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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05412	The estate of English fugitiues vnder the king of Spaine and his ministers Containing, besides, a discourse of the sayd Kings manner of gouernment, and the iniustice of many late dishonorable practises by him contriued.; Discourse of the usage of the English fugitives, by the Spaniard	Lewkenor, Lewis, Sir, d. 1626.	1595 (1595)	STC 15564; ESTC S108544	137,577	247

Fathers affection to vse many loude and passionate speeches the Spaniardes by violence thrust him avvaie calling him foole and dronkarde The griefe whereof strake the olde man so inwardly to the heart that hee vvent home to his lodging and died vvithin sixe dayes after And his sonne when his raunsome came not in time Vincents father dyed of sorow himself hanged in chains at Bargenopsome was by the States commandement sent to Bargenopsome and there hanged in chaines where his cracasse remaineth yet wauing in the vvinde Smith held yet somewhat longer out though drinking as deeply in the cup of miserie or rather deeplier than anie of the rest for hee fell thorough sicknesse and pouertie into such extremitie of vvantes that of a Captaine hee was faine to be come a victualler and to buy butter and cheese and by making sale thereof againe to helpe to releeue his poore estate Withall he fel into so strange extreme a dropsie that I scarcely beleeue the like was euer heard of neither truly doo I speak this to amplifie the matter for all those that haue seen him beyond sea will approue my speeches either of his legs was swollen to that bignes of a mans middle his face onely was bare of flesh and miserable and his eies sunke into his head in such sorte that I neuer remember to haue beheld a more pittifull spectacle in which miserie after he had languished well neere a yeere and a halfe he died finally in extreame calamitie as it is tolde me since at Gaunt in the yeere 1588. Walsh onely had this good hap that he suruiued all the rest of whom I will speake the lesse because there is scarcely anie one in England that professeth armes but knew both him and his fortunes After the breaking of the regiment from a Captaine he was faine to become a priuate soldier and yet not thereunto without great sute accepted vnder Canullo de Mounts companie of horsemen in the garison of Breda which issuing one daie forth of the towne was vpon the plaines neere adioyning encountered defeated by sir Phillip Sidneys companie of English lances Captain Walsh taken prisoner among the rest Captaine Walsh in two places grieuously wounded and taken prisoner brought into Holland where my L. of Leicester gaue commandement presently to hang him Sir Phillip Sidney being full of true honor earnestly intreated my Lord for his pardon obtayned it in respect that he knew him to bee valiant and withall that howsoeuer in this action transported yet he had euer borne a dutifull regard towards her Maieiestie Whereupon beeing recouered of his hurts hee serued some while in the armie vnder my L. of Leicester as a priuate soldier Afterwards comming into England he went with my Lord Willoughbie as Ensigne to one of his companies to the siege of Paris Lastly hee followed my L. of Essex into France as a priuate souldier where his fortune was to be slaine vnder the wals of Roane Captain Walsh slaine vnder the wals of Roane and with his death finished the last act of this tragedie Of which truly I knowe not what you wyll iudge that reade but sure I am that I who write it am full of wonder and amazement when with my selfe I consider in so short a space the fal of so many men of great courage and valour all taken awaie by violent death Which vndoubtedly maketh me assure my self that God doth mightily protect the cause of her Maiestie God doeth apparātly protect the cause and quarrell of her Maiestie and wil not suffer the disloialties of her vnfaithful subiects to escape vnpunished as by these most miraculous foreremembred examples most euidentlie appeareth But now to proceed with my Discourse Sir W. Stanley and R. Yorke the one rendering the towne of Deuenter and the other the forte of Zutphen Shortly after came sir William Stanley Rowland Yorke either of them being a man of great courage well approued valor and long experience in the warres the one rendering vnto the king the towne of Deuenter and the other betraying the fort of Zutphen the one being coronel ouer a regiment of foot the other captain of a companie of lances Let vs see the one the others prosperitie and the sequell of their vsage vnder their new chosen master the Spanish king First sir W. Stanley was confirmed gouernor of the towne which hee rendred his regiment left there in garison with the receit of two moneths pay For a while he liued in the greatest applause that might be Cardinall Allen was written vnto to Rome to send down priests to instruct this religious regiment He informed the Pope thereof who both wrote ioyntly vnto the king to be good and gracious vnto this regiment which being well liberally intreated as they had alreadie at Rhemes and Rome a Seminarie of students and schollers to praie write for the Catholike cause of our Countrie so this being conducted by so worthy and Catholike a Gentleman as sir William Stanley might bee a contynuall nurserie and seminarie of souldyers to fight for the same A Treatise written by Cardinal Allen Withall Cardinall Allen wrote a booke vnto the Captaines and souldiers of this regiment indeuoring therein to satisfie theyr consciences as touching the iustice of this action and likewise animating them constantly to perseuer in this goodly course into the which they were now entered Besides downe came Priestes thicke and threefolde from France and Italie catechizing these newe souldyers with many Masses and continuall Sermons Gentlemen that for theyr conscience laye dispearsed in other partes all drewe downe thether in hope of this good payment and golden world that there was talked of In the meane time while the matters were thus in handling there chaunced to arise a great and deadly contention betweene sir William Stanley and Rowland Yorke Quarrell betweene sir William Stanley Yorke which as you shall heare yeelded a verie good and easie occasion to ouerthrowe them both which to the ende you may the better vnderstande I thinke it not amisse to fetch the matter somewhat farther frō the beginning Deuenter whereof sir William Stanley was made gouernour by my Lorde of Leicester is a fayre Citie chiefe and metrapolitane of the Prouince called Ouerisel which confineth on Frizeland scituated vpon the inside of the riuer Isel not farre thence vpon the same riuer and the same side standeth a great towne called Zutphen wherin there was for the king of Spaine a gouernour called Tassos a Germane borne and of obscure parents but himselfe of notable courage Tassos gouernor of Zutphē and by degrees and deserts was growen vnto these partes to great reputation and commandement next in authoritie to Verdugo who was Generall of Frizeland Ouerisel Zutphen and the bordering places he had first trained Tassos vp to the warres Verdugo Lieutenant generall of Frizeland and giuen him from time to time such charges and preferments

Nothing so odious to the Italian as the gouernement of a Spaniard displeasing and contrary to the nature of an Italian Likewise hee is faine to entertaine continually a great number of gallies vppon the coast of Naples to defend those seas and shoares from the incursions of the Turke the like charge by sea and by land hee is forced to bee at in Sycilia Sardina his Cities on the coast of Affrica Portugall the Terceraes the Indies Brasile Maiorque Minorque yea and euen in his Spanish Prouinces of Biscan Galycia and Arragon as for Nauarre hee knoweth that hee holdeth them no longer than hee treadeth vppon their neckes and therefore hee layeth on loade there with his garrisons both of horsemen and footemen as well in Pampelona as the other Townes and Fortresses of the Countrey and all will be little enough and if it would please almightie GOD to blesse the indeuours of the French King And of all these his garrisons and charges hee cannot for his life diminish any beeing guiltie too himselfe of the violence of his gouernement being not further assured of them than whiles hee holdeth their heads in the bridle I will not dispute the iustice of his Titles not yet alleage the pretences whereby the Frenchmen entitle their King not only to Artoys Henalt Naples and Millaine but also to Spaine it selfe But that hee holdeth Portugall Maiorque and Minorque the Countie of Ronsillen and the kingdome of Nauarre by meere extortion and extremitie of wrong is to all the world a matter most apparant and euident insomuch that some of his owne Writers in their Apologies and defences of some of his Titles are constrained in a manner to fortifie their best reasons with the verses of Eurypides If right and iustice are to be transgrest To breake them for a kingdome then t' is best Besides all this his prouinces and dominions do stand so seuered and disunited that the very transporting of his money from one to an other as it is with danger and inconuenience so is it of it of infinite charge vnto him insomuch that I haue heard some of his Commissaries in the Low Countries sweare there is no crown of his that commeth from Spaine into those partes but standeth him in fiue ryalles of plate so great is the charge of carriage conuoyes and commissaries to deliuer and receiue the same from one place to another He norisheth factions and diuisions in most Countries of christendome His Intelligencers and Spies Withall there are fewe Realmes or Countries of Christendome in which hee entertaineth not factions and diuisions and scarcely any in which he nourisheth not a number of Intelligencers and Spies all depending of his purse with whome hee dealeth more or lesse liberally according vnto the place or meanes they haue to doe him seruice if they be entertained in Court or neare about the person of a Prince able to send him good intelligence or to doe some notable mischiefe for him His detestable p●actise with Lopes for the taking away of her Maiesties life hee will not sticke to come off bountefully as for example you sawe how cunningly hee had practised with Lopes that damnable Physition who like his predecessour Iudas had for money consented to betray innocent blood to whom besides the fiftie thousand crowns for which the bargaine was hee commaunded his Secretarie Ibarra to bidde him demaunde what else hee woulde so that hee would take vppon him to perfourme that which hee had promised which was by taking away her life by whome wee doe all liue to bring our noble Countrey into such a sorrowe desolation and misery as neuer anie Nation had tasted the like But it hath pleased the Lorde our God of his endlesse mercie as hee hath alwayes mightily and miraculously defended her Maiestie so likewise nowe to confound the wicked conspiratours in their owne diuellish deuises and to preuent the tragicall intended issue of theyr most barbarous and bloody practise being such as well in regarde of the secrecie of handling as the imagined facilitie of performaunce that of manie which he the diuell and their adherents haue set abroach since the beginning of her Maiesties glorious reigne neuer any to mans iudgement was halfe so daungerous the manner and memorie whereof is so fresh that the recitall of any particularities would be but superfluous Onely let vs not forget to be thankefull vnto almightie God for his mercy shewed in reuealing it nor vnto that worthie and honourable Lord by whose watchfull industrie and zealous care of her Maiesties safetie it was first suspected and finally by his wisedome and discreete handling fully discouered who although hee did before possesse the faithfull loues and vndissembled affections of as many as euer did any of his ranke yet neuer did hee although hee hath doone many thinges vertuously and nobly any thing that wonne him such reputation and applause throughout the whole Realme All men in generall and euerie man in particular acknowledging to haue heerein receiued of him a most singular and peculiar benefite All his kinsemen of the house of Austria depend chiefly vpon the maintenance of his purse But leauing this and returning vnto my former matter it is a thing notorious to al the world that the house of Austria is spredde into manie braunches of which euery one reteineth the name of Archduke But in conclusion their dignitie lordeshippe and estate is faine to rely wholly vppon his purse for there is not any thing in all this worlde that hee more affecteth than to mainetaine this house of Austria in greatnesse and dignitie and therefore vppon the death of Battor the last King of Polonia hee laboured infinitely to inuest his coosine Maximilian the Emperours brother in the royaltie of the Realme Maximilian of Austria sent by the King of Spaine into Polonia with an army sending him downe besides many secret bribes bestowed vppon the noblemen of Polonia with a mighty army of Reyters to take possession the vnfortunate successe of which enterprise as also the Archedukes imprisonment and dishonourable escape I do voluntarily omitte as beeing a thing vnto the whole worlde well knowen and altogither impertinent vnto the discourse which I haue in hand In the Consistorie of Rome hee is faine to entertaine a great number of those hungrie Cardinalles in pension and fee as well to gaine their voyces when neede requireth as also when the pontificall sea is voide to looke well to their election especially and aboue all thinges that hee whome they elect can daunce the Spanish Measures in which if after his being chosen hee shoulde chaunce not to foote it well according vnto the tune of his pipe then presently to remooue him with a Castilian Calenture A Castilian Calenture the which is a strange disease neuer lightly holding them aboue three dayes and many of them of late haue beene subiect vnto it This Pope doeth feare it mightily and that maketh him so loath to accept the French Kings

and conspiracies that haue beene betweene them woulde yeelde matter to as delightfull an historie as hath beene penned in our time The pretence of the kings of France to Naples and Milan First no man is ignorant of the pretention and title which the Kings of Fraunce doe pretend to the kingdome of Naples the dukedome of Millaine the County of Ronssillon and the earledomes of Artoys and Henalt for the recouery of which stil as they haue beene within themselues at quiet they haue made one attempt or other alwayes therefore one of the chiefest pollicies of the King of Spaine hath beene to finde them worke at home insomuch that though it be strange yet the Frenchmen doe very confidently write it that such was his desire to keepe ciuill dissention afoote in Fraunce that hee spared not to animate yea and sometimes secretly to help and assist with money The prince of Conde and the Admirall although all the worlde knoweth hee neither liked their cause nor religion the like they say hee offered to this King of Fraunce when hee was King of Nauarre though hee knewe hee coulde not offer it to a man in the worlde which lesse loued him But leauing these secret excusable matters and comming to open and published apparant practises Seeing that the last King of Fraunce beginning to growe strong and mightie the Protestants quiet and his Realme peaceable hee thought it high time to looke about him and therefore casting his eyes vpon the discontented humours of France hee amongest the rest made choice to vse as a principall instrument for shuffling the Cardes the late Duke of Guyse The duke of Guyse picked out by the K. of Spaine to set ciuill warr● afoote in France a braue and valorous Prince haughtie ambitious audacious a souldier a spender prodigall popular and indebted euen vppe to the hard cares Him hee fedde with money which though not answerable to his humour for to that effect his Indiaes had beene to tithe yet it put him in such gallant humours that hee presently reproachfully gaue out amongest the people that the King was a fauourer of heretikes a scismaticke and a sorcerer and withall The audacious insolence of the duke of Guyse hee called hi himselfe Protectour of the Church of France and finally grew to so great an insolencie that beeing forbidden by the King hee durst enter into Paris putte the people in armes assaile the Kings Guardes and finally constraine the king by flight to abandon both the Citie and his Pallace of the Lonure The day of which holy enterprise was ordained by the Sorbonists to be kept holiday and called the day of the Barricades The day of Barricades The king was mightily agreeued heereat but being not able to play the Lion was contented for a while to counterfeit the Foxe vsing the matter so slily that hee drew the duke of Guyse and his brother the Cardinal to the parlement of Bloys where with faire and gentle wordes hee so finely ouerwent them in the middest of al their confidence and greatnesse that whereas they did attribute all his friendly shewes and offers to want of courage The duke of Guyse and the Cardinall his brother slaine by the king of France and feeblenesse of spirit he neuerthelesse still perseuered pretending all loue and meekenesse vntill such time as taking them at aduantage he saw them both he dead and bleeding at his feete The newes of which tragicall accident was not so much displeasing to the king of Spaine in regarde of their deaths vpon whom his factious businesse so much relied as it was pleasing insomuch that the greatnesse of their parentage the multitude of their followers and partiseans and the affections of the people considered bee knewe that there could not but ensue many great tumultuous and in a manner irreconcileable broiles Mendoza the king of Spains Embassadour in Paris to which effect Mendoza his purblinde Embassadour in Paris seruing for nothing but like the Diuelles trumpetter to set men together by the eares vsed the vttermost of his endeuour and dilligence incenfing the people to such ragefull madnesse that though murdering one an other with mutuall wounds which was the onely thing they shotte at they sawe apparantly their owne miserable calamitie and destruction yet like men troubled with a frensie abhorring all remedy and cure they grew from degree to degree into so great a fury and violence that they procured the death of their annointed king by the hands of a detestable Iacobine The king of Fraunce murdred by a Iacobine Frier whom as a late Frenchman writes they haue since in regard of that worthy exploit canonized for a martir by the name of S. Clement These things succeeding so much to the Spanish kings desire whereas before his endeuour was to nourish betweene them onely ciuill dissention and strife he now beganne to entertaine greater hopes and to aspire to the very royall diademe and monarchy of France To which end he caused his Embassadour to hire the Sorbonists Iesuites and mercenarie Friers to steppe vp into the pulpits and to insinuate to the people the necessitie of a K. especially of such a one as were mightie and of power to resist the K. of Naaurre comming then puisant in armes against them Mendoza likewise spared not himselfe to broake his masters cause by bribery and al the other best bad meanes he could persuading them his Master hauing married a daughter of France and his children being halfe French that they could not so safely throw themselues into the bosome or protection of any man as of his but in fine The Cardinal of Burbon elected king of France by the name of Charles the tenth the Parisiens liked better of his gold than his gouernment and elected for their king the old Cardinal of Burbons vncle at that time prisoner to the king that now is calling him Charls the tenth But he being neere 80. yeeres of age was scarcely so soone chosen as dead The duke of Feria sent downe to Paris Then began Mendoza to bestir himselfe again within a while likewise to help him the better the D. of Feria was sent downe but the vtmost that both could doe with infinite and profuse expence of their masters money was to get him the title of Protector of France prouided alwaies that the Spanish pistolets kept their course The king of Spaine chosen Protector of France which only kept him frō being discarded for how closely soeuer he hand led the matter the League had discouered that like a Canker hee meant to eate into their estate And therefore though they could not breake with him their businesse beeing nowe brought to a necessitie of him and of his money yet they liked not his intiteling himselfe to Britaine and sundry other his proceedings all tending to vsurpation insomuch that they helde him in so great a iealousie diffidence and mistrust that they woulde neuer suffer any of his