its Buildings especially in its Suburbs which is severed from the City by a Wall which gives entrance by six Gates As touching the Trade of this Kingdom I shall include it under this City as being the chief place of Traffick The Commodities exported are the product of the Country already treated of and those imported are all sorts of English Commodities especially Apparel Silks Stuffs c. also Wines Oils and several other Commodities Their Coins as being under the Jurisdiction of England have correspondency therewith and are here currant as also those of Spain and an Irish Pound which consisteth of 20 s. is but 15 s. sterling which makes their Shilling but 9 d. sterling And as to their Weights and Measures they are the same with those of England where see further Wickle seated on the Sea Wickle where over the narrow Haven there standeth a Rock enclosed with a strong Wall instead of a Castle and serveth for a place of defence New-Castle a Town which regardeth the Sea Newcastle where there are Shelves of Sand which they call the Grounds reaching a great length between which and the Shoar is said to be about seven Fathom water Houth seated on the River Liffy at its fall into the Sea Houth which almost encloseth it Malcheal also seated on the Sea Malcheal nigh unto which is a small Isle called Lambey County of East-Meath described EAST-MEATH a County watered with the noble River Boyn which cutteth the Country into two parts and after it hath received the Waters of Lough-Ranmore dischargeth it self into the Sea It is severed into twelve Baronies viz. Moyfenragh Dunboyne Ratoth Duleeke Kells Morgallon Skreen Navan Lune Slane Foore and Decce And hath for its chief place Trim seated on the River Boyne a Town of good account and Trade Trim. Aboy a well inhabited and frequented Town Aboy Navan Drodagh Slane Navan Drodagh and Slane which also hath a Barony County of West-Meath described WEST-MEATH so called as lying Westwards as the other is for lying Eastwards It is divided into twelve Baronies viz. Farbill Moyeashell Clunlonan Brawney Moygoish Delvin Corkery Demyfoore Maheredernon Rathconrath Kilkenny-west and Fartullagh And hath for its chief places Molingar the chief Shire-Town Molingar as being commodiously seated in the midst of the County Delvin seated on the Summit of a Hill a Town dignified with a Barony Delvin and Kelskery Kelskery County of Longford described LONGFORD a County almost encompassed with Lakes and Rivers amongst which is the Shannon the noblest River in the Kingdom It is severed into six Baronies viz. Ardagh Granard Moydow Longford Rathline and Abbyshrewle And hath for its chief places Longford which gives name to the County seated on the Lake Eske Longford or rather on the Shannon Ardragh another good Town Ardragh County of Kildare described KILDARE a rich and fertil County severed into ten Baronies viz. Salt Nass Ikeathy or Oughtereney Claine Connel Magna Carbury Ophaly Noragh and Rabane Kilkullen half Kilcah and Moon Whose chief places are Kildare a fair Inland Town being well frequented defended by a Castle Kildare and dignified with the See of a Bishop A place much celebrated in the Infancy of the Irish Church for its St. Brigid an holy Virgin who was the Disciple of St. Patrick Mainoth defended by a Castle and is a place of good account Mainoth and well frequented Naas Athie Naas and Athie seated on the River Barrow both Towns of some account Kings County described KINGS COVNTY so called in honour to Philip King of Spain Husband to Mary Queen of England It is divided into ten Baronies viz. Cooles-Town Philips-Town Marrius-Town Ballicowen Kilcoursey Balliboy Clonliske Garricastle Ballibritt and Fercale And hath for its chief places Philips-Town or Kings-Town Philips-Town queens-Queens-Town described QVEENS COVNTY full of Boggs and Woods is divided into eight Baronies viz. Balliadams Vpper-Ossery Portnehinch Tenehinch Cullinagh mary-Mary-burrough Slewmargigh and Stradbally And hath for its chief places queens-Queens-Town a place of good account and is the chief in the County queens- queens-Queens-Town Rheban once a City but at present of small note Rheban County of Caterlough described CATERLOVGH a fertil County and well clothed with Wood. It is severed into five Baronies viz. Ravilly Caterlough Forth Idronye and St. Mullin in part And hath for its chief places Caterlough Caterlough seated on the River Barrow of good account and strength Leighlin Leighlin also seated on the Barrow once dignified with an Episcopal See Tullo Tullo seated on the River Slane Carickbrak Areklo Carickbrak and Areklo which two last are seated on the Sea County of Wexford described WEXFORD or WEISFORD washed by the Sea a County in former time according to Ptolomy possessed by the Menapians a sort of People which came out of Low-Germany It is divided into eight Baronies viz. Gory Scarwalsh Ballagheene Bantry Shellmaleere Forth Bargy and Sheelburne And hath for its chief places Wexford Wexford supposed to be the ancient City Menapa scituate at the Mouth of the River Slane where it hath a good Haven a fair Town and of note for being the first Town that imbraced a Colony of English as also for its Herring-fishing which makes it to be well inhabited and frequented Ross Ross seated on the River Barrow which after a small course falleth into a Bay or Arm of the Sea Ternes Ternes scituate on the Slane dignified with the See of a Bishop and was in former time fortified with a Castle Eniscort Eniscort a Borough and Town Corporate County of Kilkenny described KILKENNY a very fertil County well graced with Towns is divided into ten Baronies viz. Gowran Fassaghdining Kilkenny Cranagh Galmey Callen Iverke Sheelelogher Kells Knocktopher Ida-Igrin and Ibercon And hath for its chief places Kilkenny Kilkenny seated on the River Nur which traverseth the County a fair and wealthy Borough-Town far exceeding all other Mid-land Borough-Towns in the Kingdom It is divided into the English and the Irish Town that part belonging to the English being fenced on the West-side by a Wall and defended by a Castle and that part which belongeth to the Irish being as it were the Suburbs is of the greatest Antiquity having in it the Canicks Church and is honoured with the See of the Bishop of Ossery Thomas Town Thomas Town seated beneath the River Nur a small walled Town Callan Callan seated on a River so called a Borough and Town Corporate Religious Houses Amongst the places in this Province set apart for Divine Worship these following were of great note viz. the stately Abbey called Thomas Court at Dublin built by King Henry the Second in expiation of the Murther of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury the Monasteries of St. Maries of Oustmanby and Tintern and the Abbey founded by William Marshall Earl
In SPAIN to wit In the Firm Land as The Kingdom of ARRAGON where are Ten Cities to wit Caragosa Lerida Huesca Jacca Callatajud Borio Daroca Teruel Albazarin And more than a hundred Walled Towns the chief of which are Anza de Sobrarbe Benavarri de Ribagorsa Monsons Fraga Camfrane Viescas The Principality of CATALOGNE or CATALONIA with the County of ROUSILLON where are In Catalogne eight Cities Barcelona Tartagona Lerida Girona Tortosa Solsona Urgel Vich In Rousillon two Cities Perpignan Elna And about an hundred and fifty Walled Towns the chief of which in Catalogne are Puycerda Balaguer Cardona Cervera Manresa Castillo d'Empurias Roses And in Rousillon Collioure The Kingdom of VALENCIA where are Four Cities Valencia Segorbia Xativa Orihuelha And about 60 Walled Towns the chief of which are Elche Biar Denia Gandia Alzira Morvedre Villa Real St. Mattheo In the Sea as The Kingdom and the Isles of Majorca Majorca Minorca Citadelli Yuisa Yuisva In ITALY to wit In the Firm Land as The Kingdom of NAPLES where are Terra di Lavoro Naples or Napoli Capona Principato citra Amalfi Salerno Principato ultra Benevento Conza Calabria citra Conzenza Calabria ultra Reggio Cotrone Basilicata Cirenza Terra di Otrante Tarante Lecce Otrante Brindici or Bâ—indes Terra di Bari Bari Capitanate Monte St Angelo Manfredonia Comtado di Molife Abruzzo citra or Abruzze citerieure Lanciau or Lancrano Sulmone Civita di Chietti Abruzzo ultra or Abruzze ulterieure Civita di Penna Aquila In the Sea as The Isle and Kingdom of SICILY where are in Val di Demona Messina Taormina Catane Patta Troina Cefaledi Val di Noto Siracuso Noto Motya Termini Val di Mazara Palermo Monreal Trapani Marzalla Mazara Xacca Girgenti The Isle and Kingdom of SARDAIGNE where are in Capo Cagliari Cagliary or Calari Oriftagni Villa di Glesia Capo Lugodori Sassari Algeri Bosa And divers Isles towards Naples Ischia Capri towards Sicily Lipara c. The Estates of the Crown of PORTUGAL are In EUROPE the PORTUGALS or Kingdom of PORTUGAL comprehendeth three Regions six Provinces twenty Almoxarifatz that is Courts of Audience or for the Receipt of the Kings Revenue 18 Cities more than 400 walled Towns 200 Boroughs 4000 Parishes The Regions are Between the Rivers MINHO and DOURO where are the Provinces of Between the Rivers MINHO and DOURO which comprehend the Almoxarifatz of Porto Porto Viana de Foz Caminha Viana de Foz de Lima Barcelos Ponte de Lima Ponte de Lima. Guimaranes Braga Guimaranes TRA-LOS MONTES which comprehendeth the Almoxarifatz of Miranda Miranda Bragansa Torro de Mencorvo Torre de Mencorvo Chiaves Villa Real Villa Real Pinhel Castel Rodrigo Pinhel Between the Rivers DOURO and TAJO where are the Provinces of ESTREMADURA which containeth the Almoxarifatz of Lisbona Lisbona Santarein Santarein Tomar Tomar Alenquez Alenquez Sintra Leiria Leiria Setubal Setubal Cezimbra Almada Palmela Alcazer do Sal. BEIRA which holdeth the Almoxarifatz of Coimbra Coimbra Guarda Guarda Lamego Lamego Viseu Viseu Aveiro Aveiro Castel Branco Castel Branco Salvatierra Indanha ALEN-TAJO or between the Rivers TAJO and GUADIANA where are the Provinces of ALEN-TAJO which holdeth the Almoxarifatz of Evora Evora Beja Beja Serpa St Jago de Câ—cem Mertola Ourique Elvas Elvas Olivensa Mouraon Portalegre Portalegre Crato Estremoz Estremoz and Avis ALGARVE and the Almoxarifatz of Tavila Pharo Tavila Lagos Silves and Lagos Divers Estates Kingdoms Isles Cities c. in the other parts of the one and the other Continent among the which are In AFRICA and On the Coasts of The Kingdom of Fez Centa The Kingdom of Morocco Mazagan The Countrey of Negroes Arguin Sierre Leone Cachieu Guinee St. George de la Mina The Kingdom of Angola St Pol de Loanda Cambambe Caffreria or Cafres Cuama or Sofala Zanguebar Mozambique Malinde Monbaza The Isles of Madera Funghal Azores Angra Cape Verd St. Jago St. Thomas c. Pavoasam In ASIA and On the Coast of Arabia Mascate Persia Ormus Cambay Diu Daman Bazaim Decan Chaul Cuncan Goa Canara Barcelor Malabar Cananor Cranganor Cohin Coulan Choromandel Negapatan Malâ—apour or St. Thomas Pegu Sirian Malacca Malacca China Macao The Isles or part of the Isles of Ceylan Colombo Manar Manar Moluccoes Nostro Seniora del Rozaria Japon Meliapon In AMERICA and In BRAZIL the fourteen Capitanies or Governments of Para Para. Maranhan Maranhan Ciara Ciara Rio Grande Rio Grande or Potengi Parayba Paraba Tamaraca Tamaraca Fennambuco Olinda Seregippa Seregippa Bahia de Todos los Santos St. Salvador los Isleos los Isleos Porto Seguro Porto Seguro Spiritu Santo Spiritu Santo Rio Janiero St. Sebastian St. Vincent Santos To the R t Worshipfull Henry Hunloke of Wingerworth in Derbyshireshire Bar t This Mapp is humbly D.D. by R.B. A General Mapp of the Kingdom of SPAINE By Monsieur Sanson Geographer to the Eranch King SPAIN THE Kingdom of SPAIN is almost quite encompassed with the Ocean and Mediterranean Sea and the Pyrenean Mountains seperate it from France These Mountains are that Isthmus or neck of Land that uniteth Spain to the Continent and serveth as a desence and bound for this Kingdom and France and the Inhabitants that here reside are a sort of rude and Barbarous people Spain taken conjoyntly with Portugal which though a particular Kingdom hath been always taken as a Member thereof extends it self from the 35th degree of Latitude unto almost the 44th and from the 9th degree of Longitude to the 24th It is seated in the most Southernly part of the North Temperate Zone Scituation the longest Summers-day making 15 hours It is a Country not over fertil in Corn or Cattel which doth occasion the People to order their Diet accordingly their chief food being Sallets and Fruits the product of the Earth so that with a small piece of flesh they will make two or three Dishes and above all their Oleums are esteemed as an excellent dish But in recompence of the defect of Corn and Cattel the Country produceth divers rich Commodities as Wines Oils several Mettals Rice Cork Soda Barrellia Shumack Soap Its Commodities Anchoves Hony Wax Woad Coriander Saffron Anniseeds Raisins Almonds Oranges Lemmons Liquorice Wool Lamb-skins raw Silk c. Spain received its first People from Celtes whence came the name of Celtiâ—eri then the Phoenicians and Carthaginians possessed the most Southern parts nearest to Africa The several Inhabitants and endeavoured to make themselves Masters of all the Country The Romans drove them out and possest it wholly and in the declension of their Empire the Goths Vandals Sueves Alains and Silinges fetled here and parted it amongst them The Goths in the end remained sole Masters till such times as the Moors vanquished them and forced them to retire to the Mountains of Leon the Asturias and Gallicia The People now inhabiting in Spain are of a swarthy complexion black hair'd and of a good proportion they are very stately in all their Actions of a Majestick gate in their carriages are very grave and
Province of Angoumois ANGOVMOIS South of Guienne hath for its chief place Angoulesme Province of Berry BERRY very fertil and hath rich Pastures on which are fed abundance of Sheep of whose Wool the Inhabitants make store of Cloth It s chief places are 1. Burges dignified with a flourishing Vniversity 2. Issoudun 3 Chasteau Roux 4. Argentum and 5. Sancerre Province of Dutchy of Burgundy BOVRGOGNE or BVRGVNDY which is subdivided into several less parts hath for its chief places 1. Dijon built by the Emperour Aurelian proud in her Parliament and for giving birth to St. Bernard 2. Autun once the chief City in the Province and dignified with an Episcopal See 3. Beaune famous for its stately Hospital equalizing many Princes Palaces and these places are in Bourgogne particularly so called 4. Challon in Challonnois belonging to the House of Orange 5. Mascon in Masconnois where the Devil made his visits and disputes to a Minister which story is sufficiently known being at large treated of in a Book entituled the Devil of Mascon 6. Semur in Auxois and 7. Chastillon on the Seine in the Country of Montagne Several small Countries Adjacent to this Province of Burgundy are the Countries of Charollois Auxerrois Bresse Balliage Beugey and Veromey The chief place of CHAROLLOIS is Chorolles of AVXERROIS Auxerre of BRESSE Bourge a Town so well built and so strongly fortified that it is esteemed impregnable of BALLIAGE which bordereth upon the Swisses and Savoy Gex which is not far distant from Geneve and of BVGEY and VEROMAY bordering upon Dolphin and Savoy Belly which is a place of some account Province of Lionnois LIONNOIS hath for its chief places 1. Lions seated upon the conjunction of the Roane with the Soane by some esteemed the second City of France a famous ancient Mart Town and the See of an Archbishop who is Primate of all France 2. Treveux in the Sovereignty of Dombes Mombrizon in the County of Forez and 4. Ville Franche in the Country of Beaujolois Province of Auvergne AVVERGNE hath for its chief places 1. Bourbon the Archambaul 2. Molins seated on the Elaver of note for their neat Cases of Knives and Scissers both in the part or Country of Bourbonnois 3. St. Pierre le Montier in Nivernois 4. Cleremont the Seat of Vercingetorix who so bravely opposed Caesar 5. Riom 6. Monferrand 7. Vic le Comte and 8. St. Flour all in Auvergne particularly so called 9. Gueret and 10. Dorat in the Part of La Marche Government of Guienne and Gascogne In the Government of Guyenne and Gascogne are several Provinces and Countries in which are seated many good Towns and Cities In GVYENNE are 1. the Province of Saintonge whose chief place is Sainctes 2. Guienne which hath for its principal City Bourdeaux seated on the Banks of the Gerende famous for being the Birth-place of King Richard the Second at present honoured with an Vniversity and a Parliament It is a place of a very great Trade and plentifully furnished with divers good Commodities especially Wines and Paper 3. Prigort hath for its chief place Perigueux seated on the Banks of Ila 4. Agenois whose chief place is Agen 5. Limosin hath for its chief places Limoges and Brive 6. Quercy in which are seated Cahors a rich and beautiful City built on the ascent of a Hill and Montalbon scituate on the Garond a place of good strength and 7. Rovergue whose chief places are Rodez and Vabres Provinces in Gascogne In GASCOGNE are also divers Provinces which with its chief places are taken notice of in the Geographical Table of the four Governments beyond the Loire beginning with Guienne and Gascogne Province of Languedoc LANGVEDOC may be divided into three quarters in which are several parts In the higher Langnedoc are the Cities of Toulousa in Toulousan a fair large City though of no continuance and is a place of a considerable Inland-trade 2. Alby in Albigeois 3. Castellan darry in Auraguais and 4. Foix in Foix. In the lower Languedoc are 1. Narbone the first Colony planted by the Romans next to Carthage out of Italy 2. Aleth 3. Limouth all in Narbone 4. Beziers 5. Agde and 6. Pemenas in the quarter of Beziers 7. Montpellier esteemed the healthfullest place for a pure Air in all France 8. Nismes and 9. Beaucaire all in the quarter of Nismes In the other part called Sevennes are 1. Mende in the quarter of Gevaudan 2. Le Puy in Velay 3. Viviers and 4. Vzes in the part of Vivarais Province of Daulphine The Province of DAVLPHINE is watered with the Roane and other Rivers and honoured with the title of the Princes of France It may be divided into three great parts which are subdivided into others viz. in the part or quarter towards the Roane are the Parts and Cities of Vienne in Viennois of some esteem for its excellent Sword-blades here made 2. Valence a fine City watered with the Roane 3. Romans 4. St. Marcellin 5. Crest and 6. Montelimar all in the higher and lower Valentinois and St. Pol Trois Chaux in the part of Tricastin In the quarter in the midst of the Province are 1. Grenoble in Grisivanden 2. Die in Diois and 3. le Bujiz in Baronies And in the quarter towards the Alpes 1. Embrun in Embrunois 2. Gap in Gapensois and 3. Brianson in Briansonnois Province of Provence PROVENCE washed by the Mediterranean Sea hath for its chief places towards the Roane Arles a Town well fortified by Henry the Fourth and Tarascon Upon the Sea 1. Marseille once a Colony of the Phoenicians commodiously seated on the Mediterranean shoar enjoying an excellent Haven and Road for Shipping which renders it a place of a considerable Trade and is well frequented by Merchants 2. Thollon the best Sea-port Town on the Mediterranean in all France having a capacious and safe Haven and is well resorted unto by Merchants 3. St. Tropes 4. Grace and 5. Vence In the midst of the Province are 1. Aix honoured with a Parliament 2. Salon 3. Apt and 4. Riez And towards the Alpes are Sisteron Digne Senez Glandeeve c. To the Province of PROVENCE doth belong the Country of Avignon and the Principality of Orange In Avignon are many walled Towns and some Cities the chief of which is Avignon a fair City seated on the Roane famous for being the ancient Seat of the Popes till removed to Rome This City is worthy of observation in that here is said to be 7 Parish Churches 7 Monasteries 7 Nunneries 7 Inns 7 Palaces and 7 Gates to its Walls as also for being made a Vniversity Principality of Orange In ORANGE are several good Towns and Cities the chief of which is Orange seated on the Meine of note for the wonderful and excellent Antiquities that are here to be seen and this Country belongs to the Prince of Orange To the twelve Governments we ought to add LORRAINE where are the Cities
Parish Churches and is traded unto by 12 Market Towns Leicester delightfully seated in a healthful Air rich Soil Leicester and on the Banks of the Stour over which it hath two Bridges It is a place of more antiquity than beauty being said to be built by King Leir and called Caer-Lerion wherein Authors say he placed a High-Priest to serve in the Temple of Janus which he caused to be built and wherein he was buried This Town was also had in great request in the time of the Romans also Ethelred King of the Mercians erected here an Episcopal See which he soon translated elsewhere to its great impoverishment but the noble Lady Edelfled not only repaired it but also encompassed it with a strong Wall and much added to its Riches so that it soon became a place of a great Trade which glory and riches it lost by the Spoils it sustained by Rob. Bossu the Crouch-back Earl of this Shire As to its present state it is a Borough and Town Corporate governed by a Major Aldermen and sub-Officers is dignified with the title of an Earldom is well inhabited hath indifferent good Buildings sendeth two Representatives to Parliament containeth 3 Parish Churches and its Market on Saturdays is well served with Corn Provisions and Country commodities From this Town Crouch-back Richard set forth with great strength and pomp to Redmore near Bosworth where on the 22 of August 1485 in a bloody Battle there fought for the deciding the differences betwixt the Houses of York and Lancaster he was slain yielding both himself and the victory to Henry of Richmond who was proclaimed King in the field and the next day the body of the said Richard was disgracefully brought back torn and naked and as meanly buried in the Gray-Friars of Leicester in a Stone-chest which now is made use of in an Inn for a Drinking-trough for Horses Loughborough Loughborough delightfully seated on the banks of the Sour over which it hath a Bridge amongst fertil Meadows and near Charwood Forrest It is a handsom Town beautified with fair Buildings and a large Church and hath a very considerable Market for Corn Cattle Sheep and Provisions on Thursdays Melton-Mowbray Melton-Mowbray well seated in a fertil Soil and on the banks of the Eye which almost encircleth it over which are two fair Stone-bridges It is an indifferent large and well built Town and hath a very considerable Market on Tuesdays for Corn Cattle Hogs Sheep Provisions c. Lutterworth Lutterworth seated on the Swift and in a good Soil an indifferent Country Town beautified with a large and fair Church which hath a lofty spired Steeple and its Market on Thursdays is well served with Corn and Country commodities Near this Town is a Spring so cold that in a short time it turns Straws and small Sticks into Stone LINCOLNSHIRE County of Lincoln described a County of a large extent and doth divide its form bounds and division into Hundreds The Soil is of a different temperature the Western and Northern parts being very pleasant and grateful to the Husbandman both for Corn and rich Pastures which feed great store of Cattle and the Eastern and Southern parts are fenny barren and unfit for Corn but in recompence hath great plenty of Fish and Fowl The Air upon the South and East parts is thick and foggy occasioned through the Fenny grounds but the other parts good and healthful It is well watered with Rivers as the Humber Trent Idell Dane Wash Witham Welland c. which lose themselves in the Sea The chief Commodities that this County produceth are Corn Cattle Fish Fowl Flax Wool Alablaster c. This County is severed into 3 principal Divisions or Parts viz Lindsey Holland and Kesteven which are divided into 30 Hundreds in which are numbred 631 Parish Churches and is traded unto by 31 Market Towns Lincoln Lincoln a City of great antiquity and hath been far more magnificent and spacious than now it is whose ruinous places doth witness the same being said to have had 50 Churches which now are reduced to 15 besides its Cathedral or Minster said to be one of the finest loftiest and stateliest structures in England This City in the time of the Britains was of great strength and fame containing 1070 Mansions and 900 Burgesses with 12 Lage-men having Sac and Soc and in the time of the Normans it was esteemed one of the best peopled Cities in the Isle and enjoyed a great Trade both by Sea and Land insomuch that King Edward the Third ordained here his Staple for the Mart of Wools Leather and Lead But it s pristine glory has been much eclipsed by the several shocks of ill Fortune it hath met with nevertheless it is a place well inhabited and frequented enjoyeth a good Trade and its Markets on Fridays is well served with Provisions and its Shops furnished with Commodities It is pleasantly seated on the side of a Hill and on the River Witham which divideth it self into several streams and waters in the lower part of the City over which are divers Bridges for the accommodation of the Inhabitants in their passage to and sro It is dignified with an Episcopai See where the Bishop hath his Palace and whose Diocess is the greatest of any in England numbring within its Jurisdiction 1255 Parishes of which 577 are Impropriations The civil Government of this City is committed to the care of a Major 2 Sheriffs 12 Aldermen who are clothed in Scarlet besides a Recorder Town Clerk 4 Chamberlains a Sword-bearer 4 Serjeants at Mace c. It enjoyeth ample Immunities sendeth two Representatives to Parliament and is a County within it self whose Liberties extends about 20 miles in compass and is called the County and City of Lincoln The Isle of Axholme made so by the Rivers Trent Dun Idel Isle of Axholms and others It is a large tract of ground in which are seated several Towns the flat and lower part of the Isle towards the Rivers is Moorish and yieldeth a sweet Shrub called by the Inhabitants Gall. In this part have been great and tall Fir-trees digged up And the middle part which is a rising ground is fertil and produceth great store of Flax. Barton seated on the Humber Barton where there is a considerable Ferry into Yorkshire which doth much advantage the Town which is large and stragling yet hath but an indifferent Market on Saturdays Grimsby Magna seated near the Humber or rather the Sea Grimsby Magna and in a flat and Marshy rich ground This Town was formerly very large having two Parish Churches enjoyed a good Trade but its Harbour which was then commodious being choaked up hath much eclipsed its trade and grandure having now but one Church which for largeness giveth place to few Cathedrals Here was formerly a Castle an Abby a Nunnery 2 Priories and 2 Chantries which time hath reduced to ruins and in their places are erected Houses It
was removed to Chichester Arundel Arundel pleasantly seated near a Forest so called and on the Banks of the Arum over which it hath a Bridge It is an ancient Borough Town governed by a Major and sub-Officers and amongst its Immunities sends Burgesses to Parliament it was once of note for its ancient and strong Castle which flourished in the time of the Saxon Empire The Town is indifferent large and its Houses well built and hath a Market Horsham Horsham seated near St. Leonards Forest said to be so called from Horsa Brother to Hengist who were the first Leaders of the English Saxons into this Isle It is a large Borough Town governed by Bailiffs sends Burgesses to Parliament is the place where the County Goal is kept as also the Assizes and hath a very great Market on Saturdays for Corn and all sorts of Provisions especially Fowl which is bought up by London Haglers New Shorham seated on an Arm of the Sea Shorham which renders it to be a place of some Trade and would be more had it but a good harbour for Ships It is a Town Corporate governed by a Constable and Burgesses electeth Parliament men but hath not the benefit of a Market Lewes scituate on the banks of the Arun a Town of good antiquity Lewes where King Athelstan appointed the Mintage of his Money It is a Town Corporate governed by 2 Constables enjoys several Immunities electeth Parliament men and hath a very good Market for Corn and Provisions on Saturdays This Town for fairness of Buildings and Streets populousness of Inhabitants both of Gentry and Tradesmen and largeness numbring 6 Parish Churches and having large Suburbs may be esteemed one of the best Towns in the County At the entrance of the River Arun into the Sea is New-haven of late made a pretty secure Harbour for Ships which hither put in in Foul weather which these Seas are subject unto East-Grinsted seated on an Eminence Grinsted a small Borough Town on the confines of the County towards Surrey is graced with a fair Church hath the election of Parliament men is governed by a Bailiff and Burgesses is the place where the Assizes are often held and hath a good Market on Thursdays Winchelsey of good antiquity Winchelsey and once of far greater account than now it is and that occasioned by the Seas unkindness in forsaking it yet doth it still enjoy its Priviledges as keeping of Courts in being a Member of one of the Cinque-Ports in sending Burgesses to Parliament and by being governed by a Major who is Lord of Yarmouth for the Fishing-Trade and Jurats The Town is seated on a Rock or sandy Cliff and on an Inlet of the Sea where it makes 4 Cataracts and were its Haven not choaked up it would be a place of Trade It was formerly a large Town numbring 18 Parish Churches which are all reduced to ruin except one and its Buildings also wasted and ruinous for want of Inhabitants so that its Market is now disused Rye one of the Cinque-Port Towns Rye which began to flourish upon the decay of Winchelsey being walled about where the Cliffs defend it not in the Reign of King Edward the Third It is at present a fair and well-built Town with paved Streets is well inhabited and frequented chiefly by Fisher-men being of note for its excellent Herrings here taken and for being the ready Port-Town to Normandy It is governed by a Major and Jurats hath a commodious Haven and hath weekly 2. Markets viz. on Wednesdays and Saturdays which are very well served with Corn and Provisions Hastings of good antiquity being Incorporated Hastings governed by a Major and Jurats is one of the Cinque-Ports enjoys large Immunities and is of note for being the place where William the Conquerour set up his Fortress at his Landing at Balver-hith not far distant where he caused his Fleet to be burnt It is a large Town containing 2 Parish Churches chiefly composed of as many Streets in each of which there being a Church and its Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays are well resorted unto and served with Corn and Provisions especially Fish which is here had in great plenty As to the scituation of this Town it is couched between a high Cliff Sea-wards and as high a Hill Land-wards County of Warwick described The County of WARWICK seated as it were in the midst or heart of the Kingdom and participates with her in the best both for richness of Soil pureness of Air and pleasure to its Inhabitants It may be divided into two parts the one called Feldon and the other Woodland and these are in a manner separated by the River Avon which in a crooked passage runneth through the County That called Feldon is more Champain affording rich Meadows feeding store of Cattle and is exceeding grateful to the Husbandman in their Crops of Corn That called Woodland of old Arden took its name from the great plenty of Wood which is now much wasted by the Iron-works and this part is more ungrateful to the Husbandman It is severed into 5 Hundreds in which are numbred 158 Parish Churches and is traded unto by 17 Market Towns Coventry Coventry well seated for an Inland City being esteemed the chief place of Trade in these parts a place very well inhabited and frequented and the more for the great quantities of Cloaths here made and vended It is a fair neat and large City containing 3 Parish Churches of which that of St. Michael and the Holy Trinity are loftily built and is beautified with good Buildings and well ordered Streets and its Cross now lately repaired is composed of curious work and delightful to behold Here it was that Godiva wife to Leofrick Earl of the Mercians for the purchasing the Citizens freedom and to be eased from those heavy Taxes which he imposed upon them for some Offence about Noon-day rode naked through the chief Streets of the City It is a place which enjoyeth several Immunities being a County incorporate of it self having within its Liberties several Towns is governed by a Major 2 Sheriffs and other sub-Officers keepeth Courts for the hearing of Causes and trial of Felons having a Goal for Offenders and sendeth Burgesses to Parliament It is a place well served with Commodities and its Market on Fridays is very great for Corn Cattle Provisions c. Warwick VVarwick a Town of great antiquity said to be built by Gurgunstus almost 400 years before the birth of Christ and in the time of the Romans it was in a very flourishing condition large and populous where they kept a Garrison which was a Band of Dalmatian Horsemen It is at present a Town of good account seated on a steep Rock and washed on the River Avon over which it hath a strong and well-built Stone-Bridge It is indifferent large containing 2 Parish Churches besides several demolished its Houses are well built its Streets well-ordered and large
for its Salt-Pits or Wiches having three Fountains that afford great plenty of Water for the making of Salt which is excellent white and good for which here is drove a good Trade Sturbridge Sturbridge seated on a Flat and on the Stower over which it hath a Bridge it is a good and well-built Town hath the accommodation of a good Free-School with a Library and its Market on Fridays is well furnished with Corn Provisions and Swine Kidderminster Kidderminster feated under a Hill and on the Severn where the Stower loseth it self dividing the Town in twain an ancient Bailiwick-Town beautified with a fair Church hath well-built Houses is well inhabited and much traded unto for its Stuffs called Kidderminster-Stuffs and its Market which is on Thursdays is considerable for Corn Gottle Provisions and several Country-commodities Bewdley Bewdley a Bailiwick-Town which sends Burgesses to Parliament pleasantly seated on the Severn and near the Forest of Wire which in former time was a place of great delight and much resorted unto It is a neat and well-built Town enjoyeth a good Trade for Mault Leather and Caps called Bewdley-Caps here made and hath a Market on Saturdays chiefly considerable for Barly YORK-SHIRE County of York describ'd the largest County in England being above 300 miles in compass and although thus spacious for the generality is indifferent fertil yielding good plenty of Cattle Corn Fowl and Fish for if one part is stony sandy and barren other parts make amends and although there are great store of Heaths and Moors which are barren ground yet are they profitable to the Inhabitants for the feeding of Cattle In this County the Romans had several Stations and here were abundance of Abbeys Monasteries and Religious Houses many of which were of great note eminency and wealth The chief Manufactures of this Shire are Stockings Alum Jett Lime Knives Pins c. but above all Cloth in great plenty It is fevered into three distinct parts and called the North-Riding the East-Riding and the West-Riding which said Ridings or Parts are subdivided into 26 Wapontacks or Hundreds viz. the North into Eleven the East into Six and the West into Nine and in all these Wapontacks are numbred 563 Parish Churches besides abundance of Chapels of Ease by reason of the largeness of the Parishes many of the Chapels being as large as Parishes in other parts of England The North-Riding of Yorkshire may not improperly be divided into Richmondshire Cleaveland a fertil part North-Allerton and Blackmore very Mountainous Craggy and Moorish The chief places in this Riding are York City of York which next to London claimeth the Priority of all others in the Kingdom a place of great antiquity and fame having its rise from the Romans who had it in such great esteem that Severus their Emperour had here his Palace and here ended his days and had those Funeral Rites solemnized on his Corps according to their custom And here Fl. Valerius Constantius surnamed Chlorus bid adue to the World and in his room his Son Constantine was here proclaimed Emperour Nor did this City thus flourish only in the time of the Romans but was of great repute in all succeeding Ages and hath in all the revolutions and changes under the Saxons Danes and Normans preserved its ancient lustre and is at present a fair large and beautiful City adorned with many splendid Buildings both publick and private is very populous much resorted unto and well inhabited by Gentry and wealthy Tradesmen and numbreth about 30 Parish Churches and Chapels besides its Cathedral or Minster a most stately Structure dedicated to St. Peter Amongst its publick Buildings of note these may be taken notice of The Bishops-Palace its Chapter-House a curious piece of Architecture the Princes-House called the Mannor and the Courts of Judicature held for the Neighbouring Marches according to that of Ludlow It is a City and County within it self enjoyeth large Immunities sendeth Burgesses to Parliament is governed by a Lord Major 12 Aldermen clad in Scarlet 2 Sheriffs 12 Common Council 8 Chamberlains a Recorder Town Clerk Sword-Bearer and Common Serjeant with other sub-Officers It is a place of great strength being well fortified and enclosed with a strong Wall on which are many Turrets or Watch-houses and hath for entrance 4 Gates and 5 Posterns It s scituation is no less pleasantly than commodiously seated on the Owse which severeth it in two parts but joyned together by a fair Stone-bridge and to conclude its Markets on Thursdays and Staturdays are very considerable and well served with Flesh Fish Fowl c. as are its Shambles on the Week-days with Provisions Malton or New-Malton seated on the Derwent Malton over which it hath a good Stone-bridge It is composed of two Towns the New and the Old Malton and both containing 3 Parish Churches it is a place well inhabited and accommodated with good Inns hath weekly two Markets on Tuesdays and Saturdays which is one of the best in the County for Horses living Cattle Provisions and most Country-commodities especially Vtensils for Husbandry and as a Borough Town which is but meanly built electeth Parliament men Pickering or the Honour of Pickering a pretty good Town Pickering belonging to the Dutchy of Lancaster hath a famous Old Castle now ruinous in which they keep their Courts for the hearing of Causes under 40 s. in the said Honour which includeth several Villages which as it were encompass it so that the adjacent Country is called Pickering-Lith the Forest of Pickering and the Liberty of Pickering It s Market which is on Mondays is well served with Corn and Provisions Scarborough a place of great strength as well by Nature as Art Scarborough being seated on a steep Rock with such craggy Cliffs that it is almost inaccessible and beareth so into the Sea that it is washed on all parts except on the West where it yieldeth access by a strait passage Cliff or Gullet where it hath a strong Wall On the top of this Rock is a very fair green and large Plain containing about 60 Acres of ground and hath a little Well of Fresh-water springing out of the Rock and for its further defence hath a strong Castle now made use of by his Majesty for a Garrison This Town is not very large but well built and inhabited enjoyeth a good Trade having a commodious Key with several Vessels belonging to it which are employed by them and during the Herring-season for the Fishing Trade they being plentifully taken on this Coast This place is of note for its famous Spaw much resorted unto as well by Foreigners as the English It is a Town Corporate electing Parliament men is governed by two Bailiffs and a Common Council and hath two Markets weekly on Thursdays which is of good account and on Saturdays which is but small Not far from this Town is Robinhoods-Bay so called from Robinhood that noted Robber in the Reign of
higher for to avoid this excess of Altitude the Ocean floweth from those places towards the Equator Now the original of the Opinion concerning the greater Altitude of the North Land more than of others seemeth to spring hence because that the face being turned to the North we discover the Pole elevated above the Horizon and our place and therefore the Pole of the Earth and the vicine tracts of the Land in their supposition is higher than other Regions Some determine the Indian Ocean between Africa and India to be higher than the Atlantick Ocean which they endeavour to prove from the Bay viz. the Arabian and Mediterranean where also the doubt is to be considered Whether the Altitude of the Bay be the same with that of the Ocean or lesser especially in the extream parts of the Bay and chiefly in those Bays which are joyned by a narrower Streight of the Ocean The Indian and Atlantick Ocean higher than the Mediterranean But it is not improbable but that the Atlantick and Indian Ocean are higher than the Mediterranean Bay especially in the extreams parts of this at Asia Minor and Aegypt For the Atlantick Ocean floweth through the Streights of Gades into the Mediterranean Bay and it is probable that the Altitude of the Ocean is some what greater than that of the Streight because a free Influx is impeded in these Here indeed will be a small difference but then proceeding forwards in so long and large a tract between Europe and Africa the depression of this Bay will seem to be made greater than that of the Ocean especially when it meeteth many Rocks Islands and procurrent Lands which repel the current Water and therefore either diminish or beat back the Influx Yea if that be true which is reported by credible Authors concerning Sesostris King of Egypt Darius and other Egyptian Kings we ought no longer to doubt of this inequality of Altitude For those Kings attempted to draw a Trench or Channel from the Red-sea into the Nile so that by this passage a Navigation might be performed from the Indian and Red-sea through Egypt and hence through the mouths of the Nile into the Mediterranean Sea which would have offered great profit and conveniency to many Regions of the Mediterranean Bay But they were forced to leave their enterprise when it was discovered by those that were skilful that the Red-sea was much higher than the interiour Egypt Now if the Red-sea be higher than the Land of Egypt it will also be higher than the Water of the Nile and by consequence than the mouths of the Nile and then the Mediterranean Sea it self for that the water of the Nile is not of a lesser Altitude than the Mediterranean is hence manifest that it floweth into it wherefore the Red-sea and therefore also the Indian Sea is higher than the Mediterrean at least at the extream parts of it about Egypt Syria Thrace and in the Aegean Sea The Isthmus which conjoyneth Asia and Africa endeavoured to be cut by the Egyprian Sultans Moreover other Egyptian Kings in times past and of late the Egyptian Sultans and Turkish Emperors have consulted how to digg through the Isthmus which conjoyning Africa and Asia disjoyneth the Mediterranean and Red-seas but the reason why they proceeded not is reported to have been the Altitude of the Indian and Red-sea above the Mediterranean and the Coasts adjacent to it and therefore they feared least that the water flowing from the Red-sea should overflow and drown the Regions of those Coasts especially Egypt concerning whose low scituation all Writers do consent If therefore the Isthmus between the Red-sea and the Mediterranean should be cut or dugg through then by an open passage the Indian Ocean would immit much water into the Mediterranean Bay but whether it could let in so great a quantity that there should be any danger of an inundation of the Regions adjacent to the Mediterranean sea I doubt For peradventure it may be thus if that the Indian Ocean should let in somewhat overmuch then the Atlantick Ocean would let in less through the Streights of Gades from whose Altitude somewhat would be detracted if that the motion were made from the Indian Sea into the Mediterranean But although I deny not but that this may be Reasons why the Egyptian Sultans and Turks did not digg a passage through the Isthmus yet I suppose that the Egyptian Sultans and the Turks were moved by other reasons and Political Causes for the omitting the digging through of this Isthmus As 1. The vast expence it being forty German miles and the Earth rocky also banks must have been made by the advice of skilful Artists which they wanted 2. They supposed that the Inhabitants of the Christian part of the World as the English French Dutch Italians c. would have reaped more benefit by that means than they themselves For then through that Streight they might have sailed into Persia and India whereas now they fetch a vast circuit compassing all Africa and have laden themselves with their rich Commodities which they are now contented to have at Aleppo See Massius in his third Book of his Indian History being thither brought on Camels through the Turks Territories and in many places receive customs for the same which is no small benefit unto them 3. That the Sultans and Turks knew that the Christians excelled in the abundance of warlike Ships which they were deficient in and therefore feared least they should be invaded by a strong Navy which might land a powerful Army and so over-run their Country These were necessary to be explained concerning the Altitude of the Mediterranean Sea compared with the Red-sea the Atlantick and Indian Ocean by reason that some thence take occasion to maintain that the Altitude of the parts of the Ocean is divers But we may confirm them also by another example if that we may compare small matters with great The German Ocean which is part of the Atlantick flowing between Friesland and Holland into a Bay which although it be small in respect of the more noted Bays of the Sea yet it is also called a Sea and watereth the Empory Amsterdam Not far from thence is the Lake Harlame which is also termed the Sea of Harlame whose Altitude is no less than the Altitude of that Belgick Bay which we have spoken of and sendeth a branch into the City of Leyden where it divaricateth into many Trenches Now seeing that neither this Lake nor that of the Belgick Sea do cause the inundation of the adjacent Lands it is thence manifest that they are not higher than the Lands of Holland But the Inhabitants of Leyden have experimentally found the German Ocean to be higher than these Lands when they undertook to make a Trench or Channel from this City to the Coasts of the German Ocean near the Town of the Catti it is the space of two miles that they might sail through this Channel the Sea
See and a famous Vniversity 7. Porto seated at the mouth of the Duero now called Portuport a Town of good Trade and affords an excellent strong Wine 8. Bragansa 9. Lamego 10. Guarda 11. Evora 11. Portalegre and 13. Leiria South of Portugal is ALGARVE which was united by the Marriage of Alphonso the Third of Portugal who had it in Dowry with his wife Beatrix Daughter to Alphonso the Fourth of Castile and Tenth of Leon. It s chief places are 1. Pharo a Port-Town towards the Streights of Gibraltar and Silvis anciently the Seat of its Kings within Land The utmost end 〈◊〉 this Country is called the Cape of St. Vincent because the Bones of St. Vincent which the Christians kept sacred were by the Saracens the then Masters of the Country burnt and scattered about the Earth This Kingdom of Portugal is much coveted by the King of Spain who esteems it the chiefest Pearl of his Cabinet and as the chiefest Flower in his Garland and which to regain he hath oft times waged War against them but to no purpose Kingdom of Andalousia ANDALOVSIA the most rich and fruitful Country in all Spain and well watered with Rivers It hath on the East and South Granada and the Sea and adding the Country of Estremadura it reacheth Northwards to the Castiles The chief Places are Sevilla or Sevil the most beautiful of all this Continent It is in compass six Miles and environed with stately Walls and adorned with no less magnificent Buildings as Palaces Churches and Monasteries It is severed in two parts by the River Boetis which are joyned together by a stately Bridge From this place the Spaniards set forth their West-India Fleet and do hither return to unlade and the Trade of this City is of that greatness that some have dared to say that the Customs are worth to the King of Spain the yearly Revenue of about half a Million of Gold and indeed this City and Lisbon in Portugal may be said to be the chief Cities for Trade in this Continent this for the West-Indies and Lisbon for the East It is dignified with a flourishing Vniversity and the See of an Archbishop whose Revenue is said to be 100000 Crowns yearly and is esteemed the next to him of Toledo In this City are said to be kept 30000 Genets for the service of the King of Spain which are ready upon all occasions And here resteth the body of Christopher Columbus famous for his Navigations and discoveries of the New World 2. Cordova once the Royal Seat of the Moorish Kings from hence cometh that excellent Cordovant-Leather Not far from this City was fought that famous Battle between Coesar and the Sons of Pompey where Caesar gained the day and made an end of the Civil Wars 3. Marchena famous for its Genets 4. Medina Sidonia whose Duke was General of the Invincible Armado in Anno 1588. 5. Xeres de la Fontera a Sea-port Town from whence comes our Sherry Sack and 6. Cadiz seated in an Isle below Sevil a Colony of the Carthagenians Country of Estremadura ESTREMADVRA Whis is part of Andalousia hath for its Chief places 1. Merida built and made a Colony by Augustus and 2. Guadalcanal famous for its Mines of Silver Kingdom of Granada GRANADA bounded on the South with the Mediterranean Sea It s Chief places are Granada a stately City where is yet to be seen the Palace of the Moorish Kings indented with Mosaical work and guilt its Buildings are of Freestone fenced about with a strong Wall on which are 130 Turrets It is an Inland Town yet famous for being the residence of the Parliament and Court of Justice for all the Southern parts of Spain as Valadolid is for the North. 2. Malaga a famous Sea-port Town seated on the Mediterranean abounding in Raisins and a rich Wine called Malaga Sack 3. Almeria seated on the Sea-shoar This Country was the last that the Moors were expelled out of which may be attributed to its barrenness and being so Mountainous Kingdom of Murcia MVRCIA bounded on the East with the Mediterranean Sea a fertile Country and well stored with Fruits It s Chief places are 1. Alicant seated on the Mediterranean where it enjoyeth a commodious road for Shipping is a place well frequented enjoyeth a good Trade and affordeth for Merchandize great quantities of excellent Wines and several good Commodities 2. Cartagena seated also on the Mediterranean Sea built by Asdrubal of Carthage at present one of the most famous Havens in Spain and 3. Murcia which takes its name from the Country a City of good account Kingdom of Navarre ARRAGON divided in the midst by the River Iberus the Chief places are 1. Caragosa or Saragoz seated on the Iberus or Ebro anciently called Caesar Augustus by whom it was first founded It is a famous Vniversity and once the Seat of the Moorish Kings 1. Lerida seated on the River Cinga which hath its Spring-head in the Pyrenaean Hills it is an Vniversity 3. Huesca also an Vniversity 4. Mosons which gives entertainment to the King of Spain every third year at which time the People of Arragon Valentia and Catalonia make the King a Present of 600000 Crowns and this is all the Taxes or Moneys they pay to the King for three years 5. Jacca 6. Borio 7. Galajud and 8. Daroca Kingdom of Catalonia CATALONIA near the Pyrenaean Mountains on the North It s chief places are 1. Barcelona seated on the Mediterranean shoar a place of good strength and Antiquity being built out of the ruins of Rubicata an old Colony of the Africans and now dignified with the Seat of the Vicegerent 2. Girona seated on the River Baetulus the ancient Seat of the Arragon Princes Kingdom of Valence VALENCE or VALENCIA encompassed with Murcia Castile Arragon and the Sea It s chief places are 1. Valencia scituate near the mouth of the River Guadalangar and about two miles from the Sea where there is an open but ill commodious road for Ships called la Greno yet as being the chief City in the Country enjoyeth a good Trade Here is an University in which St. Dominic the Institutor of the Dominican Order studied 2. Morvedre 3. Segobre and 4. Zativa The BALEARE ISLES The Islands of the Baleares or Kingdom of Majorca comprehend that of Majorca and Minorca both seated in the Mediterranean Sea Island of Majorca MAJORCA about sixty miles from Spain It is about 300 miles in circuit and hath for its chief places Majorca where there is a University and Palomera which gave birth to Raymundus Lullius Isle of Minorca MINORCA distant from Majorca nine miles and is about half the extent of Majorca It s chief place is Citadelli and its chief Port Mahon which is very large and commodious These Isles are indifferent fertil in Corn Wine and Oil which are three good Commodities Nigh to these Isles are two other small ones Isle of Yvisa YVISA or
the Danube Northward about 2000 which large extent was the cause of its ruine and declension The Ancient Romans The Ancient Romans were a gallant People of a sound Judgment and a ready Wit well skilled in Arts and Sciences very covetous of glory of great Valour as by their subduing the chief part of the World who contrary to the custom of Invaders to sack and ruine Countries they taught the People Manners Literature c. The Romans were the first that wore the Purple Robe and the beginners of Triumphs they had excellent and stately Theaters and it was hold no disreputation to be an Actor It s fertility and Commodities This Country is so exceedingly furnished with whatsoever may be found useful for Man and the Soil so rich and fer tile in Grains Fruits Rice c. in some places having threo Harvests in one year that it is esteemed the Garden of the World The chief Commodities for Merchandize that this Country yieldeth are Silks both raw and wrought into several fabricks as Sattins Taffities Plushes Velvets Cloth of Gold and Silver Damasks Grograms Rashes Fustians Glasses Alom Armour excellent Wines Oils Saffron Anni seeds Argal Brinistone several Metals Olives Almonds Galls Kids-skins Lute strings Quicksilver Aloes Gold Thread Anchoves several Drugs c. The People of Italy The Italians are very ingenious respective and grave exceeding malicious if affronted much addicted to Women which are here allowed the liberty to make use of their own They are generally very jealous of their Wives so that they are denied the liberty of the Streets or the common view or society of men The Women are generally handsom witty and of a seeming modest behaviour it is observed of them that they are Saints in the Church Angels in the Streets Magpies at the Door Syrens in the Windows and Goats in the Gardens Their Language is very eloquent It s chief parts Italy may be considered in three principal Parts viz. Lombardy Italy particularly so called and Naples to which for a fourth may be added the neighbouring Isles in which said parts are divers Estates and Dukedoms all which are at large set down in the Geographical Tables and of these parts in order LOMBARDY Parts of Lombardy Lombardy is divided into the Higher and Lower in the Higher are the Estates of Piedmont which belongs to the Duke of Savoy of Millan which belongs to the Catholick King of the Commonwealth of Genes or Genoa and of Montferrat which belongs to the Duke of Mantoua yet the Duke of Savoy hath some part thereof And in the Lower Lombardy are the Estates of Venice of Mantoua Parma and Modena which have their Dukes and of Trent which hath its Bishop And in the one and the other Lombardy are several small Estates amongst which is that of Mirandola The Estates of PIEDMONT washed by the Mediterranean Sea is exceeding fertil though inferiour to other parts of Lombardy It is divided betwixt the Dukes of Savoy and Mantoua the River Tener separating their possessions It is very populous numbring about 160 walled Cities and Towns of which the chief is Turin Chief places which is the Palace and Court of the Duke of Savoy it is also dignified with the See of an Archbishop and an Vniversity where the famous Erasmus proceeded Dr. of Divinity 2. Aoste or Avost seated on the Northern limits of the Country 3. Verceili a Town of great strength bordering on Millan to which it did once belong 4. Saluzzo a Marquisate and Bishops See 5. Nizza or Nice a Sea-port Town and serveth for Turin and 6. Asti. And since we have before omitted it before we pass further let us repass the Alpes and speak of the Territories of this Duke on this side which is the Country of Savoy from whence he bears his Title Country of Savoy SAVOY adjoyning to Piedmont is a Country very Mountainous and full of narrow passages and consequently not very fertil It s chief City is Chambery or Cambreria the residence of the Duke when he is in these parts seated in a pleasant Valley amongst Mountains which are well stored with beautiful Houses belonging to the Gentry of these parts and next Turante which commands the passage into Italy It s other places of account are Thonon Cluse Beaufort Vgine Montiers Yenne Modane c. The Dutchy of MILLAN is rich in Natures gifts being seated in the best part of Lombardy affording great plenty of Grains Wines Oils and Silks and is said to have the best Rice in the World It hath for its chief places Chief places 1. Millan which notwithstanding its often spoils is said to be the greatest City of all Lombardy It is seated in a wide Plain wherein are no less pleasant than profitable Meadows and Rivers it is strongly fortified with a Wall and a spacious and almost impregnable Castle besides its Fortifications it is beautified with many splendid Ornaments the chief of which are its Vniversity its Hospital liberally endowed seated in an Isle almost two miles in compass and capable to give entertainment to about 4000 Sick persons Its Schools Nunneries and Churches which amount in all to 238 most of which are stately structures and beautified with curious Paintings Images of the Saints Sepulchres and several Religious Antiquities The whole City is about seven miles in circuit is exceeding populous very rich and of a great Commerce affording sundry good Commodities 2. Pavia seated on the River Tacinus honoured with a famous Vniversity of note for the Battel in which Francis the first of France was taken Prisoner by the Emperour Charles the Fifth who for his ransom was forced to release all his Title and interest to the Kingdom of Naples and this Dutchy of Millan 3. Cremona seated on the banks of the Poe first built in the beginning of the Punick War It is a place of good account hath a considerable Trade beautified with well built Houses with the conveniency of curious Gardens and hath large and well ordered Streets It is of most note for its high Tower and Cathedral Church where are to be seen many Relicks of Saints and curious Pictures 4. Como seated on a Lake so called which is about fifty miles in circuit on which the Citizens use to recreate themselves in Boats It is a City of good Antiquity and here it was that both the Plinys were born 5. Alexandria which from a poor Village through the often ruins of Millan is now become a fair strong and flourishing Town 6. Lodi 7. Tortona 8. Valenca and 9. Novara State of Genoua The State of GENES or GENOVA once very large but at present possesseth only Liguria in the Continent and the Isle of Corsica of which we shall speak in place more convenient The People are much addicted to Traffick and Vsury and here the Women are allowed the liberty of the Streets as also to accompany or discourse with Men which is forbidden them in other parts
to make it a perfect place of pleasure its Courts are fair and its Gardens spacious and delightful having therein excellent Fountains Groves Labyrinths and Walks besides a place where all sorts of wild Beasts are kept Besides this Palace here are several fair and superb Edifices being a place so extraordinary beautiful that Charles the Arch-Duke used to say It was fit to be seen only on Holy days Here are 44 Parish Churches about 50 Nunneries 14 Fryeries 12 Priorates and about 30 Hospitals This City was built by Sylla that bloody Dictator and was made a Colony by the Triumviri It was razed by the Lombards re-edified by Charles the Great bought its Liberty of Rodolphus and now continues subject to the Medices Dukes of Florence This City enjoys a great Trade by reason of the Priviledges and kind entertainment which they find all sorts of Merchandize being here landed free from all Imposts Duties and Customs an advantage not found in many places 2. Pisa seated at the entrance of the River Arno into the Sea It was once a very large City and had great Territories Corsica Sardinia and Baleares having been under its subjection being very rich and powerful both by Land and Sea but the many shocks of Ill-fortune have reduced it within one half of its Ancient limits yet it s many good Buildings shew its ancient splendor 3. Sienna in Sanase built by Brennus the Gaul an Inland-City seated in a large pleasant and fertil Territory adorned with beautiful Buildings both publick and private 4. Pistoya a City though small yet rich and well built famous for its beginning that bloody faction of the Neri and Bianchi as of the Guelfes and Ghibillines And 5. Ligorne seated at the mouth of the Arno a fair and beautiful City being accounted the strongest and one of the principal Towns of Trade in the Mediterranean Seas This City not many years past was purchased by the Florentines of the Genois for 120000 Duckets before which it was a place of no great note nor beauty being a reception for Thieves Murtherers Pirates and all sorts of Religions or rather Irreligious people but now it is well inhabited and resorted unto by Merchants abounding in several rich Commodities Common-wealth of Lucque c. The Commonwealth of LVCQVE the Signiory of PIOMBINE the Isle of ELBE and the Principality of MASSA make up the rest of Toscany This last is but small in circuit but yeilds abundance of white Marble and is beautified with the Cities of Massa and Carrara the last oftner the residence of the Prince the former strengthned with a stately Castle both beautified with excellent Marble Statues LVCQVE comprehends the Territory and Town of Lucca which is seated on the River Serchius in a Plain about three miles in circuit a place of good beauty being replenished with many fair Edifices and stately Churches amongst which that of St. Martin is the chief and the Walls are so adorned with Trees that at a distance it seems a City in a Wood. It is of note for being the meeting place of Pompey Caefar and Crassus all three famous Commanders where they consulted and joyned into a Confederacy for the enlarging their Possessions and gaining more honour Isle of Elbe Next the Isle of ELBE seated nigh the shoar and opposite to the Isle of Corsica It s chief places are 1. Cosmopoli and 2. Porto Longone And opposite to this Isle on the Toscane shoar is the small Signiory of PIOMBINE Kingdom of NAPLES Kingdom of Naples The third and last part of Italy in general we have comprehended under the Kingdom of NAPLES which by some have been divided into 6 parts viz. Terra di Lavoro Calabria Superiour and Inferiour Abruzzo Pugia or Capitanata and Terra di Otranto It is enclosed on all parts with the Sea except towards the Lands of the Church it is every where very fertil and by some accounted the richest in all Italy abounding in excellent Wines Silks both raw and wrought into many Fabricks in Oils Saffron Almonds Anniseeds Argal Brimstone Mines of several Metals c. It is well water'd with Rivers and fresh Streams affords plenty of Cattel Fowls and Grains and is throughout replenished with fair pleasant and beautiful Cities and Towns Its parts are 1. TERRA DI LAVORO in which part is seated Naples the Metropolitan City in this Kingdom and one of the fairest of Europe calied by the Italians Napoli la Gentile as being inhabited by so many Nobles and Gentlemen It is seated on the Mediterranean shoar amongst pleasant Hills and fruitful Fields a City of great antiquity being said to be built by Hercules it is about 7 miles in compass fortified with 4 strong Castles a strong Wall with Towrs Ditches c. so that it is in a manner impregnable it is beautified with many superb Structures and magnificent Churches Monasteries Colledges Courts and Palaces of Princes and Nobles adjoyning to pleasant and delightful Gardens its Port and Haven is commodious and good where are kept store of Gallies This place of late years hath been famous for its strange Rebellion under Massanello a poor Fisher-man here is an Hospital endowed with 60000 Crowns yearly for the maintenance of the sick maimed and impotent People The second City is Cajeta commodiously seated on the Sea-shoar a place of good strength 3. Potzol a fair and beautiful City seated on the Sea-shoar enjoying a commodious Port. 4. Capua seated on the Banks of the River Vulternus a place of great antiquity and once very beautiful 5. Nola where Hannibal received an overthrow by Marcellus and 6. Euma once a fair and beautiful City but now nothing but a heap of Ruins nigh to which is the Lake Avernus much famous amongst the Poets whose unwholsom sulphureous stink so infecteth the Air that Birds flying over it lose their lives and hereabouts according to fiction the Poets descend into Hell and here Aeneas went down into Hell to talk with his Father Part of Calabria Superiour 2. CALABRIA Superiour hath for its chief places 1. Tarentum built by the Lacedemonians and is the Birth-place of Architas the Philosopher 2. Cotrone whose Inhabitants were noted for their activity in the Olympick Games 3. Sybaris built and peopled by the Grecians after the destruction of Troy 4. Amycle formerly peopled by the Pythagoreans and 5. Cosenza a fair City being the chief of these parts Part of Calabria Inferiour 3. CALABRIA Inferiour whose chief parts are 1. Peste or Pessidonia where Roses grow thrice a year 2. Regio Rhezo or Rhegium so called because that here it is thought that Sicily was by the Sea broken from Italy 3. Salernum famous for the study of Physick and 4. Nicotera seated on the Sea-shoar Part of Abruzzo 4. ABRVZZO hath for its chief places 1. Aquila seated near the Appennine 2. Aquino the Birth-place of that famous School Divine Thomas Aquinas 3. Sulmona the Birth-place of Ovid the famous Poet. 4. Benevento
once called Maleventâ—m and 5. Molise which some esteem to be the chief of the County Part of Pugia 5. PVGIA whose chief places are 1. Manfredonia dignified with the Seat of an Archbishop 2. Cannae famous for the signal Victory gained by Hannibal against the Roman Consuls and the Romans of whom were slain about 42700 3. Barletta a strong Fortress 4. Venusia the Birth-place of Horace 5. Arpinum the Birth-place of Tully and 6. Mont St. Angelo a fair City not far from Manfredonia Part of Terra di Otranto 6. TERRA DI OTRANTO hath for its chief places 1. Otranto the taking of which by Mahomet the Great put all Italy into such a fright that Rome was almost left without Inhabitants and was not fully inhabited until the expulsion of the Turks the next year 2. Brundusium boasting in its Haven which is esteemed not inferiour to any in Christendom 3 Gallipoli a place of some Traffick affording abundance of Oyls and Cattle 4. Leccie 5. Tarantum and 6. Brindici all places of good account In this Kingdom are 20 Archbishops 127 Bishops 13 Princes 24 Dukes 25 Marquesses and 90 Earls But let us proceed to the Italian Isles and first with Sicily The ITALIAN ISLES SICILY Island of Sicily The Island of SICILY is the greatest neighbouring Isle to Italy from which it is divided by a small Channel running between Messina and Regio now called the Phare of Messina and higher in this passage were the Scylla and Charybdis of the Ancients This Isle was once called Trinacria from its being Triangular and abating 3 Promontories at each corner into the Sea to wit Cape de Faro regarding Italy Cape Passaro regarding Morea and Capâ— Boij or Cape Coco facing the Promontory Mercurio of Africa This Isle is termed the Queen of the Mediterranean Isles not only for its greatness being in compass about 700 miles but for her other excellencies and admirable fertility yielding all things necessary for the use of man it chiefly abounds in Wines Oyls Sugars Honey Wax Salt Saffron Minerals Alom Agats Coral Emeralds and Silk in great plenty both raw and wrought and such abundance of all sorts of Grains that it was called the Granary of the Roman Empire and is now found to furnish Malta the adjacent Isles Spain and some part of Italy with her superâ—â—ities Here are many Baths of different natures which are found good for several Infirmities The chief Hills in this Isle are Mount Hybla famous for its Bees and Honey and Mount Aetna for its sending forth flames of fire which in the year 1669 made such an eruption that it destroyed divers Towns and for its height whose top is exalted ten miles above its Basis and is a good Land-mark to Saylers This Island was first inhabited by a race of huge Giants much spoken of by Homer who called them the Lestrigones and the Cyclopes of which last was Polyphemus so famoused for the entertainment of Vlysses and his Fellows This Isle is divided into 3 Provinces or Valleys Its Parts and chief Places 1. VALLI DE NOTO which is the South-east part hath for its chief places 1. Siracusa once the Metropolis of the whole Isle strongly fenced about with a Wall and other Fortifications being a Garrison of Spaniards Its Buildings are fair and shew something of its Antiquity it hath two Havens one towards the South and the other towards the North-sides of the City 2. Leontium seated Northwards of Siracusa with which it had divers times struglings for Priority And 3. Enna a Midland Town or City 2. VALLI DE MAZORA containeth all the West part of the Isle its chief places are 1. Moreal or Montreal famous for its Archbishops See and Church 2. Girgenti the Seat of the Tyrant Phalaris who afflicted Perillus in the Brazen Bull and 3. Palermo once a Colony of the Phoenicians and now the chief City in the Isle being the Seat of the Spanish Viceroy It is beautified with magnificent Palaces and Temples curious Buildings and fair Streets famous for being the Birth-place of so many brave Men as was Siracusa 3. VALLI DE DEMONA possessing the North-east part of the Isle and boasteth of its chief Town Messina seated opposite to Rhegium in Naples a place of great strength as well by Nature as Art haying before it the Sea where they have a no less famous and commodious than a strong Haven and behind it are high Hills It is the See of an Archbishop beautified with fair and stately Edifices and here the Vice-Roy hath a magnificent Palace adjoyning to the Arsenal where their Gallies c. are kept and here Venus Neptune Castor and Pollux had their Temples from whose ruins are now erected Christian Churches The Gentry and Citizens here live in great delight and pleasure this City is the chiefest place of Traffick in the Isle being very well frequented by Merchants and Strangers It s other places are Malaso seated on the North Promontory then Erix where Venus was worshipped next Catania where there is a Colledge for the studying the Sciences but chiefly for the Civil and Canon Laws and lastly Nicosia a Midland Town SARDINIA Isle of Sardinia The Island of SARDINIA or SARDAGNE is seated not far from Sicily it is in length about 150 miles and 90 in breadth not so fertil as Sicily yet it abounds in Corn and Cattle but is deficient in Oil and other Commodities It is now subject to the Spaniard and is divided into two parts viz. Cape Logodori and Cape Cagliari It s chief places are 1. Cagliari seated opposite to Africa having a commodious Haven which makes it to be well frequented by Merchants The City is adorned with goodly Buildings fair Temples and magnificent Turrets being the Seat of the Spanish Vice-Roy as also the See of an Archbishop 2. Bosa likewise the See of an Archbishop 3. Oristagni and 4. Sassary both places of good account It s People are of a mean Stature are very great Hunters great Pains-takers no lovers of the Spaniards not much addicted to Learning and in matters of Religion not over strict CORSICA Isle of Corsica The Isle of CORSICA seated in the Ligurian Sea opposite to Genoa is about 100 miles in length and 50 in breadth the Soil by reason of the Mountains is not very fertil in Grain but aboundeth in excellent Wines it yieldeth likewise Oils Figs Raisons Hony Wax Alom Box-wood and Iron-Mines its Dogs and Horses are esteemed excellent The chief places are 1. Bastia seated on the North-east part hath a commodious Haven and strong Garrison dignified with the residence of the Genouese Governour under whose command the Island is 2. Mariana 3. Galvi 4. Porto-Vechio 5. Adiazzo and 6. Bonifacio The People are for the most part poor head-strong churlish and not addicted to Literature The Vulcanian Isles Besides this Island there are abundance of others though of no great account and far lesser as the VVLCANIAN Isles lying on the Coast
Division of Turkey This part of the Estate of the Turks which we call TVRKEY in EVROPE may be divided into two principal Regions viz. Sclavonia or Esclavonia and Greece ESC LAVONIA which shall be along the Danube from Germany unto the Black Sea and is bounded on one side with the Danube and on the other with the Mountain Marinai and under the name of Esclavonia may be understood Hungaria especially so much as the Turk is Master of the particular Esclavonia with the Provinces of Croacia Esclavia and Dalmatia of which parts the Grand Signior holds but one part then the Kingdom of Dacia The other Region which I call GREECE shall reach from the Mountain Marinai a great way into the Mediterranean Sea and advancing towards the South in which are several Provinces which we shall treat of HVNGARIA Kingdom of Hungaria described The Kingdom of HVNGARIA taken entirely is bounded on the East with Transilvania and Walachia on the South with Sclavonia on the West with Austria and on the North with Poland It is part possessed by the Christians and in part by the Turks It s fertility This Kingdom is of an exceeding fertil Soyl yielding Corn thrice a year and feeding such abundance of Cattle that it supplied Germany Sclavonia and other adjacent parts with about 100000 Oxen yearly they have Deer Pullain Phesants Partridges and all sorts of Fowl in such plenty that they are free for any one that will take them and their Rivers are found to afford excellent Fish It also aboundeth in several good Commodities as Hides Its Commodities Butter Cheese Copper Hony Wax Fish c. Its Inhabitants The People are of a rude behaviour not addicting themselves to Literature nor Mechanical Trades They use the Scythian Language they are well proportionate strong and very valiant The Females are denied the Estates of their Parents neither have they any thing in Marriage and until Men and Women are marryed they are not allowed the use of Beds to lye upon It s division This Kingdom now stands divided between the Grand Signior and the Hungarians The Turks have here four Beglerbies to wit of Buda of Canisa of Agrica and of Temiswar the chief Cities which they possess are Buda seated on the Danube once the Metropolis of the Kingdom and Royal Seat of the Kings of Hungaria it was taken by Solyman in 1536. Next Guyula a strong Town on the Confines of Transilvania which was betrayed by the Governour to Solyman in hopes of a great Reward which proved insuccessful unto him to the loss of his life then Alba Regalis which by the Germans is called Wisenburgh also Quinque Ecclesiae taken in the same year with Alba Regalis And these are the strong places and of good account with them The chief places in the Emperours or Hungarians possessions are Presburg seated on the edge of Austria and since the Turks became Masters of Buda this hath been the Metropolis of Hungaria next Strigonium or Gran once taken by the Turks but regained also Zegith taken by Solyman the Magnificent in Anno 1566 who there ended his days then Newhausel which hath several times withstood the fury of the Turks The other Towns in the Hungarians possession were if not are Komara in the Isle of Schut then Bars Novigrad Vizzegrad Papa Sarwar and Owar The chief Order of Knighthood in this Kingdom is that of the Dragon instituted by Sigismund King of Hungaria and Emperour ESCLAVONIA Bounds of Esclavonia ESCLAVONIA hath for its Eastern bounds the River Drinus and a line drawn thence to the Sea for its Southern bounds the Adriatick Sea for its Western part of Italy and for its Northern Hungaria The whole length of this Country is about 480 miles and its breadth about 120 it is scituate under the 6th and 7th Climats the longest day making 15 hours and a half It s division This Country is divided into the Provinces of Croacia Dalmatia and the particular Esclavonia and are partly possessed by the Venetians and partly by the Turks It s fertility The Country is observed to be more fit for grazing and feeding of Cattle than for Tillage for the Sheep and other Cattle bring forth their young twice a year and their Sheep are shorn four times a year likewise their chief Commodities are Horses for Service Cattle which yields them abundance of Hides Tallow Butter Cheese and Wool of which they make Cloth Here are also some Mines of Gold and Silver which are in the Turks possession In Esclavonia the chief places in the Turks possession are Posega a place of good account and Barra and in the Venetians possession is Copranitz a fair strong and good City Province of Croacia The Province of CROACIA is in a manner wholly possessed by the Venetians the Turks only possessing the strong Town of Withitz the chief places possessed by the Venetians are 1. Sisseg or Sissaken famous for its resisting the Turks in 1592 a fair and strong City 2. Gardiskia seated on the Savus 3. Novigrod also seated on the Savus and 4. Bruman Province of Dalmatia The Province of DALMATIA whose Southern parts are washed with the Adriatick Sea is divided betwixt the Venetians who hold the greatest part and the Turks whose chief places are 1. Marenza seated on the Sea-shoar 2. Mostar an Inland Town towards Bosnia 3. Stagno and 4. Sibioncello both Maritim Towns and nigh unto which is the Isle of MELEDA which also belongs to the Grand Signior The chief Towns in the possession of the Venetians are 1. Rhagusa seated on the Adriatick Sea a City of great Traffick and Riches being a Commonwealth of it self 2. Spalato a Maritim Town on the Adriatick and in a most pleasant Valley on the South side of great Mountains and in the Wall towards the Sea is to be seen a great remainder of a Gallery in Dioclesians Palace This Town is kept by the Venetians as their only Emporium plyed successively with two Gallies which carry between this place and Venice such Merchandize as are Transported into Turkey or from thence brought in 3. Zara a strong Fortress feated on the Adriatick within the Gulph which by reason of its commodions scituation is most apt to command the whole Adriatick and is strongly fortified and well Mann'd In this City is a Temple of St. John di Malvatia which was built by a company of Sea-men who being in a great and dangerous Tempest made a Vow that if they escaped they would consecrate a Temple to the said St. John and being saved they Landed here and performed their Vows 4. Sebenico seated on the Sea-shoar having large Territories 5. Nona and 6. Traw DACIA Its Bounds The Kingdom of DACIA is bounded on the East with the Euxine Seas on the West with Hungaria and on the North with the Carpathian Mountains The Country throughout is very fertil affording for Merchandize Oxen Butter Cheese Tallow Hides Hony
Anthony and Augustus on the other The chief places in this Province are 1. Armiro now the Seat of a Turkish Sangiac 2. Larissa seated on a fair River which at a small distance falls into the Gulph of Salonichi 3. Tricca and Pharsalis Province of Epire. The Province of EPIRE now called CANINA is very Mountainous hath for its chief places possessed by the Turks Praveza and Lartâ— both Sea-Towns and the chief places in the Venetians possessions are Torre de Butrinto and Perga both Sea-Towns and places of good account opposite and nigh to which is the Isle of Corfou Mount Pindus In this Province is Mount Pindus sacred to Apollo and the Muses and here are also the Acroceraunean Hills so called for their being so subject to Thunder-claps Province of Achaia The Province of ACHAIA now called LIVADIA washed on the East with the Aegean Sea it is divided into these parts viz. Aetolia Attica Baeotia Locris Megaris Doris and Phocis in which parts are several good Cities and Towns amongst which are 1. Athens now Sitines more famous for its Antiquity than any thing else being now scarce any other than a Fishers Town but formerly a large rich and stately City the Nursery of Learning and a place from whence all Arts and Sciences spread themselves all over Aeurope 2. Thebes now Stives seated on the River Gephisus famous for the Wars here made between Polynices and Eteocles Sons to Prince Oedipus it was sack'd by the Macedons after which it was re-edified by Cassander but of no account nor beauty to what it was formerly Next to this City are the Streights not above 25 foot broad 3. Lepanto chief of Aetolia seated in the bottom of a Gulph so called and where Augustus and Anthony sought for the Empire of the World and where more lately was that signal Battle between the confederate Christians and the Turks This City enjoyeth a good Trade and affordeth several good Commodities as Silk Oils Cottons Galls Anniseeds Wax Hony Currans Wines c. 4. Marathon of note for the Victory of Miltiades gained against the powerful Army of Darius which consisted of 100000 Foot and 10000 Horse 5. Megara where Euclid taught Geometry 6. Platea nigh to which was fought an exceeding great Battle between the Grecians and the Persians 7. Delphos famous for the Temple of Apollo which was destroyed by the Phocians who took from it 60 Tuns of Gold 8. Sparta formerly of great Account and 9. Micenae famous for the Temple of Juno as also for the habitation of Agamemnor Nigh to this City was the Lake of Lerno where Hercules slew the Lernian Seven-headed Hydra In this Province is the famous Temple of Aesculapius where is also the Mount Helicon and Parnassus much famoused by the Poets and here are also those pleasant Arcadian Plains and the places where the Olympian Games were solemnized with several other memorable places of Antiquity Peloponnesus or the Morea PELOPONNESVS now called MOREA is a Peninsula bounded with the Sea except where it joyneth to Achaia by an Isthmus of about six miles in breadth the whole Peninsula is about 600 miles in compass and contained once many flourishing Provinces as ARCADIA ARGORIS ACHAIA PROPRIA ELIS LACONIA and MESSENIA but at present it is one sole Turkish Province The People were accounted the chief of all the Grecians and gave Rules to the rest as subordinate unto them The chief places are 1. Corinte seated at the foot of the Acrocorinthian Hills hard by the Fountain Pyrene a small Town and of little note to what it was being out of the ruins of the ancient and famous Corinth which was a place of great strength and power 2. Misistra once of good account 3. Thalana nigh unto which is Mount Tenarus from whence Hercules drew Cerbenus as also the Lake Lerna where the said Hercules slew the Monster Hydra 4. Selassia where Antigonus vanquished Clâ—omenus 5. Nemaea where Hercules slew the Lions 6. Olympia very famous for the Statue of Jupiter Olympicus which was 60 Cubits high and of a proportionate thickness being made of Gold and Ivory and in honour to this Jupiter were the Olympick Games instituted by Hercules and performed on the Plains of this City 7. Megalopolis the Birth-place of that eminent Historian Polybius 8. Mantinea nigh unto which the Theban Army which consisted of 30000 Foot and 3000 Horse routed the Army of the Athenians and Spartans which consisted of 2000 Horse and 25000 Foot where that gallant Leader Epaminondas received his deaths wound 9. Lacedemon 10. Argos 11. Thebes now ruinated but the chief places for Traffick now remaining arâ— 12. Modon 13. Petras and 14. Coron all three Cities seated on the Sea-shoar subject to the same Customs and found to afford divers good Commodities the product of Turkey The ISLES seated in the GRECIAN or AEGEAN IONIAN and ADRIATICK Seas IN these Seas there are several Isles many of which are of good note and well frequented by Merchants most of which are in part if not altogether in the possession of the Grand Signior yet the Venetians are not quite expunged But the Turk hath divided all or most of them into eight Beglerbyats and 60 and odd Sangiacats that is into general and particular Governments The AEGEAN or GRECIAN ISLES Isle of Negroponte The chief of the Aegean Isles are 1. NEGROPONTE in the power of the Turks in circuit 365 miles It s chief places are 1. Negroponte seated in a Gulph so called 2. Caristo and Dion a Sea-port Town Isle of Stalimene 2. STALIMENE of old LEMNOS about 100 miles in circuit well peopled by Grecians except three Towns which the Turks keep strongly fortified to keep them in awe It s chief Town is Lemnos or Mirina but of no great note Here is a Sovereign Mineral against infection called Terra Sigillata the Earth thereof is made into small Pellets and sealed with the Turks Stamp and so dispersed and sold to Merchants for an excellent Antidote Isles of Sporades and Cyclades 3. The SPORADES and CYCLADES are a great body of several small Isles dispersed about this Sea or Archipelago and lie so thick that they oft-times become dangerous to Sea-men especially in Storms The chief of these Isles are 1. Milo so called for its abounding in Hony it is about 60 miles in compass very fertil and affordeth store of Grain and Oil but no Wine its chief place is so called 2. Tira 3. Tiresio 4. Nio 5. Stapalia about 50 miles in circuit whose chief place is so called 6. Morgo 7. Nicsia about 75 miles in compass 8. Livila 9. Zinara 10. Raclia 11. Siphano 12. Micone 13. Teno 14. Helena 15. Engia in a Gulph so called all small Isles 16. Fermenia about 60 miles in circuit 17. Zea about 50 miles in compass 18. Andri about 80 miles in compass not far from Negroponte and is found to afford the same Commodities its chief place bears the same name 19. Coos more
towards Asia minor whose chief Town is so called and is inhabited by Turks but the rest by Grecians In this Isle was born Apelles that famous Painter as also Hippocrates that revived Physick when it was lost and here Aesculapius had his Temples and Altars where he was worshipped 20. Delos famous for the Temple of Apollo as also for a Custom here used not to permit the birth of Children nor dying of People being sent to Rhena an Isle not far distant 21. Namfio 22. Policandro 23. Pira 24. Chiero 25. Pergolo 26. Serphino 27. Pario 28. Sirna and 29. Sidrille all small Isles of little note Isle of Candia 4. CANDIA or CRETA now in the Turks possession an Isle seated in the Mouth of the Aegean Sea in compass about 590 miles of a fertil Soil and affordeth to Merchants several good Commodities but Corn is not over plentiful which defect is supplied from Peloponnesus It is very populous and hath many good Towns the chief of which are 1. Candia the Bulwark of Christendom till lately gained from the Venetians in which Siege it was ruinated being before a good City 2. Suda a Maritim Town enjoying a commodious Haven which by the Turks is well fortified and defended by two Castles 3. Canea and 4. Sittia In this Isle lived Strabo that famous Cosmographer Isle of Samothracia 5. SAMOTHRACIA a small Isle of note for being the Birth-place of Samo one of the Sybils and Pythagoras that Divine Philosopher Isle of Sciro Schiati c. 6. In the Aegean Isles or Archipelago are these Isles 1. SCIRO Northwards of Negroponte from which it is not far distant 2. SCHIATI 3. PELAGMISI towards the Gulph of Salonichi 4. TASSO a small Isle seated in the entrance of the Gulph of Contessa in Macedonia and 6. LENIBRO also a small Isle not far from Lemnos The IONIAN ISLES Isle of Zante The principal of the IONIAN Isles are 1. ZANTE about 50 miles in circuit and about 7 Leagues from Peloponnesus under the obedience of the Venetians it is wonderful fruitful in Oils and Wines but especially in Currants The chief City bears the name of the Isle a place not very large nor beautiful but fortified with a strong Castle which commandeth not only the Town and Harbour but a good part round about it The Isle is much troubled with Earthquakes in regard of which they build their Houses very low Isle of Zephalonia 2. ZEPHALONIA about 120 miles in compass of a fertil Soil and affords the same Commodities as Zante but the Currants are smaller and not so good It s chief place bears the name of the Isle 2. Augustali 3. Guiscardo and 4. Nollo Isle of Corfu 3. CORFV about 50 miles in length and 24 in breadth seated 12 miles from Epirus and very convenient for the Venetians who are the Masters of it being in the Center of their Maritim Territories It is fruitful in Oil Hony Wax and some other Commodities its chief City is so called and is now reputed to be one of the Bulwarks of Christendom and the Key of the Venetian State being held impregnable oft-times having resisted the fury of the Turks It is seated at the foot of a Mountain on the Summit of which are built two strong Castles seated on high Rocks which are as strongly fortified the other place of note are Castello St. Angelo and Pagiopoli Isle of Cerigo 4. CERIGO 60 miles in compass about five miles from Cape Malo in the Morea It is defended by Rocks which in themselves are inaccessible out of which the Inhabitants take abundance of Marble it hath many Havens but none commodious for Shipping It s chief Town bears the same name where was formerly a Temple dedicated to Venus out of which Helena the wife of Menelaus was ravished and stoln by Paris Isle of St. Maura 5. SAINT MAVRA where stood a Temple dedicated to Apollo where Mad-brain'd and unfortunate Lovers were cured of their phrenzies by casting themselves head-long into the Sea It s chief place bears the name of the Isle and is inhabited by Jews that were driven out of Spain and this of all the Ionian Isles is under the Turks obedience Isles of Strivalis 6. STRIVALIS seated opposite to Messina two small Isles of no great account inhabited by some few Greek Colonies or Fryars who never go out of the Isles neither do they permit Women amongst them but as they die have a new supply they live by their labour their diet is on Herbs Roots Oil Olives and the like Flesh they are denied but may eat Fish sometimes Isle of Val de Campara 7. VAL DE CAMPARA about 56 miles in compass Northwards of Zephalonia famous for the Birth place of Vlysses This Isle affordeth those Commodities that are found in Zant and the Currants are the best and fairest but in less quantities The ADRIATICK ISLES The Adriatick Isles The Adriatick Sea is in length 700 miles and about 140 in breadth the Venetians are Masters of them to whom the Duke is espoused every Ascension day by casting in of a Ring a Ceremony performed with great state Isles of Zara Vegea c. The Islands seated in this Sea are not many and those that be are neither great nor famous the chief of which are ZARA a small Isle but the chiefest for Traffick having divers good Harbours It is fruitful in Wines Grains Cattle and some Oils 2. VEGEA fertil in Wine and Pulse about 10 Leagues in compass 3. LESINA about 50 Leagues in compass being the largest of all the Adriatick Isles very fertil throughout its chief Town being so called a place though unwalled yet of good strength by reason of its strong Fortress 4. CHERSO well stored with Cattle 5. CVRZOLO a fair fruitful and populous Isle whose chief place is so called 6. GRISSA about 100 miles in circuit an Isle rich in Salt-pits 7. ABSIRTIDES 8. LISSA 9. ARBE and 10. BRAZZIA with some others of no great note The chief Rivers in Turkey in Europe are the Drin the Alsea the Penea the Wardar the Mariza and the Don or Danube which of all others is the strongest and most considerable the others being for the most part only famous in Antiquity The Kingdom of FRANCE with its Estates and Provinces as they are divided into twelve General Governments or 3 times 4 according to their scituation to wit Four on this side the LOIRE whose Provinces Parts and chief places are PICARDY Higher as True Picardy Amiens St. Quintin Vermandois Lower as Ponthieu Abbeville Calais Boulenois Vexin Roven or Roaâ— NORMANDY Higher as Caux Havre de Grace Normandy Lifieux Lower as Auge Caen Alenson Bessin Bayeux Coutantin Coutance The ISLE of FRANCE where are Isle of France Paris Beauvaisis Beauvais Valois Senlis Soissonnois Soissons Brie Meaux CHAMPAIGNE where are Remois Reims Champaigne Troyes Châ—â—loons Bassigny Langres Senonois Sen. Four upon and about the LOIRE whose Provinces Parts
FRANCE viz. In the Estates of the CATHO LICK KING to wit In SPAIN as The County of Rousillon where are Perpignan Elne Collioure Salces c. The County of Cerdagne Puy Cerda c. The Principality of Catalogne and County of Barcelone where are Barcelona Girona Vich Solsona Urgel Manressa Cardona Cadegues c. In the LOW COUNTRY as Part of the County of Flanders Gravelines Wasten Part of the County of Artois Arras Hesdin Bappaumes Part of the County of Haynaut Landrochy Part of the Dutchy of Luxenbourg Thionville Damvillers In the FRENCH COUNTY as Part of the Balliages of Gray Vesoul Lure c. Part of the Balliages of Salins Arbois Poligny Bletterans St. Amour Joux c. In divers Lands and Principalities the most part of which are esteemed in the Empire of GERMANY to wit In the Estate of LORRAIN as The Dutchy of Barrois Barle Duc Ligny St. Michael Pont a Moosson The Dutchy of Lorrain Nancy Mirecourt Newchasted on the Meuse Dieuze Sirke c. The Bishoprick of Metz Vic Moyen-Vic Marsal St. Avold Alberstrof Espernay About LORRAIN as The Principality of Sedan The Principality of Arches or Charleville Clermont Stenay Jametz The County of Biche In and about the PALATINATE of the RHINE as Part of the Palatinate of the Rhine Bacharach Creutznach Altzheim Oppenheim Neustat Landau Cermosheim c. Part of the Archbishoprick of Mayence Mayence Bingen c. Part of the Bishoprick of Wormes Wormes Part of the Bishoprick of Spire Spire Udenheim or Philipsbourâ— Part of the Estate of Bade Baden Durlach Pfortzheim c. In ALSACE or ALSATIA as Low Alsace Haguenau Saverne c. Higher Alsace Colmar Schlestat Brisach Newbourg c. County of Pfirt or Ferrette and Country of Sungou Ferrette Tannes Befo rt Blome Landseror c. About ALSACE as The County of Monbeliard c. The Bishoprick of Basle Porentru St. Uâ—sand Dalsperg or Delmont c. The County of Reinfield Reinfield Lanffenbourg Waldshout In the Dutchy of Wirtenberg Hohen-Wiel In Piedmont Pignerol c. In ITALY In the Estates of the Duke of SAVOY to wit In the Principality of Piedmont Turin Suze Avigliane Chivas Santja Ast Quierascq Coni Caours c. In the Marquisate of Saluces Carmagnole Demont In the Estates of MONFERRAT viz. In the Dukedom of Savoy Trin c. In the Dukedom of Mantoua Casal Aqui. On the River of GENES The Principality of Monaco or Morgues Rt. Worshipfull Sr. Iustinian 〈◊〉 of Lamport in Northamptoâ—shire Baronet 〈◊〉 Mapp is Humbly DD. by R. Blome GENERALL MAPP of the KINGDOM of FRANCE Designed by Monsieur Sanson Geographer to the French King FRANCE FRANCE is esteemed the most fertil and powerful Kingdom in Europe and the best next to England that can subsist without the help of others It is seated about the 45th degrees of Latitude It s Scituation which is in the midst of the Temperate Zone It is washed on the East with the Rhine together with an imaginary line drawn from Strasburgh to Calais on the South by the Mediterranean Seas and opens a passage to the Northern Ocean on the West by the Aquitain Sea and on the North by the British Ocean Its Bounds It extends it self from the 42 degrees of Latitude unto the 51 and from the 15th of Longitude to the 29th which makes its length and breadth to be above 200 French Leagues It is contiguous to the Low Countries on the North to Germany and Italy on the East and to Spain on the South It s Soil and Commodities It is of an extraordinary fertil Soil affording three excellent and useful Commodities in great plenty viz. Corn Wine and Salt also Oil Almonds Paper Canvass Linnen both fine and course Oade Corral Skins Nuts Stuffs and several Manufactures Toies and Curiosities It is very plentiful in all Provisions It s People It is exceeding populous and crouded with Towns and Cities once numbring 100000 Parishes which are now reduced to a less number The People are well proportionate and indifferent handsom especially the Men they are of a ready and Mercurial wit of a courteous Behaviour of a hot Brain and soon moved to Broils they are very active and given to Exercises in weighty Affairs both Civil and Martial they are not over subtle their first attempt being like thunder and their end like smoak In matters of Religion they generally follow the Church of Rome in which they are not over strict It would be too tedious to observe all the different Orders and Governments in this Kingdom we will content our selves to say that in the Assemblies of the General Estates where the Nobility Clergy and third Estate have their Seats it is divided into twelve several Government of which four are on this side or if you please Northwards of the Loire four upon and about the Loire and four beyond the South of the Loire The four on this side are Picardy Normandy the Isle of France and Champaigne the four about the Loire are Bretaigne Orleance or Orlenois Bourgogne or Burgundy and Lionois and the four beyond the Loire are Guienne and Gascoigne Languedoc Dauphin and Provence In each Government are several Parts or Countries which are taken notice of in the Geographical Tables of the Kingdom of which in order Goverment of Picardy PICARDY is divided into the Higher and Lower in both of which are divers good Towns in the Lower are 1. Calais called by Coesar Portus Iccius held by the English near 200 years and was then esteemed the Key of the Kingdom it is esteemed one of the best Ports in Picardy seated opposite to Dover in England from which it is distant about eight Leagues once a place of great Trade as being the Staple of English Wools now only of note for its being the receipt of Passengers from this Kingdom to England to and fro 2. Bulloigne a strong Frontier Town towards the Sea 3. Abbeville also a strong Frontier Town In the higher Picardy are 1. Amiens a Frontier City towards Flanaers well fortified and famous for the sudden loss and as sudden and brave regaining it by Henry the Fourth 2. St. Quintin a strong Frontier Town Dukedom of Normandy NORMANDY well watered with Rivers amongst which are the Seine Anon and Orne It is well garnished with Cities and Towns many of which are commodiously seated for Trade by reason of their vicinity to the British Ocean the chief of which are 1. Roan its Metropolis seated in the higher Normandy on the banks of the Seine over which there is a famous Bridge of Boats Here is held one of the Parliaments of France and it is a place of as great Trade as any in France being one of the three principal Towns where Exchanges are used Here the English have a publick Hall allowed them for the sale of English Woolen cloth to which place at certain days they are constrained to expose them to sale 2. Havre de Grace or Now Haven the strongest
place in all Normandy 3. Dieppe also a City of some Trade being a common Landing-place for the English in their passage into France 4. Caen famous for its long resistance of Henry the Fifth of England 5. Fabais once a strong Town here it was that Duke Robert passing through saw some Maids a dancing amongst which was one Arlet a Skinners Daughter who so nimbly footed it that his desires were to enjoy her thinking she would be as active in the Bed whereupon he sent for her and obtained his desires in which she so plensed him that he begat on her William the Bastard King of England in spight to whom and disgrace to his Mother the English call Whores Harlots 6. Charenton famous for the Preaching of that eminent Divine Peter du Moulin and 7. Constance Isle of France The Isle of FRANCE made so by the circlings and confluences of the Seine and other little Brooks It lieth in the heart of all France where we shall find not only its particular glory but that of all the Kingdom to wit Paris City of Paris which for its Riches Power and number of Inhabitants may justly contend with any in Europe It is about 12 miles in circuit if all the Suburbs are reckoned and in form rather round than oval seated on the Seine and in a Soil so fertil that not many Cities know so great plenty It is of no great strength nor of much consequence in matter of Trade only contenting themselves with enough to serve the Inhabitants and Court yet in matter of Coin it giveth rule to all Cities in France and is another of the three Cities where Exchanges are placed a convenience for the Nobility Gentry and Courtiers as also for Strangers The chief ornaments of it are the Palace of the Louvre so much famoused abroad besides so many Palaces of the Nobility amongst the rest that of Luxembourgh its Palace-Royal its Church of Nostre Dame its Vniversity formed by Charlemain in Anno 800 esteemed the first in Europe containing 55 Colledges and particularly the Colledge of the Sorbona also the Halls of Justice or Courts of Parliament being as our Courts of Judicature are all remarkable Next to this City may be reckoned 1. St. Dennis about three miles from Paris famous for the Sepulchres of the French Kings 2. Pont-oyse 3. Meaux 4. Beauvais and 5. Soissons In this Province is the beautiful House and Forest of Fontaine Bleau built by Henry the Fourth esteemed not only one of the fairest Palaces in all France but of Christendom here is also seated the Royal Mansion of St. Germains and Boys de Vincennes where the puissant Henry the Fifth finished his days In this Province is the Dukedom of Valois whose chief places are Luzarch and Sen-lis This Country abounds in Vineyards which yields the sharp Wine called Vin de Paris Province of Champaigne CHAMPAIGNE so called from being a Champain Country its chief places are 1. Rheims famous for being the place where the Kings of France are usually Crowned and anointed with an Oil here kept which they say came down from Heaven and never decreaseth and here is a Colledge for English Jesuits 2. Chaaloons 3. Langres 4. Sens and 5. Troyes all places of some account Province of Britany BRETAIGNE or Britanny whose chief Port-Towns are Brest Blavet and St. Malos and within Land the Cities of 1. Nantes seated on the Loire 2. Rennes where the Parliament for this Province is held 3. Vennes seated on the South-Sea 4. Breine and 5. Morlaix of note for its great store of Paper so called Under the Government of ORLEANS or ORLEANOIS we comprehend divers Provinces on this side upon and beyond the Loire viz. Province of Maine MAINE whose chief places are 1. Maine seated on the River Magenue which dischargeth it self into the Loire 2. Mayenne 3. Laval and 4. Domfront Province of Perche PERCHE on the borders of Normandy hath for its chief places Nogent le Retrou Mortaigne and Vernevil which by some are esteemed in Normandy Province of la Beauce LA BEAVCE hath for its principal places 1. Chartes seated on the Loire a fair and pleasant City dignified with an Vniversity for the study of the Civil Laws 2. Estampes 3. Chà steau Dun and 4. Vendosme Province of Gastenois GASTENOIS hath for its principal place Montargis Province of Nivernois NIVERNOIS or BVRBON well watered by the Loire and Allier its chief places are 1. Nerves of some account for its pretty Glass-works and is dignified with an ancient Dukedom 2. La Charite 3. Clamecy and 4. Donzy Province of Orleanois ORLEANOIS whose chief City is Orleans from whence the Government or Province took its name a City if Paris excepted may contend with any in France having once been the Seat of a King of its own It s pleasant scituation on the Loire makes it extream delightful and although of no considerable Trade yet is a great Thorough-fair for such Commodities as pass to Lions and other places in the heart of the Kingdom Province of Blasois BLASOIS hath for its chief place Blois where by the command of Henry the Third the Duke of Guise the first stirrer up of the Civil Wars in France as also the great contriver and promoter of the grievous Massacre at Paris was slain in the Senate-house Province of Touraine TOVRAINE hath for its chief places 1. Tours where the Protestants first began and from one of whose Gates called Hugo's-Gate they were called Hugonots Nigh to this place it was that Charles Martel Father of King Pepin discomfited an Army of about 400000 Saracens and slew of them about 370000. 2. Amboise 3. Loches and 4. Chinon Province of Anjou ANJOV adjoyning to Maine a small Province but exceeding fertil and affords the best Wines in France It s chief places are 1. Angiers dignified with an Vniversity 2. Saumur a Town delightfully seated on the Loire and dignified with the only Protestant Vniversity in France and 3. la Fleche Province of Poictou POICTOV a large and populous Province numbring about 1200 Parishes and dignified with three Bishopricks its principal places are 1. Poictiers seated on the River Clavius famous for the study of the Civil Laws and in greatness esteemed next to Paris but of small account as to matter of Trade 2. Maillezais 3. Luson 4. Chastelleroud 5. Niort 6. Lusignan and 7. Touars This Country is very fertil especially in good Vineyards and in these Fields were sought that memorable Battle between John of France and Edward the Black Prince who contrary to all expectation gained the day Province of Aunis AVNIS South of Poictou hath for its chief City Rochel commodiously seated on the Aquitain Ocean by reason of which it enjoyeth a great Trade it is a place of great strength as may appear by the resistance the Protestants there inhabiting made against the powerful Army of the French King
part where are The Dutchies of And the Charollois in part Charolles Brabant Leuvain Brusselles Limbourg Limbourg Luxembourg Luxembourg Thionville Guelderland in part Ruremonde The Counties of Flanders Gand or Gaunt Lille Artois Arras St. Omer Hainault Mons Valenciennes Namur Namur The Marquisate of the Empire where is Anvers or Antwerp The Signieury of Malines Malines And near the LOW COUNTRY The Archbishoprick and Signieury of Cambray Cambray The County of Linghen Lighen To the R t Hon John Egerton Earle of Bridgewater Visc Berckley Bar t of Elsmere L d Leiutenant Buckingham Shire one of L d of his Matys most Hon. Privi Councell c. This Mapp is Humbly Dedicated by R B A GENERALL MAPP OF THE EMPIRE OF GERMANY with its severall Estates Designed by Monsieur Sanson Geographer to the French King c. GERMANY AND BELGIUM Or THE Low Countries Its Bounds Latitude and Longitude GERMANY is in the midst of those three parts which we have placed in the middle of Europe and extends it self from 45 ½ unto 54 ½ degrees of Latitude and from the 28th unto the 41 of Longitude This position shews that it lies in the middle of the Temperate Zone This Germany may be considered in three great parts of which each may be subdivided into three others We will call the great parts Germany about the Rhine Germany about the Danube and Germany about the Elbe and the Oder all which with its lesser parts are taken notice of in the Geographical Tables of Germany according to which method we will proceed and then the first will be the Franche County or BVRGVNDY which is bounded with Bress Switzerland Lorraine and Champaine It s ancient Inhabitants were the Hedui who first called Julius Caesar into France and its People are at present esteemed warlike marching under the Colours of divers Princes and are known by the name of Walloons It is a Country so fertil that it hath been called the Flower of France within whose bounds some do esteem it It hath for its chief places 1. Besanson the Metropolis of Burgundy seated on the banks of the Doux a City of good strength and beauty and made an Vniversity by the commands of Charles the Fifth and Pope Julio the Third 2. Dole in the Balliage of Dole a Town of great strength riches and beauty famous for its Colledge of Jesuites 3. Gray in the Balliage of Amont and 4. Salius in the Balliage of Aval of some account for its rich Salt Fountain Besides these places in Burgundy are numbred 20 walled Towns and about 160 Lordships Province of Lorrain LORRAINE bordering on Burgundy famous for having had for its Duke Godfrey Sirnamed Bulloigne the Recoverer of the Holy Land from the Turks its Dukes now enjoy little else save the Title the Country being seized by the French It is of a fertil Soil affording plenty of Corn and Wine and hath store of Salt It s chief places are 1. Nancy in the Balliage of Francois once dignified with the Seat of the Duke 2. Vandrevange 3. Mirecourt 4. Vancoleur the Birth-place of Joan de Pucelle 5. Pont-a-Mason so named by reason of its Bridge over the Mosa 6. Metz and 7. Toul Country of Barrois Between this Province and Champaine lieth the Country of BARROIS and belongeth to Lorrain whence the eldest Sons of these Dukes were styled Princes of Barri It s chief places are Bar-le-Duc and St. Michael The several parts of the Catholick Low Countries The Catholick LOW COVNTRIES may be contained under the Dukedoms of Brabant Limbourg and Luxembourg the Earldoms of Flanders Artois Haynaut and Namur the Marquisate of the Empire the Signiory of Malines c. The whole Country is exceeding fertil yet found not very advantagious to the Spaniards who are Masters of it Dukedom of Brabant BRABANT for the most part of an ungrateful Soil yet well inhabited and stored with walled Towns and Villages the chief amongst which are 1. Lovaine a fair and large City being about four miles in circuit within its Walls and six without wherein are many delightful Gardens and Meadows and is of note for its Vniversity where there is a Seminary for English Jesuits 2. Brussels a City for its fairness and elegancy of its Buildings its extent being as large as Lovaine giveth place to few in the Netherlands It is at present the residence of the Spanish Governour for the Low Countries and 3. Breda once the Seat of the Prince of Orange till taken by the Spaniards City of Antwerp To the Dukedom of Brabant doth belong the Marquisate of the EMPIRE whose chief place is Anvers or Antwerp seated on the Schelde out of which it hath eight Channels cut the biggest of which are capable to receive about 100 great Ships which doth much facilitate its Trade it is a fair and large City being about seven or eight miles in circuit within its Walls which are strong high and broad enough for Coaches to pass on which the Nobility and Gentry commonly use to recreate themselves In this City are abundance of Painters and Gravers whose work is well received abroad To this Dukedom doth also belong the Signiory of Malines whose chief place bears the same name likewise the Archbishoprick and Imperial City of Cambria of good account and the Bishoprick and Imperial City of Liege seated on the Meuse a Town of good beauty being so filled with fair Abbies and Monasteries that it is called the Paradice of the Priests Dutchy of Limbourg LIMBOVRG hath many good Towns the chief of which are 1. Limbourg seated on the Banks of the Weser and giveth name to the Dutchy 2. Mastrich a place of great strength being held almost impregnable yet was gained lately by the French but through the assistance of the English under the command of his Grace James Duke of Monmouth 3. Dalen fortified with a Castle c. Dukedom of Luxembourg LVXEMBOVRG Northwards of Lorrain said to contain about 1000 Villages and 23 walled Towns the chief of which are 1. Luxembourg seated on the Elze 2. Thionville which with the other places suffered much in the time of the Wars betwixt France and Spain Forrest of Ardenna The Spaw In this Province is the famous Forrest of Ardenna once about 500 miles in compass now scarce 90 and in it or on its edges is the no less famous Waters of the Spaw so much frequented by the Europeans in and about the Month of July being found exceeding good for several Diseases in the body Man FLANDERS Earldom of Flanders described FLANDERS should be the most famous of all these Countries since it communicates its name to them all it is divided into Tutone Wallone and Imperiale The chief Cities and places in this Earldom are 1. Ghent whose Walls are seven miles in compass and was once of great beauty but now through the Seditiousness of its Inhabitants it is much ruinated a good part of it being
toleration of all Religions It is seated on the Tay which like a large but calm Sea floweth on the North-side and the River Amster taking its course from the South through three Lakes entreth the City passeth through it and falleth into the Tay. This City may be said to be the greatest Haven Town in the VVorld where there are commonly to be seen about a 1000 Sail of Ships to ride and by reason of its vast Trade to Foreign parts is found to have great plenty of all known Commodities as being general Traders to most places of Traffick 2. Rotterdam famous for giving Birth to Erasmus 3. Delft inhabited most by Brewers and their Relations 4. Harlem where Printing was first invented and the first Book that ever was Printed was Tully's Offices 5 Leyden dignified with a famous Vniversity the Town consisteth of 41 Islands the passage from one to the other being by Boats and Bridges there being about 40 of Wood and 110 of Stone 6. Dort where in Anno 1618. was held a National Synod against the Arminians 7. Brille 8. Alemar 9. Incluse and 10 the Hague a Village but the largest in the VVorld equalizing many fair Cities numbring about 2000 Houses and is very populous it is adorned with the Palaces of the States General who have here their Assemblies It will not be improper to speak of the power of these States by Sea which is so great than in Holland Zeland and Friezland they are able to put forth to Sea about 2500 Sail of Ships for burthen and war Nor can it be forgot how Margaret A strange Birth of 365 Children Sister to Floris the Fourth Earl of Holland had at one Birth being 42 years of Age 365 Children which were all Christned in two Basons in the Church of Lasdunen by Guido Bishop of Vtrecht who named the Males all Johns and the Females Elizabeths and the Basons are yet to be seen in the said Church The Earldom of ZELAND quasi Sea and Land Zeland consisting of seven Islands the remainder of fifteen which the Seas are said to have swallowed up in which were abundance of good Towns and Villages The seven Isles yet remaing are 1. Walcheren whose principal Towns are Middlebourg once enjoying a good Trade by the residence of the English Merchant-Adventurers and Flushing the first Town that the States took from the Spaniards being now a place of good strength and held to be the Key of the Netherlands The second Isle is South Beverland whose chief Town is Tergowse The third Schoven where are Sirexee and Brevers Haven The fourth Tolen whose principal place is Tertolenâ— the other three Islands are North-Beverland Duveland and Wolferdike This Country is destitute of Fresh-water and Wood but in recompence is very fertil in Grains Earldom of Zutphen The Earldom of ZVTPHEN whose chief places are Zutphen seated on the Yssel a place of great strength Barony of utrecht The Barony of VTRECHT North of Holland hath 70 Villages and 5 walled Towns the chief of which are 1. Vtrecht a City commodiously feated for passage by Boats to divers other Towns which with the benefit of the common Ferries one may go in a day from hence to any of the 59 walled Towns equally distant from it and to Dinner to any of the 26 Towns and return at Night 2. Rhenen 3. Amsford 4. Wicket and 5. Montfort Barony of Overyssel The Barony of OVERYSSEL bounded on the East with Wesphalia its chief places are Deventer and Swoll in the quarter of Saland Oldenzee in the quarter of Tuente and Goevorden in the quarter of Drente Westfriezlands The Barony of WEST-FRIEZLAND is bounded on the VVest and North with the Sea is said to number 340 Villages and 10 Towns the chief of which are 1. Louvarden where there is held the Common Council for the Province 2. Harlingen a Maritim Town 3. Franicker of late made a University and 4. Dockum Groningue The Barony of GRONINGVE is a Town in West-Friezland having under its Jurisdiction 145 Villages of which the chief are Groningue Old Haven and Keykerke Under the name of Germany beyond the Rbine we comprehend Franconia Hessia and Westphalia Province of Franconia The Province of FRANCONIA is divided into three parts viz. into Ecclesiasticks or Bishopricks Laicks and Imperial Cities the Bishopricks are those of Writzberg Bamberg and Mergetheim Cites of good account the Laicks are the Marquisates of Cullembach and Onspach and the Counties of Holas whose chief place is Weickersheim and Wertheim whose chief place bears the same name and the Imperial Cities are 1. Nuremberg seated in a barren Soil yet by reason of the Industry of its Inhabitants is a place of good Riches and well frequented by Merchants for their Wares known by the name of Nuremberg-Wares 2. Francfort seated on the Moene which severeth it into two parts but joyned together by a fair Bridge It is encompassed with a strong double Wall it is a Free City of the Empire and famous for the two Fairs or Marts for Books here annually held the one in Lent and the other in September and 3. Schweinfurt Lantgravedom of Hassia The Lantgravedom of HASSIA Eastwards of Saxony its chief places are 1. Cassel a City seated in a fertil Soil yet of no great beauty 2. Marpurg an Vniversity and the Seat of the Second House of the Lantgraves and 3. Dormestad the Seat and Inheritance of the youngest House of the Lantgraves To this Province doth belong the Country of WALDECK whose Earls are subject to the Lantgraves its chief place is Gorbach Likewise to this Province belongeth WETTERAVIA whose chief places are Nassau Solins Hanâ—u and Isenbourg Province of Westphalia The Province of WESTPHALIA is divided into three parts to wit Ecclesiasticks Counties and Imperial Cities This Province was the ancient habitation of the Saxons the Soil is very fertil wonderfully stored with Acorns which makes their Swines-flesh excellent and so much esteemed The chief places in the Ecclesiasticks are those of Paderborne Minde and Arensberg also the Bishopricks of Collen Munster and Triers The Bishoprick of COLLEN taketh up a great part of Westphalia Bishoprick of Collen c. and hath for its chief place Collen a City well stored with Schools for the education of Youth and here according to Report were interr'd the Bodies of the three Wise-men which came from the East to worship our Saviour vulgarly called the three Kings of Collen The Bishoprick of MVNSTER hath its chief place so called seated on the River Ems where there is a Monastery so called built by Charles the Great 2. Warendrop and 3. Herwerden The Bishoprick of TRIERS hath for its chief places 1. Triers an ancient City seated on the Moselle 2. Bopport seated on the said River and 3. Engers The Counties belonging to Westphalia The Counties belonging to the Province of Westphalia are 1. EMBDEN whose chief place is Aurick 2. OLDENBOVRG whose chief place is
chief places 1. Amberg seated amongst Silver-Mines 2. Newbourg usually the portion of some of the younger Palatines 3. Castel where the Palatinates of the Rhine when they sojourn in this Country use to keep their Court 4. Sultzbach 5. Burglenfelt 6. Aichstet and 7. Pfreimt Dukedom of Austria with its parts The Arch-Dukedom of AVSTRIA is seated on both sides of the Danube and hath united to it as Horeditary possessions of that House the Provinces or Dukedoms of Stirie Carinthie Carniole the County of Cilley and the Marquisate of Windischmarch The particular Dukedom or Province of AVSTRIA is separate from Hungaria on the East by the Leite Austria its chief places are 1. Vienna seated on the Danube at present the Seat of the German Emperours as being the Metropolitan fairest and most beautiful City in all Germany being adorned with many magnificent Temples and stately Monasteries but above all with a most sumptuous and Princely Palace where the Emperour keeps his Court. It is esteemed the Bulwark of the Country against the Turks being of note for the repulse they gave the Turks in Anno 1526 when besieged by about 200000 under the conduct of Solyman the Magnificent and were thence repulsed with the loss of about 80000 Men. 2. Ems so called from the River on which it is seated 3. Wells 4. Crems seated on the Danube 5. Home 6. Newstat and 7. Bade Dukedom of Stirie The Dukedom of STIRIE is contiguous to Austria on the South hath for its chief places Grecz Pruck and Pettau Dukedom of Carinthie c. The Dukedom of CARINTHIE is South of the Alpes and hath for its chief places 1. St. Veit the Metropolitan City of this Country 2. Lavemunde and 3. Grucz The Dukedom of CARNIOLE adjoyning on Italy Westwards hath for its chief places Laubuch Gorice Gradisque and Czirknitz The Country of CILLEY whose chief place bears the same name The Marquisate of WINDISCHMARCH which hath for its chief places Metling and Radolfswred Germany about the Elbe and Oder contains Bohemia and the Higher and Lower Saxony To Bohemia are incorporated the Dukedom of Silesia and the Marquisates of Moravia and Lusatia BOHEMIA Kingdom of Bohemia THe Kingdom of BOHEMIA is encompassed with the Hercynian Forests which for a long time was a fence against the Romans it hath on the East Moravia and Silesia on the South Austria on the West Bavaria and on the North Luisatia The whole Kingdom contains 550 miles in circuit in which are said to be 780 Cities walled Towns and Castles and about 32000 Villages Its Inhabitants are much addicted to Drunkenness and Gluttony but the Nobility and Gentry for the most part are of another temper The Soil of the Kingdom is extreamly fertil and enriched with Mines of all sorts of Metal except Gold It is severed into 15 Provinces and hath for its chief places 1. Prague the Metropolis of the whole Kingdom and seated in the midst and on the River Mulda This City consisteth of four several Towns and every one of them have their peculiar Magistrates Laws and Customs to wit the Old Prague beautified with a famous Senate-house a large Market-house and several fair Structures then the New Prague separate from the Old by a deep and broad Ditch also the little Town so called which is divided from the Old Prague by the Mulda to which it is joyned by a fair Bridge In this City is the Hill Rachine on the sides of which are many beautiful Houses inhabited by the Nobility and on the summit thereof is a magnificent Palace and is the residence of the Bohemian Kings and later Emperours the fourth and last part is the Town of the Jews as by them inhabited where they have five Synagogues and live according to their own Laws 2. Coln 3. Jaromirz 4. Churdin 5. Hora 6. Tabor 7. Pisen 8. Ziatecz 9. Rakonick 10. Melnisk and 11. Nimburg all places of good account The Provinces Incorporate to Bohemia are the Dutchy of Silesia the Marquisates of Moravia and Lusasia Dutchy of Silesia SILESIA is Eastwards of Bohemia and is severed into two equal parts by the River Oder which hath here its beginning it is divided into three Dutchies fifteen Principalities and four Baronies whose names with their chief places I have taken notice of in the Geographical Table of Bohemia It s chief places are 1. Breslaw so called from a Duke of this Province who built it In the year 1341 it was totally burnt but since the rebuilding is become one of the neatest Towns in this part 2. Gros-glogaw 3. Jawer 4. Lignitz 5. Breslaw 6. Breig 7. Monsterbeg 8. Neiss 9. Oppelen 10. Ratibor 11. Troppaw and 12. Wartenberg Marquisate of Moravia The Marquisate of MORAVIA West of Bohemia is esteemed the most fertil Country for Corn in Germany abounding also in Myrrhe and Frankinsince not growing on Trees but out of the ground It is severed into three parts viz. Olmutz Brinn and Znaim and hath for its chief places 1. Brinn dignified with the Seat of the Marquiss 2. Olmutz seated on the Morava from whence the Country takes its name and is dignified with an Vniversity 3. Iglaw 4. Znaim 5. Kremsir 6. Krumlow and 7. Polna all places of good account Marquisate of Lusatia The Marquisate of LVSASIA South of Bohemia is divided into the Higher and Lower Lusasia a Country though but little yet able to Arm 20000 foot It hath for its chief places 1. Baudissen 2. Gorlitz 3. Sittaw 4. Soraw and 5. Guben The County of Glatzko and the Signiory of Egra belong likewise to the Kingdom of Bohemia SAXONY Saxony with its parts THE Lower part of Germany about the Elbe and Oder is taken up by Saxony which is divided into the Higher and Lower in the higher are the Estates of the Dukes of Saxony the Estates of the Marquisate of Brandenburg and the Dutchy of Pomerania In the Lower Saxony are several Archbishopricks Bishopricks Dutchies and Imperial Cities which I have taken notice of in the Geographical Table of Germany about the Elbe and the Oder Higher Saxony and its parts The Higher SAXONY for the most part belongs to the Duke and Elector of Saxony It is bounded on the East with Lusatia and Brandenburgh on the South with Bavaria and Bohemia on the West with Hassia and Franconia and on the North with Lower Saxony and Brandenburgh It is divided into the Dutchy of Saxony the Marquisate of Misne the Dutchy of Voitland Turinge with its several parts and the Principality of Anhalt The chief places in the Dutchy of Saxony are 1. Wittenberg seated on a plain and Sandy barren ground once dignified with the Seats of the Dukes of Saxony famous for the Sepulchers of Luther and Melancthon it is dignified with an Vniversity and of this Town there is a common Proverb That a man shall meet nothing but Schollers Whores and Swine which last is their food and 2. Worlets seated on the Albis
Province of Misne The Province of MISNE hath for its chief places 1. Dresden seated on the Albis the residence of the Duke and Prince Elector of Saxony it is a place of great strength having on its Walls and Bulwarks 150 Peeces of Ordnance being the Dukes Magazin for Arms and Men where upon a days warning he can make ready 30000 Horse and Foot 2. Dipsick seated in a fruitful Plain for Corn a fair Town graced with large Streets and beautified with many lofty Buildings of Freestone and is of some account for its University for the study of Philosophy and it is observed that these Philosophers amongst other Secrets in nature find Beer so good that the Duke gains by the Custom thereof drunk by them and the Inhabitants who follow their steps about 20000 l. per annum sterling Dutchy of Voitland The Dutchy of VOITLAND is of no large extent and of as little note its chief places are Altembourg and Zuickaw Province of Turinge The Province of TVRINGE about 120 miles in length and breadth is divided into several parts and hath for its chief places 1. Erdford a fair and large City 2. Jeve an University of Physitians 3. Smalcald famous for the Lutheran League here made in Anno 1530 by the German Princes which in a short time was propogated over all Christendom 4. Cobourg 5. Quedelimberg 6. Salsfeldt 7. Mulhausen and 8. Northausen which two last are Imperial Cities The Principality of ANHALT hath for its chief places Dessau and Bernebourg Anhalt Marquisate of Brandenbourg The Marquisate of BRANDENBOVRG East of Poland is in compass about 520 miles is separated into the parts of Altmark Mittle Mittlemarck Marche and Newmarck its chief places are 1. Havelberg scituate on the River Havel the Seat of a Bishop 2. Brandenbourg which communicates its name to the Country 3. Berlin seated on the River Spre the ordinary residence of the Marquiss 3. Francfort seated on the Oder to distinguish it from the other on the Meine and in a fertil Soil for Corn and Wine it is dignified with an Vniversity and a great Mart Town but not comparable to the other Francfort and 5. Landsberg Province of Pomerania The Province of POMERANIA South of Brandenbourg is divided into nine Dutchies whose names are set down in the Geographical Table It s chief places are 1. Stettin the residence of the Prince which from a poor Fisher Town is now become the chief of the Country 2. Walgast once a famous Mart Town where the Russians Vandals Danes and Saxons had their particular Streets of abode for Trade but now it is lost and from thence removed to Lubeck 3. Gripsvald an University 4. Straelsond 5. Bergen 6. Stargart 7. Colberg 8. Stolpe and 9. Lowenbourg That part of the Country about Stettin belong to the Swede and that towards Colberg to the Marquisate of Brandenbourg Lower Saxony with its parts The Lower SAXONY is divided into the Archbishopricks Bishopricks divers Dutchies with some Imperial Cities the names of all which are set down in the Geographical Table of Saxony In this Lower Saxony are divers good Towns and Cities the chief of which are 1. Magdebourg a City which gives name to its Territory 2. Breme which also gives name to its Territory or Archbishoprick is one of the hans-Hans-Towns so called from the freedom of Traffick here used it is commodiously seated on the Visurge which runneth through the City and at five miles distance falleth into the Sea 3. Ferden 4. Hiddelshein 5. Halberstat which three last are all Cities which give name to their Territories or Bishopricks The several Dutchies are HOLSTEIN or HOLSATIA where are the Cities of Kyell Segelberg and Gluckstad Dutchy of Lunebourg The Dutchy of LVNEBOVRG hath for its chief places 1. Lunebourg said to be so called from the Moon which the ancient Inhabitants worshipped it is an Imperial and Free City of good strength being well fortified with thick Mud-walls and deep Ditches and its Buildings are fair a place well known for its salt â—â—untain here found over which is built a spacious House containing 52 Rooms in every one of which are placed eight Chaldrons of Lead in each of which are boiled a Tun of Salt every day the profit of which is divided into three parts one to the Duke another to the City and the other to the Monastery and some adjoyning Earldoms And 2. Celle the Seat of the Duke of Lunebourg Dutchy of Brunswick c. The Dutchy of BRVNSWICK hath for its chief places 1. Brunswick seated in a fertil Soil for Corn a free Imperial City strongly fenced about with Walls besides the River of Ancor which encompasseth it this place is famous for its Mum which the Inhabitants are so much addicted unto that they commonly spend the Forenoons about their Affairs and the Afternoons in good Fellowship 2. Wolfenbutten the Seat of the Dukes of Brunswick The Dutchy of GRVBENHAGEN whose chief place is Limbeck The Dutchy of GOTTINGEN whose chief place is Gottingue The Dutchy of LAWENBOVRG whose chief places are Lawenbonrg and Hadler The Dutchy of MECKLENBOVRG West of Pomerania hath for its chief places 1. Wismar so named from Wisamarus a King of the Vandals Father of Rhadaguse who with Alarick the Goth sacked Rome 2. Rostock an University and 3. Scierin Amongst the Imperial Free Cities or hans-Hans-Towns which are about 72 most of which are seated on the Sea-shoar or navigable Rivers enjoying large Immunities and able to put to Sea about 100 Sail of Ships these following are of most note 1. Lubeck seated on the Trane which on the North-side divides Germany from Denmark and on a spacious Hill on the top whereof is a beautiful Church from whence lead Streets to all the Gates of the City besides which there are nine other Churches it is encompassed with a double Wall one of Brick and the other of Earth and in some parts deep Ditches where Ships of about 1000 Tuns are brought up to Winter from Tremuren its Maritim-Port seated on the Baltick Sea from which it is about a miles distance The Buildings of this City are of Brick and very beautiful to which they have many pleasant Gardens and the Inhabitants are to be commended for their civility to Strangers as also for their strictness in the execution of their Justice 2. Hambourg seated on a large and Sandy plain and on the banks of the Albis where it divides Germany from Denmark it is a strong City encompassed with a deep Ditch and on the East and North-sides with a double Ditch and Wall and hath six Gates for entrance the Haven being shut up with Iron-Chains and strictly guarded It is adorned with many fair buildings as the Senate-house the Exchange c. hath nine Churches for Divine Worship and its private Houses are for the most part neatly built it is very populous well Inhabited and frequented by Merchants especially by the English who have here a Factory
together extend from about the 48th degree of Latitude unto the 57th which are about 225 French Leagues and from the 38th of Longitude unto the 61 and have near as much Continent again as France They are bounded on the East for the most part by Moscovy Bounds and part of the Petit Tartars on the South the Mountains oâ— Caprack and the River Neister divide them from Hungaria Transilvania and Moldavia on the West by Germany and toucht in part on the Balticâ— Sea and on the North they are bounded part by Livonia and Moscovy Ancient Inhabitants The Ancient name of Poland was Sauromatia from its Inhabitants the Sauromatae afterwards by Lechius the first Duke hereof in Anno 550 it was called Poland which signifies a plain Country as generally it is It was made a Kingdom by the Emperour Otho the Third Anno 1000 Boleslaus being Duke and hath ever had its Dukes and Kings elected by the States who by reason of their vicinity to the Turks generally chuse a Warriour Fertility Commodities c. The Country is plain well clothed with Firs and other Timber-Trees the Air is so cold that they have neither Wine nor Grapes instead of which having store of Barly they make use of the Old drink of England viz. Ale The Country is well furnished with Grains and Fruits but they are but lean their chief Commodities are rich Furs Horses Hony Wax Bow-staves Buff-hides Ambergreese Flax Linnen-cloth Masts Cordage Boards Wainscot Timber Rozin Tar and Pith of both kinds Match Iron Stock-fish Salt digged out of the Earth Pot-ashes Rye in great plenty for which it hath made Dantzick famous It is well furnished with Flesh Fowl and Fish and to waâ—ds the Carpatian Mountains of Hungaria are found Mines of Gold and Silver as also Iron and Brimstone To the R t Worship Full Sr Robert Clayton of the Citty of London Kt and Alderman and Lord Mayr thee of Anno 1680 This Mapp is D D by R B P of the ESTATES of the CROWNE of POLAND where are the KINGDOM of POLAND withits Palatinates the DUTCHES of RUSSIA-NOIRE CUJAVIA MOZOVIA PRUSSIA â—IA VOLHYNIA PODOLIA c Designed by Monsieur Sanson Geographer to the French King The Revenue of the King The Revenue of the King is not great for so large a Country and that which is he receiveth from them quarterly the Kingdom being divided into four Parts every one of which keepeth the King and Court a quarter which Revenue is not certain but more or less according to his occasions by War Marriage of his Daughters or the like Poland with its parts and chief places The Kingdom is divided throughout into Palatinates and Castlewicks Poland taken particularly is divided into the Higher and Lower in the Higher are the Palatinates of Cracou Sandomirz and Lublin Places of most note in these parts are 1. Cracou or Cracovia seated in a Plain and on the Banks of the Vistula dignified with the residence of the King It is in form round the Houses fair and lofty and built of Freestone in the midst of the City is a large Quadrangle Market-house where is seated the Cathedral Church and the Senate-house for the Citizens about which are several Shops for Merchants The City is encompassed with two strong Stone Walls and a dry Ditch on the East-side of the City is the Kings Castle being fair well built and pleasantly seated on a Hill as also the Kings and Queens Lodgings on the West is a Chappel where the Kings are interr'd and on the North-side Lodgings for Entertainment and Feasting the South-side being without Buildings but as to matters of Trade this City is of small account Also Sandomirz and Lublin both chief Cities of their Palatinates are in the higher Polonia or Poland Lower Poland In the Lower Poland are the Palatinates of Posna Kalisch Sirad Lencinâ— Dobrzin Ploczk and Rava whose chief Cities or places bear the same name and are the residence of their Palatines Besides which there are several other Towns of good note which are taken notice of in the Geographical Table of the Kingdom and in chief Posna and Gnesna dignified with the See of an Archbishop who during the Interregnum of the King holdeth the Supream Authority in the Kingdom and summoneth the Diets To Poland doth also belong the Dutchies of Russia Noire Cujavia Mazovia Prussia and Polaquie Russia Noire RVSSIA NOIRE hath for its chief places Loewenberg and Belz both chief of their Palatinates OVJAVIA hath for its principal places Brzesti and Vladislau Cujavia both chief of their Castelwicks Mazovia with its places MAZOVIA hath only one Palatinate viz. Czersk under which is comprised several Cities and Castlewicks the chief of which is Warzaw one of the fairest in the Kingdom it oft-times being the residence of the Kings of Poland a place noted for its excellent Metheglin here made PRVSSIA is considered in two parts Prussia which are called Royale and Ducale Prussia Royale is immediately subject to the Crown of Poland and hath its Palatinates in the Cities of 1. Dantzick seated on the Vistula at its influx into the Baltick Sea and at the foot of a great Mountain which hangs over it it is the fairest best and of the greatest Trade of any in Prussia Through this City runs a River very commodious to the Inhabitants whereon are many Mills for the grinding of Corn which is here found in great plenty as also a Water-Mill for the conveyance of water in Pipes to their Houses and by reason of its great Trade for Corn with England and other parts they have a great many Granaries or Store-houses for the same which is hither brought them from Poland 2. Elbin though but small yet a fair City and indifferently well frequented by the English Merchants 3. Marienburg the Seat of the Masters of the Dutch Knights 4. Culne and 5. Thorn which though it hath no Palatinate is esteemed by many next to Dantzick Prussia Ducale belongs to the Marquess of Brandenbourg who holds it from the Crown of Poland It hath only one Palatinate at Koningsberg seated on an Inlet of the Baltick Sea and washed with the River Pegel it is a fair City a famous Mart and a good University and before its Coast is gathered great quantity of Ambergriece This Ambergriece is the juyce of a Stone growing like Coral on a Rock in the North-Sea continually covered with Water and in the Months of September and December by the violence of the Sea is rent from the Rocks and cast into the Havens of the Neighbouring Countries POLAQVIE is a small Province between the Estates of Poland and Lithuania Polaquie and seems to have belonged to Mozavia Bielsk is the Seat of its Palatinate And hitherto we have treated of the Estates of Poland almost all on the Vistula or the Rivers that fall into it on which are seated the three fairest Cities of these Quarters viz. Cracow towards its Spring
Kexholm or Barelogorod INGRIA which is not subdivided into Provinces Notteburg or Orescu Juanogorod Caporia Jamagorod LIVONIA in part as The rest belongeth to the Crown of POLAND ESTEN or ESTONIE where are the parts of Esten Febin Vickeland Pernajo Habsel Harneland Revel Wireland Wiesenburg Tolsburg Alantack Nerva Nyslot Jervenland Wittenstein Kikeland Derpt LETTEN with its parts and places as they lie Towards the West Riga Segenwold Wenden Walmer Towards the South Koekenhaus Creutzburg Dunburg Towards the East Maryenburg SCANDINAVIA Wherein are the ESTATES of DENMARK AND SWEDEN The extent bounds c. of Scandinavia SCANDIA or SCANDINAVIA is only a Peninsula which extends it self from the 56th degree of Latitude unto or beyond the 71 which are near 400 Leagues from North to South and from the 26th degree of Longitude unto the 45th on the Baltick Sea and on the Ocean unto the 53 but this Mass of Land cannot have in its greatest breath above 150 Leagues finishing in two points towards South and North. It s scituation c. It is bounded on the North and West by the Northern Ocean and on the South and East by the Baltick Sea a continual Chain of Mountains dividing it into two almost equal parts of which one is on the Baltick Sea and the other on the Ocean this possessed by the King of Denmark the other by the King of Sweden DENMARK Its Commodities THe Estates of DENMARK contain two Kingdoms to wit DENMARK and NORWAY Denmark is between the Ocean and the Baltick Sea composed of a Peninsula contiguous to Germany and of a Coast contiguous to Sweden and of divers Isles which are between the Peninsula and Coast some likewise in the middle of the Baltick Sea and near Livonia It is scituate partly in the Northern Temperate Zone and partly within the Artick Circle extending from the 55th degree of Longitude or the middle Parallel of the 10th Clime where it joyneth to Germany as far as 71 degrees where it is bounded by the Frozen Ocean the longest day in the most Southern parts being 17 ¼ hours but in the most Northern parts they have no Night for almost three Months whereas on the other side when the Sun is in the other Tropick and most remote from them they have no Day for the like time This Country is very cold and consequently not over fertil nor affording good Fruits The Commodities that this Kingdom affords are Fish Hides Tallow Furniture for Shipping as Pitch Tar Cordage Masts c. also Firr Boards Wainscot several sorts of Armour c. VIRTUTE NON VI To the Rt. honble 〈…〉 Lord 〈…〉 〈…〉 of 〈…〉 Dâ—â—â—â—â— Earl of 〈◊〉 and L d of his Maitys most Honourable privy Councell c 1678 of 〈…〉 younger son of one of the Danish Kings that came into England with William the Conquerour This Mapp is Humbly dedicated by R B â—â—PP OF THE KINGDOME OF DENNMARKE WITH ITS SEVERALL DIOECESES OR PROVINCES DESIGNED BY MONSIEUR SANSON GEO Its Inhabitants The Inhabitants for the most part are of a good statute and complexion very healthful ingenious and of a ready wit very punctual in performing their Promises proud and high conceited of their own worth lovers of Learning as may appear by those Famous men it hath bred viz. Tycho Brahe the great Mathematician John Cluverus the renowned Philosopher and Physitian Godfrey Gottricus that stout Warriour who not only setled the Government of this Kingdom but also shook the Realm of France likewise Waldemare Christiern the Second and Fourth Canutus and Sueno which two last were the Conquerors of England They are great punishers of Offenders especially Theft and Piracy their Women are of a comly grace very fair and as fruitful in Children discreet and sober The Peninsula called JVITLAND once Cimbrica Chersonesus Juitland from the Cimbrians its ancient Inhabitants it is divided into North and South Juitland North JVITLAND is severed into the Bishopricks of Ripen Arthusen Albourg and Wibourg Diocess of Ripen RIPEN contains 30 Prefectures or Herets as they term them 7 Cities or walled Towns and 10 Castles It s chief places are 1. Ripen seated near the German Ocean the chief place of the Diocess and dignified with an Episcopal See 2. Kolding seated on a Creek of the Baltick Sea 3. Wee l 4. Warde c. Diocess of Arthusen ARTHVSEN containeth 31 Prefecture 7 Cities or walled Towns and 5 Castles It s chief places are 1. Arthusen seated on the Baltick Sea having a commodious and well frequented Port and dignified with an Episcopal See 2. Kalla a strong place seated in a large Bay reaching two Dutch miles to the high Hill of Elemanberg opposite to which lie the Isles of Hilgones Tuen Samsoe Hiarneo and Hiolm c. 3. Horsens 4. Randersen 5. Ebelto and 6. Hobro Diocess of Albourg ALBOVRG which is divided into four parts viz. Thyland whose chief Town is Albourg seated on the Bay of Limford which opening into the Baltick Sea extendeth it self through the main Land almost to the German Ocean 2. Hanebert on the North-west of Limford Bay containeth 4 Prefectures and hath for its chief place Thystad 3. Morsee lying on the Ocean contains 3 Prefectures the Isle of Ageroe the Town of Nicopin and the Castle of Lunstead and 4. Vensyssel according to Mercator Vandalorum sedes or the Seat of the Vandals contains 6 Prefectures 3 Towns and 1 Castle viz. Selby Cagen and Hirring Diocess of Wibourg WIBOVRG contains 16 Prefectures the Isles of Egholm Hansholm Bodum Idgen Cisland and Ostholm also it hath 3 Castles and as many Cities or walled Towns viz. 1. Wibourg dignified with an Episcopal See and the Courts of Judicature for both the Juitlands The point of Scagen or Scean ends this Peninsula towards the North. 2. Lemwick and 3. Holcker South JVITLAND is divided into the Dukedoms of Sleswick and Holstein SLESWICK a Country for the most part level Sleswick enriched with fertil Fields both for Corn and Pasturage it is very well provided with good Bays on the Baltick which are found commodious for Merchants The chief places in this Dukedom are 1. Sleswick seated on the Slea which falls into the Baltick where it hath a commodious and well frequented Haven it is a fair Town the chief of the Dukedom and honoured with an Episcopal See 2. Hussen seated on the German Ocean 3. Sternberg the ordinary residence of the Governour for the King of Denmark 4. Hadersleben seated on a navigable In-let of the Baltick and fortified with a strong and fair Castle 5. Flensborg seated on the Baltick amongst high Mountains having a Port so commodious and deep that Ships do lade and unlade close to their Houses and 6. Gottrop where there is a strong Fort belonging to the Duke of Sleswick seated at the end of a large Bay of the Baltick of note for the Custom-house or Tole-booth there erected for Cattle sent out of these parts into Germany
Dukedom of Holstein HOLSTEIN or HOLSATIA a woody low and Marshy Country is severed into the Parts of Holsatia especially so called Wagrie Stormarch and Dilmarch HOLSTEIN or HOLSATIA hath for its chief places 1. Kiel seated on a navigable Arm of the Baltick where it hath a large Haven being a Town of a good Trade 2. Rendesborg said to be the strongest Town in all the Province 3. Wilsted and 4. Nienmunster WAGRIE hath for its chief places 1. Lubeck an Imperial and free City enjoying the priviledges of a hans-Hans-Town it is pleasantly seated on the confluence of the Billew and on the North-banks of the Trane severing it from Germany and empty themselves into the Baltick being capable to receive Ships of a great burthen which they lade and unlade at Tremuren the Maritim Port at about a miles distance it is built on all sides upon a rising Hill on the Summit whereof is placed a fair and beautiful Church called St. Maries being the Cathedral from whence on an easie descent there are Streets which lead to all the Gates of the City which afford a fair prospect to the Eye besides which it is adorned with 9 other Churches one of which being a decayed Monastery is converted to an Armory to keep their Ammunition for War It is about 6 miles in compass encircling within its Walls divers fair and uniform Streets beautified with good Brick-buildings is very populous and well inhabited by Citizens and Merchants who drive a considerable Trade on the Baltick Seas But this City as also Hamburgh is esteemed rather part of Lower Saxony in Germany where I have also treated of them 2. Segeberg 3. Odesloe 4. Niestad and 5. Oldenborg STORMARCH hath for its chief places 1. Hambourg an ancient City built by the Saxons since made an Imperial City enjoying the Priviledges of a hans-Hans-Town seated on the North-banks of the Albis which divides it from Germany of which it is reckoned a part or member and there treated of in the description of the Lower Saxony to which I refer the Reader 2. Krempe seated on a River of the same name which emptieth it self into the Store a strong and well fortified Town being reckoned for one of the Keys of the Kingdom 3. Bredenberg a Town of great strength belonging to the Rantzoves 4. Gluckstade seated on a Bay or Creek of the German Ocean and therefore well fortified to command the passage up the Elbe and 5. Tychenberg seated on the Elbe being so well fortified that it is now held the strongest Town in this Kingdom DILMARCH or DITMARCH hath for its chief places 1. Meldrop seated on the Sea a place of some account and the chief of the Province 2. Heide and 3. Lunden a Haven Town seated on the Eider which rising in this Peninsula here emptieth it self into the Ocean The BALTICK ISLES THese Islands which are between Juitland and the Coast and farther in the Baltick Sea are in number 35 and are so called as being dispersed in these Seas The Baltick Sea begins at the narrow passage called the Sound and interlacing the Countries of Denmark Poland Germany and Sweden extendeth to Livonia and Lithuania The reason according to the Opinion of many why this Sea which is so large doth neither ebb nor flow may be as well from its Northern scituation whereby the Celestial influences have the less predominancy as also from the narrowness of the Streight which receiveth the Ocean The chief of these Isles I have set down in the Geographical Table of this Kingdom of which a word or two and first with Zeland ZELAND anciently Codanonia from the Codani its Inhabitants Zeland the Isle is very fertil the greatest and of most importance of any in the Baltick to the King of Denmark as lying not above three miles from the main Land of Scandia which narrow Streight is called the Sound through which all Ships must pass that have any Trade into the Baltick all paying to the said King a certain Toll according to the bigness or Bills of Lading by which ariseth a great Revenue unto him and for the security of this passage there are built two exceeding strong Castles the one in this Isle called Cronenberg and the other in Scandia called Hilsemberg of which more anon In this Isle are 7 strong Castles and 13 Cities or walled Towns the chief of which are 1. Copenhagen or Haffen the chief of the Isle seated near the Sea having a commodious Port it is built orbicular of a good strength being defended by a powerful Castle its Houses are but meanly built yet it hath a spacious Market-place and is dignified with the residence of the King for the Winter season whose Palace is built of Freestone quadrangular but of no great splendor as also with the only Vniversity in the Kingdom 2. Elsenour seated on the Sea side of it self but a poor Village were it not for the great resort of Sea-men in their passage through the Sound into the Baltick this being the place where they pay their Toll and in this Village is the stately and well fortified Castle of Cronenburg built in the very Ocean and bravely resisting the fury of its Waves now the ordinary residence of the King being a pleasant prospect into the Sea on the South-side of this Castle is a large and commodious Road for Shipping 3. Roschilt once a rich City now only famous for being the Sepulchre of the Danish Kings where in the Cathedral Church they have their Tombs it is also dignified with the See of a Bishop 4. Fredericksbourg a Fortress built in a pleasant Plain often visited by the King in his retirement where he hath a delightful House seated in a Park 5. Warborg 6. Ringstede 7. Holbeck 8. Slages c. FVINEN or FIONIE seated betwixt Zeland and Juitland Fuinen and almost joyning to the Main-land it is of a fextil Soil and pleasant scituation being in length about 12 Dutch miles and 4 in breadth It s chief places are 1. Osel or Ottonium so called from Otho the Great who founded here an Episcopal See seated in the midst of the Isle from which the other Towns are of an equal distance which renders it very commodious for Traffick it is not large having but two Churches and its Buildings are neat and ornamental enough 2. Niborg 3. Swinborg 4. Kartemunde 5. Woborg and 6. Ascens all or most of them seated on some convenient Creek or Haven FIMERA a very fertil and well peopled Isle Fimera and here it was that Tycho Brache the famous Mathematician built an Artificial Tower in which are or were many rare Mathematical Instruments its chief place is Petersborne of some importance to the King of Denmark ALSEN a small Isle appertaining to the Dukedom of Sleswick Alsen is very populous contains 13 Parishes and 4 Towns viz. Osterholme Gammelgard Norbarch and Sunderburg dignified with the residence of the Duke of Sleswick TVSINGE a very small Isle Tusinge and of
mounting towards the North Aggerhus whose chief place or Castle is so called to which these Towns following are subject 1. Opslow or Asloya dignified with an Episcopal See as also with the Courts of Judicature 2. Schou of good account for its Copper and Iron-Mines and 3. Frederickstad BERGENHVS or BERGEN whose chief place is so called Bergenhus dignified with an Episcopal See and the residence of the Governour once a famous City of Trade and one of the ancient mart-Mart-Towns of Europe yet still by reason of its scituation at the bottom of a deep Arm of the Ocean called by them Carmefunt where it hath a commodious Port is well frequented by Merchants who bring them Corn Bread Wine Beer Aquaâ—vitae and the like Commodities to supply their wants and in exchange take Stock-fish Furs Deals Firrs Cordage Pitch Masts c. TRONTHEINHVS or TRONDENHVS Trontheinhus whose chief place and Castle where the Governour resideth is so called it is dignified with the Metropolitan Archbishoprick of all Norway once a fair City as being the Seat of their Kings till the Danes became Masters of this Country who have reduced this City to a small Town WARDHVS seated beyond Cape Nort Wardhus which is the most Northern point of Europe It s chief place and Castle where the Governour resideth except during the absence of the Sun which is for about three Months in the year is so called This Town is serviceable to the King because it was the Luppians their Neighbours as also commandeth the Natives and profitable because all the Ships going to Moscovy must of necessity touch here To the Norwegian King do belong divers Lands and Isles in the Northern Sea and in America Artick the chief of which are Groenland Izland Farre c. which I shall treat of in the Description of America SWEDEN THe Estates of the Swede are all on the Baltick Sea and take up all those Regions which are on the West East and North of this Sea and is Southwards of Poland Germany and Denmark The Estates of the Swede are bounded on the West and North by the Estates of Denmark The Bounds of Sweden with its parts on the East by those of Moscovy and on the South by the Black Sea Poland and Denmark they comprehend six principal Regions viz. Sweden Lapland Gothland Finland Ingra and Livonie SWEDEN Sweden particularly so called is divided into the parts of Sueonie and Norland in both which are several Provinces which are taken notice of in the Geographical Table of Sweden It is bounded on the East with Sinus Bodicus on the West the Dofrine Hills and on the South Gothland The Country is very fruitful and delicious unless in some places occasioned by the cragginess of the Mountaine the great Marishes yet undrain'd and the vast Woods yet standing The places of most note in this part are 1. Stockholm seated in a watry Marish in part upon the Lake Meller and in part on the East Sea out of which the great Trade for Shipping to this City doth come its Port being capacious and safe which is defended by two powerful Forts as also the City by an impregnable Castle well furnished with Ammunition This City being the residence of the King as the Metropolitan City whose Palace is more renowned for its Antiquity than Magnificence makes it to be a place of a considerable Trade and well frequented 2. Vpsal seated not far from the Bay of Bodner dignified with a See of an Archbishop as also with an Vniversity and beautified with a Cathedral Church no less large than fair formerly the Burial place of the Swedish Kings 3. Nikoping a Maritim Town of good strength 4. Copordel famous for its abundance of Brass 5. Westeras or Arosia of note for its rich Mines of Silver which are exceeding profitable to the King 6. Hudwickswalde seated on the Sea or Gulph of Botnie 7. Orebrog 8. Gevala 9. Indal 10. Hernosand and 11. Torne LAPLAND is the most Northern part of Scandinavia the People are barbarous Lapland rude void of Arts or Letters great Idolaters Sarcerers and Witches for which the place is famous or rather infamous of stature they are low but strong and active expert in the Bow with which they kill their wild Beasts in hunting eating the Flesh and clothing themselves with the Skins which they tie about them to preserve them from the pinching Cold. Lapland is divided into five parts viz. Vina-Lapmarck Pita-Lapmarck Luna-Lapmark Torne-Lapmarck and Kimi-Lapmarck and these parts are but thinly beset with Towns contenting themselves with Sheds and Cabins which they remove from place to place as occasion serveth It s chief places I have set down in the Geographical Table of Sweden GOTHLAND is divided into Ostro-Gothland and Westro-Gothland that is Gothland the Land of the Eastern and Western Goths and these two parts are subdivided into several Provinces viz. Ostro-Gothland Smalandie and Oelald in the first part and Westro-Gothland Dalie and Vermeland in the other part This is the richest and best Province of the North and very fertil in Corn and Cattle in it is the famous Lake Wenir or Werett which receiving 24 Rivers disburthens it self at one Mouth and with such noise and fury that it beareth the name of the Devils-head The places of most note in Ostro-Gothland are 1. Wadstein seated on a Lake 2. Calmar on the confines of Denmark seated on the Baltick Sea a large City enjoying a good Trade having a commodious Port defended by a strong and beautiful Castle 3. Linkoping and 4. Vexio both Episcopal Sees 5. Westerwick commodiously seated on the Baltick Sea In Westro-Gothland are the places of 1. Gotheburg or Lodusia a Town of great Trade by reason of its fair and commodious Haven 2. Scara an Episcopal Sea 3. Daleburg a fair Town well fortified with a strong Castle and 4. Carolstad FINLAND hath on the East Sinus Finicus Finland on the South the Baltick Sea on the West Sinus Bodicus and on the North Bodinus The Inhabitants according to Tacitus are very barbarous and poor being destitute of Arms except Bow and Arrows Horse and Houshold-goods contenting themselves with Herbs for their food the Skins of Beasts for their clothing and the Ground for their Bed yet it is said to be very populous in Towns and Families the chief amongst which are 1. Abo seated at the bottom of the Bay of Finland which separates this Province from Livonia dignified with the See of a Bishop 2. Bienborg 3. Raumo 4. Hadhendal and 5. Castleholm in the Isle of Aland United Provinces to Finland Provinces united to Finland are 1. CAJANIE whose chief places are Vla Wassa and Cajaneborg 2. SAVOLAX whose chief place is Nislot 3. TAVASTE which hath for its chief place Tavasthus 4. NYLAND whose chief places are Borgo a place of great strength near to which within the confines of Moscovy are the two strong Frontier Towns of Viburg and Rivallia the keeping
whole Estate of the great Duke of Moscovy is of a larger extent thâ—â— any other in Europe stretching it self 5 or 600 Leagues in length and breadâ—â— reaching from the 48th degree of Latitude unto the 70th or 72 and from the 50th of Longitude unto the 100th and sometimes to the 110th Moscovy hath its Estates bounded on the East by Tartary and beyond the Rivers Volga and Oby on the South by the Caspian or Euxine Seas on the North by the Septentrional or frozen Ocean and on the West by Norway the Estates of Sweden and Poland â—ts Commodities The Commodities that this Empire yieldeth are rich Furrs of divers sorts Pot-ashes Hemp Flax Honey Wax Cables Yarn and other Cordage Feathers ' Linnen Cloth both course and fine Train-oyle Rozin Pitch Caviare Tallow Iron Salt Sea-horse Teeth Astracan-hides Tann'd-hides Rawâ—hides dried-Fish great increase of Grains with many other good Commoâ—dities here are great store of Cattle Elkes Stags Bears Wolves Venison Tigres Linxes Hares c. great plenty of Fowl and Fish common with us in England and the Earth affordeth them plenty of Fruits Roots and Herbs The Air is exceeding sharp and piercing in the Winter and subject to exâ—cessive great Frosts but what with their warm clothing with Furrs and their Stoves in their Houses they endure it well enough and as their Winteâ— is thus cold their Summer is as hot and troublesome the Sun being as it werâ— above their Horizon To the R. t honble S. r Edu Dering of Surrenden Dering in Kent Bart one of the Lords Comissioner of his Ma y Treasury This Mapp is most humbly Dedicated by Richard Brome 〈◊〉 â—APP OF THE ESTATES OF THE GREAT DUKE OF RUSSIA BLANCH OR MOSCOVIA Designed by Mouncr. â—â—â—â—â—n Geographer to the French King This Country according to some is called the Mother of Rivers Rivers amongst which the Volga the Don or Tana and the Dovine or Dwine are the most famous and especially the Volga which is the greatest and noblest in all Europe both for its course and the force of its Water running 7 or 800 Leagues and receives abundance of other Rivers Moscovy ill inhabited Moscovy for the most part is ill Inhabited and especially towards the North and East these quarters being cold full of Forests and some of their People Idolaters that which is towards Sweden and Poland is more frequented more civiliz'd and its Cities and Towns better built that which lieth towards the South and in all likelyhood should be the best is partly Mahometan and often infected by the Petit Tartars But a word or two of its People about Mosco which by reason of its being the residence of the Great Duke are supposed to be the most civiliz'd and ingenious It s People The People are naturally ingenious enough yet they addict themselves neither to Arts or Sciences but chiefly to Traffick and Husbandry in which they are very subtle they are observed to be great Liars perfidious treacherous distrustful crafty revengeful quarrelsom proud much addicted to Women and strong Drink but Tobacco is forbidden amongst them Their Houses are but mean and as ill furnished contenting themselves to lie on Matts or Straw instead of Beds they are gross feeders yet have wherewithal to feed deliciously Their habit which they seldom or never change is much the same with the ancient Greeks wearing long Robes of Cloth Sattin Silk Their Habit. Cloth of Gold or Silver which is beset with Pearls according to the quality of the person by which together with their attendance they are known and under these Robes they wear close Goats and Drawers begirting themselves with Swashes on their feet they wear Buskins and on their heads Caps instead of Hats adorned with Pearl and precious Stones which in their Salutations they move not only bow their bodies They are for the most part fat and corpulent esteeming great Bellies and long and great Beards for a comliness the Women though indifferent handsom yet make use of Paint In the performance of their Nuptial Rites they use many Ceremonies which are largely treated of by Adam Olearius in his Book entituled the Ambassadours Travels into Moscovy and Persin whose description I shall make use of wherein he saith That young Men and Maids being debarr'd the Society of each other Maidens not being allowed the freedom of the Street or society with Men Their Ceremonies in Marriage it happens that no Marriages are made but by the consent of the Parents and the bargain being agreed on by them the Wedding-day is appointed the Night before which the young Man makes his never yet seen Bride a Present according to their Qualities He saith further that there are two Women appointed by them who are to take order for the making the Nuptial Bed c. which is made upon about 40 sheaves of Rye which are encompassed with a great many Barrels of Wheat and other Grains All things being made ready the Bridegroom late in the Evening goes to the Brides accompanied with his Friends and Relations together with the Priest who is to marry them riding before them and being received in are brought to a Table where three Dishes of Meat are brought but none eats thereof then after some Ceremonies the Bride is brought in richly clad in a sitting dress for that Solemnity by the said Women who places her by the Bridegroom and to prevent their seeing one another besides the Vaâ—l over the Brides face they are parted by a piece of crimson Tassety which is held by two Youths which done the said Woman ties up her Hair in two knots paints her puts a Crown neatly made and gilded on her head and habits her like a married Woman the other Woman chosen by them paints the Bridegroom and whilst this is doing the Women get up on Benches and sing several Songs then after several ridiculous Ceremonies they go to the Church and before the Priest gives them the Benediction he carries them to the Offering which consists of fryed Meats Fish and Pastry the Benediction is given by holding Images over their heads and the Priest taking the Bridegroom by the right hand and the Bride by the left and asks them three times if they will love one another as Man and Wife ought and whether it be by their consent to which both answer Yes then all the People joyn hands and dance whilst they and the Priest sing the 128 Psalm which ended he puts a Garland of Rue about their heads saying Increase and multiply and then consummating the Marriage saith Whom God hath joyned together let no man separate which being pronounced several Wax-Candles are lighted and the Priest is presented with a Glass of Claret and being pledg'd by the Married couple he throws down the Glass and he and the Bride tread it under their feet saying May they thus fall at our feet and be trodden to pieces who shall endeavour to sow discontent betwixt us Then after
him to instruct the Child to have a devotion to his Saint Ecclesiastical Government Their Ecclesiastical Government consists of a Patriarch which is the Head of the Church and as it were Pope who hath under him several Metropolitans Archbishops Bishops Arch-Deacons Proto-Popes and Priests The Grand Duke of Moscovy is absolute Lord both of the Lives and Estates of his Subjects whom he treats little better than Slaves his chiefest aim being for what he can get more than the good and welfare of his People being not subject to Laws but makes what seemeth good unto him which though never so tyrannical are strictly obeyed yet he will seem to take advice of his Knez and Bojares who are as his Privy Council His Revenues and Riches cannot but be great from the several ways from which he raiseth it as by Illegal Taxes Customes his Lands and what he taketh from his Subjects at pleasure He is apparelled like a King and a Bishop wearing with the Royal Robes a Miter and a Crosiers-Staff and observeth a great deal of state and grandure The Estates of MOSCOVY comprehend 3 Kingdoms about 30 Dutchies or Provinces and about 20 People or Nations who live by hoords or Communalties all which I have taken notice of in the Geographical Table of Moscovy The Country is not so populous as spacious nor very well frequented by Strangers so that I cannot give so good account thereof as otherwise I would of which in order Province of Dwina DWINA a Province of a large extent but very barren hath for its chief places Dwina seated on the River so called which falls into the Northern Ocean and on the Mouth of the said River on the Sea-shoar is seated the City of St. Michael commonly called Arch-Angel a place of note for its great Trade and much resorted unto by the English PLESKOW Pleskow a large Province whose chief place is so called being large and fain and the only walled City in the Empire a place of great strength very populous and dignified with an Episcopal See NOVOGRODECK Novogrodeck very Northernly seated a Province also of a large extent whose chief place is so called seated on the River Naf dignified with and Episcopal See a City which for fairness and largness might once compare with any in Russia being formerly one of the mart-Mart-Towns of Europe which is now removed to St. Nicholas a Port-Town more convenient for the Moscovian Trade CARGAPOL WOLOGDA and BIELEZERO whose chief places bear their names are Provinces of this Dukedom Province of Moscovia MOSCOVIA is one of the largest Provinces in all Russia and seated in the midst of this large Estate so called from Mosco its Metropolitan City seated on a River so called dignified with the Imperial Seat as also with the See of the Patriarch This City before its firing by the Tartars was 9 or 10 miles in circuit but now not above half the compass it is very populous and hath for Divine worship 16 Churches of which about half are made of Wood and Dirt as are most of the Houses The Palace of the Great Duke is seated in the heart of the City a large Structure well fortified with 17 Turrets and 3 great Bulwarks which are always guarded with about 25000 Souldiers which with two Castles seated in the outward parts of this City is its only defence being without a Wall or Ditch WOLODOMIRE is a Dutchy very fertil in Corn Wolodimire its chief City being so called once dignified with the residence of the Great Duke till removed to Mosco from which it is distant 36 Leagues now dignified with an Episcopal See T WER is a fair T wer fertil and populous Province washed by the Volga its chief place is so called dignified with the See of a Bishop which for beauty and largness may compare with Mosco from which it is distant about 140 miles RESCHOWA Reschowa a Dutchy Bielski which takes its name from its chief City as doth the Dutchy of BIELSKI from Biela REZAN is a Dutchy so fertil that its fellow cannot be found in all these parts yielding Corn to admiration Rezan it s chief City also hears the same name which is seated on the River Occa dignified with an Episcopal See WOROTIN Worotin a Province also so called from its chief City seated on the said River Occa and defended by a strong Castle PERMSKI Permski a Province of a large extent its chief City is so called seated on the River Vischora WIATKA Wiatka a barren and woody Country and much pester'd with the Incursions of the Crim Tartars its chief place being so called PETZORA is a Province fenced on all sides by losty Mountains and Rocks Petzora its chief place takes the name of the Province seated on a River so called near its fall into the Sea and on these Mountains are found excellent Hawks and Sables which bring some profit to the Inhabitants Other Provinces INHORSKI CONDORA OVSTIOVGA SVSDAL ROSTHOW and JAROSLAV are Provinces of this Dukedom Towards the South Cason and about the Don and the Volga are several Cities People and Fortresses as are mentioned in the Geographical Table as are several Provinces or Estates upon and beyond the River Oby Besides these Provinces the Grand Duke holds at present towards Asia the Kingdoms of Casan Bulgaria and Astracan CASAN is a Kingdom in Tartaria Deserta Bulgaria whose chief place is so called seated on the Volga now dignified with the See of a Bishop is in the Kingdom of BVLGARIA whose chief place is so called ASTRACAN lieth on the Volga Astracan whose chief place is so called enjoyeth a good Trade especially by the Armenians by reason of its commodious scituation on the branches of the Volga about 20 Italian miles from the Caspian Sea The ISLES of GREAT BRITAIN with the Territorles thereto belonging are those of GREAT BRITAIN where are at this day two Kingdoms and one Principallty to wit The Kingdom of ENGLAND which according to the SAXON HEPTARCHY hath had Seven Kingdoms viz. Kingdom of KENT Canterbury Rochester Kingdom of SOUTH SAXONS Southwards Chichester Winchelsey Kingdom of EAST ANGLES Norwich Ipswich Cambridge Ely Kingdom of EAST SAXONS Colchester London Kingdom of WEST SAXONS Exeter Bristol Rath Salisbury Southampton Dorchester Kingdom of NORTHUMDERS York Lancaster Durham Carlifle Barwick Kingdom of MERCIA Leicester Lincoin Nortingham Darby Oxford Gloucester Worcester Leichfield Chester Hereford The Principallty of WALES as it was divided into SOUTH WALES Brecknock Cardigan Cardiff Monmouth NORTH WALES Flint Denbigh Carnarvan Mongomary The Kingdom of SCOTLAND which hath once had the Kingdoms of the SCOTS beyond the Tay Cromartly Eigin Aberdone Perch Dunkeldon PICTS on this side the Tay Dunslafag Dunkirton St. Andrews Dunblain Sterling Edinburgh Glasco IRELAND or The Kingdom of IRELAND with its Provinces which were formerly so many Kingdoms viz. ULSTER Donegal Dungannon Armagh Tredagh MUNSTER Cassile Lymerick Kinsale Corke
accommodation of its Inhabitants is traded unto by 8 Market Towns Cambridge seated in an Air somewhat unhealthful Cambridge occasioned through the Fenny-grounds near adjoyning and on the River Cam or Grant navigable for Barges which separates it into two but unequal parts which are joyned together by a Bridge 'T is a place of great antiquity being said to derive its name from Cantabar a Spaniard who about 375 years before the Incarnation of Christ had there setled the Muses Seat but more certain it is that Sigilbert the first Christian King of the East Saxons established here several Schools and of no less fame for its University or Seminary of true Learning which is its chiefest ornament being adorned with 16 Colledges and Halls many of which are superb Buildings and by reason of these Seminaries it is a place of a large extent numbring 14 Parish Churches is beautified with well built Houses its Streets are paved and well ordered is well inhabited enjoyeth a good Trade and its Market on Saturdays is sufficiently furnished with Provisions which are had at easie rates It is a Town Corporate endowed with ample Immunities and sendeth 4 Burgesses to Parliament viz. two for the Vniversity and two for the Town Nigh unto Cambridge Southwards are Gogmagog-Hills which are of a great eminency and yet retain the remembrance of the Danish Station and of these Hills the Country people tell fine stories Ely seated in a fenny and waterish place and on the banks of the Owse Ely which rendreth it very unhealthful it is a City of more antiquity than beauty being but meanly built nor overmuch frequented or inhabited and would be far less were it not for being the See of a Bishop whose Palace is so ruinous that it is uninhabitable but its Cathedral or Minister is a lofty structure and beautified with a stately Lenthorn of curious Architecture It is a City that enjoyeth ample Immunities for in the Isle of Ely the Bishop hath all the rights of a Count Palatine and beareth chief sway therein appointing a Judge for the hearing of Causes within the said Isle he also holdeth Assizes Goal-delivery and Quarter-Sessions of the Peace and hath his chief Bayliff and other Officers and although the City is but meanly inhabited yet its Market on Saturdays is well served with Provisions New-Market New-Market seated part in this County and part in Suffolk and in a large and pleasant Heath so called a place of some largness containing two Parish Churches and is well inhabited and much resorred unto by the Gentry by reason of its commodious scituation for Horse-races and Hunting being both Recreations that his Majesty taketh so great delight in that he hath there his Palace for his reception which adds no small advantage to the Town often honouring it with his Royal presence It s Market is on Tuesdays which is not very considerable by reason of its vicinity to Bury and Cambridge Caxton seated in the Clay and on the North-road a small Town Caxton and hath a little Market on Tuesdays Royston seated on the high Road to Huntington in a bottom amongst Hills Royston and part in this County and part in Hartfordshire It is a large well inhabited Town and hath a considerable Market on Wednesdays for Provisions especially for Mault here and in parts adjacent made in great quantities Cheshire described CHESHIRE a County Palatine of a rich and fertil Soil both for Tillage and Pasturage feeding abundance of Cattle and affording plenty of Corn Fish especially Salmon Fowl Butter Cheese and Salt which is their staple commodity and here had in great plenty and out of the Rocks and Quarries broad Slates and fair Stones for building are dug as are Mill-stones out of Moucop-Hill It is well furnished with Timber and Fuel from its Woods and Forests of Delamer and Maxfield is plentifully watered with Rivers Meers and Pools hath several Heaths and Mosses The ancient People were the Cornavii of Ptolomy and afterwards became part of the Kingdom of the Mercians In this County are seated 86 Parish Churches besides 38 Chappels of Ease and hath Traffick with 13 Market Towns Chester Chester or West-Chester a City of great antiquity said to be raised from the Fort of Ostorius Lieutenant of Britain for Claudius the Emperour and of a pleasant scituation on the Dee over which it hath a fair Stone-bridge sustained by eight Arches at each end of which is a Gate but the Channel is now so choaked up with Sand that it is scarce navigable for small Vessels so that all Ships now come to a place called New-Key about 6 miles distant It s form is Quadrangular and taketh up about two miles in circuit within its Wall on which are 7 Watch-Towers and which gives entrance by 4 Gates and 3 Posterns and of these Gates the East-Cate is esteemed one of the stateliest Gates in England For its further defence it hath a large Castle seated on a Rocky Hill where the Shire Hall is which something resembleth that of Westminster where all matters concerning the County Palatine are tried by their peculiar Officers The City is large numbring to Parish Churches beside its Minster or Cathedral a large structure adjoyning to which is the Bishops Palace it is beautified with divers fair Buildings both publick and private is graced with large and well ordered Streets is well frequented and inhabited by Gentry and Assizes are kept as also for being the usual place of taking Shippipng for Ireland with which it hath a great intercourse and hath a considerable Trade It is governed by a Major 2 Sheriffs 24 Aldermen a Recorder and Sub-Officers enjoyeth ample Immunities and sendeth Burgesses to Parliament which no other Town in the County doth It is well served with Provisions for besides its Shambles it hath two considerable Markers weekly on Wednesdays and Saturdays Not far from this City is the Forest of Delamer where Aedested the Mercian Lady built a small City long since reduced to ruins which place is now called The Chamber in the Forest Nantwich Nantwich seated on the Wever the largest and best built Town next to Chester in the Country and is graced with a goodly spacious Church It is a place well inhabited and frequented chiefly occasioned for its Salt-pits or Salt-wich for the making of white Salt here had in great plenty and its Market which is on Saturdays is sufficiently provided with all Provisions and necessaries especially Corn and Cattle Malpas Malpas scituate on a great eminency and on the River Dee a fair Town containing 3 Streets which are paved and well ordered it hath an Hospital and Grammar School and its Market on Mondays is of good account Middlewich Middlewich seated between Nantwich and Northwich a large Town containing several Streets and Lanes its chief place being called the Kings-Mexon The Town is of note for its Salt-pits and making of Salt and hath a good Market for Provisions on
Derwent which River severeth the County into East and West and it is observed that on the East-side Coal is generally dug and on the West Lead The Inhabitants were the Coritani of the Romans and was afterwards part of the Kingdom of the Mercians It is severed into 6 Hundreds and contains 106 Parish Churches besides several Chappels of Ease and is traded unto by 9 Market Towns Derby Derby well seated on the Derwent over which it hath a goodly Stone-bridge a Town of good Antiquity and is at present a very large populous well frequented and rich Borough Town numbring 5 Parish Churches of which All-Saints which is the chief is a curious structure and beautified within with several Monuments It is a Borough Town electing Parliament men is honoured with the Title of an Earldom enjoyeth ample Immunities is governed by a Major 9 Aldermen 14 Brethren 14 Common-Council a Recorder Town-Clerk c. is well traded unto especially for Barley which they make into Mault which finds good vent and its Market which is on Fridays is very considerable for Cattle Corn and all sorts of Provisions besides a small Market on Wednesdays and Saturdays Here is lately built a fair Hall of Free-stone aâ— the Counties charge where the Assizes are constantly kept Chesterfield Chesterfield pleasantly seated between two small Rivers and in a good Soil a Borough Town of great antiquity is dignified with an Earldom enjoyeth large Immunities is governed by a Major 6 Aldermen a Recorder 6 Brethren 1â— Counsellors c. and hath weekly two Markets on Tuesdays and Saturdays which are very considerable for Corn Lead and most Country Commodities Wicksworth seated in a Valley a pretty large and populous Town beautified with a fair Church Wicksworth hath a Free-School and Alms-houses and its Market on Tuesdays is well served with Provisions and Apples especially for Lead where the Merchants have their meetings for the Sale thereof Bakewill Bakewill seated amongst Hills and on the banks of the Wye an indifferent large Town and hath a good Market on Mondays for Lead and Provisions In the Peak Forest is a Well that obbâ— and flows 4 times in one hour keeping its exact Tides At Buxton out of a Rock in 24 foot compass 9 Springs arise of which 8 are warm and one cold and the Waters are found very good to bath in and for the Stomach And in this County is Eldenhole being a Cave worthy of note Devonshire described DEVONSHIRE of a sharp and healthful Air very hilly and generally of an ungrateful Soil without great pains and charges in manuring it yet is it not without many fertil Valleys and its sterility is recompenced by the rich Mines of Tin and Lead as also by the great plenty of Herrings Pilchers and other Fish taken on its Sen-Coast from which the Inhabitants reap good profit which with its Clothings Saerges and Bone-lace are the chief Commodities of the County The ancient Inhabitants were the Dannionii and was afterwards part of the Kingdom of the West-Saxons It is very well watered with fresh Streams as the Ex Tamar Tave Tawe Pline Dart Turridge Tinge Plime Culme and Ottery which are found very advantagious to the Inhabitants It is divided into 33 Hundreds in which are 394 Parishes and for the accommodation of its Inhabitants hath about 30 Market Towns Exeter a fair sweet and well compacted City of great Antiquity Exeter and no less pleasantly than commodiously seated on the top of an easie Ascent and on the Ex whence it took its name over which it hath a fair Stone-bridge 'T is a place of a good largeness containing within its Wall and Ditches about a mile and half in circuit in which and in its Suburbs which are large are numbred 15 Parish Churches besides its Cathedral or Minster founded by King Aethelstan a fair and beautiful structure It enjoyeth a considerable Trade being much inhabited and resorted unto by Merchants and Tradesmen having several Ships and Vessels belonging unto them and is in a flourishing condition enjoying ample Immunities sendeth Burgesses to Parliament is honoured with the Title of an Earldom is governed by a Major 24 Aldermen or Brethren a Recorder and other sub-Officers and hath two very considerable Markets weekly viz. on Wednesdays and Fridays for Provisions and Searges in great abundance Plymouth seated on the Plime and near the Tamer Plymouth at both their Influxes into the Sea which from a poor Fishing-Village is become a very fair large well inhabited and frequented Town resembling rather a City than a Town although it hath but two Parish Churches 't is a place of great importance by reason of its commodious Haven and excellent Port which doth occasion it to be so well resorted unto by most Ships both outward and inward bound and is of great strength as well by Nature as Art being defended by a strong Fort a Cittadel and other Fortifications It is a Borough and Town Corporate governed by a Major Aldermen and Common Council hath the election of Parliament men enjoyeth a great Trade for most Commodities and its Markets on Mondays and Thursdays are extraordinary well served with all sorts of Provisions as also have living Cattle Dertmouth seated on the Dent near its fall into the Sea Dertmouth where it hath a commodious Haven a large well inhabited frequented and traded Port-Town containing 3 Parish Churches and its Market on Fridays is very well served with Provisions 'T is an ancient Town Corporate is governed by a Major and his Brethren and amongst its Immunities sendeth Burgesses to Parliament Totnes seated on the Dert and on the descent of a Hill Totnes a Town of great antiquity and of greater account than now it is yet doth it retain several of its Immunities sendeth Burgesses to Parliament and is governed by a Major and his Brethren The Town is large and hath a very great Market on Saturdays for all live Cattle Corn Mault and Provisions both Flesh and Fish Ashburton seated in a rich Soil under the Moor a large Borough Town Ashburton composed of several Streets is beautified with a fair Church electeth Parliament men and hath a very good Market for Corn Cattle Sheep and Provisions on Saturdays Okehampton seated betwixt the River Okement and a branch thereof Okehampton a Borough Town which electeth Parliament men is governed by a Major Burgesses Recorder and sub-Officers and hath a very good Market for Corn Provisions and Yarn on Saturdays Bediford Bediford commodiously seated for the reception of Vessels on the Towridge over which it hath a large Stone-bridge of Arched-work consisting of 24 Peers 'T is a large well inhabited and traded Town and its Market on Tuesdays is well served with Corn and Provisions Barnstable Barnstable commodiously seated on the Tawe over which it hath a large Stone-bridge 'T is a fine Borough Town which electeth Parliament men is a place of some Trade and hath
very large yet hath it for Divine worship 12 Parish Churches besides its Abby or Cathedral dedicated to St. Peter a fair and beautiful building consisting of a continued Window-work and hath large Cloysters and an excellent Whispering-place It is also beautified with a handsom Colledge and many neat Buildings being a place well inhabited and frequented enjoying a good Trade and its Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays are well furnished with all Provisions and very great for Corn and Cattle This City is the See of a Bishop to which belongs a Dean and 6 Prebends 't is a County within it self enjoyeth large Immunities sendeth Burgesses to Parliament and is governed by a Major 2 Sheriffs 12 Aldermen a Recorder with other sub-Officers Circester Circester seated on the Churn over which it hath a Bridge and in the Woulds very commodious for Mills 'T was a City once large and of great account in the time of the Romans at present it is a good Borough Town enjoying large Priviledges and sendeth Burgesses to Parliament and hath weekly two considerable Markets on Mondays chiefly for Corn and on Fridays for Wool Yarn and Provisions Tewksbury commodiously seated on and between 3 Rivers Tewksbury the Severne Avon and Swilyat over which are as many Bridges a fair large well inhabited and frequented Borough and Town Corporate electing Parliament men of good account for making of Woollen-cloth and for the best Mustard in England and hath a very good Market on Saturdays for Corn Cattle and Provisions Stroud seated on a River so called over which it hath a Bridge Stroud and on the banks of the said River are placed abundance of Fulling-Mills It is a well built Town which is of chief note for making and dying of Cloths and especially for good Scarlets and hath a good Market on Fridays for Provisions and Yarn Tedbury an indifferent good Town beautified with a fair Market-house Tedbury and its Market on Wednesdays for Corn Cattle Cheese Mault Tarn Wool Provisions and other Country Commodities is esteemed one of the best in these parts Barkley a place of good antiquity honoured with a Barony Barkley and gives title to the Right Honourable Lord Berkley c. It is seated on a branch of the Severne and hath an indifferent Market on Tuesdays Dursley seated on or near a branch of the Severne a good Town Dursley much inhabited by Clothiers and hath a small Market on Thursdays Chipping-Sodbury seated in a bottom of the Downs and in the Road Chipping-Sodbury an indifferent good Borough Town which hath a very great Market for Cheese on Thursdays and is also well served with Corn and Provisions Hantshire described HANTSHIRE of a fertil Soil for Corn hath rich Pastures which feed store of Cattle is well clothed with Wood affordeth plenty of Iron which is here wrought from the Mines also excellent Hony and of their Wool they make abundance of Cloths and Kersies It s Southern parts are washed with the Sea and by reason of its of its several good Ports and Havens it is well resorted and traded unto affording most Transmarine Commodities The ancient Inhabitants known to the Romans were the Segoutians in the North part and the Belgae and the Regni in the South In this County is New-Forest about 30 miles in compass and a place which affordeth great variety of Game within this tract of ground was formerly 36 Parish Churches which with the Houses thereto belonging were pulled down by command of William the Conquerour that it might be a place for wild Beasts to harbour in It is severed into 40 Hundreds wherein are seated 253 Parish Churches and is traded unto by 18 Market Towns besides those in the Isle of Wight being part of this County which I shall anon treat of Winchester Winchester a City of great antiquity and famous in the time of the Romans Saxons and Normans it being the Sepulchre of divers of their Kings and Queens and was of note in the time of the Romans for making the rich Embroideries for their Emperours It is a place pleasantly seated in a Valley betwixt Hills and on the banks of a delightful River which after about 10 miles course falleth into an Arm of the Sea on which Southampton is seated It is a fair City of about a mile and a half in circuit within its Walls which gives entrance unto its Suburbs by 4 Gates for Divine worship it hath five Parish Churches besides its Cathedral dedicated to the Holy Trinity a large and beautiful structure It is garnished with good Buildings amongst which are the Bishops Palate the Prebends houses and the Town-Hall where the Assizes and Sessions for the County are kept It is a place well inhabited and frequented and its Markets which are on Wednesdays and Saturdays are well provided with all sorts of Provisions especially that on Saturdays It enjoyeth several Immunities and sendeth Burgesses to Parliament Without the City in the Suburbs is a fair Colledge bearing the name of the City having a Warden Masters and an Vsher and is undowed with a liberal Mantenance Near unto this City pleasantly seated on a fair River is St. Crosses Hospital for the relief of 12 Poor men called Brothers having a Master Steward and sub-Officers and according to the Institution of the House Bread and Drink is given to all Travellers that will require the same Southampton Southampton commodiously seated on an Arm of the Sea capable to receive Ships of a considerable burthen to its Keys which are fair and very convenient for the lading and unlading of Goods by reason of which it is a place well inhabited by Merchants and Shopkeepers who drive a good Trade It is a large Town numbring 5 Parish Churches besides its Hospital called Gods-house It is garnished with well built Houses and is fenced about with a double Ditch and Walls which gives entrance by 7 Gates It is a Town and County of it self governed by a Major Bailiffs and Burgesses enjoyeth large Immunities sendeth Burgesses to Parliament is dignified with the title of an Earldom and its Markets on Tuesdays and Thursdays are not very great except for Provisions Portsmouth Portsmouth at present one of the best Garrisons and Sea-port Towns in England by reason of its commodious scituation which makes it to be exceedingly resorted unto by Shipping and is one of the usual stations for the Navy Royal where his Majesty hath his Store-houses and Docks for the building and equipping his Ships which adds no small benefit to the Town which is large well built very populous enjoyeth a good Trade is well provided with all necessaries and its Markets on Thursdays and Saturdays are very considerable for Provisions This Town is seated in the Isle of Porsey so made by the Sea and its two Arms which are joyned by a River It is a Town Corporate sendeth Burgesses to Parliament and being a place of such concernment is exceedingly fortified
with two Castles and other Fortifications Here they make Salt of the Salt-water Basingstoke seated on the Road Basingstoke a great thorough-fare Town for the Western partt It is a Town Corporate governed by a Major 7 Aldermen as many Burgesses a high Steward a Recorder c. and the Market on Wednesdays is very good for Corn especially Barley Silchester a place of great antiquity and of a large extent Silchester said to be the ancient City Vindonum built by Constantius Son of Constantine the Great and before it was destroyed by the Danes was of a large extent Here the warlike Arthur was Crowned The Isle of WIGHT part of Hantshire Isle of wight of which it may part for from Hurst Castle which is seated on a Languet of Land which runneth forth into the Sea it is not above a mile to the Western part of this Isle and from Portsmouth not above six And its Southern part lieth opposite to France from which it is distant about 35 Leagues The form of this Isle is long being about 20 miles in length and where broadest 12 and hath about 60 miles of Sea-Coast It is blest with a healthful Air and is of a fertil Soil both for Corn and Pasture and hath plenty of Conies Hares Partridges Sea-fowl and other Game and for excellent Fish may compare with any Country whatsoever nor is it wanting in any thing either for pleasure or profit except Wood and that they are supplied with from Hantshire It is a place of great strength as well by Nature as Art for besides its Castles Block-houses Forts and Militia it is fenced about with a ridge of craggy Rocks and Cliffs with dangerous Banks amongst which those of most note to Sea-men are the Needles Shigles Brambles the Mixon c. It is very populous and garnished with 36 Parish Churches and hath for its chief places Newport a large populous and well frequented Major Town Newport which hath the election of Parliament men is dignified with the title of an Earldom and at present the only Market Town in the Isle which is here kept on Wednesdays and Saturdays both very considerable for Provisions Corn Cattle and other Commodities It is seated within 4 miles of the Sea and on a navigable Creek for small Vessels to the Key which doth much facilitate its Trade Yarmouth a fair Borough Town which electeth Parlament men Yarmouth and had formerly a Market is beautified with well built Houses which for the most part are of Free-stone and covered with Slate It s scituation is in the Western part of the Isle on the Sea-shoar with which and its Arms it is now encompassed and hath 3 strong Fortifications raised with a Draw-Bridge and the West end is defended by a powerful Castle on the Key The Cows seated at the entring in of the Creek that goeth to Newport a place very eminent for the harbouring of Ships About this Isle are several other small ones or rather Rocks as those called the Black-Rock the Mixon the Don Moss Challorne Goss Warden Atherfield and Chalk-Rocks and on the North part between it and Portsmouth as dangerous Sands as the Brambles the Horse and Nomans Lands Hartfordshire described HARTFORDSHIRE blest with a wholsom Air and for the generality is of an indifferent fertil Soil for Grain affording good store of Wheat and Barley of which they make Mault especially in the Vale of Ringtail or Ringdale and hath plenty of Meadows and Pastures which feed store of Cattle but of its own nature it is apt to bear Wood and Copses It is well stored with Parks and hath many pleasant and ancient Seats of Gentry commonly called Beryes that is Mannor-Houses Court-Houses or Halls It is well watered with Rivers the chief amongst which are the Lea Stower Stratford Redburne Flamsted Colne c. The ancient Inhabitants known to the Romans were the Trinobantes and the Cattieuchlamans and became afterwards part of the East Saxons It is severed into 8 Hundreds in which are seated 120 Parish Churches besides 15 Chappels of Ease and is traded unto by 18 Market Towns most of which are of good account Hartford Hartford seated on the Lea said to be formerly navigable once a place of a larger extent and of more beauty strength and esteem than now it is yet is it the Shire Town where the County Goal is kept and as a Borough Town electeth Parliament men It is governed by a Major 9 Burgesses 16 Assistants a high-Steward who is always a Noble-man a Steward of the Court of Records and other sub-Officers and hath a Market on Saturdays which is well frequented and served with Commodities St. Albans St. Albans seated on the Colne a Town of great antiquity being raised from the ruins of that famous City Verulam so splendid in the time of the Romans as may appear by the Pillars Pavements Arched-Vaults Idols and Coins oft digged up at which time it enjoyed ample Priviledges and Immunities many of which it yet keepeth being dignified with the Title of an Earldom and as a Borough Town electeth Parliament men For its chief Magistrates hath a Major 10 Aldermen a Steward and Chamberlain It is a fair large well inhabited and frequented thorough-fare Town divided into four Wards for Divine worship hath 3 Parish Churches in one of which was if not is a Font of solid Brass brought out of Scotland which was there made use of for the baptizing the Scottish Kings Children and hath a Market on Saturdays which is well served with Commodities c. Barnet Barnet or high Barnet a large dry and pleasant Town highly seated and on the Road a place of some account for its Medicinal-waters as also for its Swine-Market on Mondays which makes it to be well frequented and to be well accommodated with Inns. here was fought a bloody Battle between the Competitors of the Houses of York and Lancaster on Easter-day in which Edward the Fourth became Victor Watford Watford seated on the Colne a large and well inhabited Town whose Market on Tuesdays is well frequented affording all necessaries especially Corn in great plenty Not far from Watford is Langley Abby where was born Nicholas Surnamed Break-Spear who was afterwards Bishop of Rome and called Pope Hadrian the 4th He taught the Norwegians the Christian Faith he was of so proud a Spirit that he had his Stirup held by Frederick the Roman Emperour Berkhamsted hath a fair Free School Berkhamsted and a pretty good Market on Mondays chiefly for Mault And here it was that the English Nobles met in Council for the shaking off the Normans Yoke Hatfield Hatfield a place of great delight and recreation by reason of its Parks and other places of pleasure once dignified with a Royal-house of the Kings which now belongeth to the Earl of Salisbury it hath a Market on Thursdays Ware Ware a large well frequented and inhabited thorough-fare Town seated on the
Lea hath a Market on Tuesdays which is well provided with Commodities a place well known to many for its great Bed Stratford Stratford or Bishops-Stratford seated on the side of a Hill a very large fair and well inhabited and frequented Market Town full of Inns for the giving entertainment to Strangers and its Market on Thursdays is very well resorted unto and provided with Provisions and most Country Commodities Here are the ruins of a Castle raised on an artificial Mount within which is a deep and dark Dungeon called the Convicts Prison by which it may be supposed that some great Priviledges did belong unto it Baldock Baldock a considerable large Town seated between the Hills in a Chalky Soil fit for Corn of chief note for its many Maulsters yet its Market on Thursdays is but small Royston a famous Market Town Royston which is kept on Wednesdays for Corn and Mault here made being seated in a fat Soil and between Hills in a bottom The Town is large well inhabited and full of Inns part being in this County and part in Cambridgeshire Herefordshire described HEREFORDSHIRE a County every where exceeding fertil having great plenty of Grains and rich Pastures which feed store of Cattle especially Sheep whose Wool is much esteemed for its finess and for Wheat Wool and Water it yieldeth to no County in England It is well clothed with Wood and watered with Rivers the chief amongst which are the Wye Munow Wades Doive Lugg Froom c. All Fruits here grow in great plenty and of their Apples they make such abundance of Sider that besides what they use themselves it being their general drink of late years it is become a considerable Commodity especially that which is called Red-streak It s ancient Inhabitants were the Silures a stout and warlike People who sorely perplexed the Romans for 9 years space through the valour and noble exploits of their Commander Charactacus and became afterwards part of the Kingdom of the Mercians It is divided into 11 Hundreds in which are numbred 176 Parish Churches and hath Traffick with 8 Market Towns Hereford Hereford a City of great antiquity and raised out of the ancient Arconium now called Kenchester about 3 miles distant a place of good account in the time of the Romans and so continued until it was shaken to pieces by a violent Earthquake It is no less pleasantly than commodiously seated amongst delightful Meadows and rich Corn-fields and almost encompassed with Rivers to wit the Wye and two others over which are two Bridges It is of a large place beautified with good Buildings both publick and private amongst which are the Bishops Palace the Colledge the Cathedral the Prebends houses and Hospital and numbreth 6 Parish Churches two of which in the late Troubles were demolished besides its Cathedral to which belongeth a Bishop Dean Chancellor 6 Canons 27 Prebends with a Chanter Treasurer 12 Vicars Choral besides Deacons Queristers and other Attendants This City enjoyeth large Immunities sendeth Burgesses to Parliament is governed by a Major 6 Aldermen a Common Council Recorder and other sub-Officers and is very well served with Commodities having weekly 3 Markets on Wednesdays Fridays and Saturdays which are of considerable account that on Fridays for Cattle Sheep and Hogs and the other for Grain and all sorts of Provisions besides Gloves here made and sold in great quantities Near to this City is Gilden Vale so called from the fertility of the Soil and pleasant scituation Ross Ross seated in a fertil Soil on the banks of the Wye a fair Borough Town which hath a very great Market on Thursdays for Corn Cattle and Provisions being much resorted unto by the Inhabitants of Gloucestershire and Monmouthshire Lidbury Lidbury near adjoyning to Malvern Hills a fine well built Town seated in a rich Clayey-ground much inhabited by Clothiers who drive a good Trade and its Market on Tuesdays is well served with Corn Cattle and Provisions Lemster a large ancient and pleasant Town Lemster seated in a rich Soil and on the Lugg which runneth through it over which are several Bridges It is governed by a Bayliff a Recorder Justices of the Peace and 24 of the Chamber or Common Council it sendeth Burgesses to Parliament and hath a very good Market on Fridays for Corn Cattle Sheep Provisions Hops and Wool for which this Town is of note it being called Lemster-Ore Kyneton also seated on the Arrow a pretty large and well built Town Kyneton whose Inhabitants drive a good Trade for narrow Cloths It s Market on Wednesdays for Corn Cattle Provisions and several Country Commodities is esteemed the best in the County County of Huntington described HVNTINGTONSHIRE a County for the generality of a fertil Soil both for Corn and Tillage garnished with delightful Hills and towards the East where it joyneth on the Fens it hath rich Pasturage which feed store of Cattle It is well watered with Rivers the chief amongst which is the Ouse which divideth it self into several streams It is severed into 4 Hundreds in which are seated 79 Parish Churches and is traded unto by 5 Market Towns Huntington Huntington pleasantly seated on a rising Ascent and on the North-banks of the Owse over which it hath a fair Stone-bridge which leadeth to Godmanchester on the other side of the Owse a very large County and ancient Borough Town seated in a rich Soil and well inhabited by Yeomen and Farmers It is a Town of great antiquity was once very populous numbring no less than 15 Parish Churches which are now reduced to 4 and enjoyed great Immunities and had a Mint for Coynage At present it is dignified with the title of an Earldom sendeth Burgesses to Parliament is governed by a Major 12 Aldermen of which the Major is one and Burgesses is well inhabited and frequented and the rather as being a thorough-fate Town from London Cambridge and other Southern parts of England into the North and into Scotland and also for being the place where the Assizes are kept for the County and its Market on Saturdays is very well served with Provisions St. Ives St. Ives so called from one Ivo a Persian Bishop who 't is said about the year 600 travelled through England preaching the Gospel and here ended his days and his Body was from hence removed to Ramsey Abbey a fair large and ancient Town seated on the Owse over which it hath a very good Stone-bridge hath a Market on Mondays which is well served with Provisions and is of chief note for living Cattel St. Neots so called from Neotus St. Neots a Monk of Glastenbury a large and well built Town beautified with a neat Church is commodiously seated on the Owse over which it hath a fair Stone-bridge which leadeth to Bedfordshire It s Market is on Thursdays which is well served with Provisions and through the commodiousness of the Owse the Neighbouring Towns are
from hence furnished with Coals Ramsey Ramsey seated in the Fenny part amongst rich grounds both for Tillage and Pasturage and near the Meers of Ramsey and Whitlesey which with the Rivers that plentifully water it afford excellent Fish and wild Fowl in great plenty It is a good Country Town which was held in great esteem for its rich Abby so called and its Market on Wednesdays is well frequented County of Kent described KENT a County of a large extent and although very hilly for the generality is of a rich and fertil Soil both for Corn and Pasture and is well stored with Cattle Fish Fowl and Fruits The Air is temperate and good except in the Weald and Marshes which are Aguish It is well watered with Rivers many of which are Navigable as the Thames which washes its Northern parts the Medway which in a manner divideth the Shire in the midst and is the station for his Majesties Navy Royal which said River loseth it self under ground and riseth again near Cox-heath besides 10 others of considerable account which opening with several Creeks and Havens are found commodious for Ships to ride in of which four bear the name of Cinque Ports viz. Dover Sandwich Rumney and Hith and on the banks of these Rivers which are crossed by divers Bridges are seated several good Towns This County boasteth it self for being the first Kingdom of the Heptarchy of having a particular King to it self that it was never subdued but yielded upon Articles to the Normans and to keep their ancient Customs That their Kings and Commons amongst all the Saxons were the first Christians This County is enriched with two Cities and Episcopal Sees is strengthned with several Castles is graced with 4 of the Kings Palaces beautified with many splendid Buildings well replenished with Gentry sufficiently stored with safe Roads and secure Harbours for Ships plentifully garnished with good Towns is a place of a considerable Trade affording Corn and other Grains Cloth and several Draperies Fullers-Earth Madder Flax Iron Wood Fruits both Apples and Cherries in great plenty and by reason of its vicinity to France is well known and frequented by Strangers As to its division it hath 14 Bailywicks 17 Franchises and Liberties which have Courts of Record to hold plâ—a of all Actions real personal and mixt and 14 Corporations For the names of all which see the Volume of Britannia pag. 122. lately published by me It is severed into 5 Laths and 64 Hundreds in which said Hundreds are numbred 400 and odd Parishes and hath intercourse of Traffick with 28 Market Towns Lath of Sutton with its chief places The Lath of Sutton or SVTTON at Hone is severed into 8 Hundreds hath two divisions of Justices of the Peace and for its chief places hath Sevenoke Sevenoke a Town of good resort so called from its Founder Will. Sevenoke Lord Major of London Anno 1418. who erected a Free School and an Hospital hath a Market on Saturdays which is well served with Corn and Previsions Dartford Dartford seated on the Darent not far from its influx into the Thames and on the high Road from London to Canterbury 't is a good large Town full of Inns and Houses of Entertainment and hath a Market on Saturdays which is well stored with Corn and Provisions and is much frequented by Corn-Chandlers and Meal-men Greenwich Greenwich a large well built and very pleasant Town seated on the Bank of the Thames being much inhabited and frequented by Gentry and enobled with a once stately Palace of the Kings out of the Ruins of which is now erecting a curious Pile of Buildings and adjoyning to this Palace is a small but pleasant Park which affords a delectable prospect And here it was that Queen Elizabeth with divers other Princes were born Adjoyning to Greenwich is Black-heath a place of note in former times for Military Affairs and it is supposed that here might be dug excellent Sea-Coals but is not encouraged for fear of hindring the Newcastle-Trade Eltham seated on the South-side of Shooters-Hill amongst Woods Eltham a well built Town neatly scituated well inhabited by Gentry and was once honoured with a Palace of his Majesty said to be built by Anthony Beck Patriarch of Jerusalem who gave it to Queen Eliantor wife to King Edward the First Aylesford Lath described The Lath of AYLESFORD is of a large extent reaching from North to South is serveed into 15 Hundreds is divided into 3 divisions of the Justices of the Peace and hath for its chief places Rochester an ancient City and once larger than now it is Rochester being at present but small having but one principal Street which is of a good length and for the most part inhabited by Tradesmen and Inn-keepers and graced with well built Houses besides its Cathedral built by Ethelbert King of Kent dedicated to St. Andrew a fair structure to which belongeth a Deanary and 6 Prehendaries It is a City no less pleasantly than commodiously seated on the banks of the Medway over which it hath a stately Stone-bridge sustained by divers Arches which leadeth unto Stroud a good fair and well inhabited thorough-fare Town from London to Canterbury as is Rochester This City enjoyeth several Immunities is dignified with the Title of an Earldom governed by a Major Court of Aldermen with other sub-Officers hath the election of Parliament men is well resorted unto and its Market on Friday is well served with Provisions Adjoyning to this City is Chetham also seated on the banks of the Medway a long thorough-fare Town which is chiefly inhabited by Sea-men and those that have alliance thereunto and the more as being the station of the Navy-Royal and where there is a stately Dock for the building and equipping of his Majesties Ships Graves-end Graves-end seated on the banks of the Thames a place of great resort as being the common Landing-place for Strangers and Sea-men in their passages to London as likewise the accustomary place for the taking of Shipping and the ready Road to France which doth occasion it to be well furnished with Inns Taverns and Houses of entertainment and its Market on Wednesdays and Saturdays to be well provided with Victuals yet all things here want for no price And here is seated one of the Block-houses the other being opposite unto it in the County of Essex which said Blockhouses are for the securing the passage of the Thames up to London Maidstone Maidstone seated on the Medway over which it hath a fair Bridge which with the branch it sendeth forth severeth the Town It is a large fair sweet populous and well built and frequented Borough Town which electeth Parliament men enjoyeth several Priviledges and as the Shire-Town here is one of the Prisons for the County and where they keep their Sessions and Assizes It s Market is on Thursdays which is very considerable and well provided with Corn and all sorts
and frequented Town enjoying large Immunities and sendeth a Burgess to Parliament It is governed by a Major 2 Bailiffs 15 Common Councellors a Town Clerk and other sub-Officers and hath a considerable Market for Corn and Provisions on Saturdays Chepstow Chepstow seated on the side of a Hill which is washed with the Wye near its fall into the Severn a Town formerly very famous and of great resort being said to be raised out of the ruins of Venta Silurum the chief City of the Silures It is a large well built inhabited and frequented Town and hath a Market on Saturdays which is very good for Corn and Provisions and very considerable for Swine Carlion or Caerleon an ancient and flourishing City of the Romans Carlion which is evidenced by the ruins of its stately Buildings as Palaces Temples and Theaters enclosed within fair Walls the Water-pipes Vaults Hot-houses and Roman Coins oft digged up And here the Noble Arthur kept his Court and here was a famous Colledge for 200 Students in Astronomy and other the liberal Arts and Sciences This Town which is indifferent large is commodiously seated on the banks of the Vske over which it hath a large wooden Bridge yet its Houses for the generality are built of Stone and its Market which is but indifferent is on Thursdays Vske seated on a River so called a large Town uske beautified with well built Stone-houses and hath a very good Market on Mondays and Fridays Abergavenny seated at the meeting of the Vske and the Keveny Abergavenny once a place of great strength It is a large Town hath well-built Houses enjoyeth a good Trade for Flanels and Straw-Hats here made in great plenty and its Market which is on Tuesdays is very considerable for Cattle Provisions c. County of Norfolk The County of NORFOLK is of a different Soil but may be comprised under two heads to wit Champain and Wood-land yet notwithstanding about the Towns it is of a Claiey Chalkey and fat Earth and not without Wood. That which is comprised under the head of Champain is along the Sea-Coasts and from Thetford to Burnham and so Westwards and affords great plenty of Corn and on the Heaths great flocks of Sheep are fed The Wood-land part is chiefly for grasing yet not without Corn ground The ancient Inhabitants known to the Romans were the Iceni and afterwards became part of the Kingdom of the Angles The Commodities that this Country plentifully affordeth are Worsteds Stockings Norwich Stuffs and Herrings The chief Rivers that water this County are the Owse Waveny Yare and the Thryne It is generally well inhabited with Gentry is very populous and full of Towns and Villages numbring 660 Parish Churches which are the most of any County in England and is traded unto by 27 Market Towns Norwich a City of great antiquity Norwich and formerly of as great splendor when the Seat of the East Angles since which it hath undergone several calamities by Fire Sword and Pestilence and notwithstanding all its shocks of Ill fortune it is at present a fair large and populous City and enjoyeth a great Trade especially for their Stockings Stuffs and Manufactures here made It is commodiously seated on the banks of the Yare which severeth it but is joyned together by several Briges and in a pleasant Valley It is about a mile and half in length and almost of the like breadth and is encompassed with a Wall except on the side seated on the River and hath 12 Gates for entrance and for Divine worship 32 Parish Churches bisides Chapels It s chief buildings are the Cathedral the Bishops Palace the Palace of the Duke of Norfolk the Market-house the Cross and the House of Correction made of Free-stone Here is an Hospital where 100 poor Men and Women are maintained This City may not improperly be called an Orchard in a City or a City in an Orchard by reason of the pleasant intermixture of the Houses with Trees It was first governed by 4 Bailiffs but in the Reign of Henry the Fourth it was incorporated into a Majoralty and made a County whose limits extend to Eaton-Bridge It enjoys several Immunities sends Burgesses to Parliament and is the See of a Bishop Its Markets on Wednesdays Fridays and Saturdays are very great and well stored with Corn living Cattle Leathen Yarn Worsteds and all sorts of Provisions Lynn Lynn or Lynn Regis seated almost at the influx of the Owse into the Washes a fair large and well-built Borough Town numbring 3 Parish Churches of good antiquity enjoying ample Immunities which were granted them for their good service against the outlawed Barons in the Isle of Ely It is governed by a Major 12 Aldermon hath a Recorder Sword-Bearer and other sub-Officers sendeth its Representatives to Parliament for its defence is encompassed about with a Wall and a deep Trench is well watered having 2 Rivulets which run through the Streets which are passed over by 15 Bridges It is well inhabited by Merchants and Tradesmen having a commodious Haven and its Markets on Tuesdays and Saturdays are well served with Commodities and Provisions Yarmouth Yarmouth seated on the Yare at its influx into the Sea It is a place of great strength as well by Nature as Art being esteemed the Key of this Goast The Town is large yet hath but one Church but that is so large that it serveth for two Ministers Its Buildings are good it is a place of a great resort is well inhabited and traded unto and the more as being the ready passage to Holland for the Packet-Boat and other Vessels About this Coast great abundance of Herrings are caught in September and as great quantities of Mackerels in the Summer season It is a Town Corporate having for its chief Magistrates 2 Bailiffs it enjoyeth several Immunities and sends Burgesses to Parliament It s Market is on Saturdays which is very great for Corn Fish and Provisions Windham Windham seated in a dirty bottom hath an indifferent good Market for Corn and Provisions on Fridays but chiefly for Stockings Wooden-Spoons Yapps and Spindles which are here made and sold by the Inhabitants in great abundance Swasham Swasham seated on a Hill a large and well built Town full of Inns end well inhabited by Shopkeepers who drive a good trade It s Market which is on Saturdays is very well served with Corn and Provisions being esteemed one of the best Market Towns in the County North Walsham North Walsham seated in a level not far from the Sea a fine Market Town which on Thursdays is well provided with Corn Flesh and other Commodities County of Northampton described NORTHAMPTON an Inland County of a fat and rich Soil both for Tillage and Pasturage every way recompencing the Husbandmans pains and industry both for its excellent Grain and for feeding and breeding of store of Sheep Horses and Cattle insomuch that here is observed to be less wast
ground than in any County in the Kingdom It is blest with a healthful Air it is very populous and full of Gentry insomuch that in many places 20 or 30 Sleeples present themselves to view at one time It is well watered with Rivers and fresh Streams as the Welland the Neâ— or Aufona the Owse Charwel c. This County is severed into 20 Hundreds in which are numbred 326 Parish Churches and is traded unto by 11 Market Towns Northampton Northampton delightfully seated on the banks of the Nyne which washeth its South and West parts over which it hath two Bridges It is a Town of good antiquity and once very large but this as all other places in the Kingdom selt the sore hand of the Dane with other Calamities and lately in was laid in its Ashes by a merciless Fire but is again almost rebuilt and will be of better lustre than before It s extent is large numbring 4 Parish Churches within its Walls which were of great strength before their demolishment On the Western side of the Town on an Eminency is mounted a large Castle but so ruinous that it seemeth ready to fall It is a Town Corporate sendeth Burgesses to Parliament is governed by a Major 2 Barliffs 12 Magistrates a Recorder Town Clerk with other sub-Officers It enjoyeth a very considerable Trade is very well inhabited being the place where the Assizes are kept and the general place for the Justices of the Pence to meet for the County and its Market which is on Saturdays is very great for Cattle Corn Provisions Leather Shoes and several Country Commodities Peterburgh seated on the River Aufona or Nen Peterburgh which is navigable for Barges over which it hath a Bridge which leadeth to Huntingtonshire and in a Marshy ground It is a City of great antiquity and was of good account in the time of the Saxons for it is said that Wolpher King of the Mercians for the expiating his crime in the cruel murthering his Sons Wolphald and Rufin for embracing the Christian Religion to which he was some years after converted himself in Anno 633. finished a most stately Monastery and dedicated it to St. Peter from which the City took its name being before called Madeshamstede It is at present a City of no great extent having but one Parish Church besides its Cathedral raised out of the Monastery a stately structure where lieth the Bodies of two unfortunate Queens Katherin of Spain and Mary of Scots This City enjoyeth several Immunities sends Burgesses to Parliament is honoured with the Title of an Earldom and the Seat of a Bishop as also of a Dean who keepeth his Court for the hearing of Causes Its Streets of late are indifferent well ordered its Houses well built and hath a spacious Market-place well resorted unto on Saturdays Not far from this City Westwards was seated the ancient City Durobrivae called by the English Saxons Normanchester Oundle pleasantly seated on the banks of the Nen Oundle over which it hath two good Bridges a well built uniform Town beautified with a fair Church and a Free School hath a very great Market for Cattle Corn Flesh and Fowl on Saturdays Higham-Ferrers scituated on an Ascept and on the banks of the Nen Higham Ferrers an ancient Borough and Town Corporate governed by a Major 7 Aldermen 13 Capital Burgesses a Steward c. is graced with a fair Colledge hath a Free School for the education of Youth and an Alms-house for the relief of poor People and hath a Market on Saturdays which is well resorted unto Wellingborow seated also on the Nen a large and well inhabited Town Wellingborow of some note for its Springs of Medicinal-water not far distant from the Town It is beautified with a fair Church and a Free School is a large and well inhabited Town and hath a Market on Wednesdays which is well served with Corn and Provisions Daventry seated on the side of Borow-hill a good Town Daventry govermed by a Bulliff Aldermen a Steward and 12 Freemen and hath a Market on Wednesdays which is well provided with Horses Cattle Sheep Corn and Provisions Not far from this Town is Wedom which was a Station of the Romans and where there was a Monastery founded by the holy Virgin St. Werberg Daughter of King Wolpher who had here his Royal Seat Brackley seated on a bank of the Owse Brackley and on the edge of the County towards Buckinghamshire an ancient and large Town Corporate containing two Parish Churches had formerly a Colledge now made use of for a Free School is governed by a Major and Aldermen sendeth Burgesses to Parliament and hath a small Market on Wednesdays which in former time was considerable being the staple Town in the County for Wool County of Northumberland NORTHVMBERLAND a County of a sharp and piercing Air and much troubled with pinching Frosts boisterous Winds and deep Snows which would be more troublesom to its Inhabitants were it not for the great abundance of Sea-Coal here had in great plenty It is a County for the most part of an ungrateful Soil being very rough hilly and very hard to be manured but the parts towards the Sea by the industry of the Husbandman in manuring it with the Sea-weed are indifferent fertil It is well watered with Rivers which with the Sea afford to the Inhabitants great plenty of Fish and Fowl In this County are numbred 46 Parish Churches many of which are very large having their Chapels of Ease and is severed into 6 Wards and for the accommodation of the Inhabitants is traded unto by 6 Market Towns The Inhabitants that possest this County before the Romans were the Ottadini and being brought to the Jurisdiction of the English Saxons by Osca Brother to Hengist and by his Son Jebusa had first official Governours under the fealty to the Kings of Kent After that when the Kingdom of the Berenicii was erected that which reached from the Scotish Frith to the Tees being the best part was subject to the Kings of Northumberland who having finished their period that which lay beyond the Tweed passed for Scotland then was it yielded up to Egbert King of the West Saxons who laid it to his own Territory and soon after the expulsion of the Danes it was governed by Earls This County sheweth abundance of Antiquities not only along the Picts Wall which runneth by its Southern part but elsewhere amongst which these following are worthy of note Readsquire a steep Mountain was oft-times the place of Conference for the East Marshes The Hermitage not far from Wakeworth by the Water a Chapel cut out of a Rock without Beams Rafters or any piece of Timber and the Altar was also hewed out of the same Rock and this was the place of devotion for a Hermit who lived in a Cell within the Rock Risingham seated on the River Rhead a place of great Antiquity which 't is said God-Magon for
and The ater newly erected It enjoyeth ample Immunities keepeth Courts for all Actions without limitation of some hath the election of 4 Burgesses 2 for the University and 2 for the City It is a place very populous and well resorted unto hath weekly two Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays which is the chief and very considerable for Provisions and all sorts of Grain especially Barly and also enjoys a great trade for Mault Burford Burford scituate on an Ascent near the Downs and on the River Windrush which springeth out of the Cotswold a large and fair Town Corporate governed by two Bailiffs and other sub-Officers and hath a well frequented Market for Corn Cattle and Provisions on Saturdays and is of chief note for Saddles here made Woodstock Woodstock a well compacted Borough Town governed by a Major 4 Aldermen c. enjoyeth several Immunities sends Burgesses to Parliament and hath an indifferent good Market on Tuesdays It is delightfully seated and of some note for its large Park wherein was Woodstock-Bower built by King Henry the first and where he kept his Mistress the beautiful Rosamond Clifford which was here poysoned by his enraged Queen Elianor Banbury Banbury seated on the Cherwel and in a Flat a pretty large wealthy and beautiful Town Corporate governed by a Major 12 Aldermen c. sends Burgesses to Parliament hath a very considerable Market for Cattle Sheep and Provisions on Thursdays and is of some note for its Cakes and Cheese Tame Tame pleasantly seated on the River so called which with its branches doth almost encompass it and over which it hath a Bridge which leadeth into Buckinghamshire It is a large Town having one spacious Street in the midst of which is the Market-place and its Market which is on Tuesdays is well resorted unto by Grasiers and Butchers from London and other parts it being very considerable for Cattle Henley Henley or Henley upon Thames as being thereon seated over which it hath a fair Bridge a large Town Corporate governed by a Warden for its chief Magistrate enjoyeth a considerable trade for Maulting and much inhabited by Bargmen and Watermen who are employed for the carrying of Mault Wood c. to London and in return bring such commodities as they and the Neighbourhood have occasion of It s Market is on Thursdays which is very considerable for Corn especially Barly there being oft-times about 300 Cartloads sold in one day RVTLAND County of Rutland described the smallest County in the Kingdom making in circumference not above 40 miles and although for quantity the least yet for quality may be compared with the best being of a very fertil Soil both for tillage and pasturage especially about the Vale of Catmose It is well clothed with Wood watered with fresh Streams is blest with a sweet Air and hath more Parks considering its extent than any County in England This County is severed into five Hundreds in which are 48 Parishes and hath two Market Towns viz. Oakham Oakham scituate in the rich and pleasant Valley of Catmose and although not large yet is the Shire Town where the Assizes and Sessions are held its Buildings are indifferent good especially its Church Free School and Hospital here is an old decayed Castle which is now made use of for the Assizes It hath a Market on Saturdays which is indifferently well served with Provisions Vpingham highly seated a neat compacted and well built Town Upingham hath the accommodation of a Free School and an Hospital and its Market which is on Wednesdays is well resorted unto and served with living Cattle Corn and Provisions SHROPSHIRE being a frontier County to Wales County of Salop described is well replenished with Towns and Castles the better to over-awe the Welshmen in the bordering Marches and divers Noblemen in this tract were called Barons of the March and enjoyed in their Territories certain Priviledges and held Courts for the administring of Justice This County is of a fertil Soil both for Tillage and Pasturage abounding in Wheat and Barly is well clothed with Wood feedeth good store of Cattle and in the bowels of the Earth are Mines of Iron and Pit-Coal It is well watered with Rivers as the Tern Clun Rea Teame Roden and Severn being the chief which in a crooked passage severeth the Shire in the midst It is very Hilly and Mountainous especially towards the Southern and Western parts In this County are 170 Parish Churches and hath for its Towns of chief note Shrewsbury raised out of the ancient Vriconium Shrewsbury the Seat of the Princes of Powis until forced thence by the Saxons It is pleasantly seated on an easie Ascent and on the banks of the Severn which almost encompasses it It is a place which for largeness numbring 5 Parish Churches besides a Chapel neatness of Buildings both publick and private largeness and variety of Streets and populousness may be set down in the rank of Cities It is a Town of good strength as well by Nature as Art being fenced about with a strong Wall defended by a Castle Bulwarks and other Fortifications It is a place of a great resort and well inhabited both by English and Welsh and enjoyeth this place being the common Mart between England and Middle Wales The Town enjoys large Immunities keepeth Courts sendeth its Representatives to Parliament hath a large Free School is governed by a Major 24 Aldermen 48 Common Council-men a Recorder Town Clerk with other sub-Officers and hath weekly 3 Markets on Wednesdays for Provisions on Thursdays for Cottons c. here sold in great abundance and thence sent to London and on Saturdays for Cattle and all sorts of Provisions in great plenty Oswestre so called from Oswald King of the Northumbers Oswestre who was here slain in a Battel and cruelly torn in pieces by Penda the Pagan Mercian Prince It is a Town Corporated governed by two Bailists and Burgesses and before the Mart for Welsh Cottons was hence removed to Shrewsbury was of greater account than now it is yet is it of some trade for Flannels and its Market which is on Mondays is well resorted unto and furnished with Cattle and Provisions Wenlock Magna seated in the road from Worcester to Shrewsbury Wenlock Magna a Town Corporate governed by Bailiffs and Burgesses hath the election of Parliament men is of some note for its Lime and Tobacco-pipes here made in great plenty and hath a very good Market on Mondays for Corn and Provisions Bridgnorth a large Town Corporate governed by 2 Bailiffs and Burgesses Bridgnorth and hath the election of Parliament men It is seated on the Severn over which is a fair Stone-bridge is well inhabited containeth 2 Parish Churches and hath a good Market for Corn Cattle and Provisions Ludlow seated on the Temd a Town more fair than ancient Ludlow being beautified with divers good Buildings amongst which is the Palace of the President
Danes It is at present a place of a large extent numbring 12 Parish Churches besides St. Georges Chapel and for its abundance of Streets which are clean and neatly ordered its populousness and good trade that its Inhabitants drive both by Sea and Land it may be ranged in the number of Cities It is a Town Corporate well Priviledged sends Burgesses to Parliament and is governed by 2 Bailiffs chosen out of 12 Port-men and 24 Common Council also a Recorder Town Clerk and other sub-Officers It is well served with Provisions for besides its Shambles here are weekly 3 Markets viz. on VVednesdays and Fridays for Fish and Butter and on Saturdays for Provisions of all sorts in great plenty And this Town gave birth to Cardinal Wolsey who here began a magnificent Colledge which still bears his name Bury or St. Edmonds-Bury so called from King Edmond the Martyr Bury here interr'd who was shot to death at Hoxon by the Danes for not renouncing the Christian Faith This Town is very pleasantly seated and in an Air so healthful that makes it to be much inhabited and frequented by Gentry It is a Town Corporate governed by an Alderman for its chief Magistrate besides a Recorder and other sub-Officers and sends its Representatives to Parliament It is of a large extent yet consisteth but of two Parish Churches hath well built Houses its Market-hill Fair-sted and Corn-Cross are spacious and handsom but its Streets are ill paved chiefly occasioned by the heavy Carriages which come to its Markets on VVednesdays which are much resorted unto being the chief Market Town in the County for Grain and is also well furnished with fresh Fish Pigeons wild Fowl and most sorts of Provisions This Town was famous for its Abby which for fairness and Prerogatives exceeded all others in England Here is kept the Quarter Sessions for the liberty of St. Edmond and in the Abby-yard stands the Shire-house where the Assizes are ordinarily held for the County New-Market composed of a well built Street Newmarket a great thorough-fare Town full of Inns it consists of two Parish Churches the one in this County and the other in Cambridgeshire but its Market-place and Street is wholly in Suffolk It s Market is on Tuesdays which is well frequented and served with Fish wild Fowl and other Provisions and by reason of the scituation of the Town near the spacious Heath which bears its name so commodious for Horse-races and in a part of the Country so fit for Field-sports it is much resorted unto by his Majesty where he hath his Palace and the Nobility and Gentry Mildenhall Mildenhall seated on a branch of the Owse a large Market Town graced with a fair Church with a tall Steeple and very populous having distant Streets called Rows as Beck-row How-row c. to the Fenward belonging to it as big as some little Towns It hath a well frequented Market especially for Fish and wild Fowl on Fridays Sudbury Sudbury seated on the Stower over which it hath a fair Bridge leading into Essex an ancient good large Town containing 3 Parish Churches and by reason of its trade of Clothing is well frequented It is a Borough Town electing Parliament men and is governed by a Major 7 Aldermen 24 Burgesses and other sub-Officers It s Market which is on Saturdays is well resorted unto Hadleigh Hadleigh a large Town Corporate governed by a Major Aldermen Council c. hath the accommodation of two Markets weekly viz. on Mondays very considerable for all Provisions especially Meat and a smaller on Saturdays It is graced with a sumptuous Church was a place of great Trade in former times for Clothings but at present hath lost much of its trade for Turky-ware as also for Bays and Says Stow-Market Stow-Market seated in the center of the County and between the branches of the Gypp or Orwell a large and beautiful Town graced with a spacious Church on whose Steeple is a lofty Pinacle not easie to be parallel'd It hath a Market on Thursdays which is well served with Provisions and Retail-wares and the grand Trade of the Town is now in Tammeys and other Norwich-Stuffs being the only Town in the County considerable for that employment Woodbridge Woodbridge a large Town watered with several fresh Springs having a pleasant prospect down the Channel chiefly at High-water being about 6 miles from the Main a Town of good Traffick by Sea and Land it is well enough built excepting the lowness of the oldest Houses and part of the Streets are well paved it hath a fair Church in which are several Monuments It s Market which is on Wednesdays is of considerable resort and well traded unto for its Commodities viz. Pouldavis Sack-cloth Plank Butter Cheese but chiefly for its Hemp. As to its Sea-trade they have several Vessels both great and small which are imployed by them and have here 4 or 5 Docks for the building of Ships Aldborough Aldborough a Coast Town pleasantly seated in a Dale a large long and plain built Town composed of two or three Streets of low Houses all in a row At a small distance from this Town is Slaughden where they have a commodious Key with Ware-houses or Fish-houses the only employment of the Town being for Fish having great conveniences for drying their North-Sea Fish in which Fishing-trade with a little in the Coal-trade they employ several Vessels but not so many as formerly It is a Town Corporate governed by two Bailiffs 10 Capital Burgesses with 24 Inferiour enjoyeth ancient Priviledges and sends its Representatives to Parliament For their defence Sea-wards they have about 20 great Guns planted It s Market is on Saturdays which is but small Dunwich Dunwich an ancient Town Corporate sending Burgesses to Parliament and is governed by two Bailiffs and other sub-Officers and hath a small Market on Saturdays It is a Town of great antiquity being in the year 640 made an Episcopal See by Felix the Burgundian in the reign of William the Conquerour it contained 236 Burgesses had a Mint and its Inhabitants were rich but through the removal of its Episcopal See and the encroachment of the Sea which hath swallowed up a great part of it and decay of its Shipping and Trade it is rather the Remains of a Town than one Bungay Bungay sufficiently watered by the Waveney which severeth it from Norfolk It is a good large Town containing two Parish Churches one of which is fair and between both in the midst of the Town is to be seen the Ruins of a famous Nunnery It s Market is on Thursdays which is great and well resorted unto especially by those of Norfolk Beckley seated also on the Waveney a very large Town Beckley having a considerable much frequented and well served Market on Saturdays and hath a Passage-trade by Water to Yarmouth the Town is but plain built having several Thatched Houses but graced with a fair
pleasantly seated on a River whose Streams commodiously water its Streets which are large and spacious It is beautified with fair Buildings and its Minster or Cathedral is a stately Structure having as many Doors for entrance as Months in the year as many Windows as Weeks and as many Pillars great and small as Days in the year and its Spire proudly sheweth it self from a great distance near unto which is the Bishops Palace then its Town-Hall seated in a spacious Market-place is a fair Building This City amongst its Immunities sends Burgesses to Parliament is a place well inhabited and frequented enjoyeth a good Trade and its Markets which are on Tuesdays and Saturdays are very considerable for Corn and Provisions and for living Cattle on Tuesdays This City is encompassed with open Fields and Plains where at about 6 miles distance is that wonderful piece of work called Stone-Henge composed of great and unwrought Stones some being 28 foot high and 7 broad and so laid thwart one another that it is wonderful to behold And these Stones are said to be thus raised by the Britains as a Monumental Sepulchre of the Vertue and Manhood of Ambrosius Aurelianus who took upon him the Imperial Purple-Robe of Britain in the declension of the Roman Empire succoured his languishing Country and by the aid of that warlike Arthur repressed the furious rage of the Enemy vanquishing powerful Armies and in the end in the last Battel sought on this Plain lost his life Wilton Wilton well watered with the Willey and another River a Town in former time of such great note that it was the chief in the County and was dignified with an Episcopal See had a Monastery and enjoyed great Immunities but at present it is become a small mean Borough Town electing Parliament men is the place where she Knights of the Shire are chosen where the Sheriff keeps his Monthly County-Courts yet hath but a small Market on Fridays Divizes Devizes seated near Blackmere-Forest a Town of greater note and strength in former times than at present being defended by a powerful Castle yet is it a large Town being well inhabited and traded unto for divers Commodities especially for Mault It hath the election of Parliament men and its Market which is on Thursdays is very considerable for Horses Cattle of all sorts Corn Provisions and divers other Country-commodities Chipnam Chipnam seated on the Avon a Borough Town electing Parliament men and hath a noted Market for Corn and Provisions on Saturdays Marlborough Marlborough seated on the Kenet near Savernake-Forest and Aldburn-Chase and in a Chalky Soil a Town of great note in former times where there was a Parliament held and a Law made for the suppressing of all Tumults called the Statute of Marlborough And here was once a strong Castle belonging to John Sirnamed Sans Terre who was after King of England It is at present a good large and well built Borough Town electing Parliament men is governed by a Major and Burgesses and hath a very considerable Market for Corn Mault Provisions Butter and especially Cheese on Saturdays Not far from this place are divers Stones some of a vast bigness pitched up an end Swindon Swindon seated near a rich Vale and on the Summit of a Hill a Town of no largeness but its Houses are generally well built of Stone and hath a considerable Market for fat Cattle on Mondays Malmesbury Malmesbury pleasantly seated on the Banks of the Avon which almost encircleth it over which it hath 6 Bridges It is a Town of great antiquity where Maidulph an Irish-Scot a man of great Holiness and Learning under a Hill in a solitary Grove built a Cell or little Monastery and lived an Hermetical life and where his Successor Adelma built a fair Monastery It as it present a good Borough Town governed by a Major and Aldermen enjoyeth several Immunities sends Burgesses to Parliament and hath a good Market for Corn and Provisions on Saturdays County of Worcester The County of WORCESTER is of a fertil Soil both for Tillage and Pasturage bearing good Crops of Corn and feeding store of Cattle It is inter laced with aspiring Hills well clothed with Wood as the Malvern Bredon Woodbery Aberleg c. and through its Valleys run those many Rivers which so plentifully water the County as the Severn Avon Salwarp c. This Shire hath such great abundance of Fruits that even the Hedgerows and High-ways are beset therewith whose Fruits are free to all Passengers and here Sider and Perry is had in as great plenty as Beer at London Here are many Salt-Pits or Wiches which afford a most excellent high prized Salt for the Gentries Table which for fineness whiteness and hardness imitateth Loaf-Sugar This County is severed into 5 Hundreds in which are seated 152 Parishes and is traded unto by 11 Market Towns Worcester Worcester no less pleasantly than commodiously seated on the Severn over which it hath a fair Stone-Bridge with a Tower upon it It is a City of great antiquity said to be built by the Romans the better to secure themselves from the Britains who were Masters of all beyond the Severn and was held in good repute in the time of the Danes and Saxons and although it hath received so many shocks of ill fortune by Fire and Sword yet is it a place of good largeness numbring 9 Parish Churches besides St. Michaels and its Cathedral a stately Structure in whose Quire are several graceful Tombs This City enjoyeth ample Immunities electeth Parliament men is dignified with the See of a Bishop is governed by a Major Sheriff 6 Aldermen 24 principal Citizens with 48 less called Common-Council-men 2 Chamberlains a Recorder Town Clerk with sub-Officers is graced with good Buildings and well ordered Streets is well inhabited enjoyeth a good Trade especially for Clothings here made in great quantities and its Markets on Wednesdays Fridays and Saturdays are very considerable especially that on Saturdays for living Cattle Corn Flesh Fish and all Provisions which are here had at easie rates Evesholme Evesholme seated on a Hill arising from the River Avon which almost encompasseth it where it hath a Stone-bridge This Town was of note for its Abby founded by Edwin by the helping-hand of King Kenred Son of Wolpher King of the Mercians It is at present a large and well-built Major-Town esteemed the best in the County next to Worcester containing two or three Parishes sends Burgesses to Parliament is well inhabited and frequented enjoyeth a good Trade principally for Stockings and its Market which is on Mondays is very considerable for Corn Cattle Provisions and Stockings This Town gives name to a Vale near adjoyning which for fertility of Soil may deservedly be called the Granary of these parts Droitwich Droitwich seated on the River Salwarp a pretty good Bailiwick-Town but its Market which is on Fridays is but small This Town is of great note
England is divided into four Circuits for the Administration of Justice and then the first shall contain the Counties of Denbigh Flint and Montgomery the second those of Brecknock Glamorgan and Radnor the third those of Cardigan Carmarden and Pembroke and the fourth those of Anglesey Caernarvon and Merioneth But to proceed to the description of these Counties and first of North-Wales NORTH-WALES Isle of Anglesey THe Island of ANGLESEY is severed from Caernarvon-shire by a narrow Streight of the River Menai and on all other parts it is washed with the Irish Seas It was the ancient Seat of the Druids and brought with no small difficulty under the Roman Scepter by Julius Agricola It is so fertil and abounding in all things as Corn Cattle and Provisions that the Welsh term it the Mother of Wales supplying its defects although for fight it seemeth dry stony and hilly It produceth a sort of Stones called Molares very fit and good for Mill-stones and Grind-stones In this Isle were formerly seated 360 Towns and Villages but at present but 74 and hath intercourse of Traffick with two Markes Towns and hath several good Ports and Harbours as also divers Ferries for the conveyance of Passengers to and fro It s chief places are Beau-Morish Beau-Morish seated on a Moorish-ground but commandeth a fair prospect into the Sea where it hath a very good Harbour for Ships It was built by King Edward the First the better to secure his Conquest who fortified it with a powerful Castle now in good repair It is a pretty good handsom Town Corporate governed by a Major Recorder 2 Bailiffs who are Justices of the Peace and 21 Common Council called Burgesses It is the chief Shire-Town where the Assizes and Sessions are held sends a Burgess to Parliament is indifferently well inhabited and frequented as being the usual place for the reception of Passengers from London to Ireland before their taking Shipping at Holyhead It hath weekly two Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays which are indifferent good Newburgh Newburgh seated near Brant River where it formeth a Bay and falleth into Menai River a small Borough Town governed by a Major 2 Bailiffs and a Recorder and hath a Market on Tuesdays County of Caernarvon described The County of CAERNARVON before Wales was divided into Shires bore the name of Snowden-Forest from the principal Hill therein seated which is of a very great height and extent and affordeth excellent sweet Mutton on the top of this Hill floateth a Meer and maketh a River and falleth into the Sea at Trathe-Mawer It is a County of a sharp Air very Mountainous yet not unfertil and feedeth good Herds of Cattle In this County are seated 68 Parish Churches and hath six Market Towns Caernarvon Caernarvon commodiously seated on the Sea-shoar where it hath an excellent prospect into the Isle of Anglesey It was a place of good account where the Princes of Wales had their Exchequer and Chancery for North-Wales and is a place of great strength as well by Nature as Art being encompassed on all parts except towards the East with the Sea and two Rivers and had a strong Castle where in a Tower thereof called Eagle-Tower Edward the Second the first Prince of Wales was born It is a place of no great extent having but one Parish Church its Houses and Streets are well built and ordered is well inhabited enjoyeth several Immunities sends a Burgess to Parliament is governed by the Constable of the Castle who is ever Major and hath for his assistance an Alderman 2 Bailiffs a Town-Clerk with Sub-Officers and its Market on Saturdays is very good for Corn and Provisions Bangor lowly seated on the Sea-shoar a Town in Ancient time so large Bangor that it was called Bangor the Great and was defended by a powerful Castle which long since was laid level to the ground It is at present but a small City or rather a Town yet dignified with the See of a Bishop its Cathedral is large and well built its Houses indifferent good is pretty well inhabited is governed by the Bishops-Steward who keepeth Court-Leets and Courts-Baron for the Bishop and hath an indifferent good Market on Wednesdays Nigh unto Bangor is Penmaen-maur that is the Great Stony-head Penmaen-maur being an exceeding high and steep Rock which at High-Sea so hangeth over that it affordeth a very narrow and dangerous passage but having passed this and Penmaen-byehan that is the Lesser Stony-head the Country openeth it self in a broad Plain as far as the River Conwey Aberconwey seated at the Mouth of the Conwey Aberconwey raised out of the Ruins of the ancient Canonium of Antonine being strongly fenced both with Walls and a Castle It is a pretty good Town governed by an Alderman and 2 Bailiffs which for largeness and good Buildings doth rather deserve the name of a City than a Town especially were it thicker inhabited and better resorted unto yet its Market which is on Fridays is well served with Provisions and several Country-commodities Pulhely seated on the Sea-shoar and between two Rivers Pulhely a pretty large and indifferent well-built Bailiwick Town which hath a good Market on Wednesdays for Corn and Provisions and enjoyeth a good Trade by Sea County of Denbigh described DENBIGH-SHIRE a Country very Hilly several of which are of so great a height that they retain Snow and the tops thereof in the Summer season are the Country-mans Morning-Almanack to denote a fair day by the rising of certain Vapours It is of a different Soil the Western part being Heathy is much inclined to sterility and but thinly inhabited except the part which lieth towards the Sea the Eastern beyond the Valley is much more barren and the middle where it lieth flat is a pleasant and fertil Vale and well inhabited with Gentry Here are seated 57 Parish Churches and is traded unto by four Market Towns Denbigh seated on the hanging of a Rocky-Hill Denbigh and on a branch of the Cluyd once a place of good strength when fortified with a strong Wall and an impregnable Castle The Town is indifferent large well built inhabited by Glovers and Tanners enjoyeth a good Trade by some esteemed the best Town in North-Wales is governed by 2 Aldermen 2 Bailiffs and 25 Capital Burgesses with sub-Officers electeth a Parliament man and hath a good Market for Corn Cattle and Provisions on Wednesdays Ruthin seated on the Cluyd which washeth a rich Vale Ruthin of note for its once large and fair Castle It is a large well inhabited and frequented Town Corporate governed by 2 Aldermen and Burgesses hath a large Hospital and a Free School governed by a Warden and hath a very considerable Market for Corn and Provisions on Mondays which is esteemed the best in the Vale. Wrexham seated in a good Soil affordeth plenty of Lead Wrexham and on a small River which falleth into the Dee It is an indifferent
Wye which receive those many Streams that so plentifully water the County and afford to the Inhabitants great abundance of Fish especially Salmon and Trouts in the Wye Here are seated 61 Parish Churches and 4 Market Towns Brecknock seated at the meeting of the Rivers Hodney and Vske Brecknock over which it hath a fair Stone-bridge It is a place of good antiquity and at present a very large Bailiwick Town containing 3 Parish Churches one of which is a Collegiate Church its Houses are well built was once strengthned with a stately Castle as also with a strong Wall which gave entrance by 3 Gates It is governed by 2 Bailiffs 15 Aldermen 2 Chamberlains a Town Clerk c. amongst its Immunities sends a Burgess to Parliament is a place well inhabited and the rather as being the Shire-Town where the Assizes are held It enjoyeth a good Trade for Clothing and hath weekly two Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays which are very well served with Cattle Corn and Provisions About two miles from this Town is a large Meer or Pool some miles in compass called Brecknock-Meer where in former times stood a fair City which was swallowed up by an Earthquake Hay seated between the Wye and the Dulas Hay a Town of good note in the time of the Romans being then sortified with a Castle and a Wall It is at present a good Town and hath a very great Market for Corn Cattle and Provisions on Mondays Bealt pleasantly seated amongst the Woods and on the Banks of the Wye Bealt over which it hath a very large Wooden-Bridge which leads into Radnorshire at present a pretty small Town enjoying a considerable Trade for Stockings and hath weekly two very good Markets on Mondays for Cattle and on Saturdays for Corn and Provisions County of Cardigan CARDIGAN a County of a different Soil and ill clothed with Wood the Southern and Western parts being plain and very fertil yet not without some Hills and its Eastern and Northern parts are Mountainous and not so fertil amongst which is the Plinillimon-Hill a Mountain of a very great extent and height Here are numbred 64 Parish Churches and hath 4 Market Towns Cardigan Cardigan formerly strengthned with a Wall and a fair and spacious Castle built on the side of the Tywye upon a Rock long since brought to ruin It is a Town no less pleasantly than commodiously seated on the said River Tywye over which it hath a fair Stone-bridge sustained by several Arches and is of no great distance from its influx into the Sea and being the Shire-Town where the Assizes are held and the County-Gaol kept is well inhabited and frequented being a large Town though containing but one Church which is a fair Structure and is graced with a well built Shire-Hall with several good Buildings and as a Town Corporate is governed by a Major Aldermen Common Council with sub-Officers enjoyeth several Immunities electeth a Parliament man and hath an indifferent good Market on Saturdays Llanbeder Llanbeder seated on the Tywye over which is a Bridge which leadeth into Caermarden-shire an indifferent good Town governed by a Port-Reive and Steward and hath a Market on Tuesdays which is well resorted unto for Grain and Provisions and from the latter end of April to the beginning of July is very great for Sheep Heifers Cows and Calves Aberysthwy Aberysthwy seated on a Rising-ground and on the Banks of the Ridall near its influx into the Sea a Town once strengthned with a Wall and Castle now ruinated It is a long and ill-built Town governed by a Major with sub-Officers hath a very great Market for Corn Wool Cheese and Provisions on Mondays and is a place much resorted unto by reason of its Fishing-trade and would be more were its Inhabitants industrious Near unto this Town is Lhan-Badernvaur a well-built Town graced with a fair Church which was formerly an Episcopal See and is now the Parish Church of Aberysthwy County of Caermarden CAERMARDEN-SHIRE is generally of a fertil Soil both for Tillage and Pasturage as not being so Mountainous as its Neighbouring Counties and is well watered with Rivers as the Tovye Taoy Lough or Taff which with others discharge themselves into the Sea plentifully serving the Inhabitants with Fish and Fowl and in many places are dug Pit-Coal Here are seated 87 Parish Churches and is traded unto by 8 Market Towns Caermarden Caermarden pleasantly seated on the Towy over which it hath a fair Stone-bridge and is navigable for small Vessels having a good Key for the lading and unlading of their Merchandizes It is a place well inhabited and traded unto and as a Town Corporate is governed by a Major 2 Sheriffs elected out of 16 Burgesses or Aldermen all clad in Scarlet with other sub-Officers Amongst its Immunities electeth a Parliament man keepeth Courts for the trial of Causes is the place where the Assizes are held and hath weekly two Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays which are very great for Corn Cattle and Provisions both Flesh Fish and Fowl in great plenty This Town glorieth in giving birth to Merlyn that famous British Prophet or South-sayer Llancharn Llangharn or Llangharne seated on the Towye near its influx into the Sea a well-built Town of some Trade having several Vessels belonging to it and its Market which is on Fridays is very good for Corn and Provisions Near unto this Town is a Wich or Salt-work where good quantity of Salt made Llanelly seated on a Creek of the Sea a pretty good Town Llanelly which is well traded unto for Sea-Coal and hath a Market on Thursdays of good account for all sorts of Cattle Corn and Provisions Llandilovawre seated on the Towy over which it hath a fair Bridge Llandilovawre a pretty good Town having two Markets weekly on Tuesdays and Saturdays for Cattle Corn and Provisions and the Parish to which this Town belongeth is about 13 miles in length and 7 or 8 in breadth Llanymdofry seated amongst Rivers Llanymdofry a pretty fair Bailiwick and Town Corporate and hath two very great Markets weekly on Wednesdays and Saturdays for Provisions and the greatest in the County for Cattle and Sheep County of Glamorgan described The County of GLAMORGAN is of a temperate and healthful Air and of a different Soil and Scituation the Northern parts being extreamly Mountainous full of thick Woods very barren and thinly inhabited yet are found to feed good Herds of Cattle and to send forth several fresh Streams the chief amongst which are the Tavye Taff Ogmore Rumney Elay Nid or Neath c. and the Southern part which is washed by the Severn Sea and receiveth the said Rivers is more upon a level is very fertil both for Corn and feeding of great quantities of Sheep and Cattle is well inhabited and thick beset with Towns and Houses of the Gentry This County numbreth 118 Parish Churches and hath the accommodation
of 8 Market Towns Cardiff the fairest Town in all South Wales well seated on the River Tave Cardiff or Taff over which it hath a fair Bridge to which Vessels of small burthen do come to lade or unlade their goods and in a rich and fertil Soil both for Tillage and Pasturage It is a large and well built Town with good ordered and clean Streets containing within its Walls two Parishes but hath but one Church without the East-Gate is a large Suburb called Crockerton without the North-Gate stands the White-Friers and without the West-Gate a small Suburb adjoyning to the Black-Friers and in this part is seated the Castle which is a strong spacious and stately Building It is a Town Corporate governed by a Constable 12 Aldermen as many Capital Burgeffes a Steward Town-Clerk with sub-Officers enjoyeth several Immunities electeth a Parliament man is the place where the Assizes are kept is well frequented and traded unto its Inhabitants having a great intercourse of Traffick with Bristol and its Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays are very good especially that on Saturdays which is the best in the County and very considerable for Gattle Corn Swine Sheep and all sorts of Provisions in great plenty and at easie rates Llandaff a City seated on the Taff but of a small extent Llandaff scarce comparable to an indifferent Town having not so much as a Market kept which is occasioned by its vicinity to Cardiff It s Cathedral is a spacious and superb Structure and near adjoyning are the Ruins of an Old Castle which was the ancient Palace of the Bishops Neath seated on a River so called over which it hath a Bridge Neath to which small Vessels come for the lading of Coals here had in great plenty to the profit of its Inhabitants It is a Town of great antiquity and of a good extent yet is it indifferent large is governed by a Port-Reve and hath a good Market for Provisions Swansey commodiously seated on the Sea-shoar Swansey an ancient Port-Reve Town which is large and well built which for Riches and Trade is esteemed the chief in the County and that by reason of their Coal-Pits and the great industry of its Inhabitants It hath weekly two Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays which are very well frequented and traded unto affording great plenty of Commodities and Provisions County of Pembroke described PEMBROKE-SHIRE is of fertil Soil both for Tillage and Pasturage is well stored with Cattle and replenished with Rivers which with the Sea plentifully serveth the Inhabitants with Fish and Fowl and in the bowels of the Earth are plenty of Pit-Coal It is well inhabited and garnished with Towns numbring 145 Parish Churches and is traded unto by 8 Market Towns Pembrook Pembrook the chief Shire-Town seated on the Eastern and innermost Creek of Milford-Haven over which it hath two fair Bridges for the conveniency of passage It is a place of good account well frequented and inhabited by Gentlemen and Tradesmen is much resorted unto by Shipping by reason of which they have a Custom-house It is a place of good strength being fortified with a Wall on which are several Towers having three Gates for entrance and also with a strong Castle seated on a Rock It is a large Town Corporate containing two Parish Churches is graced with well built Houses is governed by a Major with other sub-Officers enjoyeth several Immunities sendeth a Burgess to Parliament and its Market which is on Saturdays is very good and well served with Provisions c. This Milford-Haven is esteemed the best in all England Milford-Haven not only for its largeness being capacious enough to give entertainment to about 1000 Sail of Ships at one time and to ride secure at a good distance one from the other but also for its variety of deep and safe Creeks and nooked Bays for Ships to harbour in having within it 13 Roads 16 Creeks and 5 Bays all which are known by their several names St. Davids St. Davids seated within a mile of the Sea in a barren Soil and very destitute of Wood. It was once a City of good account but at present is very small but thinly inhabited and its Market disused yet is it the See of a Bishop and its Cathedral kept in good order but the Bishops Palace is much ruinated Near unto St. Davids is a Promontory called St. Davids Land or Head from whence in a clear day Ireland may be seen and on the Rocks in these parts the Falcons have their Airies and breed Also here is Whitesand-Bay and at the extream point of the Promontory Ramsey Isle sheweth it self nigh to which are several small ones which together bear the name of the Bishop and his Clerks Haverford-West Haverford-West a Town and County of it self commodiously seated on the side of a Hill and on a Creek of Milford-Haven over which it hath a good Stone-Bridge which leadeth to Prendergast where there is a Church It is a very large and fair Town Corporate containing three Parish Churches is beautified with good Houses is well inhabited enjoyeth a good Trade having several Vessels belonging to the Town is the place where the Assizes are held and the County Gaol kept and hath weekly two Markets on Tuesdays and Saturdays which are very great for Cattle and Provisions It is governed by a Major a Sheriff and Common Council with Justices of the Peace it enjoyeth several Immunities keeping Courts and sending a Burgess to Parliament and near to this Town divers Gentlemen have their Seats Tenby Tenby seated on the Sea-shoar where it hath a commodious Haven or Road for Ships being formerly much frequented especially by Fishermen having a good Key enjoyeth a considerable Trade and its Inhabitants were wealthy but the Spoils it suffered in the late Wars hath much impoverished it notwithstanding it keeps its two Markets weekly on Wednesdays and Saturdays which are very well resorted unto for Corn Provisions and Fish Newport Newport seated near the Sea-shoar and on the foot of a high Hill a large but ill built and inhabited Town governed by a Port-Reeve and a Bailiff and hath a good Market for Corn Cattle and Provisions and here is a Wear for Fishing County of Radnor described RADNOR-SHIRE This County is of a sharp and piercing Air and very ungraceful to the Husbandman as being so Mountainous and Rocky yet is it well watered with Rivers It hath but 52 Parish Churches and is traded unto with three Market Towns New Radnor New Radnor well seated near the Spring-head of the Somergil and in a pleasant Valley at the foot of a profitable Hill for the feeding of Sheep and Cattle called the Forrest of Radnor It is a very ancient Town Corporate whose Jurisdiction reacheth 10 or 12 miles in compass is governed by a Bailiff and 25 Burgesses enjoyeth large Immunities and hath the election of a Parliament man It had formerly a Market
landed his Army there and obtained the Regal Dominion thereof which being passed over unto him by their Nobles and Commonalty their Charter so signed was transmitted to Rome and was confirmed by a Patent of Pope Hadrian by a Ring delivered unto him in token of his investure and was farther confirmed by the Authority of certain Provincial Synods and ever since that time it hath remained in the possessions of the Kings of England The Temporal Government of Ireland The Temporal Government since the English became Masters thereof hath most commonly been by one Supream Officer sent over by the Kings of England and called Lord Deputy or Lord Lieutenant who for Majesty State and Power is not inferiour to any Vice-Roy in Christendom living in great grandure and having ample and Royal Power and Authority granted unto him and as Assistant unto him in so weighty a concern he hath his Privy Council being a select number of honourable and prudent persons chosen out of the Nobility Clergy and Capital Officers of State for their Degrees of Honour and Offices of State they are the same with those of England already treated of The present Lord Lieutenant is the Right Noble his Excellency Arthur Capell Earl of Essex Viscount Maldon Baron Capell of Hadham c. Its Laws and Courts of Judicature The Laws of this Kingdom have correspondency with those of England and have likewise there several Courts of Judicature as the Chancery Common-Pleas Kings-Bench Exchequer c. but above all the High Court of Parliament There are likewise in each County Justices of the Peace for the quiet governing and well ordering the Inhabitants as in England The Archbishops and Bishops As to the Ecclesiastical Government of this Kingdom it is committed to the care of four Archbishops under whom are divers Suffragan Bishops whose names are as followeth Under the Archbishop of Armagh who is Primate of Ireland are the Bishops of Meath or Elnamirand Conuer Rathluc Dune or Dundalethglas Ardachad Derry Dal-Liquir Chlocor or Lugundum and Rathbot Under the Archbishop of Dublin those of Ferne Lechlin Glendalach Ossery and Kildare Under the Archbishop of Cassile those of Limrick Waterford Corke Laonie or Kendalnan Gellumabrath Lismore Ardefret the Isle of Gathay Clon De Rosalither Melite or Emilech and Ross or Roscree And under the Archbishop of Tuam those of Elphin Gonany Clonfred Enachdun Achad Duac or Killmacduoc Mage Killmundâ—ach Cellaiar Roscomon and Lade or Killaleth According to the Temporal Government of this Kingdom it is severed into four Provinces to wit Leimster Vlster Connaugh and Mounster which are again subdivided into several Counties which comprehend several Baronies in which are seated several Towns And of these Provinces in order LEIMSTER It s fertility THis Part of Ireland for the generality is of a fertil Soil affording great plenty of Corn Cattle Fowl and Fish enjoyeth a wholsom and temperate Air is well watered with Rivers the chief amongst which are the Shour Neor and Barraeo It s Bivers which have their rise out of that great Mountain called by Giraldus Bladinae Montes It is very well inhabited as well by the Gentry as the Commonalty and the rather by reason of Dublin the Metropolitan City of this Kingdom therein seated It s form may be said to be triangular for from South-east to the West-point is above 80 miles from thence to the North-west about 70 and her East-Coast about 18 the circumference making about 270 miles And for its bounds it hath on the West the Province of Connough on the North that of Leimster and on the East and South the Sea which regards England from which that is from Holy-head in the Isle of Anglesey it is distant about 50 miles a Sea very dangerous for Saylers by reason of the Flats and Shallows that lie over against Holy-point which are called the Grounds And as to its division it is severed into ten Counties to wit Dublin East-Meath West-Meath Longford Kildare Kings County Queens County Caterlough Weixford and Kilkenny all which are again subdivided into several Baronies and of these Counties in order County of Dublin described DVBLIN or Divelin a fertil County for Corn and Cattle but ill provided with Wood which defect is supplied by Peat or Turff dug up in the clammy places as also by Sea-Coal brought from England It is severed into seven Baronies viz. New-Castle Vpper-Cross Rath-down Castle-knock Coolock Balrudery and Nether-Cross and by reason of its City Dublin the Metropolis of Ireland is very well furnished with Towns and inhabited by Gentry It s chief places are Dublin Dublin the capital City in the Island by Ptolomy called Eblana by the Latinists Dublinium and Dublinia by the West Britains Dinas Dulin and by the Irish Balacleigh that is the Town upon Hurdles by reason that when it began to be first built the ground being wet and moorish the Foundation of its Houses were laid upon Hurdles It is a City of great Antiquity and said to be built by Harold the first King of Norway who brought most of the Kingdom under his obedience though not without great Spoils and after the Conquest of the English was Peopled by a Colony of Bristol-men It is no less pleasantly than commodiously seated on the River Liffie which after a small course emptieth it self into a capacious Bay of the Sea where it hath a good Haven and a fair prospect and on the South it hath delightful Hills which with the several Parks here adjacent afford great Recreation to the Gentry It is a City dignified and enriched with the residence of the Lord Lieutenant as also with the See of an Archbishop with an Vniversity and the Courts of Judicature by reason of which it is a place of good Traffick being well inhabited and frequented by Nobility and Gentry as also by abundance of wealthy Merchants and Shop-keepers It is beautified with many fair Buildings both publik and private the principal amongst which are the Lord Lieutenants Palace a stately Structure built by order of King Henry the Second in the East-Suburbs then the Cathedral Church dedicated to St. Patrick consisting of a Dean Chanter Chancellor Treasurer two Arch-Deacons and twenty Prebendaries Nigh unto which is the Archbishops Palace both which are without the City in the Suburbs called St. Patricks Then the Collegiate Church consecrated to the Holy Trinity commonly called Christ-Church seated in the midst of the City which Queen Elizabeth dignified with the Priviledges of an Vniversity and not far from this is the Town-Hall called Toles-tale a fair Stone-building of a quadrangular form and here the Lord Major Sheriffs Aldermen and other the Magistrates of the City assemble together for the management and consulting on the publick Concerns of the City as to hear Causes hold Sessions c. Then a beautiful Colledge with several other fair Edifices It is at present a City of a large Extent to what it formerly was and doth daily increase in
It is a Country well provided of all things necessary for the sustenance of Man is severed into nine Baronies viz. Burrins Corcomroe Ibrickam Inchiquin Islands Clanderlagh Moyfertagh Bounraty and Tullogh And hath for its chief places Clare Clare seated on a Creek which floweth out of the Shannon Kylaloe Kylaloe seated on the Shannon near the Lough Derg dignified with an Episcopal See Kilsennerag Bunraty Kilsennerag and Bounraty not far from the Shannon a Town of some account County of Roscomon described ROSCOMON a long but narrow County of a very fertil Soil and breedeth store of Cattle but Northwards where the Curlew Mountains are it is inclined to sterility It is divided into seven Baronies viz. Roscomon Boyle Bealanioo East and West Ballintuber Athlone and Moycarne And hath for its chief places Roscomon Roscomon seated near the Lough Ree once a place of good account and strength Elphen Elphen honoured with the See of a Bishop Athlone Athlone scituate on the Lough Ree defended by a Castle and beautified with a fair Stone-Bridge And under the Curlew-Hills in former time was a famous Abby together with the Abby of Beatitude Country of Letrim described LETRIM a hilly County yet very fit for grasing of Cattle which are here in great abundance It is severed into five Baronies viz. Letrim Drumaheire Rosdogher Carrigallin and Moyhill And hath for its principal place Letrim Meukerk Letrim seated in a fertil Soil near the Lough Alyne and Meukerk MUNSTER Its Commoditles THis Province in Irish called Mown and in Latin Momonia is Mountainous Woody and of a different Soil but for the generality very fertil and abounding in Corn Cattle Fowl and Fish and the rather as being so well watered with Rivers and Bays which lose themselves in the Sea which almost encompasseth it except towards the East and North where it butteth upon the Provinces of Leimster and Connaugh which said Bays afford good Harbours for Shipping the chief amongst which being those of Bautre Mare Dingle and Sennon And along the Shoar are seated abundance of small Isles It is of a large extent Extent being from Waterford-Haven in the East to Feriter-Haven in the West about 100 miles and from Baltimore-Bay in the South to Galloway-Bay in the North about 90 and in circumference tracing its many Promontories and Indents above 500 miles And as to its Temporal Government it is at present severed into six Counties Counties Division viz. Limerick Tipperary or Holy-Cross Kerry Cork Desmond and Waterford all which are subdivided into several Baronies as shall be treated of as they come in order and first with Limerick County of Limerick described LIMERICK a fertil and well inhabited County is severed into eleven Baronies viz. Abbey-Outheney-boy Limerick-Liberty Clan-Williams Small-County Coshma Coshlea Killmalock Poblebria Kenry Cuonagh and Connelloe And hath for its chief places Limerick in Irish Loumeagh the chief City in the Province Limerick seated in an Isle so made by the River Shennon which after 60 miles course loseth it self in the Sea and by reason of its commodious scituation the River being Navigable to the very City makes it to be a place well inhabited and frequented is graced with good built Houses beautified with a Cathedral Church and a fair Stone-Bridge is honoured with the See of a Bishop and is strongly fortified with a Castle and begirt with a Wall Kill-Mallo a well inhabited Town which is also begirt with a Wall Killmallo Adare seated on the Shennon once a Town of good account And Clan-William Adare County of Tipperary or Holy-Cross described TIPPERARY or HOLY-CROSS more fertil in its Southern parts than elsewhere is divided into twelve Baronies viz. Slevardagh and Compsey Kilnemana Ikerin Iffa and Offa Iliogurty Middle-third Owney and Arra Clan-Williams Ileagh Kilnelougurty Vpper-Ormond and Lower-Ormond and hath for its principal places Cassile seated on the Showr and dignified with an Archiepiscopal See Cassile by Eugenius the Third Bishop of Rome Holy-Cross seated on the River Showr or Swire Holy-Cross once a place of good account and note for its famous Abby which was well frequented by Pilgrims and other devout persons who came to see and worship a piece as was generally supposed of the Holy-Cross from whence the Country adjoyning is generally called County of the Holy-Cross of Tipperary Emeley dignified with the See of a Bishop once a place of good account Emeley and well inhabited and frequented Clomel seated on the River Showr a well frequented Town Clomel Carick-Mac-Griffin Thurles and Tipperary Carick-Mac-Griffin scituate on a Rock Thurles and Tipperary The North part of this County which is very hilly and not over fertil beareth the name of Ormond and is honoured in giving Title to his Grace James Butler Duke Marquess and Earl of Ormond Earl of Brecknock and Ossery Viscount Thurles Baron of Arklow and Lanthony Lord Steward of his Majesties Houshold Knight of the Garter and one of the Lords of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Council c. County of Kerry described KERRY a County watered with the Sea where it thrusteth forth a largâ— Bay called Dingley-Bay and hath on its Shoar divers small Isles It is verâ— Mountainous and Woody but interlaced with fertil Valleys 'T is divided intâ— eight Baronies viz. Glaneroughty Iveragh Dunkerone Moygunnyhy Trughanackme Corkaguiny Iraghticonnor and Clanmorris And hath for its chieâ— place Dingle Dingle which hath a commodious Port on the other side of which is Smerwick-Sound a good Road for Ships Ardart Traley Ardart a place of mean account although the See of a Bishop and Traleâ— County of Desmond described DESMOND a Mountainous County and well washed with the Seâ— which thrusteth forth its Arms a good way into the Land and forms threâ— Promontories viz. first that of Eraugh lying between Baltimore and Banâ—râ— a Bay sufficiently well known for the great store of Herrings here taken Secondly that of Beare being enclosed between the Bays of Maire and Dinglâ— It hath for its chief places Donekyran Ardes Downbay Donekyran defended by a Castle Ardes and Downbay CORKE a large County lying on the Sea where it hath good Roads an Ports for Ships County of Corke described It is severed into fifteen Baronies viz. Duhallo Condonâ— aâ— Clangibon Orrery and Killmore Fermoy Imokillire Barrimore Corke Chursey Kinsale Barriroe Ibawne Beare and Bantry Musbery Carbury and Barets And hath for its chief places Corke Corke the chief City in the Province dignified with the See of a Biskoâ— commodiously seated on a Bay of the Sea where it hath a good Haven bâ— reason of which it is a place well inhabited and frequented by Merchants anâ— Tradesmen who drive a good Trade and is a place of some strength beinâ— begirted with a Wall besides a River over which it hath a Bridge Kinsale Kinsale seated at the
Mouth of the River Bany where it hath a good Porâ— and is a place well fortified Ross Ross seated on the Sea-shoar once of good account when it had a goâ—â— Road and Port which now is barred up Yoghall Yoghall fortified with a Wall and scituate on the River Broadwater at iâ— influx into the Sea where it hath a good Haven which makes it to be well iâ— habited and to enjoy some Trade County of Waterford described WATERFORD a pleasant and fertil County washed with the Sea 〈◊〉 divided into seven Baronies viz. Deeceis Gualtier Cashmore and Coshbridâ— Middle-third Vpper-third Glamhery and Waterford-Liberty And hatâ— for its cheif places Waterford Waterford by the Britains and Irish called Portblargy said to be built 〈◊〉 certain Pirates of Norway seated on the River Showr on which it hath 〈◊〉 commodious and capacious Port where about a 1000 Sail of Ships may safeâ—â— ride at Anchor It is a fair and well inhabited City enjoyeth a good Trade 〈◊〉 dignified with the See of a Bishop and is esteemed the second place of â—â—te iâ— the whole Kingdom Dungarvan Dungarvan a well fortified Town on the Sea-shoar where it hath a gooâ— Road for Ships which makes it to be of some account Ardmore Ardmore also seated on the Sea-shoar Lismore Lismore a place of some note Divers small Isles in the British Sea And thus much for the Description of Ireland besides which and Greaâ—-Britain there are a vast number of lesser Isles which may be comprehendeâ— under the denomination of the British Isles and may be considered under fouâ— sorts or heads viz. the Orcades the Hebrides the â—orâ—inges and the Isles oâ— Scilly with those of the Sporades And of these in order MAPP OF THE ISLES 〈◊〉 WIGHT IARSEY GARNSEY â—â—RKE MAN ORCADES â—â—D SHETLAND BY RIC Blome by his Matys Comand SHETLAND ISLE OF Mâ—â— To the R t honble Will Earlâ— of Derby L d Stanley and Strange of 〈…〉 〈…〉 L d Lieutenant 〈◊〉 County 〈◊〉 of Lancaster Chesir Admirall of the 〈…〉 Lord of Man 〈…〉 This Mapp of 〈…〉 humbly dedicated by Rich Blome .. â—â—â—E OF WIGHT To the Worshipfull Thomas Bucclugh of Swaynston Brixton in the Isle of Wight Esq Son heir to the Sr. Io Barington of Barrington hall in Essex Kt. and Bart. This Mapp of the Isle of Wight is Humbly dedicated by Ric Blome ORCADES â—ARSEY To the R t honble S. r George Carteret Kt Bar t 〈◊〉 Chamberlaine of his Majâ—â—s household one of his Matys most honble privy Councell c This Mapp of Jarsey is humbly dedicateâ— by Ric Blome GARNSEY To ye. Rt. Hon Christopher Haton Baron Hatton of Kirby Governour of the Isle of Garsey c. This Mapp of Garnsey is Humbly DD. by Ric Blome Isles of Orkney when first discovered and how subdued THe ORCADES or ISLES of ORKNEY are in number 32 and scituate against the Northern Cape of Scotland from which it is separated by a narrow Streight In Solinus his time they were uninhabited and overgrown with sledgy or rushy Weeds and at present they are not over-crowded with People as not being very commodious to dwell in being very cold destitute of Woods and unfit to bear Wheat so that instead of Bread-corn they make use of dried Stock-fish which they beat to powder And these Isles according to Tacitus are said to be first discovered by Julius Agricola when he sailed round Britain with his Fleet at which time he brought them under his subjection After that according to Ninnius Octha and Ebissus Saxons who served under the Britains sailed about the Picts Country with 40 Sail of Cyules that is Flyboats or roaving Pinnaces and sorely wasted these Isles Soon after this they fell into the hands of the Norwegians who kept the possession thereof until the Year 1266 at which time the Scots waging War with them Magnius the Fourth of that name then King of Norway was constrained to surrender them up again upon composition unto Alexander the Third King of the Scots which was afterwards confirmed by King Haquin And in Anno 1498 Christian the First King of Norway and Denmark upon the Marriage of his Daughter to James the Third King of the Scots renounced all his Right for himself and his Successors thereunto It s People And the People that inhabit these Isles as well in Language as Behaviour resemble much of the wild Irish and are called Redshanks a sort of People utterly rude and barbarous The chief of these Isles are as followeth POMONIA by Solinus called Pomona Diutina Pomonia and by the Inhabitants Mainland for that it is far larger than all the rest being about 26 miles in length and 6 in breadth an Isle well stored with Lead and Tin is indifferently inhabited and hath for its chief Town Kirke-wale a large Town dignified with an Episcopal See Kirkwale is fortified with two Castles and for Divine Worship hath 12 Churches one of which to wit its Cathedral is a fair Structure Hoy with other Isles HOY indifferent large having several Towns Souna Flotta South-Ranals Burra Siapins Eglis Roous Wester Papa Fana Heth or Eda Streoms Sand-Isle and North-Ranals with divers others of less note and not worth the naming Shetland Isles The ISLES of SHETLAND by some though falsly esteemed the Thule of the Ancients and by the Commentator upon Horace the Fortunate Island where according to the fabulous Opinion of Tzetzes the Souls of good men are Ferried over into those Elysiian Fields which are always clothed in their Summer-Livery but the mistake is very gross for on the contrary this Isle lying in the Latitude of 63 degrees is extreamly Cold and the greatest part of the Year pestered with Ice and Snow and the more as lying on every side open to the bitter Storms of the Northern Ocean Isle of Hebrides described The HEBRIDES HEBVDES or Western Isles as seated Westwards of Scotland are about 44 in number and for the generality are plentifully provided with Corn Woods Sheep Salmons Herrings and other Fish as also with Fowl Deer and Conies And for the People according to Solinus they are said to be uncivil ignorant of Religion Arts and Literature contenting themselves in a mean condition for Food Rayment or Habitation and all these Isles were anciently ruled by a King of their own which was not by succession but election and to that end their Kings were prohibited to marry but were permitted to enjoy other mens Wives which he fancied when and as long as he pleased And 't is said that in the other part of Scotland according to ancient Custom the Virginity of all New-married Wives were the Landlords due until such time that King Malcolme made a Law that half a Mark should be paid for redemption It seemeth Maiden-heads in these parts were then of no great value for a Mark Scotch is little above a Shilling English The
most exposed to the North to wit Pontus Bithynia Galatia and Cappadocia by the appellation of Rumla The more Meridional parts they call Cottomandia which are Lycia Pamphilia and Cilicia The Little Asia Minor which is on the Archipelago hath no other name than that of Anatolia But all these Names are little known amongst them much less those which are attributed to the lesser parts of Anatolia The Turks division of Anatolia The Turks divide it into four Beglerbeglies which are as our Lord Lieutenancies under which are 35 or 34 Sangiacats which are as our particular Governments The Beglerbeglies are of Anatolia of Caramania of Toccat and of Aladuli The two first compose all the Western part of Anatolia the two last all the Eastern part The Beglerby of Anatolia hath under him eleven or twelve Sangiacks The Beglerby of Caramania hath only seven or eight he of Toccat likewise seven or eight and he of Aladuli five or six The Cities where the Beglerbies keep their residence are Cuitage or Cutage formerly Cotyaeum for him of Anatolia Cogna once Iconium others put Caesaria once Caesaria penes Anazarbum for him of Caramania Amasia which keeps its ancient name and sometimes Trebizonde formerly Trapezus for him of Toccat and Maraz for him of Aladuli But to proceed to the Provinces of Anatolia The Province of Pontus described PONTVS is a Country of a large extent and taketh up all the length of Anatolia and was by the Romans anciently separated into four parts viz. Polemoniacus Pontus Galaticus Pontus Cappadocius and Metapontus or Pontus especially so called POLEMONIACVS hath for its chief places Nixaria formerly Neo-Caesarea which is the Metropolis Zela enlarged by Pompey and called Megalopolis Barbanissa and lastly Sebastia so called in honour of Augustus whom the Greeks called Sebastos a place for strength very considerable and contended against Tamerlane which was no sooner taken by him but to satisfie his Revenge he caused most cruelly to be buried alive in great Pits about 12000 Men Women and Children Nigh to this City is Mount Stella where Pompey gave Mithridates his fatal overthrow Here Mithridates had his overthrow This Mithridates was a great and eminent King of Pontus who for 40 years withstood the Romans not more excellent in War than in Learning and Memory who spake 22 several Languages who invented that Counter-poyson from him named Mithridate who at last by the Rebellion of his Son and the Valour of L. Sylla Lucullus and Pompey was vanquished where Pompey upon a small Island at the entrace of the Euxine Sea erected a Pillar which at this day bears his name and is by the Inhabitants shewed to Strangers as a memorial of his Victories in these parts In this part of Pontus on the rise and fall of the River Thermodon and on the Banks thereof the Amazons a sort of Warlike-Women were here said to reside so called either because they used to cut off their right Breasts which otherwise would be an impediment to their shooting or because they used to live together They were at first Scythians and accompanied their Husbands to these parts about the time of the Scythians first coming into Asia in the time of Sesostris King of Egypt These People held a great hand over the Themiscyrin who inhabited this Region and the Nations round about them and at last by Treachery were murthered A short account of the Amazonian Women who here inhabited but their Wives being grievously angred as well through Grief and Fear as Exile and Widdow-hood set upon the Conquerors under the conduct of Lempado and Marpesia who not only overthrew them but also much added to the largeness of their Dominions and for a considerable time continued in great reputation The Names of the chiefest of the Amazon Queens were Lampedo Marpesia Ortera Antiopa and Peuthesilea who with a Troop of gallant Virago's came to the Aid of Priamus King of Troy who at last was slain by Pyrrhus Son to Achilles These Amazons in matters of Copulation used to go to their neighbouring Men thrice in a year and if it happened that they brought forth Males they sent them to their Fathers but if Females then they kept them and brought them up in the Discipline of War and Courage Chief places in Pontus Galaticus PONTVS GALATICVS is Eastward of Pontus its chiefest Cities are viz. 1. Amasia remarkable for the Martyrdom of St. Theodorus also being the Birth-place of Strabo the famous Geographer and in these latter times for being the residence of the eldest Sons of the Grand Signior fent hither as spon as circumcised who are not to return till the death of their Father It is a great City about 4 days Journey from the Black-Sea 2. Themiscyra now Favagoria seated on a large Plain near the Sea 3. Diopolis remarkable for the great Overthrow Lucullus gave to Mithridates 4. Sinope of note for being the Birth and Sepulchre of Mithridates 5. Castamona the chief City of the Isfendiars which for strength and scituation is by them preferred before Sinope Chief places in Pontus Capadocius PONTVS CAPADOCIVS hath for its chief places viz. 1. Cerasâ—s from whence Cherries were first brought into Italy by Lucullus after he had finished his War with Mithridates 12. Pharnacia built by Pharnaces a King of Pontus 3. Trebezond the Metropolis of the Comneni famous for the Trade of Fish caught by the People on the Euxine-shoars here salted and then transported in great quantities to Constantinople Cassa and elsewhere In this City did anciently reside the Deputies of the Grecian Emperours for the security of the Out-parts against the Incursions of the Persians and now is the place of such Gallies as by the Grand Signior are appointed for the scouring and securing their Trade on the Coasts of the Euxine Sea The chief places of Metapontus METAPONTVS whose chief places were 1. Flaviopolu so called in honour to Flavius Vespasianus 2. Claudiopolis in honour to Claudius Emperour of Rome 3. Juliopolis in honour of the Julian Family all which are Mid-land Towns 4. Diospobis of grent resort on the Euxine Sea so named from a Temple consecrated to Jupiter 5. Heraclia a Colony of the Phocians remarkable for being the Seat of a Branch of the Imperial Family of the Comneni But above all is Tocat a good fair City built at the foot of a very high Mountain spreading it self round about a great Rock that is in the midst of the Town on the top of which is seated a Castle with a good Garrison It is well inhabited by Armenians Greeks Jews and Turks who have the command thereof its Houses are well built but its Streets are narrow and amongst its Mosques there is one very stately Here the Christians have 12 Churches hath an Archbishop under whom are 7 Suffragans Here are two Monasteries for Men and two for Women the greatest part of the Christians are Tradesmen and generally Smiths this is the
remaining nothing but Ruins Four miles from which there was another City built by Lysimachus one of Alexanders Captains which from other Cities there adjoyning was peopled by him called Alexandria or Troas Alexandria or New Troy in honour of Alexander the Great who begun the Work which though not so great rich and famous as the first yet was the Metropolis of the Province but now by the Turks quite ruinated by their carrying the Stones and Pillars to Constantinople for the beautifying of their Bashaws Houses 3. Sigaeum the Port-Town to Troy 4. Assus called by Pliny Apollonia in which place the Earth will consume the Bodies of the Dead in 40 days 5. Lyrnessus opposite to the Isle of Lesbos destroyed by Achilles and the Greeks in the beginning of the Trojan War The Province of Paphlagonia and its Cities PAPHLAGONIA hath for its chief Cities 1. Gangra remarkable for a Council there held in the Primitive times called Synodus Gangrensis 2. Pompeiopolis so called by Pompey the Great And 3. Coniata or Conica fortified by Mithridates when he was Master of this Country The Province of Lycaonia and its chief places LYCAONIA bounded on the East with Armenia Minor The most eminent places in this Country are 1. Iconium now Cogni the Regal Seat of the Aladine Kings a place of great strength whose scituation is in the Mountains advantagious for defence and safety 2. Lystra famous for the Birth-place of Timothy and where Paul and Barnabas having healed a Cripple were adored for Mercury and Jupiter And 3. Derbe where the said Apostle preached The Province of Pisidia and its chief places PISIDIA hath for its chief places 1. Seleucia built by Seleucus 2. Sagalassa scituate in the most fruitful part of this Country 3. Selge a Colony of the Lacedemonians And 4. Termessus strongly seated This Country was famous for the Battel fought betwixt Cyrus and Artaxerxes where Cyrus lost his life and the Victory out of which Xenophon made that notable Retreat with his Grecians in the despight of 20000 Men which pursued him Armenia Minor and its Cities ARMENIA MINOR is bounded on the East with the Euphrates which separates it from Armenia Major Cities of hote viz. 1. Meteline the Metropolitan City now called Suur abounding in great quantities of Wine and Oil. 2. Nicopolis built by Pompey in remembrance of a Victory he there obtained against the Forces of Tygranes King of Syrid 3. Garnasa a strong Town 4. Oromandus and 5. Arabyssus remarkable for the exile of St. Chrysostom Patriarch of Constantinople confined here by the malice of the Empress Eudoxia This Country as to its fertility pleasantness c. is the same as Cappadocia afore-mentioned The Province of Mysia and its chief places MYSIA hath for its chief places 1. Cyzicus seated in the Propontis in an Island of the same name but so near the Continent that it is joyned to it by two Bridges The Metropolis of the Consular Hellespont a place of great strength and beauty whose Walls Bulwarks Towers and Haven were made of Marble 3. Adramyttium where Paul took Shipping to go to Rome And 4. Pergamus seated in a goodly Plain on the Banks of the River Caicus a place of great strength beautified with a Library of about 200000 Volumes or Manuscripts all writ in Parchment famous also for those costly Hangings known to us by Tapestry Here was one of the 7 Churches of Asia to which St. John writ his Revelation and lastly famous for the Birth-place of Galen the eminent Physician who lived to the Age of 140 years in good health Mountains in Anatolia worthy of note The Mountains and Rivers in Anatolia may have somewhat in particular observed of them Mount Taurus begins between Lysia and Caria and extends it self all the length of Asia being a continual Ridge of Hills running through Asia from West to East which for its length height and the branches it casts forth on one side and the other the greatest and most famous Mountain in the World On Mount Ida the Trojan Paris judged of the Beauty of Juno Pallas and Venus and giving the Golden Apple to the last drew on himself and his Friends the enmity of the other two On the Mountain Tmole in Lydia Midas having esteemed Pan's Pipe to be more pleasant than the Harp of Apollo was by him pulled by the Ears not to make them greater but so hard as gave occasion to the Poets to jeer him and say that he had Asses Ears This Mountain is very fruitful especially in Vines and Saffron On Cragus was feigned to be the Monster Chimera which Bellerophon made tractable On Latmus in Caria passed the Loves of the Moon and Endymion c. Amongst the Rivers Rivers Pactolus hath rouled down so much Gold in its Streams since Midas washed there that the Riches of Croesus and others are come from thence The Granick was witness of the Victory of Alexander the Great against the Satrapes of Darius but Alexander washing himself in the cold waters of Cidnus had near lost his life The River Acheron and the Lake Acherusia near Heraclia in Bithynia are esteemed to reach to Hell and that this way Hercules brought up the Villain Cerberus Halys at present Lali served for the bounds and limits between the Kingdom of Croesus and the Empire of the Persians but it proved fatal to Croesus c. Things worthy of note in Asia Minor There are many other things observable about and within the lesser Asia The Bosphorus of Thrace or Channel of the Black-Sea or Streight of Constantinople is so narrow that Darius Hystaspes built a Bridge over it and passed with his Troops over it from Asia into Europe to make War against the Scythians Xerxes the Son of Darius did as much over the Hellespont or Streight of Gallipoli or the Dardanelles which we call the Castles of Sestos and Abydos which are seated three Leagues above the entrance and at the narrowest place of the Hellespont opposite each to other Formerly famous for the unfortunate Loves of Hero and Leander drowned in the merciless Surges Here also Xerxes whose populous Army drank Rivers dry and made Mountains circumnavigable is said to have passed over into Greece on a Bridge of Boats Sestos is strongly seated on the side of a Mountain descending to the Sea on the European shoar Abydos on a low Level on the Asian shoar The Amaniden Streights or Passes of Mount Aman between Cilicia and Syria are easie to keep the Way for about 2500 Paces being between Rocks and Crags the Feet of which are washed with many streams which fall off from the Mountains Here it was that Alexander the Great vanquished Darius The ISLANDS about ASIA MINOR THe ISLANDS about ASIA MINOR have been very remarkable to Antiquity though not so at present Islands They are almost in the Archipelago some in the Mediterranean Sea almost none in the Black Sea yet at the entrance into that
having no places worthy of note SORET is seated between the Kingdoms of Tatta on the West Soret of Guzurate on the East It hath for its chief City Janagar the Province is but of little extent but very fruitful rich and well Peopled Cassimere Bankish Kakares Naugracut CASSIMERE or QVERIMVR BANKISH KAKARES and NAVGRACVT are between the River Indus and Ganges all encompassed with the Mountains of Bimber towards the Indus of Naugracut towards the Ganges of Caucasus towards Tartaria of Dalanguer which crosses them and separates the one from the other and they the Forests of these Mountains which yielded so much Wood for the Vessels which Alexander the Great caused to be builded to descend the Indus And these are at present those Forrests which give so much divertisement of chase to the Great Mogoll Sizinaket or Sirinakar though unwalled is the chief City of Cassimere Beishar of Bankish Dankalar and Purhola of Kakares and Naugracut of Naugracut In this last the Temple of the Idol Marta is paved Wanscotted and Seiled with Plates of Gold And in Callamacka there are Fountains very cold and near to Rocks from whence seem to flash out flames of fire The Province of SIBA hath for its chief City Hardware Siba which gives its rise to the River Ganges and Serenegar on the River Mansa The Province of JAMBA gives name to its chief City Jamba The Province of BAKAR lieth on the West of the Ganges Bakar and hath for its chief City Bikaner The Province of SAMBAL takes its name from its chief City so called Sambal This Province is likewise called Doab that is two Waters its scituation being between the Ganges and Semena which together with the three Provinces last mentioned are without or on this side the Ganges reaching almost from its Spring-head unto the River Semena or Gemeni The Province of GOR takes its name from its chief City Gor. and gives its rise to the River Perselis which falls into the Ganges the Province being very Mountainous The Province of KANDVANA hath for its chief City Karakantaka Kanduana This Province and that of Gor which is beyond the Ganges doth end the Estates of the Mogoll towards the North meeting with the Tartars of Turquestan The Province of MEVAT is very barren whose chief City is Narval Mevat which ends it towards the People called Maug and others which we esteem to be in the Peninsula of India which is in the Ganges The Province of VDESSA Udessa is the utmost of the Mogolls Territories towards the East which is also within the Ganges its chief place is Jebanac The Province of PITAN is on the West of Jamba Pitan being very Mountainous whose chief City gives name to the Province The River Randa runs through the City and Province and falls into the Ganges The Province of PATNA is fruitful whose chief City is so called Patna seated on the River Persely but we have a very feeble and incertain knowledge of all these Parts or Kingdoms but those which are towards the South and particularly Guzurate or Cambaya and Bengala are better known Gusurate or Cambaya exceeding rich and fertil The Province of GVSVRATE by the Portuguese called the Kingdom of CAMBAYA hath more than 30 great Trading Cities and is without doubt the noblest greatest richest and most powerful Province of all the Mogolls Country yielding a yearly Revenue of 15 or 20 Millions of Gold and its King hath brought into the Field 150000 Horse and 500000 Foot 1000 Camels c. The Country likewise is esteemed the most fertil of all India producing all sorts of Grains Fruits and living Creatures quantity of Drugs Its Commodities and Trade Spices and precious Stones not having any Mines of Gold or Silver but three Plants which bring it an inestimable quantity as well from the Gulph of Persia and the Red Sea as from all the Coasts of India and China These Plants are Cotton Anniseed and Opium besides which there are varieties of other rich Commodities as Oil Sugar Indico Ambergreece Soap Comfits Medicinal Drugs Paper Wax Hony Butter Salt-Peter Manufactures of Cotton Linnen-Cloth Carpets Cabinets Coffers Cases with a thousand other curiosities which its Inhabitants know how to make and sell being the ablest Merchants of India Its Inhabitants They are likewise of a good Spirit and addicted to Letters serve themselves of all sorts of Arms yet know nothing of Nobility but by abundance of Riches They are all Pagans or Mahometans The Pagans for the most part are Pythagoreans holding the immortality of the Soul Pythagoreans and that it passes from one body to another for which reason they so much honour Beasts that they eat them not but keep Hospitals to receive such as are sick and lame The Cows here are in such esteem with them that a Merchant Banian according to the report of Texera spent 10 or 12 thousand Ducats at a Nuptial marrying his Cow with his Friends Bull. This Kingdom is in part Peninsula between the Gulphs of the Indies and Cambaya and in part on the Main which stretches it self towards Decan It s extent by Sea This Province though of a large extent yet hath above 120 Leagues of Sea-Coast on which it hath several fair and rich Cities and of a good Trade As also great quantities of Inland Towns and Cities the chiefest whereof are viz. Surat Surat seated on the River Tapta which falls into the Sea 12 miles below the City It is a City no less great and rich than populous and famous and enjoyeth as great a Trade as any City in India being much frequented by the English and Dutch where they have their Presidents and Factories and where they have their Houses for the negotiation of their affairs which are spacious and well built This City is built four square its Houses flat after the Persian mode and reasonably beautiful having the benefit of pleasant Gardens It hath several Mosques but none deserves commendation it is defended by a strong Castle and hath a strong Wall on all sides except on that which is seated on the River and for its entrance hath three Gates Its Port is six miles from the City where the Ships are unladen and the Commodities brought to the City by Land The Inhabitants are either Benjans Bramans or Mogolls but there are several other Nations which here reside as Persians Turks Arabians Armenians Jews c. driving a Trade but none comparable to the English or Dutch It s other places of note are 1. Brodra Brodra seated on a sandy Plain upon a small River well fortified with Walls and Forts the Inhabitants being for the most part Dyers Weavers and other workers of Cottons for which it is the chiefest place in the whole Province The Governour of this City hath also under its Jurisdiction about 210 Towns and Villages Baroche 2. Baroche 12 Leagues from Surat and 8
Towns and Cities by which they have a great Revenue Isles seated on the Gulph of Sian In the Gulph of Sian are seated several Isles some of which are well known as the Isle of Goeteinficos about 27 Leagues long and 15 broad seated about three or four Leagues from Ligor and Bordelong in the Peninsula of Malacca and between this Isle and the Land of Malacca lieth several small Isles The next of note are the Isles of Macaria and Panian then the Isles of Cara which are four in number and the Isles of Cosyn which are three in number with several others of no account Isles seated in the Sea called the Gulph of Bengala In the Gulph called the Gulph of Bengala are likewise seated several Isles the chief of which are the Isles of Chubedu Chudube and Ledoa of Dos Alevantados Aligada and Durondiva whose chief place is Siriaon the Isles of Andemaon which are 10 in number two of which are indifferent large likewise the Isles dos Cocos dos Caboses Tanasseri Tavay Alta and Craro which said Isles are not far distant from the Sea-shoar of the Land of Sian two of which are each about 20 Leagues in length and the one 10 and the other about 7 in breadth Also in this Gulph are the Isles of Caremubar of Raza dos Sombreros de Palm Siano Sambilano Batun Pera Pinaon Canal de St. Georgo Nicubar and others many of which are well known and frequented by Merchants affording several of the Indian Commodities The Kingdom of CHINA with its Provinces and Isles which may be considered as they lie Northernly and Regarding the Sea as Leaoton Leaoton or Leaoyang Richeo Pequin Peking Quangping Himpin Tianchevoy Scianton Xanton or Cinan Pamnihu Cincoyan Laicheu or Lincheu On the Firm Land as Sciansi Taven Lugan Tatong Sciansi Pingans Suchio Sciensi Siganfu Jengan Pingleang Pichin Linyao Honan Honan Temechio Caifung Nanyang Chinchio Southernly and On the SEA to wit Easternly as Nanquin Nanking Chicheu Lucheu Funiam Xanuchi Chequian with its Isles of Quinsay now Hancheu Haugcheu Liampo Aucheo Succu Chequia Mochosa or Cheuxan Sunkiam or Changque Suan Olepio Avarello Chaposi Fuquien Chincheo Focheu Yenping Chining Hinghoa Isles of Lanquin Baboxin Southernly as Canton Canton Nanhium Lampaca Quanycheu Uchuen Zauquin Luicheu Isles belonging to Canton as Aynan Kinchensu Bancao Thinosa Amacao Omandari Pulotio Quancy Quancy Colin Nangan Zunnan Junnan Hilan Within Land as Chiamsi Nanchang Kiencham Linkiang Juencheu Nangam Huquan Cingiang Huchang Vuchang Yocheu Cangte Suchuen Paoning Xunking Quicheu Quincheo Rueyang Hiauchoau Liping Cipan Pauhuâ— In Isles and Peninsula's about the Coast of CHINA as those of Corey Hianking Kingzan Civenlo Larrons Fuego Lequejo Grande De los Roys Mages de Pescheurs Gillira Wankan Tayoan Formosa Tabaca Miguel Tabaca Xima Hainan A New Mapp of y Empire of CHINA With its severall Provinces or kingdomes Together w th the adjacent Isles of Iapon or Niphon Formola Haman etc. To the Worship fl Thomâ—â— Robinson of the Inner Temple London 〈◊〉 cheif 〈◊〉 of his Maty Court of Comon Pleas This Mappe is humbly DD by RB CHINA The Kingdom of China CHINA is on the East of Asia and of all our Continent and if we consider its greatness fruitfulness riches the great number and politeness of its Inhabitants the beauty of its Cities its Manufactures and for having had the inventions of Silk Printing Paper Artillery c. it is worthy of note It s several Names Ptolomy knew this Country under the name of Sinarum Regio but it hath been observable by us that the Chinois knew not any thing of that name and that when this great Empire falls from one Family to another he that begins the Family gives such a new name as he pleases to the Kingdom and these names are very specious as formerly it had the name of Than that is Boundless Yu that is Repose Hin which signifies Great Sciam which is an Ornament Cheu that is Perfect and so others The Family that reigns at present gave it the name of Miu that is Brightness and the last Kings of the same Family have added Ta which is Kingdom so that Ta-Min signifies the Kingdom of Brightness The People neighbouring upon China take little heed of the changing of these names but on the contrary some name it in one manner and some in another Those of Cochin-china and Siam call it Cin from whence we have formed the name of China those of Japhan Than the Tartars Han the Saracens and Mahometans of the West call it Cathay under which name is likewise comprehended the Eastern part of Tartary It s greatness extends from the 18th or 19th It s extent unto the 43th or 44th degree of Latitude and from 147 to 166 degrees of Longitude and in some places from 145 to 172 that is about 24 degrees of Latitude which amount to 600 Leagues from North to South and 18 or 20 and sometimes 25 degrees of Longitude which amount to 4 5 or 600 Leagues from West to East some Authors have esteemed this Kingdom greater but the Father Jesuites have observed the height of Pequin and its most Northern parts The number of its Provinces Parts Cities and Towns It contains 16 Provinces all rich plentiful and which might well merit the name and title of Kingdoms they are subdivided into 28 Regions or less Provinces of which some have 12 some 15 fair Cities amongst which are 180 great Cities 319 great Towns and 1212 lesser in all 1771 Cities and fair Towns China very populous However it be a great number there is the same likewise of lesser places insomuch that in Anno 1557 there was found in China more than 40 Millions of Men which paid Tribute or Tax In 1616 there was near 60 Millions Among which the Women Young men under 20 years Eunuchs Souldiers Officers Sick people and those of the Kings kindred were not comprehended which together would amount to a very great number Divers Kings subject to the King of China There are accounted likewise Tributaries to the King of China 3 Kings towards the East 53 towards the West 55 towards the South and 3 towards the North which are 114 and many have assured his Revenue to be 150 Millions of Gold per annum China bounded The bounds of this great Monarchy are very advantagious the Sea washing it on the South and East where there are divers little Islands and Rocks along the Coast a Mountain of above 500 Leagues long being its Northern bounds and great sandy Desarts and Forests mixt with Mountains limit it on the West unto the South Sea these were its natural defence but upon the Tartars often invading them and being at once Master of 33 important Towns and fearing lest they should be quite subdued concluded a Peace with the Tartars agreeing to pay them 2000 Picos of Silver for the defraying the charges of their Army and they to return home and render up
fertile as that of Pequin neither is it so large so populous nor so pleasant yet with the industry of the Inhabitants it produceth Corn Rice and Mayz but in recompence it breeds great quantity of Cattle and hath so many Vines that it furnishes the whole Kingdom with Pickled Grapes and Raisins It hath likewise two sorts of Mines the one of Brimstone the other of Stones which burn and may be called Coals In the Sulphur Mines they make little holes to draw out heat enough to boyl any thing they need The Mines of Coals are inexhaustible encreasing from time to time and these Coals well prepared will keep fire day and night without being touched In this Province are about 90 Cities and great Towns six of which are of considerable note as 1 Sciansi 2 Taven 3 Lugan 4 Talong 5 Pingans 6 Suchio all which are well built and very populous The Province of Sciensi described The Province of SCIENSI or XEMSI which Purchas calls Soyohin Mendoza Sinsay is the most Westward of all the Six Northern Provinces and the greatest of all the 16 Provinces Siganfu is esteemed its chief City the great Mountain and Wall doth bound it from the Tartars the Soyl is dry yet yields good store of Wheat Mayz and Barley but little Rice it feeds much Cattle and the Sheep are sheared thrice a year in Spring Summer and Autumn their first shearing is the best It yields Musk which is the Navel of a Beast of the bigness of a Hinde They have Gold which they gather amongst the Sand of the Rivers for the Mines though it hath some yet they are not open It produceth divers Perfumes and Rhubarb which they carry into Persia and other places And it is through this Province that the Caravans come from the West This Province is very populous and is well stored with great Towns and Cities having 8 great Cities as 1 Siganfu its Metropolis afore spoken of 2 Jengun 3 Pingleang 4 Pichin 5 Lynyao with a great many of less note The Province of Honan and its chief places The Province of HONAN which Purchas calls Oyman is very fertile and the Climate very temperate the freest from Mountains and the farthest from the Sea It produceth the best Fruits in the World as well those known to us in Europe as others and that in so great quantity that they are scarce valued The River of Caramoran after having divided the Provinces of Sciansi and Sciensi takes its course through the middle of Honan and discharges it self into the Sea by the Province of Nanquin It comprehendeth 7 great Cities the chief of which bears the name of the Province it s other chief places are 1 Temâ—chio 2 Caifung 3 Nanyang and 4 Chinchio besides about One hundred less ones all well inhabited Hitherto we have surveyed the six Northern Provinces of China we come now to the 10 more to the South The Province of Nanquin its Cities The Province of NANQVIN is the fairest and richest and its Inhabitants the most civilised of all the Kingdom and the Kings of China did alwaies make their residence at Nanquin till of late they have made it at Pequin It comprehends 14 great and fair Cities viz. 1 Vmthienfu or Nanquin which is the Metropolis of the Province 2 Chicheu 3 Lucheu 4 Funiam and 5 Zanuchi all which are very populous some of which have about 200000 people which only work in making of Calicoes All which are commodiously seated on arms of the Sea which make several Isles And beside these Cities there are about 100 small ones of less note I shall only speak something of Nanquin The City of Nanquin described Vmthienfu or Nanquin as we call it yet ceases not to be the greatest fairest and richest City of the whole Kingdom next to Pequin The form and Symmetry of its Buildings in its Palace in its Temples in its Gates in its Towers and in its Bridges as likewise in its publick and particular Houses and their Ornaments are wonderful It is situate upon the River of Batampina and upon an indifferent high Hill so that it commands all the Plains there adjacent The circumference is 8 Leagues 3 long and 1 broad all encompassed with a strong Wall of hewed Stone about which there are 130 Gates at each of which there is kept a Porter with two Halberdiers whose Office is to take the names of every one that passes every day in and out and besides the strong Wall there are for further defence 12 Forts or Cittadels In this City there are accounted above 800000 Houses besides 80000 Mandarins Houses 60 great Market places 130 Butchers Shambles each containing about 80 Shops 8000 Streets whereof 600 are fairer and larger then the rest all which are broad straight and well disposed and are compassed about with Ballisters of Copper The Houses are about two stories high and built of Wood except those of the Mandarins which are composed of Hewed Stone and encompassed with Walls and Ditches over which they have Stone Bridges with rich Gates and Arches The Houses or rather Palaces of the Chaems Auchacys Aytans Tutons and Chumbims which are Governors of the Kingdoms or Provinces of the Empire of China under the Emperor are stately Structures of about 6 or 7 stories high and richly adorned with Gold in which are kept their Magazins for Arms Ammunition as also their Treasuries their Wardrops and their Fine Porcelain which by them is so highly esteemed Here are about 2300 Pagodes a thousand of which were Monasteries for Religious Persons which are exceeding rich Here are also about thirty great Prisons which will contain about two or three thousand Prisoners a-piece Also a great Hospital for the relief of the Poor At the entrace of every principal Street for the security of the Inhabitants there are Arches and Gates which are kept shut every hight and in most of the chief Streets are pleasant Fountains In this City there is accounted about ten thousand Trades for the working of Silks which from thence are sent all over the Kingdom which at every New and Full Moon amongst divers other Commodities are vended at Fairs in several places of the City It s Traffick and Commerce bring thither so great a multitude of People that its Streets are scarce able to be passed for the throng Its Commodities and Manufactures are in so great esteem that they utter better then others and all the neighbouring Countries make a great number of Manufactures The Revenue which the King receives from this Province is exceeding vast the Inhabitants paying into his Exchequer Sixty Millions of Crowns yearly besides great Excises upon all Commodities if Mandelsloe may be believed and if he receiveth so much out of one Province judge what a vast Revenue he hath from all the Provinces many of which are no ways inferior to this The Province of Chequian The Province of CHEQVIAN which Purchas calls Essiram passes likewise for one of the
Buildings have neither Morter nor Plaister here they build not without both They despise all Precious Stones and esteem more their Vessels of Earth which serve to keep their Drink which we make little esteem of but much value Precious Stones They drink nothing but what is hot those most delicate with us is cool Their Physick is sweet and odoriferous ours bitter and unpleasant They never let their sick Blood which with us is very common upon the least occasion These with several other customs contrary to ours do they observe amongst them which are too long to set down Nor want they fine Reasons to sustain their Customs better then ours they say we must conserve our Blood as one of the principal sustainers of our Life that we must not give a sick person that which is displeasant troublesom and sometimes affrights him to see much more to drink or eat that hot water augments the natural heat opens the conduits and quenches thirst that cold closes the Pores begets the Cough weakens the Stomach and quenches natural heat that their Vessels of which they make such esteem are necessary for many things in a Family which Precious Stones are not that their buildings may be easily taken down carried other where and erected in another manner when they will which ours cannot c. Amongst their Manners there are some very good they hate Games of Hazard they are very patient in bad fortune they maintain themselves honestly in their Poverty suffer hot themselves to be transported with Passion speak not ill of the absent know not what it is to swear lye or steal suffer easily all incommodities of heat cold famine or thirst yet all this rather to get the honor of being esteemed constant and vertuous then being so truly for they are subject to Vices as well as their Neighbors But lot us leave their Manners and speak a word of their Government which of late hath encountred a diversity and deserves to be known The general Estate of all these Isles was not long since divided into 66 Kingdoms of which the Isle of Japan alone had 47 which with some little Neighbouring Isles was made up 53 that of Ximo or Saycok had 9 according to its name and Chicock the other four The Estate of these Isles At present the order is much changed the whole Estates are fallen into the hands of one alone as it hath been formerly and is divided into 7 Provinces or principal parts and those 7 parts subdivided into many others which ought to pass under the name of Lordships some of which yet retain the name of Kingdoms others of Dutchies Principalities c. Those which command in the lesser parts are called generally Tones Caron ranges them in six different degree and calls them Kings Dukes Princes Knight-Barons Barons and Lords which according to our degrees of honour are distinguished by Kings Princes Dukes Marquisses Earls and Barons Caron makes 21 Kings some of which possess 1 or 2 and some 3 and in all 30 and odd of the 66 ancient Kingdoms After the Kings he puts 4 Dukes 6 Princes 17 Knight-Barons 50 Barons and 41 Lords giving each a Revenue of at least 100000 Livers per annum and so augmenting to the greatest to whom he gives 10 Millions and more and makes account that the Cube or Cesar of Japan spends at least 100 Millions of Crowns yearly as well in the expence of his house as in his Militia and what he disburses to the Tones The parts of Japan The names of the 7 principal parts into which the Estate of Japan is divided are Saycock Xicoco Jamasoit Jetsengo Jetsegen Quanto and Ochio Saycock with the Isles which belong to it is the nearest to China Chicock is on the East of Saycock the other five parts are in the great Island and extend themselves advancing from East to West Jamosoit being the most Western part of all and answering to the 12 Kingdoms which the King of Nangato or Amanguci hath formerly possessed Jetsenco and Jetsegen together make the middle of the great Island and apparently that which passed under the name of Tenza and contained 20 others Quanto and Ochio advance themselves from the East unto the streight of Sangaar which divides Japan from the Land of Jesso of which more anon Quanto comprehended 8 Kingdoms and Ochio the rest and in these parts there are abundance of Cities and Towns which I have observed in my Geographical Tables But because the diversity of names of Dayri or Emperor of Cube or Cesar of Tones or Kings Princes Dukes c. may breed some confusion to give a more particular knowledge we will say succinctly that before the year 1500 there was in all Japan only one Soveraign which they called Voo or Dayri that is Emperour The Isle or Land of JESSO The Isle of Jesso AFter the Isles of Japan let us speak a word of the Isle or Land of Jesso Yedzo or Jesso for divers Authors write its name differently some calling it the Isle some the Land abovesaid and to the East of Japan in the manner that the English Portugals and Hollanders deseribe it this Land must extend from Asia to America They say that from Tessoy which is the most Western point of it opposite to Coray and near Tartary advancing towards the East it is 60 days journey to the Province of Matzumay and that from Matzumay unto the most Easterly point and neerest America it is likewise 90 days journey so that it is 150 days journey from one end to the other which after only 8 Leagues a day will be 1200 of our Leagues It s breadth is not spoke of The streight of Tessoy The Streight of TESSOY which separates this Isle from Tartary hath great currents caused by the discharging of several Rivers which come rom the Northern parts and from Tartary and Jesso The other streight which separates it from America may in all likely-hood be that Anian and those two streights limit the two extremities of Jesso towards the midst must be the Province of Matzumay and apparently beyond the Streight which separates the Isle of Japan from the Land of Jesso and this streight may be called the streight of Sangaar which is the utmost East-Land of Japan The traverse or traject of this streight is not above 10 or 12 Leagues others say not above so many miles others there are affirm it no streight but an Isthmus which fixes Japan to Jesso and that both the one and the other together are but one Isle so difficult it is to find the truth of a thing so far distant This Isle or Land of JESSO is so great and vast that the Inhabitants cannot but have different manners those which are nearest Japan resembling the Japanois those which are near Tartary the Tartars and those near America their neighbouring Americans and in all likelihood they are more barbarous then all their neighbours Its Inhabitants They are all Idolaters
are fruitful in all Provisions especially Rice they yield Gold Ivory Saunders and Cotton feed much Cattle and their Sea affords plenty of Fish and Pearls The Air is healthful though almost in the same scituation with Gilolo except that they advance to the 6th degree of Latitude towards the South They are well peopled and its People are tall and comly They are Idolaters and much addicted to Piracy Here is esteemed to be six principal Kingdoms of which that of Macasar which gives sometimes a name to all these Isles is the most powerful that of Cion the second then those of Sanguin Cauripana Getigan and Supar the greatest Cities are Macasar and Bantachia 30 or 40 Leagues one from the other as also Celebes seated on the Sea The Land of Papous The Land of PAPOVS that is of Blucks is little known yet is no other than New Guiney and other than the Isle of Ceyram though some would confound it with them This last is to the Westward of it and the other to the Eastward both the one and the other more towards the South There are some Whites among its Inhabitants but few all lean deformed and Traytors They have Gold Ambergreece and Birds of Paradise with which they pay Tribute to their Kings and to the King of Ternate The Isles of Ceyram Flores c. CETRAM hath the same qualities and its Inhabitants like to Papous and well peopled Flores Solar Malva Susu Timor Ombo Terralta c. are divers Isles under the 8th 9th and 10th degrees of South Latitude and which advance from the 160th unto the 175th degree of Longitude Timor an other than that Timor of the Moluccoes is the most esteemed It produces store of Grains and Fruits feeds many Cattle and Fowl amongst its Drugs and Spices it hath Ginger Cinnamon and whole Forrests of white and yellow Saunders Its Inhabitants are Idolaters half Savages and had the use of Fire but lately Malva on the West of Timor hath quantity of Pepper Solar is other than Soloe or Solayo This last is 10 Leagues from Celebes and between the 6th and 7th degree of Latitude that 15 or 16 Leagues from Timor and between the 8th and 9th degree of Latitude The City Adonare is the residence of the King of Solor and there is a great trade for Saunders between this Isle and Cabanazza in Timor Solor hath likewise Gold and Pearl Almost in the midst of these Isles which we call in general the Moluccoes are those of Amboyna and Banda which are but small yet are in great esteem Those of Amboyna are Amboyna Veranula Hittou Noesan and some others The Isle of Amboyna its fertility and commodities The Isle of AMBOYNA hath its chief City of the same name which is of some considerable note besides several other small Towns and Villages This Island was first discovered by the Portugals who had here the command of a Castle and other Forts which the Hollanders took in 1605 and have possessed likewise the Fortress of Coubella Lovio and the Redout of Hittou in the Isle of Hottou The Spaniards dispossessed them a little after 1620 and the Hollanders have regained them since where they drive a great and profitable Trade The Land at first was barren but by their industry it is now become very fertil producing Rice Sugar quantity of Fruits especially Lemmons and Oranges Coco-Nuts Bonanas several Spices but principally Cloves of which alone they receive great profit Here it was that the Hollanders did once with a never to be forgotten cruelty and barbarousness murther the English that resided and traded thither on purpose to gain the whole Trade to themselves Its Inhabitants The Inhabitants were heretofore Brutish Cannibals insomuch as they would eat one another though their nearest Relations when age or sickness seised them and all Pagans but since by reason of the Commerce they had with the Persians and Arabians Mahometism is somewhat received amongst them as also Christianity by reason of the Portugals and Dutch which in time may come to some perfection though at present it is but very small But notwithstanding they make use of their Paganish Superstitions adoring the Devil who appears to them when they invoke him in which they are very superstitious and ceremonious They are much given to Sorcery and Conjurations very prophane barbarous not given to Arts or Literature They are naturally unsaithful thievish covetous stupid and very timerous In their Marriages they make no great Ceremonies taking one anothers words which as slightly they evade leaving one another upon the least occasion of offence and are free for another The Isles of Banda Nera and Gumanapi described The Isles of BANDA are three principal ones Banda which communicates its name to the rest Nera and Gumanapi and 3 or 4 lesser ones Wayer Poloway and Pulorin some add Poelsetton the most Western of all Banda hath the Cities or Towns of Londor Ortatan and Combor Nera hath that of Nera and Labetach Gumanapi hath only one of its name underneath a Mountain which vomits Fire Nera is the chiefest of all The Hollanders hold in the Isle of Nera the Forts of Nassau and Belgica and in the Isle of Poloway the Fort of Revenge These Isles are unhealthful the Nutmegs and Mace which these Isles produce make them frequented by Strangers These Fruits they gather thrice a year in April August and December Besides these Isles already spoken of there are these following which are ranged and numbred with those of the Moluccoes and are found as they lie either on the Coast or Shoar of the Isles Celebes Gilolo or Land of Papous to participate of their nature temperature soil or the like which I have taken notice of in the Geographical Table It s People The Inhabitants are Mahometans in which they are very zealous and superstitious not entring into their Mosques without washing their Feet and when they are there very fervent in their Prayers which they use often They are very obstinate and the Men are much given to idleness minding their Recreations and leaving their affairs to their Wives The People are here observed to live to a great Age. The People of all these Isles which have passed under the names of Moluccoes are of different humors those which are on the Coasts most frequented by Strangers are the most civil yet others more barbarous And on the Coast they are either Mahometans or Christians the rest Idolaters but the Spaniards and Portugals on one side and the Hollanders on the other do much trouble these Islands making themselves Masters now of one and then of another for the most part making War betwixt themselves or with the Islanders among which there are divers Kings some subject to the Portugals and others to the Hollanders Amongst all these Kings the most powerful is he of Ternate Their Kings to whom belong Ternate Mothir and Bachian likewise Cayoa and Gazea amongst the True
the Negroes the Mona's or Mani that is Kings of Congo Monotapa and Emugi and the Soba of Angola in the Lower Ethiopia he of Adel in the Coast of Ajan besides which there are many Xeques of the Arabs many free and vagabond People who for the most part live without Chiess Faith or Law The Kings of Castile and Portugal hold many places on the Coasts of Africa those of Castile hold some on the Mediterranean Sea those of Portugal hold a great number on all parts of the Ocean which encompasses Africa but the Hollanders have taken some from them and others are delivered to the English Languages or Tongues spoken in Africa Amongst a great number of different Tongues that are in Africa the three or four principal and most general ones are the Beribere or African which comes from the Ancient Punick the Arabick and Ethiopian The African and Arabick extend themselves through all Barbary Billedulgerid Egypt and Saara according as the People of these Countries descend from the Africans or Arabs The Ethiopian is in the greatest part of Ethiopia if it be not on the Coast where the commerce and confluence of Strangers hath long since changed the Tongue But the Negroes seem to have a particular Language These Tongues have divers Idioms and very different the one from the other all or at least the three first descending from the Hebrew or Tongues derived from it Their Religions The Religions which have course in Africa may be reduced to four Mahometism Paganism Christianity and Judaism Mohometism possesses Barbary Billedulgerid Egypt Zaara or the Desart part of the Negroes and a good part of the Coast of Zanguebar Paganism holds part of the Negroes and Nubia Guinny and almost all the Lower Ethiopia I comprehend the Cafres with the Pagans part of Zanguebar and some mixture otherwhere Christianity holds in Africa almost the whole Empire of the Abissines part of Egypt but the most part Schismaticks and along all the Coasts of Africa where the Portugals are the strongest they have introduced Christianity as in Congo Angola and some Coasts of the Cafres and Zanguebar As for Judaism it is scattered in many Cities on the Coast of Barbary as at Morocco Fez Algier c. Likewise in Egypt and on the confines of the Abissines and the Negroes they have the Kingdom of Ximen tributary to the Abissines but the Jews are but a small number in Africa in comparison of the others I make account that Africa being divided into 16 equal parts Mahometism would possess 5 or 6 Paganism 6 or 7 Christianity 3 and Judaism only one It s division into Parts as at this day known AFRICA as it is at this day known may be divided into these 8 parts following viz. 1. Barbary in which is found the Kingdoms of Morocco Fez Algier Telensin Tunis Tripoli and Braca 2. Billedulgerid or Numidia 3. Egypt 4. Zaara or Libya Interiour in which is comprehended the Country of the Negroes Guinny with some certain Isles 5. Nubia 6. The Empire of the Abissines or the higher or greater Ethiopia in which I comprehend Zanguebar 7. Ethiopia the Lower in which are found the Kingdoms of Congo the Empire of the Monomotapa the Land of Cafres And 8. and lastly the Isles of Africa And of these in order Under the Name of BARBARY are comprehended several Kingdoms to wit The Kingdom of MOROCCO wherein are several Provinces and which may be considered as they lie On the Sea as Susa Taradante Messa Tagavostum Tojouta Gartguessemum Hea Tednest Teculethum Goza Tefethna Within Land as Guzula Guzula Morocco Morocco Agmer Elguimha Temella Hascora Elmadina Tagodaft Teldes Teiza Tedza Ducala Azamor El Medina Asafi The Kingdom of FEZ with its several Provinces which may be considered as they lie On the Ocean as Temesne Anfa Almansor Rabatt Adendum Fez Fez Mahmora Salla or Sally Asgar Cafar-el-Cabir Lharais On the Streight of Gibraltar Habar Arzila Tangier Tettinguina On the Mediterranean Sea as Errif Gomer Bedia Garret Mellila Fetis Up within Land as Chaus Teza Dubdu Gaâ—sis The Kingdom of ALGIER with its Provinces which may be considered as they lie On the West as Telensin with its Quarters Telesin Telesin Oran Marsalquibiâ— Hanghad Guagida Beni-Rafid Batha Tenez Tenesa Sersela Meliana In the Middle as Algier Algier Temendfufta Taddeles On the East as Bugia Bugia Chollum Gergelum Steffa Constantina Constantina Bona Tabarca Tebessa The Kingdom of TUNIS with its Governments and which may be considered as they lie On the Sea and are Maritim as Benserta Benserta Goletta Tunis Goletta Sousa Susa Hammmetha El-Media or Africa El-Media Within Land as Beija or Bege Beija Urbs Urbs Arbes Musti Marmagena Cayroan Cayroan Cafsa Hama The Kingdom or Province of TRIPOLI whose chief Maritim places are those of Capes Et-Hamma Tripolis the New Lepeda Tripolis the Old The Country of BARCA or LIBYA which may be divided into The Kingdom of BARCA as it regards the Sea and makes the most Eastern Coast of BARBARY whose chief places are Camera Bernichum Torachara Tolometa Zadra Barca Cayroan Boni-Andreas Musolomarus Albertonus Roxâ— Ripaealba The Desart of BARCA within Land more Southward and under the Tropick of Cancer whose chief places are Ammon Gorham Angela Alguechet Erner Sertâ— Ascor Ebâ—ida and Couzza A GENERALL MAPP OF THE COAST OF BARBARIE WHERE IN ARE THE KINGDOMS AND ESTATES OF MOROCCO FEZ ALGIER TUNIS AND TRIPOLIS ALSO THE KINGDOMS ESTATES AND DESERTS OF BARCA EGIPT LIBYA BILEDULGERID SEGELMESSE AND DARHA With the Circumjacent Counteries By Mounsieur Sanson Geographer to the French King and Rendred into English and Illustrated By Richard Blome By his Majesties Especiall Command London Printed for Ric Blome Aº 1667. Francis Lamb Sculpit MOROCCO Kingdom of Morocco its bounds THE Kingdom of MOROCCO is the most Western part of Barbary bounded by the Ocean the River Sus Mount Atlas and the River Ommiraby The Ocean washes it on the West the River Sus separates it from Tesset on the South Mount Atlas divides it from Darrha and Segelmesse on the East and the Ommiraby from the Kingdom of Fez on the North. In Provinces It is divided into 7 Provinces those of Sus Hea Guzula and Morocco are between the Rivers of Sus and Tensift the two first on the Sea and the other within Land The Provinces of Teldes Hascora and Ducala are between Tensift and Ommiraby the two first up in the Land the other on the Ocean and these three last stretch towards the North and East the four first towards the South and West Province of Sus its chief places c. 1. The Province of Sus is about the River Sus and is sometimes extended as far as Cape de Non. Taradante not far from Atlas is esteemed the chief City of this Province its Governours and Kings having here made their residence much enriched of late by the English and French Merchants who have here a Staple for their Sugars The Town is
large and well built seated in a spacious Plain which affordeth great plenty of Sugar 2. Messa at the flux or mouth of the River Sus it is composed of three little Cities walled apart and betwixt which the River passes 3. Tejent seated higher and on the same River on a spacious Plain is likewise composed of three Towns each distant a Mile from each other having their Temple common in the midst of the three 4. Tedsa beyond the River Tagavost containing about 8000 Houses its chief Ornament being a fair Mehometan Temple 5. Capo d' Aguer seated on a Promontory so called and is a place of great importance The Fortress and City of Guarguessen in the midst of the Coast and on a branch which this Mountain under the name of Idevacall stretches into the Sea belongs to the Crown of Portugal Province of Guzula its bounds and chief Places The Province of Guzula is to the East of Sus to the South of Hea and Morocco to the West of the Province or Kingdom of Darrha and to the North of Tesset Here are observed to be no walled Cities or Fortresses of note but it hath many Burroughs and Towns of 1000 or 1200 Houses where there are Markets kept thrice a week and a great Fair yearly which lasts two Months to which many People from most parts of Africa do resort The chief place bears the name of the Province the People are rude and barbarous and with much ado are subject to the King of Morocco In the Country are many rich Mines of Gold Brass Iron and other Metals Province of Morocco and and its chief Cities The Province of Morocco particularly so called lies all between the Rivers of Asifnuall and Tensift from their Springs at the Mount Atlas until they meet about 15 or 20 Leagues from the Sea Asifnual divides it from Guzula and Hea Tensift from Hascora and Ducala The City of Morocco is the chief of the whole Kingdom and hath been a long time in great esteem and once accounted the Metropolis of all Barbary and reckoned amongst the greatest Cities in the World At which time it had twenty four or twenty five Gates being in circuit 12 Miles and contained about one hundred thousand Families It is strongly girt about with Walls and adorned within with many publick and private Buildings as its Palace which they name the Alcasar Its Churches or Mosques are very fair especially one Morocco its Trade and Commodities which is held the greatest in the World seated in the midst of the City adorned with many sumptuous Pillars which were brought out of Spain when the Moors had the possession of the Country It hath a very large and strong Castle esteemed as big as a reasonable Town Here is also a Burse for Merchants who trade hither But of late by reason of the defacement and Spoils which it hath suffered by the Arabians together with the removal of the Seat Royal to Fez now the Metropolis of all Barbary it hath lost much of its splendor a great part of the City being deserted so that they make use of but 4 or 5 Gates neither is that part so populous rich nor hath so good a Trade as formerly 2. Agmett seated on a River of the same name and at the meeting of divers passages which descend from Mount Atlas in the Plains of Morocco hath been very fair and populous and its Hills and Valley about it so fertil and beautified with pleasant Gardens that it was called the Little Morocco at present it is almost Desart 3. Elgiumuha near the Mountain and on the River Secsiva 4. Imegiagen seated on a Mountain very steep on all sides And 5. Tenezze a Town of some note All which are strong places and very advantagiously scituated Province of Hea its fertility People and chief places HEA West of Morocco a Province Mountainous and Woody yet watered with many good Rivers the Soil indifferently fertil and would produce several good Commodities were it inhabited by industrious People these being a sort of idle and in a manner barbarous altogether ignorant of Arts except some Teachers of their Law which can hardly read as also some Chirurgions who are chiefly employed in the circumcision of their Children they are generally very courteous to Strangers but very contentious among themselves It s chief Cities are 1. Tednest once a place of good esteem seated on the River Savens 2. Hadequis 3. Teguleth and 4. Tejeut places of good note and Trade the first containing about 1000 Houses having the benefit of a good Port and beautified with a fair Mosque with some Hospitals But about the year 1500 they were much ruined by the Portugals in whose possession they are who have since somewhat added to its former Estate Tednest hath about 1600 Houses the most part Jews which are esteemed the chiefest In the Mountains Tesegdelt is most considerable containing above 1000 Families and well scituated its Walls being no other than thick Rocks So are Ileusugagen Tegtesse Eitdeset Culejat c. scituated upon Mountains and of good strength Tefethna on the Coast and at the Mouth of a River of the same name The Isle of Mogadour hath a Port where there is some Trade The Isle of Mogadour near the Cape of Ocem is distant from the Coast two little Leagues The Kings of Morocco have built here a Fortress to keep some Mines of Gold and Silver which are in the neighbouring Mountains It s Mountains west inhabited The Mountains of Aidvacall or Idevacall near Cape de Guer of Demensera near the Province of Guzula and Gebel el Haden near the Tensit take up a part of the Province and are so well inhabited that the last can set forth 12000 fighting Men the first 20000 and the other 25000. Provinces of Hascora and Teldes and their chief places North of the Province of Morocco are those of Hascora and Teldes separated the one from the other by the River Quadel Habid Tefza is the chief City of Teldes and near the River Derna which falls into the Ommiraby a rich City built by the old African Moors and beautified with many Mahometan Mosques and its Walls were made of a kind of Marble 2. Elmadine is the chief City of Hascora It s People peopled with about 10000 Families scituate in a pleasant Valley and begirt with Hills it is well built its Inhabitants are civil ingenious and addict themselves to Arts Traffick and Manufactures the Women are fair as in 3. Tagodaft which is on a Mountain whose Foot is washed with many little Streams which water their Gardens 4. Elgiumuha towards the South built by the People and in a like scituation with Tagodaft And 5. Bzo likewise a City of some Trade Between the Mountains Teldes hath more than 50 walled Towns built near the streams of the River Darha These Provinces are fertil having rich Fields feed a great quantity of Goats of whose Skins are made the
And 7. Sebeicum a City near the Sea-shoar nigh to which are three small Isles Along the Coast are some Isles among which that of Gerbes is well known The Isle of Gerbes described formerly it was joyned to the Firm Land by a Bridge It had two Cities now hath nothing but one Castle worth notice and many Hamlets which gather little Corn but much Fruits among the rest Lotos so sweet and pleasant that the Companions of Vlysses having tasted them sought no longer to go into their Country This Isle hath about 18000 Paces circuit yields one of the greatest Revenues to the King or Bassa of Tripoli by reason of the confluence of Merchants who fetch thence Cloth and divers Scuffs and carry them to Alexandria in Egypt c. one of the principal parts of the Revenue of the same Bassa is the Saffron of the Mountain of Garian which is on the South of Tripoli And this Saffron is found the fairest and the best of all others BARCA Barca on the Coasts of Barbary described THE rest of the Coast of Barbary is now known under the name of BARCA it is bounded on the East with Egypt on the South with the Desart of Nubia on the West with Tripoli and on the North with the Mediterranean Sea which is also some of its Western bounds The Ancients called it particularly Libya comprehending that which is farther in the Land and which we call the Desart of Barca and divided this Libya into the Cyrenaick the Marmarick and Libya Exteriour This last being the nearest to Egypt the Cyrenaick to Tripoli and the Marmarick resting for the middle Likewise the most Northern and Maritim part of the Cyrenaick hath passed under the name of Pentapolis because it had five fair Cities to wit 1. Bernichum 2. Torochara 3. Ptolemais now Ptolometa and 4. Boni-Andreas and these four are on the Sea the fifth Cayroan within Land This by much the most famous was a Colony of the Lacedemonians and hath yielded Learned Men Its scituation is on an eminence that discovers the Sea and its Campaign as of those other Cities is moistned by divers Waters and their Soil so fruitful that some have esteemed the Hesperian Gardens with their Golden Apples about Berenice It s other chief Towns and Cities are 1. Barca an Inland City of some account 2. Melela 3. Careora 4. Camera 5. Zunara 6. Avium and 7. Saline All Maritim Towns and Cities and of some account Battus gave the first beginning to Cyrene and he and his Successors reigned near 200 years after which the City was sometimes in Liberty and sometimes under Tyrannism Among which Nicocrates having put to death Phaedimus Husband of Aretaphila to espouse her she endured him sometime her Husband and that until she had occasion to gain the Brother of Nicocrates named Leander to whom she gave her Daughter in marriage and by his means rid her self of Nicocrates and soon after by the means of her Daughter of Leander also and so set the City at liberty which endured till the time of Alexander the Great when the Country fell to the Ptolomies Kings of Egypt afterwards to the Romans to the Soldans of Egypt and to the Turks having almost always followed the Fortune famous of this Quarter and hath given its name to the Kingdom The Arab of Nubia makes much account of it in his time and lays out divers ways and gives the distances from this place to others farther in the Desart Moreover this quarter of five Cities is called by some Mesrata and its Inhabitants esteemed rich The fertility of the Country its Trade and Commodities They trade both with the Europeans Negroes and Abissines fetch from them Gold Ivory Civet Musk and Slaves which they transport into Europe besides their Native Commodities and bringing from Europe Corn Linnen Woolen Cloth c. which they carry to the Negroes Abissines and elsewhere It s other chief places in the Kingdom of Barca are 1. Doera 2. Forcella 3. Salinae 4. Luchun 5. Solana 6. Musolomarus 7. Cartum 8. Albertonus 9. Roxa. 10. Raibba and 11. Ripaealba All Maritim Towns and Cities and most of which having good and commodious Roads Ports and Havens and well frequented and inhabited Between Cayroan and Alexandria there is on the Coast the Port of Alberton Paraetonium which is considerable both for its goodness and greatness And sometimes the Ancients have called it Ammonia because from hence was a way to the Temple of Jupiter Hammon This Temple hath been very famous among the Pagans Bacchus returning from Asia which he had overcome caused it to be built in honour of his Father who under the shape of a Ram had shewed him as he passed with his Army where to find Water in those Desarts and he first consulted the Oracle and put it in such repute that divers other Heroes afterwards consulted it Perseus when he was sent to fetch the Head of Medusa the Gorgon Hercules going from Mauritania where he had overcome Antaeus towards Egypt where he was to defeat Busiris Alexander the Great to make it believed he was likewise the Son of Jupiter and that the Empire of the World was destin'd to him But Cambyses the Son of Cyrus having a design to pillage this Temple beheld his Army perish in these Desarts and was saved himself only to see his own madness and to die unhappily by his own Weapon About this Temple there are some Springs of Running water and some Trees which makes this quarter pleasant Among these Waters that which they called the Fountain of the Sun had this particular quality that it was very hot at Midnight and very cold at Noon-day the cold increasing from Morning till Noon and diminishing until Evening and from thence the heat increasing till Midnight and diminishing until the Morning There were three several ways which they used ordinarily to go to this Oracle the shortest was by Alberton which as we have said was upon the Coast and from whence it was but 1300 Stadia which are about 162000 Paces Another way was from Cayroan from whence it was 3000 Stadia or 375000 Paces ' Pliny saith 400000 the difference is 25000 Paces The longest way was from Memphis from whence it was 3600 Stadia or 450000 Paces These are 180 Leagues for this last 150 or little more for the second and 65 for the first All these ways are very difficult the Country being only Desarts of Sands so dry that the Wind moves them like the dust of the High-way and that in so great a quantity that they are able to interr Carravans And if there be any Habitations in these Desarts and where there is any Springs of Water they are distant one from the other 40 50 60 sometimes a 100 Leagues and these Habitations have little or nothing since that of Hammon the most considerable is not above 80 Stadia or 4 Leagues circuit and yet it had a King a Great Priest c. The
Quarters of which Ydausquerit Extuca and Nun are on the Sea Tesset Guadenum Ifrena or Vfaran and Archa within the Land Each of these parts have many Cities It s chief places and its fertility Castles and Villages and the most part of its People are Bereberes Africans or Arabs 1. Ydausquerit is the best Quarter and the most fruitful yields Fruits sweet and sowr as Oranges Citrons c. Also Wheat Barley c. Feeds much Cattle among others multitudes of Horses can raise 5000 Horse and 30000 Foot They are held the best Souldiers in all Billedulgerid and almost of all Africa 2. Extuca is proper only for Pastures abounds in Goats 3. Nun hath but little Barley and few Dates 4. Tesset is a Town of about 400 Houses hath some trade with the Negroes The Inhabitants of Guadenum live of Goats Milk by Hunting and of Dates and the Country hath Ostriches Those of Ifrena trade with the Portugals at Guarguessen and those of Archa hath only Dates And in these seven Quarters there are several other Towns and Cities as Buzedora Vtemila Albene Ausulima Buleza and Suana all Maritim places opposite and not far from the Canary Isles The Kingdom of Darha and its chief places DARHA is on the East of Tesset and Morocco It is divided commonly into three parts of which the chief retains the name of Dara the other are Taffilet and Ytata which pass likewise under the name of Taffilet All these parts have been divers times under the Dominion of the Xeriffs of Fez and Morocco Darha is about a River of the same name and where the River doth overflow it it is indifferent fruitful Among its chief Cities are 1. Bemsabih 2. Quitera Tagumadert from whence came the Xeriffs of Fez and Morocco 3. Taragalel of 4000 Houses and a Jewry of 400. 4. Tinzulin the most spacious of all 5. Timesguit of 2000 Families And 6. Tesuf once the Royal City of all these Quarters now in Ruins The Kingdom of Taffilet with its chief places TAFFILET hath born the Title of a Kingdom as well as Dara and its chief City of the same name hath more than 2000 Families of Bereberes To this place as Heylin observeth did Mahomet the Second Son of Mahomet Ben Amet and second King of Morocco of this Family confine his eldest Brother Amet having took him Prisoner in Anno Dom. 1544. Ytata is for the most part esteemed under Taffilet though near upon as great The Land belonging to the one and the other are harsh and Mountainous and scituated between Dara and Segelomessa Taffilet toward Morocco from whence it is separated from Mount Atlas Ytata towards the Saara or Desart where is that of Zuenziga The Kingdom of Segelomessa described SEGELOMESSA is one of the greatest and best Provinces or Kingdoms of all Billedulgerid It s chief City bears the same name is made famous by the Arab of Nubia It hath been ruined and rebuilded within 100 and odd years it is seated in a Plain and on the River Ziz Where and on those of Ghir Tagda and Farcala are likewise some other Cities more than 300 walled Boroughs and a great number of Villages The Rivers overflow and make fertil the Country as doth the Nile in Egypt The Inhabitants may raise about 120000 Men to bear Arms they have sometimes been subject to their Lords sometimes to the Kings of Fez and Morocco now are partly divided into Lines and Communalties and partly subject to the Arabs Several small Estates in and about Segelomessa Under the name of Segelomessa we will pass with Sanutus 12 or 15 little Estates which have but few Cities or walled Towns and some Villages Poor and almost all subject to the Arabs QVENEG hath 3 Cities of which Zebbellinum the chief is on a very high Rock and holds the passage of Segelomessa to Fez by Mount Atlas Gastrirum another City is on the side of a Mountain Tamaracostum is on a Plain Besides these Cities there are about 12 Towns and twice as many Villages They have sometimes aided the Xeriffs of Fez and Morocco with 8000 Men. Helel is the principal of its quarter and the residence of the Lord of Malgara Manunna the chief of Rheteb is peopled with Moors and Jews all Merchants and Artizans These places are on the Ziz descending from the Atlas towards Segelomessa Suhail Humeledegi and Vmmelhefen make each their Estate apart The last is on the way from Segelomessa to Dara The Land is quite Desart covered with Sand and black Stones TEBELBETTA hath 3 Cities 12 Villages FARCALA 3 Cities 5 Villages TEZERIN 5 Cities 15 Villages BENIGOMIA 8 Cities 15 Villages the Cities Mazalig Abuhinanum and Chasaira make each their Estate BENIBESSERI GVACHDA and FEGHIGA have each 3 Cities and some Villages Those of Feghiga addict themselves to Traffick and Letters gather quantity of Dates as doth likewise Guachda An excellent Mine of Iron employs those of BENIBESSERI in carrying it to Segelomessa A rich Mine of Lead and another of Antimony yields profit to those of Chasair who carry them to Fez the others bear only Dates and their Inhabitants are oppressed by the Arabs who rule over them Togda besides its Labourers of the Land hath some Tanners of Leather and the Soil yields Grains and Fuits I have made Tegorarin and Zeb the 4th and 5th Parts of Billedulgerid taken in general Under the name of Tegorarin I shall comprehend Tesebit and Benigorait under that of Zeb I comprehend Mezzab Techort or Techortina and Guergela Quarter of Tegorarin described TEGORARIN hath more than 50 Cities or walled Towns and 100 or 150 Villages the chief of which are Tegorarin Tuat and Tegdeat The Country is abundant in Dates yields Corn when watered feeds no Cattle except it be a few Goats for their Milk Its People addict themselves to Trade fetch Gold from the Negroes which they carry into Barbary and bring from thence several Commodities to carry to the Negroes Receiving Strangers with delight and letting nothing be lost that they can leave with them to enrich their Country Tesebit or Tesevin hath 4 Cities 28 Villages the most part of the Men are black the Women only brown and comly All poor as likewise in the Desart of Benigorait Province of Zeb and its chief places The Province of ZEB is more to the East than Tegorarin it touches the Kingdom and Province of Algier and Bugia near Mesila on the North is divided from the Regions of Mezzab Techort and Guergela towards the South by divers Mountains It s principal Cities are five Pescara Borgium Dusena Nesta Teolacha and Macaxa One part of these Cities were ruined when the Arabs entred into Africa a part by Barbarossa the most part afterwards resloted At present the Turks the Kings of Couco and Labes and the Arabs receive some Tribute from them The Inhabitants of Pescara live in the Fields in the Summer being constrained to
abandon the City by reason of the multitude of Scorpions whose biting is mortal as is that of the Black Scorpions which are towards Calaa in the Kingdom of Labes yet here the Inhabitants taking but two drams of a little Plant it cures them though bitten and preserves them a whole year saith the Arab of Nubia from biting Borghia is well peopled hath many Artizans and Labourers The Water which passes at Deusen is hot as likewise that which passes at Nefta The Inhabitants of Teolacha are proud and haughty Quarter of Mezzab its chief places c. described The Quarter of MEZZAB is to the South of that of Zeb and is a great passage from divers parts of Barbary to go towards the Land of the Negroes which makes those of the Country trade on the one and the other side They have six walled Towns and a great number of Villages are Tributary to some Arabs The Estates of Techort and Guerguela The Estates of Techort and Guerguela have each their Prince or King they have sometimes been free sometime Subjects or Tributaries to Morocco Telensin Tunis and in fine to the Kings of Algier to whom they give a certain number of Negroes in form of Tribute Each Estate takes its name from its chief City besides which they have each of them many walled Towns and about 100 or 150 Villages and about 150000 Duckats of Revenue They can raise 40 or 50000 Men but they are but bad Souldiers Techort though on the top of a Mountain and having 2500 Houses was yet taken by the Turks of Algier with a very few people and 3 Pieces of Cannon They have abundance of Dates from whence flows their Riches they want Corn and Fish they treat Christians favourably and are more civil than their Neighbours Quarter of Billedulgerid with its parts and chief places BILLEDVLGERID or BELED-ELGERED that is the Country of Dates is a particular Province of Billedulgerid taken in general This Province is above the Coast of Tripoli and we add the Quarters of Teorregu Jasliten Gademez and Fezzen The particular Billedulgerid is so rich in Dates that it takes thence its name and hath communicated it to the neighbouring Countries and to all that part which is above Barbary It s principal Cities are Tensar Caphsa and Nefsaoa and a great number of Villages Teorregu hath 3 walled Towns and 26 Villages of which the chief bears the name of Teorregu Jasliten 3 or 4 Towns and 30 Villages and the chief so called Gademez hath 16 walled Towns and about 60 Villages the chief of which are Gademes and Statio Fezzen more than 50 Cities or walled Towns and above 100 Villages The two last Estates are free the other subject to the Turks or to the Kings of Tunis and Tripoli Caphsa of old Capha which is believed to be built by the Libyan Hercules is put by some among the Governments of Tunis EGYPT may be divided into three Parts and then The first shall contain the Twelve Cassilifs or Governments within EGYPT as In the Higher EGYPT the Cassilifs of GIRGIO Asna Barbanda Girgio â—â—id Chiana MANFEâ—OUT Maâ—â—â—oâ—â— Aâ—â—otha AEBENSUEF Fium Mâ—niâ— Benisuaifa MINIO Assuana Chana Minio Ichmina CHERKâ—FFI Almona Paulicella Anthium FIUM Fium Cosora GIZA Gezâ— CAIRO Cairo Sues Elmena Larnabula Antâ—â—li Emelcocena In the Lower EGYPT the Cassilifs of MANSOURA Heroa Mansoura Belbesa Sahidum Berâ—lies Mesela Elboera Teâ—exa Faramida Cassia GARBIA Damiata Petra Bourles Beltina Migâ—â— Eliâ—ala Demanohoura MENUFIA Menufia BASBEIH or CALIOUBIEH with the Territory of ERRIF or ALEXANDRIA Tureta Zuga Euoâ— Sebennets Alexandria Turâ—is Bochira Arabum Rosetto Atacona Tunia Turamania Alhaman Democuria The Second Part shall contain the Cities seated on the RED SEA among which are those of Buge â—ibid Saâ— Cosur Ficte Dacati Suguam Libelezaita Azirut Grodol The Third shall be the Cassilif or Government of BONHERA or BAERA without the True EGYPT and in LIBYA but under its Jurisdiction whose chief places may be considered as as they lie On the Sea among which are those of Ripaealba Roxa Lagoseium Albertonus portus Solona Musulomara Trabochus portus Patriarcha portus Salinae Favara Forcella Bon Andreas Doera Laaneum Zadra Tolomeâ—a Taochara Berzebona Berâ—ichum Careora Camera Avâ—um portus Salinae Within Land as Cayroan Barca Solue Altahune Nachel Maghar Alacquin EGYPT OF all the parts of Africa EGYPT is the nearest and only contiguous to Asia and this Neighbourhood hath perswaded some Authors both Ancient and Modern to esteem Egypt either in whole or in part in Asia At present we hold it all in Africa and give for its bounds the Red Sea Egypt bounded and the Isthmus which is between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean on the East the Desarts of Barca on the West Nubia on the South and the Mediterranean Sea on the North. The Nile alone washes this Region through its whole length which is from its Cataracts to the Sea about 20 Leagues or more its breadth not being above half so much and of that breadth that which is between the Mountains which incloses the Valley of Nile on the East and the Coast of the Red Sea is but Desart there being nothing inhabited but the Valley which lies on both sides the Nile inclosed with Mountains and very narrow in the higher part of Egypt but enlarging it self much more as it approaches the Sea Of this Figure which the Country makes the Ancients have taken occasion first to divide it into high and low It s Division and Names after into high middle and low Higher which they called Thebais by reason of Thebes at present Saida Middle which they called Heptanomos by reason of the 7 Nomi Provostships or Governments it contained at present Bechria or Demesor Lower and more particularly Egypt and sometimes Delta the best part of the lower having the form of a Greek â–³ the two sides of which were inclosed by the branches of the Nile and the third by the Sea and this part is now called Errif The Romans changed something in the number and in the names of these Provinces which we shall now omit At present Egypt is divided into 12 principal Cassilifs Sangiacats or Governments of which five answer to the Higher Egypt viz. Girgio Manfelout and Aebensuef on the left hand of the Nile Minio and Cherkeffi on the right still descending the Nile two with the Territory of Cairo answer to the Middle Egypt viz. the Cassilifs of Fium and Giza on the left and Cairo with its Territory on the right hand of the Nile then four others answer to the Lower viz. Mansoura Garbia Menoufia Callioubech or Basbieh with Alexandria and its Territory for the Cassilif of Bonhera or Baera is out of the limits of the ancient and true Egypt and in Libya which passes commonly under the name of the Kingdom of Barca Egypt of great Antiquity EGYPT is very famous in that they would make us believe that the first Men were here formed and as
yielding the tenth part of what the others do so great difference is there in being at the foot and on the East of a Mountain These 5 Cassilifs answer to the higher Egypt or the Thebais of the Ancients in which are a great many Cities Walled Towns and Villages as are generally found throughout all Egypt as anon I shall have occasion to treat of Those Cassilifs of Fium and Giza with the Territory of Cairo to the middle The Cassilifs of Fium and Giza have very good Earth and which is easily watred by the Nile it yields store of Grain Fruits as Raisins c. Flax Milk feeds many Cattle c. but the Cassilif or Governour of the last hath not a free sword that is hath not power of life and death as he pleases as the others have being out of the course of the Arabs and too near Cairo of which a word or two City of Cairo described This City of CAIRO hath for a long time been all the Ornament of Egypt It was the Residence of the Sultans is now of the Bassa some make it very great others much less the first compose it of 4 parts to witt Old Cairo New Cairo Boulac and Charafat there being some void places between each they say that these 4 parts together with their Suburbs may be about 10 or 12 Leagues long and 7 or 8 broad nor give they it less then 25 or 30 Leagues Circuit They count 16 or 18000 Streets 6000 Mosques and if the particular Oratories be comprised above 20000 as also they account about 200000 Houses among which are divers Bazars or Markets Canes or Magazines of certain Merchandizes many Hospitals and magnificent structures The Castle is great strong and well fortified scituate on the top of a Rock which overlooks the City and discovers the Plain on all sides even to the loss of sight The buildings paintings and other Ornaments which yet remain do testify the magnificence of the Soldans This Castle as Heylin noteth for largeness Walls and divided into many Courts in which were stately buildings but now hath lost much of its glory being in part destroyed by Selimus that which now remains serveth for the Court or habitation of the Bassa In and about this City are abundance of delicate Orchards which are places of great delight in which are excellent Fruits Walks c. and nigh to this City there is a pleasant Lake which is much frequented by the Inhabitants who for their recreation pass some time daily on this Lake in boates for their further mutual society and seeing their friends and acquaintance Coesar Lambert his description of Cairo Coesar Lambert of Marsillia in his relations of the year 1627 28 29 and 32 saith that Cairo separated from the other Cities and Towns is not so great as Paris and if an eye witness of both may be believed he speaks truth and takes for witnesses some eminent French Gentlemen then at Cairo who confesses that joyning it to the Cities and Boroughs adjacent it may with reason be called Grand Cairo but however he maintains this to be but almost the shadow of Cairo as it was 100 and odd years since so much is the trade diminished and that according to the report of the people of the Country He saith likewise that the Castle hath been much greater and more magnificent then it is at present and observes several footsteps or proud buildings now of no use and after all saith that this is not strong Sandys his description of Cairo Sandys in his book of Tavels among other remarkable things makes this description of it saying that this great City called Grand Cairo is inhabited by Moors Turks Negroes Jews Copties Greeks and Armenians who are observed to be the poorest and yet the most laborious the civillest and honestest of all others they are not subject to the Turk neither do they pay him any Tribute of Children as other Christians do and it they happen to be taken in Wars they are freed from bondage and this priviledge they gained by a certain Armenian that foretold the greatness and glory of Mahomet Here he saith they hatch Eggs by artificial heat and that in exceeding great numbers which they do in this manner In a narrow entry on each side are 2 rows of Ovens one over the other On the floors of the lower they lay Flax over those Mats and upon them Eggs. The floors of the upper Oven are as roofs to the under being grated over like kilns onely having tunnels in the middle which have covers over them These gratings are covered with mats and on them they lay dry and pulverated dung of Camels c. three or four inches thick at the farther and higher sides of these upper Ovens are trenches of Lome which are about a handful deep and two handfuls broad The hatching of Chicken and in these they burn the aforesaid dung which yieldeth a gentle heat without any fire under the mouths of the upper Ovens are conveyances for the smoak having round roofs with vents at the top to open and shut and thus ly the Eggs in the lower Ovens for the space of eight daies turning them daily and looking that the heat be gentle and moderate then they put out the fire and put the one half into the upper Ovens then they shut all close and let them alone ten daies longer at which time they become hatched Sir Henry Blunt his description of this City Cairo I shall conclude my description of this City with some observations which Sir Henry Blunt hath observed during his abode there first he saith that there are Mosques and Oratories to the number of thirty five thousand some of which are very stately and magnificent next he saith there is twenty four thousand noted Streets besides by-Streets and Lanes and some of these Streets are about two miles in length and to all these Streets at each end there is a Door which every night is lockt up and kept guarded by which means tumults robberies fire or the like is prevented and without the City to hinder the Incursions of the Arabs from abroad there doth also watch every night four Saniacks with each of them one thousand horsemen the number of men that do every night guard this City is twenty eight thousand This City is built he saith after the Egyptian manner high and of large rough stones with part of Brick the Streets are but narrow but as the Houses decay they are rebuilt after the Turkish manner mean low and made of Mud and Timber yet their Palaces are stately with spacious Courts wherein are fair Trees to keep them from the heat of the Sun also other Courts belonging to their Palaces adjoyning to curious Gardens wherein are variety of excellent fruits and watred with Fountains nor want they any state in their Edifices which are vast lofty and very magnificent This City notwithstanding its greatness he saith is so exceeding populous
square Obelisks full of Egyptian Hieroglyphicks of a vast bigness and each of one entire piece of Stone said to be thrice as big as that at Rome or that at Constantinople Near these Obelisks as Sir Henry Blunt relateth are the ruines of Cleopatra's Palace high upon the shore with the private Gate whereat she received Mark Antony after their overthrow at Actium And he saith That about a bow shoot further upon another Rock on the shore is yet a round Tower which was part of Alexanders Palace This City after the Romans were Masters of Egypt was steemed the second of their Empire And when the Arabs seised it there was counted 12000 Sellers of Herbs 4000 Bathing-houses 400 Play-houses c. Thus was the former state of this City but at present almost a heap of ruines especially the East and South parts not the moyety of the City being inhabited And were it not for some conveniencies of Trade or the like more then any pleasure of the place by reason of the evil Air which reigns there it would be soon left wholly desolate It is now inhabited by a mixture of Nations as Turks Jews Greeks Moors Copties and Christians Now remarkable for a Mosque in which St. Mark their first Bishop was said to be buried Yet their rests still within and near the City many Obelisks Columus Footsteps of pround Building c. The City of Rosetto Raschit or Rosetto a pritty little City seated on the Nile four miles from the Mediterranean Sea a place of no strength but of a great Trade and well furnished with several sorts of Commodities Its Buildings are stately both within and without and is only defended by a Castle being without Walls or other Fortifications This City in ancient times was noted for a place of all kinds of Beastliness and Luxury Damiata is a fair City The City of Damiata and its Land excellent famous for the often Sieges laid unto it by the Christian Armies in Anno 1220. Who for 18 Moneths continuance did stoutly defend themselves till in the end the Enemy hearing no noise some of them did adventure to Scale the Walls who finding no resistance the Army marched in who then found in every house and corner heaps of dead bodies and none to give them burial and searching them found them to die of Famine and of the Pestilence which grievously raged amongst them Which lamentable spectacle must needs add terror to the beholder This City was built as some Authors say out of the ruines of Pelusium which was built by Peleus the Father of Achilles who for the murther of his Brother Phocus was by the gods commanded to purge himself in the adjoyning Lake This place as Heylin noteth was the Episcopal See of St. Isidore sirnamed Pelusiotes whose Pious and Rhetorical Epistles are yet extant And at this place Ptolomy the famous Geographer drew his first breath And these three Cities after Cairo are at present the fairest of Egypt There are abundance of other Cities which are yet in some repute as Suez and Cossir seated on the Red Sea Suez noted for its Arsenal and Cossir for its reception of the Merchandizes of the East and Saiet a fair Town not far from Cairo on the Nile by some said to be the dwelling place of Joseph and Mary whither they sled with Christ for fear of Herod where are yet the ruines of a fair and beautiful Temple which as they say was built by Helena the Mother of Constantine with several others too tedious to name But to speak truth Egypt is nothing in regard of what it was under its first Kings with several other as I have set down in my Geographical Tables as they are found in the said Twelve Cassiliffs and are all commodiously and pleasantly seated on the Banks of the Nile which traverses the whole Countrey dividing it self into several streams especially in the Higher Egypt where with several Mouths it fullâ— into or receives the Mideterranean Sea Also I have noted several Cities seated on the Red Sea to which I refer the Reader The Lakes of Bucheira and Moeris In this Countrey are two Lakes the one is called The Lake of Bucheira in the Territory of Alexandria and is about twelve Leagues in length and seven in breadth the other is called The Lake of Moeris in the Cassilifs of Giza and Fium and is about 27 Leagues in length and 20 15 10 5 and 3 in breadth Thus much for the Description of the Countrey In the next place I shall treat of the Inhabitants as to their Laws Religion Customs Antiquities Hieroglyphicks Stature Habit c. Also the Fertility and Rarities of the Countrey amongst which I shall end with the Description of the Nile Their Laws execution of Justice Their Laws as to Justice and Government are perfectly Turkish and therefore I shall refer the Reader to the Description of the Turks as ye may find it treated of in the Description of Constantinople their Metropolitan City Yet for rigor in their punishments they exceed other parts of Turkey and that by reason of the treacherous malicious and base dispositions of them their executions being different according to the quality of the Crime for some offences they use slaying alive for others impaling cutting them off with a red hot Iron at the Waist for others oynting with Honey in the Sun also some they hang by the Foot and the like cruelties The ancient People of this Countrey were Heathens worshipping the Sun Moon and Stars sacrificing to Apollo Jupiter Hercules and the rest of the gods also attributing divine honors to Serpents Crocodiles as also to Garlick Onions and Leeks But the god which thay most adored was Apis a coal-black Ox with a white Star in his Fore-head two Hairs only in his Tail and the form of an Eagle on his back but now Mahometism is much received amongst them The Christian Faith was here first planted by St Mark who was the first Bishop of Alexandria And these Christians are all of the Jacobites Sect observing the same Customs and Forms of Ceremonies in their Religion as those formerly treated of in Asia Its antiquities Among the many Rarities or Antiquities of this Countrey are the Pyramides as also the Obelisks and Columns spoken of before next on the Banks of the River Nile stood that famous Labyrinth built by Psamnicus a place of an exceeding great bigness containing 1000 Houses besides 12 Royal Palaces within an intire Wall Which had but one entrance but exceeding many turnings and windings which caused the way to be exceeding difficult to find the building being as much under ground as above The buildings were of Marble and adorned with stately Columns The Rooms were fair and large especially a Hall which was the place of their general Conventions which was adorned with the Statues of their gods and composed of polished Marble Not far from the Pyramides doth stand the Colossus being in form of an
Tunis and Tripoli to the Negroes BERDOA is no less Desart than that of Lempta Berdoa but it hath Dates about those places which are inhabited and which are well furnished with Water They count three little walled Cities and some Towns the chief bearing the name of the part Borno and Goaga BORNO and GOAGA are scarce Desart They have each their King He of Borno is of the Race of Berdoa and his People part Black part White are civil and drive some Trade But they have likewise their Wives and Children in common and scarce any Religion as formerly the Garamantes The King of Goaga descended from a Black Slave who having seized on the estate of his Master after having bought some Horses ran over the Neighbouring Countries traded for some time for Slaves against Horses whom he made mount on his and became Master of this Estate more than 200 years ago Part of his People are Christians as those of Egypt but ignorant and almost all Shepherds The chief places in Borno are Amasen Kaugha and Borno the two former seated in the Lake Semegda The chief place of Goaga bears the same The Land of NEGROES The Land of Negroes its Name People and Parts described THE Negroes are People about the River Niger which hath taken its Name from these People and these People from their Colour and not the People from the River as some have believed They are divided into many Parties or Kingdoms of which some are on this side others beyond and others between the Branches of the Niger We have placed on this side the Kingdoms of Gualata Genehoa Tombut Agades Canum Cassena and Gangara Beyond those of Melly Sousos Mandingue Gago Guber Zegzeg and Zanfara Between the Branches and about the Mouths of Niger are a great number of People Kingdoms and Signiories The principal People are the Jaloffes between the Branches of Sanega and Gambea the Casanguas between St. Domingo and Rio Grande and the Biafares beyond and along Rio Grande The most famous Kingdoms of the Jaloffes are those of Sanega and Gambea Among the Casanguas those of Casamanse and Jarem among the Biafares those of Guinala Biguba and Besegue All these Kingdoms and People and likewise the others which are about the Niger are so little known that some think it not worth the pains to set down their Names We will speak only of what shall seem most remarkable Kingdom of Gualata GVALATA is one of the least having in it not above three Towns of which Guadia is the chief besides some few Villages Fruitful in Dates they are coal black live in a mean condition and without any form of Government or settled Laws They have no Gentry among them but to their power are civil to Strangers Kingdom of Geneboa GENEHOA is rich in Grain Cotton Cattle and Gold for which they have a good trade with the Merchants of Barbary and by reason of the overflowing of the Niger the Soil is very fertil yet have they not many Towns that most known is where their King resideth who is a Vassal to the King of Tombut beareth the name of the Kingdom And here it is that their Priests Doctors and Merchants inhabit The Priests and Doctors wear white Apparel and for distinction all the rest wear black or blew Cotton It s other places are Samba-Lamech Ganar and Walade Kingdom of Tombut TOMBVT hath quantity of Gold is well watered with the Niger which makes it very fruitful especially in Grains and it hath good Pastures which feed many Cattle The chief place gives name to the Kingdom scituate on a branch of the River Niger It is the residence of their King who hath a fair Palace built of Lime and Stones all the rest of the Houses except one fair Church is made of Mud and Thatched It is well filled with Merchants who drive a good Trade betwixt this and Fez. This King within this 100 and odd years hath subdued and made tributary a great part of the Negroes is magnificent in his Court of the Mahometan Religion keeps ordinarily 3000 Horse for his Guard and hath marched against the Xeriffs of Morocco with 300000 Men. It s other places are Salla and Berissa also seated on the Niger Gugneve Carogoli and Cassali Kingdom of Agades AGADES hath great quantities of Cattle and are much given to grasing and looking to them making it their livelyhood using the Ancients custom of Tents and removing up and down for the conveniency of fresh and good Pasture for their Cattle and among their Moveable Towns their chief bears the name of the Kingdom in which the King resideth who is Tributary to him of Tombut It s other places are Deghir Mayma and Mura seated on a Lake of the Niger Kingdom of Canum CANVM besides its Cattle hath Grain Rice Cotton and Fruits hath Springs of Running-water as also a good River which issueth forth many little Rivulets it is well stored with Wood is very populous and hath several Towns the chief being Cano wherein is the Palace of their King who is also Tributary to him of Tombut This Town is environed with a Wall of Chalk-Stone of which most of the Houses are built and well frequented by Merchants Its next chief place is Germa Kingdom of Cassena CASSENA is craggy barren and very Woody yet it yields some store of Barley and Millet The People live very meanly wanting many things that the other Kingdoms have plenty of and their Houses and Towns are as poor among which Cassena is the chief next Nebrina and Tirca Kingdom of Gangara GANGARA is rich in Gold hath not many Towns the chief whereof bears the name of the Kingdom in which the King resideth being also the habitation of many Merchants and its King is very absolute and hath a great Revenue His Militia is in some esteem among the Negroes being observed to keep in continual pay 500 Horsmen and 7000 Men which use Bows and Scimitars The next is Semegonda seated on a branch of the Niger Kingdom of Melly MELLY is a spacious and fruitful Kingdom seated all along on a branch of the River Niger which makes it very fertil in Corn Cattle Dates Fruits Cotton Wool c. And by reason of the conveniency of the said River hath a good Trade for their Commodities with other Countries It s chief Town takes its name from the Kingdom containing about 6000 Houses indifferently well built but unwalled It is the Seat-Royal of their King they have likewise here a famous Colledge and many Temples which are well furnished with Priests and Doctors who read the Mahometan Law and under whom the youth of this Kingdom as also those of Tombut and other parts of the Negroes are educated These People are esteemed the most ingenious the wittiest and most civil to Strangers of all the Negroes Their King is also tributary to the King of Tombut Kingdom of Souson SOVSOS hath divers
the Bell which being fed with Sugar-Canes after the Juyce is drawn out grow fat and become so excellent that their Pullain is accounted for no value to them even for sick people The middle of the Isle is filled with Mountains which are loaden with a great number of Trees which are always covered with Clouds which so moisten the Trees that from them â—alls so much fresh water as makes many little streams which waters all parts of the Island The Portugals have built the City Pavoasan containing about 〈◊〉 or 800 Houses and some Forts to defend the Port They have erected a Bishoprick and do allow of no Religion but the Christian This Town is vell frequented by Portugal Merchants who trade in the Commodities aforesaid The Inhabitants are Negroes and very black PRINCES ISLAND hath a little City and the Inhabitants live conveniently the Isle being fruitful Princes Island yielding Fruits Sugar some Ginger c. Once taken by the Hollanders who for some reasons soon abandoned it The Island of Annobon The Island of ANNOBON yields Sugars Cottons Cattle and excellent Fruits especially large Oranges In this Isle there is a Town of 100 or 120 Houses of Blacks who are governed by some few Portugals The Isle of St. Hellena The Island of St. HELLENA was first discovered by the Portugals upon the 21 of May on which day is celebrated the memory of St. Helena the Mother of Constantine the Great from whom it took its name This Isle is so fertile that it is observed no place in all Europe yields the like plenty for with manuring and cultivating the Earth it produceth excellent Fruits which are here found all the year It hath great store of Barbary Hens Feasants Partridges Pigeons Quails Peacocks with several sorts of small Birds in great plenty it hath also Goats Swine c. Yet this Isle is not inhabited but serves for the English Portugals Spaniards and Hollanders to refresh themselves in going but for the most part in returning from the Indies it being sufficient to furnish Ships with Provision for their Voyage here being Salt to preserve the Meat from stinking and besides the Air is so healthful that they often leave their sick people there who in a short time are restored to perfect health and by the next Ships that put in there are taken in again During which time they find wherewithal to feed them But some years ago the Hollanders ruined all that was good only to spite the Spaniards who afterwards did the same that the English Hollanders c. might have no profit by it This Island is well furnished with good Waters which alone is a great refreshment to Ships Other Isles not inhabited The Islands of FERNAND POO St. MATTHEWS and ASCENSION are also not inhabited and of no great account nor much known which we shall pass by saying only that they have some Fowls Wild Beasts and their Seas yield Fishes NVBIA Nubia and its bounds NVBIA is bounded on the North West and South almost every where with Mountains which separate it from the Desart of Barca and Egypt on the North from Saara and the Negroes on the West and from the Abyssins on the South the rest towards the East is hounded in part by the Nile which separates it from the Isle of Gueguere in part by an Imaginary Line which separates it from divers Provinces of which some belong to the Turks who hold all that is on the Red Sea which they have taken from the Abyssins It s length and breadth It s chief places NVBIA thus taken makes a long square whose length from South-West to North-East is about 400 Leagues and its breadth from South-East to North-West almost every where 200 Leagues The chief Cities of Nubia are Cusa Gualva Dancala Jalac and Sula according to the Arab of Nubia Moreover and in the same Author I find that Tamalma Zaghara Mathan Angimi Nuabia Tagua and some others fall likewise in Nubia and by some Authors Gorham which some would put among the Negroes should be likewise in Nubia because it is on the Nile There where it can have no communication with the Negroes who ought to be upon and about the Niger Likewise Damocla towards the Negroes and Bugia towards Egypt ought to be esteemed in Nubia The City of Gorham Gorham is on the Nile and on the Coast of the Isle Gueguere Sanutus make a Kingdom a Desart and a People of this name and extends them almost alâ— the length of the Isle Gueguere not making any mention of the City of this name nor John Leon of Africa nor the Arab of Nubia nor Vincent Blanck who saith he hath been in these quarters and speaks only of the Desart oâ— Gorham Other Authors make mention of this City and describe it on the Nile Sanutus saith that there are found Emeralds in those Mountains which bound Gorham on the South Except only Gorham the Arab of Nubia observes the distances between all the other Cities which we have taken notice of and saith that Tamalma hath many Inhabitants no Walls makes little account of Mathan and Angimi Moreover he esteems Mathan the Residence of the King of Canem who holds here many Cities makes Zaghara better and saith it hath some Trade Tagua and Nubia more from which last the Region and People took their names John Leon and Sanutus after him esteems Dancala or Dangala the chief of the Kingdom seated on the Nile and that it hath about 10000 Families And he saith its Houses are built with Chalk and covered with Laths or Boards The Inhabitants civil and rich driving a good Trade through all Egypt even to Cairo whither they carry Arms Cloths Civet Sanders and Ivory They have a certain Poyson worth 100 Ducats an Ounce which they sell only to strangers which promise not to use it in the Countrey And also Bugia seated on the Nile a City of some account and Trade as is Jalac Gualva and Cusa also seated on the Nile The Empire of the ABISSINES or the HIGHER AETHIOPIA wherein are comprehended divers Kingdoms Countreys Coasts Isles c. which may be considered as they lye Northernly and towards EGYPT as The Kingdom of NUBIA with its Estates and Cities of Gorham Jalac Mathan Gualva Dancala Cusa Zaghara Bugia Angimi Tamalma Sula Tagua North-Easternly and towards the Red Sea as The Coast of ADEX which comprehendeth the Kingdom of BARNAGASSO Suaquen Ercocco Carna Corberia Barva Zama ISLES of Bahia Suaquem Mire Macruma St. Peitre Easternly and towards the Sea of ZANGUEBAR as The Coast of AJAN which comprehendeth the Kingdom of ADEA Brava Magadoxa Barraboa Quilmanca Kingdom of ADEL Adel Zeila Barbora Meta. ISLE of Zocotora The Coast of ZANGUEBAR with its Estates and Cities of Mongale Chelicia Pate Lamon Angos Mongalo Melinda Mombaze Angos Quiloa Mozambique Darcelum ISLES about the Coast of ZANGUEBAR as Monfia Santus Rochus Zanzibara Penda Southernly Westernly and towards the Kingdom of CONGO
weather they make their Webs so strong that ofttimes Birds are entangled and catched in them Cocheneil and Tobacco with some Pearls and Amber It s chief Commodities are their principal Riches for which they have a good trade Their Governour is sent them by the King of England who governs them by our English Laws whom they also own as their Supream and it is observed that scarce any are found to die but with Old age MEXICANE with its several Audiences of MEXICO whose Provinces with their chief Places are those of FLORIDA St. Hellens Port Royal St. Matthews St. Augustin St. Jago Naguater MEXICO particularly so called Mexico Chulula Tezcuco Quitlavaca Queretaro Mestitlan Cuyocan Acapulco PANUCO St. Jago de los Valles Pabuco St. Lewis de Tempue MECHOACAN Mechoacan Colima St. Philip. THASCALA Thascala los Angelos GUAXACA Antequera Spiritu Sancto TABASCO Nos Sen. de la Victoria JUCATAN Merida Campeche GUADALAJABA whose Provinces with their chief Places are those of GUADALAJARA Guadalajara St. Maria de las lagos XALISCO Compostella la Purification Xalisco CHIAMETLAN St. Sebastian CULLACAN St. Michael Pâ—astâ—â— CINALOA St. John LOS ZACATECAS Zacatecas Nombre de Dios. NEW BISCAY St. John St. Barbara QUIVIRA St. Fee ANIAN CIBOLA Cibola CALIFORNIA Port de Montere Port de Roque GUATEMALA whose Provinces with their chief Places are those of GUATEMALA St. Jago the Guatemala St. Salvador la Trinidad St. Michael Xeres VERA PAX Vera Pax. SOCONUSCO Guevetlan CHIAPA Cuidad Real HONDURAS Valadolid Gratias di Dios Truxillo St. George de Olancho NICARAGUA Leon Granada Jaen COSTARICA Cartago Nicoya Castro de Austrio VERAGUA la Conception Trinadad Sancta Feo Parita St. DOMINGO In which are the Isles of ANTILLES or CAMERCANES otherwise called the Isles of LUCAYES and the CARIBE Isles the chief among which are those of CUBA St. Jago St. Spiritus Porto del Principe St. Christophoro JAMAICA St. Jago Port Royal Passage Melilla HISPANIOLA St. Domingo Porto del la Platâ— St. Jago Monto Christo SAONA St. Juan del puerto Rico St. Germain BOREQUEM St. Juan del Puerto Rico. St. CRUX St. CHRISTOPHERS Sandy point Basse terre NIEVES ANTEGO MONT SERRAT GUADELOUPE MARIGALANTE MARTINIQUE St. OLOUZIA BARBADOS St. Michaels Little Bristol St. James Charles Town St. VINCENT GRENADO BARBADA ANGUILLA DOMINICA MEXICO OR New Spain MEXICO or NEW SPAIN is the fairest and most famous part of America Septentrionalis and sometimes the Spaniards comprehended under this name all that America We may esteem that which belongs to the Catholick King for the greatest part in which we shall have several Provinces and all comprised under four Audiences or Courts of Parliament viz. that of St. Domingo of Mexico which bears the particular name of New Spain of Guadalajara or Nova Gallicia and of Guatimala The Audience of St. Domingo The Audience of St. DOMINGO hath under it all those Islands which are before the Gulph of Mexico then Florida which is North-West of them and in America Septentrionalis and Venezuela New Andalousia and Rio del Hacha which are towards the South of them and in America Meridionalis The Audience of Mexico and its Provinces The Audience of MEXICO hath the Provinces of Mexico Panuco Mechoacan Tlascala Guaxaca Tavasco and Jucatan That of Panuco is North of Mexico Meochan West Tlascala East Guaxaca Tavasco and Jucatan continuing likewise towards the East The two last lie wholly upon Mer del Nort Guaxaca and Tlascala on the two Seas of North and South Mexico and Mechoacan only on that of the South and Panuco on that of the North. The Audience of Guadalajara and its Provinces The Audience of GVADALAJARA contains the Provinces of Guadalajara Xalasco Los Zacatecas Chiametlan Cinaloa some add New Biscany and others likewise Cibola Quivira Anian California c. New Biscany and Los Zacatecas touch not the Sea Guadalajara little to wit between Xalisco and Chiametlan and these begin on Mer del Sud Others advance themselves far into that which they call Mer Vermejo or the Red Sea the Isle of California being on the other side The Audience of Guatimala and its Provinces The Audience of GVATIMALA South-East of that of Mexico continues between the Seas del Nort and del Sud advancing towards America Meridionalis There are under it the Provinces of Guatimala Soconusco Chiapia Vera Pax Honduras Nicaragua and Castorica and these two last lie on both Seas Honduras and Vera Pax on the Gulph of Honduras towards the Mer del North Chiapa within Land Guatimala and Soconusco on the Mer del Sud The Audience of MEXICO so called from its principal City now known by the name of Nova Hispania and by this City of Mexico the Spaniards began to make themselves absolute Lords of all these Quarters Which before their arrival was very populous but in the space of 16 or 17 years destroyed above six Millions of its Inhabitants by cruel and unchristian-like deaths as roasting some cutting off the Members of others putting out the Eyes of others casting others alive to be torn in pieces and devoured by wild Beasts and the like horrid deaths and only to act their Tyranny over them rather than to reduce them to obedience which might have been otherwise obtained without shedding so much Blood The City of Mexico described This City was called by its ancient Inhabitants Tonoxtitlan and was the residence of their Kings and is at present the fairest of all America seated in the midst of a Lake in some places 10 Leagues long and 7 or 8 broad having 25 or 30 Leagues circuit It is not joyned to the Main Land but by 3 Caus-waies of which that towards the West is but 3 quarters of a League long that towards the North a League and an a half and the last 3 Leagues It was by this last that Cortez and the Spaniards made their approaches and took the City All this Lake is salt but there falls into it another almost of the same bigness which is fresh and good to drink both together are 45 or 50 Leagues circuit in which are said to be about 50000 Wherries continually seen to row and carry Passengers they have about 50 Burgs or Towns on their Banks whereof some have once been esteemed great Cities The salt Lake yields quantity of Salt the other so much Fish that its Fishing hath been farmed for 100000 Crowns yearly In this City may be found 4000 Natural Spaniards 30000 Indians or Americans there having heen formerly 200000 20000 Negroes and its Jurisdiction contains 250 Towns of which some have their Schools more than 3000 some say 6000 Estancia's that is Farms and in all 500000 Americans Tributaries The residence of a Vice-Roy c. It is the residence of the Vice-Roy of America Septentrionalis as also of an Archbishop and many other Officers of Justice of the Mint and of the Inquisition It hath a famous Academy 150 Monasteries for the one and the
Country which are not wrought good Salt-pits out of which they draw the greatest profit c. The Province of Mechoacan and chief places described The Province and Bishoprick of MECHOACAN between those of Mexico and New Gallicia stretches on the Coast of Mer del Sud near 100 Leagues advances within Land from that Coast to the Zacatecas near 150 Leagues Places of most note are 1. Colina seated ten Leagues from the Sea built by Gonsalvo de Sandoval in the year 1522. 2. Zacatula on the Mer del Sud and at the Mouth of a River of the same name 3. Mechoacan the Metropolis which takes its name from the Province so called now the Seat of the Archbishop 4. Zinzouza once the Seat of the Kings of Mechoacan 5. Pazcuaro once the Seat of the Bishop 6. Valladolid seated near a Lake as large as that of Mexico once the Seat of the Archbishop till removed to Mechoachan 7. La Conception de Salaga 8. St. Michael built by Lewis de Velasco then Vice-Roy of Mexico 9. St. Philip built by the said Velasco at the same time to assure the way going from Mechoacan or Mexico to the Silver Mines of Zacatecas this way being often pestered and frequented by the Chichimeques Otomites Tarasques and other barbarous and as yet unconquered People who greatly perplex and annoy the People that border upon them Some place likewise in this Province the Cities of Leon of Zamora of Villa de Lagos and about 100 Towns of which many have their Schools The Soil of this Province and its Commodities The Soil of this Province is very different but every where fertil and in most places yields such great increase of all sorts of Grains Fruits c. that it hardly hath its fellow in the whole World It produceth likewise Cotton Ambergreese Gold Silver Coppers soft and hard of the soft they make Vessels of the hard Instruments instead of Iron They have black Stones so shining that they serve them instead of Looking-Glasses They have store of Plants Medicinal Herbs Mulberry-trees Silk Hony Wax c. The Country is said to be so healthful and of so sweet an Air It s Air. that Sick people come hither to recover their health It is well stored with Rivers and Springs of fresh Water which makes their Pastures exceeding rich and fat Cattle and Fowl are here found in great plenty and their Rivers and Lakes afford store of Fish The vertue of the Plant Gozometcath Between COLIMA and ACATLAN is found the Plant Gozometcath or Olcacazan which takes Blood-shot from the Eyes preserves the strength of the Body or restores it to the Weak cures the Tooth and Head-ach resists all Poysons and in fine is most excellent against all Diseases Those of the Country will judge of the event of any Sickness whatsoever it be when they apply the Leaf on the party If they fasten easily they soon hope a cure but if they resist or fall off they expect nothing but a great and long sickness or death The Province of Thascala with is Cities described THASCALA or LOS ANGELOS is between Mexico and the Gulph of Mexico from whence it advances unto the Mer del Sud stretching it self on the Coast of this Sea 25 Leagues on the other 75 or 80. Places of most note are 1. Thascala which gives name to this Province once the Seat of a Bishop and once governed in form of a Common-wealth and exceeding populous It had four principal Streets or Quarters which in time of War were each of them governed by a Captain and in the midst of these Streets it had a most spacious Market-place which was always thronged with People for the negotiating of their Affairs It is scituate on an easie ascent betwixt two Rivers encompassed with a large pleasant and fruitful Plain about 20 Leagues in compass 2. Los Angelos or the City of Angles a fair City built by Sebastian Ramirez Anno 1531 now the Bishops Seat 3. Vera Crux built by the said Cortez being a place of great concourse by reason of its near scituation unto the Gulph from whence it is a thorough-fare to the City of Mexico which is distant from it 60 Leagues It s Port of St. Joan de Vlva though but bad is in some esteem being the best on the Mer del Nort and held more commodious than that of Mexico 4. Zempoallan seated on a River of the same name the Inhabitants whereof did Ferdinando Cortez good service in his conquest of Mexico Beside those Towns or Cities they count in this Bishoprick or Province 200 Towns 1000 Villages and 250000 Indians under its Jurisdiction which are exempted from all extraordinary charge and imposition because of their assisting the said Cortez in his conquest of Mexico The Country is more hot than cold fruitful in Corn Mayz Sugar Wine The fertility of the Province Fruits feeds much Cattle full of rich Pastures well watered with fresh Streams In the Valley of St. Paul was a Country man possest of 40000 Sheep which were the product of only two which were brought him from Spain The Inhabitants are much of the same nature and condition with those of Mexico aforesaid The Province of Guaxaca with its chief places described GVAXACA is between the Mer del Nort and Sud The Plain of the Province makes a Lozenge whose 4 sides are each 75 Leagues or little more Its Cities are 1. Antequera a Bishprick and which sometime communicated its name to the Province It is seated in the Valley of Guaxaca and adorned with stately Buildings and beautified with a magnificent Cathedral Church whose Columns are of Marble and of a prodigious height and thickness 2. St. Jago seated in the Valley of Nexapa but upon a lofty Hill 3. St. Ilefonso on a Mountain in the Province of Zapoteca 4. Spiritu Sancto in the Quarter and on the River of Guaxacoalco near the Mer del Nort. 5. Cuertlavaca of note for a Labyrinth not far distant hewed out of a Rock 6. Aquatulco a noted Port on the Mer del Sud well frequented by those who transport the Merchandizes of Europe and Mexico to Peru a place of great Riches till plundered by those two eminent Travellers Drake and Cavendish both Englishmen besides those places there is said to be 300 Towns and as many Estancia's or Hamlets which are inhabited by the Natives of the Country which pay Tribute to the Spaniards The divers Quarters of this Province are all fertil not only in Grains The fertility and commodities of this Province but also in Fruits Cocheneil Silk Cassia and the Earth well stored with Mines of Gold Silver and other Metals and almost all the Rivers stream down sand-Gold Here is also a kind of Almond which they call Cacao which they make use of instead of Mony The Province of Tavasco described TAVASCO is only a Coast of an 100 leagues long between Guaxaco and Jucatan scarce 25
ill peopled they fish for Pearls in Mer Vermejo and on the East of the Coasts of California and likewise along and on the Coasts of New Granada or New Mexico Mark de Niza a Franciscan his Relations of this place Mark de Niza a Franciscan made a Voyage into these parts in 1529 and at his return recounted Marvels of what he had seen and understood of People that wore about their Heads pieces of Mother of Pearl of divers Provinces rich in Gold of Cities and Houses well built whose Gates were adorned with Turquoises and other Stones That the chief City of Cibola was greater than Mexico That the Kingdoms of Marata Acu and Tonteac were likewise very rich and powerful Also the description of these parts by Vasque de Cornada The Relation of this Fryar caused Mendoza Vice-Roy of Mexico to send Vasque de Cornada Governour of New Gallicia to search out the truth Who far from finding the Riches he hoped for found only people naked very poor rude and barbarous some Cities he found indifferently well built but sadly furnished assuring us that the Kingdoms of which the Fryar had made so much account of were almost all Imaginary Tonteac being only a Lake about which there were some few Habitations Marata a thing invisible and Acu a beggerly Town in esteem amongst them only gathered some Cotton Possibly the Fryar said more than he had seen that he might incite the Spaniards to send some Colonies hither and have the Means to convert those People And Cornada less because he found not that present profit which he did in his Government however it be this contrariety with those we have observed touching the City of Granada and the Provinces of Quivira and Anian may make us see how dangerous it is to trust those that come from parts so remote and unknown whatever specious or fair Habit they wear or whatever good Tongue they have or whatever protestations they make of Truth The Audience of GUATEMALA THE Audience of GVATEMALA is between the Seas Del Nort and Sud and between divers Isthmus's and Tongues of Land which are found in the most Southernly part of America Septentrionalis Its Provinces are Guatemala Its Provinces Soconusco Chiapa Vera-Pax Honduras Nicaragua Costarica and Veragua The Province of Guatemala with its Cities described GVATEMALA and SOCONVSCO are on the Mer del Sud Chiapa within Land Vera-Pax and Honduras on the Mer del Nort Castaria Nicaragua and Veragua on both Seas Guatemala hath 150 Leagues along the Coast and advanceth within Land 30 or 40 Leagues Here were built the Cities of St. Jago of Guatemala St. Salvador or Curcatlan La Trinidad or Conzonate St. Michael and Xeres de la Frontera or Chuluteca they are all upon or little distant from the Sea Guatemala is more advanced within Land and yet the principal being the Seat of the Bishop and Court of Audience In 1541 this City was almost overwhelmed by a deluge of boyling Water which descending from that Vulcan which is above and near the City threw down and tumbled over all that it met with as Stones Trees and Buildings where it stifled many People and among the rest the Widow of him who had conquered and so ill treated that Province The City was rebuilt farther to the East and may have near 100 Houses about 1000 Inhabitants and its Country about 25000 Indians Tributaries A certain private Person had once a strange phancy came in his head A strange phancy of a private Person in these parts and the event thereof that there was a very rich Mine of Gold in this Vulcan of Guatemala and that he needed but to find some way to put down a Cauldron and draw out what he could wish for as one doth Water out of a Well he undertook the enterprize and caused to be made great Chains of Iron and a great Cauldron so strong that he believed the fire could not damage it he caused a way to be made to carry to the top of the Mountain his Chains Caularon and Machins which were to serve to let down and draw up his Caulâ—ron full of Gold which he believed to coyn at the bottom of the Mountain but he found the Fire so violent that in less than a moment of time he had neither Chains nor Cauldron Which so perplexed him with grief and shame to see his own folly having not only spent all his own Estate but the best part of his Friends so that he would have precipitated himself into the Mountain had he not been hindred but in a short time he died for anger and grief The sertility of this Province withits Commodities and Trade The Country is colder than the scituation may bear and subject to Earthquakes hath excellent Balms liquid Amber Bezoar Salt Grains is full of rich Pastures which are well stooked with Cattle plenty of Cotton Wool excellent Sulphur store of Medâ—â—inal Drugs and abundance of Fruits among others Caâ—ao in such great plenty that it yearly lades many Vessels which are transported to other places The Country is more inclining to Mountains than Plains but well watered with Rivers The People are pusillanimous and fearful Its Inhabitants the Men are expert at the Bow and the Women at the Distaff they are more civil and embrace Christianity more than their neighbouring Countries do and are willing to receive Advice from the Spaniards who are their Masters The Province of Soconusco described SOCONVSCO hath only the little City of Guevetlan on the Coast and nothing of particular or worthy to be noted in it only it hath some Grains feeds some Cattle its Rivers have Fish and its People more barbarous and rude The Province of Chiapa described CHIAPA is not over fertil in Grains nor Fruits but the Country well cloathed with lofty Trees and some of which yield Rozin others precious Gums and others bear Leaves that when they are dried into powder make a Sovereign Plaister for Sores The Country is full of Snakes and other venemous Creatures Places of most note in this Province are 1. Crudad-Real built by the Spaniards scituate in a round Plain at the Foot of a Hill It s chief places and begirt with Mountains resembling an Amphitheater now the residence of a Bishop and governed by City-Magistrates by them called Alcaides 2. Chiapa seated in the fruitfullest Valley of the whole Country 3. St. Bartholomews remarkable for having near it a great Pit or opening of the Earth into which if any one casts a Stone though never so small it makes a noise so great and terrible as a clap of Thunder 4. Casapualca a small Town but famous also for a Well it hath whose Waters are observed to rise and fall according to the flowing and ebbing of the Sea Among the Bishops of Chiapa one was Bartholomew de las Casas of the Order of St. Dominique Some memorable actions of Bartholomew de las Casas Bishop
Mer del Sud Granada with its Cities described The new Kingdom of GRANADA lies almost all along the River Magdelane and from its Springs to the middle of its course are found a great many Cities as Sancta Fe de Bogata the Metropolis of this Kingdom of Granada the residence of the Governour and the See of an Archbishop a City well inhabited by Spaniards as well as the Natives St. Michael de Sancta Fe about 12 Leagues from Sancta Fe de Bogata Tocayma seated on the Banks of the River Pati La Palma de los Colimas a Town built by the Spaniards Tunia built on the top of a Hill being now a place of great strength serving for a Fortress against the Savages it is also a wealthy Town enjoying a good Trade La Trinidad de los Musos seated on a River of some note by reason of the Veins of Chrystal Emeralds and Adamants that are in its adjacent Fields St. John de los Linos seated in a corner full of Veins of Gold also Velez Ybagua Mariquita and Nuestra Sennora de los Remedios and these four last are on the left hand of the River the other seven on the right Distant from this River and between the Governments of Sancta Martha and Venezuela are likewise Pampelona rich in Mines of Gold Cattle and Herbs Merida and St. Christopher Tudela between la Trinidad and la Palma hath bâ—en transported to St. John de los Lianos Gonzalo Ximenes and Ferdinand Cortiz gained great Riches out of these parts â—n 1536 Gonzalo Ximenes over-run a great part of this new Kingdom of Granada and made booty of about 250000 Pezo's of Gold of which near 200000 were exceeding pure and besides the Gold 1800 Emeralds of divers sizes In another Incursion made by Ferdinand Cortez into these quarters were found five Emeralds of a vast price They were cut into divers fashions one into the form of a Fish another into a Bugle or small Horn a third into a little Bird a fourth into a Bell whose Clapper was a large Pearl fashioned like a Pear and the last into a Cup for which alone a Genouese Lapidary proffered 40000 Ducats with hopes of gaining great profit by it Many rich Mines of Gold Silver and other Metals The Air of this Government inclines to Heat the Valleys have Grains and Pastures but no Wine the Mountains have many rich Mines of Gold and other Metals the Silver Mines of St. Agatha are rich those de los Remedios have store of Gold and there are 12 or 15000 Negroes which labour in them Those of Musos near la Trinity and those of Pampilona St. Christopher and Merida are likewise of some esteem but above all the Mine of Emeralds near la Trinity where there is a Rock full GVIANA taken in general comprehends all that is found between the Rivers of Orinoque and of the Amazons from the Mountains which are above the Lake of Parima unto the Mer del Nort. These Mountains towards the South divide it from what is above the River of Amazons Orinoque divides it from Terra-Firma or New Andalousia on the West and the River of Amazons from Brazil on the East The length of this Guiana is near 400 Leagues the breadth 150 and in some places 200 The length and breadth of â—uiana and if we would divide Guiana into Guiana and Caribane this last would possess all the Coast and Guiana the parts within Land The Coast hath at divers times been frequented by the Spaniards English Hollanders and French who have all endeavoured to establish some Colonies what in one place what in another and all with design to have commerce with those within the Country where they hope to find a new Peru I mean the Kingdom of Manoa or El Dorado which they esteem very rich in Gold Rivers in Guiana with their Springs Cataracts length and breadth The Essequebe And they have observed exactly the Rivers Gulphs and Capes which present themselves on this Coast Among these Rivers the fairest and greatest are Essequebe Brebice Corretine Marruvine Cayanna the Aparuvaca or Cape Ruvaca and the Viapoco The Spring of the Essequebe according to the report of its Inhabitants is not above a days journey distant from the famous Lake of Parima and thence takes its course for 20 days journey to the Sea into which it discharges it self It is interrupted by divers Cataracts which hinders its being navigable for any considerable way which causes the Inland Country not to be so perfectly discovered as it might be were it otherwise The Brebice and Corretine The Brebice and Corretine have little less course than the Essequebe and no fewer Cataracts the last hath its Mouth to the Sea very large but not deep The Maruvine The Marruvine is no less than 4 or 5000 Geometrical Paces broad at its Mouth and the length of its course is esteemed to be 30 or 40 days journey The English who have mounted this River farther than any others have observed abundance of Rivers which lose themselves in it and say that here is found the Sensitive Plant or Herb which hath this natural property to close if never so little touched and to shut up its Flowers and fade if the least sprig be took from it not opening its Leaves till a good while after All these Rivers for the most part have their Cataracts under the same Parallel within 4 or 5 degrees of Latitude on this side the Equator which may make us judge that there is some ridge of Mountains or at least a continued Eminence which makes these Countries within Land of a higher scituation than those Parts neighboured by the Sea Cayanna Cayanna hath likewise in it those Mountains which are near the Lake of Parima and from its Spring to the Sea is no less than 100 Leagues in a strait line and twice as much according to its course It embraces an Isle where the French have endeavoured to settle a Colony which in time may come to good effect The Apuruvaca Apuruvaca or Caperuvaca hath a longer course than Cayanna It forms a great Lake not far from its Spring and embraces an Island near its Mouth When Harcourt an Englishman was on this River he found many People and those much different from one another Keymish another Englishman who was with the worthy Sir Walter Rawleigh who took so much pains to find out the Kingdom of Manoa assures us that in his time they could find no such People which makes it appear that these People are sometimes on one Coast and sometimes on another There are here found Paroquetto's and other very rare and beautiful Birds with pretty Apes and Monkies The Viapoco Viapoco hath a longer course than the Cayanna a shorter than the Apuruvaca and like all the others of this Coast suffers a fall 18 or 20 Leagues from the Sea where it disburthens it self with other Rivers into a little
of Peru that Arms serviceable for War might not be put into the hands of these Barbarians Of those which they had got by means of this commerce or which they gained at the taking of so many Cities and in divers defeats of the Spaniards they after made use and became so dextrous that they mounted on horseback managed the Lance Musket Halberd c. and continued the War from 1599 to 1641 when the Marquess Vadez made peace with them During this War there hapned a thing worthy of observation A sad disaster befel a Ship of Biscay to wit In 1614 a Ship of Biscay bringing relief to the Spaniards that were in the Fort of Arauque it unfortunately fell out that it suffered a Shipwrack on the Coast so that the men fell all into the hands of the Arauques who immediately slew them all save only the Trumpeter who being about to pass the same Fate with his Fellows thought he would once more sound before he died which saved his life The reason of their last revolt The reason of the last revolt of the Arauques was that after having served the Spaniards for near 50 years and being for the most part become Christians the Spaniards had yet taken some of their wives and children and sold them away into perpetual and cruel servitude which made them not only resolve to cast off the Spanish yoke but likewise to renounce Christianity Unde the name of Arauques are comprehended the Inhabitants of the Mountains and Valleys of Arauco Tucapel and Puren which are between the Conception the Imperial and Ongol Peace being made with these people there rested in Chili none but the Pulches as enemies to the Spaniards but these Pulches being beyond the Andes they have little to do with them and the Country is restored to a good estate and the Cities better rebuilt The City La Conception and Valdivia described LA CONCEPTION is at present walled with walls of stone hath a Cittadel and because the Governour of the Province resides here though the soil be ingrateful the Inhabitants have so tilled manured and so embellished it with Gardens that it is become one of the pleasantest abodes of Chili Valdivia is scituated on an elevated ground which with the addition of Art is held one of the strongest in Chili The Jurisdiction of St. Jago hath under it more than 80000 Indians which are divided into 26 Partimiento's or parts that of the Imperial hath as many Osorno 200000 Castro del Chilve 12 or 15000 only the other Jurisdictions more or less The Inhabitants of Chili The Natives of Chili are for the most part 6 Foot high well proportioned strong active warlike and cruel when they have the advantage of their enemies of a white complexion their Garments for the most part are skins of beasts their common Arms are Bows and Arrows The Fertility of the Country The Country is subject to Earth-quakes the soil in the midland is for the most part Mountainous and unfruitful towards the Sea-side level fertil and well watered with Rivers which makes it yield plenty of Wheat Mayz and other Graius which as also their Vines were transported from Spain hither which now are so abundantly increased that they often furnish Peru. Nor doth any Country in all America afford more Cattle than this doth their Sheep like those of Peru are very large Its Commodities they have here long Pepper abundance of Honey good Fruits and Plants but their chiefest riches is drawn from the Gold and Silver In the Mountains of the Andes though very cold are 12 or 15 Vulcans which perpetually vomit fire These Vulcans take their name from the Vallies where they have their rise or from Cities or Towns there adjacent BRAZILIANE where there shall be BRAZILE regarding the Sea with its Governments as they are Inhabited by the Portugals of St VINCENT Sanctos St. Vincent Itauchi St. Paule Philippe villa RIO JANIERO St. Sebastian Aâ—gâ—a 〈◊〉 Reyes SPIRITU SANCTO Spiritus Sancto PORTO SEGURO Porto Seguro Sancta Crux LOS ISLEOS los Isleos Camamu BAYA de los SANCTOS St. Salvador St. Antonio Fapesipe SEREGIPPE Seregippe del Rey. Olivera FERNAMBUCO Olinda Recif St. Michael Calvo TAMARACA Tamaraca PARAYBA Payraba St. Anthony St. Katherine RIO GRANDA de los tres Reys Copoaba Juaon Lostao Natall Brandibe SIARA Siara St. Jago St. Sebastian Cors. Soutpan Clene Salinas Camucipe MARANHAN Junipara Sancta Ann. Comma St. Lewis Nuestra sennora PARA Corrupa Estiero Cogemine Comata Para. BRAZILE within Land which is possessed with aboundance of several sorts of people most of which are unknown unto us among which are the Paries Carayaes Amixocories Noneaes Amacaxies Apnyes Aquigiraees Tapiguiries Panaguiries Apetubaes Tapuxenquies Caraguatayraes Quiriguiaes Bigrorgies Vibes Guigraes Jubaes Oquigties Pahies Aries Guipaes Cuigtaies Pirivies Annaciugies Laratiies Guaracacativies Aturavies Aquitigpaes Maimimyes Caracujvyes Mandeivies Caraembas Macutiies Napares Parapoties Pahacuries Cuaxraes Nuhinvies Taraguaigies Piraquies Anacuyes Tapacuvyes Mâ—caraguacies Tupioys Cayviaries Jacuyvies Caâ—ucujares Jobiores Cumpehes Cicules c. PARAGUAY Or RIO de la PLATA whose chief Provinces and Places are those of PARAGUAY Paraguay Eupana Guabiano CHACO Chaco Rioxa Estero De la PLATA Assumption las seite Corrientas Sancta Fee Buenos Ayres Penabobre TUCOMAN St. Jago del Estero St. Michael de Tucoman St. Salvador Salta Corduba URVAIG la Conception St. Nicholas St. Francis Xavier Ibicuit PARANA St. Ignatius Itapoa or the Incarnation The holy Sacrament Acarag Sancta Maria. GUAYR Cuidad Real Villa ricca St. Paul No. sen de Loretto St. Francisco Xavier St. Joseph BRAZILE BRAZILE is most commonly taken for the most Eastern part of America Meridionalis In 1501 Alvarez Cabral a Portugal sailing along the Coast of Africa in his passage to the East Indies by a great Tempest the wind blowing Eosternly he was driven into these parts A Column erected here by Alvarez Cabral a Portugal with his Masters Arms therein where he erected and left a Column whereon were affixed the Arms of Portugal to remain to future ages signifying that he took Possession of it for the Crown of Portugal A little after Americus Vesputius was expresly sent to make a more particular discovery of it which so well succeeded that in a short time some Colonies of Portugals were here established and the name of America was given it in honour to Americus Vesputius which name was soon after communicated to all this new Continent but this quarter particularly took the name of Brazile by reason of the great abundance of that wood here found more than in other places BRAZILE taken in its greatest extent is one half of America Meridionalis which some call Brasiliana but which they divide into Brazile and Paraguay this Brazile separated from Paraguay begins at the River of Amazones and extends it self to the Provinces of Paraguay Brazile bounded and though that be but from the first deg of Lat. unto the 21 yet the Coast making a
great Demi-circle hath no less than 1200 Leagues The Mer del Nort washes it on the North South-East and East Paraguay and Peru bounds the rest towards the South and West Great part of Brazile unknown The high Country is wholly unknown and likewise part of the Coast It hath every where abundance of Barbarous people who make war with and eat one another the divers relations hitherto given us make mention of more than 100 of these peoples The parts best known yet these are few in regard of those yet unknown The most famous and best known are the Margajas Topinambous Ovetacas Paraibas Petiguares Tapouyes Cariges Morpions Tobajares c. The Portugals have only seized on what they found most commodious on the Coast and have from time to time placed divers Governments which they call Capitanies The most antient is that of Tamaraca then of Fernambuco The Governments or Capitanies which the Portugals hold now the most famous of all is that of the Bay of all Saints they count Fourteen in all which following the Coast from the River of Amazones towards Paraguay are Para Maranhan Giara Rio Grande Parayba Tamaraca Pernambuco Seregippe Baya de Todos los santos los Isleos Porto seguro Spiritu sancto Rio Janiero and St. Vincent Chief places in the Capitany of St. Vincent described Each Capitany hath depending on it one or two more Colonies of Portugals In the Capitany of SAINT VINCENT the principal is Santos seated at the bottom of an Arm of the Sea distant from the Main about three Leagues accommodated with a very good Port capable to receive Vessels of 400 Tuns This Town is Inhabited with about two hundred Families of Portugals who have beautified it with a fair Church and two Convents of Friers and since the assault that Sir Thomas Cavendish made upon it in 1591 they have environed it with a wall and well Fortified it with strong Bastions The next is Saint Vincent which hath not above one hundred houses of Portugals but its Port little commodious The third and fourth Cities are Itanchin and Saint Paul beyond the Mountains and Forrest Pernabiacaba which are very difficult to cross the way being cut through the trees the City is seated on the Top of a little hill and neighboured by some Mines of Gold found in the Mountains a Town of about one hundred houses and two hundred Families beautified with a Church two Convents and a Colledge of Jesuits This Capitany wants Salt Wine and Oyl but in recompence they have all sorts of Fruits and many Mines of Silver about St. Paul The Capitany of Rio Janiero with its chief places described and its Commodities The Capitany of RIO JANIERO takes its name from its Rivers so called because it was entred into in the month of January The Portugals have built the City St. Sebastian at the mouth of the Gulph which the River makes falling into the Sea and Fortified it with strong Bulwarks And more to the West they have likewise built the City of Angra de los Reyes and made it a strong Colony This Capitany hath much Brazile-wood Cottons and all Provisions but no Sugar These two Capitanies Rio Janiero and St. Vincent are on this side and beyond or rather under the Tropick of Capricorn The Capitany del Spiritu Sancto with its Cities The Capitany DEL SPIRITV SANCTO hath one of the best soils of all Brazile well stored with Cotton-wool but deficient in Sugars It s River is called Parayba from a name common to three Rivers in Brazile one is beyond St. Vincent the second this and the last waters the Capitany of Parayba that which waters Spiritu Santo is pleasant but rapid The City hath but two hundred and odd Families of Portugals It s principal buildings are a Church dedicated to St. Francis a Colledge of Jesuits and a Monastery of Benedictines Porto Seguro and its Cities PORTO SEGVRO belongs to the Duke of Aveiro and hath three Colonies viz. 1. St. Amaro or St. Omers once of great account for making Sugars where they had five Sugar Engines for the ordering and making it but deserted by the Portugals for fear of the incursions of the Savages 2. Sancta Cruz a Town not very large neither with a commodious Harbour 3. Porto Seguro containing not above two hundred houses but held of some Antiquity It is built on the top of a white cliff which commands the Haven The soil of this Capitany is so fertil in Grains and Fruits It s fertility that it furnisheth its Neighbours It hath likewise Sugar Los Isleos with its chief places LOS ISLEOS belongs to Don Luco Giraldo a Portugal It s chief Town is seated on a small River but neighboured by a great Lake of twelve Leagues circuit from which this River takes its rise and contains not above 150 or 200 Families of Portugals It hath a long time suffered persecution and the Colony almost lost by the Guaymures a race of the most savage and barbarous people of Brazile which being driven out of their own Country fell into this Praefecture which they had utterly ruinated had not as a Jesuite tells us some of the Relicks of St. George been brought hither which seeing the Planters re-took courage and bravely repulsed these Barbarians The River which waters this City turns eight or ten Mills or Sugar-Engines Baya de los Santos described The Capitany del BAYA DE LOS SANTOS took its name from the Bay or Gulph wherein is seated St. Salvador its principal City This Bay having its mouth to the Sea eight or ten Leagues wide and its depth twelve fifteen or twenty fathom every where encloses many Isles of which the most outward to the Sea is Taperico This Bay makes likewise divers openings fifteen or twenty Leagues within Land from whence it receives the Rivers of Pitange Ceresippe Cachera and others each with their little Gulph This Bay is memorable for the rash attempt of Peter Heyns a Dutchman A memorable Exploit of Peter Heyns a Dutchman Admiral of a Fleet of the Vnited Provinces for the West India-Company who in 1627 entred this Bay where there were 26 sail of Spanish Ships four of which were men of War all lying under the Protection of the Castles and Forts who notwithstanding the shots that he received from the Forts Castles and Ships fell amongst them with such boldness that he sunk their Vice-Admiral and took all or most of the rest with a condition only of their lives The City of St. Salvador The City of St. Salvador is fair and beautified with many stately Edifices is in the most Northern part of the Gulph seated on a little Hill and towards the Sea it regards its Ports made in a Demi-circle whose two points or extremities have each their Castle St. Antonio towards the Sea and Tapesipe towards the Bay This City all environed with a wall is great and populous and dignified with
the Residence of the Vice-Roy of Brazile for the Crown of Portugal as also with a Bishops See together with divers Officers It is beautified with many Churches and Religious Houses but above all the Colledge of the Jesuits is magnificent This Capitany is best peopled and the richest of all Brazile It hath 40 or 50 Sugar-Mills the most of which are about this Bay every where there is quantity of Cotton and on the coast is found Ambergneece Seregippe del Rey and its City The Capitany SEREGIPPE DEL REY hath only a little City and Olivera is that alone which gives it a degree amongst the Captains of Brazile and here is esteemed to be some Mines of Silver The Capitany of Fernambuck with its Colonies and Cities described The Capitany of FERNAMBVCK is one of the best of all Brazile possessed by the Albuquerques The Portugals have here established Thirteen Colonies among which Olinda is the chief being a fair and pleasant City seated near the Sea-shore but with no commodious Haven only its entrance is defended by a Castle which is well Fortified Account hath been made of two thousand Families of Portugals besides the Clergy and the slaves which were in great number which they imployed in their Sugar-mines and among the Portugals two hundred Families which possessed each twenty five thirty forty or fifty thousand Crusados and more the chiefest Ornament of this City is the Colledge of the Jesuits built very rich and magnificent and endowed with many Houses in the City many Sugar-Engines and much Cattle in the field also a Collegiate Church with six or seven others besides Chapels several Monasteries and Hospitals c. From the City a Tongue of Earth advances to the Sea at the end of which is Recif a well-peopled Town where the Ships load and unload their Merchandises This place is become Famous in our time having been for many years disputed between the Portugals and the Hollanders but these have in the end been driven out by the other It s Trade and Commodities Besides the Colonies there are abundance of Aldees for the Indians it is observed that every year there is laden from Fernambuck 80 90 and sometimes a hundred Ships the most part with Sugars and some with Brazile-wood and that only in the space of four years which were 1620 21 22 and 23 there was transported from Angola in Aethiopia unto this Capitany 15 or 16000 slaves to work in their Sugars and Brazile The Fertility of its soil The Soil is fat and fertil the Sugar Canes coming of themselves both on the Hills and in the Valleys and the Brazile-wood being brought in a prodigious quantity from the Forrest Gran Mato of Brazile 20 Leagues from Olinda All these conveniencies with the goodness of its pastures makes them call this Capitany the Paradise of Brazile But in 1630 31 32 the Dutch West-India Company took and ruined Olinda Olinda and St. Augustine ruined by the Dutch and after it St. Augustine and almost all the Fortresses which the Portugals held in this Capitany and were not driven out till within 9 or 10 years but from time to time molested The Capitany of Tamaraca with its chief places described TAMARACA is the most antient Capitany but the smallest of all Brazile that of Fernambuck enclosing it on one side and Parayba on the other It s Fertility is admirable the Port dos Francezes is a place of no great note but for its commodious haven which is well defended by an impregnable Castle which is seated on the top of an hill The Capitany of Parayba with its chief City The CARAYBA of Parayba had likewise beginning from the French in 1584 which soon after was seized by the Portugals and its principal City Parayba was called by them Philippine or Neustra Seignora da Nieves and by the Hollanders when they were Masters of it Frederickstad It is two or three Leagues from the Sea there where the River Parayba falls having two Castles on the two parts which end it and defend its entrances that on the right hand is Cape Delo where is the Fort St. Katherine the other Cape del Nort where is the Fort of St. Anthony This City is walled and is seated on the banks of the said River at the bottom of an Arm of the Sea not above three Leagues from the Ocean The bounds of this Capitany This Capitany on the North touches Rio Grande on the South Fernambuck enclosing that of Tamaraca on the West the River Parayba dividing it into two equal parts the Inhabitants addicting themselves to till the fields where they possess their Heritages Farm-houses and Ingenno's which are magnificently built These Ingenno's are the Mills which serve to bruise the Sugar Canes Its Inhabitants addicted to Tillage and making of Sugar they are built along the River where are the Fields and Closes in which lie the Canes and some Copses from whence they fetch wood to boil the Sugar And sometimes these Ingenno's are so great and so ample that they contain besides the house of the Master which is well built many others either for the Portugals which serve them or for those Negroes and Slaves which belong unto them and their number amounts to 50 60 80 and sometimes to a hundred Families There are a score of these Ingenno's in the Capitany of Parayba The nature and fertility of the land The Land is unequal being in Mountains Valleys and Plains The Plains are for the Sugar the Valleys for Tobacco Mandioche and Fruits and the Mountains for Wood. The lands which are tilled yield one hundred for one their pastures feed many Flocks of Beeves Sheep Their Cattle and Fowls The habitations of the Natives Goats Hoggs and Horses which are strong and laborious The Natives of the Country have some Aldees that is Villages built after their mode each Village having only four five or six houses but very long like Halls where are 4 or 5 or 600 sometimes 1000 1200 or 1500 Inhabitants their moveables being only their Hamacao's which are their Beds their Bow and Arrows and some Mandioche In each Aldee they have a Captain which they chuse among themselves and they give them a Portugal to see what passes there are of these Aldees in all the Capitanies of the Portugals six principal ones in that of Parayba as many in that of Rio Janerico three in Tamaraca three in Fernambuck and so in others The Capitany of Rio Grande described The Capitany of RIO GRANDE was once possessed by the French after they had quitted R. Ganabara and here they made alliance with the Petivares in the year 1597. Feliciano Ceca of Garovulasco Captain of Parayba came to assault them but without forcing them away that time in 1601 they were quite expelled The French had discovered an excellent Mine of Silver at Copooba and another of Emeralds near the Bay of Moncourou be-between Rio Grande and Siara and rich
Church and a bulky tall Steeple on a Hill County of Surrey described SVRREY a County of a different Soil not over fertil especially in the midst yet the parts near the Thames which is plain and Champain is grateful to the Husbandman and the parts called Holmesdale by reason of the aspiring Hills Rivers Parks Meadows Groves and Fields is a place of great delight The Air is very healthful It is garnished with the Seats of several Gentlemen and is better stored with Game than Grain Here are seated 140 Parish Churches and hath the accommodation of 9 Market Towns Southwark or the Borough of Southwark Southwark on the South-side of the Thames opposite to the City of London to which it is joyned by a stately Stone-bridge and is a member thereof being annexed by King Edward the Sixth but doth still enjoy several of its ancient Priviledges as electing Burgesses holding of Courts within themselves c. It is a place which for largeness of good Buildings and quantities of Inhabitants may be ranged with Cities enjoying a good Trade and is well resorted unto Croydon seated low near the Spring-head of the River Wandle Croydon and in a manner begirt with aspiring Hills which for the most part are well clothed with Wood of which great store of Charcoal is made for which this place is of note It is a large Town dignified with the Seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury is beautified with a large and fair Church hath an Hospital for the relief of Poor people and a Free-School for the Education of Youth The Town is large its Houses well built and its Market which is on Saturdays is considerable and well served with Corn and Provisions From this Town to Farnham runneth the Downs called Banstead-Downs which affordeth great diversion for Hawking Hunting and Horse-Races Kingston a large and ancient Town Corporate Kingston enjoying large Immunities and is of chief note for being the place where upon a Stage in the open Market-place stood the Chair of Majesty where Aethelstan Ethelred and Edwin were Crowned Kings and received their Imperial Scepters from whence 't is said the Town took its name being before called Moreford It is pleasantly seated on the Banks of the Thames over which it hath a fair Bridge which leadeth to Kingstonwick in Middlesex about a mile from Hampton-Court the Palace of his Majesty Its Houses are well built and hath several Inns and Taverns it is the usual place for the Assizes and its Market on Saturdays is very considerable for Corn and Provisions Reygate seated in the Vale of Homes dale Reygate of note for its bloody Battles here sought against the Danes in which they were vanquished and also for its ancient but ruinated Castle where in the midst of a large Court there is a Vault of a great depth and length at the end of which is a spacious Room where according to report the Barons met in Council in their War against King John Here is Fullers-Earth dug up in great plenty It is a large Borough Town which sends Burgesses to Parliament and hath a very considerable Market on Tuesdays being well served with Corn and Provisions Not far from this Town are Blechingley and Gatton two ancient Borough Towns which electeth Parliament men once places of good account especially Gatton Guilford no less pleasantly than commodiously seated on the River Wey Guilford which is navigable for Barges very commodious to the Inhabitants for the conveyance of their Goods by water to London It is an ancient Borough Town governed by a Major and other sub-Officers hath the election of Parliament men and was a place of a larger extent when the English-Saxon Kings had their Palace here than now it is yet is it a fair neat well built and large Town containing three Parish Churches one of which is a fair Structure It is a place well inhabited and frequented where the Assizes are oft kept and as seated on a High-road is well furnished with Inns and Taverns for the reception of Travellers and its Market which is on Saturdays is of good Account and well served with Corn and Provisions Farnham Farnham said to be so called from the great store of Fern here growing It is a good Town seated on the River Wey of note for being the place where King Elfred with a small Power subdued the Danes with a great slaughter and for its spacious Castle highly seated It hath a great Market on Saturdays for all Provisions but chiefly Oats and Barley County of Sussex described SVSSEX a large County in form long and narrow which with its extent bounds division into Rapes scituation c. may appear by the Table The Air though clouded with Mists and thick Vapours which arise from the Sea yet is it good and healthful It is well watered with Rivers which fall into the Sea which washeth its Southern parts and although its Sea-Coast is of so large an extent yet it is but thin of Harbours and those not very good being dangerous for entrance by reason of its Rocks and Shelves The Soil is fertil the Sea-Coast called the Downs is hilly but very pleasant and feedeth good store of Cattle The North-part is overshadowed with Woods and Groves where in times past was that famous Wood Andradswald being about 120 miles in length and 20 in breadth and in these parts are many Iron-Mines The Commodities that this County affordeth are Iron unwrought and wrought into Guns c. Corn Cattle Sheep Wool and Wood. This County is severed into 6 Rapes all which traverse the Shire and have each of them their particular River Forest and Castle and in these Rapes are 65 Hundreds in which are numbred 312 Parish Churches and is traded unto by 16 Market Towns In Chichester Rape are 7 Hundreds and its chief places are Chichester Chichester seated on the Banks of the Levant which at a small distance falleth into the Sea It is an indifferent large City containing 5 or 6 Parish Churches besides its Cathedral it is graced with good Buildings and spacious Streets especially the 4 which lead from the 4 Gates of its Wall and cross one another at the Market-place which is a fair Stone-Building sustained with Stone-Pillars It is dignified with an Episcopal See and Seat of a Bishop It is a City endowed with many Priviledges electeth Parliament men is governed by a Major Aldermen Recorder with sub-Officers is a place of pretty good Trade and its Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays are well provided with Corn Cattle and all sorts of Provisions both Flesh Fish and Fowl Nigh unto this City is Selsey-Isle or rather a Peninsula as being almost encompassed with the Sea and its Arms and Branches at present of chief note for its Cockles and Lobsters here taken in great plenty but in former time was of note for its City so called now devoured by the Sea where there was an Episcopal See which afterwards