and horrible to sée their bodyes wer foule and their hayre long their nayles ouergrowen and ful of filth their garments ill fauoured and worse sauoured and the whole feature of their body vgly and terrible their countenaunce strange fierce their affections cruel beastly being by their dyet tourned from the nature of men The Romaines were asronished at the sight with meruaile at their disposition of bodye and minde they considered the penury the dolour and the paine that they had takeÌ„ they abhorretd he remembrance of their feeding being driuen one to gnawe anothers flesh their infected ayre their perishing by hunger their decay by sword made the Romaines heauie in that their time of ioy Scipio reserued some of them for the triumph and solde the others This capitaine that had ouerthrowne two mighty cities and hard to be taken reserued Carthage that was so great and had Empire both by sea and lande and destroyed Numantia from the foundatioÌ„ that was but little and of smal receipte which he did either bicause it was so expedient for the Romaines or bicause hee was a man of cruell nature to them whom he tooke by force or as some men thinke bicause he thought his glorie should growe by the quantitie of their affliction and therefore he is called Africanus and Numantinus of the calamities that he wrought these two cities Whan he had diuided the countrey of Numantia to the next cities and quieted the suspected places with payment of money he went home by shippe After him came other capitaines and did no great feates sauing onely Didius slew a xx M. Aruaceanes and made y e Citizens of Termeto to leaue their strong situation and dwell in the plaine He also tooke Colenda ix moneths after he had beseaged it And in one thing followed the cruelâ—te of Lucullus for he made a number of Celtiberians beléeue that he would giue them lande to inhabite and apponted them to come to a place assigned with their wiues and children And when they were come in deede he made his armie to kill them euery mothers sonne After him came Flaccus and killed xx M. of them and at the citie of Belgida the people was disposed to rebell and caused the Senatours to consult what was best to be done and bicause they were long or the could conclude they set fire on the place and burned them all After the which time there was no great a doe till Q. Sertorius a noble man of Rome and of the faction of Cinnia made much a doe in Spaine against the Romaines against whom Cecelius Metellus and Gneus Pompeius were sent and after that Certorius was traiterously slayn by Perpenna one of his owne sort Pompey made an end of the warre and slewe Perpenna After him Caius Caesar had somewhat adde with Pompeies childreÌ„ who wer fauoured in y e country and last of al Octauius Cesar subdued them that disobeyed and made an end of them All the which things bicause they were done of the Romaines against Romaines in the time of ciuil warre they be declared in the bookes appropriate to the same And wheÌ„ the Emperour of Rome had the Lordship of all the world and euery land was at his commaundement than Spaine was coÌ„pelled to receiue such gouernment as he did appoint which 〈…〉 president of iustice and a 〈…〉 warre And after the decliâ—â—… 〈◊〉 of the Romaine Empire they râ—â—â—uered libertie and grewe into kingdomes as other countries did FINIS Imprinted at London by Thomas East 1580. After some hee lived but 120. and after some 300. yeares A milcar slaine Ther vve sundry of this name vvhereoft one vvas naturall brother to Annibal The Zacynthiane builded Sagunt Asdrubal slaine by a slaue to reuenge the death of his master The inward grudge and Old malice of Annibal toward the Romaines Sagunt besieged Valiaunt stomacks of the Saguntines Sagunt coÌ„quered Open dâ—fiaunce betvveene Rome and Carthage Called new Barbarie Publius Cornelius Scipio and his brother slaine with too much hardinesse A patterue of a most valiant tovvardly victorius Capâ—â—aine For he vsed many times to go into the TeÌ„ple alone and to shut the dore after him and therevppon vvas thoght to haue coÌ„fereÌ„ce with Iuppiter Numanda besieged vvonne by Scipio Secrecie vvise dealing in a polytique General of great force A vvorthy vvarrior to encourage his souldiors revvardeth ech according to their valyant seruice Vvhich is novv the countrey of Granada A wise capitaine letteth no occasion slip that may anie reayes further his affaires Battaile of Cerbona The veÌ„turous enterprise of Scipio Novv called Biskay Illiturgo vtterly razed and all the inhabytauntes slaine Desperate inuincible courage of the Astapians Mutinie of Souldiours against their capitaine Discipline and pollicy of a noble capitaine Rebellious souldiers executed King Indibilis rebelled and being ouerthrovvn in battaile entred into new league and vvas pardoned Massinissa becoÌ„meth a most faithfull confederate with Scipio and the Romaines Siphax maryed to Sophonisba The country of Traiane and Adriane Emperours Indibilis slaine Cato a most stout Capitaine vehement Orator vvan more cities in Spaine than hee abode daies A notable pollycie of Cato Flouting mockerie requited Biskay Great care and pollicy vsed by Gracchus for the succouring of his besieged friends They that meane mischiefe many times fall into mischiefes themselues Sharp vvar renued Great slaughter of the Romaines Discommodity of Elephants in vvarres Lovvring lucke of Nobilior his companie Double deling of Marcellus VVilfulnes couetousnes of Lucullus Novv called Taio Stout courages with out skill order soon ouerthroâ—…en VVicked shameful dealing of Lucillus Crueltie getteth hatred at all hands Combat betvveene Scipio and an other big chalenger of huge stature Lucullus vntruth breache of promise made him and all his to fare the vvorse Iust deling vertue is beloued euen of the enimies Portugall Romaines through their ovvn folly ouerthrovvne The chaÌ„ce of vvarre diuers Neither barrel better Hering Viriatus a stout vvarriour and vvorthy Capitaine Ventidius slaine and his army discomfited Profperous successe of Viriatus Fannius praysed The Romaines and Viriatus friendes louers Viriatus his policie Manlye heartes in vvomen Novv Rio Cauado Braga in Portingale DescriptioÌ„ of Viriatus hovv he vvas traiterouslye murdered Praise of Viriatus Cartagena Numantia now called Soria Pompeius his men for laide vnto by the NumaÌ„tines TermaÌ„tines Desperate dealinges Pompei greatly troubled in minde for his losses mishap at the siege of Numantia Double dealing of Pompei vvith the NumaÌ„tines Deuise of Flaccus to saue himself and his men Famine and mortalitie able to dant euen the stoutest Vnnaturale more theÌ„ brutish vnkindnesse to leaue our friends and companions in extremitie Mancinus â—eprochfully vsed The noble victorious Scipio The vvarlyke discipline of Scipio The Authour of this history Polllcie of Scipio to vvinne the citie by famine The riuer Duero chaâ—ned ouer Valiant enterprise of Ritogenes Punishment of vvilful vvilde yong heads Hunger maketh the stoutest to stoupe The miserarable lamentable state of the Numantins Numantia conquered by Scipio Crueltie falshod of Lidius
accustomed Angell had appeared vnto him and giuen him courage to fight forasmuch as victory did rather consist in the ayde of God then in the number of men And that they might beléeue him the better he caused the Maisters of the Ceremonies and sacrifices to report what they saw in the same And whiles he was about this matter behold a number of birds came flying ouer him which béeing wont to be taken for a luckie token he did not let it passe but tourned his body and sight toward their flight and as a man in furie cryed to the armie to behold this token of victory At the sight whereoff euerye man tourned himselfe as he did and required that they might go fight When he perceiued his deuise to take place he said he would follow the signes of heauen and ordered his men for the battaile And when the souldiours had taken repast he committed the horsemen to Sillanus and the footemen to Laelius and Martius When the Capitaines of the enimies sawe this sodaine assault they armed themselues with great confusion hauing yet taken no repast The onset was giuen on both partes at once as well by the horsemē as footemen The Numidians that were there with Massimssa vsed to come fearsely vpon their enimies spende their Darts and then retyre when they had a while fled they would returne as fearsly againe Scipio had deuised that the Romaines should follow thē so neare with speare in rest that their launching tooles shold stand them in little stéede And so they had y e worst in that fight but the footemē of the Romaines were so ouerlayd with the multitude of the others that all the day they had the worst although Scipio neuer ceased to encourage refresh them til at the last he left his horse taking a tergate from a souldiour stept into y e middest of them cryed now Romaines helpe your capitaine help your Scipio in this daūger at the which partly for shame partly for feare of their capitain they thrust vpon the enimies w c such vyolence y t they coulde not endure their force for y t they were with long fighting lack of sustenance very faint being now neigh night hauing catē nothing all y e day This was y e battayl at Cerbona Wher y e victory was a great while doubtful of y e Romanes viii C. and of the Carthaginians x. M. fiue C. were slaine After this losse the Carthaginians retyred more more til Scipio droue thē to a place wher they were conueniently strong had reliefe of all things Wherefore Scipio left Sillanus to beseage them he himself went further into Spaine Sillanus did so wel w t his enimies that they recoiled stil till they came to the streict passed ouer to Gades Annibal had sēt for his brother Asdrubal y t was prouiding mē at North Spaine to come to him into Italy And bicause he would deceiue Scipio he tooke his way Northerly by y e moūtaines Hyrenaei In this meane time Liuius was come frō Rome to succéed Scipio told him y t the Senate minded to sēd him into Affrica against Carthage which enterprice he had long desired was glad of it He sent Laelio into Barbaria to Siphax w t many giftes requesting him of aliance if hée came into Affrick for y e former loue y t had bene w t him his auncesters Siphax promised so to be receiuing y e gifts sent likwise to Scipio When the Carthaginians vnderstoode this they also made out Asdrubal to Siphax to require him of confederacie whiche whē Scipio heard he thought to preuent him w c two Gallies sailed to Barbary whē he was cōming y e galies of Carthage y t were before him lay in wait for him but by y t benifite of the wynd he escaped got y e port Siphax gaue gētle entertainmēt to thē both and priuely cōcluded leage with Scipio and sent him away The Carthaginians had laide for him againe but yet by good fortune he againe escaped A number of the inhabitants beyond the ryuer called Celtiberians were in Campe with Hanno whom Martius droue to such a strait that they were forced to send him messēgers to treat of accord he bad them first deliuer their Captaine and the fugitiues then expounde their message they tooke their captaine the fugitiues brought thē to Martius he required also the prisoners they brought thē then he commaunded them to delyuer him their mony and come downe to the plaine for it was not méete that they whiche sewed for pardon shoulde kéepe a place of strength When they were come downe hée saide vnto them Although yee haue deserued to die hauing forsaken your countrey that obeyeth vs and serued our enimies yet I am content to let you all goe safe if you wil leaue your armour At the whiche word they were so agreeued that they cryed out and said they would rather die then so to doe wherevpon began a cruell fight in the which the halfe of the Celtiberians were manfullye slaine Sillanus went to receiue a citie called Castace but whē he came there he was repulsed wherof he sent word to Scipio who made readie to come vnto it and by the way assaulted the Citie of Illiturgo This citie when the Scipiones were aliue was friend to the Romaines but after their death plaied a traiterous part and delyuered the Romaines to the Carthaginians Scipio remembred this iniurie in foure houres destroyed it and although he were wounded in the neck yet he gaue not ouer til he had y e victory wherfore the souldiers without any cōmandement despising al spoile killed men women childrē laid y e city to the ground Being come to Castace he Marshalled his camp in iii. seueral places refrained from fight to sée what they would do The citizēs renouncing y e garisō of the Carthaginians deliuered the citie to the Romaines where Scipio left a man of their owne to gouerne it Ther was a citie called Astapa which had continued in faith with y e Carthaginians was beseiged of Martius They of the citie considering that if they were taken they shoulde be sold as slaues caused al their ritches substance to be brought into the market place layde a stacke of woode about it set their wiues children vpon it Then did they choose fifty of their best men and bound them by othe that if their citie were taken they should first kill their wiues children than themselues hauing first set al on fire when they had called y e Gods into witnesse of their purpose they came out assalted Martius y t looked for nothing lesse at the first brunt put y e light horsemen to flight the battaile of footemē made resistance fought it out The Astapians shewed great prowesse though they were inferiour in nūber yet were they nothing inferiour in
valour And being deuoide of hope fought without stop till they were al killed Whē y e fiftie of the towne perceiued y t they dispatched the women the children set the woode a fire and killed themselues Martius had their noble hearts in admiration and refrained from ruine of their houses It chaunced that Scipio fell sicke and left the charge of all the campe to Martius wherefore such soldiours as had spent their gaines vpon pleasure and thought they were not sufficiently rewarded and that Scipio did attribute their trauailes to his glory were not content but rebelled against Martius They cāped by thēselues they made their own captains and gouernours they prouided all things sware to hold together Many of y e coūtry tooke their part Mago sent money to them to allure thē to their sids They alwayes tooke the mony abode stil together Scipio wrot his letters to them that were occasiō of this mutinie excusing the matter saying y t his sicknes had béen cause why he had not condignly rewarded them according to their deserts and y t he would do it immediatly vpon his recouerye Some of them with faire words he caused to be entreated and generally wrote to them all to leaue their opinion and come to him to receiue their reliefe some had y e letters in suspect and some thought good to giue credite and so by accorde they went toward Carthage When Scipio vnderstoode their comming he commaunded the chiefe Gentlemen to accompany them that were the Capitaines of the ryot and vnder pretence of entertainment to haue them into their tentes and make them sure He also gaue order to the Liefetenants and Marshals of the army that the next morning they should be redie with their trustie men and if any made any businesse while hée spake forthwith to dispatch them He betimes in the morning called them to y e assembly had al things accordingly The soldiers wer scarsly vp made them ready with hast being ashamed that their sicke Capitaine should be vp before them and came vnarmed and vnready He lamented at their fact and saide I will with your helpe chastise the causers of your offence Then he caused way to be made that the gentlemen might bring in the Capitains who cryed to the Souldiours for helpe and by and by y e Marshals dispatched thē When the multitude saw this and how they wer naked and enclosed with harnessed men they were heauy sad He caused all the remnaunt of the chief heades to be beaten at the pale and after beheadded and to the residue hée proclaimed a frée generall pardon And thus he redressed his Armie There was a Prince of Spayne that had to name Indibilis was in league with the Romaines Scipio went against him and he refused not to fight but hauing lost twentie thousand of his men he was compelled to aske peace which was graunted him vpon paiment of certeine summes of money Massimissa came to Scipio to confeder with him moued by a displeasure wrought against him at Carthage He was brought vp in the Citie and espoused to Sophonisba daughter vnto Asdrubal y t was Generall of the Armie King Siphax also was in loue with the same Gentlewoman whose beautie was renoumed ouer all Africa bicause he saw an other man preferred he tooke disdain allied himselfe w t y t Romains The Carthaginians cōsidering what a losse they shold haue of such a prince sent him word y t if he would returne againe to them they would giue him Sophonisba to his wife He tooke y e cōdition forsooke y e Romains they maried hir to him in y e absence of hir father hir former husband not making thē priuy to it When Asdrubal heard of it he thought to beare w t it bicause it stoode with y e benefit of his coūtry wold not tell Massinissa of it who was w t him in campe but yet he had priuie intellygence of it secretly went to y e Romaines w t whom euer after most faithfully he continued Then Mago that was Admirall perceiuing that Fortune beganne to lowre frown vppon them left the streightes of Gades and went into Fraunce and Liguria and so the Romaines tooke it and after that time sent yearely Officers to gouerne the coūtry Scipio reduced the Zanthianes into the forme of a Citie of y t name of Italy called it Italica which was the countrey of Traiane and Adriane that after wer Emperours of Rome He retourned to Rome with a great Nauy a rich pray ther triumphed to y t admiration of all men Whē Scipio was departed to Rome Indibilis rebelled again the presidents of the countrey to withstand him made an armie of such garisōs as wer ther left of such other help as tooke part with thē had y e day against him where he was slaine y e rest of the countrey was punished according to their deserts This was y e end of y e first expeditiō y e Romaines made into Spaine After a seson whē they had to do w t Philip of Macedon more trouble begā in Spain Sēpronius Tuditanus M. Claudius and Minutius were successiuely sent thether and did no great good Wherefore at length Cato went in person a young man in déed but a seuere and painefull Capitaine and an eloquent Oratour insomuch that he was worthely compared to Demosthenes When he was come into Spaine hée had an armie of xl M. men whom he cōtinually trained in feats of armes and when he was appointed to fight he sent away his Nauie to Marsyles declaring to his souldiours that only victorye must be their refuge which standeth not in huige multitudes but in valyaunt courages And so when he had vsed such wordes vnto them as men vse rather in reproofes than in exhortations he began the fight in euery place encouraged his men valyantly The field continued equal till the euening he with thrée bands of men went vp to an hill to beholde in euery place how the battaile went and saw that in the midde battaile his men had the worst wherefore hée ranne thether with such a fury with his fresh men that he himselfe was the forwardest in the conflict crying fighting so fiercely that the enimies were put to flight whom he chased al the night and tooke their Campe and all the whole armie attributed y e enterprise and thankes onely to him as the chiefe and first author of the victory he deuided the spoyle among his men and required pledges of the citties He sent his letters to euery cittie commaunding the messengers so to appoynt their iourneyes that although they wer sent seueral wayes some to one cittie some to an other yet they might arriue debate their letters all in one daye The letters commaunded euerye Magistrate of the sayd Citties that immediately vppon the sight thereoff they should beat
number which followed the taile of the armie did euermore some hurt to the caryage when they were come in Marcellus sight they offred their seruice and excused y e offence to be done by thē that knewe not the accorde but Marcellus deteined stil with him the men as prisoners and solde their horses and made a rode into their country laid seage to y e citie which whē they saw they sent an haralde with a Wolfes skinne in stéede of a rod to demaund pardon Marcellus said if the Arbaceanes Bellanes Tithianes woulde in treate for them they shold haue their request They were content so to do desired Marcellus that they might haue a moderate punishment and be conteined in the conditions of Gracchus But some there were y e would not agrée to it bicause ther had bene variunce betweene them wherefore Marcellus sent them Ambassadours of both parties to Rome to dispute their cause before the Senate Hée wrot priuate letters exhorting to accord Whē they were come to Rome y e Ambassadors of their friends were lodged within the citie they which were of their enimies without The Senate was not disposed to peace gaue them none other aunswere but that Marcellus shoulde declare vnto them the will of the Senate apointed a new army of the which Lucius Lucullus was capitaine And thē was the first time that the souldiours wer taken vp by hap and not by election as was wont to be wherefore many citizens were offended The Leifetenant of the armie was Lucius Cornelius Scipio whiche afterwarde tooke Carthage and Numantia Marcellus protested war against the Celtiberians and yet kept still with him the Ambassadour that had ben at Rome and all was to make an ende of the warre before the comming of Lucullus Certeine people of the Arbaceanes tooke Nertobridge made their chiefe resort to Numantia whither he marched camped within v. mile of the citie The capitain of the Numātines called Lintenone desired to speake with Marcellus which being to him graunted they cōcluded that y e Bellanes Titthianes and Arbaceanes should remaine be lest frée wherevpon mony pledges were receiued so the war of this people was ended before the comming of Lucullus Now began y e time of y e Romaines declination from their auncient puritie and state for notwithstanding y e peace was made by the Romaine cōsull yet Lucullus for desire of glorye couetous of mony inuaded the Vacceanes who had neuer offended the Romaines He passed the ryuer Tagus without any commisson from the Senate and camped at Cancea they of the towne came forth to know the cause why he lay there he aunswered to reueng the Carpentanes whō they had iniuried with this aunswere they retourned And when the Romaines went a foraging they lay in a waite set vpon them slew many of them droue y e rest to their camp wherefore he came out against them in order and they a long time had the better hande but when they had wasted their shotte and not experte in firme battaile they tourned their backs at the streightnesse of the gate thrusting one another very many were slaine The next day the olde men of the towne came out to know what they might doe to bée friendes with the Romaines Lucullus bad them to bring vnto him pledges and an C. talents of gold and to serue him in the warres They graunted all than he required his garrison to be receiued they were likewise content Then put he in two M. picked men commaunded them to be sure of the gats the wals which being done he entred with all his hoast gaue commaundement to kill man and childe without respect so were they cruelly murdered slaine calling the Godds to witnes of their iniurie receiued at the Romaines hands Lucullus sacked the Citie and for reward wan to the Romaines a perpetuall slaunder The other people drewe together into strong places burned all such things as they could not carrie bicause they woulde leaue nothing for Lucullus he made a long voyage in desert places and at length came to a Citie called Endecacia wher xx M. were assembled Than he like a fond man moued them to accord they obiected vnto him the calamitie of the Causeanes demaunding if he woulde bring them to lyke amitie Wherfore he being in a rage as al men be that haue done euill who rather ought to repent spoyled all the countrey then layde siege to the Citie They of the towne came out and skirmished and so kept him occupyed There was one among them of a goodly stature and faire in armes that came many times forth and challenged any Romaine to fight hand to hande and bicause none tooke the defence he flouted and scorued the Romaines and went his way Thus he vsed long time till Scipio a man of smal stature could no longer stay himselfe but would néedes fight with him and by good fortune killed him as great as he was There was a company of the Citie that wer gone for a conuay of vittayle before Lucullus came bicause they could not enter the Citie they came by night gaue alarme to the Campe and they of the Citie did the lyke so y e they wer sore troubled in the host and besides this they wer not accustomed with the meates of y e countrey hauing neither salt oyle nor vineger they eate all things fresh wherby they were sicke of the fluxe many of them died When the ramperes were finished they battered the wall and entered the citie but by very fine force they wer repelled and in the retire fell into a fenne and the more part perished They of the Citie repayred the wall by night In continuaunce of time their want wared so great that they were not able to hold out and yet would not yéelde for the vntruth of Lucullus Wherefore Scipio tooke the matter in hand and promised that in the accorde no fraude should be vsed They were content to trust him bicause of y e great fame and renowme that was generallye reported of him They were content to giue to the Romaines x. M. Iackes fiftie pledges and a number of Cattaile Lucullus that sought for nothing but mony required golde and siluer thinking to finde plentie there but he was deceiued for those people did not care so greatly for it and had none to giue him After this league he went to the citie of Pallantia which was of more strength better defenced with men and all other things necessary he had counsaile not to meddle with it but yet he had hope to be enriched by it his expectation fayled for the Horsemen of the Pallantines kept him alwayes so from vitaile that he fell in lacke and was forced to depart and they followed him to the riuer Orio which he passed and tooke places for his Winter herborow There was an other Countrey
at their pleasure Wherefore Brutus considered that it was impossible to ioyne with them all and a rebuke to let them continue and small glorie to ouercome them wherefore he thought best to assaulte their holdes thinking when euerye man was driuen to defende his owne their broode shoulde bée the sooner broken So following this deuise hée beate downe all he could meete The woemen were in the warre with their husbandes and shewed such manlye heartes that when they were killed they did not cast forth one worde Manye fledde into the mountaines and for lacke of foode required pardon whiche he fréely gaue them and tooke their pray When hée hadde thus done hée passed the Ryuer Orio and raunged ouer the countrie taking pledges of them that accorded with him And he went ouer the flodde Lima where no Romaine had done so much and from thence to the Ryuer Niben and ledde his armie against the Braccarianes bicause they had stopped vitaile that came vnto him These be people with whome their wiues goeth to warre and dye valiauntly without any shrinking or scryking and whē they fight they neuer flée nor any whit lament when they die Many of these being taken the women to auoyde captiuitie killed their children and afterwardes themselues choosing rather to dye worthily than to liue wretchedly Thus Brutus wan much and came to a citie called Labrica whiche had many times broken promise with him and once againe they desired pardon and rendred themselues he required all the fugitiues of the Romaines all their armour and certeine pledges and last of all that they should forsake their city which when it was done hée called them to a Parlaiment in the whiche hee reproued them of their ofte rebellion and breaking of their promise with so sharpe words that they feared some grieuous punishment being on ech side enclosed with al the army but he rested satisfied with repeting them with this reproch and refrained from further vengance And when he had taken their corne and their common treasure from them contrarie to all mens opinion he let thē dwell in their owne citie Thinges being thus ended it fell out that he must returne to Rome And before he went it chaunced that Viriatus sent to him iii. Ambassadors Aulace Ditalcone and Minuro to treat of accorde which Ambassadors by faire promises were corrupted did agrée for a some of mony and other thinges to kill their tapitaine the valiant Viriatus This Viriatus was a man of verye small sléepe though his trauaile were neuer so great And for the most part slept in in his harnes bicause he might bée readie at all assayes And it was lawfull for any souldiour to come and speake with him by night whiche vse the traytours knewe and at the first sléepe entering into his tent as though they had had some matters of weightie importance they cut his throate for otherwise they could not hurt him being so well armed after whiche villanous déede they went their way safe no man suspecting thē or hearing any noyse When they were come to Cepio they demaunded their rewarde for their fact He grāted them all their possessions and for the rest sent thē to Rome in y e morning they of the campe marueiled y e Viriatus came not forth thought he had reposed himselfe to some ease But in the end when they heard nothing of him certeine of them went in and founde him deade Wherevpon throughout the whole armie there was great dolour as might wel bee no meruaile considering the losse of so good valiant a capitaine and the case that they presētly stoode in one thing greatly grieued them that they could not finde the murtherers They burned his bodie after the manner vppon a great stack of wood with many ornaments and great sacrifices and with their bandes of horsemen rode about it magnifying and praysing him Whan the fire was quenched and the exequies done they made a goodly sepulchre in his honour set forth Iusts attorniaments with most solemne pompe and chalengies man to man so great was the loue and desire that euerye man had of him And surely he was a man most expert in gouerment most circumspect and warie in perill and most bolde and hardie in dispising the same in deuision of any pray or bootie he obserued such iustice as hath not ben heard he wold haue no more for his part thē any other cōmō person had And though they desired him to take prefermēt he would not and that also which fell to his share and portion he gaue away alwayes to them that were forwarde men and valiaunt wherefore he might say y t which none other capitaine coulde for his armie being gathered of a mixture and rifraff of all sorts continued in obedience vnder him viii years w t out any mutinie in y t world and at all daungers were most readie to serue him After him they chose Tantalus to their capitaine who tooke vpon him to assalt Sagunt whiche was nowe Carthage but being repelled from thence and wery of his wandring hée was content to yealde vnto Cepio he tooke their armour from them and gaue thē ground to inhabite bicause they should refraine from robbery pillage After Cepio came Cecilius Metellus subdued the Vacceanes Ther were two strong cities that would not giue ouer Termantia and Numantia of the whiche Numantia was situate in a rocky place deuided with two ryuers fensed with mountaines cōpassed with thicke woods and onely on one side had way to the plaine which was fortified with many ditches and pillaires ouerthwart They were good men on horsebacke and a foote and might make viii M. fighting men the which small number for their worthy valour wrought the Romaines much a do There was of the Romaines xxx thousande men and two thousand horse well trained and practised in war Pompeius lay at the seage at Numantia went forth on a time to viewe a certeyne ground the Numantines came from the hill killed his horsemen wherevpon he with such mē as he had marshalled his hoast and came into the plain to fight The enimies descended downe and affronted them and after as they had bene afraide fledde vp to the hill whither if the Romaines followed they were sure to be lost And so Pompeius euery day had the worst in these skirmishes although his nūber were a great deale more wherefore he brak vp seage went to Termantia as to a more easie enterprice but he founde it of the same nature For at y e first onset he lost 7. C men and a capitaine of x. thousande that brought a conuaye of vittaile was put to flight and thrée times encountred in one day and at length driuen to the Hils and Rockes where many miserably perished both Horse and man and all that night tooke no rest and in the morning were assailed againe and fought all day till night deuided the fight
but spent the rest of his time in harborough at Carpetane The people of Rome were weary of this tedious warre and determined to create Cornelius Scipio Consull as he who onely as their hope was coulde dispatch this enterprise but bicause hee coulde not be consull by reason of his young years y e senate was content y e peple shold repeal y e law for one yere And so he was made Consull and came into Spaine He tooke vp no souldiours by order but such as would go with him of good will and such as came to him from Cities and Kings confederated he tooke to supplye the number many slaues and made one band of such as wer his assured friēds and companions which bande he called Philonide These souldiours to the number of foure M. he tooke to his cousin Buteo to leade and he went afore in haste to Spayne where he found the army lost and effeminated with ryot and seditition he considered wel that he shold neuer do no feat with his men except he had them in awe and order and therefore he was no sooner come but he banished al Merchants Whores Southsayers For now the Souldiours were so frayed with the former losses that they would do nothing but with Prophecies he assigned few seruaunts and Pieners he sold al beasts of Cariage except such as were néedfull he woulde haue no Cookes in the army nor instruments of the kitchin but a spit and a pot tooke an order for their dyet which was no more than sufficient He would not suffer them to haue any beddes and he him selfe was the first that slept vpon a couch of straw He forbad the souldiours in the waye to ryde vppon the beastes of cariage saying there was no great hope of his trauaile who could not walke a foote He reproued them that had seruants to rubbe them in the bathe saying that Mules without hands had néede of some to clawe them He by this meanes brought the armie againe to temperaunce and obedience and accustomed them to reuerence and feare and was harde to entreat except it were in matters iust and honest He vsed to saye that gentle Capitaines were profitable to their enimyes and harde Capitaines were profitable to themselues When he hadde brought them to good order yet durste he not venter in anye assaye till he had trayned them furder Wherefore he made euerye daye newe Campes one after an other to kéepe them occupied and cast great Ditches and fill them agayne buylded high walles and pulled them downe agayne And he in person was there from morning till nyght to encourage the Labourers In his waye hée marched euermore in a square Battayle and would suffer none to goe out of their place Hee rode about the armye some time before some time behinde and made the sicke Souldiours to ryde in stéede of the Horsemen The Mules that were ouerladen he caused to be lyghted and deuided the burden among the footemen When hée camped in Sommer hée woulde haue the Horses that hadde bene abroade by daye to rest at night and haue other goe in theyr place Euerye thing was appoynted to euerye manne who to appoynt the place who to digge the Trenche who to buylde the wall and who to set the tents to all the which was a time and measure assigned When he perceiued the armie to be in good discipline and of lustie courage he remooued toward Numantia and by the way made no great businesse but kept himselfe close least otherwise he shoulde growe into contempt among his enimies if at the beginning he should receiue any losse therefore considering well the state of the thing and the importaunce of the Empire he thought he wold come with all force at once vppon the Numantines he wasted euery thing and cut downe the Corne before it was ripe Ther was two wayes to Numantia one short and plaine which they perswaded him to take he aunswered that he must thinke as wel of his Retyre as of his March and considering the enimies were armed lyght and hadde the Citie on their backes they might so trouble him with his heauye carriage that all his labour should be in vaine for if he did ouercome he should get no profit and if he were ouercome he should haue great losse He sayd further that he was an euill Capitaine which would aduenture to fight with-out great aduauntage and he was a sage Capitaine that would not fight but when mere necessitie compelled him euen as wise Phisitions refraine from cutting and searing till they haue proued al other medicines and salues Wherefore he gaue order to goe the longer way about and to wast the lande of y e Vacceanes from whence the Numantines had reliefe The Pallantines had layed an ambushment in certeine hills and with an other company molested them that cut downe the Corne. Scipio sent a Capitaine of his named Rutilius Rufus who wrote this Pamphlet with foure Troupes of Horse-men to refraine their incursions Rufus did his Office and encountred with them who of purpose fledde to the Mountaynes and he followed them too boldlye but when he suspected fraude hée made his men leaue the chase onely with their staues kéepe them off When Scipio sawe him approach too nigh the Hils doubting of the traine he came forward to helpe him and diuided his men into two partes to assaile the enimies and by encountring and retiring not hastelye but with the vse of their shot he saued all the other After this he leuied his campe and went forward There was a déepe riuer daungerous to wade and full of myre about the which the enimies were ambushed which when he perceiued he tooke an other way about going night and day and for lack of water made wels in many of the which was found bitter water And in the ende the men passed safe although with paine but of his Horses and Moyles there dyed a great number Marching thorow the country of the Cauceanes vppon whom Lucullus had made iniust warre he proclaymed by his Herauld that they should not doubt but retourne euerye man home to his countrey to doe his businesse Than went he forward into the countrey of Numantia to lye ther the Winter till he had .xii. Elephants a band of Archers and slingers sent him frō lugurth Nephew to Massinissa as he was about a spoyle he fell on a time in an ambushmēt nigh a towne the greater parte where-off was enuironed with a fenne marsh and the other with a sharpe Hill and a thicke Wood in the which the bushment laye The hoast of Scipio was deuided and one part was gone into the Wood to séeke their pray and had left their ensignes without an other company of Horsemen not verye many were gone on for raging and ranging about and were affronted of the bushment Scipio himselfe remayned with the ensigns and called forth the souldiors with a Trompe and before they were retourned a companye of a thousand in